Podcasts about Cuban

The Library or Study has long been the haven of the contemplative pipe smoker. In our ‘From The Library' series, we take a look into the musings, writings, poetry, and more that pique our interest and consider the mind of the author and how we can, or perhaps can't, relate from our own experience. This week:" Second Wave Tweed" From The Lamp Join us in Vegas for our CSR Live From LVG! - Friday, Saturday & Sunday, October 21 – 23, 2022 | 5:00 pm to 7:oo pm Country Squire Radio – Jon David Cole & Beau York - Saturday, October 22nd! Details: Las Vegas International Pipe Show - The Premiere Show for Pipe Enthusiasts (vegaspipeshow.com) Pipe Question: (From Jack Roady) Howdy, Beau and Jon David! I need your recommendations, please. Thanks to the magic of DNA testing, I recently learned that I am 51% Scot -- which came as a complete suprise. I now find myself wanting to fully explore my heritage, and the journey will of course require an appropriate pipe and tobacco of Scottish descent. Would you be so kind as to steer me in the right direction? I'm looking for both pipe recommendations (I currently enjoy the Bing's Favorite and any bent bulldog design) and tobacco recommendations (preferably non-aromatics). Thanks so much for your help -- looking forward to discovering new favorites! Quick Fire Questions: From Jeremy 5)Straight or bent 6)Acrylic or vulcanite/ebonite stem 7)Large bowl or small bowl 8)Symmetrical or Asymmetrical design Listener Feedback: (From Nick Valdez) Hey fellas! I hope everyone is well. Listening to the recent “Miami Mailbag” episode & I wanted to point out something: you guys had this feeling that your being in Miami is more of a detour; however, Miami (aka North Cuba) might be (have been) a great place for you all to involve some topics relating to cigars - particularly Cuban cigars. As ambassadors of the tobacco leaf, you both are in a position to bring these types topics to the table, especially in a city like Miami. Cubaño people have a rich history & culture relating to the tobacco leaf industry. I feel you may have missed an opportunity to visit/explore some of those references. Regardless, your show is always great. You guys are amazing & please keep up the excellent work/product. - Nick

This week, we have a successful movie screening at Cinema Salem, Rui moves to his new apartment but forgets air conditioning or wifi, Marilyn Monroe has a Cuban accent, we tremble at the story of a cursed doll, Youtube rhinoplasty is a thing now, and we all enjoy the heck out of Predator prequel Prey! Hey, why not call us on our hotline? (724) 246-4669! Check out the other Compañeros Radio Network shows: Movie Melt Songs on Trial Get Soft with Dr Snuggles Ballbusters Movies About Girls Classic In Search of the Perfect Podcast

In Episode No. 26 of Miss Understood we react to Demi Lovato's confusing de-transition from they/them to she/her/they/them, and discuss whether it's okay that Ana De Armas doesn't drop her Cuban accent to play Marilyn Monroe in the upcoming film Blonde. Plus, the mob is upset with Beyonce over an 'ableist' lyric in a new song, but should the queen have caved?

A massive fire rages in a Cuban oil refinery. Billows of smoke, death and destruction. Yet Cuban Christians remain hopeful. How?

Born amongst the palm trees and percussion of Miami, René began splitting his time in frosty Minnesota as a teen. This continuum of climates and cultures introduced him to the breadth of the human condition at a young age. He then attended University of St. Thomas where he began to see the power of applying neuroscience to create personal and professional change. For over two decades, René has been researching and applying behavioral neuroscience as a dynamic keynote speaker, leadership advisor, world class sales expert, and renowned speaker coach. He has also trained more than 100,000 people in applying behavioral psychology and neuroscience methodologies to solve some of the toughest challenges in leadership, sales and change. As an entrepreneur and CEO of multiple companies, Rene integrates a practical business approach that inspires his audiences to take action. Through his keynote, bootcamps, workshops and proprietary Amplifii™ course, he helps us own our backstory to build the frame for our unique and beautiful picture of life.    In this episode, Rene and Brad discuss how he works through framework to gain influence among other topics! 00:00 Intro 03:40 The agenda 06:10 Cuban 07:13 Make more money quickly 10:02 Bomb: Showing people things others can't see… 13:29 The Gamechanger 17:00 Only 50 seats 18:18 https://www.changingthegame.events 20:43 Building business  

About the Guest Iliana Garcia is of Cuban descent, born and raised in Tampa, FL. Garcia moved to Atlanta, GA and began singing lessons when she was five years old. She studied Musical Theatre at Western Carolina University, graduating in 2017. She has performed with the Legacy Dancers in New York, worked under the direction of the Tony-nominated Terrence Mann, and in 2018, played the role of Carla for the musical "In The Heights" with the Orlando Shakespeare Theatre. Other roles include West Side Story, You're a Good Man Charlie Brown, and Evita. TV: Younger, Blue Bloods, Law and Order SVU. Links https://nctheatre.com/ (NC Theatre) http://www.ilianagarcia.net/ (Iliana Garcia's Website) http://www.ilianagarcia.net/ (Red Table Talk with Gloria and Emilio Estefan ) https://youtu.be/5cIZpqzSxNQ (Miami Sound Machine Pepsi Commercial)

Sharing with the world the several sides of what it was like post 1959 in Cuba.

Sharing with the world the several sides of what it was like post 1959 in Cuba.

this weeks show for you all to enjoy again or share with friends the choice is yours as always more next week x 1/harlem dance club anytime 2/Brooklyn funk essentials whatcha want from me album version 3/Cuban jazz combo pick up the pieces 4/emelie sande more than this original 5/u nam cant get over you 6/beyonce break my soul terry hunter remix 7/shapeshifters ft adi oasis tell me its not over ext 8/Aretha franklin a deeper love tricky dickys long intro 9/d train living for the weekend extended 10/delegation heartache number 9 dimitri from paris 9 minutes of funk remix 11/dr packer soul sonic orch ft colonel Abrahams you're the one for me 12/teddy Pendergrass heaven only knows mike and tess edit 4 friends remix 13/johnny Bristol love no longer has a hold on me 14/teddy douglas ft carmen brown time waits for no one emmaculate remix 15/kid creole and the coconuts stool Pidgeon mike and tess edit 4 friends 16/david penn ft leon Stanford push the feeling 17/jay player love is the answer 18/ bah samba portugese love seamus hadji extended 19/sax pack sooner or later 20/dav koz cant let you go shala left luthor vandross 21/George benson love x love koko mix 22/Charlie Wilson George benson love ballard joey negro jazzy reprise 23/chris kingdom and louise mehan take our love to the top ck factory edit 24/lisa Stansfield 831 25/bill withers lovely day studio rio mix 26/marvin gaye sexual healing studio rio mix 27/marvin gaye lets get it on flight facilities remix 28/micky more sparrow soul 29/ terri green and friends whats going on frank blythe 4q ext remix

Morse code transcription: vvv vvv Large Indiana employers Eli Lilly and Cummins speak out about the states new restrictive abortion law 4 dead at multiple crime scenes in Ohio town. Police are searching for a man who is likely armed and dangerous Windsor Hills crash victim, son, and fianc were headed to pregnancy checkup Israel Gaza Palestinian civilians and militants killed amid flare up Rishi Sunak No hope of election win if inflation sticks A jury finds Infowars conspiracy theorist Alex Jones should pay 45.2 million in punitive damages to the parents of a Sandy Hook shooting victim Archie Battersbee fought until the end, says mum after son dies Croatia bus crash Twelve Polish pilgrims killed and 31 injured Flash flood in Death Valley strands about 1,000 people in national park Lightning strike causes major fire at Cuban fuel depot 3 Muslim men in Albuquerque were murdered. Police are investigating possible ties to same killer Senate on track to take key vote Saturday to advance Democrats sweeping health care and climate bill Judith Durham Former Seekers lead singer dies aged 79 Race for Washingtons 3rd District second slot narrows as more ballots are counted Alex Jones must pay extra 45m for hoax claims Breonna Taylor Raid Puts Focus on Officers Who Lie for Search Warrants Biden Tests Negative for Coronavirus but Will Keep Isolating Biden tests negative for Covid after rebound case doctor Taiwan US hits out at irresponsible China amid attack rehearsal claims Zaporizhzhia Russian strikes cause damage at nuclear plant

Morse code transcription: vvv vvv Biden tests negative for Covid after rebound case doctor Archie Battersbee fought until the end, says mum after son dies Windsor Hills crash victim, son, and fianc were headed to pregnancy checkup Croatia bus crash Twelve Polish pilgrims killed and 31 injured Israel Gaza Palestinian civilians and militants killed amid flare up Biden Tests Negative for Coronavirus but Will Keep Isolating A jury finds Infowars conspiracy theorist Alex Jones should pay 45.2 million in punitive damages to the parents of a Sandy Hook shooting victim Flash flood in Death Valley strands about 1,000 people in national park Rishi Sunak No hope of election win if inflation sticks Large Indiana employers Eli Lilly and Cummins speak out about the states new restrictive abortion law Breonna Taylor Raid Puts Focus on Officers Who Lie for Search Warrants Alex Jones must pay extra 45m for hoax claims Senate on track to take key vote Saturday to advance Democrats sweeping health care and climate bill Lightning strike causes major fire at Cuban fuel depot Zaporizhzhia Russian strikes cause damage at nuclear plant Judith Durham Former Seekers lead singer dies aged 79 Race for Washingtons 3rd District second slot narrows as more ballots are counted 4 dead at multiple crime scenes in Ohio town. Police are searching for a man who is likely armed and dangerous Taiwan US hits out at irresponsible China amid attack rehearsal claims 3 Muslim men in Albuquerque were murdered. Police are investigating possible ties to same killer

In 1961, members of the Alabama Air National Guard secretly took part in the failed invasion of Cuba by U.S.-backed Cuban exiles known as the Bay of Pigs. This was a covert attempt by the United States to overthrow the Soviet-allied Cuban government of Fidel Castro. Pete Ray was one of eight Alabama guardsmen who flew combat missions on April 19th 1961,  which resulted in the deaths of Pete and three members of the Alabama unit.  U.S. President John F. Kennedy later acknowledged America's involvement but denied that American military personnel had entered Cuban territory. It was not until 1987 did the U.S. revealed that eight ANG members had indeed flown into Cuban airspace. We hear from Pete Ray's daughter Janet, who tirelessly worked to find out the truth of what happened that day despite the best efforts of the CIA, the Cubans, and the US government to obstruct her investigations. Cold War history is disappearing; however, a simple monthly donation will keep this podcast on the air. You'll get a sought-after CWC coaster as a thank you and bask in the warm glow of knowing you are helping preserve Cold War history. Just go to https://coldwarconversations.com/donate/If a financial contribution is not your cup of tea, then you can still help us by leaving written reviews wherever you listen to us as well as sharing us on social media. It really helps us get new guests on the show.I am delighted to welcome Janet Ray to our Cold War conversation…Photos and videos here https://coldwarconversations.com/episode247/Follow us on Twitter here https://twitter.com/ColdWarPodFacebook here https://www.facebook.com/groups/coldwarpod/Instagram here https://www.instagram.com/coldwarconversations/Support the show

In this week's Episode of The Subliminal Deception Podcast, Cody and Phil discuss the Federal Governments decision to send nearly 2,500 Cuban Refugees Back to their home country, which had been held Prisoner in America for various Crimes, and the resulting action by the affected Inmates, that wanted nothing more than to stay in the United States, even if that meant remaining in Prison. find out all about the Atlanta Prison Riot in November of 1987, which would become the longest prison hostage crisis in American history.

02:00 Tucker Carlson tonight 16:00 Nancy Pelosi visits Taiwan 17:00 Cuban missile crisis, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuban_Missile_Crisis 20:00 The Situation Zoom: Pelosi Visits Taiwan | GoodFellows: Conversations From The Hoover Institution, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IJ-4EM-pfRU 40:00 Dooovid joins 42:00 Conservative Claims of Cultural Oppression: The Nature and Origins of Conservaphobia 2, https://lukeford.net/blog/?p=144294 1:11:20 Practical identity, https://www.commentary.org/articles/joseph-epstein/grief-psychology-philosophy/ 1:16:00 Guardian: "Many People – Even Many Queer People – Have Internalized the Idea That Contracting Sexually Transmitted Infections Is Bad", https://www.unz.com/isteve/guardian-many-people-even-many-queer-people-have-internalized-the-idea-that-contracting-sexually-transmitted-infections-is-bad/ 1:18:00 Monkeypox just the latest virus to threaten gay intimacy, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/aug/02/monkeypox-gay-lgbt-sex-intimacy 1:33:00 Alt-Right Homer Simpson 1:35:30 Richard Spencer on the Catholic menace 1:42:00 Anthony Cumia and Kevin Brennan Cover Kerryn Feehan's OnlyFans Christian Nationalism, https://lukeford.net/blog/?p=144498 From Proud Feudal Lord To Cringing Courtier, https://lukeford.net/blog/?p=144484 We are gathered here in the sight of God, https://lukeford.net/blog/?p=144407 https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2022/07/30/florida-hospital-conservatives-sarasota-election/ https://www.takimag.com/article/monkeypox-the-new-aids/ https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2022/07/27/monkeypox-gay-men-vaccine-treatment/ https://www.takimag.com/article/the-truth-is-out-there/ https://www.wsj.com/articles/medical-training-goes-woke-association-of-american-medical-colleges-doctors-11658871789?mod=hp_opin_pos_1 https://www.wsj.com/articles/public-life-is-crazy-but-americans-arent-performance-politics-media-private-mind-drama-ideology-theater-king-lear-11658934538?mod=opinion_lead_pos6 https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/27/opinion/environment/energy-crisis-oil-gas-fracking.html Conservative Claims of Cultural Oppression: The Nature and Origins of Conservaphobia: https://lukeford.net/blog/?p=144168 REVIEW: The Star Chamber of Stanford: On the Secret Trial and Invisible Persecution of a Stanford Law Fellow, https://lukeford.net/blog/?p=143937 Stanford Star Chamber, https://lukeford.net/blog/?p=143824 Reaction to Stanford Star Chamber, https://lukeford.net/blog/?p=143994 https://ronyguldmann.com/ My Best Work: https://lukeford.net/blog/?p=143746 Mind, Modernity, Madness: The Impact of Culture on Human Experience, https://lukeford.net/blog/?p=143670 Professor of Apocalypse: The Many Lives of Jacob Taubes, https://lukeford.net/blog/?p=143590 http://vouchnationalism.com https://postkahanism.substack.com/p/the-failure-and-importance-of-kahanism?s=r Join this channel to get access to perks: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCSFVD7Xfhn7sJY8LAIQmH8Q/join https://odysee.com/@LukeFordLive, https://lbry.tv/@LukeFord, https://rumble.com/lukeford https://dlive.tv/lukefordlivestreams Listener Call In #: 1-310-997-4596 Superchat: https://entropystream.live/app/lukefordlive Bitchute: https://www.bitchute.com/channel/lukeford/ Soundcloud MP3s: https://soundcloud.com/luke-ford-666431593 Code of Conduct: https://lukeford.net/blog/?p=125692 https://www.patreon.com/lukeford http://lukeford.net Email me: lukeisback@gmail.com or DM me on Twitter.com/lukeford Support the show | https://www.streamlabs.com/lukeford, https://patreon.com/lukeford, https://PayPal.Me/lukeisback Facebook: http://facebook.com/lukecford Feel free to clip my videos. It's nice when you link back to the original.

The creators of Romania's first single-malt whisky on why the country was the right place for a product like this. Plus: a visit to a sandwich shop that has become a huge hit among Miami's Cuban population.

On Leaders and GameChangers, Setorii speaks with Peter Lamas who has worked with and has been trusted by: Grace Kelly, Elizabeth Taylor, Audrey Hepburn, Diana Ross, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, and Kate Winslet to name a few.

Randy Alonso took on a tough job recently — resurrecting South Miami's Fox's Lounge. He and his business partner, Chris Hudnall, spent the last three years renovating the bar that had been open for 69 years in South Miami, Florida until it closed in 2015. Rather than build a new place and just slap the old neon sign on it, Randy looked at preserving what made it popular — a dark old bar with lots of history and familiar food. We start with a remembrance of the late "Top Chef" alum Howie Kleinberg, who died in July. And we finish with an update on Carlos' sandwich press obsession. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

She starred on Broadway before landing the Sesame Street gig. She was on the show for 44 years.

ABOUT SONIA MANZANO AND COMING UP CUBANScholastic Press is proud to publish COMING UP CUBAN: RISING PAST CASTRO'S SHADOW by 15‐time Emmy® Award winner and Pura Belpré honoree Sonia Manzano (on sale August 2, 2022). Offering a fresh look at and examining the impact of the 1959 Cuban Revolution, this unforgettable and crucial story addresses the inner lives and growth of four children from very different walks of life as they experience major social, political, and cultural upheaval.In the wake of Fidel Castro's new regime, Ana, Miguel, Zulema, and Juan-children of different ethnic, racial, and socioeconomic backgrounds-learn to find a place for themselves in a world forever changed. In a tumultuous moment of history, we see the lasting effects of a revolution in Havana, the countryside, Miami, and New York. Through these snapshot stories, we are reminded that regardless of any tumultuous times, we are all forever connected in our humanity.SONIA MANZANO BIOSonia Manzano is a groundbreaking Latina educator, executive television producer, and award‐winning children's book author. A first‐generation mainland Puerto Rican, she has affected the lives of millions of parents and children since she was offered the opportunity to play "Maria" on Sesame Street (which she continued to do for 44 years, from 1971‐2015). Manzano has received 15 Emmys for writing television scripts, the Congressional Hispanic Caucus Award, the Hispanic Heritage Award for Education, and a Lifetime Achievement Award from the Academy of Arts and Sciences. People magazine named Sonia one of America's most influential Hispanics. Her critically acclaimed children's books include The Revolution of Evelyn Serrano, which won a Pura Belpré Honor Award, and the stunning young adult memoir Becoming Maria: Love and Chaos in the South Bronx. Sonia's new animated series, Alma's Way, follows a Puerto Rican girl from the Bronx and her family. It premiered in fall 2021 on PBS Kids in partnership with Fred Rogers Productions. Manzano resides in New York City with her husband Richard Reagan, whom she married in 1986, and their daughter Gabriela.Get the Book here: https://www.amazon.com/Coming-Up-Cuban-Rising-Castros/dp/1338065157

Sharing an apartment with a ghost, seeing the Rocky Horror Picture Show as a kid, waitressing at the Comedy Store, getting respect from Paul Mooney, touring with Andrew Dice Clay, raising your “comedy baby”, how comedy gets recycled over the years, impersonating Cher and oh so much more! Check out our conversation with the hilarious Christy Miller.•Christy Miller•Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/christy.miller.comedyInstagram: @christymillercomedyTwitter: @bitchieslambora

durée : 00:58:26 - A Cuban Love Song - par : Marcel Quillévéré - En 1931, les plus grands chanteurs du Metropolitan Opera se succèdent à La Havane. Parmi eux le baryton Lawrence Tibbett qui venait de tourner le film « The Cuban Love Song » qui se passait à Cuba.

Mabel Leon is a long-time activist with Albany Cuba Solidarity and Pastors for Peace. She talks with Mark Dunlea of Hudson Mohawk Magazine about Cuban art and culture following her most recent trip to Cuba.

Deshaun Watson's punishment, US kills Al-Qaeda leader, Chuck E. Cheese is racist too, Britney Spears book held up due to paper shortage, Prince Charles sketchy deals, Mystikal's rapes, Ana de Armas as Marilyn Monroe, Lollapalooza recap, and Trudi re-eulogizes Nichelle Nichols.Deshaun Watson has been suspended for 6 games. The NFL will act like they are going to appeal the decision.Ivana Trump has a pretty lonely and sad final resting place.The Donald is furious at the Brittney Griner trade proposals. Some people are questioning his definition of "loaded up".Trudi takes exception to our Nichelle Nichols eulogy. Nichelle cut her son out of her will because he couldn't wait to "sell her s#!t".Maz is on a cross-country family adventure.Will Smith is still really sorry. The apology video was one giant advertisement for Jaden Smith's stupid water company.Nate Burleson went from crashing cars (due to pizza) to anchoring CBS This Morning.Prince Charles loves money from the bin Laden's and shady Qatari politicians... Especially if it's cash in suitcases.We need to take a serious look at Deshaun Watson's 2022 Fantasy Football value.Political commercials are running overtime.Hard Knocks features the Detroit Lions and will debut on August 9th. Aidan Hutchinson is hazed. Jeff Okudah is trying not to be a total bust.Ray Lewis was suspended 0 games when he allegedly killed a guy.Mystikal (of 'Shake Ya Ass' fame) has been arrested for rape again.al Qaeda's leader Ayman al-Zawahiri has been killed by a CIA drone.The US backs Nancy Pelosi's trip to Taiwan.Jill Biden still calls herself a doctor but news outlets aren't doing so anymore.Ana de Armas is getting crap for playing Marilyn Monroe with a Cuban accent. Is this technically whiteface? With the NC-17 rating, we predict multiple Mr. Skin Awards.JLo's first husband, Ojani Noa, doesn't believe the marriage will last with her 4th husband, Ben Affleck.Look how hot Jeff Bezos and Lauren Sanchez are together.Rob Lowe needed another podcast.Maya Rudolph is back and playing a MacKenzie Bezos rip-off in Loot.Gen Z know what they want and it includes John Hinckley Jr.Recession vs. Inflation.Customers are being really mean to Short's Brewing Company employees.Trudi is over the moon for orangutans with squirt guns.Chuck E. Cheese is in trouble for being racist just like Disney... and Sesame Place!Britney Spears has finished her book but the world has run out of paper to print it on. Britney is nude on social media again. She also went to a bar for the very first time.Grab your EXCLUSIVE NordVPN Deal by going to nordvpn.com/dams or use the code dams to get a HUGE Discount off your NordVPN Plan + 1 additional month for free + a bonus gift! It's completely risk free with Nord's 30-day money-back guarantee!Lollapalooza Chicago recap included a great Led Zeppelin cover by Porno for Pyros.New Beavis and Butt-Head episodes are dropping August 4th on Paramount+.Social media is dumb, but we're on Facebook, Instagram and Twitter (Drew and Mike Show, Marc Fellhauer, Trudi Daniels and BranDon).

Holmberg's Morning Sickness - The Entertainment Drill - Tuesday August 2, 2022

If you're a woman in your 40s, 50s, or beyond, you know that hormone health is key. But did you know that gut health is essential for hormone balance?   In this episode of The Hormone Prescription Podcast, Lindsey Parsons, a Certified Health Coach specializing in helping clients locally and nationally heal gut health issues and reverse autoimmune disease naturally as well as lose weight without cutting calories and hosts the podcast "The Perfect Stool: Understanding and Healing the Gut Microbiome", joins us to discuss the gut-hormone connection.     Lindsey shares with us:     How the gut and hormones are interconnected     How to heal your gut for better hormone health     The link between gut health and autoimmune disease     Type of tests to diagnose gut issues     How to create a healthy gut environment     Why some people suffer from SIBO as a chronic long term illness     The latest treatments for GI problems like  fecal microbiota transplant, breathwork, and colostrum   And more!   If you're interested in learning more about the gut-hormone connection and how to heal your gut for better hormone health, tune in now!   [00:00:00] "I'd rather pay for healthy food now than healthcare later." Would you? So the big question is how do women over 40, like us keep weight off, have great energy balance. Our hormones in our moods feel sexy and confident and master midlife. If you're like most of us, you are not getting the answers you need and remain confused and pretty hopeless to ever feel like yourself again.   [00:00:23] As an OB GYN, I had. Discover for myself, the truth about what creates a rock, solid metabolism, lasting weight loss, and supercharged energy. After 40 in order to lose a hundred pounds and fix my fatigue. Now I'm on a mission. This podcast is designed to share the natural tools you need for impactful results.   [00:00:41] And to give you clarity on the answers to your midlife metabolism challenge. Join me for tangible natural strategies to crush the hormone imbalances you are facing and help you get unstuck from the sidelines of life. My name is Dr. Kyrin Dunston. Welcome to The Hormone Prescription Podcast. Hey everybody.   [00:01:00] And welcome back to another episode of The Hormone Prescription Podcast with Dr. Kyrin. Thank you so much for joining me. My guest today is Lindsey Parsons. She has an amazing podcast called The Perfect Stool, Understanding And Healing, The Gut Microbiome. When I discovered her recently, I saw her podcast and I saw all the amazing guests she had and just really the depth and breadth of her knowledge in gut health and healing.   [00:01:26] And I know how central this is to hormone health and overall health. I had to have her on the podcast. And I reached out and she kind of said, well, I don't really do that kind of thing. I said, no, please, you gotta come talk to my ladies. So I bring her here to you today and I hope you enjoy her as much as I do.   [00:01:45] In addition to hosting the podcast, the perfect stool. She's a certified health coach and she works in Tucson. She specializes in helping clients nationally heal gut health issues and reverse autoimmune disease, as well as lose weight without cutting calories who doesn't want that. She also has this wonderful quote about a calorie not being a calorie.   [00:02:06] And she tells a little bit of a story about that, but you don't want to miss. She talks about fecal transplants, which if you don't know about that, you're gonna wanna hear about that. She talks about colostrum use for healing gut issues. We talk about SIBO testing. What tests to do.    [00:02:28] We talk about everything.   [00:02:29] So you'll see this episode is a little all over the place because I was super excited to talk to her. I knew I only had her for max an hour, so I was trying to jump around and hit all the things that I really wanted to chat with her about. You like it, and I hope you take it as an invitation to listen to her podcast and go more in depth into a lot of these issues that are of interest to you.   [00:02:54] There are way more than we could even cover. And I think we talked for 35, 40 minutes, so she has even way more available. So without further ado, please welcome Lindsey Parsons.   [00:03:06] Thank you.   [00:03:08] So glad to have you here. I don't remember where I found your podcast, but I was super excited when I did the perfect stool, understanding and healing, the gut microbiome, and then all the amazing guests and topics that you've had and how in depth you go.   [00:03:27] I was like, I have to talk to you.    [00:03:31] and I have to have you on the podcast. So thank you so much. Yeah, well, I appreciate you for inviting me. So I think that a lot of people in the general public who are looking for answers to their health, tend to only look for physicians. I'm glad to see that that's changing because I think there are some amazing health coaches, for instance, like you out there who really go so much deeper into a lot of these issues and really are better experts than a lot of physicians on things like you are for gut health.   [00:04:06] So talk to us about how you became so passion. About gut health and really what led you down that.    [00:04:15] So it was really my own health struggles that led me into this path. So years ago, unbeknownst to me, my, an episode of food poisoning led to something called Post infectious IBS, which I only actually found out within the last year or so is an autoimmune diagnosis that I have because I didn't have a typical presentation of IBS, which you might think of as, you know, may having diarrhea six times a day or severe constipation.   [00:04:47] I didn't have either of those, but. I did have gut symptoms that, you know, including bloating and reflux and things like that, that went on for years. And when I did see traditional doctors didn't really get a lot of help other than suggesting I take proton pump inhibitors, which I did for something like 10 or 15 years.   [00:05:08] And now they super strict about not taking more than two weeks at a time. So, you know, the long term damage from that, you can only imagine. . And when I did eventually find my way to a functional medicine provider and was put on a course of herbal treatment for something called SIBO or small intestine, bacterial overgrowth, which is what happens when you have this post infectious IBS.   [00:05:29] What happens is you have an autoimmune situation where the Migrating motor complex or the process by which food is cleared through your intestines after eating is impacted negatively and is attacked by your own body. Therefore, you don't have that clearing of the intestines and clearing of the bacteria and the intestines.   [00:05:50] So you get these overgrowths and stagnation, and then you end up with bloating every time you eat, because it's coming, the food's coming in, and immediately the bacteria are going crazy and producing gases. So I had that going on for years and you know, you meet a lot of people that have a lot of bloating after they eat and they just sort of rack it up to, I ate too much or, you know, a whole number of things.   [00:06:12] So. I did finally see somebody and they cleared the placebo for me. Eventually it took herbals and then followed by Rifaximin, which is a prescription, very expensive prescription drug that, that takes care of it. And then over time started changing my diet, getting rid of gluten, getting rid of dairy.   [00:06:29] Really, you know, reducing sugar significantly. And all of those things contributed to me getting much better. And then I also had several autoimmune diagnoses that, you know, cuz when you have these kind of gut issues, you can have followed on autoimmune issues. And so I had Hashimoto thyroiditis, which really, you know, when I found out about that, that really kicked me into gear about trying to turn things around because the doctor had said to me, oh, you can just wait until your thyroid's gone.   [00:06:55] Then we'll put you on. You know, thyroid hormones. And I thought, oh, I'm just gonna sit around and wait until my entire thyroid's destroyed by this. No, that's not what I'm gonna do.    [00:07:05] right. But that's such a typical mainstream medical approach. Um, nothing to do. You have raging thyroid peroxidase antibodies, you have Hashimotos and they do nothing.   [00:07:16] And then they literally say, we're not gonna do anything, you know, until you're you burn out your thyroid, which is just kind of insane. So then what happened at that point? I think I, all of this is a bit perhaps out of order, but I did eventually get off gluten, get off dairy and for a while off of Soy.   [00:07:34] Yeah, mm-hmm and, and, and I just kept retesting my hormones as I, my, I mean, my antibodies, rather my thyroid antibodies as I retested those foods. So it took a couple years. I, you know, I stayed off gluten for a year before I think I even retested, but then I, you know, you try it again and you see what happens and, and each of those foods.   [00:07:52] So anyway, I ultimately decided gluten and dairy are the two things that I'm most sensitive to. And then of course, everyone should stay off added sugar. So I try and avoid that in any case. And. Ultimately, I never had to take any thyroid hormones. My antibodies are now at zero. They're all completely normal and I never, now they can still see the damage from Hashimotos when they all use an ultrasound on my thyroid, but I still have normal TSH levels.   [00:08:17] I mean, not even just normal, optimal TSH levels. That's awesome.    [00:08:21] I want everyone listening to hear that clearly. She just told you that she healed herself from Hashimoto has no antibodies and has optimized thyroid function. This is what's possible with a root cause approach. And I think that when I talk about this on the podcast or on social media, people don't believe me because it's such an anomaly in mainstream medicine.   [00:08:44] And of course, regular doctors will look at you. Like you're crazy and say, that's not true, but it happens every day. We see it's an everyday miracle. So I love that you came down this path and you became so passionate about gut health. And I think to me, it makes sense why you focus on having the autoimmune disease or diseases focused on gut health, but I don't know  that's gonna make sense to everyone.   [00:09:11] Can you help them make that link betweeut health and autoimmune disease.   [00:09:15] Absolutely. So. There are three things that are necessary for an autoimmune condition to happen. And one is a genetic predisposition for that particular autoimmune disease. So some people's bodies will attack one, some one organ, some people's bodies will attack a different organ.   [00:09:32] Then you need to have a leaky gut or intestinal permeability, which means that the tight junctions in your intestines are not holding together or there are holes through actual cells in the intestines that are letting. Both toxins, undigested, food, bacteria, body parts, all sorts of things that your immune system is going to then start attacking.   [00:09:54] And then you activate the immune system like this. And that's what inflammation is in essence. And when you have undigested gluten proteins in particular or gliadin, it's called is the protein in gluten. It resembles the cells in your thyroid gland and your body will attack this protein and then also create antibodies that attack your thyroid.   [00:10:19] So in essence, it's a, what they call molecular mimicry or some sort of confusion in your body where it starts attacking itself. So that's always at the root of all autoimmune diseases. Yes.    [00:10:30] So if you have an autoimmune immune disease, I always tell people by definition you have a gut problem and people will say to me, well, My gut works just fine.   [00:10:39] I eat, I poop. I don't have loose stool. I'm not constipated. I don't get indigestion gas, bloating. And they say, I don't have a gut problem. I say, yes, you do. If you have a autoimmune disease, you've got a gut problem. So where is the disconnect? Why do people seemingly have no gut symptoms? But they have a gut problem, help us understand that.   [00:10:58] Well, sometimes I think what happens is there's a balance of bacteria in the gut, such that your stool looks okay, right? Like maybe, you have some constipating bacteria and you have some loosening bacteria and together they've canceled each other out. But that doesn't mean that you don't have a leaky gut.   [00:11:16] Typically there is some sort of gut infection causing leaky gut, but it doesn't necessarily. I mean, you could have toxins that are also in play or mold or things like that, but in general, something is causing your gut to be leaky. So, you know, it's interesting because sometimes I will see people's gut tests for potential stool donors for fecal transplants.   [00:11:39] And. And I'll say, oh no, you can't take this person's stool. They may have good stool, and they may seem healthy and have good digestion, but it's just full of problems. Like, I mean, they have, you know, major pathogens that you'd never wanna take on. So just because you don't have any obvious gut problems doesn't mean something's not gonna show up on a test, right?   [00:11:58] Yeah. I mean, you may not overtly have symptoms, but that doesn't mean that on a microscope or on the micro level, you're not having problems you are. If you have an autoimmune. Yeah. So you mentioned testing, let's start with that. Cause a lot of people, you know, they're used to going to their regular doctor and what happens at their regular doctor.   [00:12:19] Oh doc, I have indigestion after I eat. No tests are done and they're given a proton pump inhibitor or Hey doc, I can't poop. No tests are done. And then they're given some pro motility agent for their gut. Hey doc, I alternate diarrhea, constipation. oh, diagnosis of exclusion. You have irritable bowel syndrome.   [00:12:39] Mm-hmm and they're put on anti-spam. So they're not used to doing gut stool tests. And I remember when I first started doing this work and I started with my gynecologic patients and I told them they needed to do a stool test and they would look at me like I was crazy. What are you talking about? Well, you need to poop in this pie plate and send it off to scoop it into these little tubes and send it to the lab.   [00:13:01] And they're like, what? I'm not doing that cuz no doctor ever asked them to do that. mm-hmm so talk about, you know, the testing, maybe what are some of your favorite tests to do and what it shows you and how people can get comfortable with this idea of pooping in the pie plate?    [00:13:21] Well, I have to say the people who come to me have no problem giving up their stool for a test because they are coming typically with gut issues.   [00:13:28] However, yeah, my favorite is the GI map. I like that one because it includes H pylori and I have found it now over the course  of. Three or four years now of helping people with gut issues that people who are severely constipated often have an overgrowth of H pylori or just a high level of it that's given their symptomatic is also problematic.   [00:13:51] So that's a bacteria that causes ulcers or stomach cancer, but not always only when it has certain virulence factors. Nevertheless, people will typically present with stomach pain with reflux, but sometimes just constipation. Sometimes they don't have those upper GI symptoms with H pylori. So I like that it includes also the GI map.   [00:14:14] You know, a number of different levels of bacteria in the gut. So you can see if certain classes or certain Gena or certain species are elevated or too low, both of the commences, the normal good ones, and then the potentially pathogenic and then the actual toxic pathogenic ones. It also includes all the parasites.   [00:14:33] So you can catch up somebody as a para and then it includes markers of gut health and just digestion. So, like, do you have enough pancreatic enzymes? Do you have elevated levels of beta lyase, which ties into hormones? Do you have sufficient secretory, IGA, or is that super elevated? Indicating your gut immune system is on high alert and trying to fight something.   [00:14:55] So I just like that it's a good overall test of various markers. And then of course it has marker for Calprotectin, which is a marker of inflammatory bowel disease and the inflammation in the colon.    [00:15:07] Yes. That's actually my favorite too. So great minds think alike. I think it really gives you the most comprehensive view.   [00:15:14] And sometimes people will come to me and say, well, I had a volume test. Can't you use that? and I go, yeah, that's not useful at all. Can you share with your people your thoughts on the bio, that one or any other one of these direct to consumer tests are not as far as I'm concerned, clinically useful. They might be good for the consumer, but they typically, you know, they will make all sorts of commentary about what diet changes are necessary, for example, based on your microbiome and no harm in trying those things.   [00:15:49] But when you're dealing with parasites or digestive dysfunction, Dysbiosis, et cetera. I think you need a clinical level test for that kind of stuff. There's just not a lot of actionable for a practitioner. There's not a lot of actionable information on a volume test. I agree.    [00:16:11] I, I think the same is true for a lot of the DNA direct to consumer test.   [00:16:15] Like, is it 23? And me, it's just not all the actionable information that you would want. Like the Alzheimer's gene mm-hmm , that's something I think everyone should have. And, uh, they don't include. Oh, really? I feel like they've included in well, so, oh, maybe they have, well, you can take, you can pull the raw data.   [00:16:34] I'll sometimes ask my clients for their raw data and I put it in genetic genie and I run that. And then I see, cause I, because I know that I'm, I'm APO four, three Aprile four. Homozygous. So I have my high Alzheimer's risk, which I, the only reason I know that is from the 23 and me. So I know it came through may, either on genetic gen genie or directly on 23 and me.   [00:16:55] Great.    [00:16:56] And so how has that empowered you? Do you feel like it's empowered you or disempowered you to have that information?   [00:17:03] I don't know that I would be doing anything different because I'm already somebody who seeks to optimize my health and have been my entire life. So I don't know, but I think as I get older, I'm definitely going to be more attentive to any kind of lapses in memory.   [00:17:21] And then at some point I'm probably going to get hooked up with that. Program the Dale BNS program related to Alzheimer's just to make sure that I'm doing absolutely everything preventative and everything testing wise, to make sure I don't lose my memory any sooner than necessary. Yes, absolutely. The Recode protocol.   [00:17:38] And I think there are 28 parameters, 28 things you need to be doing that are totally worthwhile. My mom. It has advanced Alzheimer's. So it's something I'm very keenly aware of and, you know, it's too late for her. Like I shared in a recent TEDx talk that I did talk about her only risk factor was that she had been menopausal for three decades without hormone therapy.   [00:18:01] And that is, of course, one of the main tens of the Recode protocol is using. Hormones therapy, natural hormone therapy. Speaking of which the podcast is called the hormone prescription. So I tie everything into hormones because to me, everything in the body is related to hormones. So how does let's go back to autoimmune disease with gut dysfunction, leaky gut.   [00:18:25] Intestine intestinal hyperpermeability as a key factor.    [00:18:30] How does this interact with the hormonal meal, you and the body?   [00:18:32] In my particular case, I'm not sure if there's a huge interaction, but in general, I mentioned on the GI map, there's a hormone, uh, I mean an enzyme called beta Gluar days and that. Is an enzyme that breaks the tight bond between glucuronic acid and toxins, including circulating estrogens in the intestines.   [00:18:55] And so when that gets elevated in certain bacteria in the gut, produce it so certain bacteria from the, the, uh, class ties also certain clostridia E coli. And there's a lot of healthy E coli, not just the ones that are known to be pathogenic and stalac rheumatic. So there's a number of different bacteria that produce it.   [00:19:18] And when those tend to get overgrown, then you can have access. Beta glucoronide and then this is breaking apart, this bond and recirculating estrogens in the body, which can lead to estrogen-related breast cancer, potentially colon cancer. So there's some correlations between those and. When that happens, what you can do to reverse it is to move to a lower fat, lower meat diet, to more of a plant-based diet because higher fiber will help undo that process.   [00:19:50] Yes, it's so    [00:19:51] true. The beta glucuronidase. So anyone who is suffering, which is very common sometimes in thirties and forties year old women, before they go through menopause with excess estrogen. And symptoms of that. It could be fibroid, endometriosis, heavy, painful periods, which is often associated with weight gain bloating.   [00:20:13] These are estrogen dominant conditions. You gotta look at your beta Glu UASE in your stool because it could be elevated. So that could be one of the key causes of one of your hormonal imbalances And then the other thing I always like to say for anyone with an autoimmune disease is you've got a foot on the accelerator of inflammation and that's this leaky gut, but you have no break on your car.   [00:20:39] And that would be cortisol, which is your body's natural steroid. So what do they do when you have a flare up of any type of inflammation or autoimmune disease? Steroids is the treatment and that's your body. Cortisol inside naturally. So you have a brake failure and you have a foot on the accelerator.   [00:20:57] So it's kind of a two-prong problem. So you've got to address both, but by healing your gut, you can work on your cortisol as well.   [00:21:03] So let me interrupt you for a second, because when you said all those things, as I think of this stuff now more in terms of my client than myself, but I did actually have estrogen dominance.   [00:21:15] No, no doubt. I had always low progesterone and I went through years of infertility. So I, I assumed that all of my gut stuff was at the root of that as well as the autoimmune stuff and probably, uh, you know, some thyroid issues.    [00:21:28] Yeah. You know, I think it's, isn't it Louis pastor who said death begins in the colon and I think  it's absolutely true.   [00:21:37] The gut is the center of your body physically. And it's the center of your health. Literally. It has branches to everything. And, you know, I always like to say. I ask people, what's your biggest interface with the external environment? And they say, oh my skin. And I say, no, think again. And it takes them a minute and most people don't get it.   [00:21:58] It's your gastrointestinal tract, cuz you're taking the external environment and you're putting it inside of you into this tube. That seems like it's in you, but it really just passes through and interacts. So it's like an inner skin and it's as big as two doubles tennis courts, the surface area. And so.   [00:22:17] Really that's your biggest ability for the environment to program you? You mentioned genetics, right? That's part of probably five, 10, maybe 20% of our health, but then what turns on those genes? In terms of our epigenetic code and, and food is the biggest programmer of that, that we're putting into our body and think of all the food you eat in the day.   [00:22:41] So I, I wanted to, to touch on something else. You said, well, we were talking about testing and I think you mentioned earlier about that you had SIBO small intestine bacteria overgrowth.    [00:22:53] Yes. What are your favorite tests to diagnose that? And it's such a Gnarly topic for the people who have it. How do you get rid of it?   [00:23:02] You mentioned the migrating motor complex, which a lot of people really don't have that working. So there's no motility going. So can you talk about SIBO?   [00:23:14] I don't tend to use breath tests. I'll start by saying mm-hmm . I tend to use the GI map and organic acids in general. When I see somebody with some type of presentation of bloating and what look like SIBO symptoms.   [00:23:31] Mm-hmm that being said, if. After looking at those and after taking herbal supplements to get rid of bacterial overgrowth, there still seems to be no resolution. I may recommend either the trio smart, especially if I suspect there could be hydrogen sulfide overgrowth, or I might recommend the IBS smart test to see if they have post.   [00:23:57] Infectious IBS to see if they have that autoimmune component and are always gonna be dealing with SIBO. So some people just get this overgrowth, they clean it up once, and they're all good. And then other people like me are going to constantly have to be fighting it. So I have to take something each night.   [00:24:12] A prokinetic. In order to keep things moving in my migrating motor complex and just be conscientious of not eating tons. No, not snacking all day long, letting my intestines empty out completely and periodically have to kind of Rell the bacteria. I have to take antimicrobials, you know, every year, roughly.   [00:24:31] In some quantity when I start to see things getting bloated again. Okay.    [00:24:35] So now the average person listening and probably a lot of the clients that you see and that I see they've been to their regular doctor and they've got this bloating problem. That seems pretty consistent. They're probably not gonna get any of these tests.   [00:24:50] Are they, there are some doctors at this point who will order SIBO, breath tests. That's not unheard of now at this point for GI doctors and some will have heard of, and may be using some, the trio smarter, the IBS smart, because they are, they were developed by an MD who is the expert at, Mark Pimentel.   [00:25:10] Who's the expert in SIBO and who does try and reach that traditional audience or conventional, I should say audience, but typically you'll have to ask for and seek out these more. Specialized tests with somebody who's either practicing functional medicine, a natural path, a health coach, somebody who is mm-hmm, more of a non-conventional expert in gut health.   [00:25:34] Yes.    [00:25:35] And so it sounds like you're describing, which has kind of been my experience too, with people who have SIBO. Some people do recover, and they don't have a problem any longer, but there is a subset of people who this is a very chronic problem. Can you talk a little bit about why someone might suffer with that as a chronic long term condition?   [00:25:57] Sure. So I did talk about. The primary, I guess I think about it as the primary, but I'm not actually sure. In terms of percentages, but I did mention the primary, which is the post infectious IBS, there, incidents of food poisoning, where you have an autoimmune problem, you can also have of course thyroid issues that can contribute to it.   [00:26:17] Hypothyroid, you can have traumatic brain injuries that are causing issues with the vagus nerve and with. Movement in the intestines from that of course infections, diabetes can be a root cause. Mold toxicity. You can have problems with your production of stomach acid, so you can have low stomach acid or hypochlorhydria.   [00:26:41] And that can cause. Overgrowth of bacteria or poor bio flow, uh, lack of pancreatic enzymes or brush border enzymes. There can be deficiencies in your secretory, IGA. If you've been under periods of extreme stress that can reduce secretory IGA, which is your gut immune defense, which is what is killing off these bacteria that are coming in.   [00:27:00] Mm-hmm , you can have medications that you're taking that could be causing problems and slowing your motility, obviously proton pump inhibitors, but also antidepressants. Anti SMOs opiates, narcotics. Then you can also have issues that are physical in nature. So you've had a past abdominal surgery and you could have adhesions for example, that are keeping your intestines from flowing properly endometriosis, which I also had, can be a root cause.   [00:27:28] Alors Danlos syndrome can also cause problems with motility. And then you can have dysfunction of your I valve.    [00:27:35] Yeah. There's such a long list of problems that you can have that can contribute to this. And I think, you know, people listening, I kind of want, because you have such breadth and depth of knowledge.   [00:27:48] For them to really get a good idea of what you, what you know, and what you offer. You have so much information on your podcast. We're definitely gonna give everyone, um, we'll put the link in the show notes to the podcast. And I was just looking at all the episodes you have. I was like, oh my gosh, I wanna talk to her about this.   [00:28:11] I wanna talk to her about that. I want her to share this. I want her to share. And so I think even if you're listening and you're like, oh my gosh, you guys are going way too fast and covering way too much ground. That is information for you to spur your interest, to go watch. Or listen to Lindsey's podcast, cuz she has so much valuable information.   [00:28:32] And then you can select the topics that interest you and you can listen to those. She talks about the FMT, the fecal microbiota transplant as a treatment. And I'm wondering if you could share a little bit about what that is and what it's used for? Cause I don't think a lot of people know that. An up and coming treatment for our GI problems.   [00:28:54] Okay. So FMT in the US is legal only in non-experimental contexts for recurrent C difficile infections, which is very potent bacteria that causes, you know, explosive diarrhea that can kill you and kills. I don't know something like 40,000 people a year. So if you have recurrent C diff, that's not treatable by antibiotics a couple times, then you could, in theory, if you can access it, get a fecal transplant done in a hospital.   [00:29:23] And it's basically taking the stool from a healthy donor and either putting it in capsule format or in ENMA format. And then you get a retention en ENMA of it. And for C diff it's usually just one treatment for other. So in other countries it's legal for other conditions like. IBS or inflammatory bowel disease with different levels of success, given the condition, even for autoimmune conditions, for any number of things, even, even conditions you might think aren't connected to.   [00:29:58] The gut is like ALS or multiple sclerosis. Well, that's autoimmune. So you may think that, but in any case, there are definitely some testimonies on a number of different conditions. So in, in particular, I think I know of clinics that do this in Australia, in the UK, in The Bahamas in Canada. Now I think there's one in Mexico focusing on, on children with autism in particular.   [00:30:23] Oh, and I think there used to be one in Argentina. I'm not sure if that's still there. So around the world, you can do treatments. And typically those will last for two five-day courses, essentially over the course of two weeks during the work week. And, you know, there are just some amazing testimonials of, of, oh, and of course mental health.   [00:30:41] I hadn't even discussed that cuz I have a lot of stories of people with serious mental health issues from bipolar to depression, to anxiety and pan and pan pans and pan, does that have been resolved after fecal transplants? And then of course it's also being used and in a particular, very purified form, that's an experimental form being used for autism.   [00:31:03] So it has the potential to be quite life changing, which is not to say it is for everyone. Uh, there's a Facebook group full of people who have tried it and it didn't help them. So I think the donor quality and just sort of the good match between the donor and the recipient are also important. So it's not always a foolproof thing.   [00:31:22] I. but, but there are for those, for whom it makes a difference, boy, it sure can make a big difference. Yeah. And I think probably some people listening are thinking, wow, that's really radical. Cuz I know when I talk about coffee, ENMA some people just really freak out. they're like what? I'm not doing.   [00:31:39] Putting what in my butt. No. And so when we talk about a fecal transplant via enema, I know some people get freaked out, but you know, if anybody listening has heard any of the recent data or information or knowledge that we have about the microbiome and how key it is for our overall health, you really, for some people could call it almost like getting a brain transplant, cuz your gut is your second brain.   [00:32:04] And. See the podcast episode that you had with the woman who I think she healed herself from bipolar using fecal transplant. Can you talk a little bit about her story?   [00:32:15] So she was in Australia and had bipolar for many years. I think she had probably, I think if I recall correctly, I think there had been suicide attempts.   [00:32:27] She had been in the hospitalized maybe five times with, you know, major depressive episodes. So. It was a serious and ongoing problem for her, from which she would emerge, you know, for periods of time when she could function normally, but mostly couldn't hold down a job. She did get married though, to a wonderful man who also had a wonderful stool.   [00:32:49] And at some point heard about yeah.    [00:32:52] New criteria for finding a partner.    [00:32:55] Absolutely.    [00:32:56] So did I get a stool sample before we seriously? Well, she didn't test it or anything. She just tried it and sure enough. It really worked for her. I think she, I think she did it more intensely at first and then more periodically afterwards, but it absolutely pulled her out of her depressions.   [00:33:15] And, you know, in large part resolved her bipolar. I wouldn't say she said it wa I think she emphasized it. Wasn't like a hundred percent cure, but from what I could hear, it really turned her life around. So she just DIYed it. She DIYed it. Yeah. So there's a lot of people doing that in the US, by the way, they're just finding donors.   [00:33:35] They may or may not be testing 'em I always recommend, of course, if you're gonna consider a donor that you do the full protocol of testing, which involves both blood tests for infectious diseases and sexually transmitted transmitted infections, as well as a stool test to, to make sure they don't have any of the major stool pathogens that you could potentially get.   [00:33:52] Because especially if you're doing it. Reasons related to gut issues. And you're, if you're in fragile health, like, especially if you have any kind of inflammatory bowel disease, you can really mess yourself up. If you bring in a pathogen and your gut is not prepared to fight it.    [00:34:07] Yes. Yeah. I would say, you know, it'd be similar to having sex.   [00:34:11] It's pretty intimate. You might wanna even more so.   [00:34:15] Right. Even more so. Yeah. Wow. So much. And then I was wondering, I saw you had another, a few episodes. I. On colostrum. Yeah. The one with ni not Nike, is that how you say his name and how and breathwork and colostrum that he used to restore his gut. And I was wondering if you could talk about some of that.   [00:34:39] So colostrum is the first milk that comes out of the breast and, or the cow in this case, because if you buy it, you're buying cow colostrum and. It is full of antibodies and transfer factors and immunoglobulin. And in particular, now they're also selling these serum bovine immunoglobulin, which are extracted from colostrums. [00:35:05] So I often recommend those to clients who have serious gut issues, because it just kind of enhances your. Immune system in the gut, without specifically, it's not like an antibiotic, which kind of indiscriminately kills. It's more like bringing in an extra immune system. Mm-hmm . So I often do recommend those powders to people who have something that you don't quite want to hit with an antimicrobial right off the bat.   [00:35:29] So anyway, so in his case though, he used a colostrum to heal his gut. And so it's just, I think it's just a way of bringing in a new immune system to the gut slowly but surely and helping it turn itself around. Yeah, I love them as like, you it's like a supportive, I don't know that it fixes necessarily.   [00:35:47] It's a bandaid and it gives support in the short term and can help promote healing. So I love them. And then I was just interested. For you to also talk about breathwork, which is something that I use in my programs all the time with people. Um, I teach them about the nature of HR V heart rate variability and parasympathetic sympathetic, autonomic nervous system balance.   [00:36:09] And how that really programs your gut, your guts motility. Is that something that you recommend for people?   [00:36:16] I have recommended it to certain people since that podcast in particular. And then since I read the word, the book breath by while I'm in the middle of it by James Nester Yes. So I definitely have gotten more interested in the breath and how it relates to good health in particular.   [00:36:32] Now, if I have a client who snores, I'll suggest mouth taping, mm-hmm . If I have a client for whom. Everything has been tried in terms of diet changes in terms of supplements and antimicrobials. And there's still kind of the root cause of their stress or of their dysfunction has not been identified. I'll really think about breath work and or some other type of practice like meditation or yoga, etcetera, to start reducing stress and just bringing some focus.   [00:37:05] But  I probably have not exploited it to the extent that it could be, because there's always so many different things you can bring in with a client and you don't want to overload them.    [00:37:15] That is so true. And along those lines, I'm wondering if, because we've jumped all over the place, cuz I'm just so excited to talk to you.   [00:37:23] And there's so many things I wanna ask you about and chat with you about, but for everybody listening, can you kind of bring it full circle, maybe using a who comes to mind that maybe had really been suffering for a long time. And who came to you and kind of, what is the process you usually take people through. And what does, what does a gut journey look like?   [00:37:46] for people? So I have such a variety of clients, from people who think they've been suffering a long time because they've had something for a year versus people who've had something for 15 years. And, but I would say, uh, a typical journey might be somebody who comes in with a little more complexity.   [00:38:02] Maybe they have both gut issues and autoimmune issues. Typically, we would just have a first appointment to talk over a complete medical history in the way that no doctor has ever sat and listened to you where I'm gonna totally try and understand all the potential root causes of what has come to pass and how they've ended up where they are.   [00:38:20] And then together we'll decide on what tests fit in based on. What their symptoms are and then what their budget is because obviously not everybody can afford a thousand dollars worth of testing right off the bat. It would be lovely if everybody could, but not everyone can. So we have to be thoughtful about that.   [00:38:37] And then typically we'll get the results back, and then we'll go over those results and all the potential things that could help given what, what was found on the test. And I'll educate them about the protocols that practitioners use to deal with those that's come up, be it some type of dysbiosis or SIBO or overgrowth of candida.   [00:38:57] Or something like the ion profile, we may be looking at deficiencies in amino acids or in fatty acids or vitamins and minerals that can come up on organic acids or on the ion profile. So we'll look at that. And then typically I'm recommending things to them over a period of time because you can't again, throw.   [00:39:15] A hundred supplements at a person at the same time, people can only take so much. I mean, there are, people are just like, give it all to me. I want it all right now but other people are gonna be like, yeah, that's too much both financially and too much in terms of taking pills. So, you know, I'll, I'll explain to them what, what the different supplements the benefits are and what I think in a good order would probably be for doing it.   [00:39:37] And then diet changes, of course, will be recommended based on. What they've already tried, but I find that by the time people get to me, they're usually already eating some version of a paleo diet, or I do occasionally get people who are plant based and I often have to push them towards getting more protein.   [00:39:54] Somehow mm-hmm, potentially moving towards eating some animal protein or some seafood, just because I can see frequent deficiencies, amino acids when that happens. And, it's also very common to see mental health issues in my clients. So if that's the case, then I'm often. You know, educating them about the amino acids that can bring up serotonin and dopamine.   [00:40:16] And you can see the deficiencies of that  on an organic acid test, or you can see actual levels of the amino acids on the ion profile. And then with autoimmune stuff, then we're also looking at supplements that can help reduce inflammation if we've already addressed gut stuff. So typically we'd go through addressing any kind of gut.   [00:40:36] But then after that, if they're still flaring, then we might look at anti-inflammatory supplements, like, you know, fish oil or SPMS, or I get the name of right off the bat. Oh, alpha glyco, ISO Quatrine Soin BAIC or Cuban. Yeah. Curcumin. Right. Those kind of anti-inflammatory things. So over time, you know, I'll educate them about each kind of supplement and how it might play a role in helping them heal. [00:41:04] and yeah, so I'll ultimately see people over the course of five appointments that might take most of a year and slowly but surely help them restore their health and get them at least to a point of stability. There's no magic cure in terms of autoimmune disease. Not everybody's gonna have the results I did because I caught it early enough and there was not so much damage to my thyroid.   [00:41:25] So. You know, you have a certain amount of damage, and it's not gonna be, you're not gonna reverse it, but you may reduce your medication dosages and you may at least get to a point of stability or potentially if, if the client is interested, get off any kind of, you know, steroid medications or. Other autoimmune prescription medications.   [00:41:46] Yeah. Immunosuppressive drugs. Right. I'm curious to know.    [00:41:49] I mean, we're, we're getting short on time. I'm gonna have to let you go, but I wanna know your thoughts on alcohol, cuz my thoughts are not necessarily popular. So I just want to see where you stand on that with gut health. Well, it is toxic. There's no question about that.   [00:42:05] And it does. Kind of go in and cause some damage to gut bacteria. And if you're having guest right and upper GI issues, for sure. It's definitely not helpful. That being said, I can't say I'm a non-drinker, so I'm not, but generally my clients who are really sick are just not drinking in the first place.   [00:42:26] So I'm not having to tell most of them to stay away from alcohol there, but they've already done it themselves. So obviously you want to stay at the lowest levels. You want to be considered a low level drinker, not a moderate level, which unfortunately for a woman is no more than a drink a day. And for men no more than two, up until 65 than one after 65, if I recall correctly.   [00:42:47] And then the other things is that people wanna say, do we all have to stop eating gluten and cow smoke dairy Lindsey?    [00:42:55] We'll typically recommend cutting out gluten and dairy to everybody for some period of time. Now, if I have a very simple case of SIBO that resolves quickly and easily, and the person says, I don't seem to have any problem with gluten, I cut it out, and I put it back in, and I had no difference.   [00:43:12] Then I won't necessarily say you have to cut out gluten. If you have an autoimmune issue, I'm gonna say gluten's gone for life.   [00:43:20] Yeah. I, I generally would agree with that for sure Lindsey, so much great information that you shared today. I know everybody listening has been like, it's a whirlwind Kyrin, you took her all over the place.   [00:43:31] I know, I know guys, but I wanted you to get a sampling of everything that she has to offer. There's so much more, even on her podcast, the perfect stool, which is an amazing name. And great content. You've had some of the same. Yes. I've had Steve Wright and Dr. Gray SL and they're probably more if I continue to look at it, I did wanna ask you about this before we wrap up, you shared, uh, some quotes that you like before we started with me and I just wanna share this one.   [00:44:01] A calorie is not a calorie. And can you tell everyone what that means to you?   [00:44:04] Absolutely. So, number one, I, before I did this, I was. A, an advocate for healthier school food. And one of the things that we fought the most in that particular battle in Montgomery County, Maryland, was to try and reduce the sugar in school food.   [00:44:22] And I remember sitting at a hearing with the state Senate, trying to get a bill passed, to reduce sugar in school food, and having. Former home EC teacher who was a state Senator said, well, a calorie's just a calorie. And I said, no, it is not. In fact, that is a soda marketing campaign to try and convince you.   [00:44:41] You can just go calories and calories out, just exercise more, and you can drink your Coke every day, which I definitely do not believe. So part of the issue with calories is that they're not metabolized the same. So for example, when you eat protein, 25 to 30% of it is. Of the calories of protein is used up just in digesting the protein.   [00:45:01] Whereas it's, it's a much lower number for carbohydrates and fat. So, you know, something like six to 8% of the carbs are used to digest carbs and two to 3% of the fat. So therefore you're getting a lot more calories from your fat and your carbs. And then. You also have different foods and have that have different impact on the body.   [00:45:20] So for example, fructose versus glucose, glucose can be used by almost all your cells. Fructose is going to your liver and ultimately, mostly being stored as fat. So, you know, that's why the whole thing against high fructose corn syrup, not to say glucose is good, but just to say that, that they impact your body differently.   [00:45:37] And then of course you have fiber. So, you know, if you eat a hundred calories of almonds versus a hundred calories of soda, That impacts your body in a completely different way because the almonds have healthy fats, and they have fiber, and that is gonna slow down the absorption of the calories of any sugars, et cetera, that are in the food when you're eating fiber.   [00:45:59] So it just makes a complete difference in which kinds of foods you're eating. A calorie is not a calorie. It's so true.    [00:46:04] And I, I really love to help people understand that a lot of people believe the food that they eat is only about calories. And it's speaking to your system on so many levels. Right.   [00:46:17] Mm-hmm, in so many languages at one time. It's like they're having this international language conference. It's speaking because of its bio force. It's life force, it's PR it's Chi, whatever you want to call it, it's speaking nutrition, right? Certain vitamins, which are not present in soda and in the almonds are of course speaking the fiber language, right.   [00:46:39] Or it's not speaking fiber language. And so about so much more than macronutrients, which are calories. It's about micronutrients, energetic nutrients. And I think that goes to the other quote that you shared with me that I love. I'd rather pay for healthy food now than healthcare later. So one of people's biggest objections to doing this type of work is eating, trying to eat healthy and particularly organic.   [00:47:07] And so talk a little bit about that and then we'll go ahead and wrap up.   [00:47:09] Oh, I just have, I've been of the philosophy since I have tried to turn around my health, that that indeed it is worth it to pay for more expensive organic foods and in particular, and this is a lot of people, they, they think, well, I, I mostly buy organic vegetables and I say, do you eat Pasteur raised meats?   [00:47:29] How about your dairy products? Are they pasture raised? So I don't, I, the only dairy I. Is butter and GE. And so I make sure that those products and, and I know it cost $4 more, a pound for pasture raise butter, but I get it because that's where all the toxins from the body settle into your fat.    [00:47:54] So if you want to maximize your, you know, or minimize your consumption of toxins, then you definitely wanna look for high quality meat and wild cut seafood and that kind of thing not. And then of course, low mercury seafood at that. When you're looking for your animal products, cuz the animals, you know, you think about everything else. It's the build up the entire environment and the plants that builds into the  animal and the protein and the fat.   [00:48:10] So true.    [00:48:14] Thank you so much, Lindsey for joining us today, Lindsey Parsons, we are gonna have links in the show notes. You've got a free E booklet available on your website, finding your root cause through stool and organic acids testing. So I'll have a link over to that.   [00:48:29] We'll have a link to the 30 minute breakthrough session that people can do by phone or video chat. We'll have a link to the podcast also that you definitely wanna check out if you're interested in your health and healing from a root cause. Gut is a huge part of that. So you want to go there and check out the perfect stool so you can have the perfect stool and thanks so much for joining me today.   [00:48:53] Any last words you'd like to leave everybody?    [00:48:54] No, I just wanna thank you so much for bringing me on and for checking out my podcast and recommending it. I really appreciate it.    [00:49:02] It is absolutely my pleasure to have you here, and thank you all for listening today. Thanks for spending a little bit of your day with us.   [00:49:10] Hopefully you have learned something today that you can put into action. This is all about taking action to move your. To the brilliance that it can be. I thank you for joining me, and I'll see you next week until then peace, love and hormones. Y'all thank you so much for listening. I know that incredible vitality occurs for women over 40.   [00:49:32] When we learn to speak hormone and balance these vital regulators to create the health and life that we. If you're enjoying this podcast, I'd love it. If you give me a review and subscribe, it really does help this podcast out so much. You can visit the hormone prescription.com, where we have some free gifts for you, and you can sign up to have a hormone evaluation with me on the podcast to gain clarity into your personal situation until next time.   [00:50:02] Remember, small steps each day to balance your hormones and watch the wonderful changes in your health that begin to unfold for you. Talk to you soon.   Get Lindsey Parsons's free e-booklet: “Finding Your Root Cause Through Stool and Organic Acids Testing.” https://highdeserthealthcoaching.com/newsletter/   30 Minute Breakthrough Session with Lindsey Parsons - by phone or video chat https://calendly.com/highdeserthealth/30-minute-breakthrough-session-by-phone-or-vi-clone   Feeling tired? Can't seem to lose weight, no matter how hard you try? It might be time to check your hormones.   Most people don't even know that their hormones could be the culprit behind their problems. But at Her Hormone Club, we specialize in hormone testing and treatment. We can help you figure out what's going on with your hormones and get you back on track.   We offer advanced hormone testing and treatment from Board Certified Practitioners, so you can feel confident that you're getting the best possible care. Plus, our convenient online consultation process makes it easy to get started.   Try Her Hormone Club for 30 days and see how it can help you feel better than before. CLICK HERE to sign up: https://www.herhormoneclub.com/  

Here we are with part three of the Stories from the Badwater 135, we've got Ted Williamson, Dawn Lisenby, and Alexia Garcia of the Florida Nine! This year both Ted and Dawn had their ups and downs... Ted battled it out to mile 90 with Dawn making it to mile 42 on the "World's Toughest Footrace." Alexis Garcia got that belt buckle finishing with a time of 46:35:36! He shares his story from the course and his journey of coming the United States. Alexis is also the first-ever Cuban-American to ever finish the Badwater 135! Ted Williamson has ran Badwater in 2019 when he placed 77th with a time of 46:41:44. He's done races like the Long Haul 100, Wildcat 100, Javelina Jundred 100, and Comrades. He's also done the Badwater - Cape Fear and the Croom Zoom. Dawn Lisenby is a coach and a fantastic Race Director here in Florida. She's completed races like the Keys 100, Lake to Ocean, the Grindstone 100, Ancient Oaks 100, Long Haul 100, and the Daytona 100. She's run the original distance of 146 miles to the top of Mount Whitney, the tallest mountain in the contiguous 48 states with an elevation of 14,505 feet. Alexis Garcia has competed the Keys 100, Daytona 100, the Pistol 100, Miami 100, and the Yellowstone-Tetan 100. Being a four-time Keys 100, he has certainly endured the roads and heat. He also has a documentary called the "Run Across Cuba." His level of gratitude for his life and the opportunity of American freedom is truly inspiring. A true light of Cuban spirit!

SHOUT OUTS  Thanks to all our patrons and everyone in the Runcation Nation for your support and encouragement. Because of you, we have been able to keep the show going over the last two years, and now that the races are returning, we look forward to meeting up with you, too! For anyone who would like a shoutout on the show, please don't forget to send them to us. We do our best to collect shoutouts throughout the week, but please send them our way! Please send them to info@runeatdrink.net or call 941-677-2733! Thank you to Joanne Blatchley, Associate Producer of our show.   Thank you to Josh Ozbirn, Executive Producer of the podcast, too! We couldn't do it without you. Become a patron if you'd like more of the Run Eat Drink Podcast, including bonus content and early access to episodes! Go to www.patreon.com/runeatdrinkpodcast to find out more. EAT Cigar City Brewing was the first brewery we featured on our show five years ago. Since National Chicken Wing Day is today, we are bringing you a VIDEO Quick Bite of some unique wings from Cigar City Brewing's food menu. This dish has been a most welcome addition. Five years ago, when we first visited, they did not have a food menu! They have expanded their taproom and created a great menu to pair with their flavorful brews. Today, we present a dish we hope to recreate one day: Cuban Buffalo Wings. A yummy way to celebrate this day! THAT'S A WRAP! Thank you for listening! We look forward to YEAR NUMBER 6 of the podcast because of your support! Don't forget to follow us and tell us where to find you next on our website, Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter. Also, check out our store on the website and get some swag, thanks to Pure Creative Apparel. Thanks to PodcastMusic.com for providing the music for this episode, too!

www.patreon.com/accidentaldads for bonus content and to support the show AND The Save The Music Foundation!   Top police stings   A sting operation is a deceitful operation used by law enforcement to apprehend criminals in the act of trying to commit a crime. In order to obtain proof of a suspect's misconduct, a typical sting involves an undercover law enforcement officer, investigator, or cooperative member of the public acting as a criminal partner or prospective victim and cooperating with a suspect's activities. Journalists for the mass media occasionally use sting operations to film and disseminate footage of illegal conduct.   Sting procedures are prevalent in many nations, including the United States, but are prohibited in others, like Sweden and France. Certain sting operations are prohibited, such as those carried out in the Philippines where it is against the law for police enforcement to act as drug traffickers in order to catch purchasers of illegal substances.   Examples   Offering free sports or airline tickets to lure fugitives out of hiding. Deploying a bait car (also called a honey trap) to catch a car thief Setting up a seemingly vulnerable honeypot computer to lure and gain information about hackers Arranging for someone under the legal drinking age to ask an adult to buy an alcoholic beverage or tobacco products for them Passing off weapons or explosives (whether fake or real), to a would-be terrorist Posing as: someone who is seeking illegal drugs, contraband, or child pornography, to catch a supplier (or as a supplier to catch a customer) a child in a chat room to identify a potential online child predator a potential customer of illegal prostitution, or as a prostitute to catch a would-be customer a hitman to catch customers and solicitors of murder-for-hire; or as a customer to catch a hitman a spectator of an illegal dogfighting ring a documentary film crew to lure a pirate to the country where a crime was committed.   Whether sting operations constitute entrapment raises ethical questions. Law enforcement might have to be careful not to incite someone who wouldn't have otherwise committed a crime to do so. Additionally, while conducting such operations, the police frequently commit the same crimes, like purchasing or selling narcotics, enticing prostitutes, etc. The defendant may raise the entrapment defense in common law jurisdictions.   Contrary to common belief, however, laws against entrapment do not forbid undercover police personnel from pretending to be criminals or deny that they are police officers. Entrapment is normally only a defense when suspects are coerced into confessing to a crime they probably would not have otherwise committed. However, the legal meaning of this coercion differs widely from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Entrapment might be used as a defense, for instance, if undercover agents forced a possible suspect to manufacture illicit narcotics in order to sell them. Entrapment has often not taken place if a suspect is already producing narcotics and authorities pretend as purchasers to apprehend them.   Operation Entebbe The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) commandos successfully carried out Operation Entebbe or Operation Thunderbolt, a counterterrorism hostage-rescue mission, at Entebbe Airport in Uganda on July 4, 1976. A week earlier, on June 27, two members of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine - External Operations (PFLP-EO) (who had previously split from the PFLP of George Habash) and two members of the German Revolutionary Cells hijacked an Air France Airbus A300 jet airliner carrying 248 passengers. The declared goal of the hijackers was to trade the hostages for the release of 13 detainees in four other countries and the release of 40 Palestinian terrorists and related prisoners who were detained in Israel. The flight, which had left Tel Aviv for Paris, was rerouted after a stopover in Athens through Benghazi to Entebbe, the country of Uganda's principal airport. The ruler Idi Amin, who had been made aware of the hijacking from the start[10], encouraged the hijackers and personally greeted them. The hijackers confined all Israelis and a few non-Israeli Jews into a separate room after transferring all captives from the plane to a deserted airport facility.  148 captives who were not Israelis were freed and taken to Paris over the course of the next two days. Ninety-four passengers—mostly Israelis—and the 12-person Air France crew were held captive and threatened with execution.  Based on information from the Israeli intelligence service Mossad, the IDF took action. If the demands for the release of the prisoners were not granted, the hijackers threatened to murder the hostages. The preparation of the rescue effort was prompted by this threat. These strategies included getting ready for armed opposition from the Uganda Army. It was a nighttime operation. For the rescue mission, Israeli transport planes flew 100 commandos to Uganda over a distance of 4,000 kilometers (2,500 miles). The operation took 90 minutes to complete after a week of planning. Out of the 106 captives still held, 102 were freed, and three were murdered. In a hospital, the second captive was later slain. Lt. Col. Yonatan Netanyahu, the unit leader, was one of the five injured Israeli commandos. Netanyahu was Benjamin Netanyahu's elder sibling and the future Israeli prime minister. Eleven Soviet-built MiG-17s and MiG-21s of the Ugandan air force were destroyed, and all five hijackers and forty-five Ugandan troops were killed. Idi Amin gave the command to attack and kill Kenyans living in Uganda after the operation because Kenyan sources supported Israel. 245 Kenyans in Uganda were killed as a consequence, and 3,000 left the nation. In honor of Yonatan Netanyahu, the commander of the force, Operation Entebbe, which had the military codename Operation Thunderbolt, is occasionally referred to retroactively as Operation Jonathan.   Operation Valkyrie Senior Nazi military officers and Adolf Hitler convened in the Wolf's Lair in Rastenburg, Eastern Prussia, on July 20, 1944. Hitler's body was discovered scattered across the table as the Nazi military chiefs sat down to plan troop deployments on the Eastern Front when an explosion burst through the steamy meeting room. With the Führer's death, the Nazi threat to Europe could have been lifted. or so it seems at first.   Claus von Stauffenberg and his accomplices believed they had turned the course of World War II and maybe saved thousands of extra lives for a brief period of time in history. The July Plot, also known as Operation Valkyrie, was the most famous attempt to have Hitler killed, although it was ultimately unsuccessful for a variety of reasons, some of which are still unknown to this day. The July Plot Is Hatched Many Germans, including some of the country's top military figures, had begun to lose faith in Germany's ability to win the war by the summer of 1944. Hitler was widely held responsible for ruining Germany. The Wolfsschanze was one of Hitler's military headquarters. A number of prominent politicians and senior military figures devised a plan to murder the Führer by detonating a bomb at a conference there in order to spark political unification and a coup. Operation Valkyrie was the name of the strategy. The plan was that after Hitler's death, the military would assert that the murder was the result of a Nazi Party coup attempt, and the Reserve Army would take significant buildings in Berlin and detain senior Nazi figures. Carl Friedrich Goerdeler would become Germany's new chancellor, and Ludwig Beck would become its first president. The new administration wanted to negotiate a peaceful conclusion to the war, ideally with benefits for Germany. The main conspirators' motives varied, according to Philipp Freiherr Von Boeselager, one of the last remaining participants in the July Plot. Many of them only saw it as a means of avoiding military defeat, while others hoped to at least partially restore some of the nation's morals. They chose Claus von Stauffenberg, a young colonel in the German army, to carry out the assassination. Despite not being a member of the Nazi party in the traditional sense, Stauffenberg was a devoted German patriot. In the end, he came to think that if Germany was to be saved, it was his patriotic duty to expel Adolf Hitler. Hitler, though, had experienced assassination attempts before. Assassination attempts against Hitler had been more frequent since his spectacular ascent to the top of Germany's political scene in the late 1930s. Hitler, who was becoming more and more paranoid, frequently altered his plans without warning and at the last minute. What Went Wrong Stauffenberg entered the bunker at Wolfsschanze on July 20, 1944. The conference was planned to take place in a concrete, windowless subterranean bunker that was closed off by a large steel door. By making sure it happened within one of these facilities, the detonation would be confined and anyone nearby the explosive device would die quickly from the shrapnel. The conference was moved to an above-ground wooden bunker with better air circulation on July 20 due to the oppressively hot weather, according to Pierre Galante's Operation Valkyrie: The German Generals' Plot Against Hitler. Numerous windows, a wooden table, and other beautiful furniture were all present in the area, which meant that the potential explosion would be much diminished since the energy of the blast would be absorbed and diffused. Stauffenberg was aware that this was the case, but he nonetheless proceeded, assuming that two explosives would be sufficient to destroy the room and kill everyone within. Stauffenberg excused himself when he arrived, saying that he needed to change his clothing, and went to a private room. The two explosives needed to be armed and primed. However, he only had time to arm one of the two devices due to an unexpected phone call and a quick knock at his door. Thus, the possibility of a greater blast was cut in half. Stauffenberg realized that in order to cause any kind of harm, the explosive device needed to be placed as near to Hitler as possible. He was able to get a seat as near to Hitler as possible with only one other person between them by claiming that his hearing was impaired due to his wounds. Placing the bag as near to Hitler as possible, Stauffenberg then left the room pretending to take a personal call. The briefcase was accidentally shifted to the opposite side of a large wooden leg that was supporting the meeting room table as another official was taking a seat. The Aftermath Panic broke out after the device exploded at precisely 12:42 pm. Twenty individuals were hurt, including three cops who subsequently died from their injuries, and a stenographer was instantaneously murdered. Stauffenberg and his assistant Werner von Haeften leapt into a staff car and bluffed their way past three different military checkpoints to flee the mayhem at the Wolfsschanze complex because they believed that Hitler was indeed dead. Hitler, however, along with everyone else who was protected by the large wooden table leg, only suffered a few minor cuts and an eardrum perforation. He had fully torn-up pants, and the Nazi leadership would subsequently utilize pictures of them in a propaganda effort. Ian Kershaw, a historian, claims that during the explosion, contradictory news concerning Hitler's fate came. In spite of the disarray, the Reserve Army started detaining senior Nazi officials in Berlin. The entire scheme, however, was eventually thwarted by delays, unclear communication, and the announcement that Hitler was still alive. The conspirators were all given the death penalty in a hastily called court martial the same evening by General Friedrich Fromm. In the courtyard of the Bendlerblock, a makeshift firing squad murdered Stauffenberg, von Haeften, Olbricht, and another officer, Albrecht Mertz von Quirnheim, while Ludwig Beck committed himself. At Berlin's Plötzensee jail, Berthold Stauffenberg was gently strangled while the incident was being recorded for Hitler to see. Hitler's life was ultimately saved that day by a number of interrelated reasons, but the conspirators were right that Germany was headed for disaster. Less than a year later, the Nazi leader and his closest advisers committed suicide. Operation Iceman Ever wonder what its like working undercover with an alleged murderer? Well, let's just say it's not hard to get a stuffy nose around this case… In fact, serial killer Richard Kuklinski's preferred method of murder involved using a nasal spray bottle to spritz cyanide into the faces of his victims. As a result, undercover agent Dominick Polifrone was never more on guard than during the 18 months he spent building a case against the so-called Iceman. “No matter where I went with him, I wore this leather jacket with a pocket sewn inside containing a small-caliber weapon,” recalls Polifrone, who gained his target's confidence and taped dozens of their conversations. “I knew that I was somewhere on his hit list. If he'd pulled out that nasal spray, I'd have to protect myself.” The streetwise New Jersey officer acquired enough proof before Kuklinski had suspicions, preventing that situation from occurring. Finally, the enormous 6-foot-4 gangland killer was apprehended thanks to his evidence. “I've met hundreds of bad guys, but Kuklinski was a totally different type of individual,” he tells The Post. “He was coldhearted — ice-cold like the devil. He had no remorse about anything.”  Kuklinski was captured by Polifrone in a combined operation between the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms and the office of the New Jersey attorney general. The criminal, who was a leading suspect in the murder of a mobster whose body was found two years after his disappearance, was posing as a respectable businessman residing in suburban Dumont, New Jersey. The reason the medical examiners discovered ice in the muscle tissue was because Kuklinski, who earned his notoriety for frequently freezing the bodies of his victims and then defrosting them, erred that time. Police made an indirect connection between the deceased man and Kuklinski, who was charged with a number of previous homicides.  “We had to get something nobody knew,” recalls Polifrone. The sting only appears briefly on screen in the film. In order to gain Kuklinski's trust, Polifrone, a resident of Hackensack, New Jersey, pretended to be a "bad person" for a whole year and a half. They met in parks and rest areas along highways and discussed the horrific killings Kuklinski had carried out, including a Mafia hit in Detroit for which he was paid $65,000. Additionally, there were "statement killings." To put a dead canary in the mouth of a victim as a warning to other victims, one mafia leader paid him extra. Another occasion, Kuklinski made light of the fact that he saw a gang member consume an entire cheeseburger laced with cyanide before passing away while joking with Polifrone. Recalls the cop: “He told me that cyanide normally works real quick and easy, but that ‘this guy has the constitution of a God damn ox, and is just eating and eating.  “He said he almost ate the whole burger and then, bam, he's down!” Polifrone knew exactly how to play his role. “I laughed, of course,” he shrugs. “That's what bad guys do.”  Paradoxically, Kuklinski was a committed family man. He led a Jekyll-and-Hyde existence.  “He never socialized, gambled or messed around with other women,” adds Polifrone. “He lived for his wife and kids.” One minute he'd be repairing his daughters' toys, the next, dismembering a body with a chain saw and stuffing it into an oil drum. “He would come home and completely shut off this murderous component and seek security and love from his family,” says “Iceman” director Vromen. “He fulfilled the need to provide for them by killing.” Polifrone finally nailed Kuklinski after tricking him into buying what he thought was pure cyanide. A team of feds and ATF officers arrested him in December 1986. Twenty-eight years later, he reflects on the man who died, apparently of natural causes, in Trenton Prison in 2006 at age 70. Eyebrows were raised because he was due to appear as a witness at the trial of a Gambino family underboss. “I hope he died a slow death because of what he did to families and individuals,” concludes Polifrone. “He had no mercy. And if it was foul play, that's OK with me.” So let's talk about some controversial sting operations you may or may not have heard of.   ACORN Sting   Association of Community Organizations for Reform Now is known as ACORN. ACORN was a group of neighborhood-based organizations in the US that supported low- and middle-income families. They also offered details on affordable housing and voter registration. James O'Keefe and Hannah Giles, two young conservative activists, published recordings that had been edited with care in 2009. The two pretended to be a pimp and a prostitute before using a hidden camera to get unflattering answers from ACORN workers that seemed to give them advice on how to hide their prostitution business and avoid paying taxes.The plea for assistance in obtaining funding for a brothel didn't appear to deter the ACORN employees either. This sparked a national debate and led to a reduction in financing from public and private sources. ACORN declared on March 22, 2010, that it was disbanding and shutting all of its connected state chapters as a result of declining funding. Interesting fact: On January 25, 2010, James O'Keefe and three other people were detained on felony charges for allegedly tampering with the phones at Democratic Senator Mary Landrieu's office in New Orleans. O'Keefe stated that he was looking into claims that Landrieu's staff had dismissed constituent phone calls over the health care issue. O'Keefe recorded the action as they pretended to be telephone repairmen.In the end, they were accused with breaking into a government building under false pretenses, a misdemeanor. Following his admission of guilt, O'Keefe received a three-year probationary period, 100 hours of community service, and a $1,500 fine.   Operation West End The largest undercover news story in Indian journalism has been described like this. In order to expose the alleged culture of bribery inside the Indian Ministry of Defense, a well-known newspaper from India by the name of Tehelka—which translates as "sensation" in Hindi—started its first significant undercover operation, "Operation West End" in 2001. Two reporters from the publication pretended to be London-based armaments dealers from a fake firm. In the undercover film, numerous politicians and defense officials are shown discussing and accepting bribes in exchange for assisting them in obtaining government contracts, including Bangaru Laxman, secretary of the ruling BJP party. Laxman and Military Minister George Fernandes (shown above) resigned following the release of the tapes, and a number of other defense ministry employees were placed on administrative leave.   Interesting Fact: Instead of initially acting on the evidence from the sting operation, the Indian government accused the newspaper of fabricating the allegations. The main financial backers of Tehelka were made targets of investigations, and the newspaper company was almost ruined. In 2003, Tehelka was re-launched as a weekly newspaper, and was funded by faithful subscribers and other well-wishers. In 2007, Tehelka shifted to a regular magazine format.   Senator Larry Craig On June 11, 2007, an undercover police officer conducting a sting operation targeting males cruising for sex at the Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport detained Idaho Senator Larry Craig. Sgt. Dave Karsnia, the arresting officer, claimed that just after noon, the suspect entered a restroom and shut the door. Craig then moved into the stall next to him and propped his suitcase up against the stall door's front. By obscuring the front view, this is frequently done in an effort to hide sexual activity. Several minutes later, the officer claimed to have noticed Craig looking into his stall through a gap, tapping his right foot repeatedly, then moving it till it brushed Karsnia's. Craig then passed his hand under the stall divider into Karsnia's stall with his palm up and guided it along the divider toward the front of the stall three times. Karsnia then waved his badge back, to which the senator responded, “No!” The senator pleaded guilty to disorderly conduct and paid a fine, but changed his mind after word of his arrest later became public. Craig claimed he just had a “wide stance”, and he only pleaded guilty to avoid a spectacle.An appeals court rejected his request to change his mind about entering a guilty plea. Craig completed his time in the Senate but was unable to have his case dismissed by the Senate Ethics Committee. Craig departed office on January 3, 2009, having not to run for reelection in 2008. Fascinating Fact: Soon after Craig was arrested, the men's room started to resemble a tourist destination, with people coming to seek directions and take photographs. Even restroom tissue may be purchased on eBay. Listen to the conversation between Senator Craig and Sgt. Karsnia immediately following the arrest here.   7 Sarah Ferguson was victimized by Mazher Mahmood, a reporter for the tabloid daily "News of the World," in May 2010. In order to set up a meeting with Ferguson, Mahmood pretended to be a wealthy international businessman. The Duchess, who was discreetly recorded throughout the encounter, offered to connect the "tycoon" with Prince Andrew's influential inner circle. "500,000 pounds when you can, to me, open doors," Sarah Ferguson is heard saying on the video. She may also be seen removing a briefcase that is holding $40,000 in cash. After the event was reported, Ferguson's spokesman claimed she was both "devastated" and "regretful." She said that she had been drinking before asking for the money and was "in the gutter at that point" in an interview with Oprah Winfrey. Mazher Mahmood, the guy who pretended to be the tycoon, is referred to as the "Fake Sheikh" and has conned several famous people. No one is certain if that is his true name or what his real history is since he likes to make things as mysterious as possible. The journalist denies ever allowing his face to appear in any of his pieces and claims to have received several death threats. He also avoids public appearances.   Bait Cars The Minneapolis Police Department employed the first bait cars in the 1990s. The largest bait car fleet in North America is now situated in Surrey, British Columbia, which is widely regarded as the continent's "auto theft capital." The cars are carefully modified, equipped with GPS tracking equipment, audio/video surveillance, and an engine-disabling remote control. It has helped to lower car theft by 47% when it was introduced in Surrey, British Columbia, in 2004. In one of the more contentious bait vehicle stings, a lady was murdered nearly instantaneously after a robber driving a bait car drove into her in Dallas, Texas, in 2008. To resolve the litigation, $245,000 was given to the victim's family. Fact: The key to determining whether police are utilizing a bait car improperly and would result in entrapment is if they left it in a way that would tempt someone who would not ordinarily commit a crime. Here, you can view one of the more eye-catching (to put it mildly) bait vehicle stings. Many others will undoubtedly have the same thoughts as I had. “Where the heck was the kill switch?”   Marion Barry A well-known politician and former mayor of Washington, D.C., Marion Barry. Police were going to conduct an undercover narcotics transaction with former Virgin Islands official Charles Lewis on December 22, 1988, but they were turned back when they discovered Mayor Marion Barry was in Lewis's hotel room. This prompted a grand jury inquiry into potential mayor meddling in the narcotics probe. Barry testified for three hours in front of the grand jury before telling reporters he had done nothing wrong. Then, on January 18, 1990, Barry was arrested in a Washington, D.C. hotel after using crack cocaine in a room with his former girlfriend, who had turned informant for the FBI. This was the result of a sting operation put up by the FBI and D.C. Police. Barry said the now-famous phrase, "Bitch set me up," which has come to be linked with him. Following his arrest and subsequent trial, Barry made the decision not to run for mayor again. He was charged with 14 charges by a grand jury, including suspected grand jury perjury. The mayor could have spent 26 years in prison if found guilty on all 14 counts. Barry was only given a six-month prison term after the jury found him guilty of using cocaine. Barry campaigned for municipal council after being let out of prison. He garnered 70% of the vote due to his widespread popularity and the perception held by many that Marion Barry was the target of a political witch hunt by the government. Then, in 1995, Barry won a fourth term as mayor of Washington, D.C. Barry is currently back in his position on the D.C. city council. Regardless of your opinion on Marion Barry, you have to respect his perseverance and drive to help the people of Washington, D.C. The aforementioned occurrence is only a small portion of his remarkable life. A documentary titled "The Nine Lives of Marion Barry" was produced by HBO.    Joran Van der Sloot Dutch national Joran Van der Sloot is a key suspect in the case of Natalee Holloway, who vanished on May 30, 2005, while traveling to Aruba to celebrate her high school graduation. On March 29, 2010, Van der Sloot got in touch with Beth Twitty Holloway's mother's attorney John Q. Kelly, reviving the case. Van der Sloot promised to provide details about Holloway's demise and the whereabouts of her remains in exchange for a total of $250,000 with a $25,000 down payment. After Kelly and Twitty made contact with Alabama law enforcement, the FBI launched a sting operation. On May 10, Van der Sloot accepted a wire transfer of $15,000 to his Dutch bank account along with an additional cash payment of $10,000. He drove Kelly to the location of Holloway's remains in exchange for the cash. He indicated a home, saying that his father had assisted in burying the body in the foundation. The home had not yet been constructed when Holloway vanished, therefore this turned out to be untrue. Later, Van der Sloot informed Kelly through email that the entire incident was a fraud. At this point, police might have detained Van der Sloot for wire fraud and extortion, but they chose to wait while they worked to establish a case of murder against him. Van der Sloot was not only let free, he was also given permission to depart Aruba and travel to Bogotá, Colombia, and then Lima, Peru, with the money he had made from the operation. He met Stephany Flores Ramirez, a 21-year-old University of Lima business student, in a casino hotel in the city. Ramirez and Van der Sloot are seen entering a hotel room together on security footage, but only Van der Sloot is seen exiting. On June 2, Ramirez was discovered dead in the hotel room that Van der Sloot had booked, her neck broken and she had been battered to death. On May 30, 2010, precisely five years after Natalee Holloway vanished, Ramirez passed away. A person arrested Van der Sloot He admitted to the murder on June 3 and June 7. Fascinating fact: Van der Sloot is presently detained at Peru's Miguel Castro jail, where murder charges have been brought. He apparently now claims that if he is permitted to move to a jail in Aruba, he would tell the whereabouts of Natalee Holloway's remains.   Perverted Justice Stings Perverted-Justice is a group that uses volunteers to masquerade as juveniles online, often between the ages of 10-15, and wait for an adult to message or email the decoy back. If the topic becomes sexual, they won't actively reject it or support it. Then, in order to set up a meeting, they will attempt to identify the males by acquiring their phone numbers and other information. The group then provides law enforcement with the information. Additionally, Perverted-Justice has worked with the American reality show "To Catch a Predator." In Murphy, Texas, one of the more contentious instances took place in 2006. Louis Conradt (seen above), a district attorney in Texas, pretended to be a 19-year-old college student and had sexually explicit internet conversations with a person he thought was a 13-year-old kid. They hired an actress to portray the youngster on the phone when Conradt demanded images of the boy's genitalia. Conradt stopped returning phone calls and instant messages, so police and the reality program decided to conduct a search warrant operation at his residence. A gunshot was heard as the police entered the scene to make an arrest. Conradt was inside with a self-inflicted wound when they arrived, and he eventually passed away at a hospital. 23 people were taken into custody for online solicitation of minors as a consequence of the sting operation in Murphy, Texas. Due to inadequate evidence, none of the 23 instances were prosecuted as of June 2007. Conradt's family launched a $105 million lawsuit against Dateline's To Catch a Predator series. The dispute was ultimately resolved outside of court. All next episodes' development was halted by the network in 2008. Rachel Hoffman On February 22, 2007, a traffic stop in Tallahassee, Florida, resulted in Rachel Hoffman being found in possession of 25 grams of marijuana. Then, on April 17, 2008, police searched her flat and found 4 ecstasy tablets and 151.7 grams of marijuana. Police allegedly threatened to put her in jail unless she worked as an undercover informant for them, according to her account. She was then dispatched untrained to an undercover gathering to purchase a weapon and a significant quantity of narcotics from two alleged drug traffickers. The suspects relocated the drug purchase while she was there. When she departed the buy place in the car with the two suspects, the police officers who were keeping an eye on the sting lost sight of her. The identical gun she was intended to purchase was used to kill her by the two suspects while they were in motion. Two days later, her corpse was discovered close to Perry, Florida. One of the murder suspects was convicted of first-degree murder and given a life sentence without the possibility of parole on December 17, 2009, which would have been Rachel Hoffman's 25th birthday. Trial for the second murder suspect is set for October 2010. Interesting Fact: On May 7, 2009, a law called “Rachel's Law” was passed by the Florida State Senate. Rachel's Law requires law enforcement agencies to (a) provide special training for officers who recruit confidential informants, (b) instruct informants that reduced sentences may not be provided in exchange for their work, and (c) permit informants to request a lawyer if they want one.    Mr. Big The Royal Canadian Mounted Police created Mr. Big, sometimes known as "the Canadian method," in the early 1990s in response to unsolved killings. It is employed in Canada and Australia, but many other nations, like the United States and England, view it as entrapment. The technique works something like this: An undercover police unit poses as members of a fictitious gang, into which the suspect is inducted. The suspect is invited to participate in a series of criminal activities (all faked by the police). In addition, the “gang members” build a personal relationship with the suspect, by drinking together and other social activities. After some time, the gang boss, Mr. Big, is presented to him. The police have a fresh interest in the first crime, and the suspect is instructed to provide the gang with further information. They clarify that Mr. Big might be able to affect the course of the police investigation, but only if he confesses to the full extent of the crime. He is also warned that if he conceals any other previous offenses, the gang could decide against working with him in the future since he would be a burden. The Royal Canadian Mounted Police are shown in the picture above carrying the hats of the four officers who were killed in Edmonton, Canada, in 2005 at a memorial service. Two of the men serving prison sentences for the murders made confessions to Mr. Big operatives.Interesting Fact: In British Columbia, the technique has been used over 180 times, and, in 80% of the cases, it resulted in either a confession or the elimination of the suspect from suspicion. However, cases of false confessions and wrongful convictions have recently come to the public's attention, and many are starting to question the controversial technique. In 2007, a documentary was made, called Mr. Big, that was very critical of the procedure.   You can't talk about undercover operations without talking about the mob. Here are five badasses who infiltrated the mob.   In law enforcement, working as an undercover officer carries the high risk of discovery by criminal suspects, leading to violence, torture and death. But the rewards can be huge, with wire recordings and eyewitness testimony that can result in arrests and convictions. A trained officer knows how to strategize, win the confidence of their targets and get them to reveal what's needed to build a case to take to trial. It requires an unusual kind of person, able to work under stress, stay focused, pull off the character he or she is playing and be prepared to tell many lies. What follows here is a list of five remarkable individuals whose undercover operations, despite real dangers, resulted in the convictions of leaders and associates of organized crime, over almost a century. This list leaves out many other famous undercover officers, whom we would like to recognize in the future. Perhaps because of the gravity of the investigations, and the financial resources required, all of these undercover officers worked for agencies of the U.S. government. MICHAEL MALONE Mike Malone worked undercover for the Treasury Department's Intelligence Unit. In the late 1920s, he infiltrated Al Capone's Chicago Outfit and helped convict the crime boss of tax evasion. Michael Malone had all the makings of an undercover agent who would successfully infiltrate Al Capone's Chicago gang for nearly two years. Malone, whose parents came over from Ireland, grew up in New Jersey and meshed well with its European immigrants, eventually learning to speak Gaelic, Italian, Yiddish and Greek. With his “black Irish” dark hair and skin, he resembled someone from southern Europe. After finessing his way into Capone's inner circle in 1929, Malone proved invaluable to his superiors in the Treasury Department pursuing a tax evasion case against the Chicago crime boss. Despite the danger, Malone kept an iron will. Blowing his cover would have proved fatal. But given his skills, it didn't happen. While Malone kept up the charade, he delivered information that proved incriminating not only for Capone, but for his top enforcer, Frank Nitti (aka Nitto). Malone remained disguised within Capone's bootlegging band even for a time after the feds filed tax charges against Capone, Nitti and Capone's brother, Ralph, in 1931. When Capone's jury trial commenced, and the Treasury Department removed Malone from his undercover job, the agent gained a bit of respect from the embarrassed gang chief himself. In the Chicago courthouse, Malone happened to enter an elevator where Capone stood with his defense lawyers. “The only thing that fooled me was your looks,” Capone is said as to have remarked to Malone. “You look like a Wop. You took your chances, and I took mine. I lost.” From 1929 to 1931, Malone fed intelligence about Capone that would culminate in the historic conviction of the nation's most notorious Mob boss. His fascinating story began after his service in World War I. With law enforcement his career goal, Malone joined the Treasury Department's Intelligence Unit later known as the “T-Men.” Early on, in the 1920s, Malone appreciated how donning disguises brought him closer to the suspects. He posed in everyman roles such as garbage man and shoe shiner. Elmer Irey, chief of the Intelligence Unit, had worked with undercover agent Malone on Prohibition cases. Once, Irey enlisted Malone to smash a West Coast version of “Rum Row,” rumrunners selling contraband Canadian liquor from ships off the coast of San Francisco. Malone posed as gangster from Chicago in hiding, with money to invest in illegal booze. He devised a nighttime sting operation. Agents posing as bootleggers drove speedboats out to the booze-laden mother ship and, after money changed hands, Malone fired off a flare, signaling the U.S. Coast Guard, which boarded the mother ship and arrested the astonished bootleggers. President Herbert Hoover entered office in March 1929, a few weeks following the infamous St. Valentine's Day Massacre in Chicago, where seven men associated with Capone's bitter rival in bootlegging, George “Bugs” Moran, died in gunfire. Hoover conferred with Irey and urged him to compile a team of special agents to “get Capone” on tax charges. Meanwhile, another team of Prohibition Unit agents in Chicago, headed by Eliot Ness, would attack Capone on violations of federal liquor laws under the Volstead Act. Irey appointed Special Agent Frank Wilson, Malone and several others to the get Capone team. Meanwhile, a group of wealthy business executives in Chicago, called the Secret Six, donated large sums of money for expenses to assist the feds in getting Capone. Malone used their largess to purchase some expensive clothing to look the part of a well-heeled hoodlum that Capone would envy. Malone set about infiltrating Capone's underworld at its core – the Lexington Hotel, where the boss and his men lived. Wearing a fancy suit, purple shirt and white hat, Malone sat in the lobby, reading newspapers for days on end. He spoke in an Italian accent, introduced himself as “Mike Lepito,” met Capone men playing craps and played the part of a mobster. He mailed letters to friends in Philadelphia, who wrote back. Capone's guys broke into his room, noted his pricey checkered suits and silk underwear. They opened his mail from Philadelphia, read the letters written, impressively, in underworld lingo they understood. They informed Capone. Finally, Capone sent a cohort down to the lobby to ask “Lepito” about his business in town. “Keeping quiet,” Malone replied in his Italian inflection. In the coming days, over drinks, Malone told the guy he was on the lam for burglary in Philadelphia. That got Malone invitations to play poker and trade gossip with the gang, then dinner at their hangout, the New Florence, and then to attend the birthday party Capone planned for Frank Nitti at the Lexington. Malone met Capone at Nitti's party. The secret agent's new acquaintances included big-shot hoods Nitti, “Machine Gun” Jack McGurn, Jake “Greasy Thumb” Guzik, Paul “The Waiter” Ricca, Murray “The Camel” Humphreys and Sam “Golf Bag” Hunt. Malone was in. He discreetly phoned Wilson about what he'd overheard within the gang. Wilson and his aides traced signatures on bank checks while pursuing tax evasion cases against Nitti and Guzik. A federal court in Chicago convicted Guzik, who got a five-year sentence. But Nitti skipped town. Malone, assigned to find him, followed Nitti's wife to an apartment building in Berwyn, Illinois. There, the cops nabbed Nitti, later sentenced to 18 months in prison for tax evasion. Then the police pinched Al himself following his 1931 indictment on tax charges. “Mike Lepito” was there at the Lexington when Al Capone arrived back, triumphant about his release on $50,000 bail. Malone listened and reported to Wilson about Capone's scheme to bribe and fix the jury in his favor. The feds moved quickly and a judge created a new list of jurors. Malone then reported Capone's plot to hire five gunman from New York to kill four federal officials in Chicago – including Wilson. With safety measures in place, Capone ordered the gunmen to leave town. Capone's trial, after a judge refused to plea bargain with the Mob boss, started in October 1931. Four days afterward, Malone finally gave up the act. The news spread fast to Capone and his men. Malone had heard that Phil D'Andrea, Capone's bodyguard, planned to bring a concealed gun into the courthouse. Malone and another agent frisked and disarmed D'Andrea, and had him arrested. A jury Capone could not fix found the boss guilty on 22 criminal counts. The judge gave him 11 years in the federal pen and a $50,000 fine, plus court costs. Months later, in early 1932, the Intelligence Unit had Malone, Irey, Wilson and Special Agent A. P. Madden probe the kidnapping of aviator Charles Lindbergh's son. The team's persistence paid off within two years, with the capture (and conviction) of suspect Bruno Hauptman, who still had some of the marked currency the agents convinced Lindbergh to use as ransom money. Malone had other notable cases. In 1933, Irey assigned him to find fugitive New York gangster Waxey Gordon, wanted for tax evasion. Malone located Gordon in a remote cottage in the Catskill Mountains. Special Prosecutor Thomas Dewey took the case, and the court put Waxey away for 10 years. A year later, Malone infiltrated Louisiana Governor Huey “Kingfish” Long's crooked crew. After Long's assassination, the IRS won a tax fraud conviction against Malone's target, Long's close aide, Seymour Weiss. In his last undercover operation before his death, the Intelligence Unit gave Malone a large amount of cash and a Cadillac to use in Miami Beach, disguised as a rich syndicate man. He found and reported what the agency wanted – details of a coast-to-coast illegal abortion ring. After Malone's death in 1960, Wilson described him to a news reporter as “the best undercover agent we ever had.” JOSEPH PISTONE Joe Pistone is one of the FBI's most celebrated undercover agents. Using the name Donnie Brasco, he infiltrated the New York Mafia and helped produce 200 indictments. Courtesy of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. In New York City during the mid-1970s, the FBI investigated a rash of truck hijackings happening each day. The agency assigned agent Joseph “Joe” Pistone to go undercover for six months to find out where the Mob-connected thieves took the stolen cargo. His adopted name was “Donnie Brasco.” He was so effective as a wiseguy that the FBI let him keep it up. No one knew how far the investigation would lead, or what it would mean for Pistone, who started as an agent in 1969. His experience would eventually prompt the mobsters in New York to put out a $500,000 contract for his murder, but it never happened. In the end, the evidence and trial testimony he provided in the 1980s produced 200 indictments of Mob associates and more than 100 convictions. His work decimated the Bonannos, one of New York's five major crime families. Pistone's journey while undercover, impersonating a mobbed-up jewel thief, would last an incredible five years, from 1976 to 1981, during which he penetrated the upper levels of the Bonnano organization. No FBI agent had made it inside the Mob like that. The agency beforehand had to rely on informants. Pistone took a class to learn about jewelry to make his affectation believable. In Brooklyn and Manhattan, he roamed bars and restaurants frequented by Mob types. He communicated using the street smarts he absorbed growing up as a working-class Italian-American kid in Paterson, New Jersey, where he went to Italian social clubs and encountered local hoods. Years in, he had the Bonanno circle so convinced that it moved to have him a “made” man shortly before the FBI ended his assignment. At first he befriended low-level mobsters. He wore a wire to record conversations, and committed to memory names and license plates since taking notes would obviously raise red flags. By 1976, he'd won the trust of important Bonnano members, notably family soldier Benjamin “Lefty Guns” Ruggiero, said to have killed 26 people, and capo Dominick “Sonny Black” Napolitano. Ruggerio recommended him so that he could join the clan. Pistone's Mob activities centered in New York and Florida, taking him away from his wife and young daughters for extended times. Pistone even had to vacation with his demanding cohorts. He moved his family members out of state for their protection. As “Donnie Brasco,” Pistone helped Ruggerio transfer stolen goods and sell guns. He engaged in loansharking, extortion and illegal gambling. Once, while pretending to be an expert in burglar alarms, angry Mob associates intent on committing burglaries demanded he reveal the name of a mobster who would vouch for him. The FBI used an informant to quell their suspicions. In the 1997 film Donnie Brasco, undercover agent Joe Pistone is played by Johnny Depp, left. Al Pacino, right, plays Benjamin “Lefty” Ruggiero. In 1981, the situation intensified again when the crime family commanded him to kill an adversary. The FBI pulled him out of the sting. It was time to start making cases, and for him to testify in open court as himself. Starting in 1982, Pistone's testimony over the next several years in racketeering cases sent more than 100 mobsters to long prison terms. Prosecutors considered him crucial to convicting 21 defendants in the “Pizza Connection” case of pizzerias used to traffic in heroin and launder money for the Sicilian Mafia. Pistone went into hiding and later retired from the FBI, unscathed, in 1986. In the 1990s, Salvatore “Sammy the Bull” Gravano, former underboss for the Gambino family who turned FBI informant, said the embarrassment from the “Brasco” case drove bosses in New York's crime families to suspend the Bonanno group from its board of directors. But Pistone couldn't stay retired. In 1992, at age 53, he requested reinstatement with the FBI, which agreed only if he would enter the agency's strict training class, lasting 16 weeks at its base in Quantico, Virginia. Pistone endured the rigorous course alongside recruits in their 20s. He passed and the FBI rehired him, at least until the mandatory retirement age of 57. Pistone's 1988 book on his undercover experiences, Donnie Brasco: My Undercover Life in the Mafia, was a bestseller. Based on the book, actor Johnny Depp portrayed Pistone in the 1997 feature film Donnie Brasco, with Al Pacino as Ruggerio. JACK GARCIA Jack Garcia was an FBI undercover agent of Cuban descent who convinced members of the Italian-American Mafia that he was Italian. He took part in more than 100 undercover investigations over a 26-year career. Before he succeeded in infiltrating New York's Gambino crime family, FBI agent Joaquin “Jack” Garcia had to go school. That is, the FBI's “mob school,” where he received an education in how to hit the ground running with veteran mobsters. His teacher was special agent Nat Parisi. First off, Parisi said, do not carry a wallet – wiseguys carry wads of currency, often bound by the kind of rubber band grocery stores use to keep broccoli together. Also, correctly pronouncing Italian food matters – as Tony Soprano might say, those long pasta shells are not “manicotti,” but “manicote.” Another valuable lesson he learned is that his Mob brethren loved compliments – his favorite one: “Where did you get those nice threads? You look like a million dollars.” In his 26-year career as an FBI agent, Garcia took part in more than 100 undercover investigations, from Miami to New York, Atlantic City and Los Angeles, targeting mobsters, drug traffickers and corrupt politicians and cops. He participated in the highest number of undercover cases in FBI history. In many of his capers, he impersonated a mobster, using the name “Jack Falcone” (in honor of the Italian judge Giovanni Falcone, killed by the Sicilian Mafia in the 1990s). As a backstory, he told his Mob marks about having a Sicilian pedigree (actually he's a native of Havana and grew up in the Bronx) with an expertise in stealing and fencing stolen goods, with jewelry as his specialty. Sometimes, he had to run several undercover roles at once. He took advantage of his fluency in Spanish and Italian, being careful not to mix things up when the phone rang. In the early 2000s, the FBI chose Garcia for what would be the most fruitful infiltration of an organized crime family since Joe Pistone's in the 1970s. While undercover as “Jack Falcone” with the Gambino's family's chapter in Westchester County, New York, for two years, he flashed cash, Rolex watches, diamond rings, flat-screen TVs and other supposed stolen property (items seized in other FBI cases). Much of the cash he held went to pay for expensive dinners – mobsters, he said, are notoriously cheap when the check comes. He gained 80 pounds over the two years. One mobster in particular who liked his money and goods, and would become his almost daily companion, was Gambino capo Gregory DePalma. An “old school” hood who in 2003 finished serving 70 months for racketeering, DePalma right away threatened violence and extorted owners of Westchester-area construction firms, strip joints, restaurants and other businesses. Garcia said he witnessed DePalma commit a crime almost every day. The FBI had Garcia pose as a wiseguy seeking to invest in a topless bar in the Bronx. Garcia's inquiries led him to meet DePalma in 2003. By providing stolen property for DePalma to sell for cash, Garcia convinced him that “Jack Falcone” was an experienced jewelry thief and fencer from Miami. When Garcia hung out with DePalma over the two-year period, he wore a body wire, and the FBI planted bugging devices at DePalma's hangouts. Garcia gave DePalma a cell phone that the talkative mob capo used prodigiously, not knowing the FBI had bugged it. The operation yielded 5,000 hours of recorded conversations used to implicate DePalma and other Gambino men in racketeering. In 2005, DePalma planned to honor “Falcone” by rendering him “made” within the Gambino family. In a recorded conversation, Garcia as “Falcone” replied to DePalma, “I'm honored for that,” he said, in the tape later used in court. “I will never let you down either.” But it wasn't to be. After Garcia witnessed a Gambino soldier beat another member with a crystal candlestick, the FBI shut down the undercover operation. (Garcia and Pistone are the only law enforcement officers ever nominated to be “made.”) Garcia's efforts inside the Gambino crew paid off big time. The evidence he delivered for the FBI resulted in the arrest of 32 Gambino members and associates, including DePalma, Gambino boss Arnold “Zeke” Squitieri and underboss Anthony “The Genius” Megale. DePalma went to trial in 2006. Garcia, who retired from the FBI two months before the trial started, agreed to testify in federal court in Manhattan. The jury found DePalma guilty on 27 counts, and the judge gave the 74-year-old a 12-year prison term. Like Pistone, Garcia's undercover career is chronicled in a memoir, Making Jack Falcone: An Undercover FBI Agent Takes Down a Mafia Family. KIKI CAMARENA Kiki Camarena was an undercover agent for the Drug Enforcement Administration in Mexico. After contributing information that led to major drug busts, he was tortured and murdered by drug cartel bosses in 1985. Enrique “Kiki” Camarena, the late Drug Enforcement Administration agent assigned to investigate drug trafficking in Guadalajara, Mexico, in the 1980s, is famous as one of the most heroic DEA agents ever. But he is more well-known in death than in life. His torture-murder in Mexico in 1985 took place at the hands of drug cartel bosses with the complicity of high-level Mexican government officials, law enforcement and, allegedly, the CIA. At the time, the Reagan administration was secretly training and supplying Central American guerilla fighters, known as the “Contras,” against the leftist Sandinista government in Nicaragua. The U.S. government allegedly granted the cartel bosses free rein to traffic drugs – to the point of using CIA-recruited American pilots to fly cocaine into the United States to sell for cash so the cartel could make donations to buy more weaponry for the Contras. Camarena, born in Mexicali, Mexico, in 1947, moved with his impoverished family to Calexico, California. He served as a firefighter in Calexico, and with a strong desire for police work, joined the Imperial County Sheriff's Department, moving up to its narcotics task force. The experience led to his career in the DEA starting in 1975. Assigned to the DEA office in the “narco paradise” of Guadalajara in 1980, Camarena was a convincing undercover officer with his appearance and ability to speak Spanish and barrio “street” language to fit in with the drug underworld. His target was the powerful Guadalajara drug cartel (which later evolved into the Sinaloa cartel). In the early 1980s, in what he called “Operation Padrino,” Camarena arranged for U.S. agents to seize international bank accounts held by wealthy cartel drug lords. He developed evidence of major marijuana plantations in the Mexican state of Zacatecas, based on informants and overflights in a plane flown by his DEA pilot, Alfredo Zavala Avelar. In November 1984, from his background work, Mexican federal police and the DEA raided enormous pot-growing operations on a ranch in Zacatecas that employed thousands of field hands. The task force confiscated 20 tons of marijuana, burned the crop and made 177 arrests. The bust cost cartel figure Rafael Caro Quintero about $50 million. Caro Quintero believed his operation had the protection of the Mexican army, and the CIA, since he owned a farm used to train the U.S.-backed Contras. He vowed revenge against Camarena. Meanwhile, a DEA force organized by Camarena seized a large cache of cocaine shipped by cartel boss Miguel Felix Gallardo's operation to New Mexico and Texas. Gallardo also believed he had CIA and Mexican official protection. During the fall of 1984, Quintero held meetings with top cartel traffickers Gallardo, Ernesto “Don Neto” Fonseco Carrillo and Ruben Zuno Arce. Also present, thanks to rampant corruption bought by the Guadalajara cartel, were Mexico's minister of domestic affairs and DFA chief Manuel Bartlett Diaz, plus Mexico's defense minister, the head of Mexico's Interpol office and the governor of the state of Jalisco. The agenda was to kidnap Camarena and get him to reveal his informants and other information. Zuno Arce gave the order. Fonseca only intended to scare and release him, but Quintero wanted to kill the DEA man. On February 7, 1985, Quintero and Gallardo directed their henchmen to kidnap Camarena off a street in Guadalajara. As the agent walked from the U.S. consulate to meet his wife for lunch, they forced him at gunpoint into a car and drove him to a residence used for cartel rendezvous. They bound and blindfolded him, turned on a tape recorder and questioned him, during which he was severely beaten and tortured. The lead interrogator was the crooked head of the secret police in Guadalajara, Sergio Espino Verdin. The cartel men wanted to know what Camarena knew about them, their dealings with Mexican officials and the CIA's involvement in drug trafficking. The gangsters also brought in and beat up Zavala, Camarena's pilot. Both men died about two days later, angering Fonseco, who told Quintero not to kill Camarena. Camarena's wife reported him missing and Washington launched what would be the largest manhunt in the history of the DEA. The cartel had the two men's bodies buried, then dug up and relocated to a farm in another state, where Mexican police found them in early March. During his funeral a week later, Camarena's family interred his ashes in Calexico. His slaying triggered an international incident. U.S. officials ordered all cars from Mexico at the border searched, effectively closing it. The investigation revealed the CIA connection, leading to bitter clashes between CIA and DEA agents. A federal court in Los Angeles charged 22 defendants in the murders of Camarena and Zavala. Under pressure, Mexican authorities acted, arresting 13 men. Mexican courts convicted Fonseco, Quintero and Espino, and sentenced each to 40 years, although Quintero won early release on a technicality in 2013. U.S. officials are still seeking Quintero to face federal charges. Mexican police arrested Gallardo in 1989, and he received 40 years. A court in Los Angeles found Zuno Arce guilty in the murders in 1990, sentenced him to two life terms in prison, where he died in 2012. In Camarena's honor, in 1985 the National Family Partnership started the National Red Ribbon Campaign, a volunteer anti-drug use and education effort that urges youths to recite a pledge to refrain from drugs, and celebrates “Red Ribbon Week” on drug awareness each October. Camarena's is featured as a character, played by actor Michael Pena, in a chapter of the Netflix series Narcos: Mexico, about on his actions with the DEA. JAY DOBYNS Jay Dobyns went undercover with the Hells Angels outlaw motorcycle gang for 20 months in Arizona on behalf of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives. His work led to 16 arrests. For Jay Dobyns, fitting in with the infamous biker gang the Hells Angels for almost two years meant adhering to his undercover alter ego, Jay “Bird” Davis, to the point of obsession. To maintain his cover, he had to divert his mind away from his wife and kids. And it all would be worth it – at least that's what he thought at the time. Dobyns had hit on his best clandestine ruse yet while in Arizona in 2001, after 15 years of service as an undercover special agent with the U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives. While working undercover cases in the late 1980s for the ATF, he'd been injured twice – from a gunshot wound to the back from a suspect in Tucson and when gunrunners hit him with a car during an attempted getaway in Chicago. He took part in investigations of the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing and the 9/11 terrorist attacks. Other undercover roles of his ended in the arrests of a Mexican drug boss and members of the Aryan Brotherhood gang. Altogether, he served in more than 500 undercover operations disguised as a hitman and Mob debt collector. He infiltrated organized crime groups and gangs engaged in drug and arms smuggling. In 2001, to gather intelligence as “Davis” for the ATF in northern Arizona, Dobyns worked in the Bullhead City area, posing as a gun seller and an enforcer for a nonexistent collections agency. But his operation was interrupted in 2002 with the now-famous riot and shootout among members of the Angels and a competing biker gang, the Mongols, at the Harrah's casino in nearby Laughlin, Nevada, during the annual River Run motorcycle rally. Two Angels and one Mongol died and dozens of people were injured. The ATF brass soon redirected him to penetrate the dangerous Hells Angels club. Dobyns certainly had the physical part down with his beard and six-foot, one-inch frame he used as an all-conference football player for the University of Arizona. Later, an Angels member would apply tattoos covering his upper arms. Dobyns teamed with another ATF agent, two other undercover officers and a pair of paid informants. The idea was to create a fake biker gang with the aid of one of the informants who once served in a motorcycle gang based in Tijuana, Mexico. The gangster informant and Dobyns would run the gang, called the Solo Angeles, promote it as a pro-Hells Angels crew and request to join the Angels as a “nomad” chapter. The ATF named the setup “Operation Black Biscuit.” As a convincer, Dobyns and his fellow agent feigned an execution of a Mongol member, tying up an agent, placing cow's brains and bloody Mongol clothing on him and taking a photo. Based on the picture, the Angels took the bait and let them hang out and ride with them. They trusted him so much they offered to make him a member of the Angels' Skull Valley Chapter. He was the first law enforcement officer to infiltrate the Angels. His undercover penetration of the Angels lasted more than 20 months, one of the longest ever for the ATF. His work ended with 16 arrests from the Angels gang. But the criminal case, amid problems between the ATF and Justice Department lawyers, fell through in federal court. Federal prosecutors blamed the ATF, saying the agency did not reveal evidence from informants. In 2006, the feds dropped racketeering enterprise charges – the most serious — against all but four of 42 Angels charged in the Laughlin riot. Dobyns' battle with his own employer, the ATF, soon began. He filed suit in federal court against the agency alleging it did not protect him while he was on duty. He won a $373,000 settlement in 2007. The next year, Dobyns's wife and two kids barely escaped after someone firebombed the family home in Tucson. The ATF investigated Dobyns himself as a suspect in the arson. Investigators cleared him. In 2014, the year he retired after 27 years with the ATF, he filed another suit, for $17.2 million, saying the ATF failed to safeguard his family amid death threats. A judge awarded him $173,000. During an appeal, the judge voided the monetary judgment, but recommended discipline for ATF personnel and barred seven Justice Department attorneys from the case. He ordered a special master to investigate government actions in the case, and possible misconduct by the feds in the arson investigation. But the judge died of cancer. The special master in a report said that the first case was fair enough and required no further probe into the federal government. A new judge accepted the recommendation. Dobyns has authored two books, one on his undercover experiences, another on his travails with the ATF. These days, he delivers lectures on his life to audiences at universities and law enforcement associations nationwide. And now some of our infamous quick hitters:   Donald Duck decoy   Police in Fort Lee, New Jersey used a Donald Duck costume as a decoy to catch drivers who failed to yield to pedestrians. Drivers who didn't stop for the cartoon duck were ticketed. One woman, Karen Haigh, fought her $230 ticket.   "They told me that I was getting a ticket for not stopping for a duck," she told Eyewitness News. "But it scared me. I'm a woman. This huge duck scared me."  Coco the Clown   These old clips from the show COPS show a strange undercover police sting, and proves the adage that clowns are usually scary or just creepy. One cop dressed up as Coco the Clown, an outfit that kind of resembles John Wayne Gacy, to catch women working as sex workers. Spoiler: he pretty much sprays all of them with silly string and the whole thing is sad to watch. Amish woman   At least one cop from the Pulaski Township Police Department in Pennsylvania dressed up as an Amish woman in an attempt to catch a sexual predator. Sgt. Chad Adams of the Pulaski Township Police Department wandered the streets for two months in 2014 after police were tipped off that a predator was masturbating in front of children, according to the Associated Press. He posted on the department's Facebook page, “Hey friends, sometimes being a police officer means going undercover and doing what you have to do to catch the bad guy. Now that our investigation is complete I'll share with you this photo! Back in January we had an individual preying on Amish children walking home from school. The male individual was pulling up to the children and getting out of his car and masturbating in front of them. Although we did not apprehend the individual we believe he was caught in another county. I wanted to share with you that we will use all means available to try and protect our children. That includes dressing up as an Amish woman to attempt to apprehend a pervert! Thanks goes out to the Neshannock police and New Wilmington police in assistance with the investigation! Sincerely, Sergeant Chad Adams.”   Sadly, the sting didn't work, but police believe it is because the culprit moved into another county.   DVD Prize sting   Police in Phoenix, Arizona set up a sting to catch people with outstanding warrants, mostly DUIs, in 2002. The people were told they won a DVD player. People thought they were showing up to pick up their prize. Instead, they walked right into their own arrest. Watch as these suspects went from excited to shocked to sad. Panhandling trick   In 2015, undercover cops in California posed as panhandlers to ticket distracted drivers. They stood on the side of the road, posed as panhandlers and holding signs that identified them as police officers. The pieces of cardboard they were holding also stated that they were looking for seatbelt and cellphone violations. For those drivers who weren't paying attention

The Cuban sandwich known as a Cubano can be found almost anywhere in the country. Two Cuban-American business owners are committed to bringing a slice of their culture to downtown Burlington. As part of our summer school series, Vermont Public's Marlon Hyde learned how to make this staple of Cuban-American culture.

We follow the southward-racing juggernaut of modern Florida, from statehood in 1845 to the 1930s – the insatiable quest of visionaries and megalomaniacs, from Jewish utopians, to slave-driving planters, to evangelical missionaries, to black politicians, to hotel magnates, to messianic cult leaders, to women's suffragists, to Cuban revolutionaries, to bohemian poets, to impose a sense of order upon the chaotic and unruly wilderness of tropical Florida. Though ignored in our national mythology and dismissed as a southern backwater, the state was the site of the first confrontation of the Civil War, and of the longest-lasting and most aggressive Reconstruction regime, which created the first universal public school system in the South and fostered the first booming tourist economy in America, spearheaded by none other than Harriet Beecher Stowe. We conclude our journey through Florida with an examination of Florida literature, ending with an analysis of Wallace Stevens' ode to Florida, “The Idea of Order at Key West.” Suggested Further Reading: Foster & Foster, “Beechers, Stowes, and Yankee Strangers: The Transformation of Florida”; J. T. Kirby, “Mockingbird Song: Ecological Landscapes of the South.” Please sign up as a patron to hear the next Myth of the Month – www.patreon.com/user?u=5530632

Episode 14 of the Late Night History podcast, your host Matt Fratus interviews former Navy SEAL officer Jim Hawes. About a year and some change ago, I interviewed Jim while he was in Botswana on business. The connection was spotty at best, so we re-recorded this episode here and mostly discuss Jim's career where he had a cup of coffee at SEAL Team 2 before he took an assignment with MACV-SOG during the Vietnam War. We touch on going through BUD/S — then called UDT/R with class 29 on the East Coast — and early SEAL history. We also briefly covered smokejumpers in Vietnam who were recruited by the CIA to perform resupply missions. Afterward, we go into Jim's unique role in the Congo during the Cold War. While working with the CIA, Jim had the difficult task of recruiting a mercenary navy. He pulled prime talent from brutal British soldiers of fortune underneath the famed Mike Hoare. He also received assistance from the heroic Cuban veterans from Brigade 2506 who participated in the failed Bay of Pigs. This mission ultimately chased Cuban revolutionary Che Guevara out of Africa. Jim is the first Navy SEAL officer to appear on the Late Night History podcast — although he certainly won't be the last. For 50 years, Jim never spoke publicly about his time in the Congo as the mission remained classified until the 2010s. In 2018, he authored Cold War Navy SEAL: My Story of Che Guevara, War in the Congo, and the Communist Threat in Africa. Follow @LateNightHistory on Instagram for nightly stories about war, people, food, crime, sports, and culture!

We're almost at the end of our series on Afro-Psychedelia. The final stop on our tour is the Caribbean island of Puerto Rico, an unincorporated territory of the USA, with a rich musical tradition and close migratory ties to New York City, where our journey began. We hear about the accessible complexity of the percussion-rich music of Puerto Ricans like the mighty Tito Puente; hear how Cuban and Jazz flavours made their way into Salsa and Mambo; and consider the role played by Puerto Ricans in the construction of NYC as an immigrant city. Plus, Celia Cruz, Louis Vega, and how purchasing a vacuum cleaner secured Tim his first trip to the Big Apple... Produced and edited by Matt Huxley. Tune in, Turn on, Get Down! Become a supporter of the show by visiting www.patreon.com/LoveMessagePod Tracklist: Cortijo Y Ismael Rivera - Bomba Carambomba Tito Puente - Abaniquito Tito Puente - El Rey Del Timbal Tito Puente - Tito And Mongo On Timbales Tito Puente - Hong Kong Mambo Tito Puente - Oye Como Va Celia Cruz y la Sonora Matancera - Mi Bomba Sono Eddie Palmieri - Tema La Perfecta

Netflix recently launched a new season of their award-winning series, Street Food. The most recent season focuses on the street food in America and Mariano Carranza was the director of the Miami episode of Street Food: USA.  Mariano is a native of Lima, {eru. But he really did his homework when he tried to boil down what street food means in Miami and he had some interesting choices, from things you might expect, like Cuban sandwiches and fritas, the Cuban hamburgers, which finally get a national spotlight. To the unexpected, like the man from Miami Gardens who sells souse out of his house. Plus we banter about the "fruit influencers" whose Redland tropical fruit went TikTok viral. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

"The Godfather" movies are on the short list of the most consequential American films ever, not just for their cinematic quality but because they've become a textbook for politics as well. In this episode Scott and Bob celebrated the 50th Anniversary of the release of the movie with a discussion of the way the movie is a deep analysis of American capitalism and politics. We talk about the way Don Corleone wielded power, the relationship between the mob and "legitimate" businesses, the attempt to break into the Cuban market, the Corleone influence in Las Vegas, and so much more. Pop Culture is an important venue for analyzing the way politics is wielded and how many of the lessons of The Godfather are evident in our everyday lives. ------------------------------------------- Links// If you want to understand America and politics, read The Godfather (https://bit.ly/3z0jdrJ) The Godfather Films: The Political (Ir)Relevance Of A Timeless Classic (https://bit.ly/3yWIJ1k) Michael Cohen Once Called Trump the ‘Godfather of Politics' (https://bit.ly/3aRspXH) Follow Green and Red// https://linktr.ee/greenandredpodcast Our rockin' website: https://greenandredpodcast.org/ Join our Discord community: https://discord.gg/2wVcnC5P Donate to Green and Red Podcast// Become a Patron at https://www.patreon.com/greenredpodcast Or make a one time donation here: https://bit.ly/DonateGandR This is a Green and Red Podcast (@PodcastGreenRed) production. Produced by Bob (@bobbuzzanco) and Scott (@sparki1969). “Green and Red Blues" by Moody. Editing by Isaac.