Podcasts about Ptolemaic

Ron Bienvenu joins us for a very intriguing chat about his philosophy and latest book  "The Fifth Shock - Human Agency in the Post Biological Age of the Stack".   We talk about his tangles in tech and Wall Street going back to the early 00's, his first book The Fourth Shock, asynchronous data, Big data, ai, block chain, The Stack, examples like Northern Telecom collapse, network supremacy, universal behavioural income, monetizing personal data, economic theories, taxes and money printing, capitalism, the Node State, and the LA machine version of beauty.   In the second half we get into King Trump of North America, meeting Trump, stick in the eye, people need to rise up, non violent revolutions, the Ptolemaic system, The Catholic Church and papacy, Copernicus, the Rise of Homo Noeticus, the scale example, more on the The Stack, TLC, pain and suffering, Making Love and Atlas Shrugged.   Philosopher, entrepreneur, and digital futurist exploring the collision between technology, ethics, and human identity.   The Fifth Shock is not just a book—it's a revelation. It proposes that we are living through a civilizational mutation more profound than the Agricultural or Industrial Revolutions. I call this mutation “The Stack”—a digital, planetary infrastructure that is reshaping reality, identity, economics, even death itself. But unlike previous shocks in history, this one targets the soul.   The book traces five evolutionary engines—Agriculture, Combustion, Electrification, Digitization, and now the Stack. Each turned the human being into something new. The Stack, however, does not just change what we do—it changes what we are. Surveillance, algorithmic prediction, biometric data mining, and behavioral finance are no longer science fiction—they are infrastructure. They are the new gods. https://x.com/TheFifthShock   https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0F53Q4K8W?ref=cm_sw_r_ffobk_cp_ud_dp_Z2VJTF6SCWT6H5473B9N&ref_=cm_sw_r_ffobk_cp_ud_dp_Z2VJTF6SCWT6H5473B9N&social_share=cm_sw_r_ffobk_cp_ud_dp_Z2VJTF6SCWT6H5473B9N&bestFormat=true&previewDoh=1   To gain access to the second half of show and our Plus feed for audio and podcast please clink the link http://www.grimericaoutlawed.ca/support.   For second half of video (when applicable and audio) go to our Substack and Subscribe. https://grimericaoutlawed.substack.com/ or to our Locals  https://grimericaoutlawed.locals.com/ or Rokfin www.Rokfin.com/Grimerica Patreon https://www.patreon.com/grimericaoutlawed   Support the show directly: https://grimericacbd.com/ CBD / THC Tinctures and Gummies https://grimerica.ca/support-2/ Eh-List Podcast and site: https://eh-list.ca/ Eh-List YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@TheEh-List Our Adultbrain Audiobook Podcast and Website: www.adultbrain.ca Our Audiobook Youtube Channel:  https://www.youtube.com/@adultbrainaudiobookpublishing/videos Darren's book www.acanadianshame.ca Check out our next trip/conference/meetup - Contact at the Cabin www.contactatthecabin.com Other affiliated shows: www.grimerica.ca The OG Grimerica Show www.Rokfin.com/Grimerica Our channel on free speech Rokfin Join the chat / hangout with a bunch of fellow Grimericans  Https://t.me.grimerica https://www.guilded.gg/chat/b7af7266-771d-427f-978c-872a7962a6c2?messageId=c1e1c7cd-c6e9-4eaf-abc9-e6ec0be89ff3   Leave a review on iTunes and/or Stitcher: https://itunes.apple.com/ca/podcast/grimerica-outlawed http://www.stitcher.com/podcast/grimerica-outlawed Sign up for our newsletter http://www.grimerica.ca/news SPAM Graham = and send him your synchronicities, feedback, strange experiences and psychedelic trip reports!! graham@grimerica.com InstaGRAM https://www.instagram.com/the_grimerica_show_podcast/  Purchase swag, with partial proceeds donated to the show www.grimerica.ca/swag Send us a postcard or letter http://www.grimerica.ca/contact/ ART - Napolean Duheme's site http://www.lostbreadcomic.com/  MUSIC Tru Northperception, Felix's Site sirfelix.bandcamp.com 

Cleopatra VII, the last active ruler of ancient Egypt, was a brilliant and charismatic queen whose legacy still captivates the world. Known for her intelligence, political acumen, and fluency in multiple languages, she skillfully ruled Egypt during a time of immense turmoil. Unlike the myth of relying solely on her beauty, Cleopatra was a shrewd strategist who formed powerful alliances with Julius Caesar and Mark Antony. Her reign was marked by bold diplomacy, economic reform, and efforts to preserve Egypt's independence against the growing power of Rome. Personally, she was deeply loyal, passionate, and proud of her Egyptian heritage, despite being of Macedonian Greek descent. She navigated betrayals, wars, and Roman politics with unmatched resilience. Her tragic end alongside Mark Antony marked the fall of the Ptolemaic dynasty and the beginning of Roman Egypt. Cleopatra remains a symbol of power, grace, and timeless intrigue. KiranPrabha narrates the real story of Cleopatra in 2 Parts talk show. This is Part 2/Last Part.

Cleopatra VII, the last active ruler of ancient Egypt, was a brilliant and charismatic queen whose legacy still captivates the world. Known for her intelligence, political acumen, and fluency in multiple languages, she skillfully ruled Egypt during a time of immense turmoil. Unlike the myth of relying solely on her beauty, Cleopatra was a shrewd strategist who formed powerful alliances with Julius Caesar and Mark Antony. Her reign was marked by bold diplomacy, economic reform, and efforts to preserve Egypt's independence against the growing power of Rome. Personally, she was deeply loyal, passionate, and proud of her Egyptian heritage, despite being of Macedonian Greek descent. She navigated betrayals, wars, and Roman politics with unmatched resilience. Her tragic end alongside Mark Antony marked the fall of the Ptolemaic dynasty and the beginning of Roman Egypt. Cleopatra remains a symbol of power, grace, and timeless intrigue. KiranPrabha narrates the real story of Cleopatra in 2 Parts talk show. This is Part 1.

The Tyrant's Tomb, ch. 26 to 31 This week on Unwise Girls, we ask the question: how can you go from A to Z when you're already starting at X? That's right, folks, it's yet another week where we're starting to question the basic execution of this series' premise! But we also talk about funny adult babies, the best things to do on your phone, our weirdly high amount of remaining feelings about the Kane siblings, oestradiol jar moment, real traffic nightmares, and separating character lessons by age bracket. Come back next week for The Tyrant's Tomb, ch. 32 to 37! Check out our Patreon! (https://www.patreon.com/unwisegirls) Follow the show (https://twitter.com/unwisegirls) Join our Discord! (https://discord.gg/XnhhwzKQ8d) Hosted by Jacqueline (https://twitter.com/swampduchess) and Jane (https://twitter.com/janeyshivers). Edited by Jacqueline. Cover art by Vera (https://twitter.com/Innsmouth_Inn). Intro/outro: "Super Mariocean" by spacepony (https://ocremix.org/remix/OCR01147) This podcast is powered by Pinecast.

War over Coele Syria breaks out yet again. With the death of Cleopatra I, her three very young children (Ptolemy VI, Ptolemy VIII, and Cleopatra II) are raised to the throne by their ambitious ministers Eulaios and Lenaios, who lead campaign of reconquest against Antiochus IV Epiphanes. It turns into a disaster, with the Syrian king launching two successful invasions into Egypt and besieging Alexandria. It seems the Ptolemaic kingdom is on the verge of collapse and Antiochus poised to be master of Egypt... that is unless the Roman Republic has something to say about it. Episode Notes: (https://hellenisticagepodcast.wordpress.com/2025/03/14/106-the-sixth-syrian-war-and-day-of-eleusis/) Episode Transcript: (https://hellenisticagepodcast.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/105-the-sixth-syrian-war-and-day-of-eleusis.pdf) Social Media: Twitter (https://twitter.com/HellenisticPod) Facebook (www.facebook.com/hellenisticagepodcast/) Instagram (https://www.instagram.com/hellenistic_age_podcast/) Twitch (https://www.twitch.tv/hellenisticagepodcast) Show Merchandise: Etsy (https://www.etsy.com/shop/HellenisticAgePod) Redbubble (https://www.redbubble.com/people/HellenisticPod/shop?asc=u) Donations: Patreon (https://patreon.com/TheHellenisticAgePodcast) Ko-Fi (https://ko-fi.com/hellenisticagepodcast) Amazon Book Wish List (https://tinyurl.com/vfw6ask)

We LOVE to hear from you! You can text us feedback + suggested episode topics here.In this episode of the Astrology Hub Podcast, astrologer Christopher Renstrom delves into the fascinating and often misunderstood aspect of astrology—the quincunx and the yod, also known as "The Finger of God." Christopher reflects on his personal journey from skepticism to fascination with these dynamic and challenging aspects. He unpacks their unique energies, their role in chart interpretation, and how they signify unresolved patterns and fated moments. Tune in to gain a deeper understanding of how quincunxes can illuminate hidden dynamics and yods can reveal life's fateful turning points.What You'll Learn in This Episode:⚖️The difference between traditional Ptolemaic aspects (like conjunctions and trines) and postmodern aspects like quincunxes.

In this sermon, Pastor Dorrell unpacks the final chapters of the Book of Daniel, highlighting the historical battles between the Seleucid and Ptolemaic empires, culminating in the notorious rise and defeat of Antiochus Epiphanes. The sermon connects these ancient events to prophecies concerning the Antichrist and the ultimate spiritual battle of Armageddon. It emphasizes the role of prayer, spiritual warfare, and the hope found in God's control over history. Believers are urged to seek wisdom and live with the assurance of a heavenly reward, reminding us of God's sovereignty and the promised victory over evil.Eastland is a Place to Belong Eastland Baptist Church is located in Tulsa, Oklahoma. We are a welcoming and close-knit family community that loves to care for each other through the Church. We strongly believe in loving and supporting each other and our neighbors. Our members don't just attend our Church; they feel a strong sense of belonging. Join Us Find service times and our location at https://www.eastlandbaptist.org/join. Connect with Us Website: https://www.eastlandbaptist.org Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/eastlandbaptisttulsa Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/eastlandbaptist To support the ministry of Eastland Baptist Church, tap here: https://www.eastlandbaptist.org/give.

As a listener of TOE you can get a special 20% off discount to The Economist and all it has to offer! Visit https://www.economist.com/toe In today's episode of Theories of Everything, Curt Jaimungal speaks with Matthew Segall, a professor at the California Institute of Integral Studies, on the evolution of philosophical thought, linking ancient teachings on consciousness to modern scientific perspectives. We delve into the limitations of contemporary views of reality, paralleling them with the Ptolemaic model, and explore how an awareness of mortality can enrich our understanding of existence. Matthew argues for a shift toward introspection and self-inquiry in a society grappling with existential challenges, emphasizing that confronting mortality can foster a deeper sense of meaning in our lives. New Substack! Follow my personal writings and EARLY ACCESS episodes here: https://curtjaimungal.substack.com LINKED MENTIONED: •⁠ ⁠Matthew's YouTube channel: https://www.youtube.com/@Footnotes2Plato •⁠ ⁠Matthew's Diagram of Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Z1zY39EKbs •⁠ ⁠Matthew's talk with John Vervaeke: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=15akhXGHwzo •⁠ ⁠Critique of Pure Reason (book): https://www.amazon.com/Critique-Pure-Reason-Penguin-Classics/dp/0140447474 •⁠ ⁠Critique of Judgement (book): https://www.amazon.com/Critique-Judgement-Immanuel-Kant/dp/1545245673/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=&sr= •⁠ ⁠The Phenomenology of Spirit (book): https://www.amazon.com/Georg-Wilhelm-Friedrich-Hegel-Phenomenology/dp/1108730086 •⁠ ⁠1919 Eclipse (paper): https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/epdf/10.1098/rsnr.2020.0040 •⁠ ⁠Einstein/Bergson debate (article): https://www.faena.com/aleph/einstein-vs-bergson-the-struggle-for-time •⁠ ⁠The Principle of Relativity (book): https://www.amazon.com/Principle-Relativity-Alfred-North-Whitehead/dp/1602062188 •⁠ ⁠John Vervaeke's YouTube channel: https://www.youtube.com/@johnvervaeke •⁠ ⁠John Vervaeke on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GVj1KYGyesI •⁠ ⁠Philip Goff on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MmaIBxkqcT4 •⁠ ⁠Sabine Hossenfelder on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E3y-Z0pgupg •⁠ ⁠Donald Hoffman on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CmieNQH7Q4w •⁠ ⁠Karl Friston on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uk4NZorRjCo •⁠ ⁠Iain McGilchrist on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q9sBKCd2HD0 •⁠ ⁠Thomas Campbell on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kko-hVA-8IU •⁠ ⁠Noam Chomsky on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch? •⁠ ⁠v=3lcDT_-3v2k&list=PLZ7ikzmc6zlORiRfcaQe8ZdxKxF-e2BCY&index=3 •⁠ ⁠Michael Levin on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c8iFtaltX-s&list=PLZ7ikzmc6zlN6E8KrxcYCWQIHg2tfkqvR&index=39 •⁠ ⁠Roger Penrose on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sGm505TFMbU&list=PLZ7ikzmc6zlN6E8KrxcYCWQIHg2tfkqvR&index=16 •⁠ ⁠Neil Turok's lecture on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-gwhqmPqRl4&list=PLZ7ikzmc6zlN6E8KrxcYCWQIHg2tfkqvR&index=35 •⁠ ⁠TOE's Consciousness Iceberg: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TR4cpn8m9i0&ab_channel=TheoriesofEverythingwithCurtJaimungal •⁠ ⁠TOE's String Theory Iceberg: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X4PdPnQuwjY Timestamps: 00:00 Introduction 1:35 The Roots of Process Philosophy 4:47 The Rise of Nominalism 8:26 The Evolution of Substance 11:02 Descartes and the Dualist Divide 21:34 Kant's Copernican Revolution 33:08 The Nature of Knowledge 37:42 Hegel's Dialectic Unfolds 46:18 Schelling's Panpsychism 56:50 Whitehead's Organic Realism 1:22:17 The Bifurcation of Nature 1:31:38 The Emergence of Consciousness 1:38:37 The Nature of Self-Organization 1:53:40 Perspectives on Actuality and Potentiality 2:11:35 The Role of God in Process Philosophy 2:23:55 The Human Experience and Self-Inquiry 2:40:34 Reflections on Mortality and Meaning 2:47:44 The Shift from Substance to Process 2:58:02 Embracing Interconnectedness and Consciousness 3:00:49 The Call for Inner Exploration #science #philosophy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Ptolemy IV has become king of Egypt, and there are going to be consequences. Let's explore some bloodletting within the Ptolemaic royal family... Sources for this episode: Bennett, C. (2002), The Children of Ptolemy III and the Date of the Exedra of Thermos. Zeitschirft für Payrologie und Epigraphik 138: 141-145. Bevan, E. R. (1914), A History of Egypt under the Ptolemaic Dynasty. London: Metheuen & Co. Ltd. Author unknown, Wikipedia (date unknown), Ptolemy III Euergetes (online) (Accessed 29/05/2024).

#crimechatwithnatandkat present our first #CrimeandCosmetics segment of #season4 with Episode 114: Cleopatra ~ A Crime & Cosmetics Segment! Kat deep dives into Cleopatra, an Egyptian queen who ruled from 51 to 30 BCE, who was known for her beauty, charm, and intelligence. She was the last active ruler of the Ptolemaic dynasty, and involved in political alliances and relationships with Julius Caesar and Mark Antony, which ultimately led to her downfall. Her death marked the end of the Ptolemaic dynasty and the beginning of Roman rule in Egypt. But how did she really die? How did she come to power when she wasn't Egyptian? Find out this and more on Saturday, December 14, 2024 anywhere you get your favorite #truecrimepodcasts #GooglePodcasts #AmazonPodcasts #ApplePodcasts #YouTubePodcasts #SpotifyPodcasts #Patreon #rss

Hello and Welcome back listeners to The Allegendly Podcast! Ever had a terrible thanksgiving because of really toxic family members and thought, could they be anymore toxic? Well Allegendly has thought that as well and attempted to find some family members so toxic, it may make you feel better about your own family situation. LISTEN NOW! If you enjoy this episode, please hit that subscribe button and leave a like. If you would like to suggest a topic for future episodes, or have fun facts you would like to send us, send to these addresses: Email: allegendly.podcast@gmail.com Bluesky: @allegendly.bsky.social EPISODE REFERENCES: https://historyofparliament.com/2021/12/02/caroline-of-ansbach/ https://www.factinate.com/people/facts-frederick-prince-wales https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caroline_of_Ansbach https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick,_Prince_of_Wales https://honey.nine.com.au/royals/worst-royal-in-laws-over-history/8406dbd3-696a-460c-83af-eab7842eb459 https://listverse.com/2022/05/06/10-of-the-worst-moms-in-american-history/ https://historycollection.com/17-brutal-sibling-rivalries-in-history/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleopatra_II https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ptolemaic-dynasty https://www.worldhistory.org/image/15205/family-tree-of-the-ptolemaic-dynasty-of-egypt-305/ https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistory/comments/1bpibhb/who_were_the_best_and_most_toxic_couples/?rdt=57804 https://x.com/liamgallagher/status/735067737647685633 https://consequence.net/2016/05/liam-gallagher-calls-brother-noel-a-potato-declares-fuck-oasis/ https://consequence.net/2023/03/liam-gallagher-noel-gallagher-potato-oasis-brand/ https://www.iheart.com/content/2024-10-02-oasis-expand-north-american-reunion-tour-see-the-new-dates/ https://www.npr.org/2024/08/26/nx-s1-5090011/oasis-reunion-liam-noel-gallagher-band-breakup-feud https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dassler_brothers_feud https://listverse.com/2024/07/28/historys-ten-most-intense-sibling-feuds/

Welcome, history besties and chaos goblins, to a special archived episode of For the Love of History—and trust me, this one is iconic.

Daniel 11 covers a lot of history! This time we're covering Daniel 11:5-16; it discusses a war that begins between the King of the South and the King of the North. If we trace this throughout history, it looks like the Diadochi wars... Different sources list different generals as the 4 Generals who took over for Alexander the Great, but at the end of the day the important part is that the kingdom was split in to 4 regions, of which the Ptolemaic South and the Seleucid North became the most prominent, waging war against each other in the Diadochi wars until Rome took over. People Discussed:

pWotD Episode 2682: Cleopatra Welcome to Popular Wiki of the Day, spotlighting Wikipedia's most visited pages, giving you a peek into what the world is curious about today.With 137,832 views on Wednesday, 4 September 2024 our article of the day is Cleopatra.Cleopatra VII Thea Philopator (Koinē Greek: Κλεοπάτρα Θεά Φιλοπάτωρ lit. 'Cleopatra father-loving goddess'; 70/69 BC – 10 August 30 BC) was Queen of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt from 51 to 30 BC, and its last active ruler. A member of the Ptolemaic dynasty, she was a descendant of its founder Ptolemy I Soter, a Macedonian Greek general and companion of Alexander the Great. Her first language was Koine Greek, and she is the only Ptolemaic ruler known to have learned the Egyptian language. After her death, Egypt became a province of the Roman Empire, marking the end of the last Hellenistic-period state in the Mediterranean, a period which had lasted since the reign of Alexander (336–323 BC).In 58 BC, Cleopatra presumably accompanied her father, Ptolemy XII Auletes, during his exile to Rome after a revolt in Egypt (a Roman client state) allowed his rival daughter Berenice IV to claim his throne. Berenice was killed in 55 BC when Ptolemy returned to Egypt with Roman military assistance. When he died in 51 BC, Cleopatra began reigning alongside her brother Ptolemy XIII, but a falling-out between them led to an open civil war. Roman statesman Pompey fled to Egypt after losing the 48 BC Battle of Pharsalus in Greece against his rival Julius Caesar (a Roman dictator and consul) in Caesar's civil war. Pompey had been a political ally of Ptolemy XII, but Ptolemy XIII, at the urging of his court eunuchs, had Pompey ambushed and killed before Caesar arrived and occupied Alexandria. Caesar then attempted to reconcile the rival Ptolemaic siblings, but Ptolemy's chief adviser, Potheinos, viewed Caesar's terms as favoring Cleopatra, so his forces besieged her and Caesar at the palace. Shortly after the siege was lifted by reinforcements, Ptolemy XIII died in the Battle of the Nile; Cleopatra's half-sister Arsinoe IV was eventually exiled to Ephesus for her role in carrying out the siege. Caesar declared Cleopatra and her brother Ptolemy XIV joint rulers but maintained a private affair with Cleopatra that produced a son, Caesarion. Cleopatra traveled to Rome as a client queen in 46 and 44 BC, where she stayed at Caesar's villa. After Caesar's assassination, followed shortly afterwards by that of Ptolemy XIV (on Cleopatra's orders), she named Caesarion co-ruler as Ptolemy XV.In the Liberators' civil war of 43–42 BC, Cleopatra sided with the Roman Second Triumvirate formed by Caesar's grandnephew and heir Octavian, Mark Antony, and Marcus Aemilius Lepidus. After their meeting at Tarsos in 41 BC, the queen had an affair with Antony which produced three children. He carried out the execution of Arsinoe at her request, and became increasingly reliant on Cleopatra for both funding and military aid during his invasions of the Parthian Empire and the Kingdom of Armenia. The Donations of Alexandria declared their children rulers over various erstwhile territories under Antony's triumviral authority. This event, their marriage, and Antony's divorce of Octavian's sister Octavia Minor led to the final war of the Roman Republic. Octavian engaged in a war of propaganda, forced Antony's allies in the Roman Senate to flee Rome in 32 BC, and declared war on Cleopatra. After defeating Antony and Cleopatra's naval fleet at the 31 BC Battle of Actium, Octavian's forces invaded Egypt in 30 BC and defeated Antony, leading to Antony's suicide. When Cleopatra learned that Octavian planned to bring her to his Roman triumphal procession, she killed herself by poisoning, contrary to the popular belief that she was bitten by an asp.Cleopatra's legacy survives in ancient and modern works of art. Roman historiography and Latin poetry produced a generally critical view of the queen that pervaded later Medieval and Renaissance literature. In the visual arts, her ancient depictions include Roman busts, paintings, and sculptures, cameo carvings and glass, Ptolemaic and Roman coinage, and reliefs. In Renaissance and Baroque art, she was the subject of many works including operas, paintings, poetry, sculptures, and theatrical dramas. She has become a pop culture icon of Egyptomania since the Victorian era, and in modern times, Cleopatra has appeared in the applied and fine arts, burlesque satire, Hollywood films, and brand images for commercial products.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 02:14 UTC on Thursday, 5 September 2024.For the full current version of the article, see Cleopatra on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm neural Salli.

This is the first episode in a series of five which covers the life of the Egyptian Queen Cleopatra.  I briefly discuss Alexander the Great's expeditions to Egypt on his unceasing quest to become 'King of Asia.'  Once the Ptolemaic dynasty's place in Egyptian history is established, the podcast turns to the childhood of the woman who would become perhaps the greatest Queen in Egyptian history.  Lastly, the episode reveals to the audience how she ended up being named co-regent upon her father's passing.     Contact the show at resourcesbylowery@gmail.com  If you would like to financially support the show, please use the following paypal link. Or remit PayPal payment to @Lowery80.  And here is a link for Venmo users. Any support is greatly appreciated and will be used to make future episodes of the show even better.   Expect new shows to drop on Wednesday mornings from September to January. Music is licensed through Epidemic Sound  

While the name "Cleopatra" often conjures images of the famed Egyptian queen (Cleopatra VII), we're venturing even further back in time to uncover the captivating story of Cleopatra Syra, Cleopatra I. First, a princess of the vast Seleucid Empire, her life was a tapestry woven with political intrigue, familial strife, and a relentless pursuit of power once she was married off to the Ptolemies as a political pawn. Often overshadowed by her more renowned namesake, Cleopatra Syra's story is an incredible one: resilience, ambition, and the complexities of ruling in a world dominated by men. Join us on this episode of History for Weirdos as we shed light on this enigmatic figure. We'll explore her pivotal role in the Ptolemaic dynasty, her strategic marriages, and the challenges she faced navigating a court rife with conspiracies and betrayals. From her early years as a pawn in political games to her later reign marked by both triumphs and tragedies, Cleopatra Syra's life offers a fascinating glimpse into the often-overlooked corners of Hellenistic Egypt. - Thank you for listening Weirdos! Show the podcast some love by rating & subscribing on whichever platform you use to listen to podcasts. Your support means so much to us. Let's stay in touch

Hermetic writings, works of revelation on occult, theological, and philosophical subjects ascribed to the Egyptian god Thoth (Greek Hermes Trismegistos [Hermes the Thrice-Greatest]), who was believed to be the inventor of writing and the patron of all the arts dependent on writing. The collection, written in Greek and Latin, probably dates from the middle of the 1st to the end of the 3rd century ad. It was written in the form of Platonic dialogues and falls into two main classes: “popular” Hermetism, which deals with astrology and the other occult sciences; and “learned” Hermetism, which is concerned with theology and philosophy. Both seem to have arisen in the complex Greco-Egyptian culture of the Ptolemaic and Roman periods.From the Renaissance until the end of the 19th century, popular Hermetic literature received little scholarly attention. More recent study, however, has shown that its development preceded that of learned Hermetism and that it reflects ideas and beliefs that were widely held in the early Roman Empire and are therefore significant for the religious and intellectual history of the time.In the Hellenistic age there was a growing distrust of traditional Greek rationalism and a breaking down of the distinction between science and religion. Hermes-Thoth was but one of the gods and prophets (chiefly Oriental) to whom people turned for a divinely revealed wisdom.In this period the works ascribed to Hermes Trismegistos were primarily on astrology; to these were later added treatises on medicine, alchemy (Tabula Smaragdina [“Emerald Tablet”], a favourite source for medieval alchemists), and magic. The underlying concept of astrology—that the cosmos constituted a unity and that all parts of it were interdependent—was basic also to the other occult sciences. To make this principle effective in practice (and Hermetic “science” was intensely utilitarian), it was necessary to know the laws of sympathy and antipathy by which the parts of the universe were related. But because these assumed affinities did not, in fact, exist and hence could not be discovered by ordinary scientific methods, recourse had to be made to divine revelation. The aim of Hermetism, like that of Gnosticism (a contemporary religious-philosophical movement), was the deification or rebirth of mortals through the knowledge (gnosis) of the one transcendent God, the world, and humankind.The theological writings are represented chiefly by the 17 treatises of the Corpus Hermeticum, by extensive fragments in the Anthologion (Anthology) of Stobaeus, and by a Latin translation of the Asclepius, preserved among the works of Apuleius. Though the setting of these is Egyptian, the philosophy is Greek. The Hermetic writings, in fact, present a fusion of Eastern religious elements with Platonic, Stoic, and Neo-Pythagorean philosophies. It is unlikely, however, that there was any well-defined Hermetic community, or “church.”Hermetism was extensively cultivated by the Arabs, and through them it reached and influenced the West. There are frequent allusions to Hermes Trismegistos in late medieval and in Renaissance literature.Adam Oliver Stokes, M.Div. holds degrees in religion from Duke University and Yale Divinity School. He has published on a variety of topics, including biblical studies, Mormon studies, Classical studies, and ancient American history. He is the author of From Egypt to Ohio: A Semitic Origin for the Giants of North America and Perspectives on the Old Testament: Diverse Perspectives from Ancient to Modern Times. Stokes teaches high school Latin in New Jersey and a course on the Old Testament at Saint Joseph's University.Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/earth-ancients--2790919/support.

A week of bursts and calm unfold with interesting activations and new levels of awareness flooding in. August 7th features the Sun in Leo sextiling Jupiter in Gemini at 15 degrees, opening up communications, messages, downloads, and inspiring plans that may give you optimistic forward energy. Yet Mercury retrograde in Virgo is conjunct Venus on the same day, which offers us grounding questions around how, where, and when this “great thing” will come together. Then we won't have any major Ptolemaic aspects between planets until August 14 when catalyst Mars makes an exact conjunction to Jupiter in Gemini at 16 degrees, ready to take off and put suppressed thoughts into motion. Sharing more in this week's podcast, including the strong solar energies and quiet periods of reflection.   ~~ How To Read Your Solar Return Chart – Discover the main astrology themes and energies on your birthday as Molly teaches you how to interpret your solar return chart over 8 online courses. Use code BIRTHDAY to get it for 50% off now! https://www.mollymccord.online/solar-return-course

Edfu Temple: Unveiling the Splendor of Ancient Egyptian WorshipStep into the magnificent world of Edfu Temple, a remarkable testament to ancient Egyptian architecture and religious devotion. Situated on the west bank of the Nile River in Egypt, this well-preserved temple stands as one of the most impressive and significant landmarks of the ancient civilization. In this comprehensive guide, we will delve into the fascinating history, intricate details, and cultural significance of Edfu Temple, providing you with a deeper understanding of its enduring allure.Edfu Temple FactsLet's begin by exploring some intriguing facts about Edfu Temple:Age and Construction: Edfu Temple, dedicated to the falcon-headed god Horus, was built during the Ptolemaic period, between 237 and 57 BCE. It is one of the best-preserved ancient Egyptian temples in existence.Size and Layout: The temple complex covers an area of approximately 24,000 square meters (260,000 square feet). It consists of a grand entrance, a spacious courtyard, a hypostyle hall, various chambers, and the innermost sanctuary housing the cult statue of Horus.Temple Restoration: Edfu Temple underwent extensive restoration efforts by the Egyptian government and international organizations in the 19th and 20th centuries to protect its architectural integrity and preserve the stunning reliefs and inscriptions.Religious Festivals: Edfu Temple was the focal point of the annual "Feast of the Beautiful Reunion," a grand festival commemorating the divine marriage of Horus and the goddess Hathor. The celebration involved elaborate rituals, processions, and performances.Hieroglyphic Inscriptions: The temple's walls and columns are adorned with detailed hieroglyphic inscriptions, reliefs, and reliefs depicting scenes from ancient Egyptian mythology and religious ceremonies.Edfu Temple HistoryDiscover the rich history and cultural significance of Edfu Temple:Construction Purpose: Edfu Temple was built to honor and worship the god Horus, who was considered the protector of the divine kingship and a symbol of pharaonic power. It was an important center of religious and political activities during the Ptolemaic period.Ptolemaic Influence: The temple's construction began during the reign of Ptolemy III, and its completion took several generations. The Ptolemaic rulers sought to reinforce their legitimacy by associating themselves with traditional Egyptian religion and incorporating their rule into the existing religious framework.Horus and Hathor: Edfu Temple served as the stage for the divine marriage between Horus and the goddess Hathor. This union symbolized the harmonious balance between the pharaoh's power and the fertility and beauty represented by Hathor, ensuring the prosperity and continuity of the kingdom.Manu Seyfzadeh is of German and Persian descent. He became interest in Egyptology watching programs featuring Zahi Hawass and reading Robert Bauval's "The Orion Mystery". By accident, he stumbled across a clue hidden in the dimensions of the Great Pyramid at Giza no one to date had published.Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/earth-ancients--2790919/support.

Natalie Haynes returns with a new series of sparkling stories from the ancient world which shed light on the world today.Cleopatra was a brilliant politician, a ruthless leader and a massive brain-box, who spoke nine languages. The Queen of Egypt had charisma to burn, but she probably didn't look like Elizabeth Taylor. Her intelligence and magnetism were more than enough to attract the attentions of the world's most powerful men, and to keep her in power - in a notoriously lethal dynasty - for over twenty years. Guests Jane Draycott and Llewelyn Morgan join Natalie to make sense of the Ptolemaic family naming system, to discover what it took to stay at the top for so long in dangerous times, and to find out just how besotted Mark Antony was with the Egyptian Queen. Cleopatra knew exactly how to make an impression: she entertained the war-weary Antony on a gold-covered luxury barge, fragrant with burning spices, decked out with fairy lights. She made him rub her feet at a banquet for losing a bet and he famously wandered out of an important lecture because Cleopatra was passing and he preferred to talk to her. Rock star mythologist' and reformed stand-up Natalie Haynes is obsessed with the ancient world. Here she explores key stories from ancient Rome and Greece that still have resonance today. They might be biographical, topographical, mythological or epic, but they are always hilarious, magical and tragic, mystifying and revelatory. And they tell us more about ourselves now than seems possible of stories from a couple of thousand years ago.Producer...Mary Ward-Lowery

Help keep our podcast going by contributing to our Patreon! In our last episode, we discussed the Lighthouse of Alexandria during its early years--the Ptolemaic and Roman eras. In this episode, we'll take a look at its later history--during the Islamic era, which is where many of our most detailed descriptions--and fantastical legends about the lighthouse--date from. The Lighthouse of Alexandria cast a long shadow. It's the shadow of the Dark Pharos, which lives in all of us. Join us as we discuss the real and the fantastical, try to sort out which is which, and explore how the lighthouse finally died--and was brought back to life in modern times. Sponsors and Advertising This episode is brought to you by Happy Mammoth. For a limited time, you can get 15% off on your entire first order at happymammoth.com with the code FANGIRL at checkout. This podcast is a member of Airwave Media podcast network. Want to advertise on our show? Please direct advertising inquiries to advertising@airwavemedia.com. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Historical accounts, archaeological data and recent environmental research brought to light multiple accounts, where the fates of entire civilizations have been affected by climatic events and resulting social conflict. In this episode of archaeological context, we focus on the first century BCE in the eastern Mediterranean region. A period marked by the end of the reign of the Ptolemaic dynasty in Egypt. Recent multidisciplinary research by the guest of this episode, Dr Joe Manning from the Yale University, has highlighted the pivotal role played by a massive volcanic eruption in Alaska and resulting climatic fluctuations, that likely helped to trigger this transformative moment in the middle of the first century BCE.Show Contact Info Get in contact archaeologicalcontext@gmail.com Subscribe on YouTube https://www.youtube.com/@archcontext Follow on instagram https://www.instagram.com/archaeological_context/ Support on patreon https://www.patreon.com/archcontext Music by crying vesselhttps://www.youtube.com/user/CryingVesselVideoArchPodNet APN Website: https://www.archpodnet.com APN on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/archpodnet APN on Twitter: https://www.twitter.com/archpodnet APN on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/archpodnet Tee Public StoreAffiliates Motion: https://www.archpodnet.com/motion

In this episode of the Thoughtful Entrepreneur, your host Josh Elledge speaks with the Founder and CEO of Hypernomics, Doug Howarth.Doug Howarth delved into the world of Hypernomics, revolutionizing how markets are understood and interacted with. He explained Hypernomics as the study of markets through a multidimensional lens. Hypernomics offers a fresh perspective on pricing strategies, emphasizing the importance of aligning prices with market perceptions and dynamics rather than relying solely on personal opinions. This approach is particularly relevant for consultancy services, where understanding the client's value perception is crucial.Doug's insights extend to B2B audiences, highlighting Hypernomics' role in revenue generation and market positioning. By grasping market dynamics, businesses can optimize their product offerings and pricing strategies to meet demand better.Key Points from the Episode:Explanation of the concept of Hypernomics Anecdote about observing an ant leading to the discovery of surveillance in ants and its relation to HypernomicsApplication of Hypernomics in real estate, restaurants, cars, airplanes, and software marketsExample of applying Hypernomics to help a restaurant increase revenue through seating arrangement analysisChallenge to the traditional supply and demand model Application of Hypernomics to the stock market Implications of Hypernomics for pricing strategiesBroader applications of HypernomicsPractical applications of Hypernomics, including consulting services for companies such as NASA, Lockheed Martin, and Virgin GalacticAbout Doug Howarth:Doug Howarth is an innovative figure in economics, having pioneered the concept of Hypernomics, also known as Multidimensional Economics (ME). He founded Hypernomics Inc. to advance this discipline, developing groundbreaking tools such as the MEE4DTM software—the world's first 4D analytics platform, for which he holds a US patent of 10,402,838. His professional experience includes significant roles like the F-117A Manufacturing Program Manager at Lockheed Martin Skunk Works and leadership in their Parametric Analysis Group. Doug has collaborated with significant aerospace and technology firms such as NASA, Lockheed Martin, Raytheon Technologies, Northrop Grumman, and Virgin Galactic.An accomplished academic and researcher, Doug has authored 14 peer-reviewed papers published through respected institutions across four continents, including the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), International Cost Estimating Analysts Association (ICEAA), and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). He has a Bachelor of Arts in Economics from Washington State University. About Hypernomics:Hypernomics is an innovative economic field developed around the concept of multidimensional market analysis. It fundamentally challenges traditional economic theories like the Law of Supply and Demand. It proposes the Law of Value and Demand, suggesting that markets operate within four or more mathematical dimensions rather than merely responding to physical or observable factors. This revolutionary perspective offers a new way of understanding how market dynamics form and fluctuate, much like the shift from Ptolemaic to Copernican cosmology transformed the understanding of the cosmos.The practical applications of Hypernomics are vast, from assessing the viability of new products in the market to determining appropriate pricing strategies against known market competition. Hypernomics allows businesses to discover sustainable market spaces and predict consumer behavior more accurately. The field is supported by patented analytical software and backed by...

“Rhabarberbarbara” Daniel 11:2-45 by William Klock On Wednesday a friend at the pool stopped me and asked if I'd watch a video on her phone and tell her what it was about.  It was in German and she didn't understand.  So she hit “play” and two men started singing and I laughed.  I said, “It's ‘Rhabarberbarbara' and they've set it to music.  “Rhabarberbarbara” is a German tongue twister poem.  Imagine “She sell seashells down by the seashore”, but it's all ba…ba…ba sounds, and with each stanza the tongue twisting part gets longer.  Barabara opens a bar to sell her rhubarb cake: Barbaras rhabarberbar”.  But pretty soon bald, bearded barbarians in need of a barber show up.  It's a funny poem and it's hard to say, but these two guys set it to music and sang the whole thing perfectly.  My friend said she liked how catchy it was, but had no idea what it meant.  I laughed, because this is how the Greeks came up with the word “barbarian” for foreigners.  Their languages just sounded like “Bar…bar…bar”.  If you don't know the language, your ear hears the repetitive sounds, but you have no idea what any of it means.  Imagine hearing “She sells seashells down by the sea shore” if you didn't speak English.  It's just rhyming repetitive gibberish. As I was walking away I started thinking how this is a metaphor for how a lot of people might hear Daniel 11, which is what we come to today.  It's the longest chapter in the book and most of it describes a long conflict between the King of the North and the King of the South.  The actual kings are never named.  The places involved aren't named.  It goes on and on, back and forth between north and south.  In this case the language is history, not German, but if you don't know the language it's not that different than my friend listening to that German tongue twister that's all bar…bar…bar.  It's just repetitive gibberish. But if you know the history, Chapter 11 describes the historical events that were whirling around Judah from the time of Daniel in the Sixth Century up to the 160s BC.  If you know the history a story emerges from the Rhubarberbarbara.  That said, knowing all the historical details isn't the important thing you need to take away.  I'll give you the big picture and skip the nitty-gritty.  If you want to know all the details, the actual historical events are well documented and you can look them up in a history book or Wikipedia.  If you've got an ESV Study Bible, it's all there with nifty maps and genealogies and historical outlines. But before we get into that, remember the lesson from Chapter 10.  That was the first part of this vision.  The lesson from that first part is that there's more going on than what we can see.  Daniel was frustrated and discouraged by earthly circumstances and—as we'll see—things weren't going to get any better.  It's easy to lose hope.  But the angel explained to him that the battles he saw being fought by kings on earth corresponded to battles being fought in the heavenlies.  The point of knowing this isn't to burden us with some new responsibility—as if there's something we can do to win those battles in the heavenlies.  Just the opposite.  Those battles in the heavenlies are not our responsibility.  Apart maybe from praying, there's nothing we can do to assist the angels.  God has given us things to do and battles to wage in our sphere and he and his heavenly forces will do battle in their sphere.  And the point is that we should find hope in that.  The battle here may feel hopeless.  But knowing that God fights a battle in the heavenlies that somehow corresponds to the one we fight here and that the outcome in the heavenlies corresponds to the outcome here—that should inspire hope to stand firm, to keep the faith, and to fight the good fight. Knowing that, the vision now continues with a summary of historical events.  Let's start with verses 2-4. “And now I will show you the truth. Behold, three more kings shall arise in Persia, and a fourth shall be far richer than all of them. And when he has become strong through his riches, he shall stir up all against the kingdom of Greece. Then a mighty king shall arise, who shall rule with great dominion and do as he wills. And as soon as he has arisen, his kingdom shall be broken and divided toward the four winds of heaven, but not to his posterity, nor according to the authority with which he ruled, for his kingdom shall be plucked up and go to others besides these.   There were more than four Persian kings following the time of Daniel.  This “three and a fourth” is a Hebrew way of talking about all the things.  We see it in Proverbs: “There are six things the Lord hates and a seventh is an abomination to him.”  The Lord hates more than seven things, but these seven are representative of all the things the Lord hates.  Just so with these four Persian kings.  The point is that the Persian empire will get bigger and bigger, richer and richer, more power and more powerful and eventually—and this is what happened historically—it will go up against Greece and be defeated.  Xerxes I invaded Greek territory.  He was defeated and that started a century of conflict that ended with the defeat of Persia by Alexander the Great.  And mighty Alexander, who like the beasts of earlier chapters rampaged and did what he willed—or so he thought—he fell almost as soon as he arose.  Alexander conquered the known world in fifteen years and suddenly died of a fever at the age of 32.  His generals fought over his empire and eventually divided it up four ways.  Two of those successor kingdoms would have a profound influence on the land of Judah: the Seleucid kingdom based in Syria—the King of the North—and the Ptolemaic kingdom based in Egypt—the King of the South.  That's the setup for the rest of the chapter, which rushes through about 160 years of the history that follows.  The Seleucid kings were Seleucus I-IV followed by Antiochus I-IV.  The Egyptian kings are easy: They were all named Ptolemy—Ptolemy I-VI.  (Actually there eventually thirteen Antiochuses and fifteen Ptolemies, the last being the son of Julius Caesar and Cleopatra VII.) Verses 5 to 20 move quickly through the first five Ptolemies, the first four Seleucuses, and the first three Antiochuses.  Fifteen verses sweep us through history from about 320BC to 175BC.  Here's the text: “Then the king of the south shall be strong, but one of his princes shall be stronger than he and shall rule, and his authority shall be a great authority. After some years they shall make an alliance, and the daughter of the king of the south shall come to the king of the north to make an agreement. But she shall not retain the strength of her arm, and he and his arm shall not endure, but she shall be given up, and her attendants, he who fathered her, and he who supported her in those times.   “And from a branch from her roots one shall arise in his place. He shall come against the army and enter the fortress of the king of the north, and he shall deal with them and shall prevail. He shall also carry off to Egypt their gods with their metal images and their precious vessels of silver and gold, and for some years he shall refrain from attacking the king of the north. Then the latter shall come into the realm of the king of the south but shall return to his own land.   “His sons shall wage war and assemble a multitude of great forces, which shall keep coming and overflow and pass through, and again shall carry the war as far as his fortress. Then the king of the south, moved with rage, shall come out and fight against the king of the north. And he shall raise a great multitude, but it shall be given into his hand. And when the multitude is taken away, his heart shall be exalted, and he shall cast down tens of thousands, but he shall not prevail. For the king of the north shall again raise a multitude, greater than the first. And after some years he shall come on with a great army and abundant supplies.   “In those times many shall rise against the king of the south, and the violent among your own people shall lift themselves up in order to fulfill the vision, but they shall fail. Then the king of the north shall come and throw up siegeworks and take a well-fortified city. And the forces of the south shall not stand, or even his best troops, for there shall be no strength to stand. But he who comes against him shall do as he wills, and none shall stand before him. And he shall stand in the glorious land, with destruction in his hand. He shall set his face to come with the strength of his whole kingdom, and he shall bring terms of an agreement and perform them. He shall give him the daughter of women to destroy the kingdom, but it shall not stand or be to his advantage. Afterward he shall turn his face to the coastlands and shall capture many of them, but a commander shall put an end to his insolence. Indeed, he shall turn his insolence back upon him. Then he shall turn his face back toward the fortresses of his own land, but he shall stumble and fall, and shall not be found.   “Then shall arise in his place one who shall send an exactor of tribute for the glory of the kingdom. But within a few days he shall be broken, neither in anger nor in battle.   If that makes as much sense as “Rhabarberbarbara”, that's okay.  If you know the history this maps right on to it, but if you don't, all you really need to know is that this describes about a century and a half of the kings of Egypt and Syria fighting with each other.  And that's important because of what's right between Egypt and Syria.  Picture a map in your head.  What's between Egypt and Syria?  That's right: Judah.  Judah sat on the crossroads of the ancient world and so it went back and forth between Egypt and Syria and eventually many of the Jews themselves got caught up in the politics and the intrigue.  Some of them thought that by siding with these pagan kings they were fulfilling God's purpose.  Again, when we see things happening in the world around us—the things we can see—it's easy to get caught up in them, it's easy to compromise our faith and our values and what's right.  But Daniel reminds us that there's more going on than what we can see with our eyes.  Things are never truly hopeless for God's people, because God is ultimately in control and because his angels fight for us.  We need to remember that as things get worse, and get worse they did for little Judah, caught in the middle of all this. Verse 20 describes the Syrian King, Seleucus IV Philopater.  He sent a “tax collector”, a man by the name of Heliodorus, to collect the money needed to pay tribute to Rome, which was now involved in the intrigue.  Heliodorus tried to plunder the temple in Jerusalem, but had a nightmare that put him off the idea.  Instead, Heliodorus poisoned the king, Seleucus IV.  That opened the door to the real terror.  Look at verses 21-35: In his place shall arise a contemptible person to whom royal majesty has not been given. He shall come in without warning and obtain the kingdom by flatteries. Armies shall be utterly swept away before him and broken, even the prince of the covenant. And from the time that an alliance is made with him he shall act deceitfully, and he shall become strong with a small people. Without warning he shall come into the richest parts of the province, and he shall do what neither his fathers nor his fathers' fathers have done, scattering among them plunder, spoil, and goods. He shall devise plans against strongholds, but only for a time. And he shall stir up his power and his heart against the king of the south with a great army. And the king of the south shall wage war with an exceedingly great and mighty army, but he shall not stand, for plots shall be devised against him. Even those who eat his food shall break him. His army shall be swept away, and many shall fall down slain. And as for the two kings, their hearts shall be bent on doing evil. They shall speak lies at the same table, but to no avail, for the end is yet to be at the time appointed. And he shall return to his land with great wealth, but his heart shall be set against the holy covenant. And he shall work his will and return to his own land.   “At the time appointed he shall return and come into the south, but it shall not be this time as it was before. For ships of Kittim shall come against him, and he shall be afraid and withdraw, and shall turn back and be enraged and take action against the holy covenant. He shall turn back and pay attention to those who forsake the holy covenant. Forces from him shall appear and profane the temple and fortress, and shall take away the regular burnt offering. And they shall set up the abomination that makes desolate. He shall seduce with flattery those who violate the covenant, but the people who know their God shall stand firm and take action. And the wise among the people shall make many understand, though for some days they shall stumble by sword and flame, by captivity and plunder. When they stumble, they shall receive a little help. And many shall join themselves to them with flattery, and some of the wise shall stumble, so that they may be refined, purified, and made white, until the time of the end, for it still awaits the appointed time.   The other kings were bad, but this new king who arises is truly contemptible.  The heir of Seleucus IV was imprisoned in Rome and Antiochus IV bought and manipulated his way to the throne in his place.  He took the name “Epiphanes” meaning “Manifest One”.  In short, he thought he was God.  And Antiochus Epiphanes did his best to turn Jerusalem into a pagan Greek city.  The passage here refers to him deposing the high priest, Onias III.  His action against the holy covenant refers to his making it illegal to live by torah, his manipulation of Jewish collaborators, and to his defilement of the altar in the temple.  But Antiochus Epiphanes pushed too hard.  It's not that the earlier Greek kings weren't bad or that they, too, hadn't imposed pagan culture on Judah, but none had ever made the effort that this king did.  For the most part, they'd left Judah alone, under the rule of the high priest, as long as he coughed up tribute money every year.  Under the earlier kings, most people didn't feel compelled to make a choice between the Lord and the pagan gods, but under Antiochus Epiphanes, that's just what happened.  No one could sit on the fence anymore.  No one could say that this didn't affect them.  And so the vision tells of the wise in the community standing up and encouraging the people—not all (there were many who collaborated with Antiochus), but still a good many of them—these wise ones encourage them to stand firm.  They prepared the faithful to pay with their lives for doing so.  Those days tested the faith of the people and, in the end, revealed who was seriously committed to the Lord and who was not.  Again, in all this we're reminded that God was at work in the days of Antiochus just like he had been in the exile back in Daniel's day. And this brings the vision up to what was the present day for the author of Daniel, about 167BC.  So far the vision has been relating the history that led up to this point as if it were a prophecy given by Daniel back in the Sixth Century.  With verse 36 the vision transitions.  Now it looks into the future.  But the style changes, too.  Everything becomes more grandiose, but more importantly, the description of how this crisis will reach its climax uses imagery and language from the Prophets, especially Isaiah 10, Ezekiel 38-39, and Psalms 2, 46, 48, and 76.  The Prophets spoke of the “End” and Daniel's vision describes the present crisis as another embodiment of that great “End”. This is the point where evangelical interpreters disagree with each other.  Some see the change in style, the language of the End, and the fact that Antiochus didn't exactly meet his death the way it's described here, some see all this as reason to think that the vision is now turning from the events of the Second Century to events much further in the future.  It's no longer talking about Antiochus IV Epiphanes, but about a future “Antichrist”.  Other evangelical scholars see nothing in the text that justifies that kind of change in subject and timeframe and believe this is still talking about events in the Second Century. Either way, there are difficult problems and anyone who says otherwise simply isn't being honest.  I'll say that Daniel 11:36-12:13 is the most difficult Bible text I've ever wrestled with and every time you think you've made progress untangling the ball of yarn, you discover that you've just turned one big knot into half a dozen smaller ones that are just as tenacious.  If you know me, you know I think it's best to let the text speak for itself even if that makes things difficult.  I can't see anything within the text itself that justifies projecting this part of Daniel into the far future.  The text itself is pretty clear that it's looking to the immediate future—to the three or three-and-a-half years to come, to the death of Antiochus, and to the vindication of the Jews who were faithful in that crisis.  I might be wrong, but either way you end up with some problems that are hard to resolve—I just prefer going the route that lets the biblical text speak most naturally for itself.  So, verses 36-45: “And the king shall do as he wills. He shall exalt himself and magnify himself above every god, and shall speak astonishing things against the God of gods. He shall prosper till the indignation is accomplished; for what is decreed shall be done. He shall pay no attention to the gods of his fathers, or to the one beloved by women. He shall not pay attention to any other god, for he shall magnify himself above all. He shall honor the god of fortresses instead of these. A god whom his fathers did not know he shall honor with gold and silver, with precious stones and costly gifts. He shall deal with the strongest fortresses with the help of a foreign god. Those who acknowledge him he shall load with honor. He shall make them rulers over many and shall divide the land for a price.   Antiochus Epiphanes wasn't unique in making claims of divinity and the description here about his idolatry is grandiose, but there's nothing in the text that suggests at all that this is suddenly about some other king, let alone an Antichrist figure in the distant future.  I think what's going on here is that the vision captures how it felt for the faithful Jews to live under Antiochus, because he was the first of these rulers to deliberately undermine their laws, their faith, their worship and to defile their temple.  We do the same thing in our political discourse all the time, turning bad politicians into over-the-top monsters, and our politicians aren't half the monster that Antiochus was.  It goes on:   “At the time of the end, the king of the south shall attack him, but the king of the north shall rush upon him like a whirlwind, with chariots and horsemen, and with many ships. And he shall come into countries and shall overflow and pass through. He shall come into the glorious land. And tens of thousands shall fall, but these shall be delivered out of his hand: Edom and Moab and the main part of the Ammonites. He shall stretch out his hand against the countries, and the land of Egypt shall not escape. He shall become ruler of the treasures of gold and of silver, and all the precious things of Egypt, and the Libyans and the Cushites shall follow in his train. But news from the east and the north shall alarm him, and he shall go out with great fury to destroy and devote many to destruction. And he shall pitch his palatial tents between the sea and the glorious holy mountain. Yet he shall come to his end, with none to help him.   We don't really know how Antiochus Epiphanes died.  The Greek historian Polybius and the books of 1 and 2 Maccabees give varying accounts of his being driven mad after an attempt to plunder a temple in Persia.  He seems to have died not long after.  1 and 2 Maccabees suggest that there was an element of divine wrath in his affliction and death.  The description here, again, seems grandiose and we know nothing of him pitching his tents between the sea and Mt. Zion.  Whatever we make of the specifics, what the author saw in the Prophets—and I think, too, that he was an astute observer of how the hubris of these Greek kings and their internal intrigues worked out in history—the author understood these things and could say with certainty that the wicked Antiochus Epiphanes would get his divine comeuppance. Whether this vision was actual prophecy or whether it was the author's attempt to exhort the faithful in Judah by working out a sort of pseudo-prophecy based on the visions of Daniel and the writings of Israel's prophets, the Spirit stands behind the text.  I've been wrestling with the difficulties here for months.  Is it prophecy?  Is it pseudo-prophecy?  Was it written in the Sixth Century or the Second?  Did the people who received it think it was written by Daniel hundreds of years before or did they know it was written by one of their own who was suffering under Antiochus just as they were?  These are hard questions and there's no easy solution.  But what I do know and what I keep coming back to is that the Holy Spirit stands behind these words and we know that, because Jesus drew on them as scripture and so did the writers of the New Testament.  I expect I'll get into this idea more next week, Lord willing, but I think Jesus' use of Daniel points us in the right direction, because Jesus used this last vision of Daniel to point to the future vindication and resurrection of his people.  In doing that I think Jesus was doing with Daniel what Daniel had done with the earlier prophets.  As I said a few minutes ago, the Prophets often pointed forward to the “End”—the End with a capital “E”—and it was usually associated with whatever historical events of judgement and vindication they were prophesying.  And those prophecies were fulfilled in history, those times of judgement and vindication came as they had said, but always that great End was still out there, always pointing to a time when there would be a great and final day, at the end of history, on which the wicked will be judged and the faithful will be vindicated and I think that's what's going on in this final vision of Daniel.  Through the judgement of the wicked and vindication of the just in his own day, the author of Daniel points even more emphatically than the prophets of old had, towards that final Day of the Lord.  And this, then, is what Jesus picks up from Daniel and makes his own.  In his death and resurrection, in his ascension and his judgement of faithless Jerusalem and the temple, Jesus is saying that that great eschatological End with a capital “E” is finally here.  The end of history has begun.  And in that he's much like the old Prophets and he's much like Daniel.  There's still time to go.  There are still things to be done on both earth and in the heavenlies before every last enemy has been put under his feet.  And in the meantime God's people—even now empowered by the gospel and the Spirit—God's people, like they always have, need this encouragement to stand firm, to keep the faith, and to fight he good fight—even if it means our death.  Our acclamation as we come to the Lord's Table gives us just this kind of exhortation and if you aren't accustomed to thinking of it that way, try to think of it that way from now on: Christ has died.  Christ has risen.  Christ will come again.  Jesus has fulfilled what the Prophets spoke.  He has inaugurated the End.  And now we live in that in between time—between the beginning of the End and the end of the End.  And that, Brothers and Sisters, is good news.  It is the exhortation we need to stand firm, to keep the faith, and to fight the good fight knowing that our Lord sits enthroned in the heavenlies and has already won the battle and decisively turned the tide of this war. Let's pray: Almighty God, you alone can bring into order the unruly wills and affections of sinners: Grant your people grace to love what you command and desire what you promise; that, among the many and varied changes of the world, our hearts may surely there be fixed where true joys are to be found; through Jesus Christ our Lord, who lives and reigns with you and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and for ever.  Amen.

pWotD Episode 2552: Cleopatra Welcome to popular Wiki of the Day where we read the summary of a popular Wikipedia page every day.With 138,235 views on Saturday, 27 April 2024 our article of the day is Cleopatra.Cleopatra VII Thea Philopator (Koinē Greek: Κλεοπάτρα Θεά Φιλοπάτωρ lit. Cleopatra "father-loving goddess"; 70/69 BC – 10 August 30 BC) was Queen of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt from 51 to 30 BC, and its last active ruler. A member of the Ptolemaic dynasty, she was a descendant of its founder Ptolemy I Soter, a Macedonian Greek general and companion of Alexander the Great. After the death of Cleopatra, Egypt became a province of the Roman Empire, marking the end of the last Hellenistic-period state in the Mediterranean and of the age that had lasted since the reign of Alexander (336–323 BC). Her first language was Koine Greek, and she was the only known Ptolemaic ruler to learn the Egyptian language.In 58 BC, Cleopatra presumably accompanied her father, Ptolemy XII Auletes, during his exile to Rome after a revolt in Egypt (a Roman client state) allowed his rival daughter Berenice IV to claim his throne. Berenice was killed in 55 BC when Ptolemy returned to Egypt with Roman military assistance. When he died in 51 BC, the joint reign of Cleopatra and her brother Ptolemy XIII began, but a falling-out between them led to an open civil war. After losing the 48 BC Battle of Pharsalus in Greece against his rival Julius Caesar (a Roman dictator and consul) in Caesar's civil war, the Roman statesman Pompey fled to Egypt. Pompey had been a political ally of Ptolemy XII, but Ptolemy XIII, at the urging of his court eunuchs, had Pompey ambushed and killed before Caesar arrived and occupied Alexandria. Caesar then attempted to reconcile the rival Ptolemaic siblings, but Ptolemy's chief adviser, Potheinos, viewed Caesar's terms as favoring Cleopatra, so his forces besieged her and Caesar at the palace. Shortly after the siege was lifted by reinforcements, Ptolemy XIII died in the Battle of the Nile; Cleopatra's half-sister Arsinoe IV was eventually exiled to Ephesus for her role in carrying out the siege. Caesar declared Cleopatra and her brother Ptolemy XIV joint rulers but maintained a private affair with Cleopatra that produced a son, Caesarion. Cleopatra traveled to Rome as a client queen in 46 and 44 BC, where she stayed at Caesar's villa. After Caesar's assassination, followed shortly afterwards by that of Ptolemy XIV (on Cleopatra's orders), she named Caesarion co-ruler as Ptolemy XV.In the Liberators' civil war of 43–42 BC, Cleopatra sided with the Roman Second Triumvirate formed by Caesar's grandnephew and heir Octavian, Mark Antony, and Marcus Aemilius Lepidus. After their meeting at Tarsos in 41 BC, the queen had an affair with Antony which produced three children. He carried out the execution of Arsinoe at her request, and became increasingly reliant on Cleopatra for both funding and military aid during his invasions of the Parthian Empire and the Kingdom of Armenia. The Donations of Alexandria declared their children rulers over various erstwhile territories under Antony's triumviral authority. This event, their marriage, and Antony's divorce of Octavian's sister Octavia Minor led to the final war of the Roman Republic. Octavian engaged in a war of propaganda, forced Antony's allies in the Roman Senate to flee Rome in 32 BC, and declared war on Cleopatra. After defeating Antony and Cleopatra's naval fleet at the 31 BC Battle of Actium, Octavian's forces invaded Egypt in 30 BC and defeated Antony, leading to Antony's suicide. When Cleopatra learned that Octavian planned to bring her to his Roman triumphal procession, she killed herself by poisoning, contrary to the popular belief that she was bitten by an asp.Cleopatra's legacy survives in ancient and modern works of art. Roman historiography and Latin poetry produced a generally critical view of the queen that pervaded later Medieval and Renaissance literature. In the visual arts, her ancient depictions include Roman busts, paintings, and sculptures, cameo carvings and glass, Ptolemaic and Roman coinage, and reliefs. In Renaissance and Baroque art, she was the subject of many works including operas, paintings, poetry, sculptures, and theatrical dramas. She has become a pop culture icon of Egyptomania since the Victorian era, and in modern times, Cleopatra has appeared in the applied and fine arts, burlesque satire, Hollywood films, and brand images for commercial products.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 01:39 UTC on Sunday, 28 April 2024.For the full current version of the article, see Cleopatra on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm Gregory Neural.

In this episode, Ellie Woodacre interviews Lloyd Llewellyn-Jones on his new book The Cleopatras. The Forgotten Queens of Egypt, published by Wildfire/Basic Books in May 2024. We discuss the need for this book which looks at all seven of the Cleopatras who were dynamic and fascinating co-rulers of Ptolemaic Egypt. We also discuss the particular dynamics of Ptolemaic rulership and the ways in which it brought together elements of Macedonian and Egyptian ideas of rule. In addition, we talk about how these women were 'goddess queens' who were worshipped both in their own time and after their death and how they used this quasi-divine status to enhance their power.Guest Bio: Lloyd Llewellyn-Jones is Professor in Ancient History at Cardiff University. His research concentrates, in the main, on the Persian empire, the ancient Near East, and the Hellenistic world. He also works on gender and reception history. Lloyd has published extensively, often with a focus on monarchy and court society. Recent books include King and Court in Ancient Persia (Edinburgh University Press, 2013), The Hellenistic Court (Classical Press of Wales, 2016), Persians: the Age of the Great Kings (Wildfire/Basic Books, 2022), Kleopatra Thea and Kleopatra III. Sister-Queens in the High-Hellenistic Period (Routledge, 2022), and Ancient Persia and the Book of Esther: Achaemenid Court Culture in the Hebrew Bible (I.B. Tauris, 2023). 

The spring 2024 edition of Unearthed! concludes with books and letters, fashion and cosmetics, medicine, shipwrecks, and the assorted finds that are categorized as potpourri. Research: Abdallah, Hannah. “The first Neolithic boats in the Mediterranean.” EurekAlert. 3/20/2024. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1037843 Adam Rohrlach, Cases of trisomy 21 and trisomy 18 among historic and prehistoric individuals discovered from ancient DNA, Nature Communications (2024). DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45438-1. www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-45438-1 Addley, Esther. “‘Flat-packed furniture for the next life': Roman funerary bed found in London.” The Guardian. 2/5/2024. https://www.theguardian.com/science/2024/feb/05/flat-packed-furniture-for-the-next-life-roman-funerary-bed-found-in-london Alberge, Dalya. “‘Incredibly rare' discovery reveals bedbugs came to Britain with the Romans.” The Guardian. 2/3/2024. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/feb/03/incredibly-rare-discovery-reveals-bedbugs-came-to-britain-with-the-romans Anderson, Sonja. “Another Mysterious Roman Dodecahedron Has Been Unearthed in England.” Smithsonian. 1/22/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/another-of-ancient-romes-mysterious-12-sided-objects-has-been-found-in-england-180983632/ Anderson, Sonja. “Bodies and Treasure Found in Polish Lake Could Be Connected to Ancient Water Ritual.” Smithsonian. 1/26/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/ancient-europeans-buried-bodies-and-treasure-in-this-polish-lake-180983666/ Anderson, Sonja. “Just How Old Are the Cave Paintings in Spain's Cova Dones?.” Smithsonian Magazine. January/February 2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-old-cave-paintings-spain-cova-dones-180983456/ Anderson, Sonja. “Police Find Ancient Teenager's Body, Preserved in Irish Bog for 2,500 Years.” 2/6/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/a-bog-in-northern-ireland-preserved-this-teenagers-body-for-2500-years-180983734/ Anderson, Sonja. “Sunken British Warship That Left Crew Marooned for 66 Days Has Been Identified.” Smithsonian Magazine. 3/27/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-the-marooned-crew-of-this-sunken-warship-escaped-the-florida-keys-in-improvised-boats-180984028/ Anderson, Sonja. “This Medieval Sword Spent 1,000 Years at the Bottom of a Polish River.” Smithsonian. 2/6/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/this-medieval-sword-spent-1000-years-at-the-bottom-of-a-polish-river-180983684/ “Megalithic ‘Blinkerwall' Found in the Baltic Sea.” 2/14/2024. https://www.archaeology.org/news/12157-240214-baltic-sea-blinkerwall “Unbaked Neolithic Bread Identified in Turkey.” 3/6/2024. https://www.archaeology.org/news/12195-240306-turkey-unbaked-bread org. “Ship's Bell Recovered From Torpedoed WWI Destroyer.” 2/15/2024. https://www.archaeology.org/news/12161-240215-jacob-jones-bell ArtNet News. “Archaeologists Discover a Medieval Kitchen in a Polish Museum's Basement.”2/8/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/royal-kitchen-poland-museum-basement-2429236 Babbs, Verity. “A Chinese Imperial Robe Found in a Cardboard Box Could Fetch $60,000 at Auction.” ArtNet. 2/29/2024. https://news.artnet.com/market/imperial-robe-dreweatts-2444018 Babbs, Verity. “A Liverpool Museum Wants Your Help to ID This Enigmatic Portrait.” ArtNet. 3/22/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/liverpool-museums-black-boy-information-request-2457075 Babbs, Verity. “An Artifact Found by a Metal Detectorist in Wales Is Officially Treasure.” 3/19/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/silver-thimble-treasure-2454023 Babbs, Verity. “Experts Have Identified the Tombs Where Alexander the Great's Family Are Buried.” Artnet. 2/21/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/alexander-the-great-father-tomb-2437376 Babbs, Verity. “Is the Secret Ingredient to Preserving Ancient Papyrus…Wasabi?.” ArtNet. 2/29/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/wasabi-ancient-egyptian-papyrus-2443171 Bangor University. “Researchers locate cargo ship SS Hartdale, torpedoed in 1915.” Phys.org. 3/13/2024. https://phys.org/news/2024-03-cargo-ship-ss-hartdale-torpedoed.html#google_vignette Bartelme, Tony. “Searching for Amelia Earhart.” Post and Courier. https://www.postandcourier.com/news/special_reports/amelia-earhart-search-tony-romeo-deep-sea-vision/article_3a42e6a8-a0e5-11ee-a942-77a1581d6b19.html Binswanger, Julia. “Engravings on 2,000-Year-Old Knife Might Be the Oldest Runes Ever Found in Denmark.” 1/25/2025. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/archaeologists-find-denmarks-oldest-written-word-on-a-2000-year-old-knife-180983650/ Binswanger, Julia. “Metal Detectorist Finds a Rare 3,000-Year-Old Dress Fastener.” Smithsonian. 3/13/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/metal-detectorist-finds-a-potentially-life-changing-3000-year-old-gold-accessory-180983770/ Cardiff University. “Evidence of ancient medieval feasting rituals uncovered in grounds of historic property.” Phys.org. 1/4/2024. https://phys.org/news/2024-01-evidence-ancient-medieval-feasting-rituals.html Cawley, Laurence & Sam Russell. “Medieval paintings found at Christ's College, Cambridge by builders.” 1/9/2024. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-67926737 CBS News. “Theft of ruby slippers from "Wizard of Oz" was reformed mobster's "one last score," court memo says.” 1/21/2024. https://www.cbsnews.com/minnesota/news/reformed-mobster-one-last-score-judy-garlands-wizard-of-oz-ruby-slippers/. Clayton, Abene. “Second man charged with stealing Dorothy's Wizard of Oz ruby slippers.” The Guardian. 3/18/2024. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/mar/18/wizard-of-oz-ruby-slippers-stolen-second-man-charged “Discovery of immense fortifications dating back 4,000 years in northwestern Arabia.” Phys.org. 1/10/2024. https://phys.org/news/2024-01-discovery-immense-fortifications-dating-years.html#google_vignette “Solving the 120-year maritime mystery of the SS Nemesis.” PhysOrg. 2/26/2024. https://phys.org/news/2024-02-year-maritime-mystery-ss-nemesis.html Deb, Sopan. “Old Newspaper Stories Offer Clues to 19th-Century Shipwreck in Lake Michigan.” New York Times. 3/28/2024. https://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/28/us/uss-milwaukee-shipwreck.html?smid=em-share Deter-Wolf A, Robitaille B, Riday D, Burlot A, Sialuk Jacobsen M. Chalcolithic Tattooing: Historical and Experimental Evaluation of the Tyrolean Iceman's Body Markings. European Journal of Archaeology. Published online 2024:1-22. doi:10.1017/eaa.2024.5 Dietrich, Oliver. “Burial mounds and a chariot grave. Archaeologists discover a Neolithic burial landscape on the Eulenberg near Magdeburg.” 3/15/2024. https://idw-online.de/en/news830373 Drury-Bradey, Paul. “Huge tsunami with 20 meter waves may have wiped out Stone Age communities in Northumberland.” Phys.org. 1/29/2024. https://phys.org/news/2024-01-huge-tsunami-meter-stone-age.html#google_vignette El-Aref, Nevine. “Spanish archaeologists unearth Ptolemaic and Roman treasures in Minya's Al Bahnasa.” Ahram Online. 1/8/2024. https://english.ahram.org.eg/News/515253.aspx Eskandari, N., De Carlo, E., Zorzi, F. et al. A Bronze Age lip-paint from southeastern Iran. Sci Rep 14, 2670 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-52490-w Georgiou, Aristos. “Prehistoric Burials Reveal Early Evidence of Body Piercing 11,000 Years Ago.” Newsweek. 3/11/2024. https://www.newsweek.com/prehistoric-burials-reveal-early-evidence-body-piercing-11000-years-ago-1877984 Green, Clare. “First prehistoric person with Turner syndrome identified from ancient DNA.” Via EurekAlert. 1/11/2024. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1030707 Hemsworth, Wade. “Researchers create method to detect cases of anemia in archaeological remains.” Via EurekAlert. 2/28/2024. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1035984 Huntington, Stewart. “New NAGPRA rules: ‘We have an obligation to change'.” Indian Country Today. 3/20/2024. https://ictnews.org/news/new-nagpra-rules-we-have-an-obligation-to-change “ICT Reports: NAGPRA crackdown sends museums reeling.” Indian Country Today. 3/22/2024. https://ictnews.org/news/ict-reports-nagpra-crackdown-sends-museums-reeling Killgrove, Kristina. “1st known tuberculosis cases in Neanderthals revealed in prehistoric bone analysis.” LiveScience. 2/2/2024. https://www.livescience.com/archaeology/1st-known-tuberculosis-cases-in-neanderthals-revealed-in-prehistoric-bone-anaylsis Kuta, Sarah. “Everyone Thought This 4,000-Year-Old Tomb Had Been Destroyed. Then, an Archaeologist Found It.” Smithsonian. 1/30/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/lost-tomb-rediscovered-ireland-180983662/ Lawson-Tancred, Jo. “A Stolen Van Gogh Painting Worth $6.5 Million Will Go Back on Display.” Artnet. 2/8/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/stolen-van-gogh-on-display-2430094 Lawson-Tancred, Jo. “British Museum Will Publicly Display Some of Its Stolen Gems.” 2/2/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/british-museum-gems-on-display-2427128 Lawson-Tancred, Jo. “Students Make Major Breakthrough in Use of A.I. to Decipher Ancient Scrolls.” Artnet. 2/7/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/students-make-major-breakthrough-in-use-of-a-i-to-decipher-ancient-scrolls-2429506 Leonardo P. Troiano et al, A remarkable assemblage of petroglyphs and dinosaur footprints in Northeast Brazil, Scientific Reports (2024). DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56479-3 Lewsey, Fred. “Study reveals ‘cozy domesticity' of prehistoric stilt-house dwellers in England's ancient marshland.” University of Cambridge via EurekAlert. 3/19/2024. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1037495 Marx, Danae. “Unraveling the mysteries of the Mongolian Arc: exploring a monumental 405-kilometer wall system in Eastern Mongolia.” EurekAlert. 1/3/2024. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1030161 Matthew Steggle, John Shakespeare's "Spiritual Testament" Is Not John Shakespeare's, Shakespeare Quarterly (2024). DOI: 10.1093/sq/quae003 net. “Medieval love badge discovered in Poland.” https://www.medievalists.net/2024/02/medieval-love-badge-discovered-in-poland/ Metcalfe, Tom. “3,300-year-old tablet from mysterious Hittite Empire describes catastrophic invasion of four cities.” LiveScience. 3/11/2024. https://www.livescience.com/archaeology/3300-year-old-tablet-from-mysterious-hittite-empire-describes-catastrophic-invasion-of-four-cities Metcalfe, Tom. “Undeciphered script from Easter Island may predate European colonization.” LiveScience. 2/9/2024. https://www.livescience.com/archaeology/undeciphered-script-from-easter-island-may-predate-european-colonization Moran, Tony. “First DNA study of ancient Eastern Arabians reveals malaria adaptation – study.” EurekAlert. 2/27/2024. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1035287 Morris, Steven. “Tintern Abbey excavation suggests poor people were later buried alongside lords.” Steven Morris. The Guardian. 1/3/2024. https://www.theguardian.com/science/2024/jan/04/tintern-abbey-excavation-suggests-poor-people-were-later-buried-alongside-lords O'Laughlin Frank. “‘Rising tide lifts all boats': Century-old shipwreck unearthed on Massachusetts beach.” Boston 25 News. 3/12/2024. https://www.boston25news.com/news/local/rising-tide-lifts-all-boats-century-old-shipwreck-unearthed-massachusetts-beach/DLLJF5C3DZGKJOEUU7KTRUWUZI/ org. “Archaeologists probe mysterious Canadian shipwreck.” 2/6/2024. https://phys.org/news/2024-02-archaeologists-probe-mysterious-canadian-shipwreck.html org. “Vessel off Florida Keys identified as British warship that sank in the 18th century.” 3/10/2024. https://phys.org/news/2024-03-vessel-florida-keys-british-warship.html#google_vignette Qiblawi, Adnan. “Italians Worry the Deciphering of the Herculaneum Scrolls Could Lead to More Digs.” 2/20/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/italians-fear-more-herculaneum-digs-vesuvius-2437451 Quiblawi, Adnan. “Spanish Archaeologists Make the Sweet Discovery of a 19th-Century Chocolate Factory.” ArtNet. 2/15/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/barcelona-19th-century-chocolate-factory-2435176 Rascius, Brendan. “Spicy wine: New study reveals ancient Romans may have had peculiar tastes.” Phys.org. 1/24/2024. https://phys.org/news/2024-01-spicy-wine-reveals-ancient-romans.html Schrader, Adam. “Ancient Lipstick Dating Back More Than Three Millennia Is Found in Iran.” ArtNet. 2/14/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/ancient-lipstick-found-in-iran-2434396 Schrader, Adam. “The Van Gogh Museum Fires Four Staff Members Over Pokémon Chaos.” ArtNet. 1/24/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/van-gogh-museum-fires-workers-pokemon-2422901 Shoichet, Catherine E. “A new trove of records could help many reconnect with their Irish roots. They come from a surprising source.” CNN. 3/8/2024. https://www.cnn.com/2024/03/08/world/irish-ancestry-guinness-brewery-archives-cec/index.html Smithsonian Magazine. “Metal Detectorist Finds Rare 1,500-Year-Old Gold Ring in Denmark.” 2/26/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/metal-detectorist-discovers-a-rare-1500-year-old-gold-ring-in-denmark-180983830/ ‘ South Tyrol Museum of Archaeology. “Ötzi's tattooing technique through self-experimentation.” https://www.iceman.it/en/tattootechniqueotzi/ Sullivan, Will. “Ancient DNA From Eurasian Herders Sheds Light on the Origins of Multiple Sclerosis.” Smithsonian Magazine. 1/12/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/ancient-dna-from-eurasian-herders-sheds-light-on-the-origins-of-multiple-sclerosis-180983579/ The Francis Crick Institute. “First prehistoric person with Turner syndrome identified from ancient DNA.” 1/11/2024 https://phys.org/news/2024-01-prehistoric-person-turner-syndrome-ancient.html The History Blog. “Full gamut of Neolithic occupation, funerary practices found at site in France.” http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/69681 The History Blog. “Medieval love token found under Gdańsk port crane.” 2/17/2024. https://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/69492 The History Blog. “Rare medieval belt loop found in Poland.” 3/20/2024. https://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/69734 The History Blog. “Rare Merovingian gold ring found in Jutland.” 2/20/2024. https://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/69517 The History Blog. “Roman silver toilet spoon found in Wales.” 1/30/2024. https://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/69380 The History Blog. “Section of Roman 3rd century wall found in Aachen.” 3/24/2024. http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/69767 The History Blog. “Warring States cemetery with chariot burial found in central China.” https://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/69748 The National Archives. “Pristine sweater in parcel posted in 1807.” 2/29/2024. https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/about/news/pristine-sweater-found-in-parcel-posted-in-1807/ Thijs Porck, Newly Discovered Pieces of an Old English Glossed Psalter: The Alkmaar Fragments of the N-Psalter, Anglo-Saxon England (2024). DOI: 10.1017/S0263675123000121 Thorsberg, Christian. “DNA From 2,000-Year-Old Skeletons Hints at the Origins of Syphilis.” Smithsonian Magazine. 1/29/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/dna-from-2000-year-old-skeletons-hints-at-the-origins-of-syphilis-180983657/ Tondo, Lorenzo. “Archaeologists find Pompeii fresco depicting Greek mythological siblings.” The Guardian. 3/1/2024. https://www.theguardian.com/science/2024/mar/01/pompeii-fresco-phrixus-and-helle-greek-mythological-siblings S. Department of the Interior. “Interior Department Announces Final Rule for Implementation of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act.” 12/6/2023. https://www.doi.gov/pressreleases/interior-department-announces-final-rule-implementation-native-american-graves “Anglo-Saxon cemetery discovered in Lincolnshire to appear on BBC.” https://www.viking-link.com/news/anglo-saxon-cemetery-discovered-in-lincolnshire-to-appear-on-bbc-s-digging-for-britain/ Weber, Bob. “Divers involved in Franklin expedition say the 2023 season 'highly productive'.” CBC. 1/29/2024. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/franklin-expedition-update-2024-1.7097874 Whiddington, Richard. “Archaeologists in Brazil Discover 16 New Rock Art Sites.” ArtNet. 3/14/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/16-new-rock-art-sites-brazil-2452134 See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Time for all the things literally or figuratively unearthed in the first quarter of 2024. Part one includes updates, burial sites, walls, edibles and potables, and art and architecture.  Research: Abdallah, Hannah. “The first Neolithic boats in the Mediterranean.” EurekAlert. 3/20/2024. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1037843 Adam Rohrlach, Cases of trisomy 21 and trisomy 18 among historic and prehistoric individuals discovered from ancient DNA, Nature Communications (2024). DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45438-1. www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-45438-1 Addley, Esther. “‘Flat-packed furniture for the next life': Roman funerary bed found in London.” The Guardian. 2/5/2024. https://www.theguardian.com/science/2024/feb/05/flat-packed-furniture-for-the-next-life-roman-funerary-bed-found-in-london Alberge, Dalya. “‘Incredibly rare' discovery reveals bedbugs came to Britain with the Romans.” The Guardian. 2/3/2024. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/feb/03/incredibly-rare-discovery-reveals-bedbugs-came-to-britain-with-the-romans Anderson, Sonja. “Another Mysterious Roman Dodecahedron Has Been Unearthed in England.” Smithsonian. 1/22/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/another-of-ancient-romes-mysterious-12-sided-objects-has-been-found-in-england-180983632/ Anderson, Sonja. “Bodies and Treasure Found in Polish Lake Could Be Connected to Ancient Water Ritual.” Smithsonian. 1/26/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/ancient-europeans-buried-bodies-and-treasure-in-this-polish-lake-180983666/ Anderson, Sonja. “Just How Old Are the Cave Paintings in Spain's Cova Dones?.” Smithsonian Magazine. January/February 2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-old-cave-paintings-spain-cova-dones-180983456/ Anderson, Sonja. “Police Find Ancient Teenager's Body, Preserved in Irish Bog for 2,500 Years.” 2/6/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/a-bog-in-northern-ireland-preserved-this-teenagers-body-for-2500-years-180983734/ Anderson, Sonja. “Sunken British Warship That Left Crew Marooned for 66 Days Has Been Identified.” Smithsonian Magazine. 3/27/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/how-the-marooned-crew-of-this-sunken-warship-escaped-the-florida-keys-in-improvised-boats-180984028/ Anderson, Sonja. “This Medieval Sword Spent 1,000 Years at the Bottom of a Polish River.” Smithsonian. 2/6/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/this-medieval-sword-spent-1000-years-at-the-bottom-of-a-polish-river-180983684/ “Megalithic ‘Blinkerwall' Found in the Baltic Sea.” 2/14/2024. https://www.archaeology.org/news/12157-240214-baltic-sea-blinkerwall “Unbaked Neolithic Bread Identified in Turkey.” 3/6/2024. https://www.archaeology.org/news/12195-240306-turkey-unbaked-bread org. “Ship's Bell Recovered From Torpedoed WWI Destroyer.” 2/15/2024. https://www.archaeology.org/news/12161-240215-jacob-jones-bell ArtNet News. “Archaeologists Discover a Medieval Kitchen in a Polish Museum's Basement.”2/8/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/royal-kitchen-poland-museum-basement-2429236 Babbs, Verity. “A Chinese Imperial Robe Found in a Cardboard Box Could Fetch $60,000 at Auction.” ArtNet. 2/29/2024. https://news.artnet.com/market/imperial-robe-dreweatts-2444018 Babbs, Verity. “A Liverpool Museum Wants Your Help to ID This Enigmatic Portrait.” ArtNet. 3/22/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/liverpool-museums-black-boy-information-request-2457075 Babbs, Verity. “An Artifact Found by a Metal Detectorist in Wales Is Officially Treasure.” 3/19/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/silver-thimble-treasure-2454023 Babbs, Verity. “Experts Have Identified the Tombs Where Alexander the Great's Family Are Buried.” Artnet. 2/21/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/alexander-the-great-father-tomb-2437376 Babbs, Verity. “Is the Secret Ingredient to Preserving Ancient Papyrus…Wasabi?.” ArtNet. 2/29/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/wasabi-ancient-egyptian-papyrus-2443171 Bangor University. “Researchers locate cargo ship SS Hartdale, torpedoed in 1915.” Phys.org. 3/13/2024. https://phys.org/news/2024-03-cargo-ship-ss-hartdale-torpedoed.html#google_vignette Bartelme, Tony. “Searching for Amelia Earhart.” Post and Courier. https://www.postandcourier.com/news/special_reports/amelia-earhart-search-tony-romeo-deep-sea-vision/article_3a42e6a8-a0e5-11ee-a942-77a1581d6b19.html Binswanger, Julia. “Engravings on 2,000-Year-Old Knife Might Be the Oldest Runes Ever Found in Denmark.” 1/25/2025. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/archaeologists-find-denmarks-oldest-written-word-on-a-2000-year-old-knife-180983650/ Binswanger, Julia. “Metal Detectorist Finds a Rare 3,000-Year-Old Dress Fastener.” Smithsonian. 3/13/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/metal-detectorist-finds-a-potentially-life-changing-3000-year-old-gold-accessory-180983770/ Cardiff University. “Evidence of ancient medieval feasting rituals uncovered in grounds of historic property.” Phys.org. 1/4/2024. https://phys.org/news/2024-01-evidence-ancient-medieval-feasting-rituals.html Cawley, Laurence & Sam Russell. “Medieval paintings found at Christ's College, Cambridge by builders.” 1/9/2024. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-67926737 CBS News. “Theft of ruby slippers from "Wizard of Oz" was reformed mobster's "one last score," court memo says.” 1/21/2024. https://www.cbsnews.com/minnesota/news/reformed-mobster-one-last-score-judy-garlands-wizard-of-oz-ruby-slippers/. Clayton, Abene. “Second man charged with stealing Dorothy's Wizard of Oz ruby slippers.” The Guardian. 3/18/2024. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/mar/18/wizard-of-oz-ruby-slippers-stolen-second-man-charged “Discovery of immense fortifications dating back 4,000 years in northwestern Arabia.” Phys.org. 1/10/2024. https://phys.org/news/2024-01-discovery-immense-fortifications-dating-years.html#google_vignette “Solving the 120-year maritime mystery of the SS Nemesis.” PhysOrg. 2/26/2024. https://phys.org/news/2024-02-year-maritime-mystery-ss-nemesis.html Deb, Sopan. “Old Newspaper Stories Offer Clues to 19th-Century Shipwreck in Lake Michigan.” New York Times. 3/28/2024. https://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/28/us/uss-milwaukee-shipwreck.html?smid=em-share Deter-Wolf A, Robitaille B, Riday D, Burlot A, Sialuk Jacobsen M. Chalcolithic Tattooing: Historical and Experimental Evaluation of the Tyrolean Iceman's Body Markings. European Journal of Archaeology. Published online 2024:1-22. doi:10.1017/eaa.2024.5 Dietrich, Oliver. “Burial mounds and a chariot grave. Archaeologists discover a Neolithic burial landscape on the Eulenberg near Magdeburg.” 3/15/2024. https://idw-online.de/en/news830373 Drury-Bradey, Paul. “Huge tsunami with 20 meter waves may have wiped out Stone Age communities in Northumberland.” Phys.org. 1/29/2024. https://phys.org/news/2024-01-huge-tsunami-meter-stone-age.html#google_vignette El-Aref, Nevine. “Spanish archaeologists unearth Ptolemaic and Roman treasures in Minya's Al Bahnasa.” Ahram Online. 1/8/2024. https://english.ahram.org.eg/News/515253.aspx Eskandari, N., De Carlo, E., Zorzi, F. et al. A Bronze Age lip-paint from southeastern Iran. Sci Rep 14, 2670 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-52490-w Georgiou, Aristos. “Prehistoric Burials Reveal Early Evidence of Body Piercing 11,000 Years Ago.” Newsweek. 3/11/2024. https://www.newsweek.com/prehistoric-burials-reveal-early-evidence-body-piercing-11000-years-ago-1877984 Green, Clare. “First prehistoric person with Turner syndrome identified from ancient DNA.” Via EurekAlert. 1/11/2024. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1030707 Hemsworth, Wade. “Researchers create method to detect cases of anemia in archaeological remains.” Via EurekAlert. 2/28/2024. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1035984 Huntington, Stewart. “New NAGPRA rules: ‘We have an obligation to change'.” Indian Country Today. 3/20/2024. https://ictnews.org/news/new-nagpra-rules-we-have-an-obligation-to-change “ICT Reports: NAGPRA crackdown sends museums reeling.” Indian Country Today. 3/22/2024. https://ictnews.org/news/ict-reports-nagpra-crackdown-sends-museums-reeling Killgrove, Kristina. “1st known tuberculosis cases in Neanderthals revealed in prehistoric bone analysis.” LiveScience. 2/2/2024. https://www.livescience.com/archaeology/1st-known-tuberculosis-cases-in-neanderthals-revealed-in-prehistoric-bone-anaylsis Kuta, Sarah. “Everyone Thought This 4,000-Year-Old Tomb Had Been Destroyed. Then, an Archaeologist Found It.” Smithsonian. 1/30/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/lost-tomb-rediscovered-ireland-180983662/ Lawson-Tancred, Jo. “A Stolen Van Gogh Painting Worth $6.5 Million Will Go Back on Display.” Artnet. 2/8/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/stolen-van-gogh-on-display-2430094 Lawson-Tancred, Jo. “British Museum Will Publicly Display Some of Its Stolen Gems.” 2/2/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/british-museum-gems-on-display-2427128 Lawson-Tancred, Jo. “Students Make Major Breakthrough in Use of A.I. to Decipher Ancient Scrolls.” Artnet. 2/7/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/students-make-major-breakthrough-in-use-of-a-i-to-decipher-ancient-scrolls-2429506 Leonardo P. Troiano et al, A remarkable assemblage of petroglyphs and dinosaur footprints in Northeast Brazil, Scientific Reports (2024). DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56479-3 Lewsey, Fred. “Study reveals ‘cozy domesticity' of prehistoric stilt-house dwellers in England's ancient marshland.” University of Cambridge via EurekAlert. 3/19/2024. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1037495 Marx, Danae. “Unraveling the mysteries of the Mongolian Arc: exploring a monumental 405-kilometer wall system in Eastern Mongolia.” EurekAlert. 1/3/2024. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1030161 Matthew Steggle, John Shakespeare's "Spiritual Testament" Is Not John Shakespeare's, Shakespeare Quarterly (2024). DOI: 10.1093/sq/quae003 net. “Medieval love badge discovered in Poland.” https://www.medievalists.net/2024/02/medieval-love-badge-discovered-in-poland/ Metcalfe, Tom. “3,300-year-old tablet from mysterious Hittite Empire describes catastrophic invasion of four cities.” LiveScience. 3/11/2024. https://www.livescience.com/archaeology/3300-year-old-tablet-from-mysterious-hittite-empire-describes-catastrophic-invasion-of-four-cities Metcalfe, Tom. “Undeciphered script from Easter Island may predate European colonization.” LiveScience. 2/9/2024. https://www.livescience.com/archaeology/undeciphered-script-from-easter-island-may-predate-european-colonization Moran, Tony. “First DNA study of ancient Eastern Arabians reveals malaria adaptation – study.” EurekAlert. 2/27/2024. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1035287 Morris, Steven. “Tintern Abbey excavation suggests poor people were later buried alongside lords.” Steven Morris. The Guardian. 1/3/2024. https://www.theguardian.com/science/2024/jan/04/tintern-abbey-excavation-suggests-poor-people-were-later-buried-alongside-lords O'Laughlin Frank. “‘Rising tide lifts all boats': Century-old shipwreck unearthed on Massachusetts beach.” Boston 25 News. 3/12/2024. https://www.boston25news.com/news/local/rising-tide-lifts-all-boats-century-old-shipwreck-unearthed-massachusetts-beach/DLLJF5C3DZGKJOEUU7KTRUWUZI/ org. “Archaeologists probe mysterious Canadian shipwreck.” 2/6/2024. https://phys.org/news/2024-02-archaeologists-probe-mysterious-canadian-shipwreck.html org. “Vessel off Florida Keys identified as British warship that sank in the 18th century.” 3/10/2024. https://phys.org/news/2024-03-vessel-florida-keys-british-warship.html#google_vignette Qiblawi, Adnan. “Italians Worry the Deciphering of the Herculaneum Scrolls Could Lead to More Digs.” 2/20/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/italians-fear-more-herculaneum-digs-vesuvius-2437451 Quiblawi, Adnan. “Spanish Archaeologists Make the Sweet Discovery of a 19th-Century Chocolate Factory.” ArtNet. 2/15/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/barcelona-19th-century-chocolate-factory-2435176 Rascius, Brendan. “Spicy wine: New study reveals ancient Romans may have had peculiar tastes.” Phys.org. 1/24/2024. https://phys.org/news/2024-01-spicy-wine-reveals-ancient-romans.html Schrader, Adam. “Ancient Lipstick Dating Back More Than Three Millennia Is Found in Iran.” ArtNet. 2/14/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/ancient-lipstick-found-in-iran-2434396 Schrader, Adam. “The Van Gogh Museum Fires Four Staff Members Over Pokémon Chaos.” ArtNet. 1/24/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/van-gogh-museum-fires-workers-pokemon-2422901 Shoichet, Catherine E. “A new trove of records could help many reconnect with their Irish roots. They come from a surprising source.” CNN. 3/8/2024. https://www.cnn.com/2024/03/08/world/irish-ancestry-guinness-brewery-archives-cec/index.html Smithsonian Magazine. “Metal Detectorist Finds Rare 1,500-Year-Old Gold Ring in Denmark.” 2/26/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/metal-detectorist-discovers-a-rare-1500-year-old-gold-ring-in-denmark-180983830/ ‘ South Tyrol Museum of Archaeology. “Ötzi's tattooing technique through self-experimentation.” https://www.iceman.it/en/tattootechniqueotzi/ Sullivan, Will. “Ancient DNA From Eurasian Herders Sheds Light on the Origins of Multiple Sclerosis.” Smithsonian Magazine. 1/12/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/ancient-dna-from-eurasian-herders-sheds-light-on-the-origins-of-multiple-sclerosis-180983579/ The Francis Crick Institute. “First prehistoric person with Turner syndrome identified from ancient DNA.” 1/11/2024 https://phys.org/news/2024-01-prehistoric-person-turner-syndrome-ancient.html The History Blog. “Full gamut of Neolithic occupation, funerary practices found at site in France.” http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/69681 The History Blog. “Medieval love token found under Gdańsk port crane.” 2/17/2024. https://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/69492 The History Blog. “Rare medieval belt loop found in Poland.” 3/20/2024. https://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/69734 The History Blog. “Rare Merovingian gold ring found in Jutland.” 2/20/2024. https://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/69517 The History Blog. “Roman silver toilet spoon found in Wales.” 1/30/2024. https://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/69380 The History Blog. “Section of Roman 3rd century wall found in Aachen.” 3/24/2024. http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/69767 The History Blog. “Warring States cemetery with chariot burial found in central China.” https://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/69748 The National Archives. “Pristine sweater in parcel posted in 1807.” 2/29/2024. https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/about/news/pristine-sweater-found-in-parcel-posted-in-1807/ Thijs Porck, Newly Discovered Pieces of an Old English Glossed Psalter: The Alkmaar Fragments of the N-Psalter, Anglo-Saxon England (2024). DOI: 10.1017/S0263675123000121 Thorsberg, Christian. “DNA From 2,000-Year-Old Skeletons Hints at the Origins of Syphilis.” Smithsonian Magazine. 1/29/2024. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/dna-from-2000-year-old-skeletons-hints-at-the-origins-of-syphilis-180983657/ Tondo, Lorenzo. “Archaeologists find Pompeii fresco depicting Greek mythological siblings.” The Guardian. 3/1/2024. https://www.theguardian.com/science/2024/mar/01/pompeii-fresco-phrixus-and-helle-greek-mythological-siblings S. Department of the Interior. “Interior Department Announces Final Rule for Implementation of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act.” 12/6/2023. https://www.doi.gov/pressreleases/interior-department-announces-final-rule-implementation-native-american-graves “Anglo-Saxon cemetery discovered in Lincolnshire to appear on BBC.” https://www.viking-link.com/news/anglo-saxon-cemetery-discovered-in-lincolnshire-to-appear-on-bbc-s-digging-for-britain/ Weber, Bob. “Divers involved in Franklin expedition say the 2023 season 'highly productive'.” CBC. 1/29/2024. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/franklin-expedition-update-2024-1.7097874 Whiddington, Richard. “Archaeologists in Brazil Discover 16 New Rock Art Sites.” ArtNet. 3/14/2024. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/16-new-rock-art-sites-brazil-2452134 See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

If you have not heard of Arsinoe II, you are missing out on a great story. Arsinoe started out as the daughter of the first Ptolemaic pharaoh of Egypt and, through her own grit, determination and political savvy, managed to survive the disastrous political consequences of her first husband's death and come back to her home country as its queen. Join me in learning about the women who set the standard for Greek-Egyptian queens!

✨NEW! 5-WEEK COURSE "MIDPOINTS, ASPECTS & HARMONIC CHARTS." WITH SUPERSTAR ASTROLOGER ALEJO LOPEZ! SIGN UP BEFORE APR 30TH TO CHOOSE YOUR TUITION RATE! Schedule 1. Understanding MidPoints 2. Case Examples & Deepening Midpoint Practice 3. Midpoint Forecasting Practice & Minor Aspects 4. Harmonics 5. Exploring Further LEARN MORE AND SIGN UP NOW https://www.synchronicityuniversity.com Alejo Lopez's comprehensive 5-week course, Midpoints, Aspects & Harmonic Charts, will explore the theory and meaning behind the doctrine of Midpoints and Harmonics. He will particularly focus on how to apply them to chart readings so that you can start using them right after you finish each session. You will also learn how to use some of the mysterious non-Ptolemaic aspects such as the novile, the quintile or the septile. Overall, this course will provide you with a solid foundation and it is suitable for beginners and those with some knowledge of astrology. Alejo's academic pursuits also led him to delve into Traditional Astrology at the School of Traditional Astrology under the guidance of Deborah Houlding and María Blaquier. Alongside these accomplishments, he is a certified yoga instructor (RYT200 by Yoga Alliance). He is nearing the completion of his MA in Cultural Astronomy and Astrology at the prestigious Sophia Centre and the University of Wales Trinity Saint David. Concurrently, he is undergoing the process of becoming a certified Jungian Analyst. Check Out Alejo's Website: https://www.liminalcosmos.com

Twenty years of chaos in the Ptolemaic kingdom come to an end during the reign of Ptolemy V Epiphanes (204-180). His marriage to the Seleucid princess Cleopatra I Syra confirmed the loss of Coele Syria to Antiochus III, yet she proved to be a good match and helped secure the future of the dynasty. Haronnophoris and the Great Revolt are finally put down in 186, but the Alexandrian government is forced to give concessions to the Egyptians, as the Ptolemies must now come to terms with their new status as a second-class power in the Mediterranean. We also delve into the history of the Rosetta Stone, the Hellenistic period's most famous document, and its role in the decipherment of Ancient Egyptian. Episode Notes: (https://hellenisticagepodcast.wordpress.com/2024/03/10/095-ptolemaic-egypt-the-two-lands-restored/) Episode Transcript: (https://hellenisticagepodcast.files.wordpress.com/2024/03/095-ptolemaic-egypt-the-two-lands-restored-transcript.pdf) Ptolemy V Family Tree: (https://hellenisticagepodcast.files.wordpress.com/2024/03/reign-of-ptolemy-v.pdf) Autocrat Podcast: Website (http://www.autocratpodcast.wordpress.com/) Spotify (https://open.spotify.com/show/30Muilr1O66yA4UDcj76SW?si=c6648d9db9b3446c) Social Media: Twitter (https://twitter.com/HellenisticPod) Facebook (www.facebook.com/hellenisticagepodcast/) Instagram (https://www.instagram.com/hellenistic_age_podcast/) Twitch (https://www.twitch.tv/hellenisticagepodcast) Show Merchandise: Etsy (https://www.etsy.com/shop/HellenisticAgePod) Redbubble (https://www.redbubble.com/people/HellenisticPod/shop?asc=u) Donations: Patreon (https://patreon.com/TheHellenisticAgePodcast) Ko-Fi (https://ko-fi.com/hellenisticagepodcast) Amazon Book Wish List (https://tinyurl.com/vfw6ask)

In the late medieval period, while Europe  obsessed with Aristotle's natural philosophy, the Islamic world entered the zenith of astronomical discoveries. In this episode, we explore the remarkable contributions of two great astronomers, al-Tusi and al-Shatir. Amidst the dominance of Ptolemaic astronomy, they embarked on a mission to unravel its lingering problems.Contact: thecompletehistoryofscience@gmail.comTwitter: @complete_sciMusic Credit: Folk Round Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License

Unlock the secrets of ancient communication in this fascinating podcast episode delving into the history of the Rosetta Stone. Journey back in time to Egypt's Ptolemaic era, where the stone served as a pivotal key to deciphering hieroglyphs. Explore the story behind its discovery by Napoleonic troops in 1799 and its subsequent role in unlocking the mysteries of ancient Egyptian language and culture.

fWotD Episode 2461: Ancient Egyptian literature Welcome to featured Wiki of the Day where we read the summary of the featured Wikipedia article every day.The featured article for Tuesday, 30 January 2024 is Ancient Egyptian literature.Ancient Egyptian literature was written in the Egyptian language from ancient Egypt's pharaonic period until the end of Roman domination. It represents the oldest corpus of Egyptian literature. Along with Sumerian literature, it is considered the world's earliest literature. Writing in ancient Egypt—both hieroglyphic and hieratic—first appeared in the late 4th millennium BC during the late phase of predynastic Egypt. By the Old Kingdom (26th century BC to 22nd century BC), literary works included funerary texts, epistles and letters, hymns and poems, and commemorative autobiographical texts recounting the careers of prominent administrative officials. It was not until the early Middle Kingdom (21st century BC to 17th century BC) that a narrative Egyptian literature was created. This was a "media revolution" which, according to Richard B. Parkinson, was the result of the rise of an intellectual class of scribes, new cultural sensibilities about individuality, unprecedented levels of literacy, and mainstream access to written materials. The creation of literature was thus an elite exercise, monopolized by a scribal class attached to government offices and the royal court of the ruling pharaoh. However, there is no full consensus among modern scholars concerning the dependence of ancient Egyptian literature on the sociopolitical order of the royal courts.Middle Egyptian, the spoken language of the Middle Kingdom, became a classical language during the New Kingdom (16th century BC to 11th century BC), when the vernacular language known as Late Egyptian first appeared in writing. Scribes of the New Kingdom canonized and copied many literary texts written in Middle Egyptian, which remained the language used for oral readings of sacred hieroglyphic texts. Some genres of Middle Kingdom literature, such as "teachings" and fictional tales, remained popular in the New Kingdom, although the genre of prophetic texts was not revived until the Ptolemaic period (4th century BC to 1st century BC). Popular tales included the Story of Sinuhe and The Eloquent Peasant, while important teaching texts include the Instructions of Amenemhat and The Loyalist Teaching. By the New Kingdom period, the writing of commemorative graffiti on sacred temple and tomb walls flourished as a unique genre of literature, yet it employed formulaic phrases similar to other genres. The acknowledgment of rightful authorship remained important only in a few genres, while texts of the "teaching" genre were pseudonymous and falsely attributed to prominent historical figures.Ancient Egyptian literature has been preserved on a wide variety of media. This includes papyrus scrolls and packets, limestone or ceramic ostraca, wooden writing boards, monumental stone edifices and coffins. Texts preserved and unearthed by modern archaeologists represent a small fraction of ancient Egyptian literary material. The area of the floodplain of the Nile is under-represented because the moist environment is unsuitable for the preservation of papyri and ink inscriptions. On the other hand, hidden caches of literature, buried for thousands of years, have been discovered in settlements on the dry desert margins of Egyptian civilization.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 00:03 UTC on Tuesday, 30 January 2024.For the full current version of the article, see Ancient Egyptian literature on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm Arthur Neural.

Cleopatra VII Thea Philopator (Koinē Greek: Κλεοπάτρα Θεά Φιλοπάτωρ[note 5] lit. Cleopatra "father-loving goddess";[note 6] 70/69 BC – 10 August 30 BC) was Queen of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt from 51 to 30 BC, and its last active ruler.[note 7] A member of the Ptolemaic dynasty, she was a descendant of its founder Ptolemy I Soter, a Macedonian Greek general and companion of Alexander the Great.[note 8] After the death of Cleopatra, Egypt became a province of the Roman Empire, marking the end of the last Hellenistic-period state in the Mediterranean and of the age that had lasted since the reign of Alexander (336–323 BC).[note 9] Her first language was Koine Greek and she is the only known Ptolemaic ruler to learn the Egyptian language.[note 10]

A new year dawns, and it's time to look back. Egyptology and archaeology had a great year in 2023, with numerous major discoveries, studies, and conservation projects reaching fruition. Here is a sample selection of some particularly significant finds… Support the podcast at www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. References and images for all episodes at www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Chat with ancient Egypt enthusiasts at our Discord. Logo image: Statue discovered at Saqqara, 2023. Discoveries and Reports (in order of discussion): Luxor, new royal tomb: Press Release from Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities. Article by Dr. Piers Litherland in Egyptian Archaeology 63 (2023). Hear about the (brief) reign of Thutmose II on the podcast, episode 60 “Thutmosid Family Values.” Luxor, tomb re-openings: The tomb of Meru (Polish Centre for Mediterranean Archaeology). The tombs of Hurri and Djehuty (Proyecto Djehuty and Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities Press Release). Abydos, grave goods of Mer(et)-Neith: Press Release from the University of Vienna. Hear about the life and reign of Mer(et)-Neith on the podcast, episode 02 “Horus Takes Flight.” Abydos, temple of Ramesses II animal burials: Article by Dr. Sameh Iskander in Egyptian Archaeology 63 (2023). Saqqara, embalming workshops and Old Kingdom tomb: Press Release from the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities. Saqqara, Gisr el-Mudir new finds: Press Release from the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities. Saqqara, new temple for Hathor: Article by Ahmed Osman in Egyptian Archaeology 63 (2023). Abusir, tomb of the 27th Dynasty scribe Djehuty-em-hat: Press Release from the Czech Institute of Egyptology (Charles University). Cairo Museum, CT scans and 3d printing of Ptolemaic mummy: Press Release from the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities and open-access article at Frontiers in Medicine. Egyptology Newsletters and Websites: Mailing list by The Egyptologists' Electronic Forum (Application Form). Updates from The Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities on Facebook. Updates and news from Luxor Times on Facebook. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Education Headline RoundupHappy New Year! Here are the stories we cover in our first education headline roundup of 2024:New PISA scores reveal that students worldwide have suffered major learning setbacks during the COVID-19 pandemic, with math scores dropping by ¾ of a year and reading by ½ year.The FTC is suing Grand Canyon University for alleged deceptive advertising and illegal telemarketing practices.New Zealand's new Prime Minister bans phones in schools to address the country's declining literacy rates.The Library of AlexandriaIn our first episode of 2024, we journey through time and sand, unraveling tales of the legendary Library of Alexandria. Was it a beacon of wisdom, a hoarding of scrolls, or a tragic victim of flames? Join us as we navigate the mysteries of this intellectual powerhouse of the ancient world.First, we dispel a common misconception: Alexandria wasn't the first library of renown. We'll pay homage to the Assyrian king Ashurbanipal, whose library in Nineveh housed clay tablets inscribed with epic poems and ancient wisdom. Though fiery war eventually consumed Nineveh, the baked tablets survived, offering a glimpse into the earliest organized knowledge collection.Enter the Macedonians, and fast forward to the death of Alexander the Great, an accomplished military strategist and Aristotle's pupil. His empire fractured, leaving three power blocs ruled by his former generals. We'll focus on Ptolemy I Soter, who established the Ptolemaic Kingdom in Egypt and commissioned Alexandria's great library, a cultural melting pot where Greek and Egyptian traditions intertwined, as well as its accompanying Mouseion (a place dedicated to the Muses). The library's growth wasn't organic. The Ptolemaic kings adopted an aggressive approach to book collection, sending agents to major book fairs and even commandeering scrolls from ships in the harbor. They craved older copies, believing they were likely closer to an author's original ideas.We also address the infamous burning of Alexandria. Was it a fiery inferno consuming scrolls in a single night? Evidence points to Julius Caesar's involvement in the destruction, but did the entire library go up in smoke? Find out in this latest installment of 16:1!Sources & Resources:The British Museum - A library fit for a king by Jonathan TaylorThe Guinness World Records - First LibraryTIME - The Story of the Library of Alexandria Is Mostly a Legend, But the Lesson of Its Burning Is Still Crucial Today by Richard OvendenWikipedia - Library of AlexandriaBritannica - Battle of NinevehBritannica - Library of AlexandriaWikipedia - Alexander the GreatUniversity of Exeter - The Antigonid NetworkThe MET - The Seleucid Empire (323–64 B.C.)Wikipedia - Bibliotheca AlexandrinaWikipedia - Lighthouse of AlexandriaMarket Watch - FTC sues Grand Canyon Education, alleging ‘deceptive and abusive' marketing practices by Bill PetersCNBC - How a 40-ounce cup turned Stanley into a $750 million a year business by Nicolas Vega and Lauren Shamo.AP - Students around the world suffered huge learning setbacks during the pandemic, study findsFederal Trade Commission (FTC) is suing Grand Canyon University (GCU) for alleged deceptive advertising and illegal telemarketing practices.The Journal - New Zealand to ban phones in schools under new prime ministerWikipedia - Emily Warren Roebling.

Chag Sameach! Danny and Derek are joined by independent scholar Joseph Scales to talk about the history of Hanukkah. They discuss the rivalry between the Seleucid and Ptolemaic empires that preceded the conflict; the Maccabean/Hasmonean revolt and the family's ascension to power within Judea; the Judean expansion; and much more.Originally published November 27, 2021 This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.americanprestigepod.com/subscribe

This month's Q&A episode features questions on ancient festivals, food, human sacrifice, and marriage and incest in ancient Egypt. Episode Notes* Food* The Pharaoh's Kitchen, by Madga Mehdawy* Ikram, Salima. 1995. Choice Cuts : Meat Production in Ancient Egypt. Leuven: Peeters.* Ancient Egyptian Festivals * Coppens, F. 2009. Temple Festivals of the Ptolemaic and Roman Periods. UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology.* Stadler, M. 2008. Procession. UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology.* Beverages* Ancient Egyptian Beer * Discovery of an Industrial Brewery in Ancient Egypt Rewrites the History of Beer* Dr. Amr Shahat's paleobotany work* Listen to Dr. Rose Campbell's episode on human sacrifice on Substack at the links below or on Apple Podcasts (Part I and Part II) or Spotify (Part I and Part II):* Campbell, Roselyn. 2023. “Hidden Violence: Reassessing Violence and Human Sacrifice in Ancient Egypt,” in Danielle Candelora, Nadia Ben-Marzouk, & Kathlyn M. Cooney (eds.) Ancient Egyptian Society : Challenging Assumptions, Exploring Approaches. Abingdon; New York: Routledge. Purchase!* Reception of Ancient Egypt - P. Djèlí Clark's books* Marriage and incest in the ancient world* Ager, Sheila L. 2021. “Royal brother-sister marriage, Ptolemaic and otherwise,” in Elizabeth D. Carney and Sabine Müller (eds.), The Routledge companion to women and monarchy in the ancient Mediterranean world, 346-358. Abingdon; New York: Routledge.* Robinson, Joanne-Marie. 2020. "Blood is thicker than water": non-royal consanguineous marriage in ancient Egypt. An exploration of economic and biological outcomes. Archaeopress Egyptology 29. Oxford: Archaeopress. Get full access to Ancient/Now at ancientnow.substack.com/subscribe

https://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/uncategorized/2020/et-tu-okmok-alaskas-okmok-volcano-contributed-to-fall-of-roman-republic-and-the-ptolemaic-kingdom/ #2023 #art #music #movies #poetry #poem #photooftheday #volcano #news #money #food #weather #climate #monkeys #horse #puppy #fyp #love #instagood #onelove #eyes #getyoked #horsie #gotmilk #book #shecomin #getready

Scripture Reading: Acts 1:12 - 2:13 12 Then they returned to Jerusalem from the mountain called the Mount of Olives (which is near Jerusalem, a Sabbath day's journey away). 13 When they had entered Jerusalem, they went to the upstairs room where they were staying. Peter and John, and James, and Andrew, Philip and Thomas, Bartholomew and Matthew, James son of Alphaeus and Simon the Zealot, and Judas son of James were there. 14 All these continued together in prayer with one mind, together with the women, along with Mary the mother of Jesus, and his brothers. 15 In those days Peter stood up among the believers (a gathering of about 120 people) and said, 16 “Brothers, the scripture had to be fulfilled that the Holy Spirit foretold through David concerning Judas—who became the guide for those who arrested Jesus— 17 for he was counted as one of us and received a share in this ministry.” 18 (Now this man Judas acquired a field with the reward of his unjust deed, and falling headfirst he burst open in the middle and all his intestines gushed out. 19 This became known to all who lived in Jerusalem, so that in their own language they called that field Hakeldama, that is, “Field of Blood.”) 20 “For it is written in the book of Psalms, ‘Let his house become deserted, and let there be no one to live in it,' and ‘Let another take his position of responsibility.' 21 Thus one of the men who have accompanied us during all the time the Lord Jesus associated with us, 22 beginning from his baptism by John until the day he was taken up from us—one of these must become a witness of his resurrection together with us.” 23 So they proposed two candidates: Joseph called Barsabbas (also called Justus) and Matthias. 24 Then they prayed, “Lord, you know the hearts of all. Show us which one of these two you have chosen 25 to assume the task of this service and apostleship from which Judas turned aside to go to his own place.” 26 Then they cast lots for them, and the one chosen was Matthias; so he was counted with the eleven apostles.1 Now when the day of Pentecost had come, they were all together in one place. 2 Suddenly a sound like a violent wind blowing came from heaven and filled the entire house where they were sitting. 3 And tongues spreading out like a fire appeared to them and came to rest on each one of them. 4 All of them were filled with the Holy Spirit, and they began to speak in other languages as the Spirit enabled them.5 Now there were devout Jews from every nation under heaven residing in Jerusalem. 6 When this sound occurred, a crowd gathered and was in confusion because each one heard them speaking in his own language. 7 Completely baffled, they said, “Aren't all these who are speaking Galileans? 8 And how is it that each one of us hears them in our own native language? 9 Parthians, Medes, Elamites, and residents of Mesopotamia, Judea and Cappadocia, Pontus and the province of Asia, 10 Phrygia and Pamphylia, Egypt and the parts of Libya near Cyrene, and visitors from Rome, 11 both Jews and proselytes, Cretans and Arabs—we hear them speaking in our own languages about the great deeds God has done!” 12 All were astounded and greatly confused, saying to one another, “What does this mean?” 13 But others jeered at the speakers, saying, “They are drunk on new wine!”Main ThemesWAITING ON THE PROMISE AND SELECTING A NEW APOSTLEThe fulfillment of Acts 1: 8 is interrupted by a problem left over from the gospel. One of the twelve witnesses must be replaced. Yet there is also a sense in which 1:12-26 is not simply a “problem” but part of the preparation for Pentecost. The disciples pray together (which is often linked with the Spirit's descent) and the leadership structure for the righteous remnant of Israel is restored.The Physical Setting—The Upper RoomOne might suppose that the entire group was staying in one upper room, but surely Luke means only that they habitually met there. No upper room would accommodate 120 people, and certainly the women would not have stayed with the men. One may also ask: which upper room? The definite article might suggest that this was a well-known upper room. The reader of Luke-Acts will infer that it is probably the same upper room that hosted the Last Supper (Luke 22:11-12).The Theological Setting—The RemnantWhat do I mean by a righteous remnant? Throughout the rocky history of the nation of Israel, full of disobedience to God, a small contingent always remained faithful. This was the remnant—quite literally, what remained and rebuilt after each of God's judgments. One can hardly avoid connecting this idea of a righteous remnant to the apostles, particularly given their number (12, just like the tribes of Israel). Thus, selecting a twelfth apostle was important to restore the symbolic value of the first leaders of the church. Israel's remnant fits well into the context of the Spirit and Israel's restoration and role in salvation. In fact, this is the fulfillment of God's first covenant with his people. All the way back in Genesis, God promised Abraham:Now the Lord said to Abram,“Go out from your country, your relatives, and your father's householdto the land that I will show you.Then I will make you into a great nation, and I will bless you,and I will make your name great,so that you will exemplify divine blessing.I will bless those who bless you,but the one who treats you lightly I must curse,so that all the families of the earth may receive blessing through you.” Genesis 12:1-3The continuity between Genesis and Acts is incredible.12 out of (Approximately) 120 and the Language of CallingThe connection between the apostles and the remnant is reinforced when we notice the number of apostles and how Peter spoke of their calling. Peter notes that Judas the traitor had received the same privileges of calling that the other eleven had. Judas is described as being “numbered.” Peter describes the apostolic calling here as a “service” in which Judas once shared. Peter also describes this calling in terms of a “portion” or “lot” in the service. This description reinforces the fact that possessors of the office of apostle were chosen by divine purpose, including the betrayer. There is a beautiful connection between Peter's language and the Old Testament. In Numbers, for example, God chooses the Levites to serve as his priests:5 The Lord spoke to Moses: 6 “Bring the tribe of Levi near, and present them before Aaron the priest, that they may serve him. 7 They are responsible for his needs and the needs of the whole community before the tent of meeting, by attending to the service of the tabernacle. 8 And they are responsible for all the furnishings of the tent of meeting, and for the needs of the Israelites, as they serve in the tabernacle. 9 You are to assign the Levites to Aaron and his sons; they will be assigned exclusively to him out of all the Israelites. 10 So you are to appoint Aaron and his sons, and they will be responsible for their priesthood, but the unauthorized person who comes near must be put to death.”11 Then the Lord spoke to Moses: 12 “Look, I myself have taken the Levites from among the Israelites instead of every firstborn who opens the womb among the Israelites. So the Levites belong to me, 13 because all the firstborn are mine. When I destroyed all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, I set apart for myself all the firstborn in Israel, both man and beast. They belong to me. I am the Lord.” Number 3:5-13Furthermore, notice the numbers involved. Twelve are chosen out of approximately 120. A tenth. Like the tithe.Any tithe of the land, from the grain of the land or from the fruit of the trees, belongs to the Lord; it is holy to the Lord. Leviticus 27:30Or exactly like in Nehemiah (during the restoration of Israel after the Babylonian exile).So the leaders of the people settled in Jerusalem, while the rest of the people cast lots to bring one out of every ten to settle in Jerusalem, the holy city, while the other nine remained in other cities. The people gave their blessing on all the men who volunteered to settle in Jerusalem. Nehemiah 11:1-2Sometimes I think we miss the point that Acts is the restoration of Israel through the remnant of the people of God. Put simply, the Spirit comes, the sick are healed, the remnant rebuilds. Acts is the coming of the kingdom.CHOOSING A SUCCESSORMany church assemblies in Acts addressed controversial issues (Acts 6:1; 11:2-3; 15:1-7; 21:21-22); the matter of choosing Judas's successor, however, seems not so much controversial as necessary to prepare a united witness for the time when the Spirit would come.The Problem—Judas the BetrayerIn Acts, Peter speaks of Judas as a guide to those who arrested Jesus. However, Luke's audience would surely think of the fuller account of this betrayal in Luke. Treachery or betrayal was considered one of the most heinous offenses in antiquity, a breach of sacred trust. Notice that just like in the Gospel John, this treachery is not treated as a surprise. Instead, it was foretold. Jesus knew what would happen if he remained with Judas. Jesus went intentionally to his grave.How Did Judas Die?In the Bible, we have multiple accounts of Judas's death. Yet Matthew's version of Judas's demise seems to differ at key points from Luke's. Is it possible to reconcile these accounts?Now when Judas, who had betrayed him, saw that Jesus had been condemned, he regretted what he had done and returned the 30 silver coins to the chief priests and the elders, saying, “I have sinned by betraying innocent blood!” But they said, “What is that to us? You take care of it yourself!” So Judas threw the silver coins into the temple and left. Then he went out and hanged himself. The chief priests took the silver and said, “It is not lawful to put this into the temple treasury, since it is blood money.” After consulting together they bought the Potter's Field with it, as a burial place for foreigners. For this reason that field has been called the “Field of Blood” to this day. Then what was spoken by Jeremiah the prophet was fulfilled: “They took the 30 silver coins, the price of the one whose price had been set by the people of Israel, and they gave them for the potter's field, as the Lord commanded me.” Matthew 27:3-10The major differences are (1) whether Judas obtained the field himself (Acts 1:18 vs. Matt 27:7) and (2) how he met his end (Acts 1:18 vs. Matt 27:5). Regarding the first problem, perhaps Luke's narrative stems from his (or his sources') abbreviation of a longer account that could have included the high priests or that the priests, counting the money as legally belonging to Judas, could have bought the field in Judas's name. Regarding the second problem, plausibly, if Judas hanged himself from a tall tree or building in the sort of rocky field natural in Judean hill country, his innards might well spatter (assuming that the tree was tall) when someone cut or (less likely) untied the rope (or it eventually broke). (This assumes that the body was cut down before it decomposed or before it was picked apart by scavengers; in view of Judean piety, this assumption is likely, again assuming that the corpse was found, as it probably would have been if near Jerusalem.) Others have suggested the possibility of the body's being torn down and opened by wild dogs, fitting both versions. Luke or his source would then report the gorier fate of Judas's corpse rather than his actual mode of death.Qualifications for ApostleshipPeter lists the qualifications (1:20) for Judas's replacement. This gives us great insight into the requirements to be an apostle, so we should spend a minute or two making note of them.Antiquity was no stranger to lists of qualifications, particularly for reliable witnesses. Peter could have safely assumed that Judas' replacement had to be of good moral character and male. (Male testimony was nearly always accepted most highly. There could also be theological reasons to select a male.) But, what were the special qualifications to be not simply a witness but an apostle?Thus one of the men who have accompanied us during all the time the Lord Jesus associated with us, beginning from his baptism by John until the day he was taken up from us—one of these must become a witness of his resurrection together with us. Acts 1:21-22This looks like one requirement but, in a sense, it is two. First, an apostle had to be a firsthand eyewitness of all of Jesus' ministry—from his baptism to his resurrection. Choosing those who had spent the most time with Jesus was important so that they could guarantee and interpret the message about him. Moreover, in antiquity just like now, eyewitness sources were considered the best, and those further removed from the witnesses were considered weaker.Second, and this is implied but it is no less important, an apostle had to be one of those who persevered. At the cross, all disciples deserted Jesus. So that desertion could be ignored (or all persons would be disqualified from discipleship). Nevertheless, throughout Jesus' ministry many of his followers left him. Recall, for example, the crowd's reaction after Jesus fed the five thousand and taught them that he was the bread of life:I am the bread of life. 49 Your ancestors ate the manna in the wilderness, and they died. This is the bread that has come down from heaven, so that a person may eat from it and not die. 51 I am the living bread that came down from heaven. If anyone eats from this bread he will live forever. The bread that I will give for the life of the world is my flesh.”Then the Jews who were hostile to Jesus began to argue with one another, “How can this man give us his flesh to eat?” Jesus said to them, “I tell you the solemn truth, unless you eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink his blood, you have no life in yourselves.…Then many of his disciples, when they heard these things, said, “This is a difficult saying! Who can understand it?” When Jesus was aware that his disciples were complaining about this, he said to them, “Does this cause you to be offended? Then what if you see the Son of Man ascending where he was before? The Spirit is the one who gives life; human nature is of no help! The words that I have spoken to you are spirit and are life. But there are some of you who do not believe.” (For Jesus had already known from the beginning who those were who did not believe, and who it was who would betray him.)…After this many of his disciples quit following him and did not accompany him any longer. So Jesus said to the twelve, “You don't want to go away too, do you?” John 6:41b-53, 60-64, 66-67Two Are Proposed, Lots Are CastTwo candidates are proposed by the community: Joseph called Barsabbas (also called Justus) and Matthias. (“Joseph” was a very common name, hence requiring some further description. Historians often provided additional names for historical figures with common names.)How did the apostles choose between the two men? First, they prayed in recognition of two facts: (1) God knows the hearts of all men, and (2) God selects the apostles.Then they prayed, “Lord, you know the hearts of all. Show us which one of these two you have chosen 25 to assume the task of this service and apostleship from which Judas turned aside to go to his own place.” Acts 1:24-25I discussed God's election of his apostles above. The idea that God knows men's hearts is also not new. We read statements to that effect in John, and it appears throughout the Old Testament. For example:But the Lord said to Samuel, “Don't be impressed by his appearance or his height, for I have rejected him. God does not view things the way people do. People look on the outward appearance, but the Lord looks at the heart.” 1 Samuel 16:7So, the assembly's prayer indicates that they are depending on God to provide the right replacement for Judas. The Lord's “choosing” Matthias provides continuity with his “choosing” other apostles. The question we often have is whether casting lots was the proper way to let God choose or communicate his decision.(By the way, what are lots? The lots may have been stones or pottery fragments shaken in a container, with Matthias's being the first to emerge.)Lot oracles (usually answering yes/no questions or other binary choices) were common in antiquity. Many cities had dice oracles for their citizens to consult in city centers. More relevant here is the use of lots for choosing public officials. Various classical Athenian officials were chosen by lot. Democracies in particular, but also other Greek cities, used lots to distribute, with a minimum of conflict, public offices among those who were equally eligible. The use of lots is also well documented in Ptolemaic and Roman Egypt. In the Roman Republic, Romans could evade partisan politics by drawing lots. Romans did not use lots for selecting normal magistrates but did use them for selecting judges and other offices. Lots could be used to decide who would lead in battle, which general would go to war, which positions the legions would take in battle, which members of a disgraced cohort would be beaten to death, who might be sacrificed, and whose property would have to be sold.The point is that the apostles did not use some weird or irresponsible system to decide between Joseph and Matthias. They used a fairly standard procedure to elect officials when the candidates were equally qualified. Perhaps this is why casting lots seemed unobjectionable to the apostles and the rest of the believers. At the same time, we should notice that casting lots is not used again by the apostles. So, we should not consider its use prescriptive for the church.PentecostAll Together in One Place—Where?The Pentecost miracle happened when all the disciples were together in one place (Acts 2:1). To be honest, I always assumed that was the upper room mentioned in chapter 1. Maybe that's right, but maybe it isn't. If one inspects the text closely, the place is not specified. There are two choices for this unspecified location: the temple or a private home (presumably the one with the upper room).Before we consider the evidence, why would think the temple was their gathering place? The narrative that follows verse 2:1 implies that either they were in or at some point they enter the temple courts. Nowhere else in Jerusalem could they have drawn a crowd sufficient to produce three thousand converts, whereas the Temple Mount could fit about seventy-five thousand people. So, the disciples were either in or near the temple. Let's consider some of the evidence.The apostles frequently met in the temple (Luke 24:53; Acts 2:46; 5:12) but also “from house to house” (Acts 2:46), so both options are plausible. But maybe we can figure it out from verse two, which refers to the “entire house” being filled. Is the term “house" dispositive of the issue? Not decisively. The temple or tabernacle is called a house in Luke 6:4 and 19:46 (quoting Isaiah 56) and Acts 7:46-47; but the term also appears in contrast to the temple (Luke 1:23; Acts 2:46; 5:42), and Luke's emphasis on house meetings makes that sense more likely (Acts 2:46; 5:42; 20:20).If we favor preceding context over following context (i.e., chapter 1 over chapter 3), as someone reading the book in sequence for the first time would do and consider the allusion to the disciples' unity, we might be pointed back to the upper room of 1:13. If this is the case, we might conclude that the disciples rushed from there into the temple, still praising God. A transition from upper room to temple is plausible. Any home large enough to host huge numbers in an upper room would have to have been in the Upper City near the Temple Mount.When? During the Festival of PentecostPentecost, another name for the Feast of Weeks, was one of the great Jewish pilgrimage festivals, and as such, it would have been heavily attended by Jews from all over the world (as they knew it) and perhaps some Gentile tourists. Its history dates to the Old Testament. As a scholar explains:The Passover feast was celebrated at twilight in the evening of the fourteenth day of the first month (Lev 23:5). It was followed on the fifteenth day by the beginning of the closely related seven-day Feast of Unleavened Bread (Lev 23:6). On the next day, the sixteenth, the first fruits of the (barley) harvest had to be brought to the Lord (Lev 23:11, cf. vv. 6-7). Seven weeks and one day later, the Feast of Weeks (Pentecost) was celebrated, during which, among other things, offerings from the grain (wheat) harvest and two loaves of bread had to be brought to God (Exod 34:22; Lev 23:1517). (The fact that this festival was on the fiftieth day later gave rise to the name Pentecost, from the Greek word for “fiftieth.”)Although many ancient estimates of festival attendance may be exaggerations (e.g., later rabbinic estimates), massive attendance (in the thousands or tens of thousands) is not disputed. Such well-attended festivals were not unusual in the Mediterranean. Both pious believers and tourists would attend. Well-to-do Greeks and Romans apparently visited sanctuaries as tourists, and it is reasonable to guess that the Jerusalem temple's grandeur may have drawn a few Gentile tourists. Nevertheless, pilgrims would constitute the vast majority of visitors for Pentecost.Although Scripture demanded the attendance of all Israelite males at these festivals (Exodus 23:17; 34:23; Deuteronomy 16:16), first-century Jews seem to have applied the requirement only within the Holy Land itself due to practical realities. Some sources suggest that more Diaspora Jews attended Pentecost than Passover because of the difficulties of traveling earlier in the season.Although Pentecost was originally a harvest festival, eventually a tradition developed that associated the occassion with the giving of Law at Sinai. Whether this tradition was known by Luke and his audience or relevant to them is disputed. Luke certainly does not acknowledge the connection. Luke mentions Pentecost for two clear reasons: he shows that, as Jesus had promised, the disciples did not have long to wait for the gift of the Spirit (1:5), and he explains why so many Diaspora Jews were present to recognize the languages spoken (2:5-12).The MiracleWind and FireOn Pentecost, God provided objective, external phenomena to confirm the internal empowerment taking place when he filled the church with the Spirit. Yet, we should notice that Luke is reserved in his description. He speaks of it “like” wind and “like” fire, just as he spoke of the Spirit coming on Jesus as “like” a dove. This might be intentional on his part, to prevent the reader from understanding the Spirit as a substance—as the Greeks would have done. Instead, Luke presents a more Jewish and biblical theology, in which the Spirit is only compared to substances.Why wind and fire? Broadly speaking, this imagery would have connected with anyone in the ancient world. Theophanic storm images of wind and fire were common signs of divine presence. But, is there a more specific connection we should make?WindWind often indicates the powerful presence of God in the Old Testament. In particular, the scene in Acts evokes Ezekiel 37 (more on that in a minute).In Acts 2:2, Luke uses a rare term for “wind.” The term πνοῆς appears elsewhere in the New Testament only at Acts 17:25, where it refers to human “breath” as a gift of God (and alludes directly to Gen 2:7). It appears 24 times in the Septuagint, referring especially to the breath of life. Whereas the more common term for “wind” and “breath” in Greek provides more obvious associations with God's “Spirit,” the term used by Luke points us to Genesis and life-giving. Moreover, Jewish tradition connected the divine breath of Gen 2:7 with the eschatological wind of the Spirit in Ezekiel 37. Jewish people expected an eschatological “wind” of the Spirit to bring the breath of life into the slain of Israel. A redacted version of Ezekiel 37 is presented below:The hand of the Lord was on me, and he brought me out by the Spirit of the Lord and placed me in the midst of the valley, and it was full of bones. 2 He made me walk all around among them. I realized there were a great many bones in the valley, and they were very dry. 3 He said to me, “Son of man, can these bones live?” I said to him, “Sovereign Lord, you know.” 4 Then he said to me, “Prophesy over these bones, and tell them: ‘Dry bones, listen to the Lord's message. 5 This is what the Sovereign Lord says to these bones: Look, I am about to infuse breath into you and you will live. 6 I will put tendons on you and muscles over you and will cover you with skin; I will put breath in you, and you will live. Then you will know that I am the Lord.'”7 So I prophesied as I was commanded. There was a sound when I prophesied— I heard a rattling, and the bones came together, bone to bone. 8 As I watched, I saw tendons on them, then muscles appeared, and skin covered over them from above, but there was no breath in them.9 He said to me, “Prophesy to the breath—prophesy, son of man—and say to the breath: ‘This is what the Sovereign Lord says: Come from the four winds, O breath, and breathe on these corpses so that they may live.'” 10 So I prophesied as I was commanded, and the breath came into them; they lived and stood on their feet, an extremely great army.11 Then he said to me, “Son of man, these bones are all the house of Israel. Look, they are saying, ‘Our bones are dry, our hope has perished; we are cut off.' 12 Therefore prophesy, and tell them, ‘This is what the Sovereign Lord says: Look, I am about to open your graves and will raise you from your graves, my people. I will bring you to the land of Israel. 13 Then you will know that I am the Lord, when I open your graves and raise you from your graves, my people. 14 I will place my breath in you and you will live; I will give you rest in your own land. Then you will know that I am the Lord—I have spoken and I will act, declares the Lord.'”…24 “‘My servant David will be king over them; there will be one shepherd for all of them. They will follow my regulations and carefully observe my statutes. 25 They will live in the land I gave to my servant Jacob, in which your fathers lived; they will live in it—they and their children and their grandchildren forever. David my servant will be prince over them forever. 26 I will make a covenant of peace with them; it will be a perpetual covenant with them. I will establish them, increase their numbers, and place my sanctuary among them forever. 27 My dwelling place will be with them; I will be their God, and they will be my people. 28 Then, when my sanctuary is among them forever, the nations will know that I, the Lord, sanctify Israel.'” Ezekiel 37If you remember from our study of John, Jesus continually promised life, abundant and eternal. We need to look no further than the famous verse, John 3:16For this is the way God loved the world: He gave his one and only Son, so that everyone who believes in him will not perish but have eternal life.Notice, therefore, that if the Spirit gives life, and we receive the Spirit now, then Acts is presenting a realized eschatology. Eternal life begins now.FireFire was also commonly associated with the presence of God in the Old Testament. Perhaps the best-known example is the burning bush:Now Moses was shepherding the flock of his father-in-law Jethro, the priest of Midian, and he led the flock to the far side of the desert and came to the mountain of God, to Horeb. The angel of the Lord appeared to him in a flame of fire from within a bush. He looked, and the bush was ablaze with fire, but it was not being consumed! Exodus 3:1-3The other major example (although many more could be provided) is the pillar of fire that guided the Israelites through the desert.They journeyed from Sukkoth and camped in Etham, on the edge of the desert. Now the Lord was going before them by day in a pillar of cloud to lead them in the way, and by night in a pillar of fire to give them light, so that they could travel day or night. He did not remove the pillar of cloud by day nor the pillar of fire by night from before the people. Exodus 13:20-22Fire was also an image associated with judgments, including end-time judgments, and purification. More importantly, Luke's informed audience would quickly connect the fire with Luke 3:16-17 (which, incidentally, contains both motifs).John answered them all, “I baptize you with water, but one more powerful than I am is coming—I am not worthy to untie the strap of his sandals. He will baptize you with the Holy Spirit and fire. 17 His winnowing fork is in his hand to clean out his threshing floor and to gather the wheat into his storehouse, but the chaff he will burn up with inextinguishable fire.” Luke 3:16-17Though less common than simply “flames,” the expression “tongues of fire” is common in Jewish texts, perhaps because fire is often said to devour (sometimes translated as consumes). For example, the expression appears in the Qumran scrolls. Of course, Luke may have also selected that comparison to make a connection with the Spirit empowering the disciples to speak in tongues.EmpoweredIn Scripture, the phrase “filled with the Spirit” applied to the Spirit's gifting for skills, whether in sacred craftsmanship (Exodus 31:3; 35:31), for leadership (Deuteronomy 34:9), or for prophecy (Micah 3:8). Luke employs the biblical phrase “filled with the Spirit” frequently, especially for an experience enabling prophets and prophetic inspiration (Luke 1:15, 41, 67) and for power for Christian proclamation, both for apostles (Acts 4: 8; 9:17; 13:9) and others (4:31; 13:52).Speaking in TonguesIn Greek, the term for tongues, as in tongues of fire or speaking in tongues, is glōssais. Just like in English, the term can refer to a physical, literal tongue (e.g., “I burned my tongue”) or a language. The activity of speaking in tongues is glossolalia, which just means speaking (although it was often used to refer to prophetic speech).The idea of the Spirit of God enabling Christ followers to speak in tongues is rather novel. There is scant precedent. In one document from Qumran, different angels apparently lead the heavenly worship on successive Sabbaths in different languages. There is also a Jewish source speaking of divine sashes that allowed some women to speak in Angelic languages—but this source may be later than Acts (and the languages spoken by the women are described as intelligible, so perhaps they are no angelic after all). So, Spirit-inspired use of other languages seems unprecedented in the Judaic background of Acts.However, Jewish tradition certainly affirmed Spirit-filled prophecy. For example, consider 1 Samuel:Afterward you will go to Gibeah of God, where there are Philistine officials. When you enter the town, you will meet a company of prophets coming down from the high place. They will have harps, tambourines, flutes, and lyres, and they will be prophesying. 6 Then the Spirit of the Lord will rush upon you and you will prophesy with them. You will be changed into a different person. When these signs have taken place, do whatever your hand finds to do, for God will be with you. 1 Samuel 10:5-7Could this speaking in tongues have been borrowed from non-Jewish cultures? As Craig Keener points out:Many scholars think that the early Christian experience of tongues originated in such magical syllables or in unintelligible ecstatic speech, attested in both Egypt and Greece. The extant early Christian understandings of the experience, however (in Luke and Paul), do not reflect this background, and the experience probably (as Luke suggests) initially predates the expansion of Christianity into a Diaspora setting where such a background could make sense.In short, God-empowered speaking in tongues, even if interpreted liberally, was unusual in the ancient world. However, it is central to Acts and the early church. This kind of speaking in tongues is even attested to by church fathers. For example, Irenaeus (c. 130 – 202 AD) wrote:In like manner we do also hear many brethren in the Church, who possess prophetic gifts, and who through the Spirit speak all kinds of languages, and bring to light for the general benefit the hidden things of men, and declare the mysteries of God . . . . Her. 5.6.1A Reversal of BabelMany people (including scholars and commentators, current and ancient) understand Acts 2 as a reversal of the Babel story and believe that Luke patterned his narrative after it. The allusion is not immediately clear but there are some indications. The table of nations in Genesis 10 (shortly preceding the Babel narrative) seems to inform the list of nations in Acts 2. Acts 2 speaks of spreading tongues and confusion, using terms that sound similar to the confusion of tongues in the Babel narrative. More importantly, whether the author makes a textual allusion or not, the theological inference seems justified. Let's read the Babel story.The whole earth had a common language and a common vocabulary. . . . Then they said, “Come, let's build ourselves a city and a tower with its top in the heavens so that we may make a name for ourselves. Otherwise we will be scattered across the face of the entire earth.”But the Lord came down to see the city and the tower that the people had started building. And the Lord said, “If as one people all sharing a common language they have begun to do this, then nothing they plan to do will be beyond them. Come, let's go down and confuse their language so they won't be able to understand each other.”So the Lord scattered them from there across the face of the entire earth, and they stopped building the city. That is why its name was called Babel—because there the Lord confused the language of the entire world, and from there the Lord scattered them across the face of the entire earth.In Babel, God scattered nations for trying to deify themselves, paralleling Adam's revolt and his expulsion from the garden. By contrast, the disciples at Pentecost were waiting in obedience to a divine command; instead of trying to reach heaven, they were waiting for their Lord, who had ascended to heaven, to send them the Spirit. In Gen 11:7, God descended to confound the transgressors, but at Pentecost God descends to clarify the mystery of the gospel to all people. In Genesis, God descended and scattered tongues to prevent unity; in Acts, the Spirit descends and scatters tongues to create unity across cultures and nations.I said last time, but I will say it again. The coming of the Spirit, the story of Acts, is the beginning of the end of the world. The curse on sinful mankind is being reversed. The kingdom of God is both here and growing. The message of salvation spreads from Israel to all nations.

The crisis in Egypt enabled Antiochus III to launch another invasion south into Ptolemaic territory, kickstarting the Fifth Syrian War (202-195) that finally delivered Coele Syria into Seleucid hands after almost a century of conflict. Antiochus' ambition to claim the territories of Seleucus I leads him to campaign in Europe, placing him on a collision course with the Roman Republic. Episode Notes: (https://hellenisticagepodcast.wordpress.com/2023/10/15/091-the-fifth-syrian-war/) Episode Transcript: (https://hellenisticagepodcast.files.wordpress.com/2023/10/091-the-fifth-syrian-war-transcript.pdf) Social Media: Twitter (https://twitter.com/HellenisticPod) Facebook (www.facebook.com/hellenisticagepodcast/) Instagram (https://www.instagram.com/hellenistic_age_podcast/) Twitch (https://www.twitch.tv/hellenisticagepodcast) Show Merchandise: Etsy (https://www.etsy.com/shop/HellenisticAgePod) Redbubble (https://www.redbubble.com/people/HellenisticPod/shop?asc=u) Donations: Patreon (https://patreon.com/TheHellenisticAgePodcast) Ko-Fi (https://ko-fi.com/hellenisticagepodcast) Amazon Book Wish List (https://tinyurl.com/vfw6ask)

Virgil and Dante the pilgrim have completed their first major, breath-taking climb on Mount Purgatory. They hang out for a bit on a ledge for a little rest. In truth, there's no rest with all these mental gymnastics!Join me, Mark Scarbrough, as we explore this passage. Dante notices that the sun is shining on the "wrong" side of him and Virgil explains (or imagines or "rationalizes") the sun's position in the southern hemisphere, based on the intricate workings of a geocentric universe.Here are the segments for this episode of WALKING WITH DANTE:[01:50] My English translation of the passage: PURGATORIO, Canto IV, lines 52 - 75. If you'd like to read along, print it off, make notes, or drop a comment to me, please go to my website, markscarbrough.com.[03:53] How ironic that a passage with so many mental gymnastics is supposed to be restful![06:44] In the geocentric universe as Dante understands it, the sun's position is on an ellipse around the globe.[10:48] Virgil's explanation for the sun's position involves a complicated supposition about the sun's position later in the year, when the sun is in the constellation Gemini.[13:47] Dante's successful trek across the cosmos is in direct contrast to Phaeton's failed journey across the sky.[16:47] Let's begin a larger discussion of the Ptolemaic universe--particularly, the beginning of the cracks in that conception in the European late Middle Ages.

The “Golden Age” of the Ptolemaic dynasty comes to an end as Ptolemy IV dies unexpectedly in 204. Greedy ministers looking to control the boy-king Ptolemy V leave Alexandria in a mess of schemes, murder, and rioting. Meanwhile, decades of economic turmoil and cultural tension results the outbreak of the "Great Revolt", a twenty year-long (206-186) rebellion of disaffected native Egyptians, who ripped away control of Upper Egypt and installed a rival pharaoh named Haronnophoris, leaving the once mighty Ptolemaic kingdom on the verge of collapse. Episode Notes: (https://hellenisticagepodcast.wordpress.com/2023/06/20/087-ptolemaic-egypt-the-great-revolt/) Episode Transcript: (https://hellenisticagepodcast.files.wordpress.com/2023/06/087-ptolemaic-egypt-the-great-revolt-transcript.pdf) Family Tree (Reign of Ptolemy IV) (https://hellenisticagepodcast.files.wordpress.com/2023/06/reign-of-ptolemy-iv.pdf) Save Ancient Studies Alliance (SASA) Website (https://www.saveancientstudies.org/) Virtual Conference 2023 (https://www.saveancientstudies.org/virtual-conference) Workshop (https://www.saveancientstudies.org/event-details/opening-the-ancient-world-online-conference-2023-07-23-09-30) Social Media: Twitter (https://twitter.com/HellenisticPod) Facebook (www.facebook.com/hellenisticagepodcast/) Instagram (https://www.instagram.com/hellenistic_age_podcast/) Twitch (https://www.twitch.tv/hellenisticagepodcast) Show Merchandise: Etsy (https://www.etsy.com/shop/HellenisticAgePod) Redbubble (https://www.redbubble.com/people/HellenisticPod/shop?asc=u) Donations: Ko-Fi (https://ko-fi.com/hellenisticagepodcast) Amazon Book Wish List (https://tinyurl.com/vfw6ask)

Help keep our podcast going by contributing to our Patreon! Shakespeare wrote about them. Hollywood glamorized them. For thousands of years, they've come down to us as the ultimate star-crossed lovers: the Ptolemaic queen Cleopatra, and the Roman commander Marc Antony. In the wake of Caesar's death, Cleopatra fled to Egypt--and began picking up the pieces. Meanwhile, Marc Antony defeated Caesar's assassins in battle, and then set his sights on invading Parthia. But to invade Parthia, he needed the money and support of Rome's richest client ruler: Cleopatra. And Cleopatra had an agenda, too: she needed another Roman protector to shore up her power in Egypt. Find out what happened when these two met on the banks of the River Tarsus. Sponsors and Advertising This podcast is a member of Airwave Media podcast network. Want to advertise on our show? Please direct advertising inquiries to advertising@airwavemedia.com. Thanks HelloFresh! Go to HelloFresh.com/fangirl16 and use code fangirl16 for 16 free meals plus free shipping! Thanks Athletic Greens. Go to athleticgreens.com/fangirl to get a FREE 1-year supply of immune-supporting Vitamin D AND 5 FREE travel packs with your first purchase.  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Help keep our podcast going by contributing to our Patreon! When Julius Caesar arrived in Egypt, he walked into a civil war between the country's new co-rulers: Ptolemy XIII and his sister Cleopatra. The romance between Caesar and Cleopatra is one of the most epic of ancient times. But we can't tell you that story until you understand who Cleopatra was. And to understand Cleopatra, you have to understand the political element in which she swam. In this episode, we take you from the cutthroat intrigue of the Ptolemaic court to the volatile streets of Alexandria—and from Cleopatra's early life to the events that led her to take an extreme gamble and team up with the man who'd just conquered Rome. Sponsors and Advertising This podcast is a member of Airwave Media podcast network. Want to advertise on our show? Please direct advertising inquiries to advertising@airwavemedia.com. Thanks HelloFresh! Go to HelloFresh.com/fangirl16 and use code fangirl16 for 16 free meals plus free shipping! Thanks Athletic Greens. Go to athleticgreens.com/fangirl to get a FREE 1-year supply of immune-supporting Vitamin D AND 5 FREE travel packs with your first purchase.  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Ptolemaic dynasty, sometimes referred to as the Lagid dynasty, was a Macedonian Greek royal dynasty which ruled the Ptolemaic Kingdom in Ancient Egypt during the Hellenistic period. Their rule lasted for 275 years, from 305 to 30 BC. The Ptolemaic was the last dynasty of ancient Egypt. Help us out by filling out this survey Travel to Japan With Me here Bonus episodes as well as ad-free episodes on Patreon. Find us on Instagram. Join us on Discord. Submit your relatives on our website Join the Book Club on http://chirpbooks.com/history Get some delicious COFFEE Podcast Youtube Channel Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Cleopatra XII is one of the most famous individuals from the ancient world. The final Queen of Ancient Egypt, and a woman who used her position to directly influence Roman politics and society, there's more to her than Shakespeare plays would suggest. And while Cleopatra's story ended in tragedy, what about her children who survived? Cleopatra Selene, named after her mother, is a story lost to history - the true, final ruler of the Ptolemaic dynasty, what do we know about her today?In this episode Tristan is joined by Dr Jane Draycott from the University of Glasgow, to learn about the astonishing life of this other Cleopatra. Cleopatra Selene II grew up during the last days of Ancient Egypt, and in Rome during the first years of its new Empire. She would go on to rule as Queen of Numidia, Mauretania and finally Cyrenaica, becoming one of the most important women of the Augustan age. So what can we learn from Cleopatra Selene, and is it time she's recognised as a giant of the ancient world?The Senior Producer was Elena GuthrieThe Assistant Producer was Annie ColoeEdited by Aidan LonerganFor more Ancients content, subscribe to our Ancients newsletter here. If you'd like to learn even more, we have hundreds of history documentaries, ad free podcasts and audiobooks at History Hit - subscribe today! Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

The Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems (Dialogo sopra i due massimi sistemi del mondo) is a 1632 Italian-language book by Galileo Galilei comparing the Copernican system with the traditional Ptolemaic system. It was translated into Latin as Systema cosmicum (English: Cosmic System) in 1635 by Matthias Bernegger. The book was dedicated to Galileo's patron, Ferdinando II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, who received the first printed copy on February 22, 1632. Download your copy of Galileo's Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems in auidiobook form here https://BrianKeating.com/dialogue Background In the Copernican system, the Earth and other planets orbit the Sun, while in the Ptolemaic system, everything in the Universe circles around the Earth. The Dialogue was published in Florence under a formal license from the Inquisition. In 1633, Galileo was found to be "vehemently suspect of heresy" based on the book, which was then placed on the Index of Forbidden Books, from which it was not removed until 1835 (after the theories it discussed had been permitted in print in 1822). In an action that was not announced at the time, the publication of anything else he had written or ever might write was also banned in Catholic countries. Overview While writing the book, Galileo referred to it as his Dialogue on the Tides, and when the manuscript went to the Inquisition for approval, the title was Dialogue on the Ebb and Flow of the Sea. He was ordered to remove all mention of tides from the title and to change the preface because granting approval to such a title would look like approval of his theory of the tides using the motion of the Earth as proof. As a result, the formal title on the title page is Dialogue, which is followed by Galileo's name, academic posts, and followed by a long subtitle. The name by which the work is now known was extracted by the printer from the description on the title page when permission was given to reprint it with an approved preface by a Catholic theologian in 1744. This must be kept in mind when discussing Galileo's motives for writing the book. Although the book is presented formally as a consideration of both systems (as it needed to be in order to be published at all), there is no question that the Copernican side gets the better of the argument. Structure The book is presented as a series of discussions, over a span of four days, among two philosophers and a layman: Salviati argues for the Copernican position and presents some of Galileo's views directly, calling him the "Academician" in honor of Galileo's membership in the Accademia dei Lincei. He is named after Galileo's friend Filippo Salviati (1582–1614). Sagredo is an intelligent layman who is initially neutral. He is named after Galileo's friend Giovanni Francesco Sagredo (1571–1620). Simplicio, a dedicated follower of Ptolemy and Aristotle, presents the traditional views and the arguments against the Copernican position. He is supposedly named after Simplicius of Cilicia, a sixth-century commentator on Aristotle, but it was suspected the name was a double entendre, as the Italian for "simple" (as in "simple minded") is "semplice".Simplicio is modeled on two contemporary conservative philosophers, Lodovico delle Colombe (1565–1616?), Galileo's opponent, and Cesare Cremonini (1550–1631), a Paduan colleague who had refused to look through the telescope. Colombe was the leader of a group of Florentine opponents of Galileo's, which some of the latter's friends referred to as "the pigeon league". Join PragerU: www.prageru.com Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A re-airing of the conversation Liv had with the Partial Historians! Dr. Rad and Dr. G give Liv a history of the last pharaoh of Egypt, the Ptolemaic queen Cleopatra VII. Listen to the Partial Historians wherever you get your podcasts. PRE-ORDER THE PARTIAL HISTORIANS' NEW BOOK ON THE SEVEN KINGS OF ROME NOW! Help keep LTAMB going by subscribing to Liv's Patreon for bonus content!CW/TW: far too many Greek myths involve assault. Given it's fiction, and typically involves gods and/or monsters, I'm not as deferential as I would be were I referencing the real thing.Attributions and licensing information for music used in the podcast can be found here: mythsbaby.com/sources-attributions. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.