Podcasts about nucleosynthesis

How do we make artificial intelligence more intelligent? This week, Technology Now dives deep into the world of AI agents and how they interact with large language models. We ask what are some of the current problems with AI, and examine how applying agents can help artificial intelligence to provide better answers to our questions. Jimmy Whitaker, Chief Scientist in the AI Private Cloud Group at HPE, tells us more.This is Technology Now, a weekly show from Hewlett Packard Enterprise. Every week, hosts Michael Bird and Aubrey Lovell look at a story that's been making headlines, take a look at the technology behind it, and explain why it matters to organizations and what can be learnt from it.Jimmy Whitaker: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jimmymwhitaker/Sources cited in this week's episode:Today I learned: https://www.simonsfoundation.org/2025/04/29/flares-from-magnetized-stars-can-forge-planets-worth-of-gold-other-heavy-elements/Anirudh Patel et al., 2025, Direct Evidence for r-process Nucleosynthesis in Delayed MeV Emission from the SGR 1806–20 Magnetar Giant Flare, ApJL 984 L29, DOI 10.3847/2041-8213/adc9b0This week in history:Strassburg MA. The global eradication of smallpox. Am J Infect Control. 1982 May;10(2):53-9. doi: 10.1016/0196-6553(82)90003-7. PMID: 7044193.Muyembe JJ, et al, 2024, Ebola Outbreak Response in the DRC with r-VSV-ZEBOV-GP Ring Vaccination, The New England Journal of Medicine, 2024;391:2327-2336, VOL. 391 NO.24, https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa1904387https://www.who.int/health-topics/poliomyelitis#tab=tab_1

What can gamma rays tell us about supernovae and galaxy formation? Neil deGrasse Tyson and co-host Chuck Nice sit down with astrophysicist Tim Paglione to explore high-energy cosmic phenomena, gamma rays, and the extreme events that create them.NOTE: StarTalk+ Patrons can listen to this entire episode commercial-free here:https://startalkmedia.com/show/the-extreme-universe-with-tim-paglione/Thanks to our Patrons Alexander Storts, Chris Henderson, Micheal Mayo, Jose Lotzin, Rebecca Noland, Scientific Panda, Sander Bergheim, Aubrey Loftus, John Leon, Jaquelin Butkovic, Jesse McIntyre, Kelly Sheffield, Kaseim カセイム, Bradley Westbrook, Chris Rassette, Aquahood, BA_MPH_JD_PhD-aspirant, Ravenwingfeather, Kaity Sturgell, Norma Bazan, Mickey Brumfield, lamar Gibson, Bong Bong, Andrew Hayes, Billy Madison, Bruce Muller, parker martindale, James Pope, Carrie Williams, Robert Lester, Mike Bundy, and My Pug is a Bug for supporting us this week. Subscribe to SiriusXM Podcasts+ on Apple Podcasts to listen to new episodes ad-free and a whole week early.

Now you've gorged yourself on the festive spirit, and your loved ones drag some of you to those Boxing Day bargain sales. It's time for the music with another special edition featuring VoLt, with band members Michael Shipway & Steve Smith's solo & various projects. Two of my close friends in this genre have enjoyed each other's company, especially on many memorable excursions to Germany & Holland to meet others with an energetic passion for electronic music. Sadly, Steve is no longer with us, but we will always have heartfelt memories of our time together. Download Bio: https://we.tl/t-epvURnSQwT Mick The ED Playlist No 245 Volt 00.00 Volt ‘The Far Canal Part 2' (album The Far Canal) 2003 11.58 Volt ‘First Contact' (album Star Compass) 2004 22.33 Volt ‘Through The Rings' (album Through The Rings) 2005 35.44 Volt ‘Explosion Part 1' (album Nucleosynthesis) 2007 47.35 Volt ‘Atavistic' (album HJVI ) 2008 01.00.04 Volt ‘Circuits' (album Circuits) 2012 01.10.30 Volt ‘Fermion' (album Particles) 2013 01.19.55 Volt ‘Distant Union' (album A Day Without Yesterday) 2016 01.31.40 Volt ‘Awakenings Live 2018' *** 01.43.12 Volt ‘Escaping The Dark Matter' (Sequences Special 100th edition) 2016 ARTificial INtelligence 01.51.33 ‘Finest Hour/The Cause' (album ARTillery) 1998 Michael Shipway 01.55.40 Michael Shipway ‘Ritual' (album Into Battle) 1990 02.04.32 Michael Shipway ‘Arrival' (album Beneath Folly) 1992 02.10.03 Michael Shipway 'Jamjar' (album Spirit Of Adventure) 1995 02.15.29 Michael Shipway 'Silicon Mass' (album Voyage To Venus) 2011 02.22.09 John Dyson & Michael Shipway ‘Ride The Beach' (album E-Scape 2015) 02.28.12 Michael Shipway ‘Main Theme/Mysterious Beyond' (New Worlds Project) 02.36.26 Michael Shipway ‘A Dream Of Arumshade' (The Bungay Bash 2) 2012 02.44.14 Michael Shipway & Steve Smith ‘The Nova Towers PT3' (Sequences Magazine no 27) 2002 02.50.32 Michael Shipway 'New 103BPM' (AD Music: Live at Beyond The Airways) 2023 Steve Smith & The Tylas Cyndrone 02.58.26 Steve Smith & The Tylas Cyndrome ‘Phoenix Arising' (album Phoenix Rising) 2011 03.06.55 Steve Smith & The Tylas Cyndrome ‘The Main Event' (album Pools Of Diversity) 2013 03.14.50 Robin Banks & Steve Smith 'Space & Time' (album Stealing Time) 2017 Lamp 03.23.20 Lamp ‘Calamity' (album Scales Of Fortune) *** 2014 03.32.10 Lamp ‘The Tower Of Breganze' (album Three Towers) 2012 ViTaL 03.43.13 ViTaL 'Signs' (Live at Awakenings 2013) Edit ***

Episode: 3046 Chemical Energy Storage that is Billions of Years Old.  Today, a type of storage that is billions of years old.

Get Exclusive Episode Of Space Infinite Podcast - https://forms.gle/rnpoMif7SRLs39MR8 #88. Nucleosynthesis in Stars! In Hindi What is Nucleosynthesis? What is its significance? - Learn about it in this episode of the space infinite podcast! Connect on Instagram - @itssmbh - https://www.instagram.com/itssmbh/

R-process nucleosynthesis during explosion of low-mass neutron stars in close binaries by Chun-Ming Yip et al. on Monday 28 November We investigate the explosion of low-mass neutron stars through Newtonian hydrodynamic simulations. We couple the hydrodynamics to a nuclear reaction network consisting of $sim 4500$ isotopes to study the impact of nuclear reactions, mainly neutron capture, $beta$-decays, and spontaneous fission of nuclei, on the development of hydrodynamic instability of a neutron star. We show that after mass removal from the surfaces, low-mass neutron stars undergo delayed explosion, and an electron anti-neutrino burst with a peak luminosity of $sim3times10^{50}$ erg s$^{-1}$ is emitted, while the ejecta is heated to $sim10^{9}$ K. A robust r-process nucleosynthesis is realized in the ejecta. Lanthanides and heavy elements near the second and third r-process peaks are synthesized as end products of nucleosynthesis, suggesting that the explosions of low-mass neutron stars could be a potentially important source of solar chemical elements. arXiv: http://arxiv.org/abs/http://arxiv.org/abs/2211.14023v1

R-process nucleosynthesis during explosion of low-mass neutron stars in close binaries by Chun-Ming Yip et al. on Sunday 27 November We investigate the explosion of low-mass neutron stars through Newtonian hydrodynamic simulations. We couple the hydrodynamics to a nuclear reaction network consisting of $sim 4500$ isotopes to study the impact of nuclear reactions, mainly neutron capture, $beta$-decays, and spontaneous fission of nuclei, on the development of hydrodynamic instability of a neutron star. We show that after mass removal from the surfaces, low-mass neutron stars undergo delayed explosion, and an electron anti-neutrino burst with a peak luminosity of $sim3times10^{50}$ erg s$^{-1}$ is emitted, while the ejecta is heated to $sim10^{9}$ K. A robust r-process nucleosynthesis is realized in the ejecta. Lanthanides and heavy elements near the second and third r-process peaks are synthesized as end products of nucleosynthesis, suggesting that the explosions of low-mass neutron stars could be a potentially important source of solar chemical elements. arXiv: http://arxiv.org/abs/http://arxiv.org/abs/2211.14023v1

Stellar evolution, SN explosion, and nucleosynthesis by Keiichi Maeda. on Wednesday 12 October Massive stars evolve toward the catastrophic collapse of their innermost core, producing core-collapse supernova (SN) explosions as the end products. White dwarfs, formed through evolution of the less massive stars, also explode as thermonuclear SNe if certain conditions are met during the binary evolution. Inflating opportunities in transient observations now provide an abundance of data, with which we start addressing various unresolved problems in stellar evolution and SN explosion mechanisms. In this chapter, we overview the stellar evolution channels toward SNe, explosion mechanisms of different types, and explosive nucleosynthesis. We then summarize observational properties of SNe through which the natures of the progenitors and explosion mechanisms can be constrained. arXiv: http://arxiv.org/abs/http://arxiv.org/abs/2210.00326v2

3D radiative transfer kilonova modelling for binary neutron star merger simulations by Christine E. Collins et al. on Monday 12 September The detection of GW170817 and the accompanying electromagnetic counterpart, AT2017gfo, have provided an important set of observational constraints for theoretical models of neutron star mergers, nucleosynthesis, and radiative transfer for kilonovae. We apply the 3D Monte Carlo radiative transfer code ARTIS to produce synthetic light curves of the dynamical ejecta from a neutron star merger, which has been modelled with 3D smooth-particle hydrodynamics (SPH) and included neutrino interactions. Nucleosynthesis calculations provide the energy released from radioactive decays of r-process nuclei, and radiation transport is performed using grey opacities given as functions of the electron fraction. We present line-of-sight dependent bolometric light curves, and find the emission along polar lines of sight to be up to a factor of ~2 brighter than along equatorial lines of sight. Instead of a distinct emission peak, our bolometric light curve exhibits a monotonic decline, characterised by a shoulder at the time when the bulk ejecta becomes optically thin. We show approximate band light curves based on radiation temperatures and compare these to the observations of AT2017gfo. We find that the rapidly declining temperatures lead to a blue to red colour evolution similar to that shown by AT2017gfo. We also investigate the impact of an additional, spherically symmetric secular ejecta component, and we find that the early light curve remains nearly unaffected, while after about 1 day the emission is strongly enhanced and dominated by the secular ejecta, leading to the shift of the shoulder from 1-2 to 6-10 days. arXiv: http://arxiv.org/abs/http://arxiv.org/abs/2209.05246v1

with Prof. Eliot Quataert (University of California, Berkeley)In the previous decade, one third of the world's astronomers became involved in a single project --  observing a distant and violent event,  when two "star corpses" called neutron stars collided and exploded.  This represented the first time in the history of astronomy that a cosmic event was observed with both gravity waves (first predicted by Einstein) and light.   We now call this event the birth of "multi-messenger astronomy."  Dr. Quataert gives a non-technical history of how we are now able to find gravity waves, what happens during such a merger, and why we now believe that much of the gold, platinum, uranium and other heavy elements in the universe is assembled in such "star corpse" mergers.  Recorded Jan. 24, 2018.

Episode: 3046 Chemical Energy Storage that is Billions of Years Old.  Today, a type of storage that is billions of years old.

Stellar nucleosynthesis is the creation (nucleosynthesis) of chemical elements by nuclear fusion reactions within stars. Stellar nucleosynthesis has occurred since the original creation of hydrogen, helium, and lithium during the Big Bang.

Rich How of EPOCH OF CHIRALITY chats with Jon about alien sounds, sci-fi movies, the fun part of the pandemic, Star Trek vs Star Wars; two tracks 'Labyrinth', 'Pyramid Cybergod', and his latest record, Nucleosynthesis. 'Labyrinth' https://youtu.be/aoxACwFr4Yo 'Lost In Echoes' https://youtu.be/j6MNqPfIe74 Find out more about EPOCH OF CHIRALITY at: https://epochofchirality.com/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Jon Harris of The Rock Metal Podcast interviews rock and metal bands to get the scoop on their latest two songs and news! Want to be on The Rock Metal Podcast? Email Jon at TheRockMetalPodcast@gmail.com Want to support The Rock Metal Podcast? Donate here: https://www.paypal.me/JonJHarris Want to be on our newsletter list? Provide your email address at https://mailchi.mp/af7a2332e334/therockmetalpodcastnewsletter

Russ gives a presentation, with slides, about the standard model processes that take place in stars to generate elements, how that process eventually results in novas and supernovas, and how supernovas and other similar very high energy events generate cosmic rays. When these cosmic rays hit earth, they result in "cosmogenic nuclides" like the radioactive Carbon 14 that is so often used to date material in archaeological settings. We also run through a short list of the most often used dating techniques, how they work, what the problems are, what the ranges are, and what the margins of error are. We also look at the various assumptions and methods and theory behind these techniques.

In this episode Russ gives a presentation, with slides, about the standard model processes that take place in stars to generate elements, how that process eventually results in novas and supernovas, and how supernovas and other similar very high energy events generate cosmic rays. When these cosmic rays hit earth, they result in "cosmogenic nuclides" like the radioactive Carbon 14 that is so often used to date material in archaeological settings.We also run through a short list of the most often used dating techniques, how they work, what the problems are, what the ranges are, and what the margins of error are. We also look at the various assumptions and methods and theory behind these techniques.As this was a slide show presentation, it may help to watch the video, so look for that on our youtube channel.Brothers of the Serpent Episode 181If you cannot see the audio controls, your browser does not support the audio element

Devika Kamath's discovery about stellar relationships is causing a rewrite of the textbooks. This program first aired August 4, 2019

Devika Kamath's discovery about stellar relationships is causing a rewrite of the textbooks. This program first aired August 4, 2019

In this seminar, I shall describe recent work by our group on iden- tifying pockets of gas at high redshift that have undergone mini- mum processing through stars. The chemical composition of such gas still bears the imprints of the first few generations of stars that formed only a few hundred million years after the Big Bang, and thereby gives us clues to the physical properties of these still mys- terious objects which heralded the so-called ‘epoch of reionisation’. Near-pristine gas at high redshift is also the astrophysical environ- ment where the primordial abundance of deuterium can be measured most precisely. I will show how determinations of the cosmic den- sity of baryons from Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis and from the Cosmic Microwave Background have now reached comparable precision, in both cases of order of a few percent. The excellent agreement be- tween these two measures at widely different cosmic epochs places interesting limits on the existence of relativistic particles beyond the standard model of physics.

In this week's podcast we start talking about the Coronavirus (Covid-19), we talk about Functional Patterns and founder Naudi Aguilar, Cosmology, Astrophysics, Nucleosynthesis, Gold, Iron, Lithium, The Big Bang and Limitations. Limitations seem to be a topic of conversation at the moment. Can't beat a good Limitation. Please leave a comment if you listen to the podcast. We love Human interaction! PIF Podcast Website - http://pifpodcast.com/ PiF Podcast Instagram - @pifpodcast PiF Podcast Facebook - @pifpodcast Euphoria Osteopaths - https://euphoriabackpain.co.uk/ Euphoria Health - http://euphoriahealth.co.uk/ --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/pif-podcast/message

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PKCevvJ_rzU Streamed live on Nov 22, 2019. Last week we gave you an update on the formation of elements from the Big Bang and in main sequence stars like the Sun. This week, we wrap up with a bang, talking about the death of the most massive stars and how they seed the Universe with heavier elements.   We've added a new way to donate to 365 Days of Astronomy to support editing, hosting, and production costs. Just visit: https://www.patreon.com/365DaysOfAstronomy and donate as much as you can! Share the podcast with your friends and send the Patreon link to them too! Every bit helps! Thank you! ------------------------------------ Do go visit http://astrogear.spreadshirt.com/ for cool Astronomy Cast and CosmoQuest t-shirts, coffee mugs and other awesomeness! http://cosmoquest.org/Donate This show is made possible through your donations. Thank you! (Haven't donated? It's not too late! Just click!) The 365 Days of Astronomy Podcast is produced by Astrosphere New Media. http://www.astrosphere.org/ Visit us on the web at 365DaysOfAstronomy.org or email us at info@365DaysOfAstronomy.org.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TAwQnTRQ3mU Streamed live on Nov 22, 2019. The Universe started out with hydrogen and helium and a few other elements, but all around us, there are other, more proton-rich elements. We believe these heavier elements formed in stars, but which stars? And at what points in their lives? Today we'll update our knowledge with the latest science.   We've added a new way to donate to 365 Days of Astronomy to support editing, hosting, and production costs. Just visit: https://www.patreon.com/365DaysOfAstronomy and donate as much as you can! Share the podcast with your friends and send the Patreon link to them too! Every bit helps! Thank you! ------------------------------------ Do go visit http://astrogear.spreadshirt.com/ for cool Astronomy Cast and CosmoQuest t-shirts, coffee mugs and other awesomeness! http://cosmoquest.org/Donate This show is made possible through your donations. Thank you! (Haven't donated? It's not too late! Just click!) The 365 Days of Astronomy Podcast is produced by Astrosphere New Media. http://www.astrosphere.org/ Visit us on the web at 365DaysOfAstronomy.org or email us at info@365DaysOfAstronomy.org.

549: Stellar nucleosynthesis revisited: In and on and around dead stars Astronomy Cast 549: Stellar nucleosynthesis revisited: In and on and around dead stars by Fraser Cain & Dr. Pamela Gay Last week we gave you an update on the formation of elements from the Big Bang and in main sequence stars like the Sun. This week, we wrap up with a bang, talking about the death of the most massive stars and how they seed the Universe with heavier elements.

Last week we gave you an update on the formation of elements from the Big Bang and in main sequence stars like the Sun. This week, we wrap up with a bang, talking about the death of the most massive stars and how they seed the Universe with heavier elements.

548: Stellar nucleosynthesis revisited: In stellar cores & atmospheres Astronomy Cast 548: Stellar nucleosynthesis revisited: In stellar cores & atmospheres by Fraser Cain & Dr. Pamela Gay The Universe started out with hydrogen and helium and a few other elements, but all around us, there are other, more proton-rich elements. We believe these heavier elements formed in stars, but which stars? And at what points in their lives? Today we'll update our knowledge with the latest science.

Trashy mags are full of stories about love among the stars. But astrophysicist Devika Kamath has discovered what happens when real stars hook-up -- and is rewriting the astronomy textbooks as a result!

We tour the periodic table - the 'map' of the atoms If you're looking for the show notes for episode 6, click here. Sorry about the mistake! This is your brain on podcasts...podcasts are good! (The New York Times) Our Strange Attractor website The Overcast podcast player is great & free...get it! (Overcast) Boris Becker (Bio) The periodic table - how atoms are organised (ptable.com) Dimitri Mendeleev & the periodic table (Royal Society of Chemistry) The magnetic periodic table of swear words (Amazon) True nerds name their devices/servers according to a theme (Naming Schemes) Mendeleev's predicted elements (Wikipedia) Arrangement of the elements (BBC) What is atomic mass? (Encyclopaedia Britannica) What is atomic weight? (Encyclopaedia Britannica) The atomic masses of tellurium & iodine are anomalies (BBC) B&Q Bunnings Home Depot Turning lead into gold is too much effort (Scientific American) Turning lead into gold is too much effort (Chemistry Explained) But...medieval alchemy paved the way to chemistry (Wikipedia) What is an electron? (Chem4Kids) Number of electrons = number of protons in the nucleus (Jefferson Lab) The 'solar system' atom diagram & electron shells (CIR Rm.6) Atoms like to have full outer shells...apparently it makes them 'happy' (The Science Forum) Bonding diagrams of simple things like water (BBC) Simple animation of H2 and H2O electron sharing (BBC) Electrons in the shells of the first 20 elements (BBC) An atom can have more or less electrons than protons - then it's 'charged' (Physics Classroom) Electron shells are divided up into orbitals (Wikibooks) Electron configurations listed on the periodic table (Chemical Elements) Row 1 of the periodic table is called 'period 1': 1 shell with 0-2 electrons (Wikipedia) Row 2 of the periodic table is called 'period 2': 2 shells, outer shell 0-8 electrons (Wikipedia) Lithium: first shell full, 1 electron in 2nd outer shell (BBC) Number of electrons in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd etc. outer shells (Wikipedia) What is a chemical reaction? (Encyclopaedia Britannica) What is chemistry (& physics)? (About Education) What is physics? (Physics.org) Lithium, sodium & potassium react with water (YouTube) What happens when you throw a lump of sodium in a river? (Digg) Making table salt: sodium + chlorine reaction (Digg) Neon has 8 electrons in its outer shell so it's full (BBC) Elements in the vertical columns of the periodic table have similar properties because they have the same number of electrons in their outer shell (Boundless) When you go down a row ('period'), you add an electron shell (Chem4Kids) Sodium: 1st & 2nd shells full, 1 electron in 3rd outer shell (BBC) Chlorine has 7 electrons in its 3rd (outer shell) - it wants 1 more to feel complete (BBC) Table salt & its ionic bonding (NaCl) (GCSE Science) Johnny's @ate_a_boiledegg account hasn't really taken off yet (Twitter) Sodium's symbol (Na) comes from the Latin word for sodium carbonate, 'natrium' (Jefferson Lab) Lead's symbol (Pb) comes from the Latin word for liquid silver, 'plumbum' (WebElements) What is a salt? (Wikipedia) Potassium: 1st, 2nd, 3rd shells full, 1 electron in 4th outer shell (BBC) Potassium bromide (KBr) is also a salt - formerly used as an anticonvulsant (Wikipedia) What is methane? (Science is fun) Why do we need salt? (The Naked Scientists) What is solubility? (Wikipedia) When things dissolve in water it's called an 'aqueous solution' (Wikipedia) Physicists often wonder "What would happen if the laws of physics changed?" (The Nature of Reality) Are there other universes with other laws? (The Daily Galaxy) "In search for alien life - follow the water" (Space.com) "Could alien life exist in the methane habitable zone?" (Space.com) Saturn's moon, Titan, has lakes of liquid methane and ethane (Wikipedia) So far, the periodic table seems to work across the universe (Hayden Planetarium) The 'nucleosynthesis periodic table' shows what kind of stars made each element (Wikipedia) Once you're in the 80s & 90s in the periodic table, things get a bit unstable (Wikipedia) What is radioactive decay? (NDT Resource Center) What is uranium? (Jefferson Lab) Uranium the movie (GenePool Productions) What is plutonium? (Jefferson Lab) Uranium eventually turns into lead after spitting out enough protons & energy (Wikipedia) The 3 types of radiation - alpha, beta & gamma (BBC) After 92 (uranium), the elements are all manmade (Jefferson Lab) The 'transfermium elements' (past 100) only exist for seconds (Chemistry Explained) "Superheavy element 117 points to fabled 'island of stability' on periodic table" (Scientific American) Systematic element name: the temporary name given to a newly-made or not-yet-made element (Wikipedia) The periodic table's 4 new elements - ununtrium, ununpentium, ununseptium and ununoctium - are just placeholder names (Compound Interest) When Mendeleev published the first periodic table in 1869, he had to leave predictions/gaps for the future (Wikipedia) Marie Curie wasn't born until 1867, just when the periodic table was invented (Nobelprize.org) Mendeleev died in 1907, so he enjoyed his periodic table for 38 years (Wikipedia) Is that Mendeleev on the cover of Jethro Tull's Aqualung?? (Wikipedia) How are elements grouped? aww the 'poor metals' (Los Alamos National Laboratory) Mendeleev apparently dreamt the periodic table! (Wikipedia) "How one scientist dreamt up the periodic table" (Curiosity) What's in a periodic table dream? (Dreaminterpretation Dictionary) The ye olde 1871 periodic table (Wikipedia) The periodic table was invented before we knew about electrons (Encyclopaedia Britannica) Other scientists contributed, or got close, to inventing the periodic table (Royal Society of Chemistry) Lanthanides & actanides (Los Alamos National Laboratory) Let's draw Feynman diagrams! (Quantum Diaries) Quantum calculations are haaaard - here's a paper called "Accurate Atomic Transition Probabilities for Hydrogen, Helium, and Lithium" (National Institute of Standards and Technology) Fancy a radon bath? (PubMed: Dose Response. 2006; 4(2): 106–118) Marie Curie died of the radiation (BBC) Marie Curie's notebooks are still radioactive (Open Culture) Radox Corrections The most common form of hydrogen has 1 proton, 1 electron & NO neutrons (Chemical Elements) HOWEVER...deuterium, another form of hydrogen, has 1 neutron (Wikipedia) In 'covalent' bonds, electrons are shared by atoms (e.g. H2O) (Virtual Chembook) In 'ionic' bonds, electrons are transferred between atoms (e.g. NaCl) (Virtual Chembook) NASA thinks the moon MAY have water - 6 billion tonnes of water ice (NASA) Unobtanium isn't real yet Johnny (Daily Galaxy) Cheeky review? (If we may be so bold) It'd be amazing if you gave us a short review...it'll make us easier to find in iTunes: Click here for instructions. You're the best! We owe you a free hug and/or a glass of wine from our cellar

Maybe you have heard the buzz about a new planet in our solar system? This week Chris gets the scoop from Astronomer Dr Jonti Horner from the University of Southern Queensland about whether it exists, and importantly what will it be called.Exciting news on the fight against bacteria with British researchers publishing research looking at a new antibiotic developed from proteins isolated from human breast milk. Will this be the solution we need to solve the antibiotic crisis?And did you know that some of you may have formed in the big bang? We go way back in time to look at how each element in the solar system was created, and also welcome the four new elements to the periodic table.

A daytime lunar occultation and a favourable libration of the moon, the ice giants and a round-up of all the planets on view and the deep sky treats in Cassiopeia and Andromeda in our September sky guide. A bright nova in Delphini, declassification of Area 51 plans, an update on Kepler, Juno and the Mars Science Laboratory, Voyager 1 leaving the solar system (maybe!), and new science from ESO's ALMA array. Nucleosynthesis and the life of stars explained in Paul's 5 Minute Concept.An interview on solar dynamics and the upcoming solar maximum with Dr Todd Hoeksema of Stanford University's Wilcox Solar Observatory, and in Q&A we answer listeners' questions on the moon's atmosphere and Han Solo's Kessel Run.

Thu, 20 Dec 2012 12:00:00 +0100 https://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15306/ https://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15306/1/Alves-Cruz_M.pdf Alves Cruz, Monique ddc:530, ddc:500, Fakultät für Physik

Physicist Dr. Ruggero Santilli joins us to discuss Neutron Synthesis in the lab – a validation of Rutherford's model of […] The post Ruggero Santilli on Fusion and Nucleosynthesis appeared first on American Antigravity.

Transcript: The cosmic abundance of light elements is a primary piece of evidence in favor of the big bang model. Stars are fusion factories, and main sequence stars create helium from hydrogen by the fusion process in their cores. However, a careful accounting of stellar fusion over the history of the universe shows that it’s impossible to create twenty-five percent of the mass of the universe in the form of helium as observed. In fact in the 1940s George Gamow, Russian theorist, speculated that in the early phases of the big bang the universe itself was hot or hotter than the center of a star. This is called cosmic nucleosynthesis, light elements created by fusion process of the entire universe very early in its history. Basically within the first fraction of a second of the universe’s history the temperature starts to drop below a billion degrees, and nuclear reactions can start. In the three stage process similar to that that takes place in the Sun protons and neutrons are combined to form deuterium, H with a superscript 2, a neutron is added to form tritium, H3, and another proton is added to form helium. This all occurs in the first four minutes after the big bang. In the succeeding twenty-five minutes tiny amounts of lithium 7 and beryllium 7 are created. Then because of the expansion and the cooling temperature the nuclear reactions stopped, and so the creation of all heavier elements occurs in the center of stars over the subsequent billions of years.

Now this is creation science.

In der vorliegenden Arbeit habe ich mich mit den Auswirkungen eventuell im fruehen Universum vorhandener Antimaterieregionen auf die Haeufigkeiten der leichten Elemente beschaeftigt. Praktisch das gesamte Deuterium und der ueberwiegende Teil der Helium-4 Kerne, die wir heute im Universum beobachten, wurden in einem fuehen Evolutionsstadium des Kosmos — nur wenige Minuten nach dem Urknall — gebildet. In der Theorie der sogenannten Primordialen Nukleosynthese — oder auch Big Bang Nukleosynthese (BBN) — werden die relativen Haeufigkeiten der einzelnen Kerne abhangig von den genauen physikalischen Bedingungen im jungen Universum vorhergesagt. Die im Rahmen des Standardmodells der Kosmologie vorhergesagten Elementhaeufigkeiten stimmen im Allgemeinen gut mit aus Beobachtungen abgeleiteten Werten ueberein. Dies begr uendet den großen Erfolg dieser Theorie und macht sie zu einem der Grundpfeiler des kosmologischen Standardmodells. Denkbare Erweiterungen des Standardmodells koennen jedoch potentiell Auswirkungen auf den Ablauf der Kernsynthese haben. Da aber jedes glaubwuerdige Szenario ebenso wie die Standardtheorie die aus den Beobachtungen abgeleiteten Haeufigkeiten vorhersagen muss, duerfen die H¨aufigkeiten nur minimal beeinflusst werden. Diese Ueberlegungen gestatten es uns, die Kernsynthese als ”Werkzeug“ zur Untersuchung der physikalischen Bedingungen im jungen Universum zu verwenden. Dies ist bereits in der Vergangenheit vielfach praktiziert worden. Eine haeufig untersuchte Variante ist die sogenannte inhomogene Nukleosynthese. In einem solchen Modell wird eine Grundannahme des kosmologischen Standardmodells, die Homogenitaet der Verteilung der baryonischen Materie im jungen Universum, fallengelassen. Das von mir untersuchte Szenario geht noch einen Schritt weiter und laeßt auch Fluktuationen in der Baryonendichte mit negativem Vorzeichen zu. In einem solchen Modell besteht das junge Universum aus getrennten Materie- und Antimaterieregionen. Diese Art spezieller Anfangsbedingungen wird in einigen Modellen der elektroschwachen Baryogenese vorhergesagt. Solche Materie- und Antimaterieregionen werden sich gegenseitig annihilieren, sobald der Transport von Baryonen ueber die Grenzen der Regionen moeglich ist. Nach der vollst¨andigen Annihilation aller Antimaterieregionen bleibt nur der im Zuge der Baryogenese gebildete Ueberschuß an Materie uebrig. Zur numerischen Behandlung dieses Problems habe ich ein Computerprogramm entwickelt. In diesem Programm werden sowohl die nuklearen Reaktionen, die zum Aufbau der leichten Elemente fuehren, als auch Annihilationen beruecksichtigt. Da die Kernsynthese und die Annihilation der Antimaterieregionen im expandierenden Universum ablaufen, und die genauenWerte der einzelnen thermodynamischen Variablen, wie Druck, Dichte und Temperatur der beteiligten Teilchen, von entscheidender Wichtigkeit sind, muss das Programm auf dem Hintergrund der Expansion des Kosmos gerechnet werden. Weiterhin musste neben den Reaktionen, die zwischen den einzelnen Nukleonen ablaufen koennen, auch der Transport von Nukleonen und Antinukleonen in die jeweilige Anti-Region behandelt werden. Diese Transportprozesse werden zu fruehen Zeiten durch Diffusion von Baryonen beschrieben, zu spaeten Zeiten hingegen durch hydrodynamische Expansion von Regionen mit hoeherer Dichte gegen solche mit niedrigerer Dichte. Abhaengig vom Zeitpunkt der Annihilation k¨onnen die Haeufigkeiten der leichten Elemente durch zwei Haupteffekte beeinflusst werden. Im Zuge der Heliumsynthese, die bei einer kosmischen Temperatur von etwa 80 keV ablaeuft, werden praktisch alle freien Neutronen in Helium-4 Kerne eingebaut. Die primordiale Helium-4 Haeufigkeit haengt also stark von der Anzahl verfuegbarer Neutronen ab. Zu Zeiten vor der Heliumsynthese laeuft der Transport von Baryonzahl ueber die Domaenengrenzen durch Neutronendiffusion ab, Protonen koennen auf Grund ihrer elektrischen Ladung nur ueber wesentlich kuerzere Distanzen diffundieren. Fruehe Annihilation wird also bevorzugt auf Neutronen stattfinden und fuehrt so zu einer Reduzierung der Neutronendichte, und damit unmittelbar auch zu einer geringeren Menge an primordial produziertem Helium-4. Sind die Antimaterieregionen groeßer als die Diffusionslaenge von Neutronen zur Zeit der Heliumsynthese, ist ein nennenswerter Transport von Baryonzahl erst zu wesentlich sp¨ateren Zeiten moeglich. Antiprotonen, die nun in die Materieregion eindringen, koennen sowohl auf Protonen als auch auf die bereits gebildeten Helium-4 Kerne annihilieren. Weiterhin koennen die Helium-4 Kerne auch durch die im Annihilationprozess entstehenden Gammaquanten photodisintegriert werden. Beide Prozesse fuehren zur Bildung energetischer Sekundaerkerne, in erster Linie Helium-3. Diese energetischen Kerne koennen in einem weiteren Schritt durch nicht-thermische Reaktionen mit Helium-4 Kernen Lithium-6 Kerne bilden. Sp¨ate Annihilation wird also zu einer erhoehten Helium-3 und Lithium-6 Haeufigkeit im Vergleich zum Standardszenario fuehren. Als ein wichtiges Ergebnis meiner Arbeit habe ich auf Grund dieser Effekte Schranken sowohl an den maximal erlaubten Antimateriegehalt im jungen Universum, als auch an den Zeitpunkt der Annihilation, bestimmt durch die Groeße der Antimaterieregionen, hergeleitet. Diese neuen und rigiden Schranken decken einen weiten Annihilationszeitraum ab, von der Epoche des Ausfrierens der schwachen Wechselwirkungen bei einer Temperatur von etwa 1 MeV bis hinunter zur Epoche der Rekombination bei einer kosmischen Temperatur von etwa 10 nisse wesentlich restriktiver. Der relative Antimateriegehalt in Regionen die unmittelbar nach dem Ende der Kernsynthese annihilieren kann beispielsweise nicht hoeher als wenige Prozent der gesamten baryonischen Materie sein, fuer spaetere Annihilation sinkt dieser Wert um mehr als zwei Groeßenordnungen. In einem zweiten Hauptaspekt meiner Arbeit habe ich gezeigt, dass die durchaus im Detail vorhandenen Diskrepanzen zwischen den im Standardszenario der Big Bang Nukleosynthese vorhergesagten Elementh aeufigkeiten und den aus Beobachtungen abgeleiteten Werten durch die Praesenz einer gewissen Menge Antimaterie in einem bestimmten Laengenskalenbereich beseitigt werden koennen. Weiterhin habe ich untersucht, ob die im Standardszenario g ueltige obere Grenze fuer die Baryonendichte im Universum in einem Szenario mit Antimateriedom aenen ebenso gueltig ist. Auf Grund meiner Ergebnisse erscheint es sehr unwahrscheinlich, dass die Baryonendichte in einem Materie-Antimaterie Szenario wesentlich gr¨oßer sein kann, als im Standardszenario vorhergesagt.