Huberman Lab

My guest is Dr. Jennifer Groh, PhD, professor of psychology and neuroscience at Duke University. She explains how our brain encodes sights and sounds and integrates them so we can navigate and understand the world around us. She explains what thoughts really are and how what you focus on determines your thoughts, not just in that moment but your future thoughts too. We discuss this in the context of how to improve your level of focus and happiness and how to complete tasks and task-switch more effectively. We also discuss how you can rewire the neural circuits that underlie your default patterns of thinking and attention. Sponsors AGZ by AG1: https://drinkagz.com/huberman Lingo: https://hellolingo.com/huberman Wealthfront*: https://wealthfront.com/huberman Our Place: https://fromourplace.com/huberman Helix Sleep: https://helixsleep.com/huberman LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman Timestamps 0:00 Jennifer Groh 3:41 Sounds & Vision, Sensory Integration; Dynamic Maps 7:42 Context & Mapping; Screens, Projection & Perception, Ventriloquists 13:52 Sound Localization 16:53 Sponsors: Lingo & Wealthfront 19:50 Hearing Loss & Sound Localization, Ear Folds 21:56 Unfamiliarity of Hearing Your Own Voice; Tool: Bone Conduction Headphones 26:16 Tool: Headphone Volume & Protecting Hearing 28:57 3D Sound, Sound Distance, Thunder, Earthquakes 37:24 Sound Integration; Sound Frequency & Distance, Warning Signals 44:36 Sponsors: AGZ by AG1 & Our Place 47:39 Music, Rhythm, Community & Emotion 57:00 Music, Military; Courtship; Evolution of Music & Language 1:02:37 Ears, Visual & Auditory Integration, Sound Localization 1:09:48 Evolution of Visual & Auditory Systems, Music; Brain Controlling Vision 1:15:17 Sponsor: Helix Sleep 1:16:45 Physical Space & Sounds; Cathedrals, Sound Delay 1:22:37 Music, Emotion & Community; Science & Admitting Weakness 1:27:01 Thinking & Sensory Simulations; Forming Thoughts 1:33:18 Attention, Attractor States, Flow States, Tool: Changing Environment 1:37:38 Sounds & Environment for Focus, Attention, Tool: Mental Interval Training 1:44:37 Sponsor: LMNT 1:45:58 Endurance & Interval Mental Work; Mental Rest, Music 1:50:37 Musician, Rehearsal & Performance; Pressure 1:54:16 Chickens; Hypnotizing Chickens, Visual Attention & Focus 2:03:47 Relaxation, Phones & Schools, Boredom, Social Media 2:12:48 Acknowledgements 2:13:58 Zero-Cost Support, YouTube, Spotify & Apple Follow, Reviews & Feedback, Protocols Book, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter *This experience may not be representative of other Wealthfront clients, and there is no guarantee of future performance or success. Experiences will vary. The Cash Account, which is not a deposit account, is offered by Wealthfront Brokerage LLC, member FINRA/SIPC.  Wealthfront Brokerage is not a bank. The base APY is 3.50% on cash deposits as of November 07, 2025, is representative, subject to change, and requires no minimum. If eligible for the overall boosted rate of 4.15% offered in connection with this promo, your boosted rate is also subject to change if the base rate decreases during the 3 month promo period. Funds in the Cash Account are swept to program banks, where it earns the variable APY. New Cash Account deposits are subject to a 2-4 day holding period before becoming available for transfer. Investment advisory services are provided by Wealthfront Advisers LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser. Securities investments: not bank deposits, bank-guaranteed or FDIC-insured, and may lose value. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this Huberman Lab Essentials episode, I explore the neuroscience of fear and trauma and how to effectively process and eliminate traumatic responses. I explain why successful fear treatment requires both extinction of the old fearful response and replacement with a new positive association—not just cognitive reframing. I also explain how the threat reflex activates specific circuits connecting the amygdala, prefrontal cortex, and dopamine systems, and why detailed recounting of traumatic events progressively reduces their physiological impact. Finally, I review evidence-based approaches, including prolonged exposure therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy, discuss how five minutes per day of deliberate stress through cyclic hyperventilation can rewire fear responses, explain the critical role of social connection in activating neural pathways that reduce trauma, and share supplementation options for managing anxiety. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AGZ by AG1: https://drinkagz.com/huberman LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman Function: https://functionhealth.com/huberman Timestamps (0:00) Introducing Fear & Trauma (0:17) What is Fear? (1:03) Autonomic Arousal: "Alertness" vs. "Calmness" (2:05) Fear vs. Stress & Anxiety (9:20) "The Threat Reflex": Neural Circuits for Fear (20:50) Cognitive (Narrative) Therapies for Fear (26:35) PTSD Treatments: Ketamine, MDMA, Oxytocin (33:11) Deliberate Brief Stress Can Erase Fears & Trauma (35:51) Nutrition, Sleep, & Other General Support Erasing Fear & Trauma (38:18) Recap Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

My guest is Dr. David Fajgenbaum, MD, professor of translational medicine and human genetics at the University of Pennsylvania. He explains how, unbeknownst to most doctors, many approved medications can successfully treat or even cure diseases other than the ones they are typically used to treat. He shares his story of escaping death from Castleman's disease by discovering a life-saving treatment using repurposed drugs that were approved for other purposes. Our conversation explores how researchers, physicians, and you—the general public—can explore novel treatments and cures to conditions the medical profession has deemed untreatable, including cancers. We also discuss the crucial role of mindset in battling diseases and the lesser-known use of compounds to promote health and longevity. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AGZ by AG1: https://drinkagz.com/huberman Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/huberman Rorra: https://rorra.com/huberman David: https://davidprotein.com/huberman Function: https://functionhealth.com/huberman Timestamps (0:00) David Fajgenbaum (4:06) Self-Agency in Healthcare; New Uses for Old Medicines (6:44) Other Uses of Aspirin & Viagra; Drug Development & Approved Use (8:53) Lidocaine & Breast Cancer; Pharmaceutical Companies & Incentives (11:36) Sponsors: Eight Sleep & Rorra (14:16) Pharmaceutical Companies, Patents & New Uses; Lithium (18:40) Tools: Finding Reliable Health Sources, Asking Questions & Disease Organizations; DADA2 Treatment (21:53) Medical Community & Connections; Integrated Medical Databases (24:36) Drug Repurposing, Thalidomide, Pembrolizumab (28:45) Medical Research Databases, Mapping Disease Connections (33:51) Every Cure Database & Programs, Bachmann-Bupp Syndrome; Colchicine & Heart Disease (37:57) Sponsors: AGZ by AG1 & David (40:41) David's Medical & Career Journey, Glioblastoma, Castleman Disease (49:10) Autoimmune Disease, Driven Personality, Stress & Immune System (52:52) Castleman Disease, Treatment, Chemotherapy (55:54) Physician Continuing Education, Santa Claus Theory of Civilization; Science Collaboration (1:03:32) Medical School, Relapse & “Overtime”, Finding a New Treatment, Rapamycin (1:12:46) Sport, Football & Resilience; Challenge & Personal Growth, Family (1:18:41) Sponsor: Function (1:20:29) Social Support; “Overtime”, Gratitude (1:23:19) Business School, Castleman Disease Treatment; Repurposing Drugs & AI (1:28:29) Drug Repurposing, POEMS Syndrome; Mitigating Risk (1:35:32) Nicotine, Compounds for Preventive Health; GLP-1 Agonists (1:40:51) Bioprospecting, Drug Development; AI, Prioritization & Novel Connections (1:46:18) Healthcare & Children; Hope, Action & Impact Circuit; Challenge & Super-Agers (1:52:50) Get Involved with Every Cure (1:56:20) Zero-Cost Support, YouTube, Spotify & Apple Follow, Reviews & Feedback, Sponsors, Protocols Book, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this Huberman Lab Essentials episode, my guest is Dr. David Sinclair, PhD, a professor of genetics at Harvard Medical School and a leading expert on the biology of aging. We discuss the cellular and molecular mechanisms of aging—and how specific behaviors, such as fasting, regular exercise and NAD⁺-boosting compounds like NMN, can activate the body's natural longevity pathways. This discussion highlights how lifestyle choices profoundly influence the aging process and may even slow or reverse key aspects of biological aging. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AGZ by AG1: https://drinkagz.com/huberman David: https://davidprotein.com/huberman Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/huberman Timestamps (0:00) David Sinclair (0:20) Longevity, Anti-Aging, Aging as a Disease (2:27) Causes of Aging; Epigenome & Genes (4:53) CD & Scratches Analogy, DNA, Silencing & Expressing Genes (6:44) Physical Appearance & Aging (7:36) Sponsor: David (8:54) Childhood Development & Aging, Horvath Clock, Accelerate Aging (11:30) Rates of Puberty & Aging, Growth Hormone (12:37) Body Size & Longevity; Epigenetics (13:07) Fasting, Calorie Restriction & Longevity, Sirtuins, Insulin & Glucose (16:31) Tool: Skip a Meal (17:07) Longer Fasts & Autophagy, “Deep Cleanse” (18:07) Sponsor: AGZ by AG1 (19:36) Fasting, Fluids, Electrolytes (20:16) Sirtuins, Glucose, mTOR & Fasting; Leucine, Tool: Pulsing Behaviors (24:24) Breaking a Fast, Tools: Do Your Best; Transitions (27:00) Sirtuins, NAD, NMN Supplementation (29:04) Sponsor: Eight Sleep (31:10) Iron & Senescent Cells; Personalize Medicine (32:40) Tool: Blood Markers, CRP (34:50) Tool: Aerobic & Resistance Exercise (35:55) Estrogen, Fasting & Fertility; Aging & Rejuvenation (38:20) Acknowledgements Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Here I explain the lymphatic system, a crucial bodily network for overall health and appearance. I explain how the lymphatic system works to remove cellular waste and fluid from your organs and combat infections. I provide science-based tools that support your lymphatic system for the sake of health and appearance, including: how to reduce fluid retention in your limbs, trunk or face, how to eliminate 'bags' under your eyes and brain fog, and how to improve cardiac health and longevity. Because your lymphatic system lacks a central pump, it needs the mechanical forces generated by specific types of bodily movement, breathing and pressure to circulate your lymph properly, and I explain how you can activate these. I also explain how to support optimal functioning of your glymphatic system, a brain- and spinal cord waste-clearing system active during sleep that is crucial for brain functioning and longevity, including to prevent dementia. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AGZ by AG1: https://drinkagz.com/huberman LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman David: https://davidprotein.com/huberman Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/huberman Function: https://functionhealth.com/huberman Timestamps (00:00:00) Lymphatic System (00:04:11) Circulatory System, Heart; Oxygen, Nutrient & Waste Transfer (00:11:03) Lymphatic System, Fluid, Lymphedema, Chronic Inflammation; Brain Fog (00:14:52) Sponsor: LMNT & David Protein (00:17:28) Lymphatic Vessels, Tool: Enhance Lymphatic Drainage with Movement (00:26:24) Tools: Jumping (Rebounding), Treading Water, Swimming (00:27:41) Tool: Swelling, Lymphatic Drainage & Diaphragmatic Breathing (00:32:05) Swimming & Lymphatic Flow; Tai Chi (00:34:00) Lymphatic Massage, Cancer & Lymphedema; Jade Roller & Gua Sha (00:37:28) Sponsor: AGZ by AG1 (00:38:56) Lymph Flow, Tool: Lymphatic Massage & Manual Lymphatic Drainage (00:45:02) Immune Function of Lymphatic System, Sore Lymph Nodes (00:54:24) Cancer Treatment, Lymph Nodes & Lymphedema (00:57:02) Limb Swelling, Minor Lymphedema & Inflammation, Lymphatic Boots (01:00:09) Sponsors: Eight Sleep (01:01:43) Glymphatic System, Brain & Sleep (01:05:56) Sleep & Brain Waste Recycling; Discovery of the Glymphatic System (01:12:24) Enhance Glymphatic Clearance, Brain Fog, Age, Tool: Side Sleeping Position (01:15:54) Tools: Optimize Sleep, Cardiovascular Exercise, Elevate Feet, Pillow (01:17:29) Puffy Face, Tool: Lymphatic & Facial Massage (01:21:23) Sponsor: Function (01:23:11) Tool: Hydration & Lymphatic Support (01:24:48) Tool: Cardiovascular Exercise & Lymphatic Vessels, Heart, Aging (01:31:06) Tool: Infrared & Red Light, Mitochondria, Lymphedema, Skin Appearance (01:36:08) Key Takeaways (01:37:21) Zero-Cost Support, YouTube, Spotify & Apple Follow, Reviews & Feedback, Sponsors, Protocols Book, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this Huberman Lab Essentials episode, I explore the science of gratitude and how to develop an effective, research-supported gratitude practice. I explain why common gratitude practices (like simply listing things you're grateful for) are far less impactful than engaging in story-based gratitude practices. I also explain how being grateful activates specific brain regions, which enhance calm, social connection and motivation, while reducing anxiety and inflammation. Finally, I share why we can't simply trick our brains into feeling grateful and describe a practical weekly gratitude practice that will improve both your mental and physical well-being. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AGZ by AG1: https://drinkagz.com/huberman Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/huberman Our Place: https://fromourplace.com/huberman Timestamps (0:00) Gratitude (0:30) Gratitude Practice Benefits (3:22) Pro-Social vs Defensive Behaviors, Gratitude (6:25) Sponsor: Eight Sleep (8:07) Serotonin, Brain & Context, Gratitude Mindset (14:02) Context, Can You Lie to Yourself? (14:48) Effective Gratitude Practice, Tools: Receiving Gratitude, Story (21:18) Sponsor: AGZ by AG1 (22:47) Tool: Find & Revisit Inspirational Stories (27:30) Heartfelt Intention, Genuine Thanks (29:42) Sponsor: Our Place (31:03) Gratitude Practice Benefits for Anxiety, Fear & Motivation (33:29) Gratitude Practice Benefits for Immune System (36:02) Recap: Establishing an Effective Gratitude Practice Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

My guest is Steven Pressfield, author of The War of Art and expert in how to overcome the inner force of "resistance"—the self-sabotaging tendency to procrastinate on your life's most important work that keeps you from realizing your professional and creative potential. Steven shares actionable tools for defeating inner resistance that work. His approach is concrete, not based on slogans or inspirational messages. As the author of numerous best-selling books and screenplays, Steven's routines for cultivating discipline and focus, including his physical training regimen (he is incredibly mentally and physically vigorous at 82), are applicable by anyone. He gives you effective practical strategies for how to structure your day, overcome procrastination and self-doubt and do your best, most meaningful work. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AGZ by AG1: https://drinkagz.com/huberman Helix Sleep: https://helixsleep.com/huberman BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/huberman Rorra: https://rorra.com/huberman Function: https://functionhealth.com/huberman David: https://davidprotein.com/huberman Timestamps (00:00:00) Steven Pressfield (00:04:55) Ideas & Resistance, Tree & Shadow Analogy (00:08:45) Military, Pushing Through Resistance, War of Art (00:10:14) Physical Training, Tools: Capturing Ideas, Little Successes (00:16:11) Sponsors: Helix Sleep & BetterHelp (00:18:36) Ideas, Invocation of the Muse, Goddess (00:23:19) Writing, Focus, Inner Critic, Perfectionism, Tool: Think in Multiple Drafts (00:28:21) Writing Session; Workout Analogy & Concentration (00:32:28) Aspiring Writers & Focused Hours; Work Session Timing; Phones (00:35:31) Inner Voice; Storytelling, Advertising (00:39:45) Soul & Growth, Creativity, Your Calling & Voices of Resistance, Suppression (00:48:10) Loved Ones: Projection, Resistance & Sabotage (00:51:04) Sponsors: AGZ by AG1 & Rorra (00:53:52) Angry & Numbing Out, Resistance, Internet; Following Your Calling (00:59:00) Mentors: Lessons on Focus & Quitting (01:06:46) Perfectionism (01:10:42) Contemplating Your Mortality, Family Honor (01:16:49) Proving Yourself & Competition (01:22:01) First Movie, Failure, Analyze Feedback?, Tool: Self-Evaluation (01:28:28) Book Success, One-Hit Wonders; Book Titles (01:34:22) Sponsor: Function (01:36:09) Personal Sacrifice; High Achievers & Unbalanced Life; Social Media (01:44:44) Tool: Turning Pro, Amateur vs Professional Habits, Failure, Feelings (01:49:32) Cost of Turning Pro, Tool: Taking Oneself Seriously & Others' Reactions (01:56:42) Creativity: Practical Advice & Muse; Acts of Faith; Surrender (02:04:00) Sponsor: David (02:05:17) Workspace, Uncomfortable Chair, Physical Labor, Complaining (02:08:13) Forthcoming Book, Book Recommendations (02:13:46) Zero-Cost Support, YouTube, Spotify & Apple Follow, Reviews & Feedback, Sponsors, Protocols Book, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this Huberman Lab Essentials episode, my guest is Dr. David Berson, PhD, a professor of neuroscience at Brown University and an expert on the visual system and circadian biology. We explore how the brain processes visual information, from photons entering the eye to conscious perception in the cortex. We discuss color vision, the discovery of melanopsin and intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells, and how light regulates our circadian clock and melatonin release. We also examine the vestibular system's role in balance and motion detection, the cerebellum's function in motor coordination, and the midbrain's integration of multiple sensory inputs. Finally, we discuss the basal ganglia's role in decision-making and an extraordinary case of neuroplasticity in visual cortex. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com. More Huberman Lab Essentials: https://hubermanlab.com/essentials Thank you to our sponsors AGZ: https://drinkagz.com/huberman Function: https://functionhealth.com/huberman LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman Timestamps (00:00:00) Dr. David Berson (00:00:30) Visual Perception, Photons & Retinal Processing, Ganglion Cells (00:02:12) Color Vision, Wavelengths & Photoreceptors; Cones & Rods (00:05:56) Sponsor: AGZ by AG1 (00:07:24) Melanopsin, Intrinsically Photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cells & Brightness Detection (00:08:31) Circadian Clock & Synchronization, Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN); Master Clock Function (00:11:16) Hypothalamus, Autonomic Nervous System & Hormonal Systems (00:13:01) Tool: Light Exposure & Melatonin Regulation, Pineal Function (00:14:35) Vestibular System, Balance & Motion Detection; Semicircular Canals (00:16:44) Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex, Image Stabilization & Head Rotation (00:18:51) Sponsor: Function (00:20:45) Motion Sickness, Visual-Vestibular Conflict; Tool: Avoiding Nausea (00:22:24) Cerebellum, Motor Coordination & Learning (00:23:17) Cerebellar Function, Precision & Timing of Movement; Cerebellar Ataxia (00:24:54) Flocculus & Visual-Vestibular Integration (00:25:56) Midbrain, Brainstem & Reflexive Behavior; Superior Colliculus (00:28:26) Spatial Orientation & Multisensory Integration; Rattlesnake Heat Detection (00:30:13) Sensory Integration & Corroboration (00:31:13) Sponsor: LMNT (00:32:45) Basal Ganglia, Go vs No-Go Behavior & Decision Making (00:33:56) Tool: Impulse Control & Delayed Gratification, Marshmallow Test (00:34:51) Individual Differences, Genetics & Experience (00:35:37) Visual Cortex, Neural Processing & Brain Plasticity (00:36:26) Cortical Reorganization, Braille Reading & Stroke Recovery (00:39:15) David Berson's Work; Acknowledgements Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

My guest is Konstantina Stankovic, MD, PhD, Professor and Chair of Otolaryngology at Stanford School of Medicine. She explains how hearing works and why hearing loss—affecting over 1.5 billion people—impacts people of all ages. We discuss how hearing loss impairs focus and increases the risk of cognitive decline, as well as the role of menopause and other biological milestones in hearing health. We share science-backed protocols to protect your hearing and highlight risks to avoid. And we discuss tinnitus—its causes and treatment options. AGZ: https://drinkagz.com/huberman Wealthfront*: https://wealthfront.com/huberman Our Place: https://fromourplace.com/huberman David: https://davidprotein.com/huberman Joovv: https://joovv.com/huberman LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman *This experience may not be representative of the experience of other clients of Wealthfront, and there is no guarantee that all clients will have similar experiences. Cash Account is offered by Wealthfront Brokerage LLC, Member FINRA/SIPC. The Annual Percentage Yield (“APY”) on cash deposits as of September 26, 2025, is representative, subject to change, and requires no minimum. Funds in the Cash Account are swept to partner banks where they earn the variable‭ APY. Promo terms and FDIC coverage conditions apply. Same-day withdrawal or instant payment transfers may be limited by destination institutions, daily transaction caps, and by participating entities such as Wells Fargo, the RTP® Network, and FedNow® Service. New Cash Account deposits are subject to a 2-4 day holding period before becoming available for transfer. Investment advisory services are provided by Wealthfront Advisers LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser. Securities investments are not bank deposits, bank-guaranteed or FDIC-insured, and may lose value. 00:00 Konstantina Stankovic 03:27 Hearing Loss, How Hearing Works, Types of Hearing Loss 10:58 Sound Waves, High vs Low Frequency, Communication, Importance of Hearing 15:26 Sponsors: Wealthfront & Our Place 18:40 Sound Projection, Intensity, Speech; Moving Ears; Larger Ears 22:59 Sounds & Emotionality; Tinnitus 26:43 Painful Sounds, Hyperacusis, Phonophobia; Memory, Auditory Hallucinations 32:19 Concerts & Ringing in Ears, Hidden Hearing Loss; Tool: Safe Sound Threshold 39:15 Concerts & Protecting Hearing, Tools: Ear Plugs, Magnesium Threonate 43:44 Magnesium Food Sources & Supplements; Migraines & Tinnitus 47:30 Tinnitus; Hearing Loss, Genetic & Environmental Factors 53:19 Sponsors: AGZ by AG1 & David 56:04 Individualization; Tinnitus Examination & Treatment, Supplementation? 1:04:36 Headphones, Tough vs Tender Ears, Children, Tool: Safe Sound Levels 1:09:41 Compounded Damage, Concerts & Hearing Loss, Tool: Ear Plugs 1:12:59 Transitioning Environments, Hyperacusis; In-Utero Hearing 1:15:56 Dogs & Sea Animals, Sound Pollution 1:19:54 Hearing Loss, Dementia & Cognitive Decline; Tool: Slow Speech & Face Listener 1:26:26 Sponsor: Joovv 1:27:38 Lip Reading; AI-Enhanced Hearing Aids 1:30:12 Sleep, Tool: Earplugs; Hearing Yourself Speak, Superior Semicircular Canal Dehiscence 1:36:54 Hearing & Balance, Vibrations; Sound Therapy 1:42:05 Music, Dance, Hearing & Frequency Map; Cochlear Implants 1:48:20 Sponsor: LMNT 1:49:52 Hearing & Social-Cognitive Development, Mental Health; Cochlear Implants 1:56:07 Men vs Women, Estrogen; Hearing Loss, Environment, NSAIDs 2:01:52 Environmental Toxins, Heavy Metals, Plastics; Tool: Heating Plastic 2:06:39 Tool: Avoid Regular NSAIDs Use; Birds & Hair Cell Regeneration; Cancer 2:12:05 Head & Neck, Lymphatic System & Surgery 2:14:44 Adult Auditory Plasticity, Music & Language 2:17:37 Splitting of Senses, Podcasts, AI & Human Progress 2:22:20 Prevent Hearing Loss & Recap 2:25:09 Zero-Cost Support, YouTube, Spotify & Apple Follow, Reviews & Feedback, Sponsors, Protocols Book, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this Huberman Lab Essentials episode, I explore how biological rhythms and neurochemicals impact our perception of time. I describe how the body aligns with daily and seasonal light cycles to regulate hormones that influence energy, mood and motivation throughout the year. I share science-based tools to enhance focus and productivity, including strategies for structuring work intervals and optimizing the timing of exercise and daily light exposure. I also explain how neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin influence our perception of time and how factors such as novelty, emotion and routine impact how we experience and recall time. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AGZ by AG1: https://drinkagz.com/huberman BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/huberman Timestamps (0:00) Time Perception (0:48) Entrainment, Circannual Rhythms & Melatonin (4:22) Circadian Rhythms, Tools: Exercise; Morning & Evening Light for Circadian Entrainment (9:01) Sponsor: AGZ by AG1 (10:30) Ultradian Cycles, Focus & Work (14:06) Time Perception, Past, Present & Future (16:21) Dopamine, Norepinephrine & Serotonin, Time Perception (18:40) Dopamine & Serotonin, Daily Fluctuations, Tool: Structuring Work, Sleep (20:23) Trauma, “Over-clocking”, Slowing Time & Emotions (24:59) Sponsor: BetterHelp (26:15) Event Perception (Fun vs Boring), Time & Memories (29:23) Novel Experiences, Places & People, Retrospective Time (31:24) Habits, Tool: Schedule Functional Units (32:59) Recap & Book Suggestion Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

My guest is DJ Shipley, a former Tier 1 operator Navy SEAL and now a top public educator on how to build mental and physical health and reach top-level performance in any endeavor. DJ's life is one marked by extraordinary strivings, wins, setbacks and comebacks that together have shaped his approach to overcoming challenges of all kinds and to daily life. DJ explains a regimen of clear, practical steps and a mental stance that can allow anyone—male, female, young or old—to build extreme resilience of mind and body and to be successful in family and work. We also discuss his experience with new, emerging treatments for addiction, PTSD and depression that many people, not just veterans, are benefiting from. The tools DJ describes to “stack small wins” and to be ultra-intentional about your mindset will be of immense benefit to anyone wishing to achieve the best version of themselves. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AGZ by AG1: https://drinkagz.com/huberman Rorra: https://rorra.com/huberman BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/huberman Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/huberman Function: https://functionhealth.com/huberman ROKA: https://roka.com/huberman Timestamps (0:00) DJ Shipley (4:03) Mental & Physical Health, Tools: Morning Routine & Micro-wins (8:35) Balancing Work & Family, Tools: Compartmentalization, "Control the Controllable" (13:46) Sponsors: Rorra & BetterHelp (16:25) Phones, Social Media vs Focus, Negativity, Tool: Consistency & Sleep (23:05) Routine & Stressors, Exercise & Benefits, Tool: Morning Workout (29:24) Body Awareness, Hurt vs Injury (33:53) Physical Injury & Rehab; Exercise; Mobility, Tool: 5-Day Workout Program (44:26) Sponsors: AGZ by AG1 & Eight Sleep (47:29) Skateboarding, Career, Navy SEAL, BUD/S & Embracing Discomfort (56:13) BUD/S, Motivation & Mental Resilience (1:02:18) Navy SEALs, Iraq War & Casualties, Compartmentalization (1:08:41) Public Press; Extortion 17, Operation Red Wings; Death of Friends (1:16:25) High Performers, Social Media Negativity & Legacy (1:19:37) Sponsor: Function (1:21:24) Family Legacy, Military & Purpose, Navy SEAL Culture, Wife & Relationship (1:30:10) Second Deployment, Helplessness & Trauma, Inspiration & Reverence (1:38:30) Skydiving, Injury & Mental Resilience; Medical Retirement & Addiction (1:49:17) Art Therapy, Skateboarding, Electrocution & Recovery (2:00:57) Physical Recovery, Trainer Vernon Griffith (2:04:38) Miracles, Higher Power; Work & Life Tension (2:12:52) Sponsor: ROKA (2:14:39) Physical & Mental Posture, Suicide, Depression, Tool: Control the Controllable (2:21:22) Suicide, Mental Health & Darkest Hour, Ibogaine, 5-MeO-DMT (2:31:18) Ibogaine & Empathy, 5-MeO-DMT & Ego Death; Returning Home, Tool: Dials Not Switches (2:42:42) Psychedelics, Mental Health Plasticity; Veterans' Solutions, Addiction (2:50:39) Medical Ibogaine, Anger, Numbing Out & Hate; Dogs (3:03:42) GBRS Program, High Standards, Functional Fitness, Tool: Fitness Test (3:17:50) Self-Care, Longevity & Fitness, GBRS Program (3:24:45) Self-Respect, Tools: 20-Minute Walk & Relationships; Micro-wins (3:32:57) Acknowledgements, American Flag Hat, Patriotism (3:40:00) Zero-Cost Support, YouTube, Spotify & Apple Follow, Reviews & Feedback, Sponsors, Protocols Book, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this Huberman Lab Essentials episode, my guest is Dr. David Buss, PhD, a professor of psychology at the University of Texas at Austin and a pioneer in the field of evolutionary psychology. We explore the science behind human mate selection in both short- and long-term relationships. We discuss universal traits valued in long-term partners along with key differences between women and men in what they prioritize when selecting a mate. We also discuss the darker aspects of mating behavior, such as deception, the evolutionary function of jealousy and the motivations behind stalking. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AGZ by AG1: https://drinkagz.com/huberman LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman Function: https://functionhealth.com/huberman Timestamps (0:00) David Buss (0:21) Mate Selection, Preferences & Competition (3:26) Desirable Qualities of Men & Women, Universal Traits for Long-Term Mates (4:38) Women's Preferences; Men's Preferences; Age Differences (8:58) Sponsor: LMNT (10:32) Mate Deception & Online Dating, Tool: Travel, Stress & Emotional Stability (13:41) Short- vs Long-Term Mates, Men vs Women Preferences (15:58) Sponsor: AGZ by AG1 (17:27) Jealousy, Mate Value Discrepancy, Vigilance to Violence (20:58) The Dark Triad, Sexual Harassment & Coercion (22:18) Stalking, Motivations & Outcomes (24:57) Sponsor: Function (26:38) Childhood Attachment Styles & Relationship Stability (27:43) Self-Assessment for Mate Value, Self-Esteem (31:20) Evolutionary Psychology & Neuroscience (32:05) David Buss' Books; Acknowledgements Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

My guest is Dr. Poppy Crum, PhD, adjunct professor at Stanford, former Chief Scientist at Dolby Laboratories and expert in neuroplasticity—our brain's ability to change in response to experience. She explains how you can learn faster and ways to leverage your smartphone, AI and even video games to do so. We also discuss “digital twins” and the future of health technology. This episode will change the way you think about and use technology and will teach you zero-cost protocols to vastly improve your learning, health and even your home environment. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AGZ by AG1: https://drinkagz.com/huberman David: https://davidprotein.com/huberman Helix: https://helixsleep.com/huberman Rorra: https://rorra.com/huberman Function: https://functionhealth.com/huberman Timestamps (0:00) Poppy Crum (2:22) Neuroplasticity & Limits; Homunculus (8:06) Technology; Environment & Hearing Thresholds; Absolute Pitch (13:12) Sponsors: David & Helix Sleep (15:33) Texting, Homunculus, Mapping & Brain; Smartphones (23:06) Technology, Data Compression, Communication, Smartphones & Acronyms (30:32) Sensory Data & Bayesian Priors; Video Games & Closed Loop Training (40:51) Improve Swim Stroke, Analytics & Enhancing Performance, Digital Twin (46:17) Sponsors: AGZ by AG1 & Rorra (49:08) Digital Twin; Tool: Learning, AI & Self-Testing (53:00) AI: Increase Efficacy or Replace Task?, AI & Germane Cognitive Load (1:02:07) Bread, Process & Appreciation; AI to Optimize Physical Environments (1:09:43) Awake States & AI; Measure & Modify (1:16:37) Wearables, Sensors & Measure Internal State; Pupil Size (Pupillometry) (1:23:58) Sponsor: Function (1:25:46) Integrative Systems, Body & Environment; Cognitive State & Decision-Making (1:32:11) Gamification, Developing Good Habits (1:38:17) Implications of AI, Diminishing Cognitive Skill (1:41:11) Digital Twins & Examples, Digital Representative; Feedback Loops (1:50:59) Customize AI; Situational Intelligence, Blind Spots, Work & Health, “Hearables” (2:01:08) Career Journey, Perception & Technology; Violin, Absolute Pitch (2:09:44) Incentives & Neuroplasticity; Technology & Performance (2:13:59) Acoustic Arms Race: Moths, Bats & Echolocation (2:21:17) Singing to Spiders, Spider Web & Environment Detection; Crickets; Marmosets (2:31:44) Acknowledgements (2:33:18) Zero-Cost Support, YouTube, Spotify & Apple Follow, Reviews & Feedback, Sponsors, Protocols Book, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

I'm excited to share episode one of a new podcast that I've helped create and produce. This new podcast is called David Senra, and it's hosted by David Senra. For those of you not familiar with David Senra, he is an expert in all things related to greatness. He studies greatness and understands it, mostly in the domain of business but also among creatives, athletes and other world-class performers. This first episode of the podcast is with Daniel Ek, the co-founder and CEO of Spotify. It's an absolutely spectacular conversation that I'm certain you'll enjoy. With episode one of David Senra now available, please be sure to subscribe wherever you're listening so you don't miss future episodes. You can also subscribe to the podcast on the platforms below. Spotify: https://spti.fi/TVrr557 Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/3WaK1S6 YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@davidsenra X: https://x.com/davidsenra Chapters (0:00) Introduction from Dr. Andrew Huberman (1:13) Reflecting on a Life-Changing Conversation (2:30) Optimizing for Impact Over Happiness (5:21) The Journey of Self-Motivation (10:11) The Importance of Trust and Relationships (15:37) The Role of Criticism and Self-Reflection (17:37) The Evolution of an Entrepreneur (23:27) Building a Company True to Yourself (34:56) The Power of Trust in Business (42:25) Intellectual Humility and Learning from Others (42:49) Shadowing Leaders for Growth (45:01) Learning from Mark Zuckerberg (48:15) Balancing Personal Taste and Metrics in Product Decisions (53:35) The Evolution of Leadership at Spotify (59:13) Building a Company That Outlasts the Founder (1:15:25) Managing Energy Over Time (1:25:31) The Never-Ending Game of Life (1:25:54) Lessons from Henry Ford (1:27:08) The Value of Solving Problems (1:31:42) The Importance of Quality (1:37:20) The Power of Focus and Patience (1:54:32) Balancing Work and Life (2:00:25) The Journey of Self-Discovery (2:08:43) Final Reflections and Gratitude Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this Huberman Lab Essentials episode, I explain how the immune system defends against infection and describe the relationship between the immune and nervous systems. I discuss the immune system's three primary layers of defense, emphasizing how each contributes to protection from infection. I share practical tools to enhance immune function and accelerate recovery from sickness, including specific breathing patterns, sleep positioning and targeted supplementation. I also explore the powerful mind-body connection, showing how mindset and nervous system activation can directly influence the body's ability to heal. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman Timestamps (0:00) Immune System & Nervous System (0:33) Immune System 101, Innate & Adaptive Immune Systems (8:03) Mucus & Microbiome, Tools: Nasal Breathing; Avoid Eyes; Ingest Fermented Foods (10:57) Sponsor: AG1 (12:04) Sickness Behavior & Vagus Nerve, Fever, Photophobia, Rest (16:43) Humoral Factors, Inflammatory Cytokines (18:14) Sleep & Enhancing Immune System, Glymphatic System, Tool: Elevate Feet (21:12) Sponsor: LMNT (22:44) Stress & Inflammation, Tool: Early Symptoms & Cyclic Hyperventilation (31:09) Positive Mindset & Immune Function, Dopamine (34:03) Electroacupuncture, Fascia, Catecholamines & Inflammation (36:22) Accelerating Recovery, Medication, Tool: Spirulina & Rhinitis (38:34) Recap & Key Takeaways Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

My guest is Dr. Bret Contreras, PhD, CSCS, a world-renowned expert on muscle and strength building for women and for men. Bret is known as “the glute guy” for his expertise in helping people build their ideal physique, including how to grow and/or strengthen their gluteus muscles. He explains how to resistance train to improve strength, hypertrophy and aesthetics, and to overcome genetically or injury-induced weaker body parts. We cover ideal training frequency, exercise selection, sets and repetitions and periodization. Our discussion is for women and men of any age and experience level seeking to maximize their aesthetics, performance and longevity. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AGZ by AG1: https://drinkagz.com/huberman Rorra: https://rorra.com/huberman Carbon: https://joincarbon.com/huberman LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman Function: https://functionhealth.com/huberman David: https://davidprotein.com/huberman Timestamps (0:00) Bret Contreras (2:43) Resistance Training for Beginners, Tools: Training Frequency; Sets, Progressive Overload, “LULUL” (10:45) Sponsors: Rorra & Carbon (13:57) Frequency & Exercise Flexibility, Tool: Switch Exercise Focus (21:31) Individual Recovery, Women & Adjusting Variables, Tool: 4 Training Patterns (31:37) Maximum Recoverable Volume (MRV), Determine MRV, Tool: Flexing & Loadless Training (40:41) Low-Load Glute Activation; Life-Long Strength Gains, Avoiding Pain & Injury (48:52) Sponsors: AGZ by AG1 & LMNT (51:54) Tool: Brett's “Big Six” Lifts; COVID Pandemic, Competition & Exercise Variety (1:00:18) Difficult Final Reps; Tempo & Hypertrophy; Autonomy & Progressive Overload (1:11:16) Progressive Overload, Quantity & Quality, Injury (1:13:22) Gym vs Real-Life Constraints, Motivation, Tool: Individual Training Frequency (1:23:38) Exercise Enjoyment, Genetics, Long-Term Strength, Injury & NEAT (1:28:37) Tool: Realistic Consistent Schedules & 5-Year Review (1:33:00) Sponsor: Function (1:34:49) Glute Function; Abduction vs Adduction; Glute Vectors, Tool: Rule of Thirds (1:45:26) Upper vs Lower Glute Maximus Exercises, Frequency (1:49:26) Common Mistakes of Hip Thrusts (1:52:06) Exercises to Grow Glutes, Women & Men, Hypertrophy (2:02:14) Hip Thrust, Barbell, Hip Anatomy; Glute-Focused Hyperextension; Glute Medius Exercises (2:08:07) Training Lagging Muscle Groups, Maintaining Strength, Muscle Memory (2:14:23) Neck Training; Focused Training & Maintaining Strength (2:22:06) Sponsor: David (2:23:20) Periodic Training, Strength, Pain, Desire to Train; Tool: Training Layoffs (2:34:24) Tool: Rep Ranges for Lagging Body Part; Growing Calves (2:37:35) Can You Build Muscle After 40?, Perimenopause, Menopause; Pregnancy (2:40:44) Saggy Glutes; Gain Muscle & Lose Fat?, Mini-Bulks & Cuts, Recomp, Hormones (2:47:46) Lifting or Pilates for Strength?; Grow Glutes Without Legs; Hip Dips (2:51:48) Spot Reduction, Abs & Fat Loss; Wide vs Narrow Hips & Training; Grip Strength; Tool: One Set to Failure (2:57:48) Acknowledgements (3:01:32) Zero-Cost Support, YouTube, Spotify & Apple Follow, Reviews & Feedback, Sponsors, Protocols Book, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this Huberman Lab Essentials episode, my guest is Dr. Duncan French, PhD, the vice president of performance at the UFC Performance Institute and a world-class performance specialist. We explain how resistance training and acute stress impact hormones and outline specific weight training protocols to increase testosterone to support strength and hypertrophy. We also discuss how to use cold and heat exposure to enhance recovery and performance. Finally, we explain how to match nutrition to training goals and improve metabolic flexibility. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AGZ by AG1: https://drinkagz.com/huberman Function: https://functionhealth.com/huberman Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/huberman Timestamps (0:00) Duncan French (0:20) Resistance Training & Hormones, Testosterone, Men vs Women (4:32) Increase Testosterone & Resistance Intensity, Tool: 6 x 10 Protocol (7:53) Rest Periods & Metabolic Stimulus (9:26) Sponsor: Function (11:07) Weekly Training Sessions, Varied Intensity & Volume, Recovery (12:34) Short-Term Stress, Testosterone & Performance, Mindset (15:05) Deliberate Cold Exposure, Mindset & Recovery (17:14) Tool: Cold Periodization, Recovery & Goals (22:12) Sponsor: Eight Sleep (23:53) Sport, Skill Training & Quality Movement, Fatigue; Mental Fatigue (26:19) High-Intensity Training & Carbohydrates; Exogenous Ketones; Ketogenic Diet (29:32) Metabolic Efficiency, Carbohydrates & Fat Stores, Tool: Nutrition Periodization (32:45) Sponsor: AGZ by AG1 (34:14) Heat Adaptation, Sauna, Sweating (37:14) Training, Nutrition & Adaptations, Tool: 12 Week Program (39:06) Acknowledgements Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

My guest is Dr. Christof Koch, PhD, a pioneering researcher on the topic of consciousness, an investigator at the Allen Institute for Brain Science and the chief scientist at the Tiny Blue Dot Foundation. We discuss the neuroscience of consciousness—how it arises in our brain, how it shapes our identity and how we can modify and expand it. Dr. Koch explains how we all experience life through a unique “perception box,” which holds our beliefs, our memories and thus our biases about reality. We discuss how human consciousness is changed by meditation, non-sleep deep rest, psychedelics, dreams and virtual reality. We also discuss neuroplasticity (rewiring the brain), flow states and the ever-changing but also persistent aspect of the “collective consciousness” of humanity. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AGZ by AG1: https://drinkagz.com/huberman BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/huberman Our Place: https://fromourplace.com/huberman Helix: https://helixsleep.com/huberman LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman Timestamps (0:00) Christof Koch (2:31) Consciousness; Self, Flow States (8:02) NSDR, Yoga Nidra, Liminal States; State of Being, Intelligence vs Consciousness (13:14) Sponsors: BetterHelp & Our Place (15:53) Self, Derealization, Psychedelics; Selflessness & Flow States (19:53) Transformative Experience, VR, Racism & Self; Perception Box, Bayesian Model (28:29) Oliver Sacks, Empathy & Animals (34:01) Changing Outlook on Life, Tool: Belief & Agency (37:48) Sponsors: AGZ by AG1 & Helix Sleep (40:23) Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) & Higher Power (42:09) Neurobiology of Consciousness; Accidents, Covert Consciousness (51:09) Non-Responsive State; Disability Bias, Will to Live, Resilience (55:34) Will to Live, Akinetic Mutism, Neural Correlates of Consciousness (57:43) Conflicting Perception Boxes, Meta Prior, Religion, AI (1:06:47) AI, Violence, Swapping Perception Boxes, Video (1:12:19) 5-MeO-DMT, Psychedelics, Light, Consciousness & Awe; Loss of Self (1:20:54) Death, Mystical Experience, Ocean Analogy; Physicalism & Observer (1:27:57) Sponsor: LMNT (1:29:29) Meditation, Tool: Spacetime Bridging; Ball-bearing Analogy; Digital Twin (1:36:16) Mental Health Decline, Social Media, Pandemic, Family & Play, Tool: Body-Awareness Exercises (1:41:34) Dog Breeds; Movement, Cognitive Flexibility & Longevity (1:47:17) Cynicism, Ketamine, Tool: Belief Effect; Heroes & Finding Flaws (1:52:46) Cynicism vs Curiosity, Compassion; Deaths of Despair, Mental Health Crisis (1:57:26) Jennifer Aniston, Recognition & Neurons; Grandmother Hypothesis (2:03:20) Book Recommendation; Meaning of Life (2:09:10) Zero-Cost Support, YouTube, Spotify & Apple Follow & Reviews, Sponsors, YouTube Feedback, Protocols Book, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this Huberman Lab Essentials episode, I discuss science-supported nutrients that directly support brain structure, function and long-term cognitive health. I highlight specific nutrients, including omega-3 fatty acids, creatine, phosphatidylserine, anthocyanins, choline and glutamine, and discuss their recommended doses and dietary sources. I also describe how taste perception, gut-brain signaling and learned associations shape what foods we prefer and crave. Finally, I share practical behavioral tools to help rewire your food preferences toward healthier choices. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AGZ by AG1: https://drinkagz.com/huberman David: https://davidprotein.com/huberman LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman Timestamps 00:00:00 Food & Brain Health 00:01:32 Structural Fat & Neurons, Tools: Omega-3s, EPA; Phosphatidylserine 00:05:11 Acetylcholine & Focus, Tool: Dietary Choline 00:06:48 Creatine & Brain Health, Tool: Creatine Supplementation 00:08:26 Sponsor: David 00:09:41 Anthocyanins & Brain Function, Tool: Blueberries & Berries 00:10:52 Glutamine & Brain, Tool: Glutamine & Offset Sugar Cravings 00:12:48 Brain-Boosting Nutrients, Foods & Supplements 00:15:03 Food Preference; Yum, Yuck or Meh; Mouth, Taste & Palatability 00:19:30 Gut, Nutrients & Subconscious Signaling 00:21:56 Learned Food Preferences 00:23:36 Sponsors: AGZ by AG1 & LMNT 00:26:16 Food & Learned Associations, Tool: Unpair Artificial Sweeteners 00:30:18 Belief Effects, Satiety, Tool: Rewiring Food Preferences 00:35:48 Recap & Key Takeaways Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

My guest is Michael Snyder, PhD, professor of genetics at Stanford and an expert in understanding why people respond differently to various foods, supplements, behavioral and prescription interventions. We discuss how to optimize your health and lifespan according to what type of glucose responder you are, which genes you express, your lifestyle and other factors. Dr. Snyder also explains the key ages when you need to be particularly mindful about following certain health practices. We also discuss how people respond in opposite ways to different fiber types. This episode ought to be of interest and use to anyone seeking to understand their unique biological needs and how to go about meeting those needs. Sponsors AGZ by AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman Wealthfront*: https://wealthfront.com/huberman David: https://davidprotein.com/huberman Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/huberman Function: https://functionhealth.com/huberman *This experience may not be representative of the experience of other clients of Wealthfront, and there is no guarantee that all clients will have similar experiences. Cash Account is offered by Wealthfront Brokerage LLC, Member FINRA/SIPC. The Annual Percentage Yield (“APY”) on cash deposits as of December 27,‬ 2024, is representative, subject to change, and requires no minimum. Funds in the Cash Account are swept to partner banks where they earn the variable‭ APY. Promo terms and FDIC coverage conditions apply. Same-day withdrawal or instant payment transfers may be limited by destination institutions, daily transaction caps, and by participating entities such as Wells Fargo, the RTP® Network, and FedNow® Service. New Cash Account deposits are subject to a 2-4 day holding period before becoming available for transfer. Timestamps 00:00 Michael Snyder 03:33 Healthy Glucose Range, Continuous Glucose Monitors CGM, Hemoglobin A1c 09:02 Individual Variability & Food Choice, Glucose Spikes & Sleepiness 12:18 Sponsors: AGZ by AG1 & Wealthfront 15:16 Glucose Spikes, Tools: Post-Meal Brisk Walk; Soleus “Push-Ups”; Exercise Snacks 21:06 Glucose Dysregulation, Diabetes & Sub-Phenotypes, Tool: Larger Morning Meal 28:34 Exercise Timing, Muscle Insulin Resistance 30:49 Diabetes Subtyping, Weight, Glucose Control; Incretins 35:41 GLP-1 Agonists, Diabetes, Tool: Muscle Maintenance & Resistance Training 38:40 Metformin, Berberine, Headaches 41:01 GLP-1 Agonists, Cognition, Longevity, Tool: Habits Support Medication; Cycling 47:41 Subcutaneous vs Visceral Fat, Organ Stress 49:10 Sponsors: David & Eight Sleep 51:58 Meal Timing & Sleep, Tools: Post-Dinner Walk, Routines, Bedtime Consistency 57:16 Microbiome, Immune System & Gut; Diet & Individual Variability 1:02:52 Fiber Types, Cholesterol & Glucose, Polyphenols 1:09:50 Food As Medicine; Fiber, Microbiome & Individual Variability; Probiotics 1:18:48 Sponsor: Function 1:20:35 Profiling Healthy Individuals, Genomes, Wearables 1:26:31 Whole-Body MRIs, Nodules, Healthy Baseline, Early Diagnosis 1:34:07 Sensors, CGM, Sleep, Heart Rate Variability HRV, Tools: Mindset Effects, Increase REM 1:39:30 HRV, Sleep, Exercise, Tool: Long Exhales; Next-Day Excitement & Sleep 1:42:48 Organ Aging, “Ageotypes”; Biological Age vs Chronological Age 1:49:41 Longevity, Health Span, Genetics, Blue Zones 1:52:19 Epigenetics, Viral Infection & Disease 1:58:54 ALS, Heritability; Neuroprotection, Nicotine 2:03:47 Air Quality, Allergies, DEET & Pesticides, Inflammation, Mold; Microplastics 2:15:02 Single-Drop Blood Test & Biomarkers, Wearables, Observational Trials 2:20:33 Acupuncture, Blood Pressure 2:26:40 Immersive Events & Mental Health Benefits 2:34:59 Data, Nutrition & Lifestyle; Siloed Health Care vs Personalized Medicine 2:43:06 Zero-Cost Support, YouTube, Spotify & Apple Follow & Reviews, Sponsors, YouTube Feedback, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this Huberman Lab Essentials episode, my guest is Dr. Alia Crum, PhD, professor of psychology at Stanford University and the director of the Stanford Mind & Body Lab. Dr. Crum explains that our mindsets—for example, what we believe about stress, exercise and the food we eat—shape how we feel, behave and even how our bodies respond. We discuss studies showing simply believing a food is indulgent can shift satiety hormones and that viewing your daily activity as real exercise can improve weight loss and health markers. We also discuss how to reframe stress so it becomes a tool for growth and improved performance. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman Function: https://functionhealth.com/huberman Carbon: https://joincarbon.com/huberman Timestamps (00:00) Alia Crum (00:20) Mindset, Core Beliefs; Examples of Mindset (04:56) Mindset Shapes Body's Response, Placebo Effects, Tool: Mindset for Weight Loss (10:18) Sponsor: Function (11:58) Different Diets & Mindset (13:32) Nocebo Effect (14:26) Exercise Mindsets, Weight Loss & Health Benefits (17:11) Stress, Tool: Stress is Enhancing Mindset, Mental & Physical Benefits (24:24) Mindset, Stress, Motivation & Physiology (26:18) Sponsors: AG1 & Carbon (29:21) Stress, Mindset & Hormones (30:53) Mindsets as Portals to Unconscious, Tool: Stress Mindset Awareness (32:28) Leverage Stress, Tool: Adopt a Stress is Enhancing Mindset (35:31) Mindsets Matter, Athletics (37:19) Resources, Toolkits & Acknowledgements Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

My guest is Alex Honnold, a professional rock climber considered by many to be one of the greatest athletes of all time for his historic free solo (no ropes or man-made holds) ascent of El Capitan in Yosemite. We discuss how to envision massive goals in any part of life and the process of breaking down those goals into actionable daily steps. Alex shares how embracing your uniqueness and mortality is the most powerful way to envision and live a fuller, more intentional life. We also discuss strength and endurance training, assessing risk and how Alex prepares mentally and physically for extreme challenges. We also discuss how to balance goal-seeking with family and work. Regardless of your goals, profession or age, this conversation will very likely reshape how you think about and approach your life, goals and potential. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman Joovv: https://joovv.com/huberman BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/huberman Maui Nui: https://mauinuivenison.com/huberman Function: https://functionhealth.com/huberman Timestamps (00:00) Alex Honnold (02:17) Intrinsic & Extrinsic Motivation, Setting Big Goals (05:00) Preparing for Free Solo of El Capitan, Route Memorization & Conditions (10:09) Sponsors: Joovv & BetterHelp (12:35) Overthinking, Kinesthetic Flow; Climbing & Surprise (16:24) Aging & Climbing; Olympics & Broadening Climbing Culture; Parkour (23:04) Grip Strength, Aging, Climbing Technique, Yosemite National Park, Half Dome (29:00) Free Soloing & Rope Climbing, Safety & Risk; Aging & Death; Mentors (38:32) Sponsors: AG1 & Maui Nui (41:29) Climbing Lifestyle, Training, Career; Recovery (47:44) Technology, Smartphones & Distraction from Goals, Focus (51:09) Pursuing Ambitious Goals, Tool: Small Daily Challenges (55:56) Fear, Brain Scan & Public Speaking; Evaluating Risk (59:40) Doing What You Love, Life Crisis, Tool: Contemplating Death (1:03:49) Childhood, Passion & Choosing Career Path; University (1:11:46) Sponsor: Function (1:13:34) Outdoor Exploration, Yosemite, National Parks, Rucking, Trail Running (1:18:18) Girl Climber Film, Effort & Dedication (1:23:29) Strength Training, Pull-Ups, Muscle-Ups, Tool: Increase Sets & Reduce Soreness (1:31:59) Endurance & Strength Training Schedule; Posture; Running (1:38:52) Body Balance, Leanness; Muscle Cramps; Multi-Day Climbs (1:42:31) Awe in Nature, Spiritual Experiences; How Geckos Climb; Cliff-Dwelling Wildlife (1:46:46) Zero-Cost Support, YouTube, Spotify & Apple Follow & Reviews, Sponsors, YouTube Feedback, Protocols Book, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this Huberman Lab Essentials episode, I explore intermittent fasting and time-restricted eating, highlighting the positive benefits for weight loss, metabolism, organ health, circadian rhythms and cellular repair. I explain a practical framework for designing a time-restricted eating window that aligns with your lifestyle, exercise schedule and social schedule. I also cover what breaks a fast, how to support fasting with tools like salt intake and post-meal walks, and the use of fasting-related supplements, including berberine and metformin. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman Carbon: https://joincarbon.com/huberman LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman Joovv: https://joovv.com/huberman Timestamps (00:00) Intermittent Fasting, Time-Restricted Eating (TRE) (00:50) Diet, Weight Loss, Calories & Hormones (05:50) Body's Response to Eating vs Fasting, Fasting Duration (09:04) Sponsor: Carbon (10:50) Time-Restricted Feeding & Metabolic Benefits, Circadian Gene Rhythm (16:19) Optimal Meal Timing, Tool: Extend Sleep-Related Fasts (21:29) Sponsors: AG1 & LMNT (24:02) Eating Window Length, Tools: Adjusting TRE for Building Muscle, Regularity (26:55) Accelerate Transition to Fasting, Glucose Clearing, Tool: After-Meal Walk (28:36) Metformin, Berberine, Continuous Glucose Monitors; Cell Growth vs Repair, mTOR (31:46) Gut Microbiome; Transitioning to Intermittent Fasting & Individualization (34:03) Tool: 8-Hour Feeding Window & Weight Loss (35:25) Sponsor: Joovv (36:40) What Breaks a Fast?, Sugar; Tool: Using Salt to Support Fasting (39:42) Tool: Ideal Feeding Window Guidelines; Exercise & Social Considerations Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

My guest is Dr. David DeSteno, PhD, a professor of psychology at Northeastern University. We discuss science, God and religion, including what science can and can't reveal about the existence of God and where religious faith and science do and do not align. We also discuss why questions about life's origins, miracles and the afterlife have persisted across time. Dr. DeSteno explains how religious rituals cause meaningful improvements in mental and physical health and how prayer and gratitude can markedly reduce stress, increase honesty and compassion and buffer against loneliness and despair. Finally, we explore what distinguishes religions and mission-based communities from cults, and we discuss the role that communities such as 12-step and Burning Man play in modern life. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman Our Place: https://fromourplace.com/huberman LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/huberman Function: https://functionhealth.com/huberman Timestamps (00:00) David DeSteno (02:10) Science & Belief in God, Does God Exist? (07:06) Universe Origins & Scientific Questions; Religion & Life/Health Benefits (15:16) Sponsors: Our Place & LMNT (18:23) Russell's Teapot, Overbelief, Faith; Religio-prospecting, Traditional Practices (26:49) Mediation & Compassion, Prayer & Stress Relief, Tools: Meditation, Prayer (34:40) Superstition, Prayers & Rituals; Mourning Rituals, Eulogies, Shiva, Connection (43:58) Grieving & Different Religious Traditions (47:15) Sponsors: AG1 & Eight Sleep (50:12) God vs Religion?; Prayer, Community, Religious Rituals & Ideals (56:17) Psychedelics, Ego Death, Right vs Left-Handed Roots (01:01:24) Good & Evil; Lies & Cheating; Gratitude & Prayer (01:11:03) Loneliness, Community & Religion, Relationship with God & 3AM Friend (01:16:25) Sponsor: Function (01:18:12) Feeling God; Intelligent Design, Evolution, Eye; Awe (01:25:21) Overwhelm & Spiritual Experiences, Awe Despite Understanding (01:31:01) Fear of Death, Afterlife, Tool: Contemplating Death (01:37:11) Time Perception, Connectedness, Traditional Practices (01:42:53) Addiction; 12-Step Programs & Surrender to a Higher Power (01:49:02) New Religions, Burning Man, Modern Spiritual Experiences, Cults (01:58:06) Cults vs Religions, Religious Interpretation & Reorientation (02:03:56) AI, Technology, Religion & Intelligence; Religious Branding (02:11:05) Religion Figures & Flaws, Direct Experience of God (02:15:13) Finding a Belief System, Embracing Religious Practices, Tool: Sampling Religions (02:21:40) Zero-Cost Support, YouTube, Spotify & Apple Follow & Reviews, Sponsors, YouTube Feedback, Protocols Book, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this Huberman Lab Essentials episode, my guest is Dr. Samer Hattar, PhD, the Chief of the Section on Light and Circadian Rhythms at the National Institute of Mental Health. We discuss how light powerfully shapes mood, sleep, appetite, learning and overall mental health by aligning—or misaligning—our internal circadian clock. We explain practical protocols to support your circadian rhythm, including morning sunlight exposure, dim evening lighting and regular mealtimes. We also discuss strategies to manage jet lag, limit evening screen use, ease seasonal depression and improve focus by syncing light, sleep and food with natural biological rhythms. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/huberman ROKA: https://roka.com/huberman Timestamps (00:00) Samer Hattar (00:27) Light, Circadian Clock vs Solar Day, Sleep-Wake Cycle (03:20) Eyes, Photoreceptors & Light Entrainment, Blindness, Sleep (06:13) Morning Light, Artificial Lights, Tool: Morning Sunlight Exposure (08:28) Jet Lag Without Traveling, Sleep Issues, Screens, Staying Indoors (09:19) Sponsors: Eight Sleep & ROKA (12:14) Chronotypes, Intrinsic Circadian Rhythms (14:06) Afternoon & Evening Light, Tools: Dimming Lights, Reduce Screen Use (15:57) Light Exposure & Effects on Stress, Mood & Learning, Tripartite Model (19:30) Light & Appetite, Tool: Regular Meal Times (22:39) Using Light to Improve Sleep, Mood & Mental Health (24:20) Sponsor: AG1 (25:42) Jet Lag, Tools: Temperature Minimum; Eat on Local Schedule, Avoid Mismatched Light Exposure (29:15) Sleep Issues, Light-Dark Cycle (30:50) Seasonality, Seasonal Depression; Daylight Savings Time (34:07) Acknowledgements Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

My guest is Dr. Sergiu Pașca, MD, professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Stanford University. We discuss the biology and genetics of autism, why autism diagnoses are increasing and recent progress in using stem cells to understand and treat profound autism and other brain disorders. Dr. Pașca explains “organoids and assembloids”—human stem cell–derived tools he pioneered to study, treat and cure complex brain diseases. We also discuss ethical and safety issues with using gene editing and stem cells in humans. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman David: https://davidprotein.com/huberman Helix: https://helixsleep.com/huberman BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/huberman Function: https://functionhealth.com/huberman Timestamps (00:00) Sergiu Pașca (02:08) Autism Spectrum Disorder, Incidence, Genetics (07:16) Is Autism More Common in Males? (09:35) Sponsors: David & Helix Sleep (11:56) Eye Contact in Babies, Fever; Proposed Causes of Autism; Genes (18:48) Genetic or Idiopathic Autism Diagnoses, Timothy Syndrome (21:37) Rise in Autism Diagnoses (26:46) Cause, Correlation & Neurological Disease; Schizophrenia, Do Vaccines Cause Autism? (31:34) Global Increase in Autism; Gene Therapy, CRISPR, Follistatin (41:05) Sponsors: AG1 & BetterHelp (43:41) Stem Cells, Ethics, Yamanaka Factors, Human Stem Cell Models (52:03) Umbilical Stem Cells; Stem Cell Injections & Dangers, Autistic Kids (59:30) Organoids, Modeling Brain Development, Intrinsic Development Timer (1:12:22) Assembloids, Brain Cell Migration & Circuit Formation, Self-Organization (1:21:22) Four-Part Assembloid, Sensory Assembloid, Pain Conditions (1:25:45) Sponsor: Function (1:27:33) Future Medical Therapies, Cell Banking, Immortalize Tissues, Rejuvenate Cells (1:34:56) Assembloids & Ethics, Importance of Nomenclature, Science Collaboration & Self-Correction (1:45:38) Cell Transplantation & Ethics, Timing (1:55:05) Genetic Testing for Parents, Genetic Penetrance (2:02:36) Assembloids, Timothy Syndrome, Epilepsy, Schizophrenia, Dystonia (2:14:30) Scientific Career, Walking, Art, Medical School (2:20:44) Zero-Cost Support, YouTube, Spotify & Apple Follow & Reviews, Sponsors, YouTube Feedback, Protocols Book, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this Huberman Lab Essentials episode, I explain how dopamine regulates motivation and provide science-based tools to help improve focus, discipline and overall drive. I explore how particular activities affect dopamine levels and discuss how the highs, lows and baseline levels of dopamine shape your motivation and long-term satisfaction. I also explain practical strategies to boost dopamine levels, such as deliberate cold exposure, caffeine, effort-based rewards and specific supplements. Whether you're looking to enhance motivation for school, work or daily life, this episode explains how to get and stay motivated while supporting healthy dopamine levels. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman David: https://davidprotein.com/huberman Function: https://functionhealth.com/huberman Timestamps (00:00) Dopamine & Drive (00:33) Neuromodulators; Dopamine Effects, Parkinson's Disease; Brain Circuits (03:36) Motivation & Dopamine Levels (04:55) Sponsors: AG1 & LMNT (07:29) Subjective Experience & Dopamine, Activities that Increase Dopamine (10:55) Dopamine Highs, Lows & Baseline; Evolutionary Context, Addiction (16:16) Dopamine Reward Prediction Error, Tool: Intermittent Rewards (18:16) Caffeine & Dopamine; Tool: Yerba Mate & Protecting Dopamine Neurons (19:40) Sponsor: David (20:53) Amphetamine, Cocaine & Challenges for Learning (22:22) Tool: Increase Dopamine & Deliberate Cold Exposure (25:06) Hard Work & Motivation, Intrinsic vs Extrinsic Rewards, Tool: Growth Mindset (30:25) Sponsor: Function (32:04) Experiences & Shifting Perception, Dopamine Balance (33:17) Compounds to Increase Dopamine: Wellbutrin, L-Tyrosine, PEA, Alpha-GPC (36:54) Social Connection; Recap & Key Takeaways Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode, my guest is Dr. Michael Kilgard, PhD, a professor of neuroscience at the University of Texas at Dallas and a leading expert on neuroplasticity and learning across the lifespan. We discuss the need for alertness, effortful focus, post-learning reflection and sleep to induce neuroplasticity, and how dopamine, acetylcholine, serotonin and norepinephrine are each involved. He explains the behavioral steps for neuroplasticity, as well as vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) and other therapies for tinnitus, stroke, depression, PTSD and paralysis. This episode ought to be of use to anyone interested in understanding the modern science of brain rewiring and learning to improve cognitive or motor skills or treat sensory or motor disorders. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/huberman Wealthfront*: https://wealthfront.com/huberman Carbon: https://joincarbon.com/huberman Function: https://functionhealth.com/huberman *This experience may not be representative of the experience of other clients of Wealthfront, and there is no guarantee that all clients will have similar experiences. Cash Account is offered by Wealthfront Brokerage LLC, Member FINRA/SIPC. The Annual Percentage Yield (“APY”) on cash deposits as of December 27,‬ 2024, is representative, subject to change, and requires no minimum. Funds in the Cash Account are swept to partner banks where they earn the variable‭ APY. Promo terms and FDIC coverage conditions apply. Same-day withdrawal or instant payment transfers may be limited by destination institutions, daily transaction caps, and by participating entities such as Wells Fargo, the RTP® Network, and FedNow® Service. New Cash Account deposits are subject to a 2-4 day holding period before becoming available for transfer. Timestamps (00:00) Michael Kilgard (03:24) Neuroplasticity (05:13) Child vs Adult Plasticity, Childhood Development & Learning (09:37) Sponsors: Eight Sleep & Wealthfront (12:41) Kids, Real vs Artificial Experiences & Balance, Video Games, Natural World (21:13) Social Media & Videos, Kids, Overstimulation & Development (33:42) Early Language Development, Passive vs Real Experiences, Kids & Adults (39:23) Sponsors: AG1 & Carbon (42:44) Learning & Plasticity Requirements; Focus, Friction, Rest & Reflection (52:24) Brain Connections, Complexity, Life Experiences & Plasticity (1:02:51) Learning, Reflection, Visualization, Testing (1:09:45) Experience Diversity & Time, Happiness, Life Appreciation (1:18:05) Sponsor: Function (1:19:53) Learning & Life Meaning (1:23:25) Neuromodulators, Brain Complexity, Synaptic Eligibility Trace & Learning (1:34:28) Synapses, Therapy for PTSD, Rewiring the Brain (1:39:01) Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS), Stroke, Spinal Cord Injury, Tinnitus, PTSD (1:47:33) Psychedelics, Neurostimulation, Importance of Timing (1:57:47) Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) & Major Depression (2:01:51) Psychedelics/SSRIs as Plasticity Tools, SSRIs & Bone Strength, Failed Clinical Trials (2:13:18) Can VNS Accelerate Learning? (2:16:01) VNS Surgery, Patient Use & Specificity, Closed-Loop Vagus Nerve Stimulation (2:18:18) Tinnitus Cause, Incidence & Self-Amplification; PTSD & Control (2:28:12) VNS for Tinnitus; Disease Complexity & Treatments, Lazy Eye (2:41:05) Complexity of Disease Treatments & Combination Therapies (2:48:50) Brain-Machine Interfaces, Information & Experiences; Closed-Loop Feedback; Resilience (2:59:09) Evolving Clinical Trials, Combination Treatments & Disease Complexity (3:05:21) Acknowledgements (3:07:04) Zero-Cost Support, YouTube, Spotify & Apple Follow & Reviews, Sponsors, YouTube Feedback, Protocols Book, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this Huberman Lab Essentials episode, my guest is Dr. Craig Heller, PhD, a professor of biology at Stanford University and a world expert on the science of temperature regulation. We discuss how the body and brain regulate temperature in different conditions and why conventional cooling methods, such as placing ice packs on the neck, do not effectively reduce core body temperature. Dr. Heller explains why cooling glabrous skin areas—the palms, soles and upper face—efficiently releases body heat and can significantly enhance physical performance and endurance. We discuss how targeted palmar cooling improves both short-term performance and long-term training adaptation in aerobic and anaerobic exercise. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman Carbon: https://joincarbon.com/huberman Function: https://functionhealth.com/huberman Timestamps (00:00) Craig Heller (00:26) Deliberate Cold Exposure, Cold Showers, Ice Baths; Vasoconstriction (02:26) Cold Shower vs Cold Immersion, Boundary Layer, Tool: Improve Aerobic Exercise Performance (04:54) Anaerobic Exercise & Overheating, Muscle Failure, Muscle Fatigue (07:19) Sponsor: Carbon (09:06) Anaerobic Exercise, Cool Down with Ice Water or Cold Towel? (11:28) Should You Cool Body/Head to Lower Body Temperature?, Hyperthermia, Heat Stroke (15:17) Body Sites for Quick Cooling: Palms, Soles & Upper Face, Glabrous Surfaces (17:48) Tool: Loosen Grip & Performance; Gloves & Socks (19:21) Cooling Brain via Upper Face (20:41) Sponsor: AG1 (22:05) Cooling Brain to Offset Concussion? (23:01) Enhance Anaerobic Performance & Cooling Palms, Heat Loss (26:17) Improve Aerobic Endurance & Cooling Palms (27:11) CoolMitt; Ice Cold Is Too Cold (30:11) Sponsor: Function (31:44) Tool: Use Palmer Cooling to Enhance Performance; Cooling Palms, Soles & Face (35:28) Acknowledgments Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode, I explain cortisol and science-based protocols for properly setting your cortisol rhythm, which can significantly increase your daytime energy, focus, mood, and stress resilience, while also improving your sleep quality. Most people mistakenly think cortisol is bad, and many assume their levels are too high, when in fact many health and performance challenges simply stem from a disrupted cortisol rhythm. Getting your cortisol rhythm right can be transformative for your health and performance. I outline behavioral, nutritional, and supplement-based strategies to raise or lower your cortisol levels at the appropriate times of day and night. I also provide specific protocols for overcoming burnout. If you're dealing with stress, low energy, hormone or sleep challenges—or simply want to optimize these for the sake of your physical and mental health and performance—this episode offers science-backed protocols to help. Read the the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman Carbon: https://joincarbon.com/huberman BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/huberman David: https://davidprotein.com/huberman LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman Timestamps (00:00) Cortisol (1:29) Stress, Tool: Daily Cortisol Rhythm (3:16) Cortisol & Directing Energy, Glucose, Adrenals (6:39) Sponsors: Carbon & BetterHelp (10:14) Daily Cortisol Phases & Rhythm, Waking Up & Cortisol (17:55) Cortisol Release & Regulation, Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis (24:57) Rapid & Delayed Stress Response, HPA Axis (28:42) Bright Light & Cortisol Release, Tool: Increase Morning Cortisol & Sunlight (36:58) Sponsors: AG1 & David (39:48) Viewing Bright Light & Mood, Depression, Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) (41:44) Increase Morning Cortisol, Tools: Hydration, Delaying Caffeine Intake (49:30) Exercise, Entrainment Cues & Cortisol Rhythm, Tool: Boost Energy & Exercise Schedule (57:52) Does Deliberate Cold Exposure Increase Cortisol?, Energy & Mood (1:01:19) Sponsor: LMNT (1:02:51) Increase Morning Cortisol & Nutrition, Grapefruit, Black Licorice (1:11:34) Afternoon & Evening Cortisol Rhythms, Sunlight, Screens (1:14:30) Lower Evening Cortisol, Tools: Dim Lights, Light Color (1:20:54) Lower Evening Cortisol, Tools: Caffeine Timing; Stress Response & Exhales; Starchy Carbohydrates (1:30:42) Low-Carb Diets & Cortisol, Metabolic Syndrome (1:35:30) Evening Exercise & Cortisol, Tool: Spike Your Morning Cortisol (1:44:32) Supplements to Reduce Cortisol, Ashwagandha, Apigenin, Magnesium (1:50:57) Burnout, Cushing's & Addison's, 2 Burnout Patterns (1:55:23) Early-Phase Burnout, Tools: NSDR/Yoga Nidra, Boost Morning Cortisol, Caffeine (2:01:35) Late-Phase Burnout, Tools: Reduce Evening Cortisol (2:08:02) Age, Male vs Females, Lifespan, Cancer; Menopause; Brain Health (2:13:41) Zero-Cost Support, YouTube, Spotify & Apple Follow & Reviews, Sponsors, YouTube Feedback, Protocols Book, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this Huberman Lab Essentials episode, I explore the biology and psychology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and discuss both prescription and non-prescription treatment options. I discuss the neural circuits involved in attention and concentration, emphasizing dopamine's role in regulating and coordinating focus. I explain how common prescription stimulants like Ritalin, Adderall, and Modafinil act on the brain to treat ADHD, and discuss non-drug approaches, including supplements and behavioral training to support focus. The episode offers tools and insights beneficial not only for those with ADHD but for anyone seeking to improve attention and focus. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/huberman Joovv: https://joovv.com/huberman Timestamps 00:00:00 Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) 00:01:10 ADHD Challenges, Attention, Impulsivity, Hyperfocus, Time Perception, Working Memory 00:05:22 Sponsor: Eight Sleep 00:07:03 Dopamine & Focus; Default Mode Network & Task Network 00:11:57 ADHD & Low-Dopamine Hypothesis, Stimulants, Sugar 00:16:15 ADHD Prescriptions, Ritalin, Adderall, Stimulants 00:18:05 Sponsor: Joovv 00:19:18 Children, Learning to Focus & ADHD Prescriptions 00:22:26 Attentional Blinks, Tool: Improve Focus, Open-Monitoring, Panoramic Vision 00:26:28 Blinking, Dopamine & Time Perception, Tool: Visual Focus Training 00:30:39 Sponsor: AG1 00:32:16 Ritalin, Adderall, Modafinil, Side Effects, Tapering 00:34:05 Omega-3 Fatty Acids, EPA, DHA & Attention Effects; Phosphatidylserine 00:36:01 Modafinil, Armodafinil 00:36:51 Acetylcholine, Alpha-GPC 00:38:55 L-Tyrosine, Dopamine, Preexisting Conditions & Caution 00:39:51 Smartphones & Focus, Tool: Limiting Smartphone Use 00:41:56 Recap & Key Takeaways Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

My guest is Dr. Nirao Shah, MD, PhD, a professor of psychiatry, behavioral sciences and neurobiology at Stanford University School of Medicine. We discuss how the brains of males and females differ and how those differences arise from different genes and hormones during fetal development, in childhood and adulthood. We discuss what drives male- versus female-specific behaviors and how hormonal fluctuations across the lifespan, including puberty, the menstrual cycle, menopause and aging – affect behavior, cognition and health. Additionally, we discuss how biology relates to gender identity and the impact of hormone therapies on brain circuits that regulate mating, parenting and social bonding. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman Maui Nui: https://mauinuivenison.com/huberman Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/huberman LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman Function: https://functionhealth.com/huberman Timestamps 00:00:00 Nirao Shah 00:02:11 Mice, Humans & Brain, Biological Conservation 00:05:25 Hormones, Nature vs Nurture 00:07:13 Biological Sex Differences, Chromosomes & SRY Gene, Hormones 00:16:01 Sponsors: Maui Nui & Eight Sleep 00:19:09 Androgen Mutations, Feminization & Masculinization 00:22:04 SRY Gene; Animals & Sexual Trans-Differentiation 00:27:49 Hormones & Biological Brain Differentiation 00:31:22 Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia, Androstenedione; Stress & Pregnancy 00:35:56 Genes, Brain Differentiation & Sexual Identity; Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia 00:43:37 Testosterone, Estrogen & Brain Circuits 00:47:27 Sponsors: AG1 & LMNT 00:50:36 Intersex Individuals, Castration 00:52:23 Female Sexual Behavior, Brain, Testosterone & Pheromones 00:57:58 Identify as Heterosexual or Homosexual, Difference in Hormone Levels? 01:00:42 Gender, Sexual Orientation & Hormones; Hormone Replacement Therapy 01:10:21 Aromatization; Steroid Hormones & Gene Expression 01:15:00 Kids & Changing Gender Identity 01:19:05 Sexual Behavior, Refractory Period & Male Brain, Tacr1 Cells 01:21:31 Sponsor: Function 01:23:19 Hypothalamus, Dopamine, Prolactin, Cabergoline, Libido, Dopamine 01:27:05 Brain Circuits, Aggression & Sexual Behavior 01:32:40 Refractory Period; Age, Testosterone & Libido 01:36:07 Tacr1 Cells in Females, Periaqueductal Gray & Innate Behaviors 01:40:00 Parenting Behaviors & Brain Circuits; Pet Dogs 01:43:12 Oxytocin, Pair Bonding, Vasopressin; Biological Redundancy 01:47:22 Libido, Melanocortin, Tacr1 Neurons; GLP-1 Agonists, Clinical Trials; Kisspeptin 01:56:43 Female Brain Changes, Menstrual Cycle, Pregnancy, Menopause; Estrogen; Men & Hormone Fluctuation? 02:04:10 Life Experience Male vs Female, Sex Recognition, Behaviors & Context 02:16:05 Pain Management; Endocrine Disrupters, Gender Identity 02:21:03 Future Projects 02:24:29 Zero-Cost Support, YouTube, Spotify & Apple Follow & Reviews, Sponsors, YouTube Feedback, Protocols Book, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this Huberman Lab Essentials episode, my guest is Dr. Matthew Johnson, PhD, a senior researcher for the Center of Excellence for Psilocybin Research and Treatment at Sheppard Pratt's Institute for Advanced Diagnostics and Therapeutics. We explore the science and therapeutic potential of psychedelic medicine, including psilocybin, MDMA and LSD. We discuss how these substances can profoundly alter perception and self-identity, providing long-lasting relief from depression, addiction and trauma when used in controlled clinical settings. We also discuss microdosing and emerging research on psychedelics' potential to support recovery from neurological injuries. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman David: https://davidprotein.com/huberman BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/huberman Timestamps 00:00:00 Matthew Johnson; Psychedelics 00:01:44 Different Classes of Psychedelics 00:04:33 Psychedelics & Altering Models 00:06:18 Sponsor: David 00:07:33 LSD, Psylocibin & Serotonin 00:09:55 Psychedelic Clinical Trials 00:13:40 Therapy, Trust, Psychedelics 00:16:47 Letting Go & Psychedelic Experience, Self-Representation, Lasting Changes 00:22:31 Sponsors: AG1 & BetterHelp 00:25:26 MDMA, Dopamine & Serotonin; Bad Trips & Transcendental Experience 00:28:49 Dangers of Psychedelics 00:31:11 Microdosing Psychedelics, Antidepressant 00:35:27 Head Injuries, Psychedelics, Depression 00:38:29 Acknowledgements Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

My guest is Dr. Chris McCurdy, PhD, FAAPS, professor of medicinal chemistry at the University of Florida and a world expert on the pharmacology of kratom and other plant-derived medicinal compounds. We discuss kratom's wide-ranging effects, including its use for boosting energy, enhancing mood, managing pain and as a potential opioid substitute, while also explaining its critical safety concerns and addictive potential, especially for kratom-derived/isolate products. We also discuss plant-based compounds more generally for their potential benefits and risks. Dr. McCurdy offers a balanced perspective on kratom and other plant-based and naturally occurring medicinal compounds, highlighting and contrasting their promise for human health with potential serious risks. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman David Protein: https://davidprotein.com/huberman Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/huberman ROKA: https://roka.com/huberman Function: https://functionhealth.com/huberman Timestamps 00:00:00 Chris McCurdy 00:02:51 Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa), Origin, Effects, Low vs High Doses 00:07:19 Sponsors: David Protein & Eight Sleep 00:10:07 Kratom, Traditional Use vs Commercial Kratom Products, Absorption 00:17:00 Kratom Products, Serving Size, Kids; Semi-Synthetics; Tool: Understand Kratom Product Labels 00:23:16 Kratom Products & Various Desired Effects; Physical Dependence 00:32:53 Different Kratom Usage Patterns, Opioid Dependence 00:36:59 Alkaloid Compounds, Nitrogen, Nicotine; Animals & Self-Experimentation 00:47:47 Sponsors: AG1 & ROKA 00:51:05 Medicine Development, Disconnection from Nature, Product Concentrations 00:59:00 Alkaloids & Natural Products, Opium Poppy, Coca Leaf, Tool: Kratom Leaf vs Extracts (Kratom-Derived/Kratom Isolates) 01:09:06 Is It Safe for Kids to Consume Kratom Products? 01:12:19 Kratom, Energy, Mood & Pain Management, Dose; Caffeine 01:16:56 Respiratory Depression & Kratom Products 01:20:16 Sponsor: Function 01:22:04 Kratom Leaf vs Derivatives, FDA Regulations, Usage Guidelines 01:26:59 Kratom, Alcohol Consumption, Respiratory Failure? 01:29:09 Kratom Alkaloids, Mood & Stimulant Effects, Multiple Pathways for Pain Relief 01:38:17 Plant Alkaloids & Chemical Defense, Kratom & Antifungal Alkaloids; Geckos 01:44:35 White, Red & Brown Vein Kratom, Leaf Processing; Terpenes 01:51:08 Kratom as an Anti-Depressant?; Discontinuing Kratom Use, Opioid Use 01:58:03 Kratom, Drug Interactions & Seizure, Opioids 02:01:51 Cacao Beans, Chocolate 02:09:34 Coca-Cola, Coca Plant & Cocaine, History of Soft Drinks 02:19:49 Career Journey, Pharmacy, Chemistry & Education, Lobelia 02:28:44 Nicotine; Natural Products & Career Journey, Salvia divinorum, Kratom 02:40:22 Zero-Cost Support, YouTube, Spotify & Apple Follow & Reviews, Sponsors, YouTube Feedback, Protocols Book, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this Huberman Lab Essentials episode, I discuss both healthy eating and clinically recognized eating disorders, including anorexia, bulimia and binge eating disorder. I explain how brain circuits, hormones such as leptin and reward systems interact to regulate appetite, satiety and overall eating behaviors. I also discuss the serious health risks associated with anorexia, explain how disrupted eating habits contribute to its development and highlight evidence-based treatments for anorexia. Finally, I explore binge eating and bulimia, discussing the underlying causes and the pharmacological treatments commonly used to support recovery. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman Function: https://functionhealth.com/huberman Timestamps 00:00:00 Eating Disorders 00:01:05 Fasting, Intermittent Fasting, Healthy Eating 00:06:10 Self-Diagnosis Caution 00:07:20 Sponsor: LMNT 00:08:52 Eating Disorders, Anorexia Nervosa 00:12:39 Hunger & Satiety; Appetite, Body Fat & Brain 00:17:20 Homeostasis & Reward Systems, Eating Disorders 00:21:12 Sponsor: AG1 00:22:49 Anorexia, Puberty, Hyperacuity & Food 00:25:55 Decision-Making vs Reflexes/Habits, Anorexia 00:29:29 Anorexia & Breaking Habits, Therapies & Family-Based Models 00:32:08 Distorted Self-Image & Anorexia 00:35:03 Sponsor: Function 00:36:43 Bulimia & Binge-Eating Disorder, Impulsivity & Prescription Treatments 00:40:28 Recap & Key Takeaways Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

My guest is Dr. Marc Berman, PhD, a professor of psychology at the University of Chicago whose research explores how different physical environments—particularly nature and patterns found in nature—can positively impact our ability to focus, our cognitive performance and our mental and physical health. We discuss how our physical environment influences our attention, stress levels and brain and heart health. He explains how even brief periods in nature and exposure to natural images and sounds can restore and improve attentional capacity, reduce mental fatigue and help combat rumination and depression. Whether you live in a city, suburb or rural area, this episode offers simple science-backed strategies for incorporating nature and natural elements into your daily life to positively transform your cognitive ability and mental and physical health. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman Helix Sleep: https://helixsleep.com/huberman BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/huberman Our Place: https://fromourplace.com/huberman LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman Timestamps 00:00:00 Marc Berman 00:02:14 Direct vs Involuntary Attention, Mental Fatigue, Attention Restoration Theory 00:06:59 Attention Fatigue, Focus & Vision, Tool: Restoring Attention in Nature 00:11:26 Sponsors: Helix Sleep & BetterHelp 00:13:50 Focused Work, Tool: Pre-Work Nature Breaks to Enhance Focus 00:15:54 Nature Walks & Cognitive Benefits, Comparing Nature vs Urban Environments 00:21:31 Nature, “Softly Fascinating Stimulation”, Fractals 00:27:12 Nature Images & Sounds, Cognitive Benefits 00:30:03 Urban vs Nature Images, Complexity & Image Compression; Semantics 00:40:44 Time Perception & Nature; Art Galleries 00:45:32 Tools: Resetting Attention & Nature Break; Features of a Restorative Nature Environments vs Focused Workspace; Length of Time in Nature 00:52:47 Sponsors: AG1 & Our Place 00:55:59 Nature, Time & Widening Attention; Fractals & Nature 01:02:21 Nature vs Urban Environments & Brain, Social Media & Attention 01:09:44 Depression & Rumination, Mental Well-Being, Attention & Nature 01:14:56 Sleep vs Wakefulness; Protecting Attention, Social Media 01:24:44 Sponsor: LMNT 01:26:19 Impulsivity, Texting & Attention, Meditation vs Nature Restoration 01:33:10 Passive Restorative vs Passive Depleting Activities, “Mental Obesity”, Shrinking Attention Span 01:37:31 Kids, Phones, Tool: Nature Free Play; Social Happy Hour, Tool: Solitary Nature Breaks 01:45:30 Physical Health Benefits of Nature, Trees & Indoor Greenery; Aquariums 01:53:26 Thoughts, Feelings & Physical Spaces, Biophilic Design, Bringing Nature Indoors 02:01:03 Nature Breaks, Incorporating Nature into Schools, Work, Home & Cities; Forest Bathing 02:09:18 Zero-Cost Support, YouTube, Spotify & Apple Follow & Reviews, Sponsors, YouTube Feedback, Protocols Book, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this Huberman Lab Essentials episode my guest is Dr. Robert Sapolsky, PhD, a professor of biology, neurology and neurological sciences at Stanford University.   We discuss different types of stress and how our perception of stress as harmful or beneficial largely depends on context. He also explains how testosterone amplifies pre-existing behaviors and tendencies, and he highlights the crucial role of estrogen in supporting brain and body health. We also discuss daily cognitive practices for stress mitigation and how modern life, influenced by social media and complex social hierarchies, shapes our responses to stress. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman Function: https://functionhealth.com/huberman LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman David: https://davidprotein.com/huberman Timestamps 00:00:00 Robert Sapolsky 00:00:23 Positive & Negative Stress; Excitement, Amygdala 00:02:47 Testosterone & Brain, Aggression, Hierarchy 00:06:27 Sponsors: Function & LMNT 00:09:18 Testosterone, Motivation, Challenge & Confidence 00:13:52 Dopamine, Testosterone & Motivation 00:16:20 Estrogen, Brain & Health, Replacement Therapies 00:18:12 Stress Mitigation 00:22:09 Sponsors: AG1 & David 00:24:59 Cognitive Practices for Stress Mitigation, Individual Variability, Consistency 00:27:18 Stress, Perception & Individual Differences 00:29:39 Context, Stress & Brain 00:32:47 Social Media, Context, Multiple Hierarchies 00:35:57 Acknowledgments Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

My guest is Alan Aragon, a renowned nutrition and fitness expert and researcher known for sharing the strongest evidence-based approaches to fat loss, muscle gain and overall health and fitness. We discuss how to optimize your protein intake, including how much to consume per meal and when, and the facts and myths about the “30-gram rule” and the “anabolic window” following exercise. We also discuss controversial topics such as seed oils, artificial sweeteners, animal vs. plant proteins, training fasted for fat loss and collagen supplementation. Alan Aragon clarifies the most important topics in nutrition and offers valuable time-saving yet extra-effective ways to exercise. He is a true expert in providing data-supported actionable exercise and nutrition protocols for anyone seeking to improve their body composition and health. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman Carbon: https://joincarbon.com/huberman Wealthfront**: https://wealthfront.com/huberman David: https://davidprotein.com/huberman Function: https://functionhealth.com/huberman **This experience may not be representative of the experience of other clients of Wealthfront, and there is no guarantee that all clients will have similar experiences. Cash Account is offered by Wealthfront Brokerage LLC, Member FINRA/SIPC. The Annual Percentage Yield (“APY”) on cash deposits as of December 27,‬ 2024, is representative, subject to change, and requires no minimum. Funds in the Cash Account are swept to partner banks where they earn the variable‭ APY. Promo terms and FDIC coverage conditions apply. Same-day withdrawal or instant payment transfers may be limited by destination institutions, daily transaction caps, and by participating entities such as Wells Fargo, the RTP® Network, and FedNow® Service. New Cash Account deposits are subject to a 2-4 day holding period before becoming available for transfer. Timestamps 00:00:00 Alan Aragon 00:02:17 Dietary Protein & Protein Synthesis Limits?, Tool: Post-Resistance Training & Protein Intake (30-50g) 00:09:16 Training Fasted, Post-Exercise Anabolic Window, Tool: Total Daily Protein 00:15:53 Daily Protein Intake, Timing & Exercise, Muscle Strength/Size 00:23:00 Sponsors: Carbon & Wealthfront 00:26:46 Does Fasted Training Increase Body Fat Loss?, Cardio, Individual Flexibility 00:36:53 Dietary Protein & Body Composition 00:38:58 Animal vs Plant Proteins (Whey, Soy, Pea, Quorn), Muscle Size & Strength 00:51:24 Sponsors: AG1 & David 00:54:14 Body Re-Composition, Gain Muscle While Losing Fat?, Tool: Protein Intake & Exercise 01:02:55 Fiber; Starchy Carbohydrates & Fat Loss, Ketogenic Diet 01:10:36 Inflammation, Fat & Macronutrients, Hyper-Palatability; Fish Oil Supplementation 01:16:52 Added Dietary Sugars, Sugar Cravings, Tool: Protein Intake 01:24:03 Artificial Sweeteners (Aspartame, Sucralose, Saccharine, Stevia), Diet Soda, Weight Loss 01:30:16 Sponsor: Function 01:32:04 Caffeine, Exercise & Fat Loss 01:34:53 Alcohol, Red Wine, Sleep, Lifestyle; Quitting Drinking & Stress Resilience 01:44:43 Seed Oils vs Animal Fats, Canola Oil, Olive Oil, Oil Production, Tool: Improve Diet Quality 01:55:50 Butter & Cardiovascular Risk, Saturated Fat, Mediterranean Keto Diet, Testosterone 02:00:43 Menstrual Cycle, Tool: Diet Breaks; Menopause Transition & Body Composition 02:07:04 Collagen Supplementation, Skin Appearance 02:12:44 Supplements: Multivitamins, Vitamin D3, Fish Oil, Creatine, Vitamin C 02:20:03 Resistance & Cardio Training, Tool: Cluster Sets & Super Sets 02:31:35 Zero-Cost Support, YouTube, Spotify & Apple Follow & Reviews, Sponsors, YouTube Feedback, Protocols Book, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this Huberman Lab Essentials episode, I explore major depression, including its underlying biology and discuss science-based approaches to alleviate symptoms and improve mood. I describe the wide-ranging symptoms of depression and explain how key neurotransmitters, hormones, stress, genetics and inflammation contribute to its development and persistence. I also cover treatment options, from traditional classes of antidepressant medications to emerging therapies such as ketamine and psilocybin. Finally, I highlight lifestyle-based tools, including exercise, supplementation and dietary strategies that can help manage depressive symptoms and promote mental well-being. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/huberman Our Place: https://fromourplace.com/huberman Timestamps 00:00:00 Major Depression 00:01:10 Depression Symptoms 00:06:14 Sponsor: BetterHelp 00:07:33 Pharmaceuticals for Depression, SSRIs; Norepinephrine, Dopamine & Serotonin 00:14:33 Thyroid Hormone, Cortisol, Stress & Depression, Menstrual Cycle, Genetics 00:17:43 Sponsor: AG1 00:19:20 Increase Norepinephrine, Tools: Deliberate Cold Exposure & Exercise 00:21:40 Chronic Inflammation & Depression, Tools: Omega-3s (EPA) & Exercise 00:26:49 Sponsor: Our Place 00:28:41 Tool: Creatine Monohydrate Supplementation & Improving Depression 00:30:20 Novel Depression Therapies, Ketamine, Psilocybin 00:35:29 Ketogenic Diet & Refractory Depression, GABA 00:37:57 Recap & Key Takeaways Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Dr. Harold McGee, PhD, is a renowned author on the topics of food chemistry and culinary science. He explains how cooking methods, types of cookware and temperature can be used to transform food and drink flavors and presents simple but powerful ways to improve nutrient availability. We also discuss how our individual biology, genetic and cultural backgrounds shape our taste preferences. Whether you're a seasoned cook or someone who simply loves to eat, our conversation will change how you think about food and cooking, give you actionable tools to try and deepen your appreciation of the experience of eating and drinking. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/huberman Our Place: https://fromourplace.com/huberman Mateina: https://drinkmateina.com/huberman Function: https://functionhealth.com/huberman Timestamps 00:00:00 Harold McGee 00:02:21 Food Chemistry, Using Copper, Modern vs Traditional Techniques 00:09:59 Sponsors: Eight Sleep & Our Place 00:13:33 Cooking, Food & Heat, Taste & Smell 00:22:10 Umami, Savory Tastes, Braising & Meat 00:29:56 Chemistry of Cooking & Eating, Sugars & Conjugates; Slowly Enjoying Food 00:36:14 Savory Meal & Dessert; Food Course Order; Palate Cleansers 00:43:56 Salt, Baseline & Shifting Taste Preferences 00:47:18 Sponsors: AG1 & Mateina 00:50:07 Whole vs Processed Foods, Taste & Enjoyment 00:53:37 Brewing Coffee, Water Temperature, Grind Size 01:00:33 Tea & Tannins, Growing Tea Plants; Tea & Meals, Polyphenols 01:08:16 Food Combinations, Individual Tolerance; Is there an Optimal Diet? 01:11:34 Onions & Garlic, Histamines, Tool: Reduce Crying when Cutting Onions 01:13:55 Gut Sensitivities & Food, Capsaicin & Spicy Foods 01:17:21 Supertasters & Taste Buds, Bitter Taste, Chefs 01:21:57 Sponsor: Function 01:23:45 Salt & Bitter, Salting Fruit, Beer or Coffee, Warming Beer 01:26:11 Human History of Alcohol & Chocolate 01:29:25 Wine Expense vs Taste, Wine Knowledge 01:35:49 Cheese Making, Aged Cheese & Crystals, Tyrosine; Smoke Flavors, Distilling 01:44:30 Fermentation, “Stink Fish”, Caviar, Traditional & New Foods 01:50:42 Personal Journey, Astronomy, Poetry & Food 01:54:55 Beans & Gas, Tool: Soaking Beans 01:57:23 Gut Microbiome, Fermented Foods; Kids & Food Aversions 02:00:47 Cilantro & Divergent Tastes; Microwave Popcorn, Parmesan Cheese 02:04:46 John Keats Poetry, To Autumn; Acknowledgements 02:10:48 Zero-Cost Support, YouTube, Spotify & Apple Follow & Reviews, Sponsors, YouTube Feedback, Protocols Book, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this Huberman Lab Essentials episode, my guest is Dr. Anna Lembke, MD, Chief of the Stanford Addiction Medicine Dual Diagnosis Clinic at Stanford University School of Medicine. We discuss how dopamine drives reward, motivation and addictive behaviors. Dr. Lembke explains the concept of the pleasure-pain balance of dopamine and how this cycle plays a key role in the development and persistence of addiction. We also discuss some of the challenges of addiction recovery, including withdrawal, relapses and the potential benefits of psychedelic-assisted therapy. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman Wealthfront**: https://wealthfront.com/huberman BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/huberman **This experience may not be representative of the experience of other clients of Wealthfront, and there is no guarantee that all clients will have similar experiences. Cash Account is offered by Wealthfront Brokerage LLC, Member FINRA/SIPC. The Annual Percentage Yield (“APY”) on cash deposits as of December 27,‬ 2024, is representative, subject to change, and requires no minimum. Funds in the Cash Account are swept to partner banks where they earn the variable‭ APY. Promo terms and FDIC coverage conditions apply. Same-day withdrawal or instant payment transfers may be limited by destination institutions, daily transaction caps, and by participating entities such as Wells Fargo, the RTP® Network, and FedNow® Service. New Cash Account deposits are subject to a 2-4 day holding period before becoming available for transfer. Timestamps 00:00:00 Anna Lembke 00:00:15 Dopamine, Reward & Movement 00:01:54 Baseline Dopamine; Genetics, Temperament & Addiction 00:05:24 Addiction, Modern Life & Boredom 00:07:18 Sponsor: AG1 00:08:55 Pleasure-Pain Balance, Dopamine, Addiction 00:14:17 Resetting Dopamine, Substance or Behavior Recovery, Tool: 30-Day Abstinence 00:16:04 Relapse, Addiction, Reflexive Behavior, Empathy 00:20:17 Triggers, Relapse, Dopamine 00:23:15 Sponsor: Wealthfront & BetterHelp 00:26:04 Shame, Truth Telling & Recovery 00:28:26 Addiction, Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy, Psilocybin, MDMA 00:33:29 Social Media & Addiction, Tool: Intentionality Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode I explain how your vagus nerve—an extensive neural pathway linking your brain and body in both directions—powerfully regulates your mood, digestion, alertness and even certain food cravings, and I explain how you can activate certain vagus nerve pathways to improve your heart rate variability (HRV), a key marker of health and longevity. I also explain how to control vagal pathways to enhance your focus and alertness to improve learning and neuroplasticity. And I explain how your vagus nerve controls levels of serotonin in both your gut and brain, impacting your mood and emotional resilience and how to keep that pathway robust. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman Joovv: https://joovv.com/huberman ROKA: https://roka.com/huberman Function: https://functionhealth.com/huberman Timestamps 00:00:00 Vagus Nerve 00:02:43 Sponsors: LMNT & Joovv 00:05:41 Cranial Nerves, Inputs (Afferents) & Outputs (Efferents), Sensory & Motor 00:12:40 Vagus Nerve & Sensory Pathways, Body & Brain 00:18:30 Sensory Information, Chemical & Mechanical Information 00:23:49 Sympathetic & Parasympathetic Nervous Systems, Vagus Nerve, Tool: Calming & Auricular (Ear) Sensation 00:30:19 Sponsors: AG1 & ROKA 00:33:38 Vagus Nerve Motor Outputs 00:36:00 Autoregulation, Improving Heart Rate Variability (HRV) Tools: HR Deceleration 00:49:46 Aging, Declining HRV, Health, Activity, Tool 00:52:31 Tool: Exercise, Increase Alertness for Cognitive & Physical Activity, Motivation 01:04:26 Sponsor: Function 01:06:14 Adult Neuroplasticity & Learning, Acetylcholine, Alpha GPC Nicotine 01:11:48 Tools: High-Intensity Exercise, Increase Alertness, Focus & Learning; Sleep 01:18:14 Serotonin, Gut, Brain & Mood, Depression & SSRIs 01:21:34 Serotonin, Improve Mood & Gut Health, Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), Tools: Low-Sugar Fermented Foods, Tryptophan 01:28:49 Mood, Depression, Gut Health & Vagal Signaling, Probiotics 01:32:12 Calming Down via Vagus Nerve, Tool: Neck Peri-Arterial Vagus Stretch 01:42:00 Tools: Calming Down, Humming, Extended Exhales 01:46:38 Recap 01:48:46 Zero-Cost Support, YouTube, Spotify & Apple Follow & Reviews, Sponsors, YouTube Feedback, Protocols Book, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this Huberman Lab Essentials episode, I explore the sensations of pain and pleasure, explaining how they are sensed in the body and interpreted by the brain as well as methods to control their intensity. I discuss both the hardwired mechanisms and subjective factors that shape an individual's perception of pain and pleasure. I also explain why pain thresholds vary from person to person and discuss various treatments for pain management such as acupuncture and supplements. Finally, I explain the role of key neurochemicals like dopamine and serotonin in mediating our experience of pain and pleasure. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/huberman Timestamps 00:00:00 Pain & Pleasure 00:00:39 Skin, Appetitive vs Aversive Behaviors 00:02:10 Skin, Neurons & Brain 00:04:46 Brain Interpretation, Homunculus, Two-Point Discrimination Test 00:07:43 Pain & Pleasure, Subjective Interpretation 00:09:53 Sponsor: AG1 00:11:30 Tool: Pain & Expectation 00:13:08 Pain Threshold 00:14:46 Heat & Cold, Tool: Moving into Cold or Hot Environments 00:16:37 Subjective Pain, Psychosomatic, Fibromyalgia, Whole Body Pain, Acetyl-L-carnitine 00:20:54 Acupuncture, Electroacupuncture, Pain Management 00:23:44 Sponsors: LMNT & Eight Sleep 00:26:36 Red Heads & Pain Threshold, Endorphins 00:28:32 Improving Pain Threshold, Dopamine 00:30:00 Pleasure, Dopamine, Serotonin; Depression, Anti-depressants 00:34:12 Pleasure & Pain Balance, Dopamine, Addiction 00:36:08 Recap & Key Takeaways Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

My guest is Michael Easter, a professor at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas and best-selling author. We discuss how particular daily life choices undermine our level of joy, our sense of purpose, our physical and our mental health and the daily, weekly, monthly and yearly steps we can all take to vastly increase our level of motivation, gratitude and overall life satisfaction. We discuss how effortful foraging for information, undistracted reflection and physical exercise are ways to ‘invest' and therefore grow our levels of dopamine, energy and motivation, whereas low-friction activities are specifically designed to hijack or diminish them. We also discuss dopamine reward circuitry in the context of how to build and reset one's energy levels and create a deeper sense of purpose in work, creative pursuits and relationships. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman Maui Nui: https://drinkag1.com/huberman Helix Sleep: https://drinkag1.com/huberman Mateina: https://drinkmateina.com/huberman Function: https://functionhealth.com/huberman Timestamps 00:00:00 Michael Easter 00:02:14 Discomforts, Modern vs Ancient Life 00:07:35 Sponsors: Maui Nui & Helix Sleep 00:10:17 Modern Problems, Exercise, Trail vs Treadmill Running, Optic Flow, Hunting 00:20:01 Risk & Rewards, Intellectual vs Experiential Understanding 00:23:39 Modern Luxuries, First-World Problems, Gratitude, Tool: Volunteer 00:34:33 Rites of Passage, Tool: Challenge, Narrative & Purpose; Embracing Discomfort 00:40:43 Sponsors: AG1 & Mateina 00:43:33 Choice, 2% Study, Silence, Tools: Do Slightly Harder Things; Notice Resistance 00:54:05 Cognitive Challenges, Walking, Screens, Tool: Sitting with Boredom 01:01:53 Capturing Ideas, Attractor States, Tool: Being in Nature 01:06:50 2% Rule, Rites of Passage, Tool: Misogi Challenge 01:14:12 Phones, Sharing with Others, Social Media, Tool: Reflection vs Screen Time 01:23:23 Dopamine, Spending vs Investing, Guilt 01:29:48 Sponsor: Function 01:31:35 Relaxation, Shared Identities & Community, Music, Tool: In-Person Meeting 01:38:58 Loss of Gathering Places, Internet & Distorted Views, Hitchhiking 01:45:06 Misogi & Entry Points; Daily Schedule, Caffeine Intake 01:54:37 Optimal Circadian Schedule, Work Bouts, Exercise 01:59:12 Outdoor Adventures, Backpacking & Nutrition 02:04:57 Camping & Sleeping, Nature, Three-Day Effect 02:10:10 Sea Squirts; Misogi Adventures & Cognitive Vigor, Writing, Happiness 02:17:55 Effort & Rewards, Addiction, Dopamine, Catecholamines 02:22:36 Humans, Running & Carrying Weight, Fat Loss, Tool: How to Start Rucking 02:32:32 Physical/Cognitive Pursuits & Resistance; Creative “Magic” & Foraging 02:39:27 Motivation; Slot Machines, Loss Disguised as a Win, Speed 02:46:06 Gambling, Dopamine, Addiction 02:50:29 Tool: Avoid Frictionless Foraging; Sports Betting, Speed; Junk Food, Three V's 02:56:22 Conveniences, Technology; Upcoming Book, Satisfaction 03:02:57 Substack Links, Zero-Cost Support, YouTube, Spotify & Apple Follow & Reviews, Sponsors, YouTube Feedback, Protocols Book, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this Huberman Lab Essentials episode my guest is Dr. Matt Walker, PhD, Professor of Neuroscience and Psychology at the University of California, Berkeley and host of The Matt Walker Podcast, which focuses on the science and impact of sleep. We explore the importance of sleep and how its nightly structure, including REM and non-REM stages, helps rejuvenate the mind and body. We also discuss how caffeine, alcohol, cannabis and melatonin supplements affect your ability to fall asleep and overall sleep quality. Additionally, Matt highlights the benefits of naps and shares a variety of unconventional tips to promote healthier, more restorative sleep. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/huberman ROKA: https://roka.com/huberman Timestamps 00:00:00 Matt Walker, Sleep 00:00:25 Rapid Eye Movement (REM) & Non-REM Sleep, Paralysis 00:02:05 Sleep Cycles, Nighttime Sleep Structure, Hormones 00:07:08 Sponsor: Eight Sleep 00:08:54 Nighttime Waking Up, Fragmented Sleep 00:11:05 Sunlight Exposure & Sleep 00:12:28 Caffeine & Sleep Effects, Tool: Timing Caffeine 00:15:27 Alcohol & Sleep Effects 00:18:08 Cannabis; THC, Alcohol, REM Sleep & Dreams 00:20:24 Sponsor: ROKA 00:22:12 Melatonin, Supplementation?, Dose 00:28:18 Prescription Sleep Aids, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) & Sleep 00:30:36 Naps, Benefits, Insomnia, Tool: Nap Length 00:34:07 Sponsor: AG1 00:35:44 Sleep Tips, Tools: “Do Nothing”; Winddown Routine; Worry Journal; Clocks 00:39:56 Acknowledgments Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

My guest is Dr. Jay Bhattacharya, MD, PhD, Director of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and Professor Emeritus of Health Policy at Stanford University. We discuss which scientific questions ought to be the priority for NIH, how to incentivize bold, innovative science especially from younger labs, how to solve the replication crisis and restore trust and transparency in science and public health, including acknowledging prior failures by the NIH. We discuss the COVID-19 pandemic and the data and sociological factors that motivated lockdowns, masking and vaccine mandates. Dr. Bhattacharya shares his views on how to resolve the vaccine–autism debate and how best to find the causes and cures for autism and chronic diseases. The topics we cover impact everyone: male, female, young and old and, given that NIH is the premier research and public health organization in the world, extend to Americans and non-Americans alike. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman David: https://davidprotein.com/huberman Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/huberman Levels: ⁠https://levels.link/huberman⁠ LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman Timestamps 00:00:00 Jay Bhattacharya 00:06:56 National Institutes of Health (NIH), Mission 00:09:12 Funding, Basic vs. Applied Research 00:18:22 Sponsors: David & Eight Sleep 00:21:20 Indirect Costs (IDC), Policies & Distribution 00:30:43 Taxpayer Funding, Journal Access, Public Transparency 00:38:14 Taxpayer Funding, Patents; Drug Costs in the USA vs Other Countries 00:48:50 Reducing Medication Prices; R&D, Improving Health 01:00:01 Sponsors: AG1 & Levels 01:02:55 Lowering IDC?, Endowments, Monetary Distribution, Scientific Groupthink 01:12:29 Grant Review Process, Innovation 01:21:43 R01s, Tenure, Early Career Scientists & Novel Ideas 01:31:46 Sociology of Grant Evaluation, Careerism in Science, Failures 01:39:08 “Sick Care” System, Health Needs 01:44:01 Sponsor: LMNT 01:45:33 Incentives in Science, H-Index, Replication Crisis 01:58:54 Scientists, Data Fraud, Changing Careers 02:03:59 NIH & Changing Incentive Structure, Replication, Pro-Social Behavior 02:15:26 Scientific Discovery, Careers & Changing Times, Journals & Publications 02:19:56 NIH Grants & Appeals, Under-represented Populations, DEI 02:28:58 Inductive vs Deductive Science; DEI & Grants; Young Scientists & NIH Funding 02:39:38 Grant Funding, Identity & Race; Shift in NIH Priorities 02:51:23 Public Trust & Science, COVID Pandemic, Lockdowns, Masks 03:04:41 Pandemic Mandates & Economic Inequality; Fear; Public Health & Free Speech 03:13:39 Masks, Harms, Public Health Messaging, Uniformity, Groupthink, Vaccines 03:22:48 Academic Ostracism, Public Health Messaging & Opposition 03:30:26 Culture of American Science, Discourse & Disagreement 03:36:03 Vaccines, COVID Vaccines, Benefits & Harms 03:47:05 Vaccine Mandates, Money, Public Health Messaging, Civil Liberties 03:54:52 COVID Vaccines, Long-Term Effects; Long COVID, Vaccine Injury, Flu Shots 04:06:47 Do Vaccines Cause Autism?; What Explains Rise in Autism 04:18:33 Autism & NIH; MAHA & Restructuring NIH? 04:25:47 Zero-Cost Support, YouTube, Spotify & Apple Follow & Reviews, Sponsors, YouTube Feedback, Protocols Book, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this Huberman Lab Essentials episode, I discuss interoception, the brain's ability to sense and interpret signals from the body, which shapes our sense of self and underlies vital functions like focus, sleep, healing and emotions. I explain how the body communicates different types of information to the brain, influencing processes like digestion, heart rate and immune function. I also describe practical tools such as breathwork to regulate alertness, strategies to support gut health and reduce sugar cravings, and awareness practices to enhance interoception. By understanding and applying these tools, you can strengthen the brain-body connection to improve mood, overall health and performance. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com. Huberman Lab Essentials are short episodes focused on essential science and protocol takeaways from past full-length Huberman Lab episodes. Watch or listen to the full-length episode at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/huberman LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman Timestamps 00:00:00 Sense of Self, Interoception 00:01:25 Brain & Body Communication, Vagus Nerve, Mechanical & Chemical Information 00:04:43 Lungs & Diaphragm, Tool: Breathwork for Alert or Calm 00:09:47 Sponsors: AG1 & Eight Sleep 00:13:14 Brain & Gut Communication, Tool: Reduce Sugar Cravings 00:18:27 Brain, Gut Chemistry, Inflammation & Gut Microbiome, Tool: Fermented Foods 00:22:20 Sponsor: LMNT 00:23:52 Vomiting, Brain; Tool: Reduce Nausea 00:28:52 Fever, Brain Chemistry, Tool: Cooling Body 00:33:20 Vagus Nerve, Emotions, Mood, Tool: Heart Awareness 00:39:29 Recap & Key Takeaways Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

My guest is Dr. Mary-Frances O'Connor, PhD, Professor of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry at the University of Arizona and a world expert on the science of grief and loss. We discuss what happens in the brain and body when we grieve, the role of dopamine and yearning in the grieving process, the health risks of getting stuck at particular stages of grief and how to move through loss while also deeply honoring the person, animal or thing that is no longer with us. Dr. O'Connor explains that grief involves cycling back and forth between protest and despair (often guilt and anger too) and explains science-supported ways to move through that process in the healthiest possible way. Everyone experiences grief and loss at some point. Dr. O'Connor provides valuable knowledge and tools to help you navigate grief under any circumstance. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman Wealthfront**: https://wealthfront.com/huberman BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/huberman Helix Sleep: https://helixsleep.com/huberman Function: https://functionhealth.com/huberman **This experience may not be representative of the experience of other clients of Wealthfront, and there is no guarantee that all clients will have similar experiences. Cash Account is offered by Wealthfront Brokerage LLC, Member FINRA/SIPC. The Annual Percentage Yield (“APY”) on cash deposits as of December 27,‬ 2024, is representative, subject to change, and requires no minimum. Funds in the Cash Account are swept to partner banks where they earn the variable‭ APY. Promo terms and FDIC coverage conditions apply. Same-day withdrawal or instant payment transfers may be limited by destination institutions, daily transaction caps, and by participating entities such as Wells Fargo, the RTP® Network, and FedNow® Service. New Cash Account deposits are subject to a 2-4 day holding period before becoming available for transfer. Timestamps 00:00:00 Mary-Frances O'Connor 00:02:22 Grief vs Grieving; Love & Bonding, Gone Yet Everlasting 00:07:42 Sponsors: Wealthfront & BetterHelp 00:10:29 Sudden vs Slow Death, Attachment, Reframing Relationship 00:14:52 Religion, Integrating the New Relationship 00:20:46 Yearning, Dopamine, Brain, Addiction 00:27:58 Culture & Grief Literacy; Protest, Despair & Hope, New Relationships 00:40:09 Sponsors: AG1 & Helix Sleep 00:43:21 Protest, Despair & Transmutation; Changing Attachment Hierarchy 00:52:04 Bereavement Support, Medical Risk 01:05:27 Culture, Alcohol & Death; Dying of a Broken Heart, Medical Risk 01:13:40 Sponsor: Function 01:15:28 Navigating Grief, Emotions & Body, Tool: Progressive Muscle Relaxation 01:23:57 Grief Stages; Permission & Coping, Judgment & Guilt; Lessons from Grief 01:35:44 Grieving Suicide, Rumination, Tool: Shifting Environment 01:47:24 Belief Systems, Religion & Grief 01:54:17 Afterlife, Contemplating Death 01:58:35 Tools: Contemplating Death; Life Celebration, Terror Management, Empathy 02:07:46 Mental Oscillation, Dual Model of Bereavement 02:14:00 Avoidance; Remembering a Loved One, Resilience; Getting Worse & Seeking Professional Help 02:22:15 Time Perception & End of Life, Motivation & Energy 02:30:01 Zero-Cost Support, YouTube, Spotify & Apple Follow & Reviews, Sponsors, YouTube Feedback, Protocols Book, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this Huberman Lab Essentials episode my guest is Lex Fridman, PhD, a research scientist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), an expert in robotics and host of the Lex Fridman Podcast. We discuss the development of artificial intelligence through machine learning, deep learning and self-supervised techniques. We also examine the growing significance of interactions between humans and robots, including their potential for companionship and emotional connection. This episode explores how AI is shifting from a technical tool into something that could reshape human relationships, emotions and society. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman Maui Nui: https://mauinui.com/huberman Function: https://functionhealth.com/huberman David: https://davidprotein.com/huberman Timestamps 00:00:00 Lex Fridman; Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning, Deep Learning 00:02:23 Supervised vs Self-Supervised Learning, Self-Play Mechanism 00:09:06 Tesla Autopilot, Autonomous Driving, Robot & Human Interaction 00:14:26 Sponsors: AG1 & Maui Nui 00:17:47 Human & Robot Relationship, Loneliness, Time 00:22:38 Authenticity, Robot Companion, Emotions 00:27:55 Robot & Human Relationship, Manipulation, Rights 00:32:12 Sponsors: Function & David 00:35:14 Dogs, Homer, Companion, Cancer, Death 00:40:04 Dogs, Costello, Decline, Joy, Loss 00:47:31 Closing Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

My guest is Dr. Melissa Ilardo, Ph.D., professor of biomedical informatics at the University of Utah. We discuss the interplay between genes and behaviors, including how certain behaviors can improve resilience by changing gene and organ function, as well as natural selection events happening in humans today. We also discuss the immune system–related reasons people find the smells of potential mates attractive—or not. We explore how physical and psychological traits are passed from one generation to the next, and the specific behaviors that can influence gene expression to improve health and performance. Melissa explains her lab's pioneering research on breath-hold training and how activation of the dive reflex through breath holding can significantly improve oxygen availability by changing spleen size and function. We also delve into the medical uses and ethics of gene editing to cure disease in both babies and adults. For those interested in genes and inheritance, human performance, immune system function, and natural selection, this episode illustrates the remarkable interplay between human nature and nurture. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman Joovv: https://joovv.com/huberman Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/huberman LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman Function: https://functionhealth.com/huberman Timestamps 00:00:00 Melissa Ilardo 00:02:35 Nature vs Nurture, Gene Expression, Eye Color 00:07:06 Sponsors: Joovv & Eight Sleep 00:10:24 Epigenetics, Trauma, Mutations; Hybrid Vigor, Mate Attraction 00:15:47 Globalization; Homo Sapiens, Mating & Evolution; Mutations 00:25:28 Sea Nomads, Bajau & Moken Groups; Free Diving, Dangers & Gasp Reflex 00:32:52 Cultural Traditions, Free Diving & Families; Fishing 00:35:36 Mammalian Dive Reflex, Oxygen, Spleen, Cold Water & Face; Exercise 00:42:43 Sponsors: AG1 & LMNT 00:46:00 Free Diving, Spleen, Thyroid Hormone, Performance Enhancement 00:52:00 Dive Reflex, Immune System; Swimming & Health; Coastal Regions & Genetics 00:55:17 Female Free Divers, Haenyeo, Cold Water, Age, Protein 01:03:20 Human Evolution & Diet, Lactase, Fat 01:05:07 Korean Female Free Divers & Adaptations, Cardiovascular, Pregnancy 01:10:13 Miscarriages & Genetic Selection; Bajau, External Appearance, Mate Selection 01:17:15 Sponsor: Function 01:19:03 Free Diving, Underwater Vision; Super-Performers & Genetics 01:25:01 Cognitive Performance, Autism, Creativity; Genetic Determinism & Mindset 01:36:30 Genetics & Ethics, CRISPR, Embryo Genetic Screening 01:44:36 Admixture, Genetics; Are Humans a Single Species? 01:49:39 Zero-Cost Support, YouTube, Spotify & Apple Follow & Reviews, Sponsors, YouTube Feedback, Protocols Book, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this Huberman Lab Essentials episode, I provide a science-based daily protocol designed to enhance performance, mood and overall health by strategically timing simple yet powerful tools and behaviors. I explain how to increase energy and alertness in the morning, optimize your workspace and work sessions for maximum focus, and structure your day for sustained productivity. I also discuss the roles of fasting, meal and caffeine timing, and key nutrients, as well as how to leverage exercise to sharpen alertness and cognitive performance. Additionally, I describe evening practices and supplements that help you fall asleep quickly and promote quality sleep. Read the episode show notes at hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/huberman LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman Timestamps 00:00:00 Office Hours, Example Daily Protocol 00:01:48 Morning, Tools: Temperature Minimum, Walk, Sunlight & Cortisol 00:05:30 Hydration, Electrolytes, Tool: Delay Caffeine 00:07:39 Sponsor: Eight Sleep 00:09:45 Morning Focus, Fasting 00:10:34 Tools: Optimize Workspace, Screen Position, Work Bouts 00:13:45 Tool: Timing Work Bouts, Temperature Minimum 00:16:02 Exercise, Strength & Hypertrophy, Endurance Training, Tool: 80/20 Workouts 00:19:01 Sponsor: AG1 00:20:48 Afternoon, Meal Timing, Carbs, Omega-3s, Tool: Afternoon Walks & Light 00:25:33 Dinner, Sleep Transition, Carbs, Serotonin 00:28:44 Sponsor: LMNT 00:30:16 Accelerate Sleep, Tool: Reduce Temperature & Hot Baths 00:32:06 Sleep Supplements, Magnesium, Apigenin, Theanine; Waking at Night 00:35:06 Example Daily Routine, Work Blocks Disclaimer & Disclosures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices