Podcast appearances and mentions of Michael Bird

How do sports and technology go hand in hand? This week, Technology Now explores how sports teams use technology both on and off the field. We examine the history of sport analytics, and how technology is utilized to help training, find opponents' weaknesses, and even discover new talent going forwards. Matt Messick, CIO for the Dallas Cowboys who are part of Blue Star Operations Services, tells us more.This is Technology Now, a weekly show from Hewlett Packard Enterprise. Every week, hosts Michael Bird and Aubrey Lovell look at a story that's been making headlines, take a look at the technology behind it, and explain why it matters to organizations. HPE & Dallas Cowboys partnership:https://www.hpe.com/psnow/doc/a50008315enwhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JD9WhsESuwE Sources:https://www.nielsen.com/news-center/2025/super-bowl-lix-makes-tv-history-with-over-127-million-viewers/https://www.forbes.com/sites/neilsahota/2024/02/05/touchdown-technology-the-rise-of-ai-in-american-football/Charles M. Mottley, (1954) Letter to the Editor—The Application of Operations-Research Methods to Athletic Games. Journal of the Operations Research Society of America 2(3):335-338. https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2.3.335Lindsey, G. R. “Statistical Data Useful for the Operation of a Baseball Team.” Operations Research, vol. 7, no. 2, 1959, pp. 197–207. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/167156. Accessed 31 July 2025.https://invention.si.edu/invention-stories/sports-analytics-moneyballhttps://london-post.co.uk/the-analytics-revolution-in-the-nfl/

How should we understand the words, “in him all things were created” in Col 1.16? Although commonly taken to mean Christ created the universe, this view has contextual, structural, and exegetical problems. In what follows I’ll name six problems with old-creation readings before laying out why a new creation approach makes sense. I presented this talk at the 2025 Unitarian Christian Alliance (UCA) conference in Uxbridge, England. Scroll down to see the full-length paper. For those listening to the audio, here’s a quick reference to Colossians 1.15-20 Strophe 1 (Col 1.15-18a) 15a      who is (the) image of the invisible God, 15b      firstborn of all creation 16a      for in him were created all things 16b                  in the heavens and upon the earth, 16c                  the visible and the invisible, 16d                  whether thrones or dominions or rulers or authorities 16e      all things have been created through him and for him 17a      and he is before all things 17b      and all things hold together in him 18a      and he is the head of the body of the Church,[12] Strophe 2 (Col 1.18b-20) 18b      who is (the) beginning, 18c      firstborn from the dead, 18d                  in order that he may be first in all things, 19        for in him was pleased all the fulness to dwell 20a      and through him to reconcile all things in him, 20b      making peace through the blood of his cross 20c                  whether the things upon the earth 20d                  or the things in the heavens Here’s Randy Leedy’s New Testament Diagram Here are the slides in the original PowerPoint format Download [13.82 MB] Here are the slides converted to PDF Loading... Taking too long? Reload document | Open in new tab Download [3.16 MB] To read the paper, simply scroll down or read it on Academia.edu.   Listen on Spotify   Listen on Apple Podcasts —— Links —— Check out these other papers by Sean Finnegan Support Restitutio by donating here Join our Restitutio Facebook Group and follow Finnegan on X @RestitutioSF Leave a voice message via SpeakPipe with questions or comments and we may play it out on the air Who is Sean Finnegan?  Read his bio here Get Finnegan’s book, Kingdom Journey to learn about God’s kingdom coming on earth as well as the story of how Christianity lost this pearl of great price. Get the transcript of this episode Intro music: Good Vibes by MBB Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0) Free Download / Stream: Music promoted by Audio Library. Below is the paper presented on July 25, 2025 in Uxbridge, England at the 2nd annual UCA UK Conference. Access this paper on Academia.edu to get the pdf. Full text is below, including bibliography and end notes. Colossians 1.16: Old Creation or New Creation? by Sean P. Finnegan Abstract  How should we understand the words, “in him all things were created” in Col 1.16? Although commonly taken to mean Christ created the universe, this view has contextual, structural, and exegetical problems. In what follows, I will explain the difficulties with the various old creation readings of Col 1.16 along with five reasons for a new creation approach. Then I'll provide a new creation reading of Col 1.16 before summarizing my findings in the conclusion. Introduction  Colossians 1.15-20 is a fascinating text of great importance for Christology. Commonly understood to be a hymn, it is fascinating in its cosmic scope and elevated Christology. Although many commentators interpret Paul[1] to say that Christ created the universe in his pre-existent state in Col 1.16, not all scholars see it that way. For example, Edward Schillebeeckx writes, “There is no mention in this text of pre-existence in the Trinitarian sense.”[2] Rather he sees “an eschatological pre-existence, characteristic of wisdom and apocalyptic.”[3] G. B. Caird agreed that Paul's focus in Col. 1.15-20 was not pre-existence (contra Lightfoot), rather, “The main thread of Paul's thought, then, is the manhood of Christ.”[4] In other words, “All that has been said in vv. 15-18 can be said of the historical Jesus.”[5] James Dunn also denied that Paul saw Christ as God's agent in creation in Col 1.15-20, claiming that such an interpretation was “to read imaginative metaphor in a pedantically literal way.”[6] James McGrath argued that “Jesus is the one through whom God's new creation takes place.” [7] Andrew Perriman likewise noted, “There is no reference to the creation of heaven and earth, light and darkness, sea and dry land, lights in the heavens, vegetation, or living creatures,”[8] also preferring a new creation approach.[9] To understand why such a broad range of scholars diverge from the old creation interpretation of Col 1.16, we will examine several contextual, structural, and exegetical problems. While explaining these, I'll also put forward four reasons to interpret Col 1.16 as new creation. Then I'll provide a fifth before giving a new creation reading of Col 1.15-20. But before going any further, let's familiarize ourselves with the text and structure. The Form of Col 1.15-20  To get our bearings, let me begin by providing a translation,[10] carefully structured to show the two strophes.[11] Strophe 1 (Col 1.15-18a) 15a      who is (the) image of the invisible God, 15b      firstborn of all creation 16a      for in him were created all things 16b                  in the heavens and upon the earth, 16c                  the visible and the invisible, 16d                  whether thrones or dominions or rulers or authorities 16e      all things have been created through him and for him 17a      and he is before all things 17b      and all things hold together in him 18a      and he is the head of the body of the Church,[12] Strophe 2 (Col 1.18b-20) 18b      who is (the) beginning, 18c      firstborn from the dead, 18d                  in order that he may be first in all things, 19        for in him was pleased all the fulness to dwell 20a      and through him to reconcile all things in him, 20b      making peace through the blood of his cross 20c                  whether the things upon the earth 20d                  or the things in the heavens Here I've followed the two-strophe structure (1.15-18a and 18b-20) noted more than a century ago by the classical philologist Eduard Norden[13] and repeated by James Robinson,[14] Edward Lohse,[15] Edward Schweizer,[16] James Dunn,[17] Ben Witherington III,[18] and William Lane[19] among others. By lining up the parallel lines of the two strophes, we can clearly see the poetic form. Strophe 1 15a who is (the) image… 15b firstborn of all creation 16a for in him were created all things… 16e  all things have been created through him… Strophe 2 18b who is (the) beginning, 18c firstborn from the dead … 19 for in him was pleased all… 20a and through him to reconcile all things in him… Such striking repeated language between the two strophes means that we should be careful to maintain the parallels between them and not take a grammatical or exegetical position on a word or phrase that would disconnect it from the parallel line in the other strophe. Some scholars, including F. F. Bruce,[20] Michael Bird,[21] David Pao,[22] among others proposed vv. 17-18a as an independent transitional link between the two strophes. Lohse explained the motivation for this unlikely innovation as follows. Above all, it is curious that at the end of the first, cosmologically oriented strophe, Christ is suddenly referred to as the “head of the body, the church” (1:18a κεφαλή τοῦ σώματος τῆς ἐκκλησίας). Considering its content, this statement would have to be connected with the second strophe which is characterized by soteriological statements. The structure of the hymn, however, places it in the first strophe.[23] For interpreters who prefer to think of the first strophe as cosmogony and the second as soteriology, a line about Christ's headship over the church doesn't fit very well. They restructure the form based on their interpretation of the content. Such a policy reverses the order of operations. One should determine the form and then interpret the content in light of structure. Lohse was right to reject the addition of a new transitional bridge between the two strophes. He called it “out of the question” since vv. 17-18a underscore “all things” and “serve as a summary that brings the first strophe to a conclusion.”[24] Now that we've oriented ourselves to some degree, let's consider old creation readings of Col 1.16 and the problems that arise when reading it that way. Old Creation Readings  Within the old creation paradigm for Col 1.16 we can discern three groups: those who see (A) Christ as the agent by whom God created, (B) Wisdom as the agent, and (C) Christ as the purpose of creation. Although space won't allow me to interact with each of these in detail, I will offer a brief critique of these three approaches. As a reminder, here is our text in both Greek and English. Colossians 1.16 16a      ὅτι ἐν αὐτῷ ἐκτίσθη τὰ πάντα 16b                  ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, 16c                  τὰ ὁρατὰ καὶ τὰ ἀόρατα, 16d                  εἴτε θρόνοι εἴτε κυριότητες εἴτε ἀρχαὶ εἴτε ἐξουσίαι· 16e      τὰ πάντα δι' αὐτοῦ καὶ εἰς αὐτὸν ἔκτισται· 16a      for in him were created all things 16b                  in the heavens and upon the earth, 16c                  the visible and the invisible, 16d                  whether thrones or dominions or rulers or authorities 16e      all things have been created through him and for him 1. Christ as the Agent of Creation Scot McKnight is representative in his claim that “The emphasis of the first stanza is Christ as the agent of creation … and the second is Christ as the agent of redemption.”[25] This view sees the phrase “in him were created all things” as Christ creating the universe in the beginning. However, this position has six problems with it. Firstly, the context of the poem—both before (vv. 13-14) and after (vv. 21-22)—is clearly soteriological not cosmogonical.[26] By inserting vv. 15-20 into the text after vv. 13-14, Paul connected the two together.[27] V. 15 begins with ὅς ἐστιν (who is), which makes it grammatically dependent on vv. 13-14. “It is widely accepted,” wrote Dunn, “that this passage is a pre-Pauline hymn interpolated and interpreted to greater or less extent by Paul.”[28] By placing the poem into a redemptive frame, Paul indicated how he interpreted it. The fact that God “rescued us from the authority of darkness and transferred (us) into the kingdom of his beloved son” is the controlling context (v. 13).[29] As I will show below, I believe vv. 15-20 are ecclesiology not protology, since ecclesiology naturally flows from soteriology. Rather than remaining in the old domain of darkness, vulnerable to malevolent spiritual powers of this age, Colossian Christians are transferred into the new domain of Christ. The context makes it more natural to interpret the creation language of vv. 15-16 in light of Christ's redemptive work—as references to new creation rather than old creation. Doing so retains the contextual frame rather than jumping back to the beginning of time. A second problem arises when we consider the phrase “image of the invisible God” in v. 15. Although some see a Stoic or Wisdom reference here, I agree with F. F. Bruce who said, “No reader conversant with the OT scriptures, on reading these words of Paul, could fail to be reminded of the statement in Gen. 1:26f., that man was created by God ‘in his own image.'”[30] Immediately after making humanity in his own image, God blessed us with dominion over the earth. Philo also connected humanity's image of God with “the rulership over the earthly realms.”[31] But if the Christ of v. 15 is the pre-existent son prior to his incarnation, as the old creation model posits, “How can he be the ‘image of God,'” asked Eduard Schweizer, since “the one who is thus described here is not the earthly Jesus?”[32] It is precisely by virtue of his humanity that Jesus is the image of God not his pre-existence.[33] Thus, image-of-God language points us to the creation of a new humanity. A third problem is that “firstborn of all creation” prima facia implies that Christ is a member of creation (a partitive genitive). This is how Paul thought about Christ as firstborn in Rom 8.29 when he called Christ “firstborn among many brothers and sisters.” Clearly he saw Christ as a member of the “ἀδελφοῖς” (brothers and sisters). Furthermore, “πρωτότοκος πάσης κτίσεως” (firstborn of all creation) in v. 15 parallels “πρωτότοκος ἐκ τῶν νεκρῶν” (firstborn from the dead) v. 18. Although the former (v. 15) can be taken as a genitive of subordination (firstborn over creation) or as a partitive genitive (firstborn of creation), the latter (v. 18) is unambiguously partitive. Because v. 18 includes the word ἐκ (from/out of), instead of a multivalent genitive, it must mean that Jesus was himself a member of the dead prior to his resurrection. Likewise, he was the firstborn member of creation. To take v. 15 as a genitive of subordination and v. 18 in a partitive sense allows theology to drive exegesis over against the clear structural link between v. 15b and v. 18c. In fact, as the BDAG noted, Christ is “the firstborn of a new humanity.”[34] He is chronologically born first and, by virtue of that, also preeminent.[35] Fourthly, the phrase, “ἐν αὐτῷ” (in him), implies soteriology not protology as it does throughout the Pauline corpus. The prepositional phrases “in Christ,” “in the Lord,” “in him,” and others that are similar occur more than a hundred times in Paul's epistles. McKnight elucidated the sense nicely: “This expression, then, is the inaugurated eschatological reality into which the Christian has been placed, and it also evokes the new-creation realities that a person discovers.”[36] Creation in Christ is not likely to refer to Genesis creation. In fact, apart from Col 1.16, there is no text within Paul or the rest of the Bible that speaks of the origin of the universe as something created “in Christ.”[37] Sadly translators routinely obscure this fact by translating “ἐν αὐτῷ” as “by him.”[38] Amazingly, the NASB and ESV render “ἐν αὐτῷ” as “in him” in every other usage apart from Col 1.16![39] For the sake of consistency, it makes better sense to render “ἐν αὐτῷ” as “in him” and let the reader decide how to interpret it. Fifthly, the line, “and he is the head of the body, the Church” (v. 18a) clearly roots the first strophe in redemptive history not creation. Our English translations follow Robert Estienne's verse divisions, which confusingly combine the last line of the first strophe (v. 18a) and the first line of the second (v. 18b), obscuring the native poetic structure. As I made the case above, the structure of the text breaks into two strophes with v. 18a included in the first one. As I mentioned earlier, vv. 15-20 are a pre-existing poem that Paul has modified and incorporated into the text of Colossians. Ralph Martin pointed out that the poem contains “no less than five hapax legomena” and “about ten non-Pauline expressions.”[40] Additionally, there appear to be awkward additions that disrupt the symmetry. These additions are the most explicitly Christian material. It is likely that the original said, “and he is the head of the body” to which Paul appended “the church.” Edward Schillebeeckx commented on this. In Hellenistic terms this must primarily mean that he gives life and existence to the cosmos. Here, however, Colossians drastically corrects the ideas … The correction made by Colossians is to understand ‘body' as a reference to the church, and not the cosmos. This alters the whole perspective of the cultural and religious setting … The cosmic background is reinterpreted in terms of salvation history and ecclesiology. In fact Christ is already exercising his lordship over the world now … however, he is doing this only as the head of the church, his body, to which he gives life and strength. Thus Colossians claims that the church alone, rather than the cosmos, is the body of Christ.[41] If this is true, it shows Paul's careful concern to disallow a strictly old creation or protological reading of the first strophe. For by inserting “of the church,” he has limited the context of the first strophe to the Christ event. “The addition of ‘the church,'” wrote Dunn, “indicates that for Paul at any rate the two strophes were not dealing with two clearly distinct subjects (cosmology and soteriology).”[42] Karl-Joseph Kuschel wrote, “The answer would seem to be he wanted to ‘disturb' a possible cosmological-protological fancy in the confession of Christ … to prevent Christ from becoming a purely mythical heavenly being.”[43] Thus Paul's addition shows us he interpreted the creation of v16 as new creation. Lastly, theological concerns arise when taking Col 1.16 as old creation. The most obvious is that given the partitive genitive of v. 15, we are left affirming the so-called Arian position that God created Christ as the firstborn who, in turn, created everything else. Another thorn in the side of this view is God's insistence elsewhere to be the solo creator (Isa 44.24; cf. 45.18). On the strength of this fact, modalism comes forward to save the day while leaving new problems in its wake. However, recognizing Col 1.15-20 as new creation avoids such theological conundrums. 2. Wisdom as the Agent of Creation Dustin Smith noted, “The christological hymn contains no less than nine characteristics of the wisdom of God (e.g., “image,” “firstborn,” agent of creation, preceding all things, holding all things together) that are reapplied to the figure of Jesus.”[44] Some suggest that Col 1.15-20 is actually a hymn to Wisdom that Paul Christianized.[45] The idea is that God created the universe through his divine Wisdom, which is now embodied or incarnate in Christ. Dunn explained it as follows. If then Christ is what God's power/wisdom came to be recognized as, of Christ it can be said what was said first of wisdom—that ‘in him (the divine wisdom now embodied in Christ) were created all things.' In other words the language may be used here to indicate the continuity between God's creative power and Christ without the implication being intended that Christ himself was active in creation.[46] Before pointing out some problems, I must admit much of this perspective is quite noncontroversial. That Jewish literature identified Wisdom as God's creative agent, that there are linguistic parallels between Col 1.15-20 and Wisdom, and that the historical Jesus uniquely embodied Wisdom to an unprecedented degree are not up for debate. Did Paul expect his readers to pick up on the linguistic parallels? Afterall, he could have just said “in her were created all things” in v. 16, clearly making the connection with the grammatically feminine σοφία (Wisdom). Better yet, he could have said, “in Wisdom were created all things.” Even if the poem was originally to Wisdom, Paul has thoroughly Christianized it, applying to Christ what had been said of Wisdom. However, the most significant defeater for this view is that applying Wisdom vocabulary to Christ only works one way. Wisdom has found her home in Christ. This doesn't mean we can attribute to Christ what Wisdom did before she indwelt him any more than we can attribute to the living descendants of Nazis the horrific deeds of their ancestors. Perriman's critique is correct: “The point is not that the act of creation was Christlike, rather the reverse: recent events have been creation-like. The death and resurrection of Jesus are represented as the profoundly creative event in which the wisdom of God is again dynamically engaged, by which a new world order has come about.”[47] Once again a new creation approach makes better sense of the text. 3. Christ as the Purpose of Creation Another approach is to take ἐν αὐτῷ (in him) in a telic sense. Martha King, a linguist with SIL, said the phrase can mean “in association with Christ everything was created” or “in connection with Christ all things were created.”[48] Lexicographer, Joseph Thayer, sharpened the sense with the translation, “[I]n him resides the cause why all things were originally created.”[49] William MacDonald's translation brought this out even more with the phrase, “because for him everything … was created.”[50] The idea is that God's act of creation in the beginning was with Christ in view. As Eric Chang noted, “Christ is the reason God created all things.”[51] G. B. Caird said, “He is the embodiment of that purpose of God which underlies the whole creation.”[52] The idea is one of predestination not agency.[53] Christ was the goal for which God created all things. A weakness of this view is that purpose is better expressed using εἰς or δία with an accusative than ἐν. Secondly, the parallel line in the second strophe (v. 19) employs “ἐν αὐτῷ” in a clearly locative sense: “in him all the fullness was pleased to dwell.” So even though “ἐν αὐτῷ” could imply purpose, in this context it much more likely refers to location. Lastly, Paul mentioned the sense of purpose at the end of v. 16 with “εἰς αὐτὸν ἔκτισται” (for him has been created), so it would be repetitive to take “ἐν αὐτῷ” that way as well. To sum up, the three positions that see Col 1.16 as a reference to old creation all have significant problems. With these in mind, let us turn our attention to consider a fourth possibility: that Paul has in mind new creation. Reasons for a New Creation Reading I've already provided four reasons why Col 1.15-20 refers to new creation: (1) calling Christ the image of God points to the new humanity begun in Christ as the last Adam;[54] (2) since the firstborn of the old creation was Adam (or, perhaps, Seth), Jesus must be the firstborn of the new creation; (3) saying Jesus is the head of the church, limits the focus for the first strophe to the time following the Christ event; (4) the context of the poem, both before (vv. 13-14) and after (vv. 21-22) is soteriological, making an old creation paradigm awkward, while a new creation view fits perfectly. The Catholic priest and professor, Franz Zeilinger, summarized the situation nicely: “Christ is (through his resurrection from the realm of death) Lord over the possession granted to him, of which he is the ἀρχή (beginning) and archetype, … and head and beginning of the eschatological new creation!”[55] Additionally, a new creation paradigm fits best with Paul's elaboration of what visible and invisible things in heaven and on earth he has in mind. Once again, here's our text. 16a      for in him were created all things 16b                  in the heavens and upon the earth, 16c                  the visible and the invisible, 16d                  whether thrones or dominions or rulers or authorities 16e      all things have been created through him and for him By specifying thrones, dominions, rulers, and authorities, we discern Paul's train of thought. Form critics are quick to point out that v. 16d is Paul's addition to the poem. Without it, the reader may have thought of sky, land, and animals—old creation. However, with v. 16d present, we direct our attention to political realities not God's creative power or engineering genius. Martha King noted the two possible meanings for εἴτε: (1) specifying the “invisible things” or (2) giving examples of “all things.” Taking the second view, we read “in him were created all things, including thrones, dominions, rulers, and authorities.”[56] Randy Leedy also presented this position in his sentence diagrams, identifying v. 16d as equivalent to v. 16c and v. 16b, all of which modify τὰ πάντα (all things) at the end of v. 16a. (See Appendix for Leedy's diagram.) Perriman pressed home the point when he wrote: The fact is that any interpretation that takes verse 16 to be a reference to the original creation has to account for the narrow range of created things explicitly listed. … The Colossians verse mentions only the creation of political entities—thrones, lordships, rulers and authorities, visible and invisible—either in the already existing heaven or on the already existing and, presumably, populated earth. What this speaks of is a new governmental order consisting of both invisible-heavenly and visibly-earthly entities.”[57] Understanding v. 16d as equivalent to “all things” in v. 16a nicely coheres with a new-creation paradigm. However, taken the other way—as an elaboration of only the invisible created realities—v. 16d introduces an asymmetrical and clumsy appendix. A New Creation Reading of Col 1.16 Now that we've considered some problems with old creation views and some reasons to read Col 1.16 from a new creation perspective, let's consider how a new creation reading works. New creation is all about the new breaking into the old, the future into the present. G. F. Wessels said, “Paul made clear that there is a present realized aspect of salvation, as well as a future, still outstanding aspect, which will only be realized at the eschaton.”[58] New creation, likewise, has future and present realities. Exiting Old Creation Before becoming part of the new creation, one must exit the old creation. “Our old humanity was co-crucified“ (Rom 6.6). “With Christ you died to the elemental principles of the world” (Col 2.20). “As many as were baptized into Christ Jesus, were baptized into his death” (Rom 6.3). We were “co-buried with him through baptism into the death … having been united with the likeness of his death” (Rom 6.4-5). Our death with him through baptism kills our allegiance and submission to the old powers and the old way of life “in which you formerly walked according to the zeitgeist of this world, according to the rule of the authority of the air, the spirit which now works in the children of disobedience” (Eph 2.2). Entering New Creation As death is the only way out of the old creation, so resurrection is the only way into the new creation. “You have been co-raised with Christ” (Col 3.1). God “co-made-alive us together with him” (Col 2.13).[59] By virtue of our union with Christ, we ourselves are already “co-raised and co-seated us in the heavenlies in Christ Jesus” (Eph 2.6). The result of this is that “we also may walk in newness of life” (Rom 6.4). For those who are “in Christ, (there is) a new creation; the old has passed away, behold (the) new has come into existence” (2 Cor 5.17). “They have been ‘transported,'” wrote Schillebeeckx, “they already dwell above in Christ's heavenly sphere of influence (Col 1.13)—the soma Christou … that is the church!”[60] Community For the people of God, “neither circumcision is anything nor uncircumcision but a new creation” is what matters (Gal 6.15). Those who “are clothed with the new” are “being renewed in knowledge according to the image of him who created, where there is no Greek and Jew, circumcision and uncircumcision, barbarian, Scythian, slave, (or) free, but Christ (is) all and in all” (Col 3.10-11). Through Christ God has nullified the law “in order that he might create the two into one new humanity in him” (Eph 2.14-15). Thus, within new creation, ethnic identity still exists, but it is relativized, our identity in Christ taking priority ahead of other affiliations and duties. Lifestyle When the lost become saved through faith, they become his creation (ποίημα), “created in Christ Jesus for good works” (Eph 2.10). This means we are to “lay aside the former way of life, the old humanity corrupted according to deceitful desires” and instead be clothed with “the new humanity created according to God in righteousness and holiness of the truth” (Eph 4.22-24). Rather than lying to one another, we must “strip off the old humanity with its way of acting” and “be clothed with the new (humanity), renewed in knowledge according to the image of the one who created it” (Col 3.9-10). “The ones who are Christ's have crucified the flesh with the passions and the lusts” and instead “walk by the spirit” (Gal 5.24-25). Ultimately, All Creation Although new creation is currently limited to those who voluntarily recognize Jesus as Lord, all “creation is waiting with eager expectation for the unveiling of the children of God” (Rom 8.19). Because of the Christ event, the created order eagerly awaits the day when it will escape “the enslavement of corruption” and gain “the freedom of the glory of the children of God” (v. 21). Like a bone out of joint, creation does not function properly. Once Christ sets it right, it will return to its proper order and operation under humanity's wise and capable rulership in the eschaton. Eschatology God predetermined that those who believe will be “conformed to the image of his son, that he be firstborn among many brothers and sisters” (Rom 8.29). Thus, the resurrected Christ is the prototype, “the first fruits of those who have fallen asleep” (1 Cor 15.20). Whereas “in Adam all die, so also in Christ all will be made alive” (v. 22). We await Christ's return to “transform the body of our humble station (that it be) shaped to his glorious body according to the energy which makes him able to also to subject all things to himself.” (Phil 3.21). This is the end goal of new creation: resurrected subjects of God's kingdom joyfully living in a renewed world without mourning, crying, and pain forevermore (Isa 65.17-25; Rev 21-22). The Powers Taking Col 1.16 as a new creation text adds key information about the present governing powers to this richly textured picture. In Christ God created thrones, dominions, rulers, and authorities. He made these through Christ and for Christ with the result that Christ himself is before all things, and in Christ all things hold together (Col 1.17). He is the head of the body, the Church (Col 1.18). We find very similar language repeated in Ephesians in the context of Christ's exaltation.[61] Ephesians 1.20-23 20 Which [power] he energized in Christ having raised him from the dead and seated (him) on his right (hand) in the heavenlies 21 far above all rule and authority and power and dominion and every name named, not only in this age but also in the one to come; 22 and he subjected all things under his feet and gave him (as) head over all things in the Church, 23 which is his body, the fullness of the one who fills all things in all. The parallels are striking. Both speak of Christ's resurrection, Christ's exalted position of authority over all the powers, Christ's role as head of the church, and both mention the fullness. It's easy to miss the connection between these two passages since most think of Eph 1.20-22 as ascension theology and Col 1.15-20 as creation theology. But, if we adjust our thinking to regard Col 1.16 as new creation, we see how the two fit together. In Ephesians we see Christ's ascension to God's right hand as the reason for a cosmic reordering of authorities with the result that all rule, authority, power, and dominion are subjected to him. (Though we may be accustomed to reading these powers in Eph 1.21 as only malevolent owing to Eph 2.2 and 6.12, the list here must be mixed, since only benevolent powers will survive the final judgement and continue into the age to come.) Instead of exaltation, in Colossians Paul employed the language of creation to describe Christ's relation to the powers. Perhaps lesser terms like reassign, reorder, or establish were just too small to adequately express the magnitude of how the Christ event has changed the world—both in heaven and on earth. The only term big enough to convey the new situation was “creation”—the very same word he routinely used elsewhere with the meaning of new creation.[62] We can gain more insight by considering what the powers of Eph 1.21 and Col 1.16 mean. McKnight saw them “as earthly, systemic manifestations of (perhaps fallen) angelic powers—hence, the systemic worldly, sociopolitical manifestations of cosmic/angelic rebellion against God.”[63] I partially agree with McKnight here. He's right to see the powers as both heavenly and earthly, or better, as the heavenly component of the earthly sociopolitical realities, but he has not made room for the new authority structures created in Christ. John Schoenheit helpfully explained it this way: Not only did Jesus create his Church out of Jew and Gentile, he had to create the structure and positions that would allow it to function, both in the spiritual world (positions for the angels that would minister to the Church—see Rev. 1:1, “his angel”) and in the physical world (positions and ministries here on earth—see Rom. 12:4-8; Eph. 4:7-11).[64] We must never forget that Paul has an apocalyptic worldview—a perspective that seeks to unveil the heavenly reality behind the earthly. He believed in powers of darkness and powers of light. In Christ were created thrones, dominions, rulers, and authorities (Col 1.16). He is “the head of all rule and authority” (Col 2.10). These new creation realities make progress against the old powers that still hold sway in the world outside the Church. Although the old powers are still at work, those who are in Christ enjoy his protection. With respect to the Church, he has already “disarmed the rulers and authorities” (Col 2.15). We can don “the armor of God that we be able to stand against the methods of the devil” (Eph 6.11) and “subduing everything, to stand” (v. 13). We find glimpses of this heavenly reality scattered in other places in the Bible. Peter mentioned how Christ “is on the right hand of God, having gone into heaven, angels and authorities and power having been subjected to him” (1 Pet 3.22). In John's Revelation, he addressed each of the seven letters to the angels of their respective churches.[65] Although it's hard for us to get details on precisely what happened at Christ's ascension, something major occurred, not just on earth, but also in the spiritual realm. Jesus's last recorded words in Matthew are: “all authority in heaven and upon earth was given to me” (Mat 28.18-20). Presumably such a statement implies that prior to his resurrection Jesus did not have all authority in heaven and earth. It didn't exist until it was created. Similarly, because of his death, resurrection, and ascension, Christ has “become so much better than the angels as the name he has inherited is superior to them” (Heb 1.4). Once again, the text implies that Christ was not already superior to the angels, but “after making purification of the sins, he sat on the right hand of the majesty on high” at which time he became preeminent (Heb 1.3). Perhaps this also explains something about why Christ “proclaimed to the spirits in prison” (1 Pet 3.19). Another possibility is that Christ's ascension (Rev 12.5) triggered a war in heaven (v. 7) with the result that the dragon and his angels suffered defeat (v. 8) and were thrown out of heaven down to the earth (v. 9). Sadly, for most of the history of the church we have missed this Jewish apocalyptic approach that was obvious to Paul, limiting salvation to individual sins and improved morality.[66] Only in the twentieth century did interpreters begin to see the cosmic aspect of new creation. Margaret Thrall wrote the following. The Christ-event is the turning-point of the whole world … This Christ ‘in whom' the believer lives is the last Adam, the inaugurator of the new eschatological humanity. … Paul is saying that if anyone exists ‘in Christ', that person is a newly-created being. … In principle, through the Christ-event and in the person of Christ, the new world and the new age are already objective realities.[67] New creation is, in the words of J. Louis Martyn “categorically cosmic and emphatically apocalyptic.”[68] In fact, “The advent of the Son and of his Spirit is thus the cosmic apocalyptic event.”[69] In Christ is the beginning of a whole new creation, an intersecting community of angelic and human beings spanning heaven and earth. The interlocking of earthly (visible) and heavenly (invisible) authority structures points to Paul's apocalyptic holism. The Church was not on her own to face the ravages of Rome's mad love affair with violence and power. In Christ, people were no longer susceptible to the whims of the gods that have wreaked so much havoc from time immemorial.[70] No, the Church is Christ's body under his direct supervision and protection. As a result, the Church is the eschatological cosmic community. It is not merely a social club; it has prophetic and cosmic dimensions. Prophetically, the Church points to the eschaton when all of humanity will behave then how the Church already strives to live now—by the spirit instead of the flesh (Gal 5.16-25). Cosmically, the Church is not confined to the earth. There is a heavenly dimension with authority structures instantiated under Christ to partner with the earthly assemblies. God's “plan for the fulness of the times” is “to head up all thing in the Christ, the things upon the heavens and the things upon the earth in him” (Eph 1.10). Although this is his eschatological vision, Zeilinger pointed out that it is already happening. [T]he eschatological world given in Christ is realized within the still-existing earthly creation through the inclusion of the human being in Christ, the exalted one, by means of the proclamation of salvation and baptism. The eschaton spreads throughout the world in the kerygma and becomes reality, in that the human being, through baptism, becomes part of Christ—that is, in unity with him, dies to the claim of the στοιχεῖα τοῦ κόσμου (2.20) and is raised with him to receive his eschatological life. The people thus incorporated into the exalted Christ thereby form, in him and with him, the new creation of the eschaton within the old! The body of Christ is thus recognizable as the expanding Church. In it, heavenly and earthly space form, in a certain sense, a unity.[71] The Church is a counter society, and embassy of the future kingdom shining the light of the age to come into the present in the power of the spirit with the protection of Christ and his heavenly powers over against the powers of darkness, who/which are still quite active—especially in the political realities of our present evil age (Gal 1.4). We bend the knee to the cosmic Christ now in anticipation of the day when “every knee may bend: heavenly and earthly and subterranean” (Phil 2.10) and “every tongue may confess that Jesus Christ (is) Lord” (v. 11). Christ's destiny is to fulfil the original Adamic mandate to multiply, fill, and have dominion over the earth (Gen 1.28). He has already received all authority in heaven and earth (Mat 28.18). God has given him “dominion over the works of your hands and put all things under his feet” as the quintessential man (Ps 8.6). Even so, “Now we do not yet see all things subjected to him” (Heb 2.8), but when he comes “he will reign into the ages of the ages” (Rev 11.15). Until then, he calls the Church to recognize his preeminence and give him total allegiance both in word and deed. Conclusion We began by establishing that the structure of the poetic unit in Col 1.15-20 breaks into two strophes (15-18a and 18b-20). We noted that Paul likely incorporated pre-existing material into Colossians, editing it as he saw fit. Then we considered the problems with the three old creation readings: (A) Christ as the agent of creation, (B) Wisdom as the agent of creation, and (C) Christ as the purpose of creation. In the course of critiquing (A), which is by far most popular, we observed several reasons to think Col 1.16 pertained to new creation, including (1) the image of God language in v. 15a, (2) the firstborn of all creation language in v. 15b, (3) the head of the Church language in v. 18a, and (4) the soteriological context (frame) of the poem (vv. 13-14, 21-22). To this I added a fifth syntactical reason that 16d as an elaboration of “τἀ πάντα” (all things) of 16a. Next, we explored the idea of new creation, especially within Paul's epistles, to find a deep and richly textured paradigm for interpreting God's redemptive and expanding sphere of influence (in Christ) breaking into the hostile world. We saw that new Christians die and rise with Christ, ending their association with the old and beginning again as a part of the new—a community where old racial, legal, and status divisions no longer matter, where members put off the old way of living and instead become clothed with the new humanity, where people look forward to and live in light of the ultimate transformation to be brought about at the coming of Christ. Rather than limiting new creation to the salvation of individuals, or even the sanctifying experience of the community, we saw that it also includes spiritual powers both “in the heavens and upon the earth, the visible and the invisible, whether thrones or dominions or rulers or authorities” (Col 1.16). Reading Col 1.15-20 along with Eph 1.20-23 we connected God's creation of the powers in Christ with his exaltation of Christ to his right hand “far above all rule and authority and power and dominion and every name named, not only in this age but also in the one to come” (Eph 1.21). The point from both texts is clear: as “the head of the body, the Church” (Col 1.18; Eph 1.22), Christ is “before all things” (Col 1.17), “first in all things” (Col 1.18), and “far above all” (Eph 1.21), since God has “subjected all things under his feet” (Eph 1.22). Christ is preeminent as the firstborn of all new creation, “the new Adam … the starting point where new creation took place.”[72] Although the old powers still hold sway in the world, those in the interlocked heaven-and-earth new creation domain where Christ is the head, enjoy his protection if they remain “in the faith established and steadfast and not shifting away from the hope of the gospel” (Col 1.23). This interpretation has several significant advantages. It fits into Paul's apocalyptic way of thinking about Christ's advent and exaltation. It also holds together the first strophe of the poem as a unit. Additionally, it makes better sense of the context. (The ecclesiology of Col 1.15-18a follows logically from the soteriological context of vv. 13-14.) Lastly, it is compatible with a wide range of Christological options. Appendix Here is Col 1.16 from Leedy's sentence diagrams.[73] Of note is how he equates the τὰ πάντα of 16a with 16c and 16d rather than seeing 16d as an elaboration of τά ὁρατά. Bibliography Bauer, Walter, Frederick William  Danker, William F. Arndt, F. Gingrich, Kurt Aland, Barbara Aland, and Viktor Reichmann. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. 3rd ed. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2000. Bird, Michael F. Colossians and Philemon. A New Covenant Commentary. Cambridge, England: The Lutterworth Press, 2009. Brown, Anna Shoffner. “Nothing ‘Mere’ About a Man in the Image of God.” Paper presented at the Unitarian Christian Alliance, Springfield, OH, Oct 14, 2022. Bruce, E. K. Simpson and F. F. The Epistles to the Ephesians and the Colossians. The New International Commentary on the New Testament, edited by Ned B. Stonehouse. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1957. Buzzard, Anthony F. Jesus Was Not a Trinitarian. Morrow, GA: Restoration Fellowship, 2007. Caird, G. B. New Testament Theology. Edited by L. D. Hurst. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, 2002. Caird, G. B. Paul’s Letters from Prison. New Clarendon Bible, edited by H. F. D. Sparks. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 1976. Carden, Robert. One God: The Unfinished Reformation. Revised ed. Naperville, IL: Grace Christian Press, 2016. Chang, Eric H. H. The Only Perfect Man. Edited by Bentley C. F. Chang. 2nd ed. Montreal, QC: Christian Disciples Church Publishers, 2017. Deuble, Jeff. Christ before Creeds. Latham, NY: Living Hope International Ministries, 2021. Dunn, James D. G. Christology in the Making. 2nd ed. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1996. Dunn, James D. G. The Epistles to the Colossians and to Philemon. New International Greek Testament Commentary, edited by Gasque Marshall, Hagner. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1996. Heiser, Michael S. The Unseen Realm: Recovering the Supernatural Worldview of the Bible. Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2019. King, Martha. An Exegetical Summary of Colossians. Dallas, TX: SIL International, 1992. Kuschel, Karl-Joseph. Born before All Time? Translated by John Bowden. New York, NY: Crossroad, 1992. Originally published as Beforen vor aller Zeit? Lane, William L. The New Testament Page by Page. Open Your Bible Commentary, edited by Martin Manser. Bath, UK: Creative 4 International, 2013. Leedy, Randy A. The Greek New Testament Sentence Diagrams. Norfolk, VA: Bible Works, 2006. Lohse, Edward. Colossians and Philemon. Hermeneia. Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press, 1971. MacDonald, William Graham. The Idiomatic Translation of the New Testament. Norfolk, VA: Bibleworks, 2012. Mark H. Graeser, John A. Lynn, John W. Schoenheit. One God & One Lord. 4th ed. Martinsville, IN: Spirit & Truth Fellowship International, 2010. Martin, Ralph. “An Early Christian Hymn (Col. 1:15-20).” The Evangelical Quarterly 36, no. 4 (1964): 195–205. Martyn, J. Louis. Theological Issues in the Letters of Paul. Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press, 1997. McGrath, James F. The Only True God: Early Christian Monotheism in Its Jewish Context. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 2009. McKnight, Scot. The Letter to the Colossians. New International Commentary on the New Testament, edited by Joel B. Green. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2018. Norden, Eduard. Agnostos Theos: Untersuchungen Zur Formengeschichte Religiöser Rede. 4th ed. Stuttgart, Germany: B. G. Teubner, 1956. Originally published as 1913. Pao, David. Colossians and Philemon. Zondervan Exegetical Commentary of the New Testament, edited by Clinton E. Arnold. Grand Rapid, MI: Zondervan, 2012. Perriman, Andrew. In the Form of a God. Studies in Early Christology, edited by David Capes Michael Bird, and Scott Harrower. Eugene, OR: Cascade Books, 2022. Philo. The Works of Philo. The Norwegian Philo Concordance Project. Edited by Kåre Fuglseth Peder Borgen, Roald Skarsten. Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press, 2005. Robinson, James M. “A Formal Analysis of Colossians 1:15-20.” Journal of Biblical Literature 76, no. 4 (1957): 270–87. Schillebeeckx, Eduard. Christ: The Experience of Jesus as Lord. Translated by John Bowden. New York, NY: The Seabury Press, 1977. Schoberg, Gerry. Perspectives of Jesus in the Writings of Paul. Eugene, OR: Pickwick Publications, 2013. Schweizer, Eduard. The Letter to the Colossians. Translated by Andrew Chester. Minneapolis, MN: Augsburg Publishing House, 1982. Smith, Dustin R. Wisdom Christology in the Gospel of John. Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock, 2024. Snedeker, Donald R. Our Heavenly Father Has No Equals. Bethesda, MD: International Scholars Publications, 1998. Thayer, Joseph Henry. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1996. Thrall, Margaret. The Second Epistle to the Corinthians. Vol. 1. The International Critical Commentary, edited by C. E. B. Cranfield J. A. Emerton, G. N. Stanton. Edinburgh, Scotland: T&T Clark, 1994. Wachtel, William M. “Colossians 1:15-20–Preexistence or Preeminence?” Paper presented at the 14th Theological Conference, McDonough, GA, 2005. Wessels, G. F. “The Eschatology of Colossians and Ephesians.” Neotestamentica 21, no. 2 (1987): 183–202. Witherington III, Ben The Letters to Philemon, the Colossians, and the Ephesians: A Socio-Rhetorical Commentary of the Captivity Epistles. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2007. Yates, Roy. The Epistle to the Colossians. London: Epworth Press, 1993. Zeilinger, Franz. Der Erstgeborene Der Schöpfung. Wien, Österreich: Herder, 1974. Footnotes [1] Since the nineteenth century biblical scholars have been divided over whether Paul wrote Colossians. One of the major reasons for thinking Paul didn't write Colossians is his exalted Christology—the very conclusion this paper seeks to undermine. A second major factor to argue against Pauline authorship is the difference in vocabulary, but this is explainable if Paul used a different amanuensis. The theologically more cosmic emphasis (also evident in Ephesians) is likely due to Paul's time in prison to reflect and expand his understanding of the Christ event. Lastly, the proto-Gnostic hints in Colossians do not require dating the epistle outside of Paul's time. Although Gnosticism flourished at the beginning of the second century, it was likely already beginning to incubate in Paul's time. [2] Eduard Schillebeeckx, Christ: The Experience of Jesus as Lord, trans. John Bowden (New York, NY: The Seabury Press, 1977), 185. [3] Schillebeeckx, 185. [4] G. B. Caird, Paul’s Letters from Prison, New Clarendon Bible, ed. H. F. D. Sparks (Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 1976), 177. [5] Caird, 181. [6] James D. G. Dunn, The Epistles to the Colossians and to Philemon, New International Greek Testament Commentary, ed. Gasque Marshall, Hagner (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1996), 91. “[W]hat at first reads as a straightforward assertion of Christ's pre-existenct activity in creation becomes on closer analysis an assertion which is rather more profound—not of Christ as such present with God in the beginning, nor of Christ as identified with a pre-existent hypostasis or divine being (Wisdom) beside God, but of Christ as embodying and expressing (and defining) that power of God which is the manifestation of God in and to his creation.” (Italics in original.) James D. G. Dunn, Christology in the Making, 2nd ed. (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1996), 194. [7] James F. McGrath, The Only True God: Early Christian Monotheism in Its Jewish Context (Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 2009), 46. [8] Andrew Perriman, In the Form of a God, Studies in Early Christology, ed. David Capes Michael Bird, and Scott Harrower (Eugene, OR: Cascade Books, 2022), 200. [9] In addition, biblical unitarians routinely interpret Col 1.16 as new creation. See Anthony F. Buzzard, Jesus Was Not a Trinitarian (Morrow, GA: Restoration Fellowship, 2007), 189–90, Robert Carden, One God: The Unfinished Reformation, Revised ed. (Naperville, IL: Grace Christian Press, 2016), 197–200, Eric H. H. Chang, The Only Perfect Man, ed. Bentley C. F. Chang, 2nd ed. (Montreal, QC: Christian Disciples Church Publishers, 2017), 151–52, Jeff Deuble, Christ before Creeds (Latham, NY: Living Hope International Ministries, 2021), 163–66, John A. Lynn Mark H. Graeser, John W. Schoenheit, One God & One Lord, 4th ed. (Martinsville, IN: Spirit & Truth Fellowship International, 2010), 493–94, Donald R. Snedeker, Our Heavenly Father Has No Equals (Bethesda, MD: International Scholars Publications, 1998), 291–92, William M. Wachtel, “Colossians 1:15-20–Preexistence or Preeminence?” (paper presented at the 14th Theological Conference, McDonough, GA, 2005), 4. [10] All translations are my own. [11] Stophes are structural divisions drawn from Greek odes akin to stanzas in poetry or verses in music. [12] Throughout I will capitalize Church since that reflects the idea of all Christians collectively not just those in a particular local assembly. [13] Eduard Norden, Agnostos Theos: Untersuchungen Zur Formengeschichte Religiöser Rede, 4th ed. (Stuttgart, Germany: B. G. Teubner, 1956), 250–54. [14] James M. Robinson, “A Formal Analysis of Colossians 1:15-20,” Journal of Biblical Literature 76, no. 4 (1957): 272–73. [15] Edward Lohse, Colossians and Philemon, Hermeneia (Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press, 1971), 44. [16] Eduard Schweizer, The Letter to the Colossians, trans. Andrew Chester (Minneapolis, MN: Augsburg Publishing House, 1982), 57. [17] Dunn, The Epistles to the Colossians and to Philemon, 84. [18] Ben  Witherington III, The Letters to Philemon, the Colossians, and the Ephesians: A Socio-Rhetorical Commentary of the Captivity Epistles (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2007), 129. [19] William L. Lane, The New Testament Page by Page, Open Your Bible Commentary, ed. Martin Manser (Bath, UK: Creative 4 International, 2013), 765. [20] E. K. Simpson and F. F. Bruce, The Epistles to the Ephesians and the Colossians, The New International Commentary on the New Testament, ed. Ned B. Stonehouse (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1957), 65. [21] Michael F. Bird, Colossians and Philemon, A New Covenant Commentary (Cambridge, England: The Lutterworth Press, 2009), 50. [22] David Pao, Colossians and Philemon, Zondervan Exegetical Commentary of the New Testament, ed. Clinton E. Arnold (Grand Rapid, MI: Zondervan, 2012), 87. [23] Lohse, 42. [24] Lohse, 43–44. [25] Scot McKnight, The Letter to the Colossians, New International Commentary on the New Testament, ed. Joel B. Green (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2018), 144. [26] Col 1.13-14: “who rescued us from the authority of darkness and transferred (us) into the kingdom of his beloved son in whom we have the redemption, the forgiveness of the sins.” Col 1.21-22: “And you being formerly alienated and hostile in thought in the evil deeds, but now he reconciled (you) in his body of the flesh through the death to present you holy and blameless and irreproachable before him.” [27] In fact, we can easily skip from vv. 13-14 to vv. 21-22. [28] Dunn, Christology in the Making, 187–88. [29] Sadly, most translations erroneously insert a paragraph between vv. 14 and 15. This produces the visual effect that v. 15 is a new thought unit. [30] Bruce, 193. [31] Moses 2.65: “τὴν ἡγεμονίαν τῶν περιγείων” in Philo, The Works of Philo, The Norwegian Philo Concordance Project (Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press, 2005). See also Sirach 17.3. [32] Schweizer, 64. [33] For a helpful treatment of how the image of God relates to Christology, see Anna Shoffner Brown, “Nothing ‘Mere’ About a Man in the Image of God” (paper presented at the Unitarian Christian Alliance, Springfield, OH, Oct 14, 2022). [34] Walter Bauer et al., A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, 3rd ed. (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2000), s.v. “πρωτότοκος,” 2.a. [35] Franz Zeilnger wrote, “Christ is temporally the first of a series that essentially proceeds from him, and at the same time its lord and head.” Franz Zeilinger, Der Erstgeborene Der Schöpfung (Wien, Österreich: Herder, 1974), 182. Original: “als “Wurzel” ist Christus zeitlich der erste einer Reihe, die wesentlich aus ihm hervorgeht, und zugleich ihr Herr und Haupt.” [36] McKnight, 85–86. [37] The closest parallels are 1 Cor 8.6; Heb 1.2; and John 1.3, which employ the preposition δια (through). Upon close examination these three don't teach Christ created the universe either. [38] ESV, CSB, NASB, etc. Notably the NET diverges from the other evangelical translations. Roman Catholic, mainline, and unitarian translations all tend to straightforwardly render “ἐν αὐτῷ” as “in him” in Col 1.16; cf. NABRE, NRSVUE, OGFOMMT, etc. [39] Chang, 150. [40] Ralph Martin, “An Early Christian Hymn (Col. 1:15-20),” The Evangelical Quarterly 36, no. 4 (1964): 198. [41] Schillebeeckx, 186. [42] Dunn, Christology in the Making, 191. [43] Karl-Joseph Kuschel, Born before All Time?, trans. John Bowden (New York, NY: Crossroad, 1992), 336. [44] Dustin R. Smith, Wisdom Christology in the Gospel of John (Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock, 2024), 5–6. For more on wisdom Christology in Col 1.16 see Dunn, The Epistles to the Colossians and to Philemon, 89, Roy Yates, The Epistle to the Colossians (London: Epworth Press, 1993), 18–19, 23, G. B. Caird, New Testament Theology, ed. L. D. Hurst (Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, 2002), 46, McGrath, 44, 46. [45] See Dunn, The Epistles to the Colossians and to Philemon, 89. See also Yates, 18–19, 23. [46] Dunn, Christology in the Making, 190. [47] Perriman, 199. [48] Martha King, An Exegetical Summary of Colossians (Dallas, TX: SIL International, 1992), 53. [49] Joseph Henry Thayer, A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1996), s.v. “ἐν,” 1722. He recognized the cause was both instrumental and final. [50] William Graham MacDonald, The Idiomatic Translation of the New Testament (Norfolk, VA: Bibleworks, 2012). [51] Chang, 147. Similarly James McGrath wrote, “[I]f all things were intended by God to find their fulfillment in Christ, then they must have been created “in him” in the very beginning in some undefined sense, since it was axiomatic that the eschatological climax of history would be a restoration of its perfect, original state.” McGrath, 46. [52] Caird, Paul’s Letters from Prison, 172. [53] “God so designed the universe that it was to achieve its proper meaning and unity only under the authority of man (Gen. 128; Ps. 86). But this purpose was not to be implemented at once; it was ‘to be put into effect when the time was ripe' (Eph. 110), when Christ had lived a human life as God intended it, and had become God's image in a measure which was never true of Adam. Only in unity with ‘the proper man' could the universe be brought to its destined coherence. For one who believes in predestination it is but a small step from this to saying that the universe was created in him.” Caird, Paul’s Letters from Prison, 178. [54] See also Paul's Adam Christology in Rom 5.12-21; 1 Cor 15.21-22, 45-49. [55] “Christus ist (durch seine Auferstehung aus dem Todesbereich) Herr über den ihm verliehenen Besitz, dessen ἀρχή und Urbild er ist, … und Haupt und Anfang der eschatologischen Neuschöpfung!” Zeilinger, 188. [56] King, 54. [57] Perriman, 200. [58] G. F. Wessels, “The Eschatology of Colossians and Ephesians,” Neotestamentica 21, no. 2 (1987): 187. [59] I realize my translation is awkward, but I prioritized closely mirroring the Greek over presenting smooth English. The original reads, “συνεζωοποίησεν ὑμᾶς σὺν αὐτῷ.” [60] Schillebeeckx, 187. [61] Scholars who make this connection include Caird, New Testament Theology, 216, Caird, Paul’s Letters from Prison, 177, McGrath, 44, Perriman, 201. [62] In fact, only two of the texts I cited above explicitly say “new creation” (2 Cor 5.17 and Gal 6.15). In all the others, Paul blithely employed creation language, expecting his readers to understand that he was not talking about the creation of the universe, but the creation of the new humanity in Christ—the Church. [63] McKnight, 152. [64] Mark H. Graeser, 493. [65] Rev 2.1, 8, 12, 18; 3.1, 7, 14. [66] See Gerry Schoberg, Perspectives of Jesus in the Writings of Paul (Eugene, OR: Pickwick Publications, 2013), 280–81, 83. [67] Margaret Thrall, The Second Epistle to the Corinthians, vol. 1, The International Critical Commentary, ed. C. E. B. Cranfield J. A. Emerton, G. N. Stanton (Edinburgh, Scotland: T&T Clark, 1994), 423, 26–28. [68] J. Louis Martyn, Theological Issues in the Letters of Paul (Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press, 1997), 122. [69] Martyn, 121. [70] Whether the old gods actually existed or not is a topic beyond the scope of this paper. Interested readers should consult Michael S. Heiser, The Unseen Realm: Recovering the Supernatural Worldview of the Bible (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2019). [71] “[D]ie in Christus gegebene echatologische Welt verwirkliche sich innerhalb der weiterhin existenten irdischen Schöpfung durch die Einbeziehung des Menschen in Christus, den Erhöhten, mittles Heilsverkündigung und Taufe. Das Eschaton setzt sic him Kerygma wetweit durch und wird Wirklichkeit, indem der Mensch durch die Taufe Christi Teil wird, d. h. in Einheit mit ihm dem Anspruch der στοιχεῖα τοῦ κόσμου stirbt (2, 20) und mit ihm auferweckt sein eschatologisches Leben erhält. Die so dem erhöhten Christus eingegliederten Menschen bilden somit in ihm und mit ihm die neue Schöpfung der Eschata innerhalb der alten! Der Christusleib ist somit als sich weitende Kirche erkennbar. In ihr bildet himmlischer und irdischer Raum gewissermaßen eine Einheit.” Zeilinger, 179. [72] “Der neue Adam … Ausgangsort, in dem sich Neuschöpfung ereignete,” Zeilinger, 199. [73] Randy A. Leedy, The Greek New Testament Sentence Diagrams (Norfolk, VA: Bible Works, 2006). This is now available in Logos Bible Software.

How can AI be used to commit fraud? This week, Technology Now dives into the world of AI attacks. We explore how AI is being used to commit fraud against both people and companies and ask what protections can be put in place to mitigate this in the future. Aman Raheja, Global Chief Information Security Officer at HPE tells us more.This is Technology Now, a weekly show from Hewlett Packard Enterprise. Every week, hosts Michael Bird and Aubrey Lovell look at a story that's been making headlines, take a look at the technology behind it, and explain why it matters to organizations.About Aman: https://www.linkedin.com/in/rahejaaman/Sources:https://www.fbi.gov/history/famous-cases/bernie-madoffhttps://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bernard-madoff.asphttps://www.cnbc.com/2019/03/27/phishing-email-scam-stole-100-million-from-facebook-and-google.htmlhttps://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-39744007https://www.npr.org/2019/03/25/706715377/man-pleads-guilty-to-phishing-scheme-that-fleeced-facebook-google-of-100-millionhttps://edition.cnn.com/2024/02/04/asia/deepfake-cfo-scam-hong-kong-intl-hnk/

What does the future hold for the world of Technology? This week, Technology Now is looking to the future and where we could be going next exploring topics including physical AI and quantum computing. At the HP Garage in Palo Alto, California, our on the ground reporter Sam Jarrell is once again joined by HPE Labs Chief Architect, Kirk Bresniker, this time, to discuss the future of innovationThis is Technology Now, a weekly show from Hewlett Packard Enterprise. Every week, hosts Michael Bird and Aubrey Lovell look at a story that's been making headlines, take a look at the technology behind it, and explain why it matters to organizations.About Kirk Bresniker: https://www.linkedin.com/in/kirkbresniker Sources:https://www.visualcapitalist.com/the-history-of-innovation-cycles/https://sas-space.sas.ac.uk/6251/1/Musso%20case%20study.pdfhttps://o7hym76hqe4vgicsgie2b2d5gqx3spauod5hrbhrkrndb4gwj7tq.arweave.net/d8-Gf8eBOVMgUjIJoOh9NC-5PBRw-niE8VRaMPDWT-c#:~:text=Growth%20of%20the%20Internet%20The%20number%20of,accelerated%20and%20reached%203.4%20billion%20in%202016.https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/world-population-by-year/

How did we get here? This week Technology Now is looking back at the history of innovation and the birth of Silicon Valley from a tiny garage in Palo Alto, California. Our reporter on the ground, Sam Jarrell is joined by HPE Labs Chief Architect, Kirk Bresniker, to explore the history of the HPE and how the modern era of electronics began. This episode is available in both video and audio formats.This is Technology Now, a weekly show from Hewlett Packard Enterprise. Every week, hosts Michael Bird and Aubrey Lovell look at a story that's been making headlines, take a look at the technology behind it, and explain why it matters to organizations.About Kirk Bresniker: https://www.linkedin.com/in/kirkbresnikerSources:https://www.weforum.org/stories/2021/07/this-is-a-visualization-of-the-history-of-innovation-cycles/https://www.britannica.com/event/American-Revolutionhttps://www.hp.com/us-en/shop/tech-takes/history-of-hp

Why are we still talking about virtualization? This week, Technology Now is returning to a classic topic in computing: Virtualization. So, what's changed in the landscape that's bought virtualization back into the limelight, and how is it being used in our current technological landscape? Brad Parks, Chief Product & Go To Market Officer at HPE's recently acquired Morpheus Data, tells us more.This is Technology Now, a weekly show from Hewlett Packard Enterprise. Every week, hosts Michael Bird and Aubrey Lovell look at a story that's been making headlines, take a look at the technology behind it, and explain why it matters to organizations.About Brad Parks: https://www.linkedin.com/in/brad-parks-b190464/Sources:https://www.techtarget.com/searchitoperations/feature/The-history-of-virtualization-and-its-mark-on-data-center-managementhttps://inventivehq.com/history-of-virtualization/

Why do networks go down? More importantly, how are they restored when they do? This week, Technology Now is diving in the worlds of networking, and how network outages are solved. What caused the problem? Who should run the response? How can organisations learn from outages to prevent them happening in the future? Sarah Tovar, a Principle Network Engineer on the Advanced Customer Engineering team tells us more.This is Technology Now, a weekly show from Hewlett Packard Enterprise. Every week, hosts Michael Bird and Aubrey Lovell look at a story that's been making headlines, take a look at the technology behind it, and explain why it matters to organizations.About Sarah Tovar: https://www.linkedin.com/in/sarah-tovar-1083a5104/Sources:https://www.britannica.com/topic/ARPANEThttps://www.scientificamerican.com/article/early-sketch-of-arpanets-first-four-nodes/https://home.cern/science/computing/where-web-was-born

Where do industry experts see the world of technology heading? This week, Technology Now is looking back to a conversation from HPE Discover Las Vegas with HPE's Chief Technology Officer, Fidelma Russo, about any updates since last year's Diary of a CTO episode, and where she sees the industry heading in the future.This is Technology Now, a weekly show from Hewlett Packard Enterprise. Every week, hosts Michael Bird and Aubrey Lovell look at a story that's been making headlines, take a look at the technology behind it, and explain why it matters to organizations.About Fidelma Russo: https://www.hpe.com/uk/en/leadership-bios/fidelma-russo.htmlToday I Learned:https://www.ed.ac.uk/news/microbes-transform-plastic-waste-into-paracetamolJohnson, N.W., Valenzuela-Ortega, M., Thorpe, T.W. et al. A biocompatible Lossen rearrangement in Escherichia coli. Nat. Chem. (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41557-025-01845-5https://www.statista.com/statistics/242764/global-polyethylene-terephthalate-production-capacity/This Week in History: https://www.edn.com/bell-labs-announces-junction-transistor-july-5-1951/https://uk.rs-online.com/web/content/discovery/ideas-and-advice/bipolar-transistor-guidehttps://newatlas.com/computers/ibm-2-nm-chips-transistors/https://www.nano.gov/nanotech-101/what/nano-size

What is happening at HPE Discover? This week Technology Now is dialing into to HPE Discover Las Vegas, HPE's annual customer and partner event. Our reporter on the ground, Sam Jarrell, is joined by HPE's President and CEO, Antonio Neri, to explore the show floor and learn more about this year's event. This episode is available in both video and audio formats. This is Technology Now, a weekly show from Hewlett Packard Enterprise. Every week, hosts Michael Bird and Aubrey Lovell look at a story that's been making headlines, take a look at the technology behind it, and explain why it matters to organizations.About Antonio Neri:https://www.hpe.com/uk/en/leadership-bios/antonio-neri.htmlThis Week in History:https://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/26404794246.pdfhttps://world-nuclear.org/information-library/current-and-future-generation/nuclear-power-in-the-world-today

What do you do with the world's largest supercomputer? This week, Technology Now looks further at the world of supercomputers and explores what the world's largest supercomputer, El Capitan, and it's sister machine, Tuolumne, are used for. Rob Rieben, a computational physicist at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, tells us more.This is Technology Now, a weekly show from Hewlett Packard Enterprise. Every week, hosts Michael Bird and Aubrey Lovell look at a story that's been making headlines, take a look at the technology behind it, and explain why it matters to organizations and what can be learnt from it.About Rob: https://www.linkedin.com/in/rieben1/SourcesWhat are supercomputers used for:https://www.anl.gov/science-101/supercomputingToday I learned: https://www.england.nhs.uk/2025/05/nhs-first-in-world-to-roll-out-revolutionary-blood-test-for-cancer-patients/https://www.theguardian.com/society/2025/may/29/revolutionary-dna-blood-test-to-offer-thousands-in-england-tailored-cancer-careThis week in history:https://www.esa.int/About_Us/50_years_of_ESA/50_years_of_humans_in_space/First_woman_in_space_Valentina

It was a wild weekend. Donald Trump presided over a military parade on his birthday while an estimated 5 million Americans protested around the country. Phil, Skye, and Kaitlyn discuss the optics of both events and ask, with America's divided politics and media silos, is protesting still effective? They also unpack a new article by Abby McCloskey in CT that argues evangelicalism's focus on a private, personalized faith undermines learning, curiosity, and exercising the mind. Then, theologian and Holy Post Pundit, Michael Bird, is back. He offers an outsider's perspective on Trump's military parade, the “No Kings” protests, and why he thinks more Christians should be concerned about the suspension of habeas corpus. Also this week: More '50s slang and an update on Ed the zebra. Holy Post Plus: Getting Schooled - Ethics of Exile 101: https://www.patreon.com/posts/130879694/   Ad-Free Version of this Episode: https://www.patreon.com/posts/131691890/   0:00 - Show Starts   3:25 - Theme Song   3:50 - Sponsor - Timeless designs, great fabrics. Perfect swimwear for your kids this summer! Check out Minnow at https://www.shopminnow.com enter SHOPMINNOW15 for 15% off your first order.   4:57 - Sponsor - AG1 - Heavily researched, thoroughly purity-tested, and filled with stuff you need. Go to https://www.drinkag1.com/HOLYPOST   6:18 - 50's Slang   9:44 - Ed the Zebra's Return!   14:35 - Military Parade   23:48 - What Does Protest Do?   32:05 - The Christian Mind Out of Practice   47:30 - Teaching Essentials of the Faith   50:21 -  Sponsor - Rocket Money - Find and cancel your old subscriptions with Rocket Money at https://www.rocketmoney.com/HOLYPOST   51:28- Sponsor - World Relief - Join The Path as a monthly partner with World Relief! https://www.worldrelief.org/stand   52:24 - Interview   59:30 - Polarization of the Military   1:10:05 - Right to Protest   1:19:45 - End Credits   Links from News Segment: A Christian Mind Out of Practice by Abby McCloskey: https://www.christianitytoday.com/2025/06/christian-mind-out-of-practice-mark-noll-discipleship/ Other Resources: Read the Introduction to Skye's new book and sign up to Holy Post Plus to follow along as the book is written: holypost.com/book   Holy Post website: https://www.holypost.com/   Holy Post Plus: www.holypost.com/plus   Holy Post Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/holypost   Holy Post Merch Store: https://www.holypost.com/shop   The Holy Post is supported by our listeners. We may earn affiliate commissions through links listed here. As an Amazon Associate, we earn from qualifying purchases.  

Watch here: https://youtu.be/-NaJolceTlI Robert Forsyth interviews Dr. Michael Bird, who reflects on the relationship between liberalism and Christianity. Bird acknowledges the strengths of liberalism—its emphasis on individual liberty, pluralism, and democratic governance—but warns that when liberalism becomes detached from its Christian moral and philosophical roots, it risks undermining the very values it seeks to uphold. He argues that a purely secular liberalism can drift into relativism or moral vacuity, leaving society vulnerable to fragmentation. For liberal democracy to thrive, Bird suggests, it must remain tethered to a deeper moral vision—one that Christianity has historically provided.

How do you make the world's fastest supercomputer? This week, Technology Now dives into the world of supercomputers, and how El Capitan, the world's largest supercomputer, was built. We will explore the software and hardware requirements as well as investigating the physical requirements needed to even be able to run a supercomputer on your premises. Bronis de Supinski, CTO of Livermore Computing at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, tells us more.This is Technology Now, a weekly show from Hewlett Packard Enterprise. Every week, hosts Michael Bird and Aubrey Lovell look at a story that's been making headlines, take a look at the technology behind it, and explain why it matters to organizations and what can be learnt from it.About Bronis: https://www.linkedin.com/in/bronis-de-supinski-607a441/SourcesEl Capitanhttps://www.hpe.com/us/en/newsroom/press-release/2024/11/hewlett-packard-enterprise-delivers-worlds-fastest-direct-liquid-cooled-exascale-supercomputer-el-capitan-for-lawrence-livermore-national-laboratory.htmlWhat are FLOPShttps://www.techtarget.com/whatis/definition/FLOPS-floating-point-operations-per-secondToday I LearnedMa. Y., et all, 2025, Near-infrared spatiotemporal colour vision in humans enabled by upconversion contact lenses, ISSN 0092-8674, 10.1016/j.cell.2025.04.019 https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(25)00454-4This Week in Historyhttps://www.bbc.co.uk/future/article/20201028-history-of-the-ballpoint-penhttps://spinoff.nasa.gov/space-pens

Can you measure time without something moving? Neil deGrasse Tyson and comedian Chuck Nice tackle your cosmic questions, from the Silurian Hypothesis to singularities to the edge of the known universe. NOTE: StarTalk+ Patrons can listen to this entire episode commercial-free here: https://startalkmedia.com/show/cosmic-queries-renaming-time/Thanks to our Patrons Mary Virdeh, Michael Bird, Andrew Knowlton, Larimore, Kat S, Todd Ferguson, Michael Lynch, Jimmy Fitzgerald, Lee Coble, Laura Rocha, Alexis Blanchette, John, John Millen, Rick FlyFish, Sam Cranch, CodeBard, Harper, Sean McCaul, Cameron Jeanes, Caryl-Robin D, Vinay Kashyap, Jessica Munson, Robert Bigford, octavius sligh, Pattie B, Aziz Oujana Gilbert, Timothy Custard, Ann White, Lee Booze, Fran G, Aurel, Nathan Pond, Lisa N, Mark Gruber, Noe G, Don Morgan, Cherry Jubilee Joyfully, Nick Costella, Erin Thompson, Micheal Muschal, Dan Mack, Andrew Brockert, Brian Schelp, Del, Quincy Jenkins, Amanda Byrd, Dorian Vaughn, Dan Maske, Rattana, Song Zheng, adiMan, and Joseph Wilkerson for supporting us this week. Subscribe to SiriusXM Podcasts+ to listen to new episodes of StarTalk Radio ad-free and a whole week early.Start a free trial now on Apple Podcasts or by visiting siriusxm.com/podcastsplus.

How do we prepare our cybersecurity for a post quantum world? This week, Technology Now explores how security experts are looking to future-proofing their work. We will examine the hurdles to post-quantum security, the underlying ways in which our data is protected, and we will be delving into the underground world of “harvest now, decrypt later”. Dr Sarah McCarthy tells us more. This is Technology Now, a weekly show from Hewlett Packard Enterprise. Every week, hosts Michael Bird and Aubrey Lovell look at a story that's been making headlines, take a look at the technology behind it, and explain why it matters to organizations and what can be learnt from it. About Dr Sarah McCarthy: https://www.linkedin.com/in/sarahmccarthyphd/?originalSubdomain=ca SourcesQuantum computing chip: https://blog.google/technology/research/google-willow-quantum-chip/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c791ng0zvl3oNIST Post Quantum Standards: https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2024/08/nist-releases-first-3-finalized-post-quantum-encryption-standardsMartian aurora: https://science.nasa.gov/solar-system/planets/mars/nasa-observes-first-visible-light-auroras-at-mars/Rutherford's Lecture: https://web.lemoyne.edu/giunta/ruth1920.htmlJames Chadwick: https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1935/chadwick/biographical/

Where do you create an AI? This week, Technology Now explores the world of AI factories, dedicated spaces for building bespoke artificial intelligence software. We look into what these factories are, how they work, and we examine the importance of them going forward. Iveta Lohovska tells us more. This is Technology Now, a weekly show from Hewlett Packard Enterprise. Every week, hosts Michael Bird and Aubrey Lovell look at a story that's been making headlines, take a look at the technology behind it, and explain why it matters to organizations and what can be learnt from it. More about this week's guest: https://www.linkedin.com/in/iveta-lohovska-40210362/?originalSubdomain=atEnergy to train an LLM: https://www.economist.com/technology-quarterly/2024/01/29/data-centres-improved-greatly-in-energy-efficiency-as-they-grew-massively-largerToday I Learnt: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adu9368 This Week in History:https://eclipse2017.nasa.gov/testing-general-relativityhttps://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/einstein/energy/special-relativityhttps://web.lemoyne.edu/giunta/ruth1920.html

How can we prevent people misusing technology to harm others? This week, Technology Now investigates how technology can be used as a weapon against others. We ask how technology has been utilized by bad faith actors in this way and we examine whose responsibility it is to prevent this misuse of technology. Joanne O'Connor from HPE's cybersecurity organization and founder of Ireland's National Cyber Security Awareness Taskforce tells us more.This is Technology Now, a weekly show from Hewlett Packard Enterprise. Every week, hosts Michael Bird and Aubrey Lovell look at a story that's been making headlines, take a look at the technology behind it, and explain why it matters to organizations and what can be learnt from it.About Joanne O'Connor: https://www.linkedin.com/in/joanne-oconnor-/?originalSubdomain=ieSources:Refuge, UK Charity: https://refuge.org.uk/news/refuge-calls-for-tech-facilitated-abuse-to-be-a-priority-in-government-vawg-strategy-following-the-charitys-inaugural-tech-safety-summit/Technology abuse in fast fashion: https://blog.policy.manchester.ac.uk/posts/2024/07/modern-slavery-and-digital-technology-in-fast-fashion-the-transparency-dividend/Snake Venom:Snake venom protection by a cocktail of varespladib and broadly neutralizing human antibodies, Glanville, Jacob et al., Cell, Volume 0, Issue 0, 10.1016/j.cell.2025.03.050 External Linkhttps://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cr5d0l7el36oHubble First Light:https://science.nasa.gov/mission/hubble/overview/hubbles-first-light/https://science.nasa.gov/mission/hubble/observatory/design/optics/hubbles-mirror-flaw/https://science.nasa.gov/mission/hubble/overview/the-history-of-hubble/

How do we make artificial intelligence more intelligent? This week, Technology Now dives deep into the world of AI agents and how they interact with large language models. We ask what are some of the current problems with AI, and examine how applying agents can help artificial intelligence to provide better answers to our questions. Jimmy Whitaker, Chief Scientist in the AI Private Cloud Group at HPE, tells us more.This is Technology Now, a weekly show from Hewlett Packard Enterprise. Every week, hosts Michael Bird and Aubrey Lovell look at a story that's been making headlines, take a look at the technology behind it, and explain why it matters to organizations and what can be learnt from it.Jimmy Whitaker: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jimmymwhitaker/Sources cited in this week's episode:Today I learned: https://www.simonsfoundation.org/2025/04/29/flares-from-magnetized-stars-can-forge-planets-worth-of-gold-other-heavy-elements/Anirudh Patel et al., 2025, Direct Evidence for r-process Nucleosynthesis in Delayed MeV Emission from the SGR 1806–20 Magnetar Giant Flare, ApJL 984 L29, DOI 10.3847/2041-8213/adc9b0This week in history:Strassburg MA. The global eradication of smallpox. Am J Infect Control. 1982 May;10(2):53-9. doi: 10.1016/0196-6553(82)90003-7. PMID: 7044193.Muyembe JJ, et al, 2024, Ebola Outbreak Response in the DRC with r-VSV-ZEBOV-GP Ring Vaccination, The New England Journal of Medicine, 2024;391:2327-2336, VOL. 391 NO.24, https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa1904387https://www.who.int/health-topics/poliomyelitis#tab=tab_1

Why would someone want a 3D digital twin? This week Technology Now dives into the topic of digital twins, what they are and why they're used. What are the challenges faced when trying to build and use a SD digital twin, and what are the benefits these twins bring to companies which use them? Sebastian Schwarz, General Manager at NetAllied, tells us more.This is Technology Now, a weekly show from Hewlett Packard Enterprise. Every week, hosts Michael Bird and Aubrey Lovell look at a story that's been making headlines, take a look at the technology behind it, and explain why it matters to organizations and what can be learnt from it.Sources:Today I Learned:James Fong et al., Novel color via stimulation of individual photoreceptors at population scale.Sci. Adv.11,eadu1052(2025).DOI:10.1126/sciadv.adu1052 https://www.cis.rit.edu/people/faculty/montag/vandplite/pages/chap_9/ch9p1.html#:~:text=Rods%20are%20responsible%20for%20vision,responsible%20for%20high%20spatial%20acuity.This Week In History:https://www.postalmuseum.org/collections/highlights/the-first-ever-stamp-the-penny-black/ https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-48844278

Why would someone want a 3D digital twin? This week Technology Now dives into the topic of digital twins, what they are and why they're used. What are the challenges faced when trying to build and use a SD digital twin, and what are the benefits these twins bring to companies which use them? Sebastian Schwarz, General Manager at NetAllied, tells us more.This is Technology Now, a weekly show from Hewlett Packard Enterprise. Every week, hosts Michael Bird and Aubrey Lovell look at a story that's been making headlines, take a look at the technology behind it, and explain why it matters to organizations and what can be learnt from it.Sources:Today I Learned:James Fong et al., Novel color via stimulation of individual photoreceptors at population scale.Sci. Adv.11,eadu1052(2025).DOI:10.1126/sciadv.adu1052 https://www.cis.rit.edu/people/faculty/montag/vandplite/pages/chap_9/ch9p1.html#:~:text=Rods%20are%20responsible%20for%20vision,responsible%20for%20high%20spatial%20acuity.This Week In History:https://www.postalmuseum.org/collections/highlights/the-first-ever-stamp-the-penny-black/ https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-48844278

Why would someone want a 3D digital twin? This week Technology Now dives into the topic of digital twins, what they are and why they're used. What are the challenges faced when trying to build and use a SD digital twin, and what are the benefits these twins bring to companies which use them? Sebastian Schwarz, General Manager at NetAllied, tells us more.This is Technology Now, a weekly show from Hewlett Packard Enterprise. Every week, hosts Michael Bird and Aubrey Lovell look at a story that's been making headlines, take a look at the technology behind it, and explain why it matters to organizations and what can be learnt from it.Sources:Today I Learned:James Fong et al., Novel color via stimulation of individual photoreceptors at population scale.Sci. Adv.11,eadu1052(2025).DOI:10.1126/sciadv.adu1052 https://www.cis.rit.edu/people/faculty/montag/vandplite/pages/chap_9/ch9p1.html#:~:text=Rods%20are%20responsible%20for%20vision,responsible%20for%20high%20spatial%20acuity.This Week In History:https://www.postalmuseum.org/collections/highlights/the-first-ever-stamp-the-penny-black/ https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-48844278

 What's the current state of the cybersecurity world? This week, Technology Now explores the biggest threats we currently face, the way companies and businesses are securing themselves, and the future of cybersecurity. Our reporter, Jaye Tillson, is at the RSA Conference in San Francisco where he is joined by Jon Green, Chief Technology Officer and Chief Security Officer at HPE Networking, John Spiegel, CTO of Security and HPE Distinguished Technologist, and Gram Ludlow, a Security Product Line Manager at HPE, to tell us more.This is Technology Now, a weekly show from Hewlett Packard Enterprise. Every week, hosts Michael Bird and Aubrey Lovell look at a story that's been making headlines, take a look at the technology behind it, and explain why it matters to organizations and what can be learnt from it.About our contributorsJaye Tillson: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jaye-tillson/Jon Green: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jongreen4John Spiegel: https://www.linkedin.com/in/john-spiegel-2011543/Gram Ludlow: https://www.linkedin.com/in/gramludlow/Sources:Statista report: https://www.statista.com/statistics/305027/revenue-global-security-technology-and-services-market/RSA Conference: https://www.rsaconference.com/about/Today I Learned: Stretchable batteries Mohsen Mohammadi et al., Make it flow from solid to liquid: Redox-active electrofluids for intrinsically stretchable batteries.Sci. Adv.11,eadr9010(2025).DOI:10.1126/sciadv.adr9010This week in history: https://www.pbs.org/transistor/background1/events/icinv.html https://www.americanscientist.org/article/intel-insider3 

 What's the current state of the cybersecurity world? This week, Technology Now explores the biggest threats we currently face, the way companies and businesses are securing themselves, and the future of cybersecurity. Our reporter, Jaye Tillson, is at the RSA Conference in San Francisco where he is joined by Jon Green, Chief Technology Officer and Chief Security Officer at HPE Networking, John Spiegel, CTO of Security and HPE Distinguished Technologist, and Gram Ludlow, a Security Product Line Manager at HPE, to tell us more.This is Technology Now, a weekly show from Hewlett Packard Enterprise. Every week, hosts Michael Bird and Aubrey Lovell look at a story that's been making headlines, take a look at the technology behind it, and explain why it matters to organizations and what can be learnt from it.About our contributorsJaye Tillson: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jaye-tillson/Jon Green: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jongreen4John Spiegel: https://www.linkedin.com/in/john-spiegel-2011543/Gram Ludlow: https://www.linkedin.com/in/gramludlow/Sources:Statista report: https://www.statista.com/statistics/305027/revenue-global-security-technology-and-services-market/RSA Conference: https://www.rsaconference.com/about/Today I Learned: Stretchable batteries Mohsen Mohammadi et al., Make it flow from solid to liquid: Redox-active electrofluids for intrinsically stretchable batteries.Sci. Adv.11,eadr9010(2025).DOI:10.1126/sciadv.adr9010This week in history: https://www.pbs.org/transistor/background1/events/icinv.html https://www.americanscientist.org/article/intel-insider3 

 What's the current state of the cybersecurity world? This week, Technology Now explores the biggest threats we currently face, the way companies and businesses are securing themselves, and the future of cybersecurity. Our reporter, Jaye Tillson, is at the RSA Conference in San Francisco where he is joined by Jon Green, Chief Technology Officer and Chief Security Officer at HPE Networking, John Spiegel, CTO of Security and HPE Distinguished Technologist, and Gram Ludlow, a Security Product Line Manager at HPE, to tell us more.This is Technology Now, a weekly show from Hewlett Packard Enterprise. Every week, hosts Michael Bird and Aubrey Lovell look at a story that's been making headlines, take a look at the technology behind it, and explain why it matters to organizations and what can be learnt from it.About our contributorsJaye Tillson: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jaye-tillson/Jon Green: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jongreen4John Spiegel: https://www.linkedin.com/in/john-spiegel-2011543/Gram Ludlow: https://www.linkedin.com/in/gramludlow/Sources:Statista report: https://www.statista.com/statistics/305027/revenue-global-security-technology-and-services-market/RSA Conference: https://www.rsaconference.com/about/Today I Learned: Stretchable batteries Mohsen Mohammadi et al., Make it flow from solid to liquid: Redox-active electrofluids for intrinsically stretchable batteries.Sci. Adv.11,eadr9010(2025).DOI:10.1126/sciadv.adr9010This week in history: https://www.pbs.org/transistor/background1/events/icinv.html https://www.americanscientist.org/article/intel-insider3 

 What does it mean for artificial intelligence to be sovereign? This week, Technology Now explores how more than just data can be sovereign, our AI models using the data can be too. We ask what it actually means for AI models to be sovereign and why companies, and indeed entire countries, would be interested in this concept. Andreas Geiss, Vice-President Automotive & Manufacturing at Aleph Alpha tells us more. This is Technology Now, a weekly show from Hewlett Packard Enterprise. Every week, hosts Michael Bird and Aubrey Lovell look at a story that's been making headlines, take a look at the technology behind it, and explain why it matters to organizations and what can be learnt from it.Andreas Geiss: https://www.linkedin.com/in/andreas-geissSources cited in this week's episode:Data Privacy Framework:https://www.dataprivacyframework.gov/Program-Overviewhttps://www.infosecurityeurope.com/en-gb/blog/regulation-and-policy/eu-us-data-transfer-challenges.html Photonic chips: Ahmed, S.R., Baghdadi, R., Bernadskiy, M. et al. Universal photonic artificial intelligence acceleration. Nature 640, 368–374 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-08854-xhttps://www.reuters.com/science/lightmatter-shows-new-type-computer-chip-that-could-reduce-ai-energy-use-2025-04-09/History of the cordless home phone:https://www.britishtelephones.com/hawk.htmhttp://www.samhallas.co.uk/repository/sales/cp-ms_43.pdf 

 What does it mean for artificial intelligence to be sovereign? This week, Technology Now explores how more than just data can be sovereign, our AI models using the data can be too. We ask what it actually means for AI models to be sovereign and why companies, and indeed entire countries, would be interested in this concept. Andreas Geiss, Vice-President Automotive & Manufacturing at Aleph Alpha tells us more. This is Technology Now, a weekly show from Hewlett Packard Enterprise. Every week, hosts Michael Bird and Aubrey Lovell look at a story that's been making headlines, take a look at the technology behind it, and explain why it matters to organizations and what can be learnt from it.Andreas Geiss: https://www.linkedin.com/in/andreas-geissSources cited in this week's episode:Data Privacy Framework:https://www.dataprivacyframework.gov/Program-Overviewhttps://www.infosecurityeurope.com/en-gb/blog/regulation-and-policy/eu-us-data-transfer-challenges.html Photonic chips: Ahmed, S.R., Baghdadi, R., Bernadskiy, M. et al. Universal photonic artificial intelligence acceleration. Nature 640, 368–374 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-08854-xhttps://www.reuters.com/science/lightmatter-shows-new-type-computer-chip-that-could-reduce-ai-energy-use-2025-04-09/History of the cordless home phone:https://www.britishtelephones.com/hawk.htmhttp://www.samhallas.co.uk/repository/sales/cp-ms_43.pdf 

 What does it mean for artificial intelligence to be sovereign? This week, Technology Now explores how more than just data can be sovereign, our AI models using the data can be too. We ask what it actually means for AI models to be sovereign and why companies, and indeed entire countries, would be interested in this concept. Andreas Geiss, Vice-President Automotive & Manufacturing at Aleph Alpha tells us more. This is Technology Now, a weekly show from Hewlett Packard Enterprise. Every week, hosts Michael Bird and Aubrey Lovell look at a story that's been making headlines, take a look at the technology behind it, and explain why it matters to organizations and what can be learnt from it.Andreas Geiss: https://www.linkedin.com/in/andreas-geissSources cited in this week's episode:Data Privacy Framework:https://www.dataprivacyframework.gov/Program-Overviewhttps://www.infosecurityeurope.com/en-gb/blog/regulation-and-policy/eu-us-data-transfer-challenges.html Photonic chips: Ahmed, S.R., Baghdadi, R., Bernadskiy, M. et al. Universal photonic artificial intelligence acceleration. Nature 640, 368–374 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-08854-xhttps://www.reuters.com/science/lightmatter-shows-new-type-computer-chip-that-could-reduce-ai-energy-use-2025-04-09/History of the cordless home phone:https://www.britishtelephones.com/hawk.htmhttp://www.samhallas.co.uk/repository/sales/cp-ms_43.pdf 

In this 300th episode of Exegetically Speaking, we hear once again from Dr. Michael Bird. This time he is highlighting how the knowledge of Greek enables us to understand alternative interpretations of a critical Pauline passage. What do Paul's uses of the perfect tense and genitive case convey in speaking of participation in Christ's crucifixion and the life of faith? Prof. Bird is Deputy Principal and Lecturer in New Testament at Ridley College (Melbourne, Australia). His many publications include Romans: Greek-English Interlinear | Paraphrase | Study Notes, Jesus among the gods: Early Christology in the Greco-Roman World, and (with N. T. Wright) Jesus and the Powers: Christian Political Witness in an Age of Totalitarian Terror and Dysfunctional Democracies. Check out related programs at Wheaton College: B.A. in Classical Languages (Greek, Latin, Hebrew): https://bit.ly/3Y07pTQ  M.A. in Biblical Exegesis: https://bit.ly/44qhNrW 

How intertwined are AI and sustainability? This week, Technology now explores how we can do more than just use AI in a more sustainable and ethical way, we can harness it as a powerful tool to contribute to sustainability in other industries too. We ask which challenges are facing AI when it comes to sustainability and how can companies build strategies that support more efficient IT. Monica Batchelder, Chief Sustainability Officer at HPE, tells us more.This is Technology Now, a weekly show from Hewlett Packard Enterprise. Every week, hosts Michael Bird and Aubrey Lovell look at a story that's been making headlines, take a look at the technology behind it, and explain why it matters to organizations and what can be learnt from it.Monica Batchelder: https://www.linkedin.com/in/monicabatchelder/ Sources cited in this week's episodeRaw materials for a computer: https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/der2024_en.pdfAI water consumption: https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/ai-has-environmental-problem-heres-what-world-can-do-about | https://arxiv.org/pdf/2304.03271Today I Learned:Swedish Study: Bignardi, G., Wesseldijk, L.W., Mas-Herrero, E. et al. Twin modelling reveals partly distinct genetic pathways to music enjoyment. Nat Commun16, 2904 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58123-8Norwegian Study: Jacoby, N. et al. Cross-cultural work in music cognition challenges, insights, and recommendations. Music Percept. 37, 185–195 (2020). This Week In History:Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration, 2019. First M87 event horizon telescope results. I. The shadow of the supermassive black hole. arXiv preprint arXiv:1906.11238.https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-47873592https://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/horse/the-evolution-of-horses

How intertwined are AI and sustainability? This week, Technology now explores how we can do more than just use AI in a more sustainable and ethical way, we can harness it as a powerful tool to contribute to sustainability in other industries too. We ask which challenges are facing AI when it comes to sustainability and how can companies build strategies that support more efficient IT. Monica Batchelder, Chief Sustainability Officer at HPE, tells us more.This is Technology Now, a weekly show from Hewlett Packard Enterprise. Every week, hosts Michael Bird and Aubrey Lovell look at a story that's been making headlines, take a look at the technology behind it, and explain why it matters to organizations and what can be learnt from it.Monica Batchelder: https://www.linkedin.com/in/monicabatchelder/ Sources cited in this week's episodeRaw materials for a computer: https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/der2024_en.pdfAI water consumption: https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/ai-has-environmental-problem-heres-what-world-can-do-about | https://arxiv.org/pdf/2304.03271Today I Learned:Swedish Study: Bignardi, G., Wesseldijk, L.W., Mas-Herrero, E. et al. Twin modelling reveals partly distinct genetic pathways to music enjoyment. Nat Commun16, 2904 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58123-8Norwegian Study: Jacoby, N. et al. Cross-cultural work in music cognition challenges, insights, and recommendations. Music Percept. 37, 185–195 (2020). This Week In History:Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration, 2019. First M87 event horizon telescope results. I. The shadow of the supermassive black hole. arXiv preprint arXiv:1906.11238.https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-47873592https://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/horse/the-evolution-of-horses

How can cloud computing be completely isolated from the internet? This week, Technology Now explores the next step in data storage and processing: the concept of a disconnected cloud. Why would someone want their cloud cut off like this? From a single building to an entire country, what are the security and regulatory compliance benefits?! Rich Bird, Worldwide Hybrid Cloud Marketing at HPE tells us more.This is Technology Now, a weekly show from Hewlett Packard Enterprise. Every week, hosts Michael Bird and Aubrey Lovell look at a story that's been making headlines, take a look at the technology behind it, and explain why it matters to organizations and what can be learnt from it.Sources cited in this week's episode:Gartner Report on cloud usage and spending:https://www.gartner.com/en/newsroom/press-releases/2024-11-19-gartner-forecasts-worldwide-public-cloud-end-user-spending-to-total-723-billion-dollars-in-2025History of the Cloud: https://www.bcs.org/articles-opinion-and-research/history-of-the-cloud/Dark Matter and Dark Energy (Today I Learnt):https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/research/topic/dark-energy-and-dark-matterhttps://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-01273-4https://www.newscientist.com/article/2471743-dark-energy-isnt-what-we-thought-and-that-may-transform-the-cosmos/History of Daylight Savings in the US (This Week in History):https://unrememberedhistory.com/tag/march-31-1918-daylight-saving-time/https://www.thecongressproject.com/standard-time-act-of-1918

How can cloud computing be completely isolated from the internet? This week, Technology Now explores the next step in data storage and processing: the concept of a disconnected cloud. Why would someone want their cloud cut off like this? From a single building to an entire country, what are the security and regulatory compliance benefits?! Rich Bird, Worldwide Hybrid Cloud Marketing at HPE tells us more.This is Technology Now, a weekly show from Hewlett Packard Enterprise. Every week, hosts Michael Bird and Aubrey Lovell look at a story that's been making headlines, take a look at the technology behind it, and explain why it matters to organizations and what can be learnt from it.Sources cited in this week's episode:Gartner Report on cloud usage and spending:https://www.gartner.com/en/newsroom/press-releases/2024-11-19-gartner-forecasts-worldwide-public-cloud-end-user-spending-to-total-723-billion-dollars-in-2025History of the Cloud: https://www.bcs.org/articles-opinion-and-research/history-of-the-cloud/Dark Matter and Dark Energy (Today I Learnt):https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/research/topic/dark-energy-and-dark-matterhttps://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-01273-4https://www.newscientist.com/article/2471743-dark-energy-isnt-what-we-thought-and-that-may-transform-the-cosmos/History of Daylight Savings in the US (This Week in History):https://unrememberedhistory.com/tag/march-31-1918-daylight-saving-time/https://www.thecongressproject.com/standard-time-act-of-1918

How can we minimize the energy waste from data centers? This week, Technology Now explores a potential avenue to harness a large untapped source of energy: excess heat. How much of a problem is the excess heat in the world? How much do data centers actually contribute to the problem? What, if anything, can we do to combat this? Malte Matthies, Business Development Lead for Modular Data Center - at Hewlett Packard Enterprise tells us more.This is Technology Now, a weekly show from Hewlett Packard Enterprise. Every week, hosts Michael Bird and Aubrey Lovell look at a story that's been making headlines, take a look at the technology behind it, and explain why it matters to organizations and what can be learnt from it.About this week's guest, Malte Matthies: https://www.linkedin.com/in/malte-matthies-38704660/Sources cited in this week's episode:International Energy Agency Report: https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/6b2fd954-2017-408e-bf08-952fdd62118a/Electricity2024-Analysisandforecastto2026.pdfDanfoss Whitepaper Summary: https://www.danfoss.com/en/about-danfoss/news/cf/excess-heat-is-world-s-largest-untapped-source-of-energy/New Dinosaur Discovered:https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cn7v3eln56noDidactyl therizinosaur with a preserved keratinous claw from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia | Kobayashi, Yoshitsugu et al., iScience, Volume 0, Issue 0, 112141Charles Glen King, Albert Szent- Szent-Györgyi and Vitamin Chttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23183299/https://nap.nationalacademies.org/read/11807/chapter/12#218

How can we minimize the energy waste from data centers? This week, Technology Now explores a potential avenue to harness a large untapped source of energy: excess heat. How much of a problem is the excess heat in the world? How much do data centers actually contribute to the problem? What, if anything, can we do to combat this? Malte Matthies, Business Development Lead for Modular Data Center - at Hewlett Packard Enterprise tells us more.This is Technology Now, a weekly show from Hewlett Packard Enterprise. Every week, hosts Michael Bird and Aubrey Lovell look at a story that's been making headlines, take a look at the technology behind it, and explain why it matters to organizations and what can be learnt from it.About this week's guest, Malte Matthies: https://www.linkedin.com/in/malte-matthies-38704660/Sources cited in this week's episode:International Energy Agency Report: https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/6b2fd954-2017-408e-bf08-952fdd62118a/Electricity2024-Analysisandforecastto2026.pdfDanfoss Whitepaper Summary: https://www.danfoss.com/en/about-danfoss/news/cf/excess-heat-is-world-s-largest-untapped-source-of-energy/New Dinosaur Discovered:https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cn7v3eln56noDidactyl therizinosaur with a preserved keratinous claw from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia | Kobayashi, Yoshitsugu et al., iScience, Volume 0, Issue 0, 112141Charles Glen King, Albert Szent- Szent-Györgyi and Vitamin Chttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23183299/https://nap.nationalacademies.org/read/11807/chapter/12#218

In this episode we are looking at a sector where IT and tech innovation is taking efficiency to a whole new level - manufacturing.Manufacturing is in a precarious position as an industry. In the global north, growth is largely stagnant, according to those same UN statistics. Even in high-growth economies like China, it's slowing down. It's also notoriously inefficient. So, can tech help? And if so, what does that look like? Joining us to discuss is Dan Klein, an advisor on data and digital transformation with a special interest in the manufacturing sector.This is Technology Now, a weekly show from Hewlett Packard Enterprise. Every week we look at a story that's been making headlines, take a look at the technology behind it, and explain why it matters to organizations and what we can learn from it. About this week's guest, Dan Klein: https://www.linkedin.com/in/dplklein/?originalSubdomain=uk Sources cited in this week's episode: UN stats on the state of global manufacturing: https://stat.unido.org/portal/storage/file/publications/qiip/World_Manufacturing_Production_2024_Q1.pdfStatista report on global manufacturing and efficiency: https://www.statista.com/outlook/io/manufacturing/worldwide Water on Mars: https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geology/article/52/12/939/648640/Seismic-discontinuity-in-the-Martian-crust

In this episode we are looking at a sector where IT and tech innovation is taking efficiency to a whole new level - manufacturing.Manufacturing is in a precarious position as an industry. In the global north, growth is largely stagnant, according to those same UN statistics. Even in high-growth economies like China, it's slowing down. It's also notoriously inefficient. So, can tech help? And if so, what does that look like? Joining us to discuss is Dan Klein, an advisor on data and digital transformation with a special interest in the manufacturing sector.This is Technology Now, a weekly show from Hewlett Packard Enterprise. Every week we look at a story that's been making headlines, take a look at the technology behind it, and explain why it matters to organizations and what we can learn from it. About this week's guest, Dan Klein: https://www.linkedin.com/in/dplklein/?originalSubdomain=uk Sources cited in this week's episode: UN stats on the state of global manufacturing: https://stat.unido.org/portal/storage/file/publications/qiip/World_Manufacturing_Production_2024_Q1.pdfStatista report on global manufacturing and efficiency: https://www.statista.com/outlook/io/manufacturing/worldwide Water on Mars: https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geology/article/52/12/939/648640/Seismic-discontinuity-in-the-Martian-crust

Part 2 of 2 Matt chats with Amber Dillon (PhD, Ridley College), who teaches at Eternity Bible College and Denver Seminary. In her doctoral work (supervised by New Testament scholar Michael Bird), she researched the literary portrait of John the Baptist, as depicted in the Gospel of John. In the previous episode (part 1/Ep #110), we kicked things off by discussing what goes into writing a dissertation and the necessity of being able to receive constructive criticism during the writing process. We also chatted about how women are underrepresented in evangelical academic circles and how certain historical events may have created that situation. In this episode (part 2), we talk specifically about her work on John the Baptist. How does the Gospel of John portray him in relation to the synoptic Gospels? Are their similarities and differences? Why are these questions important? And to what texts, exactly, does John refer when he describes Jesus as "the lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world?" (Jn 1:29)? +++Support the podcast via Patreon: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.patreon.com/TheBibleUnmuted⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Read Matt's blog: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠matthewhalsted.substack.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Don't forget to subscribe to The Bible (Unmuted)!

Bible scholar, prolific author, and Anglican minister Michael Bird will join us to help us understand seven important "things" about the Bible. Learn how the Bible was put together, what inspiration means, and how we can know that the Bible is true. Discover how to better ‘contend for the faith’.Become a Parshall Partner: http://moodyradio.org/donateto/inthemarket/partnersSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In this episode we are looking once again at our digital security, particularly around the state of the industry in 2025, and the way threats and consumer behaviours are evolving.We'll be looking at the adoption of new kinds of security, how VPNs are still an evolving part of the security equation, and how Security Service Edge (SSE) is beginning to be taken more seriously. Joining us to discuss is Jaye Tillson, Field CTO and Distinguished Technologist at HPE.This is Technology Now, a weekly show from Hewlett Packard Enterprise. Every week we look at a story that's been making headlines, take a look at the technology behind it, and explain why it matters to organizations and what we can learn from it. About this week's guest, Jaye Tillson: https://jayetillson.tech/ Sources cited in this week's episode:WEF 2025 cyber security report: https://www.weforum.org/publications/global-cybersecurity-outlook-2025/ Nuclear batteries: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590147825000038?via%3DihubStatistics on nuclear energy: https://www.iea.org/energy-system/electricity/nuclear-power

In this episode we are looking once again at our digital security, particularly around the state of the industry in 2025, and the way threats and consumer behaviours are evolving.We'll be looking at the adoption of new kinds of security, how VPNs are still an evolving part of the security equation, and how Security Service Edge (SSE) is beginning to be taken more seriously. Joining us to discuss is Jaye Tillson, Field CTO and Distinguished Technologist at HPE.This is Technology Now, a weekly show from Hewlett Packard Enterprise. Every week we look at a story that's been making headlines, take a look at the technology behind it, and explain why it matters to organizations and what we can learn from it. About this week's guest, Jaye Tillson: https://jayetillson.tech/ Sources cited in this week's episode:WEF 2025 cyber security report: https://www.weforum.org/publications/global-cybersecurity-outlook-2025/ Nuclear batteries: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590147825000038?via%3DihubStatistics on nuclear energy: https://www.iea.org/energy-system/electricity/nuclear-power

Part 1 of 2 Matt chats with Amber Dillon (PhD, Ridley College), who teaches at Eternity Bible College and Denver Seminary. In her doctoral work (supervised by New Testament scholar Michael Bird), she researched the literary portrait of John the Baptist, as depicted in the Gospel of John. In this episode (part 1), we kick things off by discussing what goes into writing a dissertation and the necessity of being able to receive constructive criticism during the writing process. We also chat about how women are underrepresented in evangelical academic circles and how certain historical events may have created that situation. In part 2 (Ep #111), we talk specifically about her work on John the Baptist. How does the Gospel of John portray him in relation to the synoptic Gospels? Are their similarities and differences? Why are these questions important? And to what texts, exactly, does John refer when he describes Jesus as "the lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world?" (Jn 1:29)? +++Support the podcast via Patreon: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.patreon.com/TheBibleUnmuted⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Read Matt's blog: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠matthewhalsted.substack.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Don't forget to subscribe to The Bible (Unmuted)!

In this episode we are taking a fresh look at how AI is affecting the world of cybersecurity. As we've explored on the podcast in previous episodes, artificial intelligence has opened up a whole new world of opportunities for our organizations, but it also brings fresh challenges for cybersecurity professionals.We'll be looking at the current state of play, and asking whether AI as a tool to defend us can match AI as a weapon to attack us, with guest Simon Leech, Director of the Cyber Security Centre of Excellence at HPE.This is Technology Now, a weekly show from Hewlett Packard Enterprise. Every week we look at a story that's been making headlines, take a look at the technology behind it, and explain why it matters to organizations and what we can learn from it. About this week's guest, Karim Abou Zahab: https://www.linkedin.com/in/karim-abouzahab/Sources cited in this week's episode:McKinsey report into AI use: https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/quantumblack/our-insights/the-state-of-ai Statista report into cybercrime costs:  https://www.statista.com/forecasts/1280009/cost-cybercrime-worldwide  Improvements to swarm robot insects: https://news.mit.edu/2025/fast-agile-robotic-insect-could-someday-aid-mechanical-pollination-0115

In this episode we are taking a fresh look at how AI is affecting the world of cybersecurity. As we've explored on the podcast in previous episodes, artificial intelligence has opened up a whole new world of opportunities for our organizations, but it also brings fresh challenges for cybersecurity professionals.We'll be looking at the current state of play, and asking whether AI as a tool to defend us can match AI as a weapon to attack us, with guest Simon Leech, Director of the Cyber Security Centre of Excellence at HPE.This is Technology Now, a weekly show from Hewlett Packard Enterprise. Every week we look at a story that's been making headlines, take a look at the technology behind it, and explain why it matters to organizations and what we can learn from it. About this week's guest, Karim Abou Zahab: https://www.linkedin.com/in/karim-abouzahab/Sources cited in this week's episode:McKinsey report into AI use: https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/quantumblack/our-insights/the-state-of-ai Statista report into cybercrime costs:  https://www.statista.com/forecasts/1280009/cost-cybercrime-worldwide  Improvements to swarm robot insects: https://news.mit.edu/2025/fast-agile-robotic-insect-could-someday-aid-mechanical-pollination-0115

In this episode we are looking at how technology is allowing us to bring together the potentially dozens or even hundreds of different IT services and systems - from hardware to software and cloud - in use throughout our organizations.It's an idea known as ‘convergence', which has been years in the making, but with the rise of AI and edge computing, is finally becoming a reality.So, why has it taken so long to happen… And are we there yet? Well to find out, we're joined this week by Taruna Gandhi, Head of Product Marketing at Opsramp.This is Technology Now, a weekly show from Hewlett Packard Enterprise. Every week we look at a story that's been making headlines, take a look at the technology behind it, and explain why it matters to organizations and what we can learn from it. About this week's guest, Karim Abou Zahab: https://www.linkedin.com/in/karim-abouzahabSources cited in this week's episode:Deloitte report into IT efficiency savings: https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/us/Documents/technology-media-telecommunications/blue-prism-white-paper-final.pdf Lab grown dog food: https://meatly.pet/meatly-launches-worlds-first-cultivated-pet-food/

In this episode we are looking at how technology is allowing us to bring together the potentially dozens or even hundreds of different IT services and systems - from hardware to software and cloud - in use throughout our organizations.It's an idea known as ‘convergence', which has been years in the making, but with the rise of AI and edge computing, is finally becoming a reality.So, why has it taken so long to happen… And are we there yet? Well to find out, we're joined this week by Taruna Gandhi, Head of Product Marketing at Opsramp.This is Technology Now, a weekly show from Hewlett Packard Enterprise. Every week we look at a story that's been making headlines, take a look at the technology behind it, and explain why it matters to organizations and what we can learn from it. About this week's guest, Karim Abou Zahab: https://www.linkedin.com/in/karim-abouzahabSources cited in this week's episode:Deloitte report into IT efficiency savings: https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/us/Documents/technology-media-telecommunications/blue-prism-white-paper-final.pdf Lab grown dog food: https://meatly.pet/meatly-launches-worlds-first-cultivated-pet-food/

In this episode we are taking a trip high above the Earth, and looking at how we are storing our data in space – in particular, how testbeds for running consumer-grade drives on the International Space Station are redefining the edge computing capabilities of future missions to the moon and beyond. Joining us to discuss is Tyler Nelson, Director of KIOXIA's Innovation Lab and Technical Marketing Team.This is Technology Now, a weekly show from Hewlett Packard Enterprise. Every week we look at a story that's been making headlines, take a look at the technology behind it, and explain why it matters to organizations and what we can learn from it. About this week's guest, Tyler Nelson: https://www.linkedin.com/in/tylercnelson/ Sources cited in this week's episode:Temperature stats for outer space: https://www.spaceclick.com/blog/how-to-store-data-in-outer-space/Technology Now episode on Spaceborne Computer 2: https://link.chtbl.com/TechnologyNow_052 ‘Oldest bubbles' recovered in Antarctica: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cwypyg4vq8ko

In this episode we are taking a trip high above the Earth, and looking at how we are storing our data in space – in particular, how testbeds for running consumer-grade drives on the International Space Station are redefining the edge computing capabilities of future missions to the moon and beyond. Joining us to discuss is Tyler Nelson, Director of KIOXIA's Innovation Lab and Technical Marketing Team.This is Technology Now, a weekly show from Hewlett Packard Enterprise. Every week we look at a story that's been making headlines, take a look at the technology behind it, and explain why it matters to organizations and what we can learn from it. About this week's guest, Tyler Nelson: https://www.linkedin.com/in/tylercnelson/ Sources cited in this week's episode:Temperature stats for outer space: https://www.spaceclick.com/blog/how-to-store-data-in-outer-space/Technology Now episode on Spaceborne Computer 2: https://link.chtbl.com/TechnologyNow_052 ‘Oldest bubbles' recovered in Antarctica: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cwypyg4vq8ko

In this episode, we're drilling into something that's arguably under-discussed: How to make IT itself more sustainable through the life cycle of its products. We'll be talking about how we can build sustainability into our products and why it's important to think about sustainability at every step of the product life cycle, with Karim Abou Zahab, principal technologist for sustainable transformation at HPE's Living Progress organisation.This is Technology Now, a weekly show from Hewlett Packard Enterprise. Every week we look at a story that's been making headlines, take a look at the technology behind it, and explain why it matters to organizations and what we can learn from it. About this week's guest, Karim Abou Zahab: https://www.linkedin.com/in/karim-abouzahab/?originalSubdomain=es Sources cited in this week's episode:IAEA stats on data centre energy usage: https://www.iea.org/energy-system/buildings/data-centres-and-data-transmission-networksEV lifespan report: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-024-01698-1

It's hard to fathom, but in the United States Reformed Christians make up a very small percentage of protestant congregations and congregants. That means that publishing houses that are much bigger than Reformation Heritage books and personalities with a bigger reach than R.C. Sproul exert significant influence over a much broader swath of American evangelicals than small, reformed outfits. One such influential publisher is Zondervan publishers, a media company and printer founded almost a hundred years ago that is the publisher of the popular NIV Bible translation, which has sold over 450 million copies. Zondervan brings in over $100 million annually.  Today, Zondervan is publishing their new “Upside-Down Kingdom Bible”. It is edited by none other than Preston Sprinkle, who is an author and speaker that has said in the past that “The church will look more like Jesus if it has more trans people in it, not fewer.” Packed full on contributions from Michael Bird, Jamar Tisby, Francis Chan, and others, this one is sure to leave off your wish list. This episode is brought to you by our premier sponsors, Armored republic and Reece fund, as well as our patreon members and donors. You can join our patreon at https://patreon.com/rightresponseministries or you can donate at https://rightresponseministries.com/donate. Tune in today as we discuss Zondervan's political Bible, Preston Sprinkle, and how to combat the insidious lies of big evangelicalism with Dr. Jared Moore. *MINISTRY SPONSORS:* *Private Family Banking* How to Connect with Private Family Banking: 1. FREE 20-MINUTE COURSE HERE: ⁠https://www.canva.com/design/DAF2TQVcA10/WrG1FmoJYp9o9oUcAwKUdA/view⁠ 2. Send an email inquiry to ⁠chuck@privatefamilybanking.com⁠ 3. Receive a FREE e-book entitled "How to Build Multi-Generational Wealth Outside of Wall Street and Avoid the Coming Banking Meltdown", by going to ⁠https://www.protectyourmoneynow.net⁠ 4. Set up a FREE Private Family Banking Discovery call using this ⁠link: https://calendly.com/familybankingnow/30min⁠ 5. For a Multi-Generational Wealth Planning Guide Book for only $4.99, use this link for my affiliate relationship with "Seven Generations Legacy": ⁠https://themoneyadvantage.idevaffiliate.com/13.html⁠ *Armored Republic ⁠https://www.ar500armor.com/ *Dominion: Wealth Strategists* is a full-service financial planning and wealth management firm dedicated to putting more money in the hands of the church. With an education focused approach, they will help you take dominion over your finances. https://reformed.money/

Wisdom Nutrition https://trywisdomnow.com/toddStock up on Wisdom for 33% off plus free shipping. Visit trywisdomnow.com/todd.Alan's Soaps https://www.alansartisansoaps.comUse coupon code ‘TODD' to save an additional 10% off the bundle price.Bonefrog https://bonefrogcoffee.com/toddMake Bonefrog Cold Brew at home!  Use code TODD at checkout to receive 10% off your first purchase and 15% on subscriptions.Bulwark Capital Bulwark Capital Management (bulwarkcapitalmgmt.com)Don't miss the next live Webinar Thursday January 30th at 3:30pm pacific.  Sign up today by calling 866-779-RISK or go to KnowYourRiskRadio.com.Renue Healthcare https://renue.healthcare/toddYour journey to a better life starts at Renue Healthcare. Visit renue.healthcare/ToddThe California fires are showing us a lot of things. When theory meets application, Liberals find their inner Conservative. The Pete Hegseth hearings shine a light on the desperation of Democrats. And no, Michael Bird, Universal Healthcare installed by the government does not mean it's ordained by God.Episode Links:Some people in California refused to evacuateThis is an incredible story. A man stayed behind in Pacific Palisades, and using only a garden hose, was able to save his house.OBAMA'S PRAISE OF LA MAYOR KAREN BASS IN 2022 - “I'm confident you're gonna be an outstanding mayor of LA.”. That didn't age well…Bill Gates: The government may not be good at handling epidemics, but at least they're good at handling fires.Pete Hegseth answers Senator Wokeahontis's question honestly and the crowd busts out laughing.   Tim Kaine attempts to corner Pete Hegseth on issues of sexual impropriety Maggie Hirano, from Hawaii, who has never accomplished anything other than getting elected, tried a gotcha question with Pete Hegseth.Capitol Police Officer Who Fatally Shot Ashli Babbitt Speaks OutSen. Mullin Destroys Democrat Hypocrisy. He completely owns them. Well done!Michael Bird pretends universal healthcare is innately godly … which he then goes on to prove is not true.