Podcasts about lord north

In this episode of the Anglotopia podcast, host Jonathan Thomas engages historian John Ferling in a deep exploration of the American Revolution, emphasizing its global implications and the international dynamics that shaped the conflict. Ferling discusses his extensive research, the surprising elements he uncovered, and the various perspectives from both American and British sides. The conversation also delves into the role of France in the revolution, the impact of propaganda, and the reasons behind Britain's eventual defeat. Links Shots Heard Around the World Book Link (Amazon) Shots Heart Around the World Book Link (Bookshop.org) John Ferling's Website Friends of Anglotopia Club Takeaways The American Revolution was a global conflict involving multiple powers. John Ferling's career as a historian began with a transformative college course. Research revealed significant internal dissent in Britain during the war. The Boston Tea Party marked a turning point in British-American relations. Colonial unity was underestimated by British leaders. The role of propaganda was crucial in shaping public opinion on both sides. France's secret aid was motivated by a desire for revenge against Britain. The French alliance was solidified after the American victory at Saratoga. The British military strategy was hampered by logistical challenges. Ultimately, Britain's resources were insufficient to sustain a global war. Soundbites "The American Revolution wasn't just fought in North America—there was fighting in the Caribbean, the Mediterranean, Central America, South America, Europe, Africa, on the subcontinent. It really was a global war and a very long war... America's longest war until the war in Vietnam." - John Ferling "I didn't realize that there was as much internal dissension and opposition to the war in Great Britain. By the time a couple of years had gone by, it began to appear as though this was a sinkhole that the British had gotten into... In a sense, it reminded me of the opposition to the war in Vietnam." - John Ferling "Even after the war began for more than a year, about 13-14 months after the war began, the majority of delegates in Congress still were in favor of reconciliation with Britain. They weren't pushing for independence." - John Ferling "The Boston Tea Party makes it sound like a lark, but the fact was that in today's currency, millions of dollars in private property had been destroyed. After that, the mood in England is really to get tough." - John Ferling "What surprised me about Lord North was that he's kind of like the proverbial man riding on the back of a tiger. He can't get off the tiger without being destroyed." - John Ferling "When you go to war, it's like opening the door into a dark room. You don't know what's in that room. And there's always some surprises." - John Ferling "The British underestimated just the size of America... It's a very large continent. And it was so large, in fact, that the Royal Navy, strongest Navy in the world at the time, really could not maintain the embargo that it tried to impose on American trade." - John Ferling "The French believed that the real source of British strength that had enabled Britain to win the Seven Years War was their possession of the American colonies... If the colonists would break away, become independent, then Britain would lose that source of wealth and France would be able to gain its revenge." - John Ferling Chapters 00:00 Exploring the American Revolution's Global Impact 05:28 John Ferling's Journey as a Historian 10:18 Research Insights and Surprises 16:22 The Importance of Multiple Perspectives 18:22 Inevitability of the American Revolution 25:53 Points of No Return in the Conflict 29:45 The British Response to Colonial Trade 31:21 Opposition to the War in Britain 36:15 Underestimating American Resistance 42:28 The Role of Propaganda in the War 45:41 France's Secret Aid to the Americans 52:56 France's Open Support for the Revolution 56:50 Why Britain Lost the War 01:03:00 anglotopia-podcast-outro.mp4 Video Version

In late February, 1775, Prime Minister, Lord North gets Parliament to support a supposed compromise bill that is actually designed to shore up support in Parliament for the coming war in America. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

After the fall of Lord North's Government in Britain in early 1782, the new government under Lord Rockingham reaches out to Benjamin Franklin in Paris to discuss terms for a final peace. This began a protracted negotiation on the final terms of a treaty. Blog https://blog.AmRevPodcast.com includes a complete transcript, as well as pictures, and links related to this week's episode. Book Recommendation of the Week: A Diplomatic History of American Revolution, by Jonathan Dull.   Online Recommendation of the Week: The Diplomacy of the American Revolution, by Samuel Bemis: https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.214430 Join American Revolution Podcast on Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/AmRevPodcast Ask your American Revolution Podcast questions on Quora: https://amrevpod.quora.com Join the Facebook group, American Revolution Podcast: https://www.facebook.com/groups/132651894048271 Follow the podcast on Twitter @AmRevPodcast Join the podcast mail list: https://mailchi.mp/d3445a9cd244/american-revolution-podcast-by-michael-troy  ARP T-shirts and other merch: http://tee.pub/lic/AmRevPodcast Support this podcast on Patreon https://www.patreon.com/AmRevPodcast or via PayPal http://paypal.me/AmRevPodcast Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

After news of Yorktown reaches London, Lord North's government falls. As new opposition government lead by Lord Rockingham forms despite the King's opposition. The new government focuses on recognizing American Independence and ending the war. Blog https://blog.AmRevPodcast.com includes a complete transcript, as well as pictures, and links related to this week's episode. Book Recommendation of the Week: Lord North, by W. Barring Pemberton (borrow on Archive.org).   Online Recommendation of the Week: The Correspondence of King George the Third with Lord North, Vol. 2: https://archive.org/details/correspondencek01nortgoog Join American Revolution Podcast on Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/AmRevPodcast Ask your American Revolution Podcast questions on Quora: https://amrevpod.quora.com Join the Facebook group, American Revolution Podcast: https://www.facebook.com/groups/132651894048271 Follow the podcast on Twitter @AmRevPodcast Join the podcast mail list: https://mailchi.mp/d3445a9cd244/american-revolution-podcast-by-michael-troy  ARP T-shirts and other merch: http://tee.pub/lic/AmRevPodcast Support this podcast on Patreon https://www.patreon.com/AmRevPodcast or via PayPal http://paypal.me/AmRevPodcast Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

William Pitt goes toe to toe against a large coalition led by Charles Fox and Lord North.  George 3 is on firmly on his side, all the power of the crown is bent to his support.  And yet this is not enough until public opinion finds a clear expression.  We cover the background to the rise of William Pitt, what was going in France at the time to weaken the French government, and Charles Fox and his gigantic overreach trying to take control of India.

Nick is joined by Racing Post writer Maddy Playle to discuss the latest news and developments from around the racing world. Henry de Bromhead pays tribute to A Plus Tard while also suggesting a date for Envoi Allen at Thurles this weekend. The Clerks at Ascot, Taunton and Haydock have their say as to the weekend's weather prospects, while trainer Richard Hobson looks forward to Lingfield with stable star Fugitif. Ollie Greenall explains why Iroko is back in the Festival picture, while Tom Scudamore remembers owner Peter Deal, who died yesterday. Thady Gosden brings us news on Lord North, seeking a remarkable fourth win in the Dubai Turf in March, while Laura King has this week's update from the emirate. Ellerslie Park Executive GM Craig Baker tells Nick about NZ Racing's biggest ever development project.

Nick is joined by Racing Post writer Maddy Playle to discuss the latest news and developments from around the racing world. Henry de Bromhead pays tribute to A Plus Tard while also suggesting a date for Envoi Allen at Thurles this weekend. The Clerks at Ascot, Taunton and Haydock have their say as to the weekend's weather prospects, while trainer Richard Hobson looks forward to Lingfield with stable star Fugitif. Ollie Greenall explains why Iroko is back in the Festival picture, while Tom Scudamore remembers owner Peter Deal, who died yesterday. Thady Gosden brings us news on Lord North, seeking a remarkable fourth win in the Dubai Turf in March, while Laura King has this week's update from the emirate. Ellerslie Park Executive GM Craig Baker tells Nick about NZ Racing's biggest ever development project.

In association with Betdaq: Emmet Kennedy is joined by WHR's Laura King and Barry Caul to review the key talking points from the Dubai World Cup night at Meydan, where Japan dominated with victories in the UAE Derby, Dubai Sheema Classic and the $10m Dubai World Cup. Just how good is Equinox and where will we see him next? Can Broome substitute for the injured Kyprios in the Gold Cup and will Lord North finally get the respect he deserves?! #DWC #DWC23 #DWC2023 Pay no commission for your first 100 days at BETDAQ. Join BETDAQ.com, The Sports Betting exchange today. New customers only, Terms and conditions apply. https://www.betdaq.com Show Your Support for The FFP with Likes & Shares on Twitter, Instagram or Facebook

Charlotte Greenway in for Nick, as she catches up with Japanese racing expert Naohiro Goda who reflects on another wonderful Dubai World Cup night for Japan, with 3 winners and nominates their likely target going forward. Ed Crisford also discusses the run of Algiers, who finished second in the World Cup behind Ushba Tesoro.Lee Mottershead gives his thoughts on the European runners including Lord North, who gave Frankie Dettori his first Group 1 on his Farewell Tour.Lee provides an update on the latest issues associated with affordability checks as well as uncertainty around the start time of this year's Derby. At the end of the show Martyn Chapman, syndicate manager for Crest Racing, shares his hopes for the GOFFS Bumper winner Crest of Glory, who was extremely impressive at Newbury on Saturday.

Charlotte Greenway in for Nick, as she catches up with Japanese racing expert Naohiro Goda who reflects on another wonderful Dubai World Cup night for Japan, with 3 winners and nominates their likely target going forward. Ed Crisford also discusses the run of Algiers, who finished second in the World Cup behind Ushba Tesoro. Lee Mottershead gives his thoughts on the European runners including Lord North, who gave Frankie Dettori his first Group 1 on his Farewell Tour. Lee provides an update on the latest issues associated with affordability checks as well as uncertainty around the start time of this year's Derby. At the end of the show Martyn Chapman, syndicate manager for Crest Racing, shares his hopes for the GOFFS Bumper winner Crest of Glory, who was extremely impressive at Newbury on Saturday.

After Ross Millar nailed yet another big Saturday winner in the shape of Kitty's Light at 11/4 last weekend, the SBK Betting Podcast panel look to continue their magnificent run of form as they preview the Morebattle Hurdle at Kelso. A field of 16 go to post for Kelso's feature race of the season. Emmet Mullins' Mctigue currently heads the market for a race the stable won in 2021 with The Shunter, but last year's winner Cormier returns to defend his crown for Brian Ellison. Timecodes:00:30 - Kitty's Light & Lord North review05:23 - Morebattle Hurdle Preview20:24 - NAPs & NBs 18+ Please Gamble Responsibly. #horseracing #itvracing #racingtips #frodon Visit www.begambleaware.org Download SBK: https://getsbk.com Follow us on Twitter - https://twitter.com/sbk Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Groundhog Day Time Lord North Pole Vortex Saddam Hussein Channeling (1) by Ivan Teller

Skeleton boners, mystifying birthday paradoxes, vengeful stardust, reincarnation and more!This week Britt and Alissa cover all sorts of tales of the strange and mystifying.Alissa informs us of a thing called the birthday paradox but doesn't go into too much detail because...numbers.The strangeness is how many family members she has who are born on or near the same day. Britt regails a story told by Margaret that takes place in an old abbey outside of London. Her and her roommate encounter a strange stardust like shimmering spirit who may or maynot be Lord North. We learn a little bit more about Wroxton Abbey and why it is most likely very very haunted.Alissa reads a story written by Steve, the paranormal poet of SkeleTales. He tells of the strange coincidence that has led him to believe that he very well may be the reincarnation of his great grandfather.Britt then transports you to a true teen horror movie with her story from Uncle. He tells of his journey to an abandoned cemetery with a suburban full of rowdy friends. Blue floating orbs and one terrifying red orb haunt them as they try to leave as quickly as possible.The episode is wrapped up by learning of Montana's biggest mysteries. The Vortex House of Mysteries is bound to leave one perplexed and most likely underwhelmed. But the real mystery lies in the hotel bathroom in the Belton Chalet where a little girl is known to join you while you shower.We want to hear your stories!Please e-mail them to us at Skeletalespodcast@gmail.com or leave a message at 302-689-DEAD (3323).As always thanks for listening and Haunt Y'all Later!Support the show (www.skeletalespodcast.etsy.com)Support the showWe want to hear your stories!Please e-mail them to us at Skeletalespodcast@gmail.com or leave a message at 302-689-DEAD (3323).As always thanks for listening and Haunt Y'all Later! Visit the SkeleTales shop to support the show (www.skeletalespodcast.etsy.com)

The US declaration of Independence described George III (1760-1820) as “marked by every act which may define a tyrant.” At home he was described as one of the most conscientious sovereigns who ever sat upon the English throne. Yet, he vehemently opposed catholic emancipation and the abolition of slavery. His characterisations are almost as broad as the events that unfolded during long reign. It saw an independent United States and a revolutionary France. It saw the age of enlightenment, the age of industry, science and technology and the age of imperialism that would see Europe reach the peak of its global power. Characters George III – King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain (1760-1820) and Ireland (1801-20) Charlotte of Mecklenberg-Strelitz – Queen consort of the United Kingdom of Great Britain (1760-1820) and Ireland (1801-20) Prince Frederick – father of George III, son of George II, Prince of Wales (1729-51) Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha – mother of George III Prince George – son of George III, Prince of Wales, Prince Regent of the United Kingdom (1811-20) Prince Henry – duke of Cumberland, brother of George III France Maximillien Robespierre – leading Jacobin revolutionary Charles Danton – leading Jacobin revolutionary Napoleon Bonaparte – Emperor of France Louis XVI – King of France (1774-92) Louis XVIII – King of France (1814-15, 1815-24) Marie Antoinette – Queen consort of France, wife of Louis XVI (1774-92) Pierre-Charles Villaneuve – French vice-admiral at the Battle of Trafalgar Joseph Bonaparte – King of Spain and Naples, brother of Napoleon Louis Bonaparte – King of Holland, brother of Napoleon United States Thomas Paine – English-born American revolutionary activist Benjamin Franklin – writer, diplomat and philosopher George Washington – military officer and statesman. 1st President of the United States (1789-97) James Madison – President of the United States (1809-17) Andrew Jackson – general and statesman, President of the United States (1829-37) Prime Ministers Thomas Pelham, Duke of Newcastle (1757-62) John Stuart, Earl of Bute (1762-63) George Grenville (1763-65) Charles Watson-Wentworth, Marquess of Rockingham (1765-66, 82) William Pitt (the elder), earl of Chatham – Prime Minister (1766-68) Augustus FitzRoy, Duke of Grafton (1768-70) Frederick, Lord North (1770-82) William Petty, Earl of Shelburne (1782-83) William Cavendish-Bentinck, Duke of Portland (1783, 1807-09) William Pitt (the younger) (1783-1801, 1804-06) Henry Addington (1801-04) William Grenville (1806-07) Spencer Perceval (1809-12) Robert Jenkinson, Earl of Liverpool (1812-27) Charles Fox – Whig politician Lord Effingham – in charge of the coronation Horatio Nelson – Admiral and flag officer in the Royal Navy Cuthbert Collingwood – Admiral in the Royal Navy Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington – commander at the Battle of Waterloo William Howe – commander-in-chief of the British land forces during the American War of Independence John Burgoyne – British general during the American War of Independence Charles Cornwallis – British general during the American War of Independence Thomas Gray – British poet and scholar Sarah Lennox – favourite of George John Harrison – British clockmaker and inventor of the marine chronometer Abel Tasman – Dutch seafarer and explorer James Cook – British captain and explorer Capability Brown – British gardener and landscape architect Benjamin West – American artist William Herschel – German-born British astronomer Pope Pius VI – head of the Catholic Church (1775-99)

It's time for one of the major Group 1 races of the flat season! This Saturday, the 3-year-olds take on the older horses in the £750,000 Group 1 Coral-Eclipse. The impressive French Derby winner Vadeni has been supplemented at a cost of £75,000 and heads the market ahead of Irish 2000 Guineas winner Native Trail who steps up to 1m 2f for the first time. The older horses Bay Bridge, Alenquer, Mishriff and Lord North all hold solid chances in a strong renewal of the race at Sandown.Our pundits Jess Stafford, Tom Collins and Ross Millar put forward their cases whilst also providing their best bets of the weekend and more!Timecodes:00:00 - Review of Irish Derby & Northumberland Plate05:50 - Coral-Eclipse preview16:47 - Tom, Ross & Jess best bets of the weekend21:42 - Value/Place bets of the weekend24:22 - Stats CornerNew SBK customers can get £30 in free bets by depositing £10 (Ts + Cs apply) Hosted by Jess Stafford of Racing TV, we'll be welcoming some of the biggest names in sport and horse racing for weekly tips and insight. From stats and analysis to glorious and inglorious sporting tales; all delivered from the inside rail.18+ Please Gamble Responsibly.Visit www.begambleaware.orgDownload SBK: https://getsbk.comFollow us on Twitter - https://twitter.com/sbk Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Photo:  Cartoon on Britain's problems with America and the Republic. On the right are George III and Lord North, defeated by the League of Armed Neutrality, c. 1780. On the left, a Frenchman shows a painting to a Dutchman.  Duke of Marlborough, John Churchill 1. English Prime Minister #LondonCalling: Boris Johnson and the Cost of Living. @JosephSternberg @WSJOpinion https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/boris-johnson-good-morning-britain-55wjtpw8d

New customers to Members' Club pay just £9.99 for their first month using code CAST22 - https://bit.ly/3545DJg Bruce Millington is joined by David Jennings and Robbie Wilders for this week's edition of the Racing Postcast to preview another weekend of exciting racing. The Postcast team kick off by previewing the action at Kempton, which includes three Grade 2s and the Grade 3 Coral Trophy Handicap Chase. Robbie and DJ are giving one last chance to their selections in the feature, but who are they siding with? Lingfield provides a break from the Jumps with Lord North the star horse on the card, running in the Betway Winter Derby Stakes. The panel give their tips for the rest of the races covered on ITV before picking their best bets away from the cameras. Robbie and DJ finish off with their NAPs for the weekend and give an ante-post tip for the Cheltenham Festival. 18+ BeGambleAware

Like so many good things, this one could have some fairly lousy consequences. Just like the United States, if not quite to the same extent, Britain after the War of American Independence was pushing forward the notion of limited government. The king, while still powerful, couldn't do just what he wanted. So while he'd campaigned hard to get his man, William Pitt the Younger as Prime Minister, it had been made clear that Pitt saw himself as his own man. Similarly Pitt, despite a big majority in the House of Commons, couldn't get everything his own way either. He had some wins, but he had some big losses too. Which is a good thing, if you're not keen on any individual having too much power. On the other hand, it was a pity that Pitt's big losses were on a measure which might have gone a long way to fixing the relationship between England and Ireland, and on starting to reform parliament and doing away with some of its worst abuses, which was long overdue. A pity that British parliamentarians decided that those were the issues on which to limit the power of the British government… Illustration: Cicero in Catilinam by James Sayers, published by Thomas Cornell by 17 March 1785. Pitt is standing and speaking at the dispatch box in the House of Commons. Opposite him, the obese Fox is listening and the nearly-blind Lord North is peering at a document. National Portrait Gallery 12236 Music: Bach Partita #2c by J Bu licensed under an Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivatives (aka Music Sharing) 3.0 International License

Photo:  The balance of credit   An eagle holds in his beak the beam of a pair of scales; Lord North, in profile to the left., and looking through his spy-glass, stands below, adding a document to the left. and lighter scale; the right. scale rests on the ground (or ocean) within an area inscribed 'The South Sea'. The l. beam of the scale is inscribed "1772", the right. beam "1720". On Lord North's l. scale, that of 1772, are documents inscribed 2Reduct. of Navy"; "Secret Com."; "Select Com."; North is adding one inscribed "Suspension of Supervision". The r. scale (empty) is inscribed "India Stock 00001". This is to show that the national credit in 1772 is even lower than at the time of the South Sea Bubble in 1720. The global recovery said to pull back in 2022. Liz Peek @TheHill  https://www.cnbc.com/2021/12/20/goldman-cuts-gdp-forecast-after-sen-manchin-says-he-wont-support-bidens-build-back-better-plan-.html

Losing an Empire? Not a problem if you're the world power Britain was in the late eighteenth century. You just have to build a new one. In part that would come from new journeys of so-called discovery (the people in the ‘discovered' lands didn't think they'd been undiscovered before the Europeans showed up). The most famous of the British explorers was Captain James Cook, whose sad end showed that the process didn't always run smoothly. But the biggest contribution to the new Empire would come from land Britain already held, specifically in India. There, though, its power wasn't exerted directly, but had been outsourced to the East India Company. Which led to a host of problems. A number of people tried to solve them, including Edmund Burke who attempted to impeach the Company's first Governor General in India, Warren Hastings. But no one spoke out more forcefully for India than the MP George Dempster, who went so far as to argue for its independence. Sadly, no one was listening. Illustration: Thunder, lightning and smoke published by William Moore and by W. Dickie, hand-coloured etching, 22 April 1783 National Portrait Gallery D15004. Burke and Fox float overhead with impeachment as their weapon. Lord North, beaten in North America, now lost, lies in rags on the left. In the centre is Charles Francis MP, who tried to get parliamentary control over Warren Hastings, on the right, who's rebuilding the British Empire, but this time in India. And in his own, or the East India Company's, way. Music: Bach Partita #2c by J Bu licensed under an Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivatives (aka Music Sharing) 3.0 International License

With the fall of Lord North's government, king George III found himself obliged to submit to the authority of parliament and appoint a government led by the Marquess of Rockingham, a man he deeply disliked and distrusted. His resentment was all the deeper because Rockingham, almost certainly at the urging of his secretary the remarkable Edmund Burke, laid down conditions for the formation of the government, and in particular the staggering words, “The king must not give a veto to the Independence of America.” A subject telling the king what he must not do? That was a small revolution. Rockingham's was the first of three short-lived governments whose most important achievement was the granting of US independence, the end of the war in America, and the end of the wider, world war to which it had led. Illustration: The Treaty of Paris, by Benjamin West, 1783. The painting is unfinished because the British delegation to the treaty negotiations refused to pose for it. Music: Bach Partita #2c by J Bu licensed under an Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivatives (aka Music Sharing) 3.0 International License

We've seen how the British war in North America led to yet another world war, and how that war then reacted back on the American fighting by, in effect, making the victory of the rebel colonists ultimately all but certain. In this episode, we think about what the impact of all that was on life in Britain itself. There, it played a huge role in the never-ending battle between royal and parliamentary power. The king, George III, was fighting to hang on to his still considerable prerogative, in particular to appoint ministers, including the leading figure in a government, increasingly though still not officially called the Prime Minister. Against the king and his loyal government, led by Lord North, many in the Whig Opposition wanted to see power move still further towards the parliamentary side. With the war not going particularly well, and indeed going exceptionally badly in North America, North found his position increasingly embattled. And the Opposition moved in for the kill, to bring him down and to claw more authority from the king. Successfully in the end. Though North did have the last laugh. Which must have been fun, though perhaps not enough to make up for the failure of his administration… Illustration: Frederick North, 2nd Earl of Guildford (Lord North in his time as Prime Minister), by Nathaniel Dance, 1773-74. National Portrait Gallery 3627. Music: Bach Partita #2c by J Bu licensed under an Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivatives (aka Music Sharing) 3.0 International License

It's time for that exciting moment in American (and British) history, the Boston Tea Party. But tea, as well as being a commodity deeply rooted in the British soul, is also a wonderful link between the two wings of Britain's growing Empire, India and North America. In India, of course, power was still being exercised by the East India Company. That had disastrous results in the subcontinent, and a corrupting effect in Britain. But the government found itself powerless to do anything about it, while the Indian people, especially of Bengal, suffered tragically. As for North America, that was where the East India Company, then going through lean times, was hoping that exports would help it rebuild its fortunes. Tea was to be the product that would do the trick. But in fact, it only led to another grinding step downwards in relations between mother country and colonies, one that brought closer the approaching disaster (for Britain). Illustration: Boston Tea Party. Original uploader was Cornischong at lb.wikipedia - Source:W.D. Cooper. ‘Boston Tea Party', The History of North America. London: E. Newberry, 1789.Engraving. Plate opposite p. 58. Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress. Transferred from lb.wikipedia Music: Bach Partita #2c by J Bu licensed under an Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivatives (aka Music Sharing) 3.0 International License

The moment has arrived. The Americans are, at last, revolting. And it was far from inevitable. What made sure it would happen was the brainlessness of British leaders, most specifically in this episode, General Thomas Gage in America and Lord North in London. Gage landed troops in Boston to restore order. But putting an army amongst a resentful civilian population was never going to end well. And it didn't. The killing of a child and then the event that came to be known as the Boston Massacre kept the resentments alive. But still a spark was needed. And that would be provided, as we'll see in the next episode, by Lord North. Illustration: The Landing of British troops in Boston, 1768. Public domain Music: Bach Partita #2c by J Bu licensed under an Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivatives (aka Music Sharing) 3.0 International License

Maddy Playle is joined by Lee Mottershead and Mark Boylan for a look ahead to the 2021 Royal Ascot Festival

Nick is joined by RTE and Racing TV broadcaster Jane Mangan to round up the day's racing and bloodstock news. Continuing the build up to Royal Ascot next week, they discuss whether Lord North, Stradivarius and Palace Pier will relaunch John and Thady Gosden's season after a quiet time during the European Classics. Nick talks to trainer Charlie Hills, whose seven year old Bataash is another hardy perennial pointing towards the royal meeting, and to Joseph O'Brien, whose two star three year olds - Thunder Moon and Pretty Gorgeous - are both on the comeback trail. Later in this edition, Nick catches up with Goffs Director and Auctioneer Nick Nugent to discuss this week's trade at the Land Rover Sale and to preview the Goffs London Sale on the eve of Ascot.

Nick is joined by RTE and Racing TV broadcaster Jane Mangan to round up the day's racing and bloodstock news. Continuing the build up to Royal Ascot next week, they discuss whether Lord North, Stradivarius and Palace Pier will relaunch John and Thady Gosden's season after a quiet time during the European Classics. Nick talks to trainer Charlie Hills, whose seven year old Bataash is another hardy perennial pointing towards the royal meeting, and to Joseph O'Brien, whose two star three year olds - Thunder Moon and Pretty Gorgeous - are both on the comeback trail. Later in this edition, Nick catches up with Goffs Director and Auctioneer Nick Nugent to discuss this week's trade at the Land Rover Sale and to preview the Goffs London Sale on the eve of Ascot.

Iain Dale talks to former Education Secretary Baroness Nicky Morgan about the life and career of Lord North, the Prime Minister who “lost the colonies”. He served as PM from 1770-1782, but was he the complete failure that we imagine?

The Weighed-In team have hit a half century and the cliff horse, Singlefarmpayment, has won for the first time in over 4 years. Absolute scenes all round. In the weekend review Haqeeqy looks group class, Top Rank form is questioned, while Lord North and Mishriff look formidable. Dan Skelton and his call for additional graded races has Kevin apoplectic and he reiterates his call for a female jockeys allowance. All of this and listeners questions answered in the bullseye show.

Maddy Playle is joined by Mark Boylan, James Stevens and Paddy Power's Graham Byrne to look back on the weekend's racing.Haqeeqy was an impressive winner of the Lincoln at Doncaster for John & Thady Gosden who have made a fine start to the flat season.Mishriff and Lord North lit up the international stage over in Dubai, could they be set to dominate this year?Along with Doncaster, the panel reflect on Kempton, Newbury and all the action in Ireland.Before signing off, the guys look ahead to the racing upcoming including early thoughts on the Irish Grand National.

This week we look at the fallout to the Townshend Acts in America, which ultimately forces Britain to relent. We also introduce the new Prime Minister, Lord North.

Host George Elek is joined by oddschecker columnist Andy Holding alongside our new kid on the block Daryl Carter to preview day one of York Ebor. There's Group 1 action in the Juddmonte International Stakes as Ghaiyyath, Lord North, Kameko and Magical take to the track. Elsewhere in the Great Voltigeur Stakes we look at the chances of Mogul, Berkshire Rocco and Pyledriver.

In association with At The Races and The Betfair Exchange: Emmet Kennedy, Nick Luck and Jess Stafford review the first three days of Royal Ascot 2020. The team discuss the Group 1 victories from Circus Maximus, Battaash, Lord North and Stradivarius. Nick is very confident that we've seen the Oaks winner at the Royal meeting, while we also discuss Derby prospects of those on show, while we also identify handicappers and two-year-olds to add to your At The Races Tracker . Likes & Shares on Twitter and Facebook appreciated

Cornelius Lysaght and Ed Chamberlin join Dave Ord and Michael Shinners to reflect on day two of Royal Ascot with a winner for The Queen and triumph for Lord North. Plus tips for Thursday's racecard

The story is one of the most familiar in American history. Though shrouded in myth, the details are well-known. In the overnight hours of April 18-19, 1775, British regulars staggered from their bunks, donned their red wool uniforms, were rowed across the Charles River, and marched through the Massachusetts countryside. Their goal was the destruction of military supplies believed hidden in Concord by the colonial militia. With a little luck, the British also hoped to arrest two of the nascent rebellion's most belligerent leaders, Sam Adams and John Hancock. Throughout the long night, church bells rang, guns fired, and a trio of riders alerted the colonists that British troops were on the move. The warnings enabled Adams and Hancock to escape capture while the rebel defenders of Massachusetts, having left their warm beds, prepared to guard their towns. This was not the first time Massachusetts militiamen had faced British troops in the field. As recently as February of 1775, a similar early morning march advanced on Salem. That stand-off did not end in gunfire. This time, the result would be different and make something of a prophet of beleaguered King George III, who claimed in November of 1774 that since “the New England governments are in a state of rebellion, blows must decide, whether they are to be subject to this country or independent.”[1] When the British column approached Lexington, approximately six miles east of Concord, townspeople, mustered on the village lawn, confronted the troops. Militia Captain John Parker shouted to his men, “Don't fire unless fired upon. But if they want war, let it begin here.”[2] Shots were exchanged, resulting in casualties on both sides. The militia, intimidated by British bayonets, withdrew, so the British column marched on to Concord, where they burned the few supplies they found. The colonists had taken advantage of the early warning to hide their stash in new locations. Before the day was out, war was what the British got. Minutemen flooded the woods and farms adjacent to the road to Boston. Hiding behind trees, fences, or in farmhouses, they harassed the troops throughout the twenty-mile march back to Boston. “Even weamin had firelocks,” reported one bewildered British sea captain.[3] In February of 1775, the Earl of Sandwich had dismissed the colonists as “raw, undisciplined, cowardly men.”[4] Raw and undisciplined they were, but the day proved to any British officer who dared to pay attention that the Americans were not cowardly. They kept up a steady peppering for nearly twenty miles, striking down approximately 250 British soldiers with their sniping. British troops abandoned clothing, weapons, and ammunition in exchange for a chance to escape with their lives. In the immediate aftermath of the fighting, both sides hustled to get their account of the battles into the public record. One of these early accounts was a letter, dated April 20, 1775,  from Boston merchant John Andrews to his brother-in-law, William Barrell of Philadelphia. Andrews gets some details wrong, but his account captures the essence of the events. He describes the effectiveness of the colonial warning system before the British advance, the need for British reinforcements to rescue the endangered column retreating toward Boston, and the inherent difficulty of getting accurate information from the field. News of the events in Lexington and Concord must have traveled quickly for Andrews to have time to compile his account just one day after the encounter. Fear of the event's significance must have been rising rapidly as well. Andrews told his brother-in-law: “When I reflect and consider that the fight was between those whose parents but a few generations ago were brothers, I shudder at the thought, and there's no knowing where our calamities will end.”[5] Andrews intuitively understood that a rebellion against Great Britain would be a civil war: bitter, bloody, and unpredictable. John Andrews's account is part of an upcoming Core Document Collection volume  from the Ashbrook Center. Entitled, The American Revolution, edited by Robert M. S. McDonald.  The collection contains forty-four documents on the revolutionary era along with other resources to help teachers guide students in an in-depth study of the topic. The American Revolution tells the story in the words of those who lived it, from the roots of the imperial crisis in the 1760s to the ultimate denouement in 1783. John Andrews' Account of the Battles of Lexington and Concord We have included in this post an audio reading of the document and its introduction: https://document-readings.s3.amazonaws.com/Andrews+Lex-Concord+Account.mp3 [1]  Correspondence of George III with Lord North, I in The Spirit of Seventy-Six, ed. Henry Steele Commager and Richard B Morris, (Castle Books, Edison NJ, 2002), p.61 [2] Commager, Henry Steele and Richard B Morris, The Spirit of Seventy-Six (Edison, NJ, Castle Books, 2002), p. 70 [3]  John Crozier to Dr. Rogers, in The Spirit of Seventy-Six, ed. Henry Steele Commager and Richard B Morris, (Castle Books, Edison NJ, 2002), p.77. [4]  The Earl of Sandwich, n The Spirit of Seventy-Six, ed. Henry Steele Commager and Richard B Morris, (Castle Books, Edison NJ, 2002), p. 61 [5] https://teachingamericanhistory.org/library/document/account-of-the-battles-of-lexington-and-concord/ The post 245th Anniversary of Lexington and Concord appeared first on Teaching American History.

The story is one of the most familiar in American history. Though shrouded in myth, the details are well-known. In the overnight hours of April 18-19, 1775, British regulars staggered from their bunks, donned their red wool uniforms, were rowed across the Charles River, and marched through the Massachusetts countryside. Their goal was the destruction of military supplies believed hidden in Concord by the colonial militia. With a little luck, the British also hoped to arrest two of the nascent rebellion’s most belligerent leaders, Sam Adams and John Hancock. Throughout the long night, church bells rang, guns fired, and a trio of riders alerted the colonists that British troops were on the move. The warnings enabled Adams and Hancock to escape capture while the rebel defenders of Massachusetts, having left their warm beds, prepared to guard their towns. This was not the first time Massachusetts militiamen had faced British troops in the field. As recently as February of 1775, a similar early morning march advanced on Salem. That stand-off did not end in gunfire. This time, the result would be different and make something of a prophet of beleaguered King George III, who claimed in November of 1774 that since “the New England governments are in a state of rebellion, blows must decide, whether they are to be subject to this country or independent.”[1] When the British column approached Lexington, approximately six miles east of Concord, townspeople, mustered on the village lawn, confronted the troops. Militia Captain John Parker shouted to his men, “Don’t fire unless fired upon. But if they want war, let it begin here.”[2] Shots were exchanged, resulting in casualties on both sides. The militia, intimidated by British bayonets, withdrew, so the British column marched on to Concord, where they burned the few supplies they found. The colonists had taken advantage of the early warning to hide their stash in new locations. Before the day was out, war was what the British got. Minutemen flooded the woods and farms adjacent to the road to Boston. Hiding behind trees, fences, or in farmhouses, they harassed the troops throughout the twenty-mile march back to Boston. “Even weamin had firelocks,” reported one bewildered British sea captain.[3] In February of 1775, the Earl of Sandwich had dismissed the colonists as “raw, undisciplined, cowardly men.”[4] Raw and undisciplined they were, but the day proved to any British officer who dared to pay attention that the Americans were not cowardly. They kept up a steady peppering for nearly twenty miles, striking down approximately 250 British soldiers with their sniping. British troops abandoned clothing, weapons, and ammunition in exchange for a chance to escape with their lives. In the immediate aftermath of the fighting, both sides hustled to get their account of the battles into the public record. One of these early accounts was a letter, dated April 20, 1775,  from Boston merchant John Andrews to his brother-in-law, William Barrell of Philadelphia. Andrews gets some details wrong, but his account captures the essence of the events. He describes the effectiveness of the colonial warning system before the British advance, the need for British reinforcements to rescue the endangered column retreating toward Boston, and the inherent difficulty of getting accurate information from the field. News of the events in Lexington and Concord must have traveled quickly for Andrews to have time to compile his account just one day after the encounter. Fear of the event’s significance must have been rising rapidly as well. Andrews told his brother-in-law: “When I reflect and consider that the fight was between those whose parents but a few generations ago were brothers, I shudder at the thought, and there’s no knowing where our calamities will end.”[5] Andrews intuitively understood that a rebellion against Great Britain would be a civil war: bitter, bloody, and unpredictable. John Andrews’s account is part of an upcoming Core Document Collection volume  from the Ashbrook Center. Entitled, The American Revolution, edited by Robert M. S. McDonald.  The collection contains forty-four documents on the revolutionary era along with other resources to help teachers guide students in an in-depth study of the topic. The American Revolution tells the story in the words of those who lived it, from the roots of the imperial crisis in the 1760s to the ultimate denouement in 1783. John Andrews' Account of the Battles of Lexington and Concord We have included in this post an audio reading of the document and its introduction: https://document-readings.s3.amazonaws.com/Andrews+Lex-Concord+Account.mp3 [1]  Correspondence of George III with Lord North, I in The Spirit of Seventy-Six, ed. Henry Steele Commager and Richard B Morris, (Castle Books, Edison NJ, 2002), p.61 [2] Commager, Henry Steele and Richard B Morris, The Spirit of Seventy-Six (Edison, NJ, Castle Books, 2002), p. 70 [3]  John Crozier to Dr. Rogers, in The Spirit of Seventy-Six, ed. Henry Steele Commager and Richard B Morris, (Castle Books, Edison NJ, 2002), p.77. [4]  The Earl of Sandwich, n The Spirit of Seventy-Six, ed. Henry Steele Commager and Richard B Morris, (Castle Books, Edison NJ, 2002), p. 61 [5] https://teachingamericanhistory.org/library/document/account-of-the-battles-of-lexington-and-concord/ The post 245th Anniversary of Lexington and Concord appeared first on Teaching American History.

In his notes for a speech to be delivered in the House of Commons in the wake of American Independence, the MP and imperial reformer Edmund Burke observed that ‘Some people are great Lovers of uniformity - They are not satisfied with a rebellion in the West. They must have one in the East: They are not satisfied with losing one Empire - they must lose another. Lord North will weep that he has not more worlds to lose'. At its eighteenth-century height, the British Empire extended its power over two vast indigenous spaces: one in North America, and the other in India. The question of what this empire was, and how it should be governed was the subject of intense debate in Britain. For decades, historians have maintained that the acquisition of vast territorial domains was unexpected and unplanned – in a ‘fit of absence of mind'. In The Politics of Empire at the Accession of George III: The East India Company and the Crisis and Transformation of Britain's Imperial State (Yale University Press, 2019), James M. Vaughn offers an powerful challenge to the received view that the Asian domains were acquired by accident and formed part of an empire of liberty. By charting a fundamental shift in British politics during the eighteenth century, he reveals that the imperial project in India was defined by conquest and domination and driven by a new kind of politics. Charles Prior is Senior Lecturer in Early Modern History at the University of Hull (UK), who has written on the politics of religion in early modern Britain, and whose work has recently expanded to the intersection of colonial, indigenous, and imperial politics in early America. He co-leads the Treatied Spaces Research Cluster. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In his notes for a speech to be delivered in the House of Commons in the wake of American Independence, the MP and imperial reformer Edmund Burke observed that ‘Some people are great Lovers of uniformity - They are not satisfied with a rebellion in the West. They must have one in the East: They are not satisfied with losing one Empire - they must lose another. Lord North will weep that he has not more worlds to lose’. At its eighteenth-century height, the British Empire extended its power over two vast indigenous spaces: one in North America, and the other in India. The question of what this empire was, and how it should be governed was the subject of intense debate in Britain. For decades, historians have maintained that the acquisition of vast territorial domains was unexpected and unplanned – in a ‘fit of absence of mind’. In The Politics of Empire at the Accession of George III: The East India Company and the Crisis and Transformation of Britain’s Imperial State (Yale University Press, 2019), James M. Vaughn offers an powerful challenge to the received view that the Asian domains were acquired by accident and formed part of an empire of liberty. By charting a fundamental shift in British politics during the eighteenth century, he reveals that the imperial project in India was defined by conquest and domination and driven by a new kind of politics. Charles Prior is Senior Lecturer in Early Modern History at the University of Hull (UK), who has written on the politics of religion in early modern Britain, and whose work has recently expanded to the intersection of colonial, indigenous, and imperial politics in early America. He co-leads the Treatied Spaces Research Cluster. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In his notes for a speech to be delivered in the House of Commons in the wake of American Independence, the MP and imperial reformer Edmund Burke observed that ‘Some people are great Lovers of uniformity - They are not satisfied with a rebellion in the West. They must have one in the East: They are not satisfied with losing one Empire - they must lose another. Lord North will weep that he has not more worlds to lose’. At its eighteenth-century height, the British Empire extended its power over two vast indigenous spaces: one in North America, and the other in India. The question of what this empire was, and how it should be governed was the subject of intense debate in Britain. For decades, historians have maintained that the acquisition of vast territorial domains was unexpected and unplanned – in a ‘fit of absence of mind’. In The Politics of Empire at the Accession of George III: The East India Company and the Crisis and Transformation of Britain’s Imperial State (Yale University Press, 2019), James M. Vaughn offers an powerful challenge to the received view that the Asian domains were acquired by accident and formed part of an empire of liberty. By charting a fundamental shift in British politics during the eighteenth century, he reveals that the imperial project in India was defined by conquest and domination and driven by a new kind of politics. Charles Prior is Senior Lecturer in Early Modern History at the University of Hull (UK), who has written on the politics of religion in early modern Britain, and whose work has recently expanded to the intersection of colonial, indigenous, and imperial politics in early America. He co-leads the Treatied Spaces Research Cluster. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In his notes for a speech to be delivered in the House of Commons in the wake of American Independence, the MP and imperial reformer Edmund Burke observed that ‘Some people are great Lovers of uniformity - They are not satisfied with a rebellion in the West. They must have one in the East: They are not satisfied with losing one Empire - they must lose another. Lord North will weep that he has not more worlds to lose’. At its eighteenth-century height, the British Empire extended its power over two vast indigenous spaces: one in North America, and the other in India. The question of what this empire was, and how it should be governed was the subject of intense debate in Britain. For decades, historians have maintained that the acquisition of vast territorial domains was unexpected and unplanned – in a ‘fit of absence of mind’. In The Politics of Empire at the Accession of George III: The East India Company and the Crisis and Transformation of Britain’s Imperial State (Yale University Press, 2019), James M. Vaughn offers an powerful challenge to the received view that the Asian domains were acquired by accident and formed part of an empire of liberty. By charting a fundamental shift in British politics during the eighteenth century, he reveals that the imperial project in India was defined by conquest and domination and driven by a new kind of politics. Charles Prior is Senior Lecturer in Early Modern History at the University of Hull (UK), who has written on the politics of religion in early modern Britain, and whose work has recently expanded to the intersection of colonial, indigenous, and imperial politics in early America. He co-leads the Treatied Spaces Research Cluster. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In his notes for a speech to be delivered in the House of Commons in the wake of American Independence, the MP and imperial reformer Edmund Burke observed that ‘Some people are great Lovers of uniformity - They are not satisfied with a rebellion in the West. They must have one in the East: They are not satisfied with losing one Empire - they must lose another. Lord North will weep that he has not more worlds to lose’. At its eighteenth-century height, the British Empire extended its power over two vast indigenous spaces: one in North America, and the other in India. The question of what this empire was, and how it should be governed was the subject of intense debate in Britain. For decades, historians have maintained that the acquisition of vast territorial domains was unexpected and unplanned – in a ‘fit of absence of mind’. In The Politics of Empire at the Accession of George III: The East India Company and the Crisis and Transformation of Britain’s Imperial State (Yale University Press, 2019), James M. Vaughn offers an powerful challenge to the received view that the Asian domains were acquired by accident and formed part of an empire of liberty. By charting a fundamental shift in British politics during the eighteenth century, he reveals that the imperial project in India was defined by conquest and domination and driven by a new kind of politics. Charles Prior is Senior Lecturer in Early Modern History at the University of Hull (UK), who has written on the politics of religion in early modern Britain, and whose work has recently expanded to the intersection of colonial, indigenous, and imperial politics in early America. He co-leads the Treatied Spaces Research Cluster. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In his notes for a speech to be delivered in the House of Commons in the wake of American Independence, the MP and imperial reformer Edmund Burke observed that ‘Some people are great Lovers of uniformity - They are not satisfied with a rebellion in the West. They must have one in the East: They are not satisfied with losing one Empire - they must lose another. Lord North will weep that he has not more worlds to lose’. At its eighteenth-century height, the British Empire extended its power over two vast indigenous spaces: one in North America, and the other in India. The question of what this empire was, and how it should be governed was the subject of intense debate in Britain. For decades, historians have maintained that the acquisition of vast territorial domains was unexpected and unplanned – in a ‘fit of absence of mind’. In The Politics of Empire at the Accession of George III: The East India Company and the Crisis and Transformation of Britain’s Imperial State (Yale University Press, 2019), James M. Vaughn offers an powerful challenge to the received view that the Asian domains were acquired by accident and formed part of an empire of liberty. By charting a fundamental shift in British politics during the eighteenth century, he reveals that the imperial project in India was defined by conquest and domination and driven by a new kind of politics. Charles Prior is Senior Lecturer in Early Modern History at the University of Hull (UK), who has written on the politics of religion in early modern Britain, and whose work has recently expanded to the intersection of colonial, indigenous, and imperial politics in early America. He co-leads the Treatied Spaces Research Cluster. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Racing Post's Maddy Playle is joined by Nicholas Watts and Paddy Power's Paul Binfield for a look back at all of the weekend's highlights, including the Cambridgeshire, as well as a look towards the best bets this week. On the show: - John Gosden picked up his fifth Cambridgeshire success with Lord North justifying favouritism at Newmarket on Saturday. The team assess the race and discuss what could be next for Lord North including the Winter Derby being a potential route.  - It was Earthlight for Andre Fabre who shined bright to take the Juddmonte Middle Park Stakes on Saturday with many in behind disappointing. The team assess the race and give their take on whether Earthlight could run against Pinatubo next season.  - The Frankie Dettori and John Gosden partnership will be looking to reign supreme once more as Enable will be looking for her third victory in the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe on Sunday. The team give their take on whether the wondermare can make history or not.  - The team give their best bets of the week, including a look towards the big races on the weekend. All prices can be found at Paddy Power: https://bit.ly/2RQ6Nv0 --- Producer: @MrRobertLee45 ---

After British Regulars kill five colonists and injure others at what becomes known as the Boston Massacre, local radicals force the government to relocate the soldiers to Castle Island, out in Boston Harbor.  The Massacre becomes an example for why standing armies should not be maintained among a free people. For months following, both sides prepare for trials, in which John Adams, among other patriot lawyers, represents the British soldiers.  A jury acquits Captain Preston and five of the seven soldiers involved in the shooting.  The Jury finds two soldiers guilty of manslaughter and had the court brands their thumbs as punishment. Even before word of the Massacre reaches London, Lord North begins a partial repeal of the Townshend Acts, eliminating most taxes on the colonists.  However, to make a point about Parliament's tax authority, North retains a tax on tea. For more text, pictures, maps, and sources, please visit my site at AmRevPodcast.Blogspot.com

After British Regulars kill five colonists and injure others at what becomes known as the Boston Massacre, local radicals force the government to relocate the soldiers to Castle Island, out in Boston Harbor.  The Massacre becomes an example for why standing armies should not be maintained among a free people. For months following, both sides prepare for trials, in which John Adams, among other patriot lawyers, represents the British soldiers.  A jury acquits Captain Preston and five of the seven soldiers involved in the shooting.  The Jury finds two soldiers guilty of manslaughter and had the court brands their thumbs as punishment. Even before word of the Massacre reaches London, Lord North begins a partial repeal of the Townshend Acts, eliminating most taxes on the colonists.  However, to make a point about Parliament's tax authority, North retains a tax on tea. For more text, pictures, maps, and sources, please visit my site at AmRevPodcast.Blogspot.com

Radical John Wilkes returns from France in 1768 to face the charges for seditious libel.  He would spend the next two years in prison, during which time he would be elected to Parliament, which refused to seat him, as well as other goverment positions.  As much as the King and Parliament hated Wilkes, the people of England loved him as a defender of liberty.  The colonists also took up Wilkes as a hero of the fight for liberty.  As the sides harden between Parliament and the colonies. Prime Minister Grafton sees no route for a compromise that will resolve the disputes and resigns.  Lord North, a hardliner, becomes the new Prime Minister. During this same period, different Sons of Liberty organizations are attempting to maintain nonimportation agreeements against London and prevent customs enforcment.  They begin using the practice of tarring and feathering customs informers or low level customs officials in order to prevent effective enforcement of British trade laws. For more text, pictures, maps, and sources, please visit my site at AmRevPodcast.Blogspot.com

Radical John Wilkes returns from France in 1768 to face the charges for seditious libel.  He would spend the next two years in prison, during which time he would be elected to Parliament, which refused to seat him, as well as other goverment positions.  As much as the King and Parliament hated Wilkes, the people of England loved him as a defender of liberty.  The colonists also took up Wilkes as a hero of the fight for liberty.  As the sides harden between Parliament and the colonies. Prime Minister Grafton sees no route for a compromise that will resolve the disputes and resigns.  Lord North, a hardliner, becomes the new Prime Minister. During this same period, different Sons of Liberty organizations are attempting to maintain nonimportation agreeements against London and prevent customs enforcment.  They begin using the practice of tarring and feathering customs informers or low level customs officials in order to prevent effective enforcement of British trade laws. For more text, pictures, maps, and sources, please visit my site at AmRevPodcast.Blogspot.com

Prime Minister William Pitt's illness prevents him from running his administration.  The Duke of Grafton becomes acting Prime Minister for over a year and eventually take the office officially when Pitt resigns in 1768.  Although Grafton is a moderate on colonial issues, he moves hardliners like Lord North and the Earl of Hillsborough into his cabinet.  The Ministry also adds to the Townshend Acts by creating several new Admiralty Courts in America to enforce the Townshend Acts and other customs laws.  With tough enforcement, they hope the colonies will fall in line. For more text, pictures, maps, and sources, please visit my site at AmRevPodcast.Blogspot.com.

Prime Minister William Pitt's illness prevents him from running his administration.  The Duke of Grafton becomes acting Prime Minister for over a year and eventually take the office officially when Pitt resigns in 1768.  Although Grafton is a moderate on colonial issues, he moves hardliners like Lord North and the Earl of Hillsborough into his cabinet.  The Ministry also adds to the Townshend Acts by creating several new Admiralty Courts in America to enforce the Townshend Acts and other customs laws.  With tough enforcement, they hope the colonies will fall in line. For more text, pictures, maps, and sources, please visit my site at AmRevPodcast.Blogspot.com.

Prime Ministers didn’t last long as one administration quickly gave way to another. Since the Ministry of Henry Pelham ended under the reign of George II in 1754, Great Britain had seen seven men, and eight administrations holding office for no more than two to three years apiece. That was until the rise of Frederick North as he ascended to the First Ministry For twelve years, twelve long years, with the full support and consent of George III, he would preside over the most powerful Empire of the world. Yet there was little doubt that time had taken its toll, aging the 49 year old perhaps the full measure of a lifetime in little over a decade. Even before his rise the American situation was beginning to steam. Within his first three month in office it would boil over. Within 6 years protests had turn to violence, violence to open defiance, and defiance to revolution as the American colonies asserted their Independence from the Court of Saint James. Perhaps, at times, he knew he was in over his head. Even as he declared the colonies in a state of rebellion in 1775, following Bunker Hill, he had sought to resign in favor of a Prime Minister who perhaps more experience in handling these affairs. In 1776, following the Battle of Saratoga, he would once more attempt to offer his resignation. The next year, as France entered the war, he would try again. In fact, on numerous occasions he had sought to set aside his own ambition, and alleviate his burden for someone he believed more apt and able, and each time the George III refused. Yet, resignation would come. It just not in the form that he had perhaps hoped as he was marked as the man who lost the war. By February 27th, 1782, it would become clear that the end was now near for not only Lord North but also the Revolution that had come to define so much of his administration. Even as word of the fall of Yorktown reached him, he would confide in his diary, “Oh God! It's all over.” Now General Henry Seymour Conway was rising to the floor of the House of Commons. Despite his majority in Parliament, the hold that Lord North had was beginning to crack as defections from his Tory’s strengthened the Whig Opposition. Five days earlier Conway had tried to end the War. He would fail by one vote. Now, with his resolution reworked, and reworded, 234 would vote for it, 215 would vote against. With a 19 vote majority a motion would pass to recognize America’s Independence and begin the peace process.  Deserted, abandoned by many in his party, not just those who voted for the measure, but also by those who chose rather to be absent than vote for or against, it would be only the second time in the history of the Westminster System that a government had lost a vote of no-confidence. A few days later the papers would declare, “In consequence of this important decision, the nation are at last within the prospect of enjoying the blessings of a Peace with America.“ Having faced not just the American Revolution, but the Falkland Crisis against Spain, the Gordon Riots in Ireland, the potential invasion of the Isle of Wight and Portsmouth, and the prospect of losing Gibraltar, North couldn’t hold on anymore, nor lead the pro-War cause. But then it wasn’t as if he wished to either. Within the next few weeks he would tender his resignation to George III. It would, despite it all, be with hesitation and reluctance that the King would accept. The Marques of Rockingham, after almost 16 years out of power, would be asked to lead despite the disdain the monarch felt towards him. Within less than half a year though Rockingham would be dead at age 52 from the flu. Despite the instability that would arise from the three Whig Prime Ministers who would take to the office between the resignation of Lord North and the rise of William Pitt the Younger in 1783, peace for the former American colonies would be secured at the Treaty of Paris, the lasting legacy of the almost ten months that William Petty, the Earl of Shelburne, spent as Prime Minister.

Finalist for the 2015 Pulitzer Prize in History Written from a strikingly fresh perspective, this new account of the Boston Tea Party and the origins of the American Revolution shows how a lethal blend of politics, personalities, and economics led to a war that few people welcomed but nobody could prevent. “A great Empire, like a great Cake, is most easily diminished at the edges,” observed Benjamin Franklin, shortly before the American Revolution. In An Empire on the Edge, British author Nick Bunker delivers a powerful and propulsive narrative of the road to war. At the heart of the book lies the Boston Tea Party, when the British stumbled into an unforeseen crisis that exposed deep flaws in an imperial system sprawling from the Mississippi to Bengal. Shedding new light on the Tea Party’s origins and on the roles of such familiar characters as Benjamin Franklin, John Hancock, Thomas Hutchinson, and the British ministers Lord North and Lord Dartmouth, Bunker depicts the last three years of deepening anger on both sides of the Atlantic, culminating in the irreversible descent into revolution.