Podcasts about ffmi

Wie viel Muskulatur kannst Du wirklich aufbauen – ohne Deine Gesundheit zu verzocken? Und woran erkennst Du, wie weit Du Dein genetisches Fitness-Potenzial schon ausgereizt hast?Lass uns gemeinsam ein paar gängige Mythen rund ums genetische Muskelaufbaupotenzial entzaubern. Du erfährst, wie stark Du realistischerweise (und ohne Doping) werden kannst, was BMI und FFMI in dem Kontext wirklich aussagen und wie Du Deine Trainingserfolge besser einordnen kannst – basierend auf Wissenschaft, Erfahrung und einer Grafik, die es auf den Punkt bringt.In dieser Folge erfährst Du:Was das genetische Limit im Muskelaufbau tatsächlich bedeutetWie Du den FFMI nutzt, um Deinen Fortschritt greifbar zu machenWarum Social Media oft ein verzerrtes Bild liefertUnd wie eine simple Grafik Dir dabei hilft, smarter zu trainieren – statt härterViel Spaß beim Hören!____________*WERBUNG: Infos zum Werbepartner dieser Folge und allen weiteren Werbepartnern findest Du hier.____________Ressourcen zur Folge:Vollständiger Artikel mit der erwähnten Grafik zur FolgeAlles über Muskelfasertypen (Folge 265)kostenloser FFMI RechnerFitnessstudio: ScoopWeitere Quellen:Kouri, E. M., Pope, H. G., Katz, D. L., & Oliva, P. (1995). Fat-free mass index in users and nonusers of anabolic-androgenic steroids. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 5(4), 223–228. https://doi.org/10.1097/00042752-199510000-00005Sagoe, D., Molde, H., Andreassen, C. S., Torsheim, T., & Pallesen, S. (2014). The global epidemiology of anabolic-androgenic steroid use: a meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis. Annals of Epidemiology, 24(5), 383–398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2014.01.009Hubal, M. J., Gordish-Dressman, H., Thompson, P. D., et al. (2005). Variability in muscle size and strength gain after unilateral resistance training. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 37(6), 964–972. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000170469.90461.5fSchoenfeld, B. J., Grgic, J., Ogborn, D., & Krieger, J. W. (2017). Strength and hypertrophy adaptations between low- vs. high-load resistance training: a meta-analysis. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 31(12), 3508–3523. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002200Grgic, J., Schoenfeld, B. J., Orazem, J., & Sabol, F. (2018). Effects of resistance training frequency on measures of muscle hypertrophy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 48(5), 1207–1220. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-018-0872-x Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Wie viel Muskulatur kannst Du wirklich aufbauen ohne Deine Gesundheit zu verzocken? Und woran erkennst Du, wie weit Du Dein genetisches Fitness-Potenzial schon ausgereizt hast?Lass uns gemeinsam ein paar gängige Mythen rund ums genetische Muskelaufbaupotenzial entzaubern. Du erfährst, wie stark Du realistischerweise (und ohne Doping) werden kannst, was BMI und FFMI in dem Kontext wirklich aussagen und wie Du Deine Trainingserfolge besser einordnen kannst basierend auf Wissenschaft, Erfahrung und einer Grafik, die es auf den Punkt bringt.In dieser Folge erfährst Du:Was das genetische Limit im Muskelaufbau tatsächlich bedeutetWie Du den FFMI nutzt, um Deinen Fortschritt greifbar zu machenWarum Social ...Du möchtest deinen Podcast auch kostenlos hosten und damit Geld verdienen? Dann schaue auf www.kostenlos-hosten.de und informiere dich. Dort erhältst du alle Informationen zu unseren kostenlosen Podcast-Hosting-Angeboten. kostenlos-hosten.de ist ein Produkt der Podcastbude.Gern unterstützen wir dich bei deiner Podcast-Produktion.

Wie viel Muskulatur kannst Du wirklich aufbauen ohne Deine Gesundheit zu verzocken? Und woran erkennst Du, wie weit Du Dein genetisches Fitness-Potenzial schon ausgereizt hast?Lass uns gemeinsam ein paar gängige Mythen rund ums genetische Muskelaufbaupotenzial entzaubern. Du erfährst, wie stark Du realistischerweise (und ohne Doping) werden kannst, was BMI und FFMI in dem Kontext wirklich aussagen und wie Du Deine Trainingserfolge besser einordnen kannst basierend auf Wissenschaft, Erfahrung und einer Grafik, die es auf den Punkt bringt.In dieser Folge erfährst Du:Was das genetische Limit im Muskelaufbau tatsächlich bedeutetWie Du den FFMI nutzt, um Deinen Fortschritt greifbar zu machenWarum Social ...Du möchtest deinen Podcast auch kostenlos hosten und damit Geld verdienen? Dann schaue auf www.kostenlos-hosten.de und informiere dich. Dort erhältst du alle Informationen zu unseren kostenlosen Podcast-Hosting-Angeboten. kostenlos-hosten.de ist ein Produkt der Podcastbude.Gern unterstützen wir dich bei deiner Podcast-Produktion.

In dieser Episode erwartet dich eine Rapid Fire Fragerunde, in der wir kurz und knapp über die wichtigsten Geschehnisse der letzten Woche durchgehen. Dabei sprechen wir insbesondere über die GNBF, UKDFBA und Olympia. Viel Spaß mit der Episode!

I'm honored to share Episode 2 of the first season of Perform with Dr. Andy Galpin. Dr. Andy Galpin is a tenured full professor at California State University, Fullerton, where he co-directs the Center for Sport Performance and leads the Biochemistry and Molecular Exercise Physiology Laboratory. Andy is both a friend and a colleague, and I'm delighted to have assisted in the creation of this podcast. I'm certain you'll both enjoy and learn from it. Season 1 features 10 episodes, airing every Wednesday for 10 weeks. Dr. Galpin will cover everything from building strength, the importance of strength for long-term health, the science of breathing, the benefits of sleep extension, genetic testing for personalized training, and nutrition for injury recovery. While we have Episode 2 of Perform with Dr. Andy Galpin here, please be sure to subscribe and follow Perform with Dr. Andy Galpin on your preferred platform. Show notes for this episode can be found at performpodcast.com. Timestamps 00:00:00 Introduction from Dr. Andrew Huberman 00:01:06 Skeletal Muscle 00:04:06 Sponsors: Absolute Rest & Momentous 00:07:20 Quantity & Quality; Organ System; Health & Performance 00:12:58 Plasticity, “Look Good, Feel Good, Play Good”; Muscle Types 00:15:46 What is Muscle?, Muscle Fibers, Tendon 00:21:37 Muscle Fiber Number, Hyperplasia, Anabolic Steroids, Age 00:24:03 Myonuclei & Adaptability 00:26:27 Muscle Fiber Types, Variable Muscle Functions 00:32:24 Fiber Type & Lifestyle Factors 00:34:54 Sponsors: David Protein & AG1 00:37:37 Age & Muscle Loss, Slow vs. Fast-Twitch Fibers; Motor Units 00:46:36 Muscle Size vs. Muscle Strength, Quantity vs. Quality 00:50:56 Investigate: Muscle Quantity, Fat-Free Mass Index (FFMI) 00:56:21 FFMI, Elite Athletes, Muscle Mass 01:00:59 Muscle Asymmetry; Too Much Muscle Possible? 01:03:49 Interpret: Muscle Mass, FFMI Calculations & Percentiles 01:09:28 Tool: Intervene - Increase Muscle Mass, 72-Hour Rule 01:15:27 Sponsors: Maui Nui & Renaissance Periodization 01:17:51 Investigate: Muscle Quality & 4 Movement Principles 01:23:34 Muscle Quality & 3 Performance Principles  01:26:42 Interpret: Muscle Speed, Age 01:32:45 Muscle Power, Vertical Jump, Broad Jump 01:36:17 Muscle Strength, Powerlifting Elite, Bench Press, Leg Press, Grip Strength 01:44:05 Increasing Strength, Improve Health & Longevity 01:46:44 Tool: Intervene - Improve Muscle Quality, 4 Training Principles, 3-to-5 Rule 01:53:56 Zero-Cost Support, YouTube, Spotify & Apple Subscribe & Reviews, Sponsors, YouTube Feedback, Social Media 01:56:10 Conclusion from Dr. Andrew Huberman Disclaimer

Work with me: https://docs.google.com/forms/d/15_F8NS9vWIZUGlPXv-jGeFO9vVCyEKUFTmwuJo3RHlA/viewform?edit_requested=true ———————————— 00:00 Introduction 00:55 The history & summarising the argument 04:04 The importance of a long term vision 06:40 Short Kings & Tall Chads unite 07:45 So what is the point? 11:25 Reality check 13:08 The gene pool & FFMI validity misunderstandings 16:05 Concluding thoughts ———————————— Support me on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/fazlifts ———————————— Follow Me On ———————————— FACEBOOK: https://www.facebook.com/Fazlifts INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/fazlifts/ IGTV: https://www.instagram.com/fazlifts/channel/ TWITTER: https://twitter.com/fazlifts ———————————— Subscribe To The Fazlifts Podcast ———————————— YOUTUBE: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCPccsVArKiFcOKF16c-EF6w ITUNES: https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/bodybuilding-and-physique-podcast/id1457465808 SOUNDCLOUD: https://soundcloud.com/fazlifts SPOTIFY: https://open.spotify.com/show/32tKW50TsbEaSgJI9L20lz STITCHER: https://www.stitcher.com/show/bodybuilding-and-physique-podcast ———————————— WEBSITE: fazlifts.co.uk ———————————— #teamfaz #hypertrophy #fullbody #fbr #musclegrowth #diet #fatloss #teamfaz #bulk #muscle #stronglifts #5x5 #531 #wendler #GVT #greyskull5x5 #fazlifts #meta #dps ————————————

View the Show Notes Page for This Episode Become a Member to Receive Exclusive Content Sign Up to Receive Peter's Weekly Newsletter In this “Ask Me Anything” (AMA) episode, Peter discusses the importance of understanding body composition and explains how to interpret the most important metrics revealed by a DEXA scan, such as lean muscle tissue mass, visceral adiposity tissue mass, bone mineral density, and more. He discusses common concerning trends in these metrics as well as strategies to address them. He goes through DEXA scan results of both male and female patient case studies and explains the prescribed intervention for each patient. Additionally, Peter answers numerous questions about dietary protein including how much we need, when we need it, and how intake should be divided throughout the day to optimize muscle protein synthesis. Finally, Peter provides his updated point of view on time-restricted feeding and fasting and how his personal approach and recommendations for patients has evolved. If you're not a subscriber and are listening on a podcast player, you'll only be able to hear a preview of the AMA. If you're a subscriber, you can now listen to this full episode on your private RSS feed or on our website at the AMA #40 show notes page. If you are not a subscriber, you can learn more about the subscriber benefits here. We discuss: Interpreting DEXA scans: important metrics, radiation levels, and more [2:15]; DEXA metrics: Bone mineral density (BMD) [12:00]; DEXA metrics: Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) [14:30]; DEXA metrics on lean tissue: appendicular lean mass index (ALMI) and fat-free mass index (FFMI) [20:45]; Concerning trends in BMD, VAT, & muscle mass revealed through DEXA scans [24:15]; Muscle and lean tissue loss with age and how to overcome anabolic resistance [29:15]; Female patient case studies: DEXA scan results and prescribed interventions [35:00]; Male patient case studies: DEXA scan results and prescribed interventions [42:45]; Protein consumption: recommended daily intake, Peter's personal approach, timing around workouts, and more [48:15]; What to look for with protein supplements [53:15]; Protein intake: optimal timing and how it should be divided throughout the day [55:30]; Time-restricted feeding (TRF): Peter's updated perspective [57:45]; Three strategies for reducing energy intake in over-nourished patients [1:03:15]; Prolonged fasting: potential benefits and tradeoffs [1:07:15]; A protein-supplemented version of time-restricted feeding (TRF) [1:09:30]; Theories about time-restricted feeding (TRF) and its positive influence on sleep and circadian rhythm [1:12:00]; and More. Connect With Peter on Twitter, Instagram, Facebook and YouTube

Today, I'm joined once again by Brandon DaCruz for a deep dive into the topic of the PARTITIONING RATIO (p-ratio)  - many people have heard that your body fat percentage determines the ratio of nutrients partitioned to muscle vs. fat, and that to prevent excess fat gain, our bodies should stay in a specific body fat range.Brandon answers all those questions and more in this episode, where we discuss:What is the p ratio?Common misconceptions about the p-ratio Main factors that influence the p-ratio and nutrient partitioningHow does someone's body fat level impact nutrient partitioning?I've heard the argument that those with the highest levels of FFMI like college football players also have high levels of body fat... so that must mean that their ability to gain muscle isn't impaired by body fat. What're your thoughts on that?Many of the debates around the optimal p ratio involve body fat and how it affects hormones and inflammation.  How does body fat impact hormones and inflammation? How do you approach building phases with your clients and maximize their p-ratio?Practical applications for the listener Get tickets to the Physique Education Collective: https://www.physiqueeducationcollective.com/ Follow Brandon on IG: https://www.instagram.com/brandondacruz_/?hl=enCheck out Brandon's website: https://www.brandondacruzfit.com/Email Brandon: bdacruzfitness@gmail.comApply for online coaching with our team: https://jeremiahbair.typeform.com/to/ubUfJiEu

In today’s episode, Greg and Eric sit down for an interview with Jeff Nippard. Topics of discussion include genetic limits, fat-free mass index, high-frequency training, how Jeff’s training and nutrition approaches have evolved over the years, Jeff’s process for creating high-quality content, and the applications and limitations of EMG research. TIME STAMPSHow does it feel to be fake natty? (discussion on FFMI and genetics and FFMI) (0:01:12). How has your training evolved over the years? (0:13:55). High-frequency training (0:36:12). Jeff's video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_jD2WvvP0Jw. What’s your diet history? (discussion on bulking, post-cut weight gain, etc.) (1:06:50). The content side (discussion about Jeff’s process for creating content) (1:19:12). Applications and limitations of EMG research (1:32:43). 

Pour ce 4ème épisode du Smart and Strong Podcast, je suis rejoins par un habitué : j'ai nommé Yohan. À sa demande nous allons aborder des sujets en lien avec la santé publique et le bien-être ! Sortez un café, prenez note et bon visionnage !

Optimists say that with enough hard work, patience, and the right nutrition, you can get as big and strong as you want. That there really is no hard ceiling on your potential for whole-body strength and muscularity. To support this rosy outlook, these people often point to top-level bodybuilders and elite college athletes who claim to have never used steroids. I’ve written and spoken about this extensively already, but I wanted to get Lyle McDonald’s take on the limits of natural versus enhanced muscle gain, and particularly how they relate to the fat-free mass index (FFMI). In case you’re not familiar with Lyle, he has been one of the foremost evidence-based fitness researchers and writers for a couple decades now and someone whose work I’ve always liked. He pulls no punches, brooks no bullshit, and makes no apologies when he feels he has the evidence on his side. In this interview, Lyle and I chat about the difference between natural and enhanced muscle gain, what FFMI is and whether 25 is a true natural cutoff, common “fake natty” red flags, and more. Let’s dig in! 11:18 - What is FFMI? 19:27 - Why is a normalized FFMI of 25 a likely ceiling for most people? 53:06 - What is your opinion on the studies on limits with college athletes? 01:16:07 - Would you agree that a FFMI over 25 is a red flag for steroid use? Mentioned on The Show: Shop Legion Supplements Here: https://legionathletics.com/shop/ Lyle's Website: https://bodyrecomposition.com/ Want to get my best advice on how to gain muscle and strength and lose fat faster? Sign up for my free newsletter! Click here: https://www.legionathletics.com/signup/

Hablaremos sobre físicos de personajes famosos principalmente de la industria del fitness y los valoraremos según sus medidas antropometricas y según el FFMI.

Last month, I flew out to Wichita Falls, Texas, to hang out with Mr. Starting Strength, Mark Rippetoe, and go on his podcast, Starting Strength Radio. I’ve been a fan of Mark’s work for a long time, I’ve had him on my podcast a number of times, and over the years, we’ve become buddies. Mark even wrote the foreword to the latest editions of my books Bigger Leaner Stronger and Thinner Leaner Stronger, which I think is pretty cool as Starting Strength was the first book to turn me onto proper training techniques. Now, in this interview we go all over the place, ranging from writing to how I lost close to a million dollars in Amazon sales, Google’s aggressive algorithm updates, the women’s soccer pay “scandal,” and more, so if you’re here strictly for practical and educational material, this isn’t for you. But if you’re interested in hearing Mark and I chew the fat for a bit, tell some jokes, share some war stories, and the like, keep listening. 4:09 - Tell us about your new books 14:21 - How’s your business doing? 16:32 - What happened to Pulse on Amazon? 19:44 - Tell us about Google’s updates and how they’ve affected the health and fitness space. 21:49 - What are your thoughts on Planet Fitness? 31:48 - What should people be doing in the gym? 37:47 - What’s a simple way to easily start losing weight? 40:49 - What’s the most pervasive problem in body composition? 44:29 - What’s your take on vegan bodybuilding? 46:00 - Fake natties and FFMI 51:52 - Why are steroids illegal? 54:31 - What do you think of the equal pay soccer scandal? Want to get my best advice on how to gain muscle and strength and lose fat faster? Sign up for my free newsletter! Click here: https://www.legionathletics.com/signup/

Season 3, Episode 17 Dr. Bubbs interviews Dr. Eric Trexler PhD, professional natural bodybuilder, exercise and nutrition researcher and education director at Stronger By Science. In this episode, Eric talks differences in body composition in pro football, how it changes by position and over a season. Eric also highlights a lesser known but valuable metric of fat-free mass index (FFMI) and general targets for specific positions, as well as associations to performance. He then shares his work on omega-3, vitamin-D and body composition in NFL players, the unfortunate reality of post-career health in pro football players and tips to keep ex-athletes healthy as they age.

There are a couple of things that drive me crazy in the fitness industry: The idea that over 15% body-fat you can't bulk anymore... ...people creating echo chambers and mythbusting to people who already believe them...and people referencing the 25 FFMI point as the natural muscular limit, as proven by science. Since I haven't talked about this topic before, I'll do it in this video Time-Stamps: 2:34 - How the internet has interpreted the study 4:20 - How likely it is that someone who's FFMI is over 25 is on gear 5:30 - Genetics and how they influence muscularity 8:25 - Obvious cases of people being on drugs 9:20 - How to think of people you see on the internet and have borderline believable muscularities 9:56 - The influence of muscle bellies, insertions and proportions on how we perceive muscularity 10:41 - Final points on genetic variation in lifters oin the SSD Facebook community: www.facebook.com/groups/sustainableselfdevelopment Our courses and blog: www.sustainableselfdevelopment.com The upcoming autoregulatory eating course: www.sustainableselfdevelopment.com/autoeating Greg's article http://gregnuckols.com/2016/12/11/ffmi/

This past January several of the NBT team members and I met up for sun and camaraderie at the Flō Retreat Center, in Uvita, Costa Rica. Flō is run by strength coach, Ben House, PhD, who’s been on the podcast once before. Previously we talked about his work with clients and the effects of hormones on building strength and lean mass. It’s now a year later and we’re continuing the conversation. On this podcast, Ben is joined by myself, Dr. Tommy Wood, Megan Roberts, and Dr. Lindsay Taylor for a discussion of some of the practical and philosophical aspects of strength training and public health. Ben also shares his strategy for evaluating scientific literature and explains why everyone can benefit by building muscle. Here’s the outline of this interview with Ben House: [00:00:00] Hikecast with Kim House. [00:00:07] Flō Retreat Center, Uvita, Costa Rica. [00:03:03] Addictions. [00:05:27] Indicators of longevity: grip strength, leg strength and muscle mass, VO2 max. [00:08:46] Megan's transformation. [00:09:47] Fat free mass index (FFMI). [00:10:02] Muscle mass and mortality; Study: Abramowitz, Matthew K., et al. "Muscle mass, BMI, and mortality among adults in the United States: A population-based cohort study." PloS one 13.4 (2018): e0194697. [00:13:27] FFMI Calculator. [00:16:16] Working as a personal trainer. [00:17:56] Getting a PhD: Learning how to learn. [00:21:32] Glycogen shunt; Studies: Shulman, Robert G. "Glycogen turnover forms lactate during exercise." Exercise and sport sciences reviews 33.4 (2005): 157-162; and Shulman, R. G., and D. L. Rothman. "The “glycogen shunt” in exercising muscle: a role for glycogen in muscle energetics and fatigue." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 98.2 (2001): 457-461. [00:24:47] Dr. Josh Turknett. Podcast: The Migraine Miracle. [00:25:22] Different types of cells identified in mouse brain; Study: Tasic, Bosiljka, et al. "Shared and distinct transcriptomic cell types across neocortical areas." Nature 563.7729 (2018): 72. [00:27:18] Dr. Richard Feinman blog post: Meta-analysis is to analysis… [00:31:58] Keto not conducive to muscle gain in clinical trials; Studies: Vargas, Salvador, et al. "Efficacy of ketogenic diet on body composition during resistance training in trained men: a randomized controlled trial." Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 15.1 (2018): 31. Additional studies showing loss of lean body mass on keto: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. [00:32:42] Luis Villaseñor, KetoGains. [00:34:27] Solving nuanced health problems. [00:35:49] Precision Nutrition. [00:40:36] Books: The Power of Moments and Switch by Chip Heath and Dan Heath. [00:42:01] Behavior change. [00:43:13] Is obesity solvable on a macro level? [00:50:34] Uncoupling proteins; Podcast: Mitochondria: More Than a Powerhouse, with Dr. Bryan Walsh. [00:52:00] Lindsay Taylor; Podcast: Brain Training for the Primal Keto Endurance Athlete. [01:03:24] Mike T Nelson; Podcast: How to Assess an Athlete: The Best Principles, Methods, and Devices to Use. [01:03:43] Retreats at the Flō Retreat Center. [01:06:52] Bro retreats; hypertrophy camps. [01:08:35] 2019 Functional Medicine Costa Rica Retreat: Speakers include Bryan Walsh, Pat Davidson, Seth Oberst. [01:09:46] Zac Cupples; Course: Human Matrix. [01:10:07] Lucy Hendricks, Ryan L'Ecuyer. [01:13:16] 30 minutes 2x a week to get to a sufficient FFMI. [01:14:26] Mechanisms for increasing muscle mass: muscular tension and metabolic stress. [01:19:35] Zach Moore; Podcast: Overcoming Adversity and Strength Coaching. [01:19:48] Nourish Balance Thrive on Patreon. [01:26:47] Is the Flō Retreat Center replicable? [01:30:15] Ben’s Facebook page; Functional Medicine Costa Rica; broresearch.com; Email: drhouse@broresearch.com.

This episode of the In My Opinion of Course Podcast I talk to James of Shredded Sports Science on the state of fitness, the FFMI index, and many other things fitness related.

Bob Engel, retired CEO of CoBank and chief spokesperson of the Free & Fair Markets Initiative(FFMI) joins us to talk about a specific concern of FFMI, which is a company in the news fairly often recently in both Philadelphia and Pittsburgh – Amazon. More about FFMI here: https://freeandfairmarketsinitiative.org/

In this podcast I give a quick report on the effects of my holiday hedonism, explain why I like to be aggressive with my fat loss instead of "slow cutting," (11:51) and share my thoughts on how the people you associate with affect your success (35:28). ARTICLES RELATED TO THIS PODCAST: Why Rapid Weight Loss Is Superior to “Slow Cutting” (And How to Do It Right): http://www.muscleforlife.com/rapid-weight-loss/ How Much Muscle Can You Build Naturally? http://www.muscleforlife.com/how-much-muscle-can-you-build-naturally/ Fat-free mass index (FFMI): http://www.muscleforlife.com/do-actors-use-steroids-for-movies/ Study on track and field athletes: http://www.muscleforlife.com/rapid-weight-loss/ The Best Way to Gain Muscle Without Getting Fat: http://www.muscleforlife.com/the-best-way-to-gain-muscle-not-fat/ The Definitive Guide to Why Low-Carb Dieting Sucks: http://www.muscleforlife.com/low-carb-diet/ How Much Cardio You Should Do (and How Much Is Too Much): http://www.muscleforlife.com/how-much-cardio/ Why High-Intensity Interval Training is Best For Weight Loss: http://www.muscleforlife.com/high-intensity-interval-training-and-weight-loss/ How Much Protein is Needed to Build Muscle: http://www.muscleforlife.com/how-much-protein-build-muscle/ Which Weight Loss Pills Actually Work? http://www.muscleforlife.com/which-weight-loss-pills-actually-work/ Want to get my best advice on how to gain muscle and strength and lose fat faster? Sign up for my free newsletter! Click here: https://www.muscleforlife.com/signup/

The human health status is co-determined by the interplay of body composition, metabolism, and energy balance. In turn, these factors are influenced by genetic predispositions, a multitude of environmental factors such as nutritional habits or physical activity, and interactive effects between these parameters. Malnutrition and obesity reflect extreme phenotypes of body composition, and lead to disturbances in metabolism. Especially obesity as a prominent health problem in industrialised countries is linked to an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Important regulators of energy balance and metabolism are thyroid hormones and disturbances of their homoeostasis are associated with serious health problems. Metabolomics is an evolving field which has the ability to represent a snapshot of the current metabolic state. Disturbances of pathways can be captured and the utilisation of closely connected metabolites ratios provides proxies for enzymatic reactions. In this doctoral thesis, three projects are presented exploring the interplay of body composition,metabolism, and energy homeostasis by focusing on gene–nutrition interactions and their effect on obesity risk, the relationship between fat free mass and the serum metabolite profile of adults, and the influence of thyroid hormones on the metabolism in euthyroid adult participants. The first project aims at improving the understanding of inter-individual variance and susceptibility towards obesity. Common obesity is the result of a genetic predisposition in combination with nowadays modern environment which encourages a sedentary lifestyle and often leads to an imbalance in energy intake and expenditure, subsequently followed by weight gain. To this end, adjusted logistic regression models are used to analyse the interaction effects between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of different candidate genes for obesity and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) analysed in erythrocyte membranes, which are valid biomarkers for PUFA intake, on the obesity risk in adults participating in a crosssectional population-based study. Several significant SNP–PUFA interactions are identified, indicating regulatory effects of PUFAs by gene variants of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, IL-18,tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF) member 1B and 21, leptin receptor (LEPR), and adiponectin (ADIPOQ). Due to the limited statistical power of this study, these results have to be reproduced in a sufficiently sized prospective study. If replicated, our results would indicate a beneficial effect of high PUFA supply for a substantial proportion of the population with respect to obesity risk. Aspiration of the second project is to provide a comprehensive picture of fat free mass induced effects on the metabolite profile in blood samples of adults. Further, it is hypothesised that a sedentary lifestyle leads to derangements in skeletal muscle metabolism, e.g., favouring the development of obesity. Thus, the associations between the fat free mass index (FFMI) and up to 190 serum metabolite concentrations - with a focus on amino acids, acylcarnitines, phosphatidylcholines (PCs), and sphingomyelins - and all intra-class metabolite ratios are investigated by means of adjusted linear regression models in cross-sectional analyses of a cohort study. These analyses reveal 339 significant associations between FFMI and various metabolites and metabolite ratios. Among the most prominent associations with higher FFMI are increasing concentrations of the branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), ratios of BCAAs to glucogenic amino acids, and carnitine concentrations. These findings are in agreement with the expected metabolic situation in fasted participants. Most of these results are replicated in the follow-up survey of the analysed baseline study. In order to draw a comprehensive picture of the FFMI effects, Gaussian graphical models (GGMs) are computed. These models have previously been shown to reveal the true relationships among metabolites. Further, genetic aspects are investigated. To this end, the relationships between SNPs described to be associated with anthropometric characteristics and the metabolite variables are analysed; however, no significant association is revealed. Sensitivity and stratified analyses are carefully performed. Most interestingly, almost all associations which are found for the entire sample are largely missing in the obese subgroup supporting our hypothesis that the accumulation of body fat tissue may be accompanied by a derangement in skeletal muscle metabolism. The aim of the third project is to identify thyroid hormone related changes on metabolism of fasting euthyroid participants in a cross-sectional analysis of a cohort study. To this end, the associations between free tyroxine (FT4), thyrotropin (TSH), and 151 metabolites as well as their pairwise intra-class metabolite ratios are analysed in adjusted linear regression models. Increased serum FT4 levels are associated with an overall enhanced transport to the mitochondria and beta-oxidation of fatty acids which is reflected by significantly increased serum acylcarnitine concentrations and decreased PC concentrations. Further, these findings are largely stable as they could be reproduced in different subsets of the population, including obese versus non-obese participants. No significant associations are found between the metabolite variables and the TSH concentrations. In summary, this doctoral thesis provides indication of a beneficial effect of high PUFA supply for specific genotype carriers with respect to obesity risk. An extensive image of FFMI effects in a data-driven metabolic network is revealed and high body fat accumulation is linked to a derangement in skeletal muscle metabolism. Further, this thesis broadens our knowledge of FT4 triggered pathways in euthyroid participants. Thus, this thesis contributes deeper insight into the interplay of body composition, metabolism, and energy balance.

To characterise the influence of the fat free mass on the metabolite profile in serum samples from participants of the population-based KORA (Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg) S4 study. Analyses were based on metabolite profile from 965 participants of the S4 and 890 weight-stable subjects of its seven-year follow-up study (KORA F4). 190 different serum metabolites were quantified in a targeted approach including amino acids, acylcarnitines, phosphatidylcholines (PCs), sphingomyelins and hexose. Associations between metabolite concentrations and the fat free mass index (FFMI) were analysed using adjusted linear regression models. To draw conclusions on enzymatic reactions, intra-metabolite class ratios were explored. Pairwise relationships among metabolites were investigated and illustrated by means of Gaussian graphical models (GGMs). We found 339 significant associations between FFMI and various metabolites in KORA S4. Among the most prominent associations (p-values 4.75 × 10(-16)-8.95 × 10(-06)) with higher FFMI were increasing concentrations of the branched chained amino acids (BCAAs), ratios of BCAAs to glucogenic amino acids, and carnitine concentrations. For various PCs, a decrease in chain length or in saturation of the fatty acid moieties could be observed with increasing FFMI, as well as an overall shift from acyl-alkyl PCs to diacyl PCs. These findings were reproduced in KORA F4. The established GGMs supported the regression results and provided a comprehensive picture of the relationships between metabolites. In a sub-analysis, most of the discovered associations did not exist in obese subjects in contrast to non-obese subjects, possibly indicating derangements in skeletal muscle metabolism. A set of serum metabolites strongly associated with FFMI was identified and a network explaining the relationships among metabolites was established. These results offer a novel and more complete picture of the FFMI effects on serum metabolites in a data-driven network.