VetCAST

The majority of species around the world are declining from habitat loss. Biodiversity is valuable for human health and wildlife, but current conservation practices focus on individual species and not the ecosystem. Therefore, we should begin to aim conservation practices to protect the habitat; allowing for better corridors, and greater biodiversity. Episode Hosts: Nolan Bunting, Kara Maslyn, and James DeMoss Course Coordinators & Podcast Ringmasters: Colleen Duncan, Molly Carpenter, Treana Mayer Audio Engineer: Ethan Fagre EPISODE NOTES: Pandas, Koalas, and Elephants. We know of these animals in part due to the incredible effort to conserve them. However, conserving a singular species in an ecosystem is not nearly as valuable as conserving the habitat itself. Join us on an adventure from your own couch, as we explore the benefits of protecting the entire ecosystem. From wildlife to humanity, we all benefit from nature. We hope that this episode also teaches you how to help nature, and promote large conservation efforts. Remember, this is Nature and Nature needs you. References: Argentinian corridors https://www.rutadelosparques.org/en/who-we-are/ https://www.tompkinsconservation.org/get-wild.php African Transfrontier parks https://www.sanparks.org/conservation/transfrontier/great_limpopo.php Yellowstone to Yukon https://y2y.net/about/ Impacts of biodiversity on Zoonotic Diseases Keesing, & Ostfeld, R. S., 2021. Impacts of biodiversity and biodiversity loss on zoonotic diseases. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, 118(17), 1–. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2023540118 Granter, Scott R, Aaron Bernstein, and Richard S Ostfeld., 2014. Of Mice and Men: Lyme Disease and Biodiversity. Perspectives in biology and medicine 57.2: 198–207. https://doi.org/10.1353/pbm.2014.0015 Ways you can help https://www.patagonia.com/activism/ Sexton C., 2020. Wildlife Tourism has the potential to transform conservation. Earth.com.https://www.earth.com/news/wildlife-tourism-has-the-potential-to-transform-conservation/ World Bank, 2018. Growing Wildlife-Based Tourism Sustainably: A New Report and Q&A. World Bank featured stories. https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2018/03/01/growing-wildlife-based-tourism-sustainably-a-new-report-and-qa

Monarch butterflies are beautiful insects and have an interesting life cycle and migration pattern, but they are rapidly declining into possible extinction. Therefore, everyone should take steps to plant, protect and improve monarch breeding habitats across North America. Episode Hosts: Jacey Cerda, Claire Kazen Course Coordinators & Podcast Ringmasters: Colleen Duncan, Molly Carpenter, Treana Mayer Audio Engineer: Ethan Fagre Special Guests: Dr. Jaret Daniels is an associate professor specializing in lepidoptera research and insect conservation at the University of Florida He also has a position at the Florida Museum of Natural History as assistant director of exhibits and public programs and assistant curator of Lepidoptera. Dr. Daniels is involved in national butterfly conservation initiatives, including the launch of a butterfly-inspired beer at breweries across the country, which you can read about here: https://news.ufl.edu/2021/10/monarch-beer/ Carol Seemueller is a citizen scientist in Fort Collins, CO, who has championed monarch conservation in her own backyard and in the classroom. Katie-Lyn Bunneycoordinates education and outreach for Monarch Joint Venture (MJV), which is a national nonprofit working to connect federal and state agencies, other nonprofits, community groups, businesses, and education programs for the conservation of monarchs and other pollinators. MJV is a great resource for those looking to support monarch butterflies and their migration. You can find these resources here: https://monarchjointventure.org/get-involved References Forister, ML, Halsch, CA, Nice, CC, Fordyce, JA, Dilts, TE, Oliver, JC, Prudic, KL, Shapiro, AM, Wilson, JK, and Glassberg, J. 2021. Fewer butterflies seen by community scientists across the warming and drying landscapes of the American West. Science 371:1042-45. Nestle, R, Daniels, JC, and Dale, AG. 2020. Mixed-species gardens increase monarch oviposition without increasing top-down predation. Insects 11:648 Pelton, EM, Schultz, CB, Jepsen, SJ, Hoffman Black, S, and Crone, EE. 2019. Western monarch population plummets: status, probable causes, and recommended conservation actions. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 7:258. Thogmartin, WE, Widerholt, R, Oberhauser, K, Drum, RG, Diffendorfer, JE. Altizer, S, Taylor, OR, Pleasants, J, Semmens, D, Semmens, B, Erickson, R, Libby, K, and Lopez-Hoffman, L. 2017. Monarch butterfly population decline in North America: identifying the threatening processes. R. Soc. Open. Sci. 4:170760. Zylstra, ER, Ries, L, Neupane, N, Saunders, SP, Ramirez, MI, Rendon-Salina, E, Oberhauser, KS, Farr, MT, and Zipkin, EF. 2021. Changes in climate drive recent monarch butterfly dynamics. Nature Ecology and Evolution. 5:1441-1452.

Human actions are leading rises in global temperatures and brachycephalic (smush-faced) dogs are increasing in popularity, but these dogs are at an increased risk of developing heat-related illnesses. Therefore, it is important to know the clinical signs associated with heat stroke to help best prevent this disease. Episode Hosts: Allison Crowell, Ariana Dickson, Megan Slaughter Course Coordinators & Podcast Ringmasters: Colleen Duncan, Molly Carpenter, Treana Mayer Audio Engineer: Ethan Fagre Special Guests: Dr. Carissa Tong, DVM, DACVECC and Tricia Fry, pug owner and PhD candidate EPISODE NOTES: Brachycephalic dogs, well-known as our “smush-faced” friends (think: English bulldogs, French bulldogs, pugs, Boston Terriers, etc) have been rising in popularity in both the US and UK in the last decade. As adorable as these dogs are, both in looks and in temperament, these breeds are predisposed to heat-related illnesses. Considering this, rising global temperatures due to climate change will only increase the risk for these dogs. Join us as we explore why brachycephalic dogs are so prone to heat stroke, the signs to look for in your pets, and what you can do to help against climate change. References: Increasing Popularity in the UK: O'Neill, D.G., Darwent, E.C., Church, D.B., Brodbelt, D.C., 2016. Demography and health of Pugs under primary veterinary care in England. Canine Genet Epidemiol 3, 5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40575-016-0035-z Increasing registrations in the US: Humane Society Veterinary Medicine Association. The Cost of Cuteness: Health and Welfare Issues Associated with Brachycephalic Dog Breeds. (last accessed Nov 29, 2021). IPPC Report: Masson-Delmotte, V., Zhai, P., Pirani,A., Connors, S.L., Péan,C, Berger, S., Caud N., Chen, Y., Goldfarb, L., Gomis, M.I., Huang, M., Leitzell, K., Lonnoy,E., Matthews,J.B.R., Maycock,T.K., Waterfield,T., Yelekçi, O., Yu, R., and Zhou, B. (eds.). IPCC, 2021: Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press. Article about increased risk of heat-related illness to brachycephalic breeds: Hall, E.J., Carter, A.J., O'Neill, D.G., 2020. Incidence and risk factors for heat-related illness (heatstroke) in UK dogs under primary veterinary care in 2016. Sci Rep 10, 9128. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-66015-8 Article about cooler temperatures in cities with more vegetation: Ortega-Rosas, C.I., Enciso-Miranda, C.A., Macías-Duarte, A., Morales-Romero, D., Villarruel-Sahagún, L., 2020. Urban vegetation cover correlates with environmental variables in a desert city: insights of mitigation measures to climate change. Urban Ecosyst 23, 1191–1207.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-020-00982-8 Link to tree-planting project in Colorado: The Institute for Environmental Solutions

Natural disasters are increasing in intensity and severity and companion animals are often adversely impacted however they have not been included in evacuation plans historically, so communities and rescue organizations need to work together to provide adequate resources for companion animal owners in preparation for disasters. Episode Hosts: Michelle Ledru, Megan Sekiya Course Coordinators & Podcast Ringmasters: Colleen Duncan, Molly Carpenter, Treana Mayer Audio Engineer: Ethan Fagre Special Guests: Dr. Ragan Adams, Erik Thompson Episode Notes In the most recent IPCC report, it was stated that extreme weather events are becoming more frequent and severe. Humans and animals alike will be negatively impacted by these natural disasters. In Hurricane Katrina, Snowball, a little dog that could not get on the evacuation bus with his child owner spurred the PETS act. This act states that FEMA will only provide funds to organizations that include plans for the rescue and essential needs of animals. This episode covers the progress that's been made in disaster planning since the PETS act was implemented and how you can be prepared for a natural disaster before it hits your area. References Chadwin R. Evacuation of Pets During Disasters: A Public Health Intervention to Increase Resilience. Am J Public Health. 2017;107(9):1413-1417. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303877 Farmer A. K. and DeYoung S. E. The Pets of Hurricane Matthew: Evacuation and Sheltering with Companion Animals. Anthrozoös. 2019; 32(3):419-433. DOI: 10.1080/08927936.2019.1598661 Glassey S. Did Harvey Learn from Katrina? Initial Observations of the Response to Companion Animals during Hurricane Harvey. Animals. 2018; 8(4):47. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani8040047 Hoegh-Guldberg, O., D. Jacob, M. Taylor, M. Bindi, S. Brown, I. Camilloni, A. Diedhiou, R. Djalante, K.L. Ebi, F. Engelbrecht, J. Guiot, Y. Hijioka, S. Mehrotra, A. Payne, S.I. Seneviratne, A. Thomas, R. Warren, and G. Zhou, 2018: Impacts of 1.5ºC Global Warming on Natural and Human Systems. In: Global Warming of 1.5°C. An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, H.-O. Pörtner, D. Roberts, J. Skea, P.R. Shukla, A. Pirani, W. Moufouma-Okia, C. Péan, R. Pidcock, S. Connors, J.B.R. Matthews, Y. Chen, X. Zhou, M.I. Gomis, E. Lonnoy, T. Maycock, M. Tignor, and T. Waterfield (eds.)]. In Press.

Cyanobacteria is a deadly toxin and is found in fresh and brackish bodies of water worldwide but it is increasing in prevalence due to climate change and urbanization therefore we need to do more to increase awareness and prevent future blooms. Episode Hosts: Angela Warner, Lauren Rush & Val Wright Course Coordinators & Podcast Ringmasters: Colleen Duncan, Molly Carpenter & Treana Mayer Audio Engineer: Ethan Fagre Special Guests: Dr. Claire Tucker & Dr. Daniel Gustafson Episode Notes: Blue/green algae (cyanobacteria) is found in fresh and brackish bodies of water and is DEADLY to animals and humans. Due to increased urbanization, water runoff and climate change these algal blooms are increasing worldwide. Join us to learn more about the biology of this toxin, what people may or may not already know about cyanobacteria, clinical signs and cases in dogs (the companion animal most likely to die from this toxin) and ways we can all help to prevent/lessen the incidence of these dangerous blooms. ASPCA Poison Control Center: 1-888-426-4435 References: Algae, cyanobacteria blooms, and climate change. Climate Institute. (n.d.). Retrieved December 1, 2021, from http://climate.org/algae-cyanobacteria-blooms-and-climate-change/. Anneville, O., Domaizon, I., Kerimoglu, O. et al. Blue-Green Algae in a “Greenhouse Century”? New Insights from Field Data on Climate Change Impacts on Cyanobacteria Abundance. Ecosystems 18, 441–458 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-014-9837-6 Beasley VR, Dahlem AM, Cook WO, et al. Diagnostic and Clinically Important Aspects of Cyanobacterial (Blue-Green Algae) Toxicoses. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. 1989;1(4):359-365. Blue-green algae. Washington State Department of Health. (n.d.). Retrieved December 1, 2021, from https://www.doh.wa.gov/CommunityandEnvironment/Contaminants/BlueGreenAlgae. Blue-green algae and harmful algal blooms. Minnesota Pollution Control Agency. (2021, November 8). Retrieved December 1, 2021, from https://www.pca.state.mn.us/water/blue-green-algae-and-harmful-algal-blooms. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021, April 19). Causes and ecosystem impacts. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved December 1, 2021, from https://www.cdc.gov/habs/environment.html#bb. Environmental Protection Agency. (n.d.). EPA. Retrieved December 1, 2021, from https://www.epa.gov/nutrientpollution/climate-change-and-harmful-algal-blooms. Sebbag, L., Smee, N., van der Merwe, D., & Schmid, D. (2013, September 1). Liver failure in dog following suspected ingestion of blue-green algae (Microcystis spp.): A case report and review of the Toxin. Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association. Retrieved December 1, 2021, from https://meridian.allenpress.com/jaaha/article/49/5/342/176787/Liver-Failure-in-a-Dog-Following-Suspected.

Hiking with our dogs is a healthy activity and we want to protect our outdoor spaces, but dogs and their owners have a big impact on the environment. Therefore, it is important to educate ourselves on how to implement the best practices for hiking with our dogs. We interview Isabella Harris to learn more about the impacts of dogs on trails and what we can do to preserve them. Together, we can work to connect with nature and take care of the world around us. Episode Hosts: Lily Crandall, Delaney Leffel Course Coordinators & Podcast Ringmasters: Colleen Duncan, Molly Carpenter, Treana Mayer Audio Engineer: Ethan Fagre Sources: Interview: Isabella Harris Education Specialist at the City of Fort Collins Natural Areas. Ms. Harris specializes in education programs focusing on how to enjoy local natural areas safely. Yuma, P., Fowler, J., Duerr, F., Kogan, L., Stockman, J., Graham, D. J., & Duncan, C. (2019). Promoting outdoor physical activity for people and pets: Opportunities for veterinarians to engage in public health. Topics in Companion Animal Medicine, 34, 18–21. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.tcam.2018.11.002 Admin, et al. “Alpine Vegetation and the Struggle to Survive.” Colorado Fourteeners Initiative, 15 July 2016, https://www.14ers.org/alpine-vegetation-and-the-struggle-to-survive/.

Climate change is causing increased global temperatures, and this is expanding the range and season in which Heartworm is found. But not every client is diligent in administering heartworm preventatives, therefore veterinarians need to adapt their educational tactics to help minimize heartworm infections. Episode Hosts: Zoe Olmsted, Haleakala Harroun Course Coordinators & Podcast Ringmasters: Colleen Duncan, Molly Carpenter, Treana Mayer Audio Engineer: Ethan Fagre Special Guests: Dr. Marianne Krumdick Episode Notes: With the climate continuing to change, the habitats of mosquitoes are expanding, and may be increasing the potential of your furry friend contracting heartworm disease. We talked to Dr. Marianne Krumdick to get the scoop on both treating heartworm as a veterinarian and juggling a heartworm positive pup at home. Listen for more information about climate change, heartworm prevention and treatment, and more! References: Sassnau, R., et al. “Climate Suitability for the Transmission of Dirofilaria Immitis and D. Repens in Germany.” Veterinary Parasitology, vol. 205, no. 1-2, 2014, pp. 239–245., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.06.034. https://www.heartwormsociety.org/ https://capcvet.org/

Ecotourism is a valuable tool to promote conservation and provide support to local communities, but it can also have negative impacts when practiced irresponsibly. Therefore, ecotourism should be practiced conscientiously so that the rewards outweigh the consequences. Episode Hosts: Andy, Madi, Callie Course Coordinators & Podcast Ringmasters: Colleen Duncan, Molly Carpenter, Treana Mayer Audio Engineer: Ethan Fagre Special Guest: Dr. Mike Cranfield Episode Notes: Ecotourism is meant to be a way to combine sustainability, travel, and natural experiences. Ideally, a successful ecotourism program supports and contributes to its surrounding local community. Often times, we think of ecotourism through experiences like Gorilla trekking, or safari, but it also includes guided trips through national parks, and other natural areas that might be in your own backyard. This podcast explores the highs and lows of ecotourism and provides tips to be a more responsible ecotourist in your backyard. For more information check out these resources: https://ecotourism.org/ https://www.gorilladoctors.org/ Stronza, A., Hunt, C., Fitzgerald, L. 2019. Ecotourism for Conservation? Annual Review of Environment and Resources. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-101718-033046 Wonder, Sven. 2000. Ecotourism and economic incentives – an empirical approach. Ecological Economics. DOI: 10.1016/S0921-8009(99)00119-6

With rising temperatures and a changing climate, the range of disease vectors continues to expand into novel areas. This will expose people and animal populations to new diseases, but this issue is seldom discussed in public discourse. Therefore, we bring this issue to the forefront using bluetongue as a model for expanding vector-borne diseases, their impacts on livestock populations, and how we can best enact change in our communities and beyond. Episode Hosts: Caroline Kern-Allely, Tiera McAdam, Adam Hernandez Course Coordinators & Podcast Ringmasters: Colleen Duncan, Molly Carpenter, Treana Mayer Sound Editor: Ethan Fagre Guest: Dr. Christie Mayo, DVM, PhD Summary: We spoke to Cam the Ram, Colorado State University's beloved mascot, in order to get a better understanding of what's been bugging him about climate change. One problem he kept ruminating on was the potential influence of climate change on vector-borne diseases. We began to investigate the issue of vector-borne diseases and discovered that they will increase in prevalence with rising temperatures. Warmer temperatures allow vectors to expand into novel ranges, increase their infective seasons, and change their transmission dynamics. We focused on bluetongue virus disease (BVD) to tell the story of vector-borne diseases of particular note to Cam. In order to do so, we called on the knowledge of Dr. Christie Mayo (DVM, PhD) from Colorado State University, an expert on BVD and virology to give us the inside scoop. References Information on Climate Change and Vector-Borne Diseases Bartlow, A. W., Manore, C., Xu, C., Kaufeld, K. A., Del Valle, S., Ziemann, A., Fairchild, G., & Fair, J. M. (2019). Forecasting zoonotic infectious disease response to climate change: Mosquito Vectors and a changing environment. Veterinary Sciences, 6(2), 40. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci6020040 Bett, B., Kiunga, P., Gachohi, J., Sindato, C., Mbotha, D., Robinson, T., Lindahl, J., & Grace, D. (2017). Effects of climate change on the occurrence and distribution of livestock diseases. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 137, 119–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2016.11.019 Caminade, C., McIntyre, K. M., & Jones, A. E. (2018). Impact of recent and future climate change on vector-borne diseases. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1436(1), 157–173. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.13950 Rocklöv, J., & Dubrow, R. (2020). Climate change: An enduring challenge for vector-borne disease prevention and Control. Nature Immunology, 21(5), 479–483. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-020-0648-y Brand, S. P., & Keeling, M. J. (2017). The impact of temperature changes on vector-borne disease transmission: Culicoides midges and bluetongue virus. Journal of The Royal Society Interface, 14(128), 20160481. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2016.0481 El Moustaid, F., Thornton, Z., Slamani, H., Ryan, S. J., & Johnson, L. R. (2021). Predicting temperature-dependent transmission suitability of bluetongue virus in Livestock. Parasites & Vectors, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-021-04826-y Gethmann, J., Probst, C., & Conraths, F. J. (2020). Economic impact of a bluetongue serotype 8 epidemic in Germany. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.00065 Jones, A. E., Turner, J., Caminade, C., Heath, A. E., Wardeh, M., Kluiters, G., Diggle, P. J., Morse, A. P., & Baylis, M. (2019). Bluetongue risk under future climates. Nature Climate Change, 9, 153-157. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0376-6

Episode Hosts: Melissa Chromik, Anna Dondero, Malea McGimsey Course Coordinators & Podcast Ringmasters: Colleen Duncan, Anna Fagre, Molly Carpenter, Treana Mayer Audio Engineer: Ethan Fagre Episode details: On this episode of VetCAST, we discuss marine hybrids, ranging from teeny tiny living coral reefs to the largest animal to have ever lived, the blue whale. We interview Dr. Brendan Kelly to find out a little bit about how hybridization occurs, the ways climate change may be expediting this phenomenon, and what we can do to help. Interview: Dr. Brendan Kelly, PhD. Dr. Kelly is the Executive Director of the Study of Environmental Arctic Change and a professor of marine biology with the University of Alaska. Dr. Kelly holds a PhD from Purdue University, a Master of Science degree from University of Alaska, and a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of California, all in biology. Please visit www.searcharcticscience.org to learn more about his work with SEARCH. Quilodrán, C. S., Montoya-Burgos, J. I., & Currat, M. (2020). Harmonizing hybridization dissonance in conservation. Communications biology, 3(1), 391. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-020-1116-9 Chan, W. Y., Hoffmann, A. A. & van Oppen, M. J. Hybridization as a conservation management tool. Conserv. Lett. 12 , e12652 (2019). Fogarty, N. D. Caribbean acroporid coral hybrids are viable across life history stages. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 446, 145-159 (2012). Arantes, L.S., Ferreira, L.C.L., Driller, M. et al. Genomic evidence of recent hybridization between sea turtles at Abrolhos Archipelago and its association to low reproductive output. Sci Rep 10, 12847 (2020). Pampoulie, C, Gíslason, D, Ólafsdóttir, G, et al. Evidence of unidirectional hybridization and second‐generation adult hybrid between the two largest animals on Earth, the fin and blue whales. Evol Appl. 2020; 00: 1– 8. https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.13091

Episode Hosts: Savannah Snell, Julia Wright, Caity Erickson Course Coordinators & Podcast Ringmasters: Colleen Duncan, Anna Fagre, Molly Carpenter, Treana Mayer Audio Engineer: Ethan Fagre Episode notes: We, like many people, love walking our dogs off leash. It gives the dogs a lot more freedom and exercise than walking them on leash, plus we're not getting pulled around by them or trying to keep them moving (especially when you have a Basset Hound like I do). As much as we love walking our dogs off leash, we realized we never really stopped to think about the impact of our dogs on the natural environments in which we walk them. What do prey species think about these carnivores coming into their homes? What do wild canid species think about dog scents in their territory? Join us as we explore the true impacts dogs have on wildlife in our communities and offer some great solutions for keeping these impacts to a minimum. Additional sources for listeners who want to learn more: Why leashing Dogs Is an Easy Way to Protect Birds and Their chicks Bad Dog- A new study examines the wildlife impacts of free-range canines Impacts of Dogs on Wildlife: Excerpts from Recent Research & Reviews 3 Reasons to Keep Your Dog on a Leash When You Are Out in Nature Hiking With Dogs: Tips For Hitting The Trail

Episode Hosts: Alyssa De La Torre, Fion Hung, Bernadette Maertens Course Coordinators & Podcast Ringmasters: Colleen Duncan, Anna Fagre, Molly Carpenter, Treana Mayer Audio Engineer: Ethan Fagre Episode notes: Guest names: Dr. Giancarlo López-Martínez, Christina Geldert https://www.un.org/en/observances/bee-day https://ucnrs.org/role-honey-bees-ecosystem-pollination/ http://www.fao.org/pollination/en/

Episode Hosts: Brendan Kerlin, Amanda Diaz Course Coordinators & Podcast Ringmasters: Colleen Duncan, Anna Fagre, Molly Carpenter, Treana Mayer Audio Engineer: Ethan Fagre Meet the penguins of the show at the New England Aquarium: African Penguins of NE Aquarium: African Penguin - New England Aquarium (neaq.org) Webcam: Penguin Colony Webcam - New England Aquarium (neaq.org) SANCCOB https://sanccob.co.za/

Episode Hosts: Taylor Reiter, Jackson Runte, Jon Maxwell Course Coordinators & Podcast Ringmasters: Colleen Duncan, Anna Fagre, Molly Carpenter, Treana Mayer Audio Engineer: Ethan Fagre Episode References: Noise Pollution Changes Avian Communities and Species Interactions: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982209013281 SciShow video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i9qMbTba6qk&feature=emb_title National Science Foundation article on this story: https://www.nsf.gov/news/news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=123538#:~:text=Rattlesnake%20Canyon%20Wildlife%20Area%20in%20New%20Mexico%20was,prefer%20noisy%20nesting%20sites%3B%20other%20birds%20stay%20away. 13 Awesome Facts About Bats. (2016, October 24). https://www.doi.gov/blog/13-facts-about-bats Goerlitz, H. R., Greif, S., & Siemers, B. M. (2008). Cues for acoustic detection of prey: Insect rustling sounds and the influence of walking substrate. Journal of Experimental Biology, 211(17), 2799–2806. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.019596 Gomes, D. G. E., Page, R. A., Geipel, I., Taylor, R. C., Ryan, M. J., & Halfwerk, W. (2016). Bats perceptually weight prey cues across sensory systems when hunting in noise. Science, 353(6305), 1277–1280. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaf7934 How bats hunt in noise pollution. (2016, October 4). THE WILDLIFE SOCIETY. https://wildlife.org/how-bats-hunt-in-noise-pollution/ Hush, humans: We're trying to survive here - ProQuest. (n.d.). Retrieved November 17, 2020, from https://www-proquest-com.ezproxy2.library.colostate.edu/docview/1657796885?accountid=10223 Luo, J., Siemers, B. M., & Koselj, K. (2015). How anthropogenic noise affects foraging. Global Change Biology, 21(9), 3278–3289. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12997 Myczko, Ł., Sparks, T. H., Skórka, P., Rosin, Z. M., Kwieciński, Z., Górecki, M. T., & Tryjanowski, P. (2017). Effects of local roads and car traffic on the occurrence pattern and foraging behaviour of bats. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 56, 222–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2017.08.011 https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2019.0649 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK221255/ https://www.int-res.com/articles/esr2014/24/n024p221.pdf

Episode hosts: Ilana Weisberg, Blaire MacNeill, and Sarah Gitterman Course Coordinators & Podcast Ringmasters: Colleen Duncan, Anna Fagre, Molly Carpenter, Treana Mayer Audio Engineer: Ethan Fagre Works Cited: Audobon. “Climate Watch Results Report: 2016-2018.” Audobon Community Science, June 2019, pp. 1–16., doi:https://nationalaudubon.app.box.com/s/b19h0tld7291cpl3uexisfr7ib6hzjmf. “Climate Watch.” Audubon, 2019, www.audubon.org/conservation/climate-watch. Environmental Protection Agency, United States. “What Climate Change Means for Colorado.” EPA Climate Change, 19 Jan. 2017, 19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-09/documents/climate-change-co.pdf. Jenni, Lukas, and Marc Kéry. “Timing of Autumn Bird Migration under Climate Change: Advances in Long–Distance Migrants, Delays in Short–Distance Migrants.” Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, vol. 270, no. 1523, 2003, pp. 1467–1471., doi:10.1098/rspb.2003.2394. Pillar, Andrew G., et al. “Population Response to Environmental Productivity throughout the Annual Cycle in a Migratory Songbird.” Population Ecology, vol. 57, no. 1, 2014, pp. 163–173., doi:10.1007/s10144-014-0467-9. Society, National Audubon. “Climate Change Is Pushing Bird Boundaries, Community Scientists Confirm.” Audubon, 27 Apr. 2020, www.audubon.org/news/climate-change-pushing-bird-boundaries-community-scientists-confirm. Society, National Audubon. “How to Join Climate Watch, a Community Science Program from Audubon.” Audubon, 7 May 2020, www.audubon.org/news/how-join-climate-watch-community-science-program-audubon.

Episode Hosts: Christie Gosse, Hannah Villhauer Course Coordinators & Podcast Ringmasters: Colleen Duncan, Anna Fagre, Molly Carpenter, Treana Mayer Audio Engineer: Ethan Fagre Episode details: Are you curious about the impact of food waste? If so, this episode is for you! Hannah and Christie delve into how much food is wasted, how food waste impacts climate change, food waste's effects on wildlife, and what can be done to decrease our food waste production. Food waste is a commonly overlooked issue that has both direct and indirect effects on people, animals, and the environment. Luckily, there's a lot we can do to have a big impact within our communities! Want to learn more? Check out these links! https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/is-frances-groundbreaking-food-waste-law working#:~:text=According%20to%20France's%20National%20Environmental,Restaurants%20contribut e%2014%20percent. https://www.epa.gov/recycle/composting-home https://www.epa.gov/recycle/donating-food https://e360.yale.edu/features/unnatural_balance_how_food_waste_impacts_worlds_wildlife Works Cited Bloch, Sam. “Study: 29 Million American Adults Don't Have Enough to Eat-a Threefold Increase since 2018.” The Counter, 15 Sept. 2020, thecounter.org/covid-19-hunger-food-insecurity-crisis-america/. “Colorado Wildlife Management.” Boulder Bear Coalition, 4 Nov. 2018, boulderbearcoalition.org/colorado-wildlife management/. Esque, Todd, et al. “Effects of Subsidized Predators, Resource Variability, and Human Population Density on Desert Tortoise Populations in the Mojave Desert, USA.” Endangered Species Research, vol. 12, 14 June 2010, pp. 167– 177. Feldstein, Stephanie. “Wasting Biodiversity: Why Food Waste Needs to Be a Conservation Priority.” Biodiversity, vol. 18, no. 2-3, 2017, pp. 75–77. “Food Waste FAQs.” USDA, www.usda.gov/foodwaste/faqs. “Food Waste in America in 2020: Statistics & Facts.” Recycle Track Systems, www.rts.com/resources/guides/food waste-america/. Kirby, Rebecca, et al. “The Cascading Effects of Human Food on Hibernation and Cellular Aging in Free-Ranging Black Bears.” Scientific Reports, vol. 9, no. 1, 2019. “Water in Agriculture.” World Bank, 8 May 2020, www.worldbank.org/en/topic/water-in-agriculture.

Episode Hosts: Kate BaDour and Melissa Clark Course Coordinators & Podcast Ringmasters: Colleen Duncan, Anna Fagre, Molly Carpenter, Treana Mayer Audio Engineer: Ethan Fagre Episode Details: Join Melissa Clark and Kate BaDour, UAF/CSU Collaborative Veterinary Program students, in Fairbanks, AK for an exciting discovery of ticks and tick-borne diseases in Alaska! We are sitting down with the lead researcher of the tick surveillance program, Micah Hanh to discuss her recently publish paper and the success of her collaborative program with Dr. Robert Gerlach, the Submit a Tick Program. The link to Micah Hanh's research can be found below. We will also be interviewing Dr. Gerlach on the Submit a Tick Program and his thoughts on the tick emergence in Alaska. We also have an appearance from fellow UAF/CSU Collaborative Veterinary Program student and Once Health Masters student, Renate Schlaht who has an exciting new research project looking at tick-borne diseases in domestic animals throughout Alaska. We have a lot of exciting new research for you all and know that it makes for an overwhelming episode, so we have included plenty of supplemental information below! Featuring guests: University of Alaska-Anchorage environmental epidemiologist and Assistant Professor of Environmental Health, Micah Hahn State Veterinarian Dr. Robert Gerlach, VMD Renate Schlaht, UAF/CSU DVM Candidate Class of 2023 To learn more about Alaska's Submit-A-Tick program, follow the link below. https://dec.alaska.gov/eh/vet/ticks/submit-a-tick/

Episode Hosts: Zack George, Maria Koytcheva, Leah Sauerwein Course Coordinators & Podcast Ringmasters: Colleen Duncan, Anna Fagre, Molly Carpenter, Treana Mayer Audio Engineer: Ethan Fagre Episode References: (2017, 10/24/2017). "13 Awesome Facts About Bats." Retrieved 11/15/2020, 2020, from https://www.doi.gov/blog/13-facts-about-bats. Adams, R. A. (2018). "Dark side of climate change: species-specific responses and first indications of disruption in spring altitudinal migration in myotis bats." Journal of Zoology 304(4): 268-275. Afelt, A., et al. (2018). Bats, Bat-Borne Viruses, and Environmental Changes, InTech. Amman, B. R., et al. (2014). "Marburgvirus Resurgence in Kitaka Mine Bat Population after Extermination Attempts, Uganda." 20(10): 1761-1764. Bittle, J. (2019). "A Heat Wave in Australia Killed 23,000 Spectacled Flying Foxes." onEarth. Retrieved 11/15/2020, 2020, from https://www.nrdc.org/onearth/heat-wave-australia-killed-23000-spectacled-flying-foxes#:~:text=%E2%80%BA%20Species%20Watch-,A%20Heat%20Wave%20in%20Australia%20Killed%2023%2C000%20Spectacled%20Flying%20Foxes,but%20it%20may%20become%20so. Bunkley, J. P., et al. (2015). "Anthropogenic noise alters bat activity levels and echolocation calls." Global Ecology and Conservation 3: 62-71. Luo, J., et al. (2013). "Global warming alters sound transmission: differential impact on the prey detection ability of echolocating bats." 11(91): 20130961-22013096. Molina-Freaner, F. and L. E. Eguiarte (2003). "The pollination biology of two paniculate agaves (Agavaceae) from northwestern Mexico: contrasting roles of bats as pollinators." American Journal of Botany 90(7): 1016-1024. O'Shea, T. J., et al. (2014). "Bat Flight and Zoonotic Viruses." Emerging Infectious Diseases 20(5): 741-745. O'Shea, T. J., et al. (2016). "Multiple mortality events in bats: a global review." Mammal Review 46(3): 175-190. Pulliam, J. R. C., et al. (2012). "Agricultural intensification, priming for persistence and the emergence of Nipah virus: a lethal bat-borne zoonosis." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 9(66): 89-101. Sherwin, H. A., et al. (2013). "The impact and implications of climate change for bats." Mammal Review 43(3): 171-182. Song, S., et al. (2019). "Bats adjust temporal parameters of echolocation pulses but not those of communication calls in response to traffic noise." Integrative Zoology 14(6): 576-588. Straka, T. M., et al. (2019). "Tree Cover Mediates the Effect of Artificial Light on Urban Bats." Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 7. Welbergen, J. A., et al. (2008). "Climate change and the effects of temperature extremes on Australian flying-foxes." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 275(1633): 419-425. Williams-Guillén, K., et al. (2016). Bats in the Anthropogenic Matrix: Challenges and Opportunities for the Conservation of Chiroptera and Their Ecosystem Services in Agricultural Landscapes, Springer International Publishing: 151-186. Fun Links: “13 Awesome Facts About Bats”

Episode Hosts: Cass Bouse-Eaton, Sara Wist, Danielle Weaver Course Coordinators & Podcast Ringmasters: Colleen Duncan, Anna Fagre, Molly Carpenter, Treana Mayer Audio Engineer: Ethan Fagre Episode Details: Welcome to the Horse Episode! At the time of production, in the fall of 2020, the fires in Colorado were in our thoughts. Therefore, in this episode, we focus on the effects of smoke inhalation on horses, compare it to dust inhalation in the American Southwest, and look at management practices which equestrians can use to manage these conditions in their loyal steeds, with help from a few veterinary specialists. We also look at normal anatomy and physiology of horses and look into the literature available on smoke inhalation and dust in horses. Long story short, inhalations of particulates in dust and smoke can cause respiratory problems in horses, and the best ways to avoid those issues are to mitigate dust and smoke in the horses' environment, as much as possible. Finally, for those who would like to help out equids (and their humans) who are suffering from wildfires and other difficulties, we talk about the AAEP Foundation, a philanthropic and volunteer organization. We hope you find this episode informative and enjoyable! Special Guests: Dr. Katie Seabaugh, an Equine Sports Medicine Veterinarian at Colorado State University Dr. Karla Lombana, an Equine Veterinarian in Tucson, Arizona References: Frandson RD, Wilke WL, Fails AD. “Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals” (7e) Bond SL, Greco-Otto P, MacLeod J,Galezowski A, Bayly W, Léguillette R. Efficacy of dexamethasone, salbutamol, and reduced respirable particulate concentration on aerobic capacity in horses with smoke-induced mild asthma. J Vet Intern Med. 2020;34:979–985. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.15696BOND ET AL. 985 Ivester KM, Couetil LL, Zimmerman NJ. Investigating the Link between Particulate Exposure and Airway Inflammation in the Horse. J Vet Intern Med. 2014;28:1653-1665. DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12458

Episode Hosts: Yoshua Goodman, Ryan DeKay, & Jessie Overton Course Coordinators & Podcast Ringmasters: Colleen Duncan, Anna Fagre, Molly Carpenter, Treana Mayer Audio Engineer: Ethan Fagre Episode Details: Special guest: Josh Nehring, Senior Aquatic Biologist for the State of Colorado Natural Disasters: Plan Ahead for Animals' Safety https://vetmed.illinois.edu/pet_column/natural-disasters-plan-ahead-animals-safety/ Pets and disasters https://www.avma.org/resources/pet-owners/emergencycare/pets-and-disasters Disaster Preparedness for Veterinary Practices: https://www.avma.org/sites/default/files/resources/vet_practices_brochure.pdf Large animals and livestock in disasters: https://www.avma.org/resources/pet-owners/emergencycare/large-animals-and-livestock-disasters Disaster Planning For Horse Farms: https://aaep.org/issue/disaster-planning-horse-farms Equine Emergency-Evacuation Kit Checklist: https://thehorse.com/137996/equine-emergency-evacuation-kit-checklist/

Episode Hosts: Hannah DeZara, Clarissa Carver, Maggie Best Course Coordinators & Podcast Ringmasters: Colleen Duncan, Anna Fagre, Molly Carpenter, Treana Mayer Audio Engineer: Ethan Fagre Episode Details: Wolves play a complex role in their ecosystem and in our human history. The presence of the wolf creates environmental harmony at virtually every trophic level beneath them. But if that's the case, why is wolf reintroduction so controversial? Join us as we dive into the topic of wolf reintroduction with expert Dr. Joanna Lambert. Still interested in learning more? Check out these resources: Livingwithwolves.org Marshall, Sage. Wolf Man: Election Night 2020 Could Be Rob Edward's Time to Howl. Westword. Volume 44. Number 2. September 10-16, 2020. Pp 9-14. Ripple, W. and Beschta, R., 2020. Trophic Cascades In Yellowstone: The First 15Years After Wolf Reintroduction. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0006320711004046 The Wolf That Changed America. PBS 2008. Available at: https://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/the-wolf-that-changed-america-wolf-wars-americas-campaign-to-eradicate-the-wolf/4312/. Wydeven A.P. et al. History, Population Growth, and Management of Wolves in Wisconsin. In: Wydeven A.P., Van Deelen T.R., Heske E.J. (eds) Recovery of Gray Wolves in the Great Lakes Region of the United States. Springer, New York, NY. 2009. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-85952-1_6 Zimmermann, Barbara, et al. “Behavioral Responses of Wolves to Roads: Scale-Dependent Ambivalence.” Behavioral Ecology, vol. 25, no. 6, 2014, pp. 1353–1364., doi:10.1093/beheco/aru134. https://www.joannalambert.com/about/