Podcasts about aqueous

On this episode of Gamut Watch, we take a closer look at the smallest printer we've ever reviewed—the 13" Canon imagePROGRAF PRO-310! Don't let its compact size fool you; this printer packs a punch when it comes to professional-quality prints, color accuracy, and advanced features. We'll dive into its key specifications, performance, and who this printer is best suited for. Whether you're a photographer, graphic designer, or small business owner, you won't want to miss this review!Canon imagePROGRAF PRO-310 Printer - Available at IT Supplies!https://itsupplies.com/canon-imageprograf-pro-310-13in-professional-wireless-inkjet-photo-printerStill have questions regarding the Canon imagePROGRAF PRO-310 Printer? Call 1-800-771-9665 and ask to talk to one of our commercial sales specialists or visit our website https://www.itsupplies.com.IT Supplies is your single source solution for everything relating to the perfect print. We represent some of the top manufacturers in the industry. Our full lineup includes Eco Solvent, Latex, Flat Bed, and Aqueous printers by EPSON, HP, and Canon. We also carry a large selection of Dye-Sublimation and DTG Printers by both EPSON and HP. Visit us at www.itsupplies.com

Join host Doug Glenn as he sits down with Fernando Carminholi to discuss why cleaning is a crucial step in both pre and post thermal processing to ensure quality part outcomes. Fernando offers practical guidance, discusses solvent vs. aqueous cleaning methods, common pitfalls, and upcoming EPA regulations that could impact the industry. From production to engineering to quality, there are valuable insights for everyone on optimizing cleaning process for better part quality, longer furnace life, and maintaining compliance in the latest regulatory environment. Watch | Listen | Learn Full transcript, audio, and video to this episode is located here: https://heattreattoday.com/radio

Hey there, music lovers.  Welcome to Why Music Matters, a podcast where we examine the power and influence that music can wield in our lives.  I'm your host, Jeff Miers. More than a decade back, I hopped on the bus as an embedded reporter, covering a Northeast jaunt for then up-and-coming indie band Aqueous.  I'd never met any of the band members, or their manager, Josh Holtzman, previous to that road trip.  By the end of that mini-tour, I knew that I'd laid the ground work for some friendships that, time has proven, were built to last.  Today, Josh Holtzman and his business partner Grace Vesneske are the driving force behind premier music venue Buffalo Iron Works and independent production company Twenty6 Productions.  Long before pundits were tossing around terms like “the Buffalo Renaissance,” Holtzman and Vesneske were working tirelessly to help resurrect the long-abandoned Cobblestone District of downtown Buffalo through their inventive and forward-looking booking at Iron Works. Their fighting spirit and never-say-die attitude helped them guide their businesses through the pandemic with their integrity intact. That same spirit has the pair excited about what the future holds, and what form their continuing contributions to Buffalo music and culture might take.  Welcome to Why Music Matters, Josh Holtzman and Grace Vesneske. 

On this episode, I was joined by David Simeons, Founder of Life Science Professionals and an expert in Lyophilization/Freeze-Drying. On this episode David discusses: 01:01 Recap of the Last Episode 01:23 Understanding the Freeze Drying Environment 01:46 Freeze Drying Equipment and Processes 03:01 Cleaning and Validation in Freeze Drying 03:58 Loading and Automation in Freeze Drying 06:27 Detailed Breakdown of Freeze Drying Components 15:24 Refrigeration and Temperature Control 17:25 Vacuum Systems and Filter Racks 20:18 Challenges in Freeze Drying and Validation 28:08 Advanced Freeze Drying Considerations 31:38 Conclusion and Contact Information David Simoens is a certified Project Management Professional with over a decade of project management, engineering, and validation experience. David has a strong, professional background in aseptic fill/finish, lyophilization, cytotoxic and high potency, process development, radiopharmaceuticals and enterprise quality management systems. Mr. Simoens assisted in C&Q standardization and implementation on a global level guided by ASTM E2500 and assisted in development of content for the ISPE Baseline Volume 5 guide. He led an effort to assess, pilot, implement and go-live with an electronic engineering platform for several global sites. David has designed, installed, and tested several commercial size Freeze-Dryers and Automated Loading Systems. He managed a month shutdown for one of the largest products on market. David has led high profile NPI launches for a large pharmaceutical company. Currently, he is supporting a team responsible for delivering a complex formulation system and leading strategy/operations for a midsized consulting company. David can be reached on linkedin ⁠⁠here⁠⁠ or at David@lifescienceprofessionals.com **About David Simoens:** David Simoens is a dedicated Project Management Professional with a proven track record in the pharmaceutical industry. In October 2023, he made the pivotal decision to transition from a C-Suite role at a consulting firm to embark on an entrepreneurial journey. David takes pride in being the founder of Life Science Professionals, LLC; a consulting firm committed to excellence in project management, engineering, and quality within the life sciences sector. **Key Specializations:** - Aseptic Fill/Finish including Lyophilization - New Product Introductions - Cytotoxic and High Potency Environments - Integrated Commissioning, Qualification, Validation - Radiopharmaceuticals - Business growth and optimization - Enterprise Quality Management Systems - Career coaching **Contact Information:** For all business inquiries, please reach out to David and his team at contact@lifescienceprofessionals.com. For information requests, email them at info@lifescienceprofessionals.com. Feel free to connect and message him on LinkedIn.

In this episode, we delve into the unique experiences of the ARI's 2024 Aqueous fellows, who blend Indigenous knowledge systems with Western scientific methods to explore innovative solutions in aquaculture. Hosted by Inclusive Science Communications Fellow Rida Ali, this episode features insightful conversations with fellows working on diverse projects such as oyster aquaculture, salmon restoration, and razor clams. We explore the concept of "Two-Eyed Seeing," which integrates Indigenous perspectives with Western science, providing a holistic approach to understanding and managing marine ecosystems. Whether you're a prospective Aqueous applicant or simply curious about sustainable aquaculture, this episode offers a wealth of knowledge and inspiration.

This week, Cade is joined in the lab by Shaelyn Maloney and Jeff Dailey from John I. Haas to discuss aqueous hop extracts, focusing primarily on a new Haas product called HopKick.  The Brü Lab is brought to you by Imperial Yeast who provide brewers with the most viable and fresh yeast on the market. Learn more about what Imperial Yeast has to offer at ImperialYeast.com today. | Read More | HopKick on Haas website

Uveitis is a heterogenous group of inflammatory eye diseases for which current cytokine-targeted immune therapies are effective for only a subset of patients. Dr. Edmund Tsui is joined by Dr. Lynn M. Hassman and MD/PhD student Joseph B. Lin to explore potential common underlying mechanisms that exist for immune cell recruitment in uveitis in their Ophthalmology Science article, “Aqueous macrophages contribute to conserved CCL2 and CXCL10 gradients in uveitis” Aqueous Macrophages Contribute to Conserved CCL2 and CXCL10 Gradients in Uveitis. Lin, Joseph B. et al. Ophthalmology Science, Volume 4, Issue 4. The Ophthalmology-family of journals is now on Instagram. Follow aaojournal for clinical images, research articles, news, editorials, podcasts, and more! Sign up for the next Ophthalmology Journal Virtual Club on June 19, 2024, at https://store.aao.org/ophthalmology-virtual-journal-club.html

Project to transform human sewage sludge into clean water and energy awarded a share of £4.5 million by Ofwat. Involves extracting energy from the waste produced during sewage and water treatment. Gases obtained can be used to power engines or heat people's homes. An Aston University project that could transform sewage sludge into clean water and energy has been awarded a share of £4.5 million by Ofwat. The University project with engineering consultancy ICMEA-UK involves extracting energy from the waste produced during sewage and water treatment and transforming it into hydrogen and/or methane. The gases can then be used to power engines or heat people's homes. Homes heated by human sewage The aim is to create a sustainable and cost-efficiently run wastewater processes, plus extra energy. The initiative was one of ten winners of Ofwat's Water Discovery Challenge, of which the Aston University scientists and two industrial partners have been awarded £427,000. Dr Jude Onwudili based at Aston University's Energy and Bioproducts Research Institute (EBRI) is leading the team of scientists who will work with the partners to develop a trial rig to transform solid residues from wastewater treatment plants to hydrogen and/or methane. The two-stage process will involve the initial transformation of organic components in the sludge into liquid intermediates, which will then be converted to the fuel gases in a second stage. The project is called REvAR (Renewable Energy via Aqueous-phase Reforming), and Dr Onwudili will be working with lead partner and engineering consultancy company ICMEA-UK Limited and sustainable infrastructure company Costain. REVAR combines the use of hot-pressurised water or hydrothermal conditions with catalysts to achieve high conversion efficiency. The technique can treat sewage sludge in just minutes, and it is hoped that it will replace existing processes. In 2013, a Chartered Institution of Water and Environmental Management report stated that the sector is the fourth most energy intensive industry in the UK. Dr Onwudili said: "This project is important because millions of tonnes of sewage sludge are generated in the UK each year and the water industry is struggling with how to effectively manage them as waste. "Instead, they can be converted into valuable feedstocks which are used for producing renewable fuel gases, thereby increasing the availability of feedstocks to meet UK decarbonisation targets through bioenergy. "We will be taking a waste product and recovering two important products from it: clean water and renewable energy. Overall, the novel technology will contribute towards meeting UK Net Zero obligations by 2050 and ties in with the University's purpose to make our world a better place through education, research and innovation." The Water Discovery Challenge aims to accelerate the development and adoption of promising new innovations for the water sector.?Over the next six months, winners will also receive non-financial support and will be able to pitch their projects to potential water company partners and/or investors. The 10 winning teams are from outside the water industry and were chosen because of their projects' potential to help solve the biggest challenges facing the sector. The competition is part of the Ofwat Innovation Fund, run by the water regulator Ofwat, with Challenge Works, Arup and Isle Utilities and is the first in the water sector to invite ideas from innovators across industries. Helen Campbell, senior director for sector performance at Ofwat, said: "This competition was about reaching new innovators from outside the sector with different approaches and new ideas, and that's exactly what the winners are doing. "The products and ideas recognised in this cross-sector challenge will equip water companies to better face challenges of the future - including achieving sustainability goals and meeting net zero targets - all while providing the highest-quality product for consume...

In this special episode of The Extended Gamut Podcast, we're excited to have Mike Hull and Tyler Hull from both the Slightly Serious Sign Podcast and Wensco joining us. Together, we discuss our respective businesses and explore the unique dynamic of being friendly competitors in our field.Have a question? Leave a comment below!Visit www.itsupplies.com or call us at 1-800-771-9665. IT Supplies is your single source solution for everything relating to the perfect print. We represent some of the top manufacturers in the industry. Our full lineup includes Eco Solvent, Latex, Flat Bed, and Aqueous printers by EPSON, HP, and Canon. We also carry a large selection of Dye-Sublimation and DTG Printers by both EPSON and HP. Visit us at www.itsupplies.com

In this collaborative episode of The Extended Gamut Podcast we are joined by Mike Hull and Tyler Hull of Slightly Serious Sign Podcast and Wensco! In this episode we take a deep dive into our insights and experiences from the ISA Expo 2024 held in Orlando, Florida. Have a question? Leave a comment below! Visit www.itsupplies.com or call us at 1-800-771-9665. IT Supplies is your single source solution for everything relating to the perfect print. We represent some of the top manufacturers in the industry. Our full lineup includes Eco Solvent, Latex, Flat Bed, and Aqueous printers by EPSON, HP, and Canon. We also carry a large selection of Dye-Sublimation and DTG Printers by both EPSON and HP. Visit us at www.itsupplies.com.

Andy and Jeff discuss new aqueous printers from EPSON and CANON and EPSON's newest Direct-to-Garment (DTG) printer! 00:00 - Intro 02:04 - New Printers in 2024 02:50 - New EPSON Aqueous Printer (EPSON SureColor P5370) 08:40 - Sports Gambling Apps 11:01 - New EPSON DTG Printer (EPSON SureColor F1070) 17:37 - Bitcoin 18:50 - New CANON Aqueous Photo Printers (CANON imagePROGRAF PRO-2600, PRO-4600, PRO-6600 and GP-6600S)

If the basic concept that impairment in aqueous humor outflow results in elevation of the IOP is a central tenet of glaucoma pathology and treatment; what three facts should all ophthalmologists know about aqueous humor dynamics?  Dr. Ike Ahmed and Professor Gus Gazzard sit down with Professor Carl Sheridan to answer this question. They highlight the clinical implications of understanding these dynamics while emphasizing the importance of early intervention and tissue preservation.

In the realm of water sustainability, Dr. Mirka Wilderer stands as a visionary leader, dedicated to addressing the pressing challenges that impact our world's most vital resource. With a remarkable background spanning childhood exposure to the water industry, a diverse educational journey, and a distinguished career, she is shaping the future of water treatment and management. Join us on an insightful exploration of her career, innovative solutions for water contaminants, and her unwavering commitment to making water a central focus in the global sustainability conversation. [00:17] - About Dr. Mirka Wilderer Dr. Wilderer is the President and Chief Executive Officer of Aqueous Vets. She is a YPO member. As a leading female executive in the Water Industry she has worked on four continents with experience and expertise in operations, multi-channel marketing, sales management, international mergers & acquisitions and private equity. She has recognised and felicitated several times. --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/tbcy/support

We're here to discuss Draft Method 1633 in its fourth variation. This is a joint development through DOD and EPA. PACE Analytical has been there for it all, acting as one of the essential labs in the method's development. Stephen Somerville of PACE is here for a deep dive on what's new in draft 4.Listen to learn more and subscribe to The Pulse for all the details.

On this Mike Gantzer Interview: Mike Gantzer is the founder, singer, and one of the guitarists in Aqueous. The band's released 8 studio & several LPs & toured and headlined nationally. DEEP convo here, Mike talks about some serious trauma he had to deal with as a kid, and how it impacted him… relentless touring and lessons learned (both musical and business), getting into production, trusting your gut, empathy, OCD, slowing down… and loads more cool stuff. Mike is a survivor with tons of talent, ongoing success and a bright future to look forward to: Discover Where the Money's Hiding in Today's Music Business: https://MusicReboot.com Support this show: https://www.everyonelovesguitar.com/support Subscribe & Website:  https://www.everyonelovesguitar.com/subscribe Cool Guitar & Music T-Shirts, ELG Merch!: https://www.GuitarMerch.com 

Aqueous From debut young adult novelist Jade Shyback comes the first in the Aqueous series. On the eve of Earth's collapse, young Marisol Blaise is taken to live on an underwater mersation known as Aqueous with parents not her own. There, she must compete in the trials, grueling tests designed to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of each trainee, hoping to be assigned to the all-male elite diving team known as the Cuviers. Desperate to prove to herself, the residents, and all of her parents, dead and alive, that she is worthy of this prestigious placement, she works tirelessly to shatter misogynistic beliefs, only to discover that it was not only the men who constrained her. A much uglier untruth exists.   When you click a link on our site, it might just be a magical portal (aka an affiliate link). We're passionate about only sharing the treasures we truly believe in. Every purchase made from our links not only supports Dabble but also the marvelous authors and creators we showcase, at no additional cost to you.

Aqueous From debut young adult novelist Jade Shyback comes the first in the Aqueous series. On the eve of Earth's collapse, young Marisol Blaise is taken to live on an underwater mersation known as Aqueous with parents not her own. There, she must compete in the trials, grueling tests designed to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of each trainee, hoping to be assigned to the all-male elite diving team known as the Cuviers. Desperate to prove to herself, the residents, and all of her parents, dead and alive, that she is worthy of this prestigious placement, she works tirelessly to shatter misogynistic beliefs, only to discover that it was not only the men who constrained her. A much uglier untruth exists.   When you click a link on our site, it might just be a magical portal (aka an affiliate link). We're passionate about only sharing the treasures we truly believe in. Every purchase made from our links not only supports Dabble but also the marvelous authors and creators we showcase, at no additional cost to you.

This week on Why Music Matters, I get to hang out with my friend Mike Gantzer, guitarist and vocalist with indie jam-rock quartet Aqueous, as well as side project Death Kings - with Ryan Stasik of Umphrey's McGee and Ryan Nogle of Funktional Flow. Mike has spent the past decade on the road, and during that period, Aqueous has grown from a Buffalo band to a major player in the world of jam-based music, performing across the country and at prime annual music festivals like The Peach Festival, Electric Forest and Summer Camp. With Aqueous embarking on a hiatus, Gantzer reflected on the band's first ten years, the significance of the friendships that birthed the band, and the role that music plays in his day-to-day life. Welcome to Why Music Matters, Mike Gantzer!

If you have never heard of Organ Fairchild, there is no better time than right now to start. This Buffalo based organ trio recently their sophomore record Leisure Suit, and just finished playing at the Borderland Festival, where they were joined on stage by fellow Buffalonian Mike Gantzer of Aqueous. I caught up with guitarist David Ruch to talk about all things Organ Fairchild before the aforementioned Borderland Festival. One more thing, I referred to the new record as Leisure Suite, but it's called Leisure Suit. Have a listen…   First song: He's Gone Second song: Leisure SuitSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The Daily Quiz - Science and Nature Today's Questions: Question 1: In which organ is a clear watery solution known as the "aqueous humor" found? Question 2: What Is Sodium Carbonate Better Known As Question 3: In which Scandinavian country was the lowest laboratory temperature of 280 picoKelvin achieved, surpassing the theoretical absolute zero? Question 4: Approximately how many days does it take for a baby caribou to double its weight after birth? Question 5: What is a group of whales called? Question 6: Which Road Runs From Alaska To Chile Question 7: If a robin's egg is put in vinegar for thirty days, what colour does it become? Question 8: What is 'Nitrous Oxide' more commonly known as Question 9: What is the violet variety of quartz otherwise known as? This podcast is produced by Klassic Studios Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Throwback Paperback was gifted complimentary copies of this book by the publishing house, but received no other compensation in exchange for us reading this book. This week we have a special episode covering the debut novel of Jade Shyback. She takes a new spin on dystopian literature as human society has collapsed under the burden of climate change. Society has moved under water, and now Marisol Blaise has to come to terms with growing up as the adoptive daughter of the admiral of Aqueous station. It's a dramatic and suspenseful book that kept us wanting for more.  Listen to the end for a very special announcement.  --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/throwback-paperback/support

TW: This episode includes topics of death, violence, and self harm. Please take care of yourself and only listen if these are safe topics for you. If you need to talk to someone or need further resources, you can visit the resources page for National Coalition Against Domestic Violence here: ​​https://ncadv.org/RESOURCES. Please listen at your discretion.  Throwback Paperback was gifted complimentary copies of this book by the publishing house, but received no other compensation in exchange for us reading this book. It's another intense and violent episode this week on Throwback Paperback. We're covering the second half of They Return so in addition to Francesca bringing back Leonard's friends and withering away, the other friends make and execute a plan to attack Leonard and get rid of him for good. We have a lot to say about plans as usual. There is some wonderful romance, so that is a high-note, but we also have some more withering opinions about the reading so be prepared for that.  Next week we will be reading a new book in one week, Aqueous. --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/throwback-paperback/support

Jack Brown is here to spread positivity, talk about Sophistafunk's latest journey and the show happening at the Stanley Theatre on Saturday, Feb 18 This Podcast is sponsored bySophistafunk and Friends at The Stanley TheatreSat. Feb 18 featuring Mike Gantzer from Aqueous, Sam Kininger, Joe Driscoll, and more.  Get your tickets here- https://www.thestanley.org/events/sophistafunk/Just Joe - https://www.justjoe.com/EJA Moving Service- www.ejamoving.comJoey's at 307- www.315eats.comBallsy- www.ballwash.com *Use Promo Code MEMEBERSONLY for 15% discount *Utica Coffee Roasters- www.wakethehellup.comSaranac Brewery- www.saranac.comAttorney Dave Longeretta- 315-735-6162___________________________________________________________________________________________________________Support this podcast through Virtual Tip Jar- Venmo: @xytoda Cash App: https://cash.app/AnthonyZeeDonaldson____________________________________________________________________________________________________________Get Social with The D-The D on Facebook- https://www.facebook.com/DisruptionnetworkThe D on Instagram- https://www.instagram.com/disruptionnetwork/The D on Twitter - https://twitter.com/the_D_networkThe D on YouTube- https://www.youtube.com/disruptionnetworkThe D on Twitch- https://www.twitch.tv/disruptionnetwork

Embodied Utica- click this link for more infoThis Podcast is sponsored bySophistafunk and Friends at The Stanley TheatreSat. Feb 18 featuring Mike Gantzer from Aqueous, Sam Kininger, Joe Driscoll, and more.  Get your tickets here- https://www.thestanley.org/events/sophistafunk/Just Joe - https://www.justjoe.com/EJA Moving Service- www.ejamoving.comJoey's at 307- www.315eats.comBallsy- www.ballwash.com *Use Promo Code MEMEBERSONLY for 15% discount *Utica Coffee Roasters- www.wakethehellup.comSaranac Brewery- www.saranac.comAttorney Dave Longeretta- 315-735-6162___________________________________________________________________________________________________________Support this podcast through Virtual Tip Jar- Venmo: @xytoda Cash App: https://cash.app/AnthonyZeeDonaldson____________________________________________________________________________________________________________Get Social with The D-The D on Facebook- https://www.facebook.com/DisruptionnetworkThe D on Instagram- https://www.instagram.com/disruptionnetwork/The D on Twitter - https://twitter.com/the_D_networkThe D on YouTube- https://www.youtube.com/disruptionnetworkThe D on Twitch- https://www.twitch.tv/disruptionnetwork  

Larry is in the building to talk about his new band, tell a couple of Sal Alberico Jr. stories,  why are all the best drummers Italian, and more This Podcast is sponsored bySophistafunk and Friends at The Stanley TheatreSat. Feb 18 featuring Mike Gantzer from Aqueous, Sam Kininger, Joe Driscoll, and more.  Get your tickets here- https://www.thestanley.org/events/sophistafunk/Just Joe - https://www.justjoe.com/EJA Moving Service- www.ejamoving.comJoey's at 307- www.315eats.comBallsy- www.ballwash.com *Use Promo Code MEMEBERSONLY for 15% discount *Utica Coffee Roasters- www.wakethehellup.comSaranac Brewery- www.saranac.comAttorney Dave Longeretta- 315-735-6162___________________________________________________________________________________________________________Support this podcast through Virtual Tip Jar- Venmo: @xytoda Cash App: https://cash.app/AnthonyZeeDonaldson____________________________________________________________________________________________________________Get Social with The D-The D on Facebook- https://www.facebook.com/DisruptionnetworkThe D on Instagram- https://www.instagram.com/disruptionnetwork/The D on Twitter - https://twitter.com/the_D_networkThe D on YouTube- https://www.youtube.com/disruptionnetworkThe D on Twitch- https://www.twitch.tv/disruptionnetwork

Discussion on Utica politics, Massena NY, sports, NFL playoffs, and what changes need to be done in Utica This Podcast is sponsored bySophistafunk and Friends at The Stanley TheatreSat. Feb 18 featuring Mike Gantzer from Aqueous, Sam Kininger, Joe Driscoll, and more.  Get your tickets here- https://www.thestanley.org/events/sophistafunk/Just Joe - https://www.justjoe.com/EJA Moving Service- www.ejamoving.comJoey's at 307- www.315eats.comBallsy- www.ballwash.com *Use Promo Code MEMEBERSONLY for 15% discount *Utica Coffee Roasters- www.wakethehellup.comSaranac Brewery- www.saranac.comAttorney Dave Longeretta- 315-735-6162___________________________________________________________________________________________________________Support this podcast through Virtual Tip Jar- Venmo: @xytoda Cash App: https://cash.app/AnthonyZeeDonaldson____________________________________________________________________________________________________________Get Social with The D-The D on Facebook- https://www.facebook.com/DisruptionnetworkThe D on Instagram- https://www.instagram.com/disruptionnetwork/The D on Twitter - https://twitter.com/the_D_networkThe D on YouTube- https://www.youtube.com/disruptionnetworkThe D on Twitch- https://www.twitch.tv/disruptionnetwork

Kevin and Amanda talk: Denver Comes Alive - Winter Wonder Women and Super Sonic Shorties Aqueous Hiatus Jazz Fest Line-up Announcement More New Years Moments Interview with Toni Brown, publisher of Relix for 20+ years about the Early Days of Relix, the Record Label, Hunter Guitar, Abuse in scene, Tapers All That Jam is brought to you by Executive Producers Amanda Cadran and Kevin Hogan. Produced and edited by Amanda Cadran and Kevin Hogan. Mixed and Mastered by Kevin Hogan. Original Music by Aaron Gaul. Art by Amanda Cadran.

Host Dr. Joseph Patterson interviews paper authors Drs. Gerard Slobogean, MD, and Sheila Sprague, PhD, as they discuss this study comparing two skin solutions on the risk of surgical site infection in open extremith fractures. This paper was presented at the 2022 OTA Annual Meeting. To see the abstract while you listen, as well as explore OTA CME podcast episodes, download the ConveyMED App for free: Apple Store click here  Google Play click here

Dr. Rajesh Rao speaks with his coauthors Drs. Hakan Demirci and Noah Brown about their Ophthalmology Retina article, “Aqueous Humor–Derived MYD88 L265P Mutation Analysis in Vitreoretinal Lymphoma.” Aqueous Humor–Derived MYD88 L265P Mutation Analysis in Vitreoretinal Lymphoma. Demirci, Hakan et al. Ophthalmology Retina. In press.

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.10.18.512754v1?rss=1 Authors: Stern, A. M., Yang, Y., Meunier, A. L., Liu, W., Cai, Y., Ericsson, M., Liu, L., Goedert, M., Scheres, S. H., Selkoe, D. J. Abstract: Soluble aggregates of amyloid-{beta} (A{beta}), often called oligomers, are believed to be principal drivers of neurotoxicity, spreading of pathology, and symptoms in Alzheimers disease (AD), but little is known about their structures in human brain. A{beta} oligomers have been defined as aggregates found in supernatants following ultracentrifugation of aqueous extracts. We now report the unexpected presence of abundant A{beta} fibrils in high-speed supernatants from AD brains that were extracted by soaking in aqueous buffer. The fibrils did not appear to form during extract preparation, and their numbers by EM correlated with ELISA quantification of aggregated A{beta}42. Cryo-EM structures of A{beta} fibrils from aqueous extracts were identical to those from sarkosyl-insoluble AD brain homogenates. The fibrils in aqueous extracts were immunolabeled by lecanemab, an A{beta} aggregate-directed antibody reported to improve cognitive outcomes in AD. We conclude that A{beta} fibrils are abundant in aqueous extracts from AD brains and have the same structures as those from amyloid plaques. These findings have implications for understanding the nature of A{beta} oligomers and for designing oligomer-preferring therapeutic antibodies. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.10.13.512083v1?rss=1 Authors: Lanteri, M. L., Silveyra, M. X., Moran, M. M., Boutet, S., Solis-Gozar, D.-D., Perreau, F., Andreu, A. B. Abstract: Andean potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L. ssp. andigena) are a good source of dietary antioxidant polyphenols. We have previously demonstrated that polyphenol extracts from Andean potato tubers exerted a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, being skin extracts more potent than flesh ones. In order to gain insight into the bioactivities of potato phenolics, we investigated the composition and the in vitro cytotoxic activity of total extracts and fractions of skin and flesh tubers of three Andean potato cultivars (Santa Maria, Waicha, and Moradita). Potato total extracts were subjected to liquid-liquid fractionation using ethyl acetate solvent in organic and aqueous fractions. We analyzed both fractions by HPLC-DAD, HPLC-ESI-MS/MS, and HPLC-HRMS. Results corroborated the expected composition of each fraction. Organic fractions were rich in hydroxycinnamic acids (principally chlorogenic acid isomers), whereas aqueous fractions contained mainly polyamines conjugated with phenolic acids, glycoalkaloids, and flavonoids. Organic fractions were not cytotoxic against SH-SY5Y cells, and indeed, some increased cellular metabolism compared to controls. Aqueous fractions were cytotoxic and even more potent than their respective total extracts. Treatment with a combination of both fractions showed a similar cytotoxic response to the corresponding extract. According to correlation studies, it is tempting to speculate that polyamines and glycoalkaloids are crucial in inducing cell death. Our findings indicate that the activity of Andean potato extracts is a combination of various compounds and contribute to the revalorization of potato as a functional food. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

We talk with Travis Vordick from Newpark Fluid Systems about this important question. Newpark has a fantastic case study using the same drillers and rig on the same pad to compare their latest HPWBM and NAF. The results are stunning. His article "HPWBM provides clean solutions, time and money savings in head-to-head tests against NAF" is on page 36 in the May 2022 issue of World Oil. Send questions and feedback to deepdive@worldoil.com Visit WorldOil.com for more useful technical articles and up-to-the-minute news on the upstream sector of the oil & gas industry. Special thanks to Michael Gaines from NOV for the Intro and Outro. Be sure to listen to his podcast NOV Today.

On today's show we're going to answer questions about:What is an aqueous cream?Is the Ordinary Vitamin C trustworthy?Magical sunbeam eye cream - audioFrizzy hair questionBeauty Science NewsBaby powder discontinued.Is scorpion venom the next snail slime? Celebrity beauty newsCardi B is treating her hair with onions? Stella Mccartney launches a line with LVMH Most popular beauty industry influencers Beauty Questionshttps://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/8262/pil#grefhttps://colorwowhair.com/products/dream-coat-anti-frizz-treatmentFour Ways to Ask a question -1. Send us a message through Patreon!2. You can record your question on your smart phone and email to thebeautybrains@gmail.com3. Send it to us via social media (see links below)4. Submit it through the following form - Ask a questionSocial media accountson Instagram we're at thebeautybrains2018on Twitter, we're thebeautybrainsAnd we have a Facebook pageValerie's ingredient company - Simply IngredientsBe Brainy about your Beauty!Support the show

Do you have 13 friends you could gather for a cross-country road trip from Seattle to New York and back? Not to give things away, but you'd have to make that trip in 14 Priuses in order to produce the amount of CO2 that one Growler jet produces in a single hour of flight. Not only that, but the firefighting foam used during military training  contains dangerous chemicals that have contaminated local water supplies. In this episode, climate consultant Chris Greacen (he/him) and environmental advocate and consultant Rick Abraham (he/him) tell us how the Navy is polluting the skies and the water of Whidbey Island and beyond. Listen to hear not just how these jets are contributing to massive climate impacts and contamination, but also how the Navy isn't sharing the full extent of the damage.   Resources: Learn more about the Growler jets and how to take action at: www.SoundDefenseAlliance.org Citizens of Ebey's Reserve (COER) Quiet Skies Over San Juan County Terra.Do Climate Change Course My Climate Journey Podcast The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Whidbey Environmental Action Network The EPA's updated guidance on PFAS   Glossary Terms: Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) - A government document that outlines the impact of a proposed project on its surrounding environment. In the United States, these statements are mandated by federal law for certain projects. No Action Alternative - Considers what would happen if the federal agency continued to operate and maintain the authorized project with no changes. National Environmental Protection Act (NEPA) - An act signed into law on January 1, 1970 that requires federal agencies to assess the environmental effects of their proposed actions prior to making decisions. Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) - A federal freedom of information law that requires the full or partial disclosure of previously unreleased information and documents controlled by the United States government upon request. Field Carrier Landing Practice (FCLP) - Repetitive "touch and go" landings at airfields, which simulate landing on an aircraft carrier. PFAS Chemicals - Synthetic organofluorine chemical compounds that have multiple fluorine atoms attached to an alkyl chain. They are known to persist in the environment and are commonly described as persistent organic pollutants, also known as "forever chemicals". Ault Field - The main base portion of Naval Air Station Whidbey Island (NASWI). Aqueous fire fighting foam (AFFF) - A highly effective foam used for fighting high-hazard flammable liquid fires. AFFF is usually created by combining foaming agents with fluorinated surfactants. Outlying Field (OLF) - A military airport owned and operated by the United States Navy located two miles southeast of Coupeville, Washington, on Whidbey Island. Also known as Naval Outlying Landing Field Coupeville or NOLF Coupeville.  Nature sounds recorded in the Olympic National Park (Gordon Hempton, The Sound Tracker, Co-Founder Quiet Parks International) Hosted by Terra Huey and Caitlin Epstein Produced by Caitlin Epstein in partnership with the Sound Defense Alliance

In this episode, Dr. Leah and Taraleigh chat with Mike Gantzer of Aqueous and The Death Kings about his journey to holistic health. He gets real about his recent divorce, sobriety, and how covid was the perfect time to finally establish lasting healthy habits he continues to rock! Mike talks about wellness as a whole spectrum rather than just one quick fix and shares with listeners what he's learned along his journey. For the “Did you Know,” Dr. Leah describes the physical, mental, and emotional benefits of gratitude and Taraleigh gives specific instructions on how cultivate gratitude in your life today in the “Daily Jam.”Mike Gantzer is a guitarist/vocalist in Aqueous and The Death Kings. He is also a mental health advocate and skateboard enthusiast.This podcast is available on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, or wherever you get your podcasts. Please leave us a rating or review on iTunes and join our Facebook group to dive deeper into the conversation of live music and health and wellness.Groove Therapy is brought to you by Osiris Media. To discover more podcasts that connect you more deeply to the music you love, check out osirispod.com.Visit SunsetLakeCBD.com and use the promo code GROOVE for 20% off premium CBD products. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Welcome to Roadcase!!  We are uber-psyched to have Scott Hachey of the Magic Beans on the show. Scott is a total gem of a human, with an easy smile and a super positive attitude. Having been grinding it out on the road with the Beans for the better part of a decade, Scott is a seasoned veteran of the Road, but no amount of mileage can diminish Scott's zest for life and love of what he does best: melting faces with the Beans special brand of jam-inspired grooviness. Magic Beans also have a new album coming out on July 6, entitled Unzipped --  a collection of instrumental tunes sure to become your favorite summer vibe. Scott started out by jamming with his buddies in the jam-band nexus of CU Boulder, and from there, just kept the ball rolling, touring endlessly to turn fans on and create joy. It's an inspiring story of positivity and overcoming adversity with persistence and determination that you won't want to miss. So grab a handful of beans and jump on the Roadcase bus to learn more about our favorite road warrior, Scott Hachey. It's gonna be a great ride!For more information: https://linktr.ee/roadcasepod and https://www.roadcasepod.comContact: info@roadcasepod.comTheme music:  "Eugene (Instrumental)" by Waltzer

What can you say about Mike Konrad? A successful entrepreneur, a maverick, a cleaning guru, a pod-caster, and an all-round nice guy who I like to think of as friend first and colleague second. Some thirty years ago Mike founded Aqueous Technologies, I caught up with him to discuss that thirty year journey. Like every episode of EMS@C-Level this is sponsored by global inspection leader Koh Young (https://www.kohyoung.com) and Manufacturing Autonomy Specialist CloudNC (https://www.cloudnc.com)Like every episode of EMS@C-Level, this one was sponsored by global inspection leader Koh Young (https://www.kohyoung.com) and Adaptable Automation Specialist Launchpad.build (https://launchpad.build).You can see video versions of all of the EMS@C-Level pods on our YouTube playlist.

On this episode we talk with Christian Harris, the creative director of Aqueous films specializing in creating  real, gritty, authentic stories.  With years of experience we talk about his time in video production from weddings to large scale shoots.  Something that stood out to me on this episode was the subject of knowing your 'why', knowing why you run a business is so needed when the inevitable times of struggle happen. Christian , thanks for your insight and taking the time to talk to us, I know your story is going to help so many people! https://www.aqueousfilms.com

GiveWell is matching donations from first-time donors dollar for dollar up to $250. Click on https://bit.ly/3rHPv9a to donate and be sure to use the fundraiser code MINUTEEARTH at checkout to make sure your donation gets matched A broken bone might seem worse than a sprain, but you'll get over it much more quickly. LEARN MORE ************** To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords: Aqueous humour: The clear fluid filling the space in the front of the eyeball between the lens and the cornea. Bone remodeling: The continuous process of synthesis and destruction that gives bone its mature structure and maintains normal calcium levels in the body. Ligament: A short band of tough, flexible fibrous connective tissue which connects two bones or cartilages or holds together a joint. Sprain: A stretching or tearing of ligaments. SUPPORT MINUTEEARTH ************************** If you like what we do, you can help us!: - Become our patron: https://patreon.com/MinuteEarth - Share this video with your friends and family - Leave us a comment (we read them!) CREDITS ********* Cameron Duke (@dukeofcam) | Script Writer Kate Yoshida | Script Editor, Narrator and Director Arcadi Garcia i Rius (@garirius) | Illustration, Video Editing and Animation Aldo de Vos, Know Art | Music MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC https://neptunestudios.info OUR STAFF ************ Sarah Berman • Arcadi Garcia i Rius David Goldenberg • Julián Gustavo Gómez Melissa Hayes • Alex Reich • Henry Reich • Peter Reich Ever Salazar • Leonardo Souza • Kate Yoshida OUR LINKS ************ Youtube | https://youtube.com/MinuteEarth TikTok | https://tiktok.com/@minuteearth Twitter | https://twitter.com/MinuteEarth Instagram | https://instagram.com/minute_earth Facebook | https://facebook.com/Minuteearth Website | https://minuteearth.com Apple Podcasts| https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/minuteearth/id649211176 REFERENCES ************** Landzhov, B. (2015). The Epiligament-The Main Donor of Cells and Vessels during Healing Of the Collateral Ligaments of the Knee. Anatomy & Physiology, s4. https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0940.s4-006 Leong, N. L., Kator, J. L., Clemens, T. L., James, A., Enamoto‐Iwamoto, M., & Jiang, J. (2019). Tendon and Ligament Healing and Current Approaches to Tendon and Ligament Regeneration. Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 38(1), 7–12. https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.24475 Marsell, R., & Einhorn, T. A. (2011). The biology of fracture healing. Injury, 42(6), 551–555. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2011.03.031 Martini, F., Nath, J. L., & Bartholomew, E. F. (2018). Fundamentals of anatomy & physiology (11th ed.). Pearson Education Limited. Smith, P., & Bollier, M. (2014). Anterior Cruciate Ligament and Medial Collateral Ligament Injuries. Journal of Knee Surgery, 27(05), 359–368. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1381961

Science fiction fantasy author Tobin Marks has created an alien watery world called Aqueous. Orbiting a Red Dwarf 1187 light years from Earth, Aqueous is teeming with dangerous reptilian life…and one long forgotten human colony. Marks is a world traveler who grew up in a household of rocket scientists. As a boy he had a front row seat observing many NASA and NOAA projects and always dreamed of reaching the stars. Now from his home in north west Baja he has written the trilogy: The Hope Prophecy. Book one: Endeavors Run, is a blend of real science, science fiction, and fantasy. Book two: Katana Red, and book three: Drakon Rus, are exciting continuations to the series. His prequel to the Hope Prophecy: Ark of the Apocalypse, was released by Boyle & Dalton on March 12, 2021. Marks is now working on the second trilogy: The Hope Progression.

Host: Devesh Tupkar Guest: Dr. Kevin Shaughnessy Listen to the latest podcast, where Devesh Tupkar interviews Dr. Kevin Shaughnessy. Dr. Shaughnessy talks about his current research projects and his inspirations for choosing these projects. The core topics of research performed in Dr. Shaughnessy's lab are the development of novel ligands for aqueous catalysis and structure-activity relationship for ligands. Dr. Shaughnessy received his bachelor's degree from the University of Nebraska, a Ph.D. from Stanford University, and a postdoctoral associate degree from Yale University.

Goodday Class- Thank you so much for listening to today's PODCAST SESSIONS.

Featured Songs: 1. 00:38 - Umphrey's McGee - 07-02-21 - Leave Me Las Vegas - Peach Festival - Scranton, PA 2. 03:35 - Aqueous - 07-02-21 - Good Days - Peach Festival - Scranton, PA 3. 13:48 - Ghost Light - 07-02-21 - Best Kept Secret - Peach Festival - Scranton, PA 4. 24:02 - Spafford - 07-03-21 - Doghouse - Peach Festival - Scranton, PA 5. 27:32 - Warren Haynes - 07-04-21 - Soulshine - Peach Festival - Scranton, PA See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Featured Songs: 1. 00:38 - Twiddle - 05-27-21 - Syncopated Healing - Apple Valley Park - Lafayette, NY  2. 09:36 - Aqueous - 05-29-21 - Little Something To Me - Apple Valley Park - Lafayette, NY 3. 17:16 - Disco Biscuits - 05-30-21 - I Know You Rider - Red Rocks Amphitheater- Morrison, CO 4. 28:26 - Infamous Stringdusters - 05-30-21 - Deal - Driftless Music Gardens - Hillsboro, WI   5. 35:40 - Kitchen Dwellers - 05-30-21 - Son Of A Son Of A Sailor - Pine Creek Lodge - Livingstone, MT  See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Início de Junho; pedido de recolha. Suspensão das acção, revisão de procedimentos e sim, escolhas. Este é o efeito presente com um stellium poderoso em Peixes (Neptuno, Júpiter, Lua). Se por um lado aumenta a percepção e o nosso entendimento da dimensão espiritual do mundo, puxa-nos com Mercúrio retrógrado para uma viagem interna em que o pensamento tanto nos pode catalisar como nos causar paralisia e inércia. Emoções à flor da pele, memórias em cima da mesa, albúns de fotografias e despedidas até ao dia 11 de Junho. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/margarida-rodrigues2/message

Raised in a smoky kitchen, where acoustic guitars and harmonicas filled the air, it isn't hard to understand the origins of Kevin Ludwig's raspy vocals. From theaters and stages on the East and West coast to American Idol, Kevin has put miles on the soles of his shoes and soul in the hearts of those who have listened. Ludwig has opened for Tim Reynolds (DMB), Boyd Tinsley (Formerly of DMB), Drake White, moe. , Driftwood, and Aqueous. He's played at Orpheum Theater, Westcott Theater, Grassroots, Sterling Stage, MOVE Music Festival, etc. He even made the top 100 of American Idol's 2020 season. Ludwig did have a self-scheduled tour, “Cleaner Oceans Tour”, stretching from Alabama to the Florida Keys, and then back up the East Coast. It was a month and a half tour consisting of beach cleanups, community outreach (homeless shelters, food pantries, soup kitchens, animal shelters, community programs/big brother programs), and live performances. Unfortunately, the pandemic ended that tour and hopefully, it will make a comeback. We'll listen to Kevin's song, Moonshine on the podcast today. To hear more of his music you can listen on any streaming service and just search, "Kevin Ludwig". Also, follow him on Facebook. Be sure to like, subscribe and give the More Than Music Podcast a review wherever you listen to the podcast and share us with a friend! We release shows every Wednesday and look out for a bonus episode every now and then. Find me, Kara Conrad on Facebook and the podcast on Instagram at More Than Music Pod. If you want to talk to me or suggest a guest just send me a message on Instagram or email me at karaaconrad@gmail.com. --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/morethanmusicpod/support

Study strengthens links between red meat and heart disease Queen Mary University (UK), 15 April 2021 An observational study in nearly 20,000 individuals has found that greater intake of red and processed meat is associated with worse heart function. The research is presented at ESC Preventive Cardiology 2021, an online scientific congress of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC).1 "Previous studies have shown links between greater red meat consumption and increased risk of heart attacks or dying from heart disease," said study author Dr. Zahra Raisi-Estabragh of Queen Mary University of London, UK.2,3 "For the first time, we examined the relationships between meat consumption and imaging measures of heart health. This may help us to understand the mechanisms underlying the previously observed connections with cardiovascular disease." The study included 19,408 participants of the UK Biobank.4 The researchers examined associations of self-reported intake of red and processed meat with heart anatomy and function. Three types of heart measures were analysed. First, cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) assessments of heart function used in clinical practice such as volume of the ventricles and measures of the pumping function of the ventricles. Second, novel CMR radiomics used in research to extract detailed information from heart images such as shape and texture (which indicates health of the heart muscle). Third, elasticity of the blood vessels (stretchy arteries are healthier). The analysis was adjusted for other factors that might influence the relationship including age, sex, deprivation, education, smoking, alcohol, exercise, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, and body mass index (BMI) as a measure of obesity. The researchers found that greater intake of red and processed meat was associated with worse imaging measures of heart health, across all measures studied. Specifically, individuals with higher meat intake had smaller ventricles, poorer heart function, and stiffer arteries - all markers of worse cardiovascular health. As a comparison, the researchers also tested the relationships between heart imaging measures and intake of oily fish, which has previously been linked with better heart health. They found that as the amount of oily fish consumption rose, heart function improved, and arteries were stretchier. Dr. Raisi-Estabragh said: "The findings support prior observations linking red and processed meat consumption with heart disease and provide unique insights into links with heart and vascular structure and function." The associations between imaging measures of heart health and meat intake were only partially explained by high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, and obesity. "It has been suggested that these factors could be the reason for the observed relationship between meat and heart disease," said Dr. Raisi-Estabragh. "For example, it is possible that greater red meat intake leads to raised blood cholesterol and this in turn causes heart disease. Our study suggests that these four factors do play a role in the links between meat intake and heart health, but they are not the full story." She noted that the study did not look into alternative mechanisms. But she said: "There is some evidence that red meat alters the gut microbiome, leading to higher levels of certain metabolites in the blood, which have in turn been linked to greater risk of heart disease." Dr. Raisi-Estabragh said: "This was an observational study and causation cannot be assumed. But in general, it seems sensible to limit intake of red and processed meat for heart health reasons."     More Fruits and Veggies Improves Sleep for Young Adults University of Michigan, April 15, 2021 Eating more fruits and vegetables can help young adults, especially young women, sleep better, a new study shows Young adults who reported eating less than five servings of fruits and vegetables per day reported a high prevalence of chronic insomnia symptoms, with over one-third reporting difficulties with falling asleep or maintaining sleep at least three times per week for three months or longer. Women who increased their fruit and vegetable intake by three or more servings over a three-month period were more than twice as likely to experience an improvement in these insomnia symptoms, according to the study in the Sleep Health Journal. “We were very excited to see that a fairly simple dietary intervention, such as encouraging an increase in fruit and vegetable consumption, could make such an impact on sleep,” says lead author Erica Jansen, research assistant professor of nutritional sciences at the University of Michigan’s School of Public Health. “We know from other literature that improving sleep improves overall quality of life and many other health outcomes, so the benefits likely extend beyond the sleep changes.” Jansen and senior author Gwen Alexander, a researcher in the public health sciences department at Henry Ford Health System, and colleagues analyzed data of more than 1,400 participants compiled by Detroit-based Henry Ford and the more rural Geisinger Health System headquartered in Danville, Pennsylvania. “From my health educator perspective, our study shows a link between dietary choices and improved sleep for young people who wish to improve their overall health and well-being,” Alexander says. “Our study was unique in that it investigated an understudied population of generally healthy young adults. Future research designed for this population has great potential to lead to better health habits.” Eligible young adults included those ages 21-30, who received any medical care at the centers and who reported eating less than five servings of fruits and vegetables per day. Researchers randomized the participants into one of three groups: one had an untailored web-based program to encourage higher fruits and vegetables consumption; the second had an age-targeted tailored web-based program; and the third group also included personalized e-coaching support. Young adults who increased their fruit and vegetable consumption by at least three servings experienced modest improvements in sleep latency (time to fall asleep) and insomnia over a three-month period, compared to participants with no change or smaller increases in fruits and vegetable intake, although there were no differences in sleep duration. Women who increased their fruit and vegetable intake by three or more servings reported a four-minute shorter time, on average, to fall asleep at follow-up, and twofold higher odds of improvement in insomnia symptoms. “What is unique about our study is that we were able to see that as fruit and vegetable intake changed, insomnia-related sleep characteristics also changed,” Jansen says. “We still cannot rule out that sleep characteristics changed first, which in turn caused a change in fruit and vegetable intake, but since the participants were part of a trial to increase fruit and vegetable intake, it is more likely the other way around. The participants were not told to change anything about their sleep habits.” The researchers hope the findings will be incorporated into other sleep hygiene principles, which include things like maintaining a consistent bedtime and rise time, eliminating screens prior to going to bed, sleeping in a dark, cool environment, and not drinking caffeine or alcohol before bed. Additional coauthors are from the University of South Carolina School of Medicine and the Henry Ford Health System.     Multivits, omega-3, probiotics, vitamin D may lessen risk of positive COVID-19 test British Medical Journal, April 20, 2021 Taking multivitamins, omega-3, probiotics or vitamin D supplements may lessen the risk of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19 infection—at least among women—indicates a large population study, published online in the journal BMJ Nutrition Prevention & Health. But taking any of vitamin C, zinc, or garlic supplements wasn't associated with a lower risk of testing positive for the virus, the findings show. There has been plenty of celebrity endorsement of the use of dietary supplements to both ward off and treat COVID-19 infection since the start of the pandemic, note the researchers. In the UK alone, market share rose by 19.5% in the period leading up to the first national 'lockdown' on March 23 last year, with sales of vitamin C rising by 110% and those of multivits by 93%. Similarly, zinc supplement sales rose by 415% in the first week of March, at the height of COVID-19 fears in the U.S.. Dietary supplements can help to support a healthy immune system, but whether specific supplements might be associated with a lower risk of catching SARS-CoV-2 isn't known. In a bid to plug this knowledge gap, the researchers drew on adult users of the COVID-19 Symptom Study app to see if regular supplement users were less likely to test positive for SARS-CoV-2. The app was launched in the UK, the US, and Sweden in March 2020 to capture self-reported information on the evolution of the pandemic. Initially, it recorded the location, age and core health risk factors of its users. But as time went on, subscribers were asked to provide daily updates on a range of issues, including symptoms, coronavirus test results, and healthcare. People without obvious symptoms were also encouraged to use it. For the purposes of this study, the researchers analysed information supplied by 372,720 UK subscribers to the app about their regular use of dietary supplements throughout May, June, and July 2020 during the first wave of the pandemic as well as any coronavirus swab test results. Between May and July,175,652 UK subscribers regularly took dietary supplements;197,068 didn't. Around two thirds (67%) were women and over half were overweight (BMI of 27). In all, 23,521 people tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and 349,199 tested negative between May and July. Taking probiotics, omega-3 fatty acids, multivits or vitamin D was associated with a lower risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection: by 14%, 12%, 13% and 9%, respectively, after accounting for potentially influential factors, including underlying conditions and usual diet. No such effects were observed among those taking vitamin C, zinc, or garlic supplements. And when the researchers looked specifically at sex, age and weight (BMI), the protective associations for probiotics, omega-3 fatty acids, multivits and vitamin D were observed only in women of all ages and weights. No such clear associations were seen in men. Despite some differences, the same overall patterns were mirrored in both the US (45,757) and Swedish (27,373) subscribers. The equivalent figures for the US and Sweden were a reduced risk of:18% and 37%, respectively for probiotics; 21% and 16%, respectively, for omega-3 fatty acids; 12% and 22%, respectively for multivits; and 24% and 19%, respectively, for vitamin D supplements. This is an observational study, and as such, can't establish cause. The researchers also acknowledge several limitations, including that the study relied on self reported data and a self selected group. No information was collected on supplement doses or ingredients either. But although the observed effects were modest, they were significant, note the researchers, who call for large clinical trials to inform evidence-based therapeutic recommendations. "We know that a range of micronutrients, including vitamin D, are essential for a healthy functioning immune system. This, in turn, is key to prevention of, and recovery from, infections. "But to date, there is little convincing evidence that taking nutritional supplements has any therapeutic value beyond maintaining the body's normal immune response," comments Professor Sumantra Ray, Executive Director, NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, which co-owns the journal. "What's more, this study wasn't primarily designed to answer questions about the role of nutritional supplements in COVID-19. This is still an emerging area of research that warrants further rigorous study before firm conclusions can be drawn about whether specific nutritional supplements might lessen the risk of COVID-19 infection," he cautions.   Vitamin D deficiency may impair muscle function Garvan Institute of Medical Research (Australia), April 16, 2021 Vitamin D deficiency may impair muscle function due to a reduction in energy production in the muscles, according to a mouse study published in the Journal of Endocrinology. Vitamin D deficient mice were found to have impaired muscle mitochondrial function, which may have implications for muscle function, performance and recovery. This may suggest that preventing vitamin D deficiency in older adults could help maintain better muscle strength and function and reduce age related muscle deterioration, but further studies are needed to confirm this.  Vitamin D is a hormone well known to be important for maintaining bone health and preventing rickets and osteoporosis. In recent years, vitamin D deficiency has been reported to be as prevalent as 40% in European populations and linked to increased risk for several conditions, including COVID-19, cancer and diabetes. Although these studies report association rather than causation, the benefits of vitamin D supplementation are now a major subject of health debate. Multiple studies have also linked low vitamin D levels to poor muscle strength, particularly in older people. Skeletal muscle enables us to move voluntarily and perform everyday activities. It is essential that they have enough energy to power these movements. Specialised organs in cells, called mitochondria, convert nutrients in to energy to meet this demand. Previous studies indicate that impaired muscle strength in people with vitamin D deficiency may be linked to impaired muscle mitochondrial function. Determining the role of vitamin D in muscle performance of older people is also difficult, as they may suffer from a number of pre-existing health conditions that can also affect their vitamin D status. Therefore, previous studies have been unable to determine how vitamin D may directly affect muscle performance. Dr Andrew Philp and his team at the Garvan Institute of Medical Research in Australia, and collaborating universities, used a mouse model to determine the effects of diet-induced vitamin D deficiency on skeletal muscle mitochondrial function in young, male mice. Mice were either fed a diet with normal quantities of vitamin D, or with no vitamin D to induce deficiency, for a period of 3 months. A typical vitamin D level for humans is 40-50 nmol.L-1, and acute vitamin D deficiency is diagnosed when levels drop below 12 nmol.L-1. On average, the mice in this study had vitamin D levels of 30 nmol.L1, with diet-induced vitamin D deficiency leading to levels of just 3 nmol.L-1. Although this level was more extreme than typically observed in people, it is still within the clinically-recognised range. Tissue and blood samples were collected monthly to quantify vitamin D and calcium concentrations and to assess markers of muscle mitochondrial function and number. After 3 months of diet-induced vitamin D deficiency skeletal muscle mitochondrial function was found to be impaired by up to 37%. This was not due to a reduced number of mitochondria or a reduction in muscle mass. "Our results show there is a clear link between vitamin D deficiency and oxidative capacity in skeletal muscle. They suggest that vitamin D deficiency decreases mitochondrial function, as opposed to reducing the number of mitochondria in skeletal muscle." Dr Philp comments. "We are particularly interested to examine whether this reduction in mitochondrial function may be a cause of age related loss in skeletal muscle mass and function." These findings suggest that vitamin D deficiency may impair mitochondrial function and reduce the amount of energy produced in the muscles, which may lead to poor muscle function. Therefore, preventing vitamin D deficiency in older people may help maintain muscle performance and reduce the risk of muscle related diseases, such as sarcopenia. However, further studies that investigate the direct effect of vitamin D deficiency on muscle function and strength are necessary to confirm this. Whilst this study indicates that vitamin D deficiency can alter mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle, Dr Philp and his team were unable to determine precisely how this process occurred. Therefore, their future work aims to establish how vitamin D deficiency alters mitochondrial control and function in skeletal muscle.     Psychedelic experience may not be required for psilocybin's antidepressant-like benefits So-called 'magic mushroom' drug seems to work through multiple brain mechanisms for its different effects University of Maryland School of Medicine, April 16, 2021 University of Maryland School of Medicine (UMSOM) researchers have shown that psilocybin--the active chemical in "magic mushrooms"-- still works its antidepressant-like actions, at least in mice, even when the psychedelic experience is blocked. The new findings suggest that psychedelic drugs work in multiple ways in the brain and it may be possible to deliver the fast-acting antidepressant therapeutic benefit without requiring daylong guided therapy sessions. A version of the drug without, or with less of, the psychedelic effects could loosen restrictions on who could receive the therapy, and lower costs, making the benefits of psilocybin more available to more people in need. In all clinical trials performed to date, the person treated with psilocybin remains under the care of a guide, who keeps the person calm and reassures them during their daylong experience. This can include hallucinations, altered perception of time and space, and intense emotional and spiritual encounters.  Researchers in the field have long attributed psilocybin's effectiveness to the intense psychedelic experience.  "We do not understand the mechanisms that underlie the antidepressant actions of psilocybin and the role that the profound psychedelic experience during these sessions plays in the therapeutic benefits," says Scott Thompson, Ph.D., Professor and Chair, Department of Physiology at UMSOM and senior author of the study. "The psychedelic experience is incredibly powerful and can be life-changing, but that could be too much for some people or not appropriate."  Several barriers prevent the wide-spread use of psychedelic compounds. For example, there is fear that the psychedelic experience may promote psychosis in people who are predisposed to severe mental disorders, like bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, so the clinical therapy sessions performed to-date have been limited to a highly selected screened group without a family history of these disorders.  Dr. Thompson adds that there may also be an equity issue because not everyone can take several days off work to prepare and engage in the experience. The costs of staffing a facility with at least one trained guide per treated person per day and a private space may also be prohibitive to all but a few. He says it is conceivable that a depression treatment derived from psilocybin could be developed without the psychedelic effects so people can take it safely at home without requiring a full day in a care facility. For their study, led by UMSOM MD/PhD student Natalie Hesselgrave, the team used a mouse model of depression in which mice were stressed for several hours a day over 2-3 weeks. Because researchers cannot measure mouse moods, they measure their ability to work for rewards, such as choosing to drink sugar water over plain water. People suffering from depression lose the feeling of pleasure for rewarding events. Similarly, stressed mice no longer preferred sugar water over plain water. However, 24 hours after a dose of psilocybin, the stressed mice regained their preference for the sugar water, demonstrating that the drug restored the mice's pleasure response.  Psilocybin exerts its effects in people by binding to and turning on receptors for the chemical messenger serotonin. One of these receptors, the serotonin 2A receptor, is known to be responsible for the psychedelic response. To see if the psychedelic effects of psilocybin were needed for the anti-depressive benefits, the researchers treated the stressed mice with psilocybin together with a drug, ketanserin, which binds to the serotonin 2A receptor and keeps it from being turned on. The researchers found that the stressed mice regained their preference for the sugar water in response to psilocybin, even without the activation of the psychedelic receptor. "These findings show that activation of the receptor causing the psychedelic effect isn't absolutely required for the antidepressant benefits, at least in mice," says Dr. Thompson, "but the same experiment needs to be performed in depressed human subjects." He says his team plans to investigate which of the 13 other serotonin receptors are the ones responsible for the antidepressant actions. "This new study has interesting implications, and shows that more basic research is needed in animals to reveal the mechanisms for how these drugs work, so that treatments for these devastating disorders can be developed" says Albert E. Reece, MD, PhD, MBA, Executive Vice President for Medical Affairs, University of Maryland Baltimore, and the John Z. and Akiko K. Bowers Distinguished Professor and Dean, University of Maryland School of Medicine.   Tea compound promotes formation of osteoblasts under inflammatory environment and increases bone mass First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University (China), April 7, 2021   According to news originating from Suzhou, People’s Republic of China, the research stated, “Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a disease of bone mass reduction and structural changes due to estrogen deficiency, which can eventually lead to increased pain and fracture risk.” Our news correspondents obtained a quote from the research from First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University: “Chronic inflammatory microenvironment leading to the decreased activation of osteoblasts and inhibition of bone formation is an important pathological factor that leads to osteoporosis. Theaflavin-3,3’-digallate (TFDG) is an extract of black tea, which has potential anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects. In our study, we found that TFDG significantly increased the bone mass of ovariectomized (OVX) mice by micro-CT analysis. Compared with OVX mice, TFDG reduced the release of proinflammatory cytokines and increased the expression of osteogenic markers in vivo. In vitro experiments demonstrated that TFDG could promote the formation of osteoblasts in inflammatory environment and enhance their mineralization ability. In this process, TFDG activated MAPK, Wnt/b-Catenin and BMP/Smad signaling pathways inhibited by TNF-a, and then promoted the transcription of osteogenic related factors including Runx2 and Osterix, promoting the differentiation and maturation of osteoblasts eventually.” According to the news reporters, the research concluded: “In general, our study confirmed that TFDG was able to promote osteoblast differentiation under inflammatory environment, enhance its mineralization ability, and ultimately increase bone mass in ovariectomized mice. These results suggested that TFDG might have the potential to be a more effective treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.”     Patients who are overweight or obese at risk of more severe COVID-19   Murdoch Children's Research Institute and University of Queensland, April 16, 2021   Patients who are overweight or obese have more severe COVID-19 and are highly likely to require invasive respiratory support, according to a new international study.  The research, led by the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (MCRI) and The University of Queensland and published in Diabetes Care, found obese or overweight patients are at high risk for having worse COVID-19 outcomes. They are also more likely to require oxygen and invasive mechanical ventilation compared to those with a healthy weight.  MCRI researcher Dr Danielle Longmore said the findings, which highlighted the relationship between obesity and increased COVID-19 disease burden, showed the need to urgently introduce strategies to address the complex socio-economic drivers of obesity, and public policy measures such as restrictions on junk food advertising.  "Although taking steps to address obesity in the short-term is unlikely to have an immediate impact in the COVID-19 pandemic, it will likely reduce the disease burden in future viral pandemics and reduce risks of complications like heart disease and stroke," she said. The study looked at hospitalised SARS-CoV-2 patients from 18 hospitals in 11 countries including China, America, Italy, South Africa and The Netherlands.  Among the 7244 patients aged 18 years and over, 34.8 per cent were overweight and 30.8 per cent were obese.  COVID-19 patients with obesity were more likely to require oxygen and had a 73 per cent greater chance of needing invasive mechanical ventilation. Similar but more modest results were seen in overweight patients. No link was found between being overweight or obese and dying in hospital from COVID-19.  Cardiovascular and pre-existing respiratory diseases were associated with increased odds of in-hospital deaths but not a greater risk for needing oxygen and mechanical ventilation. For patients with pre-existing diabetes, there was increased odds of needing invasive respiratory support, but no additionally increase in risk in those with obesity and diabetes.  Men were at an increased risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes and needing invasive mechanical ventilation. In those aged over 65 years, there was an increased chance of requiring oxygen and higher rates of in-hospital deaths. The University of Queensland's Dr Kirsty Short, who co-led the research, said almost 40 per cent of the global population was overweight or obese.  "Obesity is associated with numerous poor health outcomes, including increased risk of cardiometabolic and respiratory disease and more severe viral disease including influenza, dengue and SARS-CoV-1," she said.  Dr Short said while previous reports indicated that obesity was an important risk factor in the severity of COVID-19, almost all this data had been collected from single sites and many regions were not represented. Moreover, there was a limited amount of evidence available about the effects of being overweight or obese on COVID-19 severity.  "Given the large scale of this study we have conclusively shown that being overweight or obese are independent risk factors for worse outcomes in adults hospitalised with COVID-19," she said. MCRI Professor David Burgner, who co-led the research, said the data would help inform immunisation prioritisation for higher-risk groups. "At the moment, the World Health Organization has not had enough high-quality data to include being overweight or obese as a risk factor for severe COVID-19 disease. Our study should help inform decisions about which higher-risk groups should be vaccinated as a priority," he said.   Neuroprotective Herbs for the Management of Alzheimer’s Disease University of Central Florida and University of California, Los Angeles   Background—Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a multifactorial, progressive, neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by memory loss, personality changes, and a decline in cognitive function. While the exact cause of AD is still unclear, recent studies point to lifestyle, diet, environmental, and genetic factors as contributors to disease progression. The pharmaceutical approaches developed to date do not alter disease progression. More than two hundred promising drug candidates have failed clinical trials in the past decade, suggesting that the disease and its causes may be highly complex. Medicinal plants and herbal remedies are now gaining more interest as complementary and alternative interventions and are a valuable source for developing drug candidates for AD. Indeed, several scientific studies have described the use of various medicinal plants and their principal phytochemicals for the treatment of AD. This article reviews a subset of herbs for their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cognitive-enhancing effects. Methods—This article systematically reviews recent studies that have investigated the role of neuroprotective herbs and their bioactive compounds for dementia associated with Alzheimer’s disease and pre-Alzheimer’s disease. PubMed Central, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases of articles were collected, and abstracts were reviewed for relevance to the subject matter. Conclusions—Medicinal plants have great potential as part of an overall program in the prevention and treatment of cognitive decline associated with AD. It is hoped that these medicinal plants can be used in drug discovery programs for identifying safe and efficacious small molecules for AD.   1.1. Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) Ashwagandha, commonly called Indian ginseng or winter cherry, is one of the most prominent herbs prescribed as a brain rejuvenator for AD. It is prescribed to increase energy, improve overall health and longevity, and as a nerve tonic [86]. Ashwagandha has been shown to possess antioxidant activity, free radical scavenging activity, as well as an ability to support a healthy immune system [87]. Ashwagandha contains several bioactive compounds of great interest, such as ergostane-type steroidal lactones, including withanolides A-Y, dehydrowithanolide-R, withasomniferin-A, withasomidienone, withasomniferols A-C, withaferin A, withanone, and others. Other constituents include the phytosterols sitoindosides VII-X and beta-sitosterol and alkaloids [86,88]. A subset of these components has been shown to scavenge free radicals generated during the initiation and progression of AD. Molecular modeling studies showed that withanamides A and C uniquely bind to the active motif of Aβ25-35 and prevent fibril formation. Furthermore, these compounds protected PC-12 cells and rat neuronal cells from β-amyloid-induced cell death [89,90,91]. Treatment with the methanol extract of ashwagandha triggered neurite outgrowth in a dose- and time-dependent manner in human neuroblastoma cells [29], and, in another study involving cultured rat cortical neurons, treatment with Aβ peptide induced axonal and dendritic atrophy and loss of pre-and postsynaptic stimuli [92]. Subsequent treatment with withanolide A induced significant regeneration of both axons and dendrites and restored the pre- and post-synapses in the cultured cortical neurons. In vivo, withanolide A inhibited Aβ(25–35)-induced degeneration of axons, dendrites, and synapses in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus and also restored Aβ-peptide-induced memory deficits in mice [93]. The in vivo ameliorative effects were maintained even after the discontinuation of the drug administration. Aqueous extracts of ashwagandha increased acetylcholine (ACh) content and choline acetyl transferase activity in rats, which might partly explain the cognition-enhancing and memory-improving effects [29,94,95]. Treatment with the root extract caused the upregulation of the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein, which enhanced the Aβ clearance and reversed the AD pathology in middle-aged and old APP/PS1 mice [96]. Oral administration of a semi-purified extract of ashwagandha reversed behavioral deficits and blocked the accumulation of Aβ peptides in an APP/PS1 mouse model of AD. This therapeutic effect of ashwagandha was mediated by the liver low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein [96]. Using an AD model of Drosophila melanogaster, researchers noted that treatment with ashwagandha mitigated Aβ toxicity and also promoted longevity [97]. Despite the extensive literature on the therapeutic effects of ashwagandha, there are limited data on its clinical use for cognitive impairment [98]. In a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study involving 50 subjects with mild cognitive impairment, subjects were treated with either ashwagandha root extract (300 mg twice daily) or placebo for eight weeks. After eight weeks of study, the ashwagandha treatment group demonstrated significant improvements in both immediate and general memory tests compared to the placebo group. Furthermore, the treatment group showed significant improvement in executive function, sustained attention, and information-processing speed [99]. These studies lend credence to ashwagandha’s role in enhancing memory and improving executive function in people with SCI or MCI. 1.2. Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri) Brahmi, or Bacopa monnieri (Bm), is a perennial creeper medicinal plant found in the damp and marshy wetlands of Southern and Eastern India, Australia, Europe, Africa, Asia, and North and South America. In the Ayurvedic system of medicine, Bm is recommended for mental stress, memory loss, epilepsy, insomnia, and asthma [34,36]. The bioactive phytochemicals present in this plant include saponins, bacopasides III, IV, V, bacosides A and B, bacosaponins A, B, C, D, E, and F, alkaloids, sterols, betulic acid, polyphenols, and sulfhydryl compounds, which may be responsible for the neuroprotective roles of the plant. Both in vitro and in vivo studies show that these phytochemicals have an antioxidant and free radical scavenging action by blocking lipid peroxidation in several areas of the brain [36,100,101,102]. Bm acts by reducing divalent metals, scavenging reactive oxygen species, decreasing the formation of lipid peroxides, and inhibiting lipoxygenase activity [103]. Numerous studies have also shown Bm’s role in memory and intellect [33,56,100,104,105,106]. To determine the neuroprotective effect of Bm in a rat model of AD, researchers tested an alcoholic extract of Bm at doses of 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg for a period of 2 weeks before and 1 week after the intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of ethylcholine aziridinium ion (AF64A). Spatial memory was tested using the Morris water maze (MWM), and the cholinergic neuron density was determined using histological techniques. The researchers showed that Bm extract improved the escape latency time in the MWM test and blocked the reduction of cholinergic neuron densities [35]. Another group reported the reversal of colchicine-induced cognitive deficits by a standardized extract of Bm. In addition to reversing colchicine-triggered cognitive impairment, the Bm extract also attenuated colchicine-induced oxidative damage by decreasing the protein carbonyl levels and restoring the activities of the antioxidant enzymes [107]. Most of the studies exploring the cognitive-enhancing effects of Bm in humans focused on normal, aged individuals. In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial on 35 individuals aged above 55 years, subjects received either 125 mg of Bm extract or a placebo twice a day for a period of 12 weeks, followed by a placebo period of another four weeks. Subjects underwent a battery of memory tests, including general information, orientation, mental control, logical memory, digit forward, digit backward, visual reproduction, and paired association learning. Subjects were scored on each sub-test, and total memory score was calculated by adding the score of all subtests. A significant improvement was observed in mental control, logical memory, and paired association learning in Bm-treated patients compared to the placebo group at 8 and 12 weeks after initiation of the trial [37]. The results suggested the use of Bm in the treatment of age-associated memory impairment. Ten subjects were given 500 mg of Sideritis extract, 320 mg Bm extract, or a combination using a crossover design. Sideritis extract is rich in a variety of flavonoids and has been shown to improve cognition in animal models of AD [108]. The Attention d2 Test is a neuropsychological measure of selective and sustained attention and visual scanning speed. Assessment tests revealed that Sideritis extract combined with a low-dose Bm extract resulted in improvement in the d2 concentration test score [109]. A similar effect of Bm alone was observed only after repetitive dosing, suggesting that the long-term memory effects seen with repetitive dosing of Bm may be a promising therapeutic option for subjects suffering from MCI [109]. In another prospective, non-comparative, multicenter trial involving 104 subjects who suffered from MCI, Bm extract in combination with astaxanthin, phosphatidylserine, and vitamin E was given for 60 days. The tested combination formula was well tolerated. Cognitive and mnemonic performance was assessed with validated instruments including Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-cog) and Clock-Drawing Test (CDT) that can assess the risk of MCI progression to AD. Researchers noted significant improvements in ADAS-cog and CDT scores [110]. The observed sixty-day improvements in ADAS-cog and CDT were statistically significant as compared with baseline values. Memory is affected by several factors, including focus and attention, neurotransmitters, hormones, trophic factors, cyclic AMP, ion channels, protein transcription, synapse formation, and nutrients. Some of these processes can be modulated by Bm extract alone or in combination with other compounds. The abovementioned study design is similar to our therapeutic program for people with SCI and MCI, where Bm is administered in combination with other nutraceuticals and cogniceuticals [15,111]. 1.3. Cat’s Claw (Uncaria tomentosa) Cat’s claw (CC) is a tropical vine with hooked thorns that resemble the claws of a cat and is mainly recommended for its potential role in the treatment of AD and pre-AD. It is found mainly in the Amazon rainforest and other areas of South and Central America. This medicinal plant contains oxindole alkaloids, polyphenols (flavonoids, proanthocyanidins, and tannins), glycosides, pentacyclic alkaloids, and sterols [38,39]. CC is known for its immune-modulating and anti-inflammatory effects and for its role as a free radical scavenger. Based on in vitro studies, the anti-inflammatory effect of CC is attributed to its ability to inhibit iNOS gene expression, nitrate formation, cell death, PGE2 production, and the activation of NF-κB and TNF-α [45]. Using a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease, a significant reduction in the Aβ load (by 59%) and plaque number (by 78%) in the hippocampus and cortex was observed after treating 8-month-old mice with the CC extract for 14 days [44]. CC extract also caused a significant reduction in astrocytosis and microgliosis, and it improved hippocampus-dependent memory. Some of the components in the CC extract crossed the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and entered the brain parenchyma following intravenous injection [44]. Pre-clinical studies suggest that CC extract inhibits the formation of plaques and tangles, reduces astrocytosis and microgliosis and improves memory in mouse models of AD [43,44]. CC extract not only prevented the formation and aggregation of Aβ fibrils and tau protein paired helical filaments, but it also facilitated the disaggregation of preformed fibrils and tau protein tangles [43,44]. While proanthocyanidin B2 was identified as the primary phytochemical with plaque-and tangle-dissolving activity, other polyphenols present in the CC extract also possess plaque-reducing activity [44]. Based on pre-clinical studies, Cat’s claw may be effective for memory loss and cognitive decline associated with AD, although no studies have been carried out in humans. 1.4. Ginkgo Biloba Ginkgo biloba (Gb) has been in the spotlight primarily for its potential role in treating AD. Gb also appears promising as a therapeutic agent for several other chronic and acute forms of diseases. The main pharmacologically active groups of compounds are flavonoids and terpenoids. Almost all clinical studies use Gb extract that contains a combination of flavonoid glycosides, terpene lactones, and ginkgolic acids [50]. Gb extract has shown beneficial effects in treating Alzheimer’s, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, tinnitus, and other age-associated conditions [49,50]. The suggested mechanisms of the Gb extract are its antioxidant effect, anti-platelet activating factor activity for vascular diseases, inhibition of β-amyloid peptide aggregation in AD, and decreased expression of peripheral benzodiazepine receptor for stress alleviation [48,49,50]. Gb is popular as a treatment for early-stage AD and vascular dementia. Gb extract reverses β-amyloid and NO-induced toxicity in vitro and reduces apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo [112,113,114]. Treatment with Gb extract enhanced memory retention in young and old rats and improved short-term memory in mice [49,115]. Several studies indicate that ginkgo delays the progression of AD and is as effective as the cholinesterase inhibitors for treating AD. A modest improvement in cognitive function was observed in AD subjects in various randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials [116,117,118]. Gb extract also improves ADLs among AD individuals and is preferred over other AD medications because of its negligible adverse effects [119,120]. 1.5. Gotu Kola (Centella asiatica) Considered both a nutraceutical and cogniceutical, Gotu kola (Gk) is a staple in Chinese, Indonesian, and Ayurvedic medicine [57]. This medicinal plant is used to strengthen the brain, heal skin issues, and promote liver and kidney health. Gk is considered a rejuvenating herb for nerve and brain cells as it is believed to promote intelligence and improve memory [54,55,56,57]. In vitro studies using various Gk plant derivatives (asiaticosides, asiatic acid, madecassoside, and madasiatic acid) showed that these compounds were capable of blocking H2O

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