Podcast appearances and mentions of alan turning

Hidden in the 1950 academic paper that launched the famous 'Turning Test' of machine intelligence, is a strange mystery. British cryptographer Alan Turning argued that humans might always be able to outsmart machines, because we have supernatural powers like ESP, telepathy, and telekinesis. Turing's belief in the paranormal is just one part of the spooky side of AI. Like hauntings or seances, artificial intelligence is an exercise in self-deception; we imagine intelligence from computation and data, just like we imagine ghosts from strange lights and bumps in the night.

It was only 10 years ago, can you believe it? Craig and Meghann return with special guest Anthony Armentano (Listen To The Movie Podcast) to talk Chris Kyle, Alan Turning, Martin Luther King Jr., Stephen Hawking, and a few fictional characters as well.

Humanoid Robot Artist Ai-da Just Made History at Sotheby’s Auction House, with its portrait of computer science pioneer Alan Turning selling for $1.3M. What we know after 43 monkeys escaped a South Carolina research facility. The Beatles make AI history with Grammy Nominations.  Elon Musk just unveiled Tesla's $30k driverless Robo-taxi, a surprise 20-person Robo-van, and made a big hubbub about Optimus—all without a steering wheel! WTF? OpenAI Wins an important legal case brought by Alternet and Raw Story, in what could be a significant ruling in the larger battle against Artificial intelligence. Little Pig - Your Cloud Server Solution.

This week, host Isaac Butler talks to composer and bandleader Darcy James Argue, who fronts the 18-piece big band jazz group Secret Society. In the interview, Darcy talks about the thought processes that go into his compositions, like how his interest in mathematician Alan Turning inspired a track on the group's most recent album Dynamic Maximum Tension. He also discusses the many hats he needs to wear, how he balances complexity and accessibility in his music, and how he makes the most of rehearsal time with such a big group.  After the interview, Isaac and co-host Ronald Young Jr. talk about the challenges and discomforts of self-promotion.  In the exclusive Slate Plus segment, Darcy explains how he decides how to assign solos in his big band music.  Send your questions about creativity and any other feedback to working@slate.com or give us a call at (304) 933-9675. Podcast production by Cameron Drews. If you enjoy this show, please consider signing up for Slate Plus. Slate Plus members get an ad-free experience across the network and exclusive content on many shows—you'll also be supporting the work we do here on Working. Sign up now at slate.com/workingplus to help support our work. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

This week, host Isaac Butler talks to composer and bandleader Darcy James Argue, who fronts the 18-piece big band jazz group Secret Society. In the interview, Darcy talks about the thought processes that go into his compositions, like how his interest in mathematician Alan Turning inspired a track on the group's most recent album Dynamic Maximum Tension. He also discusses the many hats he needs to wear, how he balances complexity and accessibility in his music, and how he makes the most of rehearsal time with such a big group.  After the interview, Isaac and co-host Ronald Young Jr. talk about the challenges and discomforts of self-promotion.  In the exclusive Slate Plus segment, Darcy explains how he decides how to assign solos in his big band music.  Send your questions about creativity and any other feedback to working@slate.com or give us a call at (304) 933-9675. Podcast production by Cameron Drews. If you enjoy this show, please consider signing up for Slate Plus. Slate Plus members get an ad-free experience across the network and exclusive content on many shows—you'll also be supporting the work we do here on Working. Sign up now at slate.com/workingplus to help support our work. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

This week, host Isaac Butler talks to composer and bandleader Darcy James Argue, who fronts the 18-piece big band jazz group Secret Society. In the interview, Darcy talks about the thought processes that go into his compositions, like how his interest in mathematician Alan Turning inspired a track on the group's most recent album Dynamic Maximum Tension. He also discusses the many hats he needs to wear, how he balances complexity and accessibility in his music, and how he makes the most of rehearsal time with such a big group.  After the interview, Isaac and co-host Ronald Young Jr. talk about the challenges and discomforts of self-promotion.  In the exclusive Slate Plus segment, Darcy explains how he decides how to assign solos in his big band music.  Send your questions about creativity and any other feedback to working@slate.com or give us a call at (304) 933-9675. Podcast production by Cameron Drews. If you enjoy this show, please consider signing up for Slate Plus. Slate Plus members get an ad-free experience across the network and exclusive content on many shows—you'll also be supporting the work we do here on Working. Sign up now at slate.com/workingplus to help support our work. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

This week, host Isaac Butler talks to composer and bandleader Darcy James Argue, who fronts the 18-piece big band jazz group Secret Society. In the interview, Darcy talks about the thought processes that go into his compositions, like how his interest in mathematician Alan Turning inspired a track on the group's most recent album Dynamic Maximum Tension. He also discusses the many hats he needs to wear, how he balances complexity and accessibility in his music, and how he makes the most of rehearsal time with such a big group.  After the interview, Isaac and co-host Ronald Young Jr. talk about the challenges and discomforts of self-promotion.  In the exclusive Slate Plus segment, Darcy explains how he decides how to assign solos in his big band music.  Send your questions about creativity and any other feedback to working@slate.com or give us a call at (304) 933-9675. Podcast production by Cameron Drews. If you enjoy this show, please consider signing up for Slate Plus. Slate Plus members get an ad-free experience across the network and exclusive content on many shows—you'll also be supporting the work we do here on Working. Sign up now at slate.com/workingplus to help support our work. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

This week, host Isaac Butler talks to composer and bandleader Darcy James Argue, who fronts the 18-piece big band jazz group Secret Society. In the interview, Darcy talks about the thought processes that go into his compositions, like how his interest in mathematician Alan Turning inspired a track on the group's most recent album Dynamic Maximum Tension. He also discusses the many hats he needs to wear, how he balances complexity and accessibility in his music, and how he makes the most of rehearsal time with such a big group.  After the interview, Isaac and co-host Ronald Young Jr. talk about the challenges and discomforts of self-promotion.  In the exclusive Slate Plus segment, Darcy explains how he decides how to assign solos in his big band music.  Send your questions about creativity and any other feedback to working@slate.com or give us a call at (304) 933-9675. Podcast production by Cameron Drews. If you enjoy this show, please consider signing up for Slate Plus. Slate Plus members get an ad-free experience across the network and exclusive content on many shows—you'll also be supporting the work we do here on Working. Sign up now at slate.com/workingplus to help support our work. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

On this episode: Part 2 of our series on Alan Turning and Enigma: the end of World War II, the beginning of computers, and the downfall of one of the world's greatest scientists. Listen to Part 1 Support us on Patreon! Shop Modem Mischief Merch. Created, Produced & Hosted by Keith Korneluk Written & Researched by Jim Rowley Edited, Mixed & Mastered by Greg Bernhard Theme Song “You Are Digital” by Computerbandit Show Transcript

An electro-mechanical device used to break Enigma-enciphered messages about enemy military operations during the Second World War. The first bombe–named Victory and designed by Alan Turning and Gordon Welchman– started code-breaking at Bletchley Park on 14 March 1940, a year after WWII began. By the end of the war, five years later, almost 2000, mostly women, sailors and airmen operated 211 bombe machines in the effort. The allies essentially knew what the German forces were going to do before the German commanders in the field knew. Historians speculate that the effort at Bletchley Park shortened the war by years and estimate the number of lives saved to be between 14 and 21 million.

An electro-mechanical device used to break Enigma-enciphered messages about enemy military operations during the Second World War. The first bombe–named Victory and designed by Alan Turning and Gordon Welchman– started code-breaking at Bletchley Park on 14 March 1940, a year after WWII began. By the end of the war, five years later, almost 2000, mostly women, sailors and airmen operated 211 bombe machines in the effort. The allies essentially knew what the German forces were going to do before the German commanders in the field knew. Historians speculate that the effort at Bletchley Park shortened the war by years and estimate the number of lives saved to be between 14 and 21 million. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Dzisiaj będziemy mówić o szyfrach, kodach i tajnych językach. Będziemy też oczywiście mówić także o łamaniu takich szyfrów. Jak pewnie się domyślacie z tytułu tego odcinka, najwięcej czasu poświęcimy Enigmie. Zacznijmy jednak od tego co to jest szyfrowanie?Od najdawniejszych czasów ludzie wysyłali do siebie wiadomości w postaci listów. Jednak po drodze ktoś mógł taki list przeczytać. Dzisiaj ludzie wysyłają emaile, czyli listy elektroniczne. Te listy też mogą zostać przeczytane przez obce osoby. Jak się przed tym zabezpieczyć? Można zaszyfrować taki list lub email. Wtedy nawet jak ktoś go zobaczy to nie będzie wiedział co tam jest napisane.Swój szyfr miał np. Juliusz Cezar. Mówiliśmy o nim w odcinku 111, być może pamiętacie o kalendarzu juliańskim. Tamten kalendarz nazywał się juliański, bo wprowadził go właśnie Juliusz Cezar. Prowadził on wiele wojen i musiał wysyłać listy do swoich oddziałów, które były daleko. Jego wrogowie mogli jednak przechwycić takie listy i poznać sekrety Cezara. Aby się przed tym zabezpieczyć miał on swój szyfr, który nazywa się szyfrem Cezara. Na czym on polegał?Alfabet przesuwano wtedy o 3 litery i np. litery ABC zamieniały się w litery DEF. Np. słówo KOT - K zmieniało się w N, O zmieniało się w R, a T zmieniało się w W. Tak więc Cezar zamiast pisać KOT, pisał NRW. Czy jednak to jedyny sposób szyfrowania? Aby zrozumieć jak jeszcze można zaszyfrować wiadomość pomoże nam pewien kamień znaleziony w Egipcie w Afryce oraz pewne plemię Indian z Ameryki Północnej.Zacznijmy od kamienia z Rosetty. W starożytnym Egipcie ludzie zapisywali wszystko przy pomocy hieroglifów czyli takich malutkich rysuneczków (ptaszek, fale, oko, krowa). Nikt nie potrafił odczytać tych hieroglifów, tylko ci ludzie, którzy znali to pismo. Niestety wszyscy ci ludzie już dawno umarli. Jak odczytać hieroglify? Zauważcie, że dla nas jest to jak szyfr. Jak odczytano hieroglify?Na tym kamieniu trzy razy zapisano to samo. Najpierw przy pomocy hieroglifów czyli takich malutkich rysuneczków, potem przy pomocy pisma egipskiego, a na koniec literami greckimi. Ale dlaczego w Egipcie był kamień, na którym pisano hieroglifami oraz po grecku? Ostatnia królowa Egiptu, która była żoną Juliusza Cezara była z pochodzenia Greczynką, ale rządziła w Egipcie. Właśnie królowie z tej dynastii kazali zrobić ten kamień z napisami egipskimi oraz greckimi.Ludzie, którzy znaleźli ten kamień znali język grecki i potrafili go przeczytać. Dzięki temu umieli złamać ten szyfr jakim były hieroglify. Ale czy dzisiaj ludzie wykorzystują inne języki jako szyfr? Przykładem jest język Indian z Ameryki Północnej.Indianie Nawaho mieszkają tylko na terytorium USA. Tak więc tylko te wojska miały ludzi, którzy znali ten język. Podczas II wojny światowej ci Indianie pracowali przy przekazywaniu wiadomości przez radio. Po prostu rozmawiali sobie w swoim języku. Wróg też słuchał tych wiadomości, ale nic nie rozumiał, bo nie miał Indian, którzy przetłumaczyli by te wiadomości. Tylko Amerykanie mieli członków tego plemienia i tylko oni potrafili przetłumaczyć te wiadomości.Dzisiaj szczególnie zajmiemy się maszyną szyfrującą, która się nazywała Enigma. Co o niej wiemy? Enigmę zbudowali Niemcy. Później zaczęło jej używać wojsko niemieckie. A co znaczy jej nazwa? Co znaczy słowo “Enigma”? Enigma to po grecku “zagadka” i rzeczywiście szyfr enigmy był bardzo trudna zagadką do odgadnięcia.Jak działało szyfrowanie przy pomocy Enigmy? Jak pamiętacie szyfr Cezara zawsze przesuwał litery o trzy. Tak więc w szyfrze Cezara A zawsze zmieniało się w D. Tak więc gdy ktoś napisał AAA (3 “A”) to wyszło DDD (3 “D”). Niestety Enigma po każdym naciśnięciu zmieniała to o ile się przesuwał alfabet. Tak więc gdy pierwszy raz nacisnęło się A mogło się zmienić w J, a gdy drugi raz nacisnęło się A to zmieniało się w literę M. Właśnie to sprawiało, że tak trudno było złamać kod Engimy.Kto złamał ten szyfr? Na uniwersytecie w Poznaniu wybrano trzech najlepszych studentów aby ich uczyć kryptologii. Nazywali się oni: Marian Rejewski, Henryk Zygalski i Jerzy Różycki. Ale dlaczego wybrano studentów z Poznania? Aby złamać niemiecki szyfr trzeba było być dobrym z matematyki, ale trzeba było także dobrze znać język niemiecki. Wszyscy trzej studenci pochodzili z miast, które przed odzyskaniem przez Polskę niepodległości znajdowały się w zaborze pruskim czyli w Niemczech. Np. Marian Rejewski urodził się w Bydgoszczy, a Henryk Zygalski w Poznaniu. Wszyscy oni studiowali matematykę na Uniwersytecie w Poznaniu. Matematyki uczył ich profesor Krygowski. Wybrał on tych trzech najzdolniejszych studentów. Prace nad złamaniem Enigmy rozpoczęto około 1930 roku. Szyfr był bardzo trudny i złamano go dopiero w 1932 roku czyli gdzieś po dwóch latach. Ale czy to już był koniec pracy kryptologów?Niemcy każdego dnia zmieniali ustawianie kółek. Tak więc kryptolodzy rozpoczynali dzień od złamania ustawień. Zabierało to na początku około 10-15 minut. Niemcy zaczęli jednak dokładać kolejne kółka do swojej maszyny szyfrującej i złamanie kodu każdego dnia było coraz trudniejsze.25 lipca 1939 roku, czyli dwa miesiące przed wybuchem II wojny światowej, Polacy zaprosili na spotkanie Francuzów i Anglików. W jakim celu?Polscy kryptolodzy przekazali jedną maszynę deszyfrującą Francuzom, a drugą Anglikom. Wydarzyło się to 25 lipca 1939 roku w Pyrach pod Warszawą. Niestety dwa miesiące później Niemcy zaatakowali Polskę. Rok później w 1940 roku zaatakowali też Francję. Tak więc tylko Anglia mogła odczytywać szyfry Enigmy. Jak oni to robili?Jak pewnie pamiętacie aby odczytać dzienne ustawienie Engimy kryptolodzy potrzebowali najpierw 10 minut, ale potem już wielu godzin. Potrzeba było dużo liczenia, a kto liczy szybciej niż ludzie? Komputery. Tak więc Anglicy zbudowali komputer, który nazwali Colossus. Oznacza to, że był on bardzo wielki. Wiele osób uważa, że był to pierwszy komputer na świecie.Poznaliście już trzech polskich matematyków, czyli Rejewskiego, Zygalskiego i Różyckiego. Ale kto zajmował się rozszyfrowywaniem kodu Enigmy w Anglii?Alan Turning to brytyjski matematyk, który zajmował się kryptografią, ale także informatyką, czyli tworzeniem i programowaniem komputerów. Najpierw nauczył się łamania kodu Enigmy od polskich matematyków, a potem wykorzystał to do zbudowania maszyny, która potrafiła szybciej niż ludzie łamać kody. Ale gdzie Anglicy łamali te szyfry i gdzie stał Kolosus?Anglicy wykorzystali taki dworek wraz z parkiem, który nazywa się Blechley Park. W tamtych czasach nie było tam w okolicy żadnego dużego miasta. Dzisiaj jednak jest tam nowe miasto zbudowane już po wojnie, które nazywa się Milton Keynes. Tak więc dzisiaj Blechley Park znajduje się w mieście Milton Keynes, ale podczas wojny tam jeszcze nie było tego miasta.Wracając do Enigmy. Być może sądzicie, że historia Enigmy to łamanie niemieckich szyfrów i odczytywanie niemieckich wiadomości podczas II wojny światowej. To jest jednak dłuższa historia.To, że Polacy złamali szyfr enigmy utrzymywano w tajemnicy podczas wojny, aby Niemcy dalej używali tych maszyn. Myśleli oni, że mogą wysyłać wiadomości i nikt tego nie odczyta. Po wojnie wiele innych krajów dalej używało Enigmy, bo nikt nie wiedział, że ten szyfr złamano już przed wojną. Dzięki temu Anglicy mogli odczytywać wiadomości tych krajów, które po wojnie dalej korzystały z Enigmy. Ale to już inna historia.

In 1950 Alan Turing introduced an inventive test to explore whether people could distinguish between interacting with another person or with a machine. That test has been come to be known as the Turing test and it continues to be one of most important ideas in the philosophy of technology. Listen in to find out more about Alan Turning's innovative and thought provoking test. Send your comments, questions, or ideas for future episodes to eggtimerphilosophy@gmail.com Image Attribution: By Unknown author - http://www.turingarchive.org/viewer/?id=521&title=4, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=22828488

It's an undeniable pleasure to dig into a crackling spy thriller dished out by experts. The Imitation Game is an immersive true story that laces dizzying tension with raw emotion. Benedict Cumberbatch, an Emmy winner for Sherlock Holmes, turns on the brainpower again to play Alan Turing, a genius mathematician and social misfit who teamed up with a handful of cryptanalysts at London's Bletchley Park during World War II to crack the Nazis' naval code and help win the war. Before stumbling upon this amazing movie I would recommend you to listen to this amazing podcast you gonna love this... Grab your snacks and listen...

Safe to say this is the first direct sequel episode in the M3 universe. The commish called back and we rep our boy Alan Turning. SUPPORT THE BOYS patreon.com/m3podcast ALL OUR STUFF https://linktr.ee/Mthreepodcast

The boys are back with a brand new series. Ryan and Jamie discuss the exceptional work done at Bletchley Park during the Second World War by the likes of Alan Turning and Joan Clarke in breaking the German Enigma machine. They talk about the invention of computers, MI6 and Boffins.

Alan Turning was a visionary in mathematics, cryptography, computer science, code-cracking, philosophy, and more. He set the foundations for modern computing and artificial intelligence, and helped crack the Enigma Code - saving an estimated 2 years of continuing war and up to 14 million people in the process.  He was also openly gay, which led to his arrest and chemical castration by the British authorities. It's a tragic story of a brilliant life cut too short by society's inability to view gay people as human.

Breaking an unbreakable code to save, at the very least, millions and millions of lives. To possibly stop Hitler from taking over the world. That was the unimaginably stressful task assigned to a select group of codebreakers during WW2. And, the codebreaking all-stars were initially primarily composed of a group of POLISH mathematicians - I know, right? JK. And then later, British, French, and Americans helped them. They were all racing against the clock to deconstruct the most powerful encoding machine of their day - the Enigma machine. The Enigma machine allowed its operator to type in a message and then scramble it into a code that many deemed totally unbreakable. But Allied codebreakers, lead by genius Alan Turning, did break it. Over and over again. And every time they did, the Nazis created a new, advanced model. Back and forth it went for years. The Nazis used Enigma Machines for ALL their most important military communications: ambushes, bombing raids, U-boat attacks in the North Atlantic on Allied supply lines, and more. And if the codebreakers hadn't kept beating the Enigma, the war would've claimed an estimated 14 to 21 million additional lives. And Hitler might have won. THIS is our epic tale for today. Hail Nimrod!  In honor of Veteran’s Day, November 11th, we are making a Bad Magic Productions donation of $10,000 to https://veteransfoodpantry.org/. Thank you Space Lizards!  Allen and Linda Erickson founded the NW Montana Veterans Pantry & Stand Down over twenty years ago to serve the veteran community in the Flathead Valley and North West region of Montana. They have since expanded their operations to include a variety of other veteran services.   To find out more, visit: https://veteransfoodpantry.org/  Also, through November 23rd, we are accepting Giving Tree applications to help give numerous Cult of the Curious families a holiday Bojangles would be proud of. If you have children, and due to financial hardships, are worried there will no gifts to open this holiday season, we want to help! Please - copy and paste the following email: givingtree@badmagicproductions.com you can remain anonymous if you wish.  Watch the Suck on YouTube: https://youtu.be/4Sxi48qqMbo Merch  - https://badmagicmerch.com/   Discord! https://discord.gg/tqzH89v COTC private FB Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/cultofthecurious/ For all merch related questions: https://badmagicmerch.com/pages/contact Please rate and subscribe on iTunes and elsewhere and follow the suck on social media!! @timesuckpodcast on IG and http://www.facebook.com/timesuckpodcast Wanna become a Space Lizard? We're over 9500 strong! Click here: https://www.patreon.com/timesuckpodcast  Sign up through Patreon and for $5 a month you get to listen to the Secret Suck, which will drop Thursdays at Noon, PST. You'll also get 20% off of all regular Timesuck merch PLUS access to exclusive Space Lizard merch. You get to vote on two Monday topics each month via the app. And you get the download link for my new comedy album, Feel the Heat. Check the Patreon posts to find out how to download the new album and take advantage of other benefits. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Stephen Wolfram answers general questions from his viewers about science and technology as part of an unscripted livestream series. Questions include: How did Alan Turning crack the Enigma Code? - Can you explain Newton seconds law of motion? - How much of science is kept secret, either classified by the military or waiting for monetization inside private research labs? - How should we understand the double-slit experiment with light? If light is made of particles whose quantum wave functions interfere, producing the diffraction pattern we see? Or is light an electromagnetic wave that produces an interference pattern like any other wave phenomenon? - Why does no time pass at the speed of light? - Computers were inspired in particular by Turing works, right? - Where does the word compute in English come from? - Why is the Von Neumann CPU architecture still dominating instead of more parallel solutions? See the full Q&A video playlist: https://wolfr.am/youtube-sw-qa

In this episode we discuss how accurate LGBTQ+ stereotypes really are and we also tell the story of the mathematician and codebreaker, Alan Turning - one of the most prominent figures in UK queer history. Listen along with us and check out our website at www.allgaylong.com. Follow us on Twitter @allgaylong and Instagram @allgaylong_.

An electro-mechanical device used to break Enigma-enciphered messages about enemy military operations during the Second World War. The first bombe–named Victory and designed by Alan Turning and Gordon Welchman– started code-breaking at Bletchley Park on 14 March 1940, a year after WWII began. By the end of the war, five years later, almost 2000, mostly women, sailors and airmen operated 211 bombe machines in the effort. The allies essentially knew what the German forces were going to do before the German commanders in the field knew. Historians speculate that the effort at Bletchley Park shortened the war by years and estimate the number of lives saved to be between 14 and 21 million.

The name Claude Shannon has come up 8 times so far in this podcast. More than any single person. We covered George Boole and the concept that Boolean is a 0 and a 1 and that using Boolean algebra, you can abstract simple circuits into practically any higher level concept. And Boolean algebra had been used by a number of mathematicians, to perform some complex tasks. Including by Lewis Carroll in Through The Looking Glass to make words into math.  And binary had effectively been used in morse code to enable communications over the telegraph.  But it was Claude Shannon who laid the foundation for making a theory that took both the concept of communicating over the telegraph and applying Boolean algebra to get to a higher level of communication possible. And it all starts with bits, which we can thank Shannon for.  Shannon grew up in Gaylord, Michigan. His mother was a high school principal and his grandfather had been an inventor. He built a telegraph as a child, using a barbed wire fence. But barbed wire isn't the greatest conducer of electricity and so… noise. And thus information theory began to ruminate in his mind. He went off to the University of Michigan and got a Bachelors in electrical engineering and another in math. A perfect combination for laying the foundation of the future.  And he got a job as a research assistant to Vannevar Bash, who wrote the seminal paper, As We May Think. At that time, Bush was working at MIT on The Thinking Machine, or Differential Analyzer. This was before World War II and they had no idea, but their work was about to reshape everything.  At the time, what we think of as computers today, were electro-mechanical. They had gears that were used for the more complicated tasks, and switches, used for simpler tasks.  Shannon devoted his masters thesis to applying Boolean algebra, thus getting rid of the wheels, which moved slowly, and allowing the computer to go much faster. He broke down Boole's Laws of Thought into a manner it could be applied to parallel circuitry. That paper was called A Symbolic Analysis of Relay and Switching Circuits in 1937 and helped set the stage for the Hackers revolution that came shortly thereafter at MIT.  At the urging of Vannevar Bush, he got his PhD in Biology, pushing genetics forward by theorizing that you could break the genetic code down into a matrix. The structure of DNA would be discovered by George Gamow in 1953 and Watson and Crick would discover the helix and Rosalind Franklin would use X-ray crystallography to capture the first photo of the structure.  He headed off to Princeton in 1940 to work at the Institute for Advanced Study, where Einstein and von Neumann were. He quickly moved over to the National Defense Research Committee, as the world was moving towards World War II. A lot of computing was going into making projectiles, or bombs, more accurate. He co-wrote a paper called Data Smoothing and Prediction in Fire-Control Systems during the war.  He'd gotten a primer in early cryptography, reading The Gold-Bug by Edgar Allan Poe as a kid. And it struck his fancy. So he started working on theories around cryptography, everything he'd learned forming into a single theory. He would have lunch with Alan Turning during the war. He would And it was around this work that he first coined the term “information theory” in 1945. A universal theory of communication gnawed at him and formed during this time, from the Institute, to the National Defense Research Committee, to Bell Labs, where he helped encrypt communications between world leaders. He hid it from everyone, including failed relationships. He broke information down into the smallest possible unit, a bit, short for a binary digit. He worked out how to compress information that was most repetitive. Similar to how morse code compressed the number of taps on the electrical wire by making the most common letters the shortest to send. Eliminating redundant communications established what we now call compression.  Today we use the term lossless compression frequently in computing. He worked out that the minimum amount of information to send would be H = - Sigma Pi log2 Pi - or entropy.  His paper, put out while he was at Bell, was called “A mathematical theory or communication” and came out in 1948. You could now change any data to a zero or a one and then compress it. Further, he had to find a way to calculate the maximum amount of information that could be sent over a communication channel before it became garbled, due to loss. We now call this the Shannon Limit. And so once we have that, he derived how to analyze information with math to correct for noise. That barbed wire fence could finally be useful. This would be used in all modern information connectivity. For example, when I took my Network+ we spent an inordinate amount of time learning about Carrier-sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD) - a media access control (MAC) method that used carrier-sensing to defer transmissions until no other stations are transmitting. And as his employer, Bell Labs helped shape the future of computing. Along with Unix, C, C++, the transistor, the laser, information theory is a less tangible yet given what we all have in our pockets on on our wrists these days, more tangible discovery. Having mapped the limits, Bell started looking to reach the limit. And so the digital communication age was born when the first modem would come out of his former employer, Bell Labs, in 1958. And just across the way in Boston, ARPA would begin working on the first Interface Message Processor in 1967, the humble beginnings of the Internet. His work done, he went back to MIT. His theories were applied to all sorts of disciplines. But he comes in less and less. Over time we started placing bits on devices. We started retrieving those bits. We started compressing data. Digital images, audio, and more. It would take 35 or so years  He consulted with the NSA on cryptography. In 1949 he published Communication Theory of Secrecy Systems,  pushed cryptography to the next level. His paper Prediction and Entropy of Printed English in 1951 practically created the field of natural language processing, which evolved into various branches of machine learning. He helped give us the Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem, used in aliasing, deriving maximum throughput, RGB, and of course signal to noise.  He loved games. In 1941 he theorized the Shannon Number, or the game-tree complexity of chess. In case you're curious, the reason deep blue can win at chess is that it can brute force 10 to the 120th power. His love of games continued and in 1949 he presented Programming a Computer for Playing Chess. That was the first time we thought about computers playing chess. And he'd have a standing bet that a computer would beat a human grand master at chess by 2001. Garry Kasparov lost to Deep Blue in 1997. That curiosity extended far beyond chess. He would make Theseus in 1950 - a maze with a mouse that learned how to escape, using relays from phone switches. One of the earliest forms of machine learning. In 1961 he would co-invent the first wearable computer to help win a game of roulette. That same year he designed the Minivan 601 to help teach how computers worked.  So we'll leave you with one last bit of information. Shannon's maxim is that “the enemy knows the system.” I used to think it was just a shortened version of Kerckhoffs's principle, which is that it should be possible to understand a cryptographic system, for example, modern public key ciphers, but not be able to break the encryption without a private key. Thing is, the more I know about Shannon the more I suspect that what he was really doing was giving the principle a broader meaning. So think about that as you try and decipher what is and what is not disinformation in such a noisy world.  Lots and lots of people would cary on the great work in information theory. Like Kullback–Leibler divergence, or relative entropy. And we owe them all our thanks. But here's the thing about Shannon: math. He took things that could have easily been theorized - and he proved them. Because science can refute disinformation. If you let it. 

Maching learning and artificial intelligence has been in the making since Alan Turning. Only recently has it gone mainstream and it feels that everyone is getting on the act. Including the usual snake oil sellers who make claims that the underlying data that these algorithms rely on. Developers have to appreciate there is a societal element that does not take kindly to biased or discriminatory output. In short they need model risk management, a new frontier which will not come online until someone makes a catastrophic mistake. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/riskpearlswisdom/message

An electro-mechanical device used to break Enigma-enciphered messages about enemy military operations during the Second World War. The first bombe–named Victory and designed by Alan Turning and Gordon Welchman– started code-breaking at Bletchley Park on 14 March 1940, a year after WWII began. By the end of the war, five years later, almost 2000, mostly women, sailors and airmen operated 211 bombe machines in the effort. The allies essentially knew what the German forces were going to do before the German commanders in the field knew. Historians speculate that the effort at Bletchley Park shortened the war by years and estimate the number of lives saved to be between 14 and 21 million.

To celebrate our 25th episode this week we are highlighting the life, work, accomplishments, criminal accusations, and death of Alan Turing. This incredible person changed history by pioneering some of the most used technology today and being a big part of ending world war II.

Baking is BS and cooking is cool! Most of the is episode is just two Christchurch boys showing love for the garden city – its ice skating rink and dessert restaurants. Alan Turning is ever-so-briefly the Queen of The Week and Love Island is banned from schools. Plus puberty at the pool and a whole lotta biscuits. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Another day another racist comment from The Occupant in the White House. This time he's targeting four amazing Congresswomen. When are the Republicans going to step up?! Does J.Lo know that Africa is a continent? There is an update about the Maternal Mortality Crisis with the app Mahmee. Also a Black Lady 007?! What nonsense is ScarJo spewing now about all the roles she should be able to play? Nnekay is giving you some names of awesome diverse cartoons that feature LGBTQ and POC kids as their leads. James has a Quizlette for you that features: Punisher, Alan Turning, PETA and more!   QUIZLET LINKS:  Transgender kids’ brains resemble their gender identity, not their biological sex - https://bit.ly/2Lt7knV  Gay Millennial challenging a 76-year-old homophobe for a NY Congressional seat- https://bit.ly/2Y1sgEz  Alan Turning on the £50 Note - https://logo.to/2Y0HLwq  A Police Union Is Telling Cops to Use the Punisher's Logo Amid an Investigation Into Racist Social Media Posts/And the Punisher has told them to go fuck themselves, https://bit.ly/2SfBDz6 , https://bit.ly/2LVyjZ0  5. PETA- https://bit.ly/2YfFmC0   Twitter: @minoritykorner Ask Minority Korner Anything: minoritykorner@gmail.com Like Us On Facebook: Minority Korner

A special guest drops by this week, GazMaz of the MyMac ‘Show' Podcast, joins Dean and Karl to discuss the week's Apple and tech-related news stories. Apple is spending big on its upcoming shows, but so is everyone else. IAP's are in the news again after parents find some shocking charges on their credit cards. Might the UK soon be getting the Apple Credit Card and Alan Turning lands on the £50 note. All this and slightly more on this week's episode. CONTACT THE SHOW: I really would appreciate it if you could take a few moments and submit a review in iTunes. I won't ply you with adverts, just a little review is all I ask…go on, you know you want to really, don't ya? The Mac & Forth Show Patreon Page. This Month's Wonderful 'The One with the Shout Out' Funders: Teresa Hummel, Steven Leach, Matt Barton, Ron Poyotte, Gordon Jackson, Paul Beattie, Jane, Alan, Martin Meadows-Evans, Frank Jacobsen, Chris Hitarori, Keith Yarbrough, David Dean, Stephen Elliot, Andrew Cannon, Barry Gentleman and Deano. Also, thank you to all our contributors for other donations. Your support is always greatly appreciated. Or Help via PayPal. Subscribe to us on:   iTunes Overcast Pocketcast TuneIn Radio Stitcher   Contact us via Twitter, or join our Facebook group. or like our Facebook page. or our Website or via Apple News or YouTube   Theme Music: Russ Clewett

President Trump is not apologizing for his weekend tweets that four congresswomen of color should go back to the "broken and crime infested" countries they came from. All of the women are American citizens and three were born in the U.S. White House is trying to defend his remarks, which've been widely condemned by Democrats as racist. On Monday, Trump tweeted that the congresswomen ought to apologize to him for past remarks about Israel and about him. China has called on all parties to remain committed to the 2015 nuclear deal between Iran and world powers, saying the U.S. should respect the interests of others and abandon its maximum-pressure approach. China's Foreign Ministry spokesman says "all parties should keep calm and exercise restraint and stay committed to solving problems. The Bank of England has picked codebreaker and computing pioneer Alan Turing as the face of the country's new 50 pound note. His work cracking Nazi Germany's secret communications helped win World War II.

This week Jake and Sky watch the episode of Reboot: the Guardian Code we called the plot of like 4 weeks ago. Trey has to choose between wining basketball and saving the internets! We discuss what the Alan Turning "code breakers" mascot should be, the kids call him "megadoofus" this time, and we create a very tragic backstory for the coach of the baskets ball team. http://popculturefailure.podomatic.compopculturefailure@gmail.com Show: @FailedPopCultur Jake: @mdwstlvaffr Sky: @sandwichsurplus

This week Jake and Sky watch the episode of Reboot: the Guardian Code we called the plot of like 4 weeks ago. Trey has to choose between wining basketball and saving the internets! We discuss what the Alan Turning "code breakers" mascot should be, the kids call him "megadoofus" this time, and we create a very tragic backstory for the coach of the baskets ball team. http://popculturefailure.podomatic.com popculturefailure@gmail.com Show: @FailedPopCultur Jake: @mdwstlvaffr Sky: @sandwichsurplus

Time stamped show notes: [2:24] Blockchain is… [3:04] Alan Turning was the first one to do BlockChain. [4:14] Safety of BlockChain [5:00] Future of BlockChain [5:50] Scaling of BlockChain [8:00] Mining BitCoin [9:23] Holding the future of BlockChain [10:36] Bitcoin: Currency or Investment? [12:06] Use of token [13:36] Bitcoin can potentially save the economy from future economy crashes. [16:35] Bitcoin has a better investment portfolio than Apple. [17:12] Brad has a Bitcoin course. [18:10] Bitcoin can change and possibly fix our economy. [18:40] Bitcoin is the Wild Wild West for investing. [19:43] How can Bitcoin bring power back to the people? [20:34] Improvement of society through AI and Bitcoin [21:40] Scarcity [23:00] Technology never solves anything [24:20] Scarcity helped tribes survive. We are globally connected and dependent now. [26:06] Ability Issues vs. Belief Issues [27:03] Spending more time in creation mode [28:40] Social Media's eradication of isolation [29:36] Private companies are not communist. [30:50] Taking ownership of your data [32:26] Free Speech Communication [33:30] Bitcoin can be used to survive, Venezuelans [35:26] Preventing Bitcoin from being used for evil [36:22] People will find a way to meet their need, for good or for bad. [39:40] Making legal or illegal [41:30] Governments will adopt cryptocurrency as a currency. [42:28] Reading the crypto market [44:01] Speculating on demand and supply [45:00] Compromisation of Bitcoin [48:00] Bitcoin is all different and unique. [49:14] Regulatory Risk [51:20] Fallacies of Bitcoin [52:20] Too good to be true [53:40] Rule of Start-ups Three key points: Block Chain and Bitcoin's effect on the economy and society Isolation and Scarcity The potential downsides of Bitcoin Resources mentioned: Brad's Crypto Course Http://BlockGeeks.com

This week, we watch the best picture nominated biopic about the genius mathematician Alan Turning, and his immense contributions towards the defeat of Nazi Germany during World War II. Directed by Morten Tyldum.

Dr. David Gibson looks at artificial intelligence with an overview of learning theory framework from Alan Turning to genetic algorithms, including some Dilbert insight. Best Practices in Education