Podcasts about capability approach

The landscape of development theory, measurement, and policy was transformed in 1990 with the publication of the first Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP). This report also introduced the Human Development Index, which is a summary measure of average achievement in 3 key dimensions of human development: life expectancy at birth, literacy and income. In 1981, Amartya Sen published a paper titled "Public action and the quality of life in developing countries", discussing global advancements in quality-of-life metrics such as longevity and literacy despite rising poverty in some areas. Sen highlighted the significant variance in progress among countries, examining how public policies influenced improvements in these indicators. His research on human capabilities, stressing the need for equitable opportunities and choices for everyone, also significantly contributed to the concept of human development. The noted Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq shared Sen's vision of focusing on human capabilities and well-being and moving beyond GDP in the pursuit of development.Haq also pioneered the practical application of the human development approach by introducing the Human Development Index. Both Sen and Haq were aided in this effort by Meghnad Desai, who taught economics from 1965 to 2003 at the London School of Economics, where he now holds the post of Professor Emeritus. Professor Desai has authored numerous books, the most recent being The Poverty of Political Economy: How Economics Abandoned the Poor (2022). He is also a member of the House of Lords of the United Kingdom. I recently had the pleasure of meeting Meghnad Desai at a conference in New Delhi, titled “Advancing Human Development in the Global South”. In this conversation, he highlights the shift in development metrics from traditional economic indicators to a more holistic approach that includes longevity, education, and income, explaining how this led to a transformative ranking system for countries and influenced international development policy. Our conversation took place outside the conference hall, on a chilly January day, amidst the hustle and bustle of traffic and fellow conference attendees. As I used my phone to record our discussion, you might find the sound quality less than ideal. However, I believe the insights shared by Meghnad Desai about the origins of the human development concept will more than compensate for any audio shortcomings. HostProfessor Dan Banik (@danbanik @GlobalDevPod)Apple Google Spotify YouTubeSubscribe: https://globaldevpod.substack.com/

Effective altruism has been in the news of late. Sam Bankman-Fried, the CEO of the FTX cryptocurrency exchange, which collapsed in 2022, was for many years a leading voice for and financial sponsor of the effective altruist movement. He and others have argued for ‘longtermism': the idea that positively influencing the distant future is a key moral priority of our time. As effective altruism and longtermism have become increasingly influential, these ideas have also been subject to greater scrutiny. Ryan Briggs is an associate professor in the Guelph Institute of Development Studies and Department of Political Science at the University of Guelph. He has worked extensively on foreign aid, African politics, and effective altruism. Twitter: @ryancbriggs Resources:Ryan's research on foreign aid and African politicsRethinking Foreign Aid and Legitimacy: Views from Aid Recipients in Kenya (Lindsay R. Dolan)The Life You Can Save (conversation with Peter Singer, in season 3 of In Pursuit of Development) Key highlights:Introduction - 00:43The current status of the effective altruism movement - 03:08Strengthening effective altruism with a capability approach - 15:07The political effects of foreign aid - 21:37Targeting the poorest in World Bank projects - 39:43How effective altruism can shape aid policies - 48:32 Host:Professor Dan Banik, University of Oslo, Twitter: @danbanik  @GlobalDevPodApple Google Spotify YouTubeSubscribe: https://globaldevpod.substack.com/   

This post outlines the capability approach to thinking about human welfare. I think that this approach, while very popular in international development, is neglected in EA. While the capability approach has problems, I think that it provides a better approach to thinking about improving human welfare than approaches based on measuring happiness or subjective wellbeing (SWB) or approaches based on preference satisfaction. Finally, even if you disagree that the capability approach is best, I think this post will be useful to you because it may clarify why many people and organizations in the international development or global health space take the positions that they do. I will be drawing heavily on the work of Amartya Sen, but I will often not be citing specific texts because I'm an academic and getting to write without careful citations is thrilling.Original article:https://forum.effectivealtruism.org/posts/zy6jGPeFKHaoxKEfT/the-capability-approachNarrated for the Effective Altruism Forum by TYPE III AUDIO.Share feedback on this narration.

Welcome to The Nonlinear Library, where we use Text-to-Speech software to convert the best writing from the Rationalist and EA communities into audio. This is: The Capability Approach, published by ryancbriggs on January 13, 2023 on The Effective Altruism Forum. This post outlines the capability approach to thinking about human welfare. I think that this approach, while very popular in international development, is neglected in EA. While the capability approach has problems, I think that it provides a better approach to thinking about improving human welfare than approaches based on measuring happiness or subjective wellbeing (SWB) or approaches based on preference satisfaction. Finally, even if you disagree that the capability approach is best, I think this post will be useful to you because it may clarify why many people and organizations in the international development or global health space take the positions that they do. I will be drawing heavily on the work of Amartya Sen, but I will often not be citing specific texts because I'm an academic and getting to write without careful citations is thrilling. This post will have four sections. First, I will describe the capability approach. Second, I will give some simple examples that illustrate why I think that aiming to maximize capabilities is the best way to do good for people. I'll frame these examples in opposition to other common approaches, but my goal here is mostly constructive and to argue for the capability approach rather than against maximizing, for example, SWB. Third, I will describe what I see as the largest downsides to the capability approach as well as possible responses to these downsides. Fourth and finally, I will explain my weakly-held theory that a lot of the ways that global health or international development organizations, including GiveWell, behave owes to the deep (but often unrecognized) influence of the capability approach on their thought. The capability approach The fundamental unit of the value in the capability approach is a functioning, which is anything that you can be or do. Eating is a functioning. Being an EA is a functioning. Other functionings include: being a doctor, running, practicing Judaism, sleeping, and being a parent. Capabilities are options to be or do a functioning. The goal of the capability approach is not to maximize the number of capabilities available to people, it is instead to maximize the number of sets of capabilities. The notion here is that if you maximized simply the number of capabilities then you might enable someone to be: a parent or employed outside the home. But someone might want to do both. If you're focusing on maximizing the number of sets of capabilities then you'll end up with: parent, employed, both parent and employed, and neither. The simple beauty of this setup is that it is aiming to maximize the options that people have available to them, from which they then select the group of functionings that they want most. This is why one great book about this approach is entitled “Development as Freedom.” The argument is that development is the process of expanding capabilities, or individual freedom to live the kind of life that you want. I will come to criticisms later on, but one thing people may note is that this approach will lead to a lot of sets of capabilities and we will need some way to rank them or condense the list. In theory, we would want to do this based on how much people value each capability set. I will discuss this issue in more detail in the third section. Examples of why I love the capability approach Here I'll lay out a few examples that show why I think the capability approach is the best way to think about improving human welfare. First, in opposition to preference-satisfaction approaches, the capability approach values options not taken. I think this accords with most of our intuitions, and that it takes real work for economics to train it out of people. Here are two examples...

Hosted and produced by Kathryn MacKay Guest: Claire Moore Paper: Objection or Obstacle: Applying Amartya Sen's Capability Approach to the Conscientious Refusal of Emergency Contraception Transcript: provided by Otter.ai Music: The City Sleeps by Death by Ginger

How should we measure educational success? Stan speaks to Ka Ya Lee, a PhD candidate from Harvard University, to discuss the capability approach. Currently, we mainly measure success by scores on standardised tests. Our fixation with results has warped the way we treat young people, and says little about children's wellbeing. It gives the child no say in how they want to grow as a person. Is there another way? Pioneered by economist Amartya Sen, the capability approach to human welfare “emphasizes the importance of freedom of choice, individual heterogeneity and the multi-dimensional nature of welfare”*. Ka Ya is asking: can the capability approach be applied to education? * The capability approach on Wikipedia: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capability_approach

Dr Graham Finlay, from the School of Politics and International Relations at University College Dublin, joins Sean to answer what is 'The Capability Approach.' Listen and subscribe to Moncrieff on Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts or Spotify.    Download, listen and subscribe on the Newstalk App     You can also listen to Newstalk live on newstalk.com or on Alexa, by adding the Newstalk skill and asking: 'Alexa, play Newstalk'.

Dr Graham Finlay, from the School of Politics and International Relations at University College Dublin, joins Sean to answer what is 'The Capability Approach.' Listen and subscribe to Moncrieff on Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts or Spotify.    Download, listen and subscribe on the Newstalk App.     You can also listen to Newstalk live on newstalk.com or on Alexa, by adding the Newstalk skill and asking: 'Alexa, play Newstalk'.

Hvilke ferdigheter er viktige i yrkesfagene og hva skal det fokuseres på i yrkesfagene? Hvilken plass skal yrkesfagene ha i utdanningssystemet? Og ikke minst, hvordan sørger vi for at yrkesfagene får denne plassen? Jeg snakker med Åshild Berg-Brekkhus, førsteamanuensis ved Høgskulen på Vestlandet. De siste årene har hun arbeidet og forsket med kapabilitetstilnærmingen (Capability Approach) og studert ungdoms kapabilitetsutvikling, eller deres reelle mulighetsbetingelser og frihet, til å utvikle sitt potensial og delta på likeverdige vilkår i utdannings- og yrkesliv samt i samfunn og demokrati.

The University of Maryland School of Public Policy Alumni Board's video and podcast series called Policy Dialogues discusses current events through a policy lens. Episode 17 focuses on Development Ethics with Professor Stacy Kosko who is Associate Director of the Minor in International Development and Conflict Management; and Assistant Research Professor in the Center for International Development and Conflict Management in the Department of Government and Politics at the University of Maryland. Her research focuses on development ethics, human rights, and severely marginalized populations. She completed her Ph.D. at the University of Maryland School of Public Policy with a concentration in international development. We discussed: How she first became interested in international development ethics and human rights and how they are connected to public policy; The Human Development and Capability Approach; Her work as a Fulbright Scholar in Moldova exploring minority youth participation in social and political change; Her new book, Agency and Democracy in Development Ethics; The Global Development and Design project that aims to create an online, open-access development project design toolkit; and Teaching during the pandemic and how to make labor relations in the university system more equitable. The interview was produced by Evan Papp (UMD SPP ‘11). The views expressed do not represent official positions of the school or alumni network.

The University of Maryland School of Public Policy Alumni Board's video and podcast series called Policy Dialogues discusses current events through a policy lens. Episode 17 focuses on Development Ethics with Professor Stacy Kosko who is Associate Director of the Minor in International Development and Conflict Management; and Assistant Research Professor in the Center for International Development and Conflict Management in the Department of Government and Politics at the University of Maryland.  Her research focuses on development ethics, human rights, and severely marginalized populations. She completed her Ph.D. at the University of Maryland School of Public Policy with a concentration in international development.   We discussed:  How she first became interested in international development ethics and human rights and how they are connected to public policy; The Human Development and Capability Approach; Her work as a Fulbright Scholar in Moldova exploring minority youth participation in social and political change; Her new book, Agency and Democracy in Development Ethics;  The Global Development and Design project that aims to create an online, open-access development project design toolkit; and Teaching during the pandemic and how to make labor relations in the university system more equitable. The interview was produced by Evan Papp (UMD SPP ‘11). The views expressed do not represent official positions of the school or alumni network.

My guest today is the philosophy professor Jonathan Wolff. Jonathan is the Alfred Landecker professor of values and public policy at the University of Oxford's Blavatnik School of Government.We cover:The Capability ApproachGlobal justice and the nation-stateThe difficulties of translating philosophy into policyBalancing Life & Liberty in the context of the corona virus, and;Universities in a post-covid worldShownotesLinksJonathan on TwitterJonathan's WebsiteJonathan's Faculty PageAn ethical framework for global vaccine allocationThe Divide by Jason HickelAmartya SenEthics and Public Policy bookDisadvantage BookIntroduction to Political PhilosophyIntroduction to Moral PhilosophyRawls' Theory of JusticeCreating CapabilitiesDevelopment as FreedomJonathan in the GuardianSupport this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/talk-of-today/donations

Julie Lawson from Housing Theory and Society sits down with Boram Kimhur, Housing Institutions and Governance, Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands. They talk about Boram's focus article: How to Apply the Capability Approach to Housing Policy? Concepts, Theories and Challenges https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14036096.2019.1706630 Beth Watts from Housing Studies talks to Gertjan Wijburg, Research Fellow at Utrecht University, the Netherlands and KU Leuven, Belgium, about Gertjan's paper: The de-financialization of housing: towards a research agenda https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02673037.2020.1762847 Emma Power from the International Journal of Housing Policy talks with Louise Crabtree, Institute for Culture and Society, Western Sydney University, about her policy review with colleagues: Impediments and opportunities for growing the cooperative housing sector: an Australian case study. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19491247.2019.1658916 Subscribe to the podcast: itunes.apple.com/au/podcast/housi…d1442996022?mt=2 Follow us on Twitter: @IJHPEditors for the International Journal of Housing Policy @HousingJournal for Housing Studies @HousingTheory for Housing Theory and Society

アマルティア・センの本、難しいけどこの話聞いてからだったら少しわかりやすくなるかもしれません。 --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/ak-voiceblog/message

Happiness is unarguably considered one of the great aims of life. But finding happiness can be a frustrating and confusing process as there are numbers of philosophical pathways to get there. Martha Nussbaum and Amartya Sen's Capability Approach cuts through this confusion and offers a single way to ensure well-being for each and every person. On this episode we explore the Capability Approach and consider a way toward implementing it using a challenging philosophical thought problem.Instagram: @grandtheoriesTwitter: @grand_theoriesMusic: The following is utilized under a Creative Commons 4.0 License:1. BenJamin Banger – “Bobby Drake”, "New Horizons", "JB", "King Jaffe Joe", "Church"Instagram: @benjaminbangerSoundcloud: @benjamin-banger2. Chris Zabriskie – “Fly Inverted Past a Jenny” and "Another Version of You"Soundcloud: @chriszabriskie3. Pipe Choir – “Exit Exit”Soundcloud: @pipe-choir-2 4. Chuki Beats - "Soul"Soundcloud: @yuki-asemotaWorks cited:1. Anand, P., Santos, C. and Smith, R. (2008). The measurement of capabilities. In Basu, K. and Kanbur, R. (Eds.) Arguments for a better world: essays in honor of Amartya Sen: volume I: ethics, welfare and measurement. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2. Aristotle, -. (2011). Nicomachean ethics (R. Bartlett and S. Collins, Trans.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. (Original work written circa 340 B.C.). 3. Easterlin, R. (1974). Does economic growth improve the human lot? some empirical evidence. In: David, P. and Reder, M. (Eds.) Nations and households in economic growth: essays in honor of Moses Abramovitz. New York: Academic Press.4. Joshanloo, M. and Weijers, D. (2014). Aversion to happiness across cultures: a review of where and why people are averse to happiness. Journal of Happiness Studies. 15(3). 717-735.5. Lutz, C. (1987). Goals, events and understanding in Ifaluk emotion theory. In Quinn, N. and Holland, D. (Eds.) Cultural models in language and thought. New York: Cambridge University Press.6. Nozick, R. (1974). Anarchy, state and utopia. New York: Basic Books.7. Nussbaum, M. (2011). Creating capabilities: the human development approach. Boston: Harvard University Press.8. Sen, A. (1981). Poverty and famines: an essay on entitlement and deprivation. Oxford: Clarendon Press.9. United States Central Intelligence Agency. The world factbook – GDP per capita (PPP). Retrieved from: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2004rank.html10. United Nations Development Programme. (2014). GDP per capita (2011 PPP $) Retrieved from: http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/gdp-per-capita-2011-ppp11. [University of Chicago Law School]. (2013). Martha Nussbaum, “Creating Capabilities: The Human Development Approach” [video file]. Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sYfFGDhbHUk&t=1954s

Author and speaker, Donna Thomson, takes us on the journey of a caregiver.   In Episode #050, I had the pleasure of interviewing Donna Thomson and we dove into the topic of caregiving. Donna is an author and speaker on issues relating to family caregiving, disability and aging. She is a patient and family advisor on health research and policy. Donna teaches family caregivers how to advocate for care in hospital and in the community.     If you find this read interesting you can listen to the conversation in its entirety by clicking play on the player below or searching ‘Empowering Ability’ on your podcast player, such as, Apple Podcasts, Spotify, Google Play.   Before my interview with Donna I took the opportunity to read Donna’s first book, ‘The 4 Walls of my Freedom’, which really helped me to gain perspective on what it is be like to be a mother with a child that has medical needs. It gave me perspective on what it must have been like for my own mother, when faced with the medical challenges my sister experienced at a young age. Quoting Donna from her book, “Mothering a child with medical needs is a very public, but lonely endeavor.”     On the podcast I ask Donna, “Can you share your experience so that others listening can also understand your perspective? And, so other mothers maybe don’t feel so alone?     Paraphrasing from the podcast Donna shares, “My son, [Nicholas], has CP [cerebral palsy] and a complex disability. At 4 months [old] he was diagnosed, and it was like he became the property of health care and social care systems. We began to be assessed and I felt as though I was under a microscope. [I was] Grateful for the assistance because you feel like it is the key to the future success of your child, and you want to present as a competent parent. Then you learn when you present as a competent parent that’s reason for people to abandon you. If you seem to be doing well then people aren’t going to help you. In order to access the help you need at home you have to demonstrate failure as a parent. What do these assessments and scores about my baby say about me? Am I a success or failure as a parent? All of this brought the bond between my son and I closer and we would have very intimate moments when alone at home.”   I ask, “Do you feel that this pushed you into being a victim?”   In summary Donna replied, “Not exactly. We had to demonstrate to the system what our needs where, and to do that they had to show them that they were struggling.”     Finding Pleasure in Peeling the Potatoes:   In a previous conversation with Donna it came up that she had to find pleasure in peeling the potatoes and this connects directly to her book title ‘The Four Walls of My Freedom.’ On the podcast, I ask Donna, “Why do we need to find pleasure in peeling the potatoes? And, how do we do that?”   Paraphrasing from the podcast Donna shares, “I can’t leave my house, so how can I make a rich life of this? Watching the lady peeling the avocados next door through the window, [I admired] the way she was able to peel the avocado without breaking the skin was beautiful. I started thinking I can do that. Then I started thinking about how well I am peeling vegetables. It was sensual, secondly, I was feeding my children. I linked what I was doing with the purpose of what I was doing.     I started thinking about the tiniest things that I was doing as forms of meditation, and it made me happy. I wasn’t doing anything differently, I was simply looking at myself doing the jobs of feeding the kids, doing the laundry, and making the bed.   Locating the extraordinary in the ordinary. We have the benefit of the slow movement lived loud in our families. We do things more slowly, we are more contemplative, we do things more purposefully. There is opportunity in finding meaning and joy in the way we live.”     Everyone is a Caregiver.   Donna shares, “The word caregiver applies to everybody. At the end of the day we are talking about dependency needs met by someone else. A pet, a friend, we all look after each other even when we are perfectly healthy in the prime of our lives. You are not feeling good I will bring you over some soup. We don’t have anything in our society to say that caring for someone is okay. The pendulum has swung so far away from providing care [being accepted in our society].   In my first conversation with Donna, she helped me to realize that I am a caregiver. When I was honest with myself it was the truth, and it felt weird. My ego didn’t want to accept this language because of the societal stigmas that are attached to caregiving. At first, it made me feel weak. Upon reflection, and acceptance that I am a caregiver there is a strength that comes with being a caregiver. Caregiving is one of the most connected and real human experiences that we can have, it has been wired into our biology as we have evolved as an advanced species. As Donna shares, “Everyone is a caregiver.”    So I ask you, how are you a caregiver? I invite you to celebrate that you are a caregiver, and not to fight it or deny it. What are the benefits that caregiving brings into your life?     Donna's Life as an Activist:   Paraphrasing from the podcast Donna Shares, “My idea was do to a post mortem on our family experience and the support that we received, or did not receive, and to determine what was helpful and what was not helpful. I thought this would be useful for other families and policy makers. I became involved in inclusion. I became active in the family movement, and I became involved with the Ottawa affiliate for PLAN, which is all about citizenship.   I became aware of and met Indian economist, Amartya Sen, who developed ‘The Capability Approach’. The Capability Approach looks at how people can be supported by the community and the State so that they can have a life that they value. It is about individual choice and being supported to have a life that you value within circumstances of adversity. Sen was looking at extreme poverty in India, but I used this approach to look at my family.”     Donna used this approach in her book 'The 4 Walls of my Freedom’  looking at how people can make personal choices, express their personal values, and live in the community to do this. Donna and I further discuss inclusion, and I recommend you listen to this episode to hear these perspectives.     Donna's New Book:   I’m co-writing a new book with Dr Zackery White, a professor at Queens University in Charlotte North Carolina.   Donna shares, “Dr. Zackery White is writing about Caregiver identity and how it is so difficult to express the transformations that happen when giving high levels of care to someone. Lots of things grow and lots of things die when you become immersed in giving care to someone. Giving people language to create the narrative to understand your life in the now.   My part of the book is the what’s next. What can you do to be an advocate and take action; personal support networks, what are the assets in your community [asset based community development], and online tools including support groups. These are actions you can take to thrive in situations of adversity. It will be titled something like ‘Transformations in Caregiving’ ”.       I thank Donna for coming on the podcast and sharing her deeply personal experiences, and her insights on caregiving. Thank you for doing the work you do Donna!   If you received value from reading this blog or listening to this podcast episode I encourage you to share it with someone else you feel would benefit.     Love & Respect, Eric Goll         Resources:     Donna's Blog: The Caregivers' Living Room  www.donnathomson.com   Book  ‘The 4 Walls of my Freedom’– Available at any major book seller.   Facebook Group - The caregivers living room       If you received value from this content please leave me a review on iTunes. By leaving a 5 star review on iTunes you make the Empowering Ability Podcast more discoverable, and more families will benefit. Click Here To Leave a Review on iTunes       The Empowering Ability Podcast is available on iTunes and various other apps so that you can listen while on the go from your smartphone!   Click Here To Listen on iTunes            Tags: #Caregiving #Donna Thompson #WeAreAllCaregivers

Ethics in marketing? Yes. Marketing needs ethics, too. After all, many people say “marketing” like it's a four-letter word. Senior Staff Instructor at LinkedIn Learning, Morten Rand-Hendriksen joins us this week on WPblab to talk about ethics in marketing. With a passion for learning new things (including ballroom dancing with his wife), philosophy, and accessibility, Morten is well-known as an advocate for all things forward-facing in tech but realizes the ethics implications. Join us this week for the live chat to ask Morten your questions.Twitter: @mor10Site: http://mor10.com/LinkedIn Learning & Lynda.comStudied Philosophy at UniversityEthics 101 (definition) … there are two terms you hear all the time – ethics & morals – two different aspects of the same thing (two sides of the same coin)Morals – internalized understanding of what is right and wrongEthics – a human definition of systems that you use to define what is right and wrongIf you look at Ethical Theory, you are looking at Moral Traditions – confusingly!There is often a disconnect in understanding the terminology between the two“Cryptomining is a good example of why the web design industry needs ethics”Ethics (as defined by Moren) – the rules that we create to allow us to judge individual actions and see if they are justifiable in a moral context“Why don’t people in the WordPress community copy each others themes and release them in a different name” – there’s nothing that explicitly prevents it, but there are ethics that keep them from doing soKant’s Categorical Imperative (wikipedia) – act as if you want your act to be a universal law – this is how people should always behaveWe need ethics in marketing – as you release this thing into the world, how do you want it to be handledThere’s a common misunderstanding that ethics provides you a list of dos and don’ts – it doesn’t – that is dogmatic moralism. Rather, ethics give you the tools to at least attempt to think through the decisions you make, before you turn those decisions to action (and see what the consequences might be)Example: There is code that you can currently install on your site that runs crypto mining processes on the computers of everyone who visits your site – generates money and sends it back to the owner of the siteSalon is using adblocking readers' CPU power to mine cryptocurrencySalon to ad blockers:Can we use your browser to mine cryptocurrency?Salon has every right to hijack your laptop to mine cryptocurrency while you read it – businessinsider.comThe JavaScript Supply Chain Paradox:SRI, CSP and Trust in Third Party LibrariesDonate Your TabConsequentialism – what are the consequences of your actions and do those consequences improve the common good? It is okay if some people are disadvantaged as long as the large majority are advantaged.In the case of the Crypto code – everyone is disadvantaged but the website owner, so Consequentialism would say – don’t do this!Duty ethics – you have to perform acts in a way that you would want every other person to behave in that same situation, not because you have to, but because you actually believe that’s how it should be doneYou have a duty of care to everyone who interacts with your website – unless you explicitly state that you are doing this, you are failing your visitorsVirtue Ethics – what kind of person do you become by performing the act. This is the oldest of these theories.  The idea is that a human can only become virtuous by aspiring to a set of virtues.Is this the type of person that I want to be?  That I would want everyone else to be?Capability Approach – the morality of an act has to be judged on what capabilities it grants the person it is acted upon. Does it improve their capabilities?Start thinking about how what we are doing effects the ends user. What kind of future am I building for the people who are using this site?A tiny toolkit to help you answer your own questions!What kind of world am I building for the end user?Who do I become by doing this?Do I want every other person to do this in the same circumstance?Am I increasing the overall utility for everyone? (everyone might be end user)What is the value of getting an influencer to say something about your product?You think they have more authority (there is value / money in that)It’s because people innately believe what they say – even if not true – and respond to that influenceIf you “ghost write” a review and make it seem as if it’s written entirely from the influencer, then the whole trust equation falls apart – your duty of care (ethically) would require you to disclose that information to your audienceThe “Milli Vanilli” effect100% GPL – if you aren’t 100% compliant, you can’t sponsor a WordCamp – how do ethics apply hereSomeone has to make a decision about who is affected and who is not, it can become a very subjective decision. In WordPress, that person is often Matt Mullenweg – we are granting him license to do this by following alongThe WordPress community largely rises and falls based on whether people are willing to buy into the importance and need of GPLEthics is complicated – every single person who is in the conversation will have a different viewpoint – if it’s a good ethical conversation, you touch on all the pain points enough that people are satisfied and everything has been accounted forIf we start over – what capabilities should we grant the end user and how do those capabilities help them improve their lives. One of the big values is that WordPress is free and (relatively) safe to use … you can formulate some overall idea.  We are granting the capability to publish to the internet anyone who has access to any internet connectionThere is a constant battle between wanting to be the type of person who creates things for the WordPress community to freely use (open source) and also needing to be able to provide an income for yourself and your family – what is our ethical responsibility to ourselves and the end user?Bridget: If you’re going to build a product and you decide to start with those 4 ‘toolkit’ questions as part of your branding standards, then you would already be about 70% of the way thereWe are building a world for our end users – what kind of world do we want to build for them? What are the consequences of our choices? Ethics should not be a wet blanket on our creativity, it should be a hearth that keeps all that creativity from ‘burning down the house’What did we do wrong here? How did we end up in the place? What can we do to keep it from happening again?Tools of the Week—Bridget: HemmingwayApp.comJason: still using SetApp – but wishes it had Magnet (allows you to move items around on the screen to the edges and makes the windows snap)Morten: Pocket – save articles to read later – strips out all the ads and just gives you the text – it can also read it back to you!  Even works with the Kobo e-Reader!!Suggested reading for everyone: Virtual Reality As Possibility SpaceLet us know who helped us out with the show notes (we’ll link to you)Cheryl LaPrade @yaycherylSherie LaPrade @heysherieJames Tryon @jamestryon (but not enough for a true bi-line)The post WPblab EP94 – Exploring the Ethics of Marketing with Morten Rand-Hendriksen appeared first on WPwatercooler. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Digitale Markenführung bedeutet viel mehr als nur die Darstellung der Marke zu Zwecken der Verkaufswerbung. Vielmehr muss sie das Unternehmen in seiner Gesamtheit erfassen. In unseren vom Mangel an Fachkräften geprägten Zeiten müssen Marken darüber hinaus auch in besonderem Maße auf ihre Reputation im Arbeitsmarkt achten und sich als attraktive Arbeitgeber positionieren. Die Transparenz des Internet, innerhalb dessen Marken sich den unterschiedlichsten Interessengruppen präsentieren, zwingt Unternehmen, auch beim Personalmanagement und Recruiting neue Wege zu gehen.   Ohne digitale Markenführung sind die notwendigen Erneuerungen nicht umsetzbar.   Gute Marken entstehen durch Teamgeist   Alles, was von außen betrachtet leicht, perfekt und wie gespielt erscheint, erfordert den akribischsten Fleiß, die umfangreichste Vorbereitung und oftmals jahrelange Übung.   So ist es bei allen Projekten, die einen Team- bzw. Mannschaftsgeist erfordern, ohne den das zielgerichtete Agieren einer Gruppe nicht möglich wäre, ob im Sport, in der Kunst oder in einem Unternehmen. Wer je eine Aufführung des Bolschoi-Balletts gesehen, eine vom Berliner Philharmonischen Orchester gespielten Sinfonie gehört oder einem Spiel der besten Basketball- oder Fußballteams beigewohnt hat, weiß, wovon die Rede ist: Performanz, die nur deshalb so perfekt wirkt, weil sie ganz leicht, wie gespielt daherkommt: Eingespielte Professionalität. Dabei darf die Gleichrichtung der einzelnen Elemente auf keinen Fall mit deren Gleichschaltung verwechselt werden. Die besten Teams ziehen ihre Stärke aus den besonderen Fähigkeiten und Eigenschaften ihrer Mitspieler, die nicht ohne weiteres gegen andere auszutauschen sind. Je größer der personelle Austausch, umso langwieriger und mühsamer das erneute Einspielen des Ganzen.   Wer an die besten Ensembles denkt, ihren Namen hört das Vereinswappen oder Signet erblickt, weiß sofort, dass es sich um die besten Marken ihrer Branche handelt. Sofort werden Assoziationen an Zuverlässigkeit und Professionalität geweckt, an eine besondere Qualität.   Menschen machen Marken   Wir wissen ja, dass aus einem guten Markenkonstrukt, einer Marke mit starker Sogwirkung, all das heraus strahlt, was sie zu dem macht, was sie ist: Von der Idee bis zum Endprodukt und dessen Vermarktung. Hinter allem steht ein Team: Das Personal der Marke. Der Begriff der Marke wird in unserem Kontext synonym für Unternehmen verwendet.   Da alles auf Menschen zurückgeht, für Menschen erdacht und gemacht ist und von Menschen angeboten und nachgefragt wird, ist der Fokus der Marke in besonderem Maße auf das Personal und die Personalgestaltung zu richten. Der Begriff der Personalgestaltung bezieht sich aber nicht nur auf die Seite des Arbeitgebers, sondern auch auf jene des Mitarbeiters.   Es müssen Methoden gefunden werden, mit denen Personal so auf die Marke eingestimmt und eingestellt werden kann, dass sich die Mitarbeiter mit der Marke identifizieren. Dies geschieht nicht nur über die Marke selbst, sondern in viel stärkerem Maße über die Selbstidentifikation der in ein Unternehmen bzw. eine Marke involvierten Menschen als Individuen und Persönlichkeiten.   Wie?   Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass der sog. „Capability Approach“ ein tragfähiger Ansatz ist, wenn es um die psychologisch „korrekte“ Einbindung von Mitarbeitern in eine Marke geht. Dieser Zugang führt zu den Fähigkeiten von Menschen als wichtigste und wertvollste Ressource von Unternehmen. Er wird den Menschen dort gerecht, wo es um ihre Individualität und ihre Freiheit geht. Die Fähigkeitsprofile von Menschen sind aufgrund individueller Prägungen, Erfahrungen, Wünsche und Träume naturgemäß verschieden. Das heißt, dass in dem Fähigkeiten-Paradigma immer auch die individuSupport the show (https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_s-xclick&hosted_button_id=2PU5W9H752VZJ&source=url)

Grassroots disability organizations are demanding the resignation of Peter Singer after he advocated the killing of disabled infants for economic reasons on a radio talk show.   Singer is an important figure in the Animal Liberation Front and a tenured bio-ethics professor at Princeton, Eddie Ytuarte talks to Steven Drake of Not Dead Yet about Peter Singer's latest dangerous statements. The on-line petition protesting Singer's philosophy garnered 460 signatures in three days, many from people who live with major disabilities.  The petition cites Singer's long history of dismissing the lives of disabled people as well as his recent remarks. Singer … is advocating that both government run healthcare and private insurance can and should deny care to some people based on real or alleged cognitive and/or physical disabilities for economic reasons. Read the petition and add your name HERE. Peter Singer book, Animal Liberation: A New Ethics for Our Treatment of Animals (1975), is widely considered to be the founding philosophical statement of the animal liberation movement and his writing is popular among other environmentalists.  His thinking is based on the philosophy of Utilitarianism. Martha Nussbaum, author of  Frontiers of Justice: Disability, Nationality, Species Membership (2006), says the Capability Approach provides a more adequate foundation for justice than Utilitarianism can supply.  Utilitarianism, Nussbaum argues, ignores adaptive preferences, elides the separateness of distinct persons, misidentifies valuable human/non-human emotions such as grief, and calculates according to “sum-rankings” rather than inviolable protection of intrinsic entitlements.   The post Disability Organizations Demand Singer's Resignation appeared first on KPFA.

This paper was delivered by Franz Eiffe of Statistik Austria, during the Theoretical Perspectives on Poverty stream of the Heterodox Economics: Perspectives on Poverty conference at City University London on 16 November 2012.

Filosofiska rummet Utblick: Frihet och jämlikhet i världens mest liberala land. I Nederländerna har det blivit vanligt att ifrågasätta författningens första paragraf, som garanterar alla medborgare lika behandling oavsett kön, religion, livsinriktning eller ras. Många menar att det är en tyrannisk form av jämlikhet som tvingar människor att vara jämlika. Marjolijn Februari, rättsfilosof, kolumnist och skönlitterär författare i Amsterdam, menar tvärtom att paragrafen inte tvingar folk att vara lika utan tillåter dem att vara olika. I veckans Filosofiska rummet träffar Thomas Lunderquist henne, och han beger sig också till Erasmus-universitetet i Rotterdam och ekonomen och filosofen Ingrid Robeyns. Både hon och Februari framhåller den indiske nationalekonomen Amartya Sen och hans Capability Approach, vikten av att människor tillerkänns en jämlik möjlighet att skapa sina liv. Producerat av Lokatt Media för Sveriges Radio.