Podcast appearances and mentions of George II

Covering the period from the end of the Anglo-French alliance in 1731 to the declaration of war between the two powers in 1744, British Politics and Foreign Policy, 1727-44  (Routledge, 2014) charts a turbulent period in British politics that witnessed the last decade of the Walpole ministry, the attempt to replace it by a Patriot government, and the return of the Old Corps Whigs to a process of dominance. In particular it reveals how ministerial change and political fortunes were closely linked to foreign policy, with foreign policy both affecting, and being affected by, political developments. The book draws upon a great range of foreign and domestic sources, but makes particular use of foreign diplomatic records. These are important as many negotiations were handled, at least in part, through envoys in London. Moreover, these diplomats regularly spoke with George II and his ministers, and some were personal friends of envoys and could be used for secret negotiations outside normal channels.  The range of sources consulted ensures that the book offers more than any previous book to cover the period as a whole, whilst not simply becoming a detailed study of a number of episodes. Instead it retains the strong structural aspects of the relationship between foreign policy and politics necessary to examine questions about political stability, motivation and effectiveness. Following on from Jeremy Black's previous studies on eighteenth-century foreign policy, 'Politics and Foreign Policy under George I' (covering the period 1714-27) this new book takes the story up to 1744 and continues to illuminate the complex and often opaque workings of the British state at a turbulent period of European history. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/history

Covering the period from the end of the Anglo-French alliance in 1731 to the declaration of war between the two powers in 1744, British Politics and Foreign Policy, 1727-44  (Routledge, 2014) charts a turbulent period in British politics that witnessed the last decade of the Walpole ministry, the attempt to replace it by a Patriot government, and the return of the Old Corps Whigs to a process of dominance. In particular it reveals how ministerial change and political fortunes were closely linked to foreign policy, with foreign policy both affecting, and being affected by, political developments. The book draws upon a great range of foreign and domestic sources, but makes particular use of foreign diplomatic records. These are important as many negotiations were handled, at least in part, through envoys in London. Moreover, these diplomats regularly spoke with George II and his ministers, and some were personal friends of envoys and could be used for secret negotiations outside normal channels.  The range of sources consulted ensures that the book offers more than any previous book to cover the period as a whole, whilst not simply becoming a detailed study of a number of episodes. Instead it retains the strong structural aspects of the relationship between foreign policy and politics necessary to examine questions about political stability, motivation and effectiveness. Following on from Jeremy Black's previous studies on eighteenth-century foreign policy, 'Politics and Foreign Policy under George I' (covering the period 1714-27) this new book takes the story up to 1744 and continues to illuminate the complex and often opaque workings of the British state at a turbulent period of European history. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/european-studies

Covering the period from the end of the Anglo-French alliance in 1731 to the declaration of war between the two powers in 1744, British Politics and Foreign Policy, 1727-44  (Routledge, 2014) charts a turbulent period in British politics that witnessed the last decade of the Walpole ministry, the attempt to replace it by a Patriot government, and the return of the Old Corps Whigs to a process of dominance. In particular it reveals how ministerial change and political fortunes were closely linked to foreign policy, with foreign policy both affecting, and being affected by, political developments. The book draws upon a great range of foreign and domestic sources, but makes particular use of foreign diplomatic records. These are important as many negotiations were handled, at least in part, through envoys in London. Moreover, these diplomats regularly spoke with George II and his ministers, and some were personal friends of envoys and could be used for secret negotiations outside normal channels.  The range of sources consulted ensures that the book offers more than any previous book to cover the period as a whole, whilst not simply becoming a detailed study of a number of episodes. Instead it retains the strong structural aspects of the relationship between foreign policy and politics necessary to examine questions about political stability, motivation and effectiveness. Following on from Jeremy Black's previous studies on eighteenth-century foreign policy, 'Politics and Foreign Policy under George I' (covering the period 1714-27) this new book takes the story up to 1744 and continues to illuminate the complex and often opaque workings of the British state at a turbulent period of European history. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network

Covering the period from the end of the Anglo-French alliance in 1731 to the declaration of war between the two powers in 1744, British Politics and Foreign Policy, 1727-44  (Routledge, 2014) charts a turbulent period in British politics that witnessed the last decade of the Walpole ministry, the attempt to replace it by a Patriot government, and the return of the Old Corps Whigs to a process of dominance. In particular it reveals how ministerial change and political fortunes were closely linked to foreign policy, with foreign policy both affecting, and being affected by, political developments. The book draws upon a great range of foreign and domestic sources, but makes particular use of foreign diplomatic records. These are important as many negotiations were handled, at least in part, through envoys in London. Moreover, these diplomats regularly spoke with George II and his ministers, and some were personal friends of envoys and could be used for secret negotiations outside normal channels.  The range of sources consulted ensures that the book offers more than any previous book to cover the period as a whole, whilst not simply becoming a detailed study of a number of episodes. Instead it retains the strong structural aspects of the relationship between foreign policy and politics necessary to examine questions about political stability, motivation and effectiveness. Following on from Jeremy Black's previous studies on eighteenth-century foreign policy, 'Politics and Foreign Policy under George I' (covering the period 1714-27) this new book takes the story up to 1744 and continues to illuminate the complex and often opaque workings of the British state at a turbulent period of European history. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Covering the period from the end of the Anglo-French alliance in 1731 to the declaration of war between the two powers in 1744, British Politics and Foreign Policy, 1727-44  (Routledge, 2014) charts a turbulent period in British politics that witnessed the last decade of the Walpole ministry, the attempt to replace it by a Patriot government, and the return of the Old Corps Whigs to a process of dominance. In particular it reveals how ministerial change and political fortunes were closely linked to foreign policy, with foreign policy both affecting, and being affected by, political developments. The book draws upon a great range of foreign and domestic sources, but makes particular use of foreign diplomatic records. These are important as many negotiations were handled, at least in part, through envoys in London. Moreover, these diplomats regularly spoke with George II and his ministers, and some were personal friends of envoys and could be used for secret negotiations outside normal channels.  The range of sources consulted ensures that the book offers more than any previous book to cover the period as a whole, whilst not simply becoming a detailed study of a number of episodes. Instead it retains the strong structural aspects of the relationship between foreign policy and politics necessary to examine questions about political stability, motivation and effectiveness. Following on from Jeremy Black's previous studies on eighteenth-century foreign policy, 'Politics and Foreign Policy under George I' (covering the period 1714-27) this new book takes the story up to 1744 and continues to illuminate the complex and often opaque workings of the British state at a turbulent period of European history. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Covering the period from the end of the Anglo-French alliance in 1731 to the declaration of war between the two powers in 1744, British Politics and Foreign Policy, 1744-57: Mid-Century Crisis (Routledge, 2019) charts a turbulent period in British politics that witnessed the last decade of the Walpole ministry, the attempt to replace it by a Patriot government, and the return of the Old Corps Whigs to a process of dominance. In particular it reveals how ministerial change and political fortunes were closely linked to foreign policy, with foreign policy both affecting, and being affected by, political developments. The book draws upon a great range of foreign and domestic sources, but makes particular use of foreign diplomatic records. These are important as many negotiations were handled, at least in part, through envoys in London. Moreover, these diplomats regularly spoke with George II and his ministers, and some were personal friends of envoys and could be used for secret negotiations outside normal channels.  The range of sources consulted ensures that the book offers more than any previous book to cover the period as a whole, whilst not simply becoming a detailed study of a number of episodes. Instead it retains the strong structural aspects of the relationship between foreign policy and politics necessary to examine questions about political stability, motivation and effectiveness. Following on from Jeremy Black's previous studies on eighteenth-century foreign policy, 'Politics and Foreign Policy under George I' (covering the period 1714-27) this new book takes the story up to 1744 and continues to illuminate the complex and often opaque workings of the British state at a turbulent period of European history. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/british-studies

In deze aflevering van Kalm met Klassiek mag je op zoek naar wat meer innerlijke rust of vrede bij 'La Paix' ("De vrede"), een deel uit koninklijke muziek van Georg Friedrich Händel. Hij schreef 'Music for the Royal Fireworks' speciaal voor een vuurwerkspektakel georganiseerd door koning George II van Groot-Brittannië, in 1749. Dit vredige deel daaruit zal toendertijd ongetwijfeld een rustpunt gevormd hebben, en mag dat nu ook voor jou zijn. Wil je meer Kalm met Klassiek? Ga naar npoklassiek.nl/kalmmetklassiek (https://www.npoklassiek.nl/thema/kalm-met-klassiek). Alle muziek uit de podcast vind je terug in de bijbehorende speellijst (https://open.spotify.com/playlist/6YgSfm1Sux7CroiJvzeUdx?si=be36463468d84e37). En klik hier (https://www.npoklassiek.nl/podcasts/klassieke-mysteries/53254/9-koningsdag-mysterie-wie-schreef-het-wilhelmus-s04) om te luisteren naar het Koningsdag-Mysterie. 

Headlines: New Liberal MP gas lobbyistUS tariffs & trade warUS Middle East EnvoyIsrael cuts Gaza water pipelineVenezuela's free flights home from USChild captive Ahmed Manasra finally freedVoices 4 Palestine Here IIExcerpt of talk by Gabor Maté, Jewish Canadian physician and Holocaust survivor, recorded at the Jewish Council of Australia event in February at the Wheeler Centre.Full video available here.Song - Until We're All Free - Sereen (feat. over 20 artists)Lisa Briggs Interview Here IIMarion Cincotta interviews Gunditjmara woman Lisa Briggs from Ngaweeyan Maar-oo about the Aboriginal Community Controlled sector and Close The Gap Campaign.Pricks and Bones by Georgia Kartas with Lucas George Here IIPricks and Bones by Greek Australian multidisciplinary artist Georgia Kartas with Wiradjuri sound designer Lucas George. Full Album Mythamorphosis available on their bandcamp.This Is (Half) The Week That Was Here IIComrade Kevin calls in for a live (Half) The Week That Was.Vijay Prashad Interview excerpt Here IITobia interviews Vijay Prashad about geopolitics, imperialism and Australia's relationship with the US, and building a broad Left movement. Full interview here.AUKUS, Trump, and the Indo-Pacific: Vijay Prashad's recent talk in Sydney with the Communist Party of Australia is available here.Song  - Figlia d' 'a Tempesta - LA NIÑA

Check out zipOns from befree Adaptive Clothing here! This week we'll take a look at the 6 Hanoverian monarchs: George I, George II, George III, George IV, William IV, and Victoria. We'll examine how George I, a German, came to be king of Great Britain and Ireland despite being only 57th in line for the throne and how German monarchs continued to rule the country for the next 187 years and beyond. What mark did the Hanover dynasty leave on Britain? How does it still effect them today? I think you'll be surprised to learn just how German Britain actually is! Support the show! Join the Patreon (patreon.com/historyfixpodcast)Buy some merchBuy Me a CoffeeVenmo @Shea-LaFountaineSources: Historic Royal Palaces "The Georgians"History Hit "The 6 Hanoverian Monarchs In Order"Encyclopedia Britannica "House of Hanover"UK National Archives "The Death of Queen Anne"PBS "What Illness Did King George III Have?"German History Society "Britain and Germany: A Love-Hate Relationship?"BBC "Queen Nazi salute film: palace 'disappointed' at its use"The Guardian "Genetic study reveals 30% of white British DNA has German ancestry"The Telegraph "How German the Royal Family Actually Is"Indian Express "How German Are the British Royals?"Shoot me a message!

It turns out that Royals have been enjoying (?) bizarre deaths a lot more often than we first realized! Among this set's methods of departure from the world: getting a little too cozy with your enemy's severed head, life-extension mercury (don't try this at home!), poorly constructed furniture, laughter, constipation, and, in a bit of a twist, a story about the arguable desecration of Philip the Fair's corpse by his too-loving widow. Listen ad-free at patreon.com/trashyroyalspodcast. To advertise on this podcast, reach out to info@amplitudemediapartners.com. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In onze serie '250 jaar Verenigde Staten van Amerika' is dit het moment om het leven en werk van die - letterlijk - grote man uit de achttiende eeuw te analyseren. Immers, George Washington (1732 - 1799) drukte een stempel op de Nieuwe Wereld als geen ander van die tijd. En zijn impact werkt door in onze tijd.Met Amerika-kenner Pirmin Olde Weghuis nemen Jaap Jansen en PG Kroeger je mee naar de wouden langs de Ohio-rivier, de salons van aristocratisch Virginia, een fort bij Pittsburgh, de Grondwet-conventie in Philadelphia, een chique buitenhuis in Mount Vernon en het centrum van de macht in de nieuwe Republiek, de werkkamer van de eerste president. ***Deze aflevering is mede mogelijk gemaakt met donaties van luisteraars die we hiervoor hartelijk danken. Word ook vriend van de show!Heb je belangstelling om in onze podcast te adverteren of ons te sponsoren? Zend een mailtje naar adverteren@dagennacht.nl en wij zoeken contact.Op sommige podcast-apps kun je niet alles lezen. De complete tekst plus linkjes en een overzicht van al onze eerdere afleveringen vind je hier***Washington was een kind van de Britse elite van zijn tijd. Hij ging niet of nauwelijks naar school, was autodidact en selfmade man. Al als tiener werd hij een avontuurlijk landmeter en verkenner voor beleggers in land en vastgoed in de wildernis west van de Appalachen. Hij kende die streken als geen ander en werd een oorlogsheld als jong bevelhebber onder koning George II. Zijn dagboek van diens oorlog tegen Frankrijk en haar Indiaanse bondgenoten maakte de 22-jarige Washington een bestsellerauteur en internationale beroemdheid.Die faam zorgde er ook voor dat hij trouwde met de rijkste vrouw van Virginia en dus van heel het Britse koloniale rijk in Amerika, Martha Dandridge Curtis. Een echtpaar van krachtige, gelijkwaardige partners - en ook dat zou een stempel drukken op de cultuur en politiek van Amerika. De nu rijke grootgrondbezitter was een slavenhouder, evenals zijn vrouw. Hij zou anders gaan denken over deze gruwel, maar dit nooit politiek uitspreken. In zijn testament liet hij al zijn slaven vrij, zij deed dat niet. Washington was geen actief deelnemer aan het intellectuele debat over ‘vrijheid' en de eigen identiteit van de Britse onderdanen in Amerika. Maar zijn opvatting was helder en overtuigend voor zijn nieuwe opdrachtgever, het Congres van de 13 koloniën. Dat benoemde hem tot opperbevelhebber in het verzet tegen de repressie door het leger van Koning George III. Met zijn haveloze bende en vele tactisch omtrekkende bewegingen slaagde hij erin een veldslag tegen de professionals uit Europa te vermijden én de geestdrift te bewaren. De rol van Martha Washington en die van een kleurrijke, puissant rijke tiener uit de hoogste aristocratie in Frankrijk geven die jaren van nederlagen en strijd kleur. Uiteindelijk sneed de vloot van de Franse koning Lodewijk XVI de Britse troepen af van hun leveranciers en kneep Washingtons legertje hen fijn bij Yorktown in 1781. De jonge verkenner was Vader des Vaderlands geworden.Pirmin Olde Weghuis onderstreept met tal van voorbeelden hoe Washingtons politieke keuzes een gamechanger en rolmodel waren. Hij greep niet de macht, maar keerde huiswaarts. Hij zat de vergadering voor die een stevige grondwet moest formuleren en bleef onkreukbaar boven de partijen. Maar er kwam wel precies uit wat híj wilde. Zo werd hij de enige optie om de nieuw bedachte leidinggevende functie te gaan bekleden. Hij is de enige president in de Amerikaanse geschiedenis die tweemaal op rij met algemene stemmen werd verkozen. Jaap, PG en Pirmin trekken vier grote lessen uit dat eerste presidentschap, een ongekend experiment waarvan niemand - zeker George Washington zelf niet! - kon voorspellen dat het een succes zou worden of dat die nieuwe Grondwet en Republiek niet net als in Frankrijk in bloed gesmoord zouden worden. Die lessen zijn ook nu nog actueel. 1) Omring je met mensen die briljanter zijn dan jijzelf, maar die jouw gezag volstrekt erkennen. Er was geen twijfel dat mensen als Thomas Jefferson, Alexander Hamilton, James Madison en John Adams intellectueel veel meer belezen en gevormd waren, maar evenmin bestond enige twijfel dat zij Washingtons leiderschap hoogachtten. 2) Wees afstandelijk, bedachtzaam, onkreukbaar en nooit impulsief in beslissingen. Washington was werkelijk alles wat Donald Trump niet is. Hij verfoeide polariserende partijpolitiek. Jolige populariteit verachtte hij, hem aanraken was ongeveer het ergste dat je kon doen. 3] Vermijd in andermans oorlogen verzeild te raken, wees scherp op het nationaal belang van Amerika. Washington zag dat in die revolutionaire tijden weinig nodig was om speelbal te worden in de geopolitiek van Europa's koloniale imperia. Hij keek decennia ver de toekomst in en voorzag dat andere jongeren als verkenners het 'Wilde Westen' zouden veroveren en exploiteren. Daarom was vrede noodzakelijk. Amerika zou in de komende eeuw zélf een supermacht worden, voorzag hij.4) Ken je beperkingen. Washington ging ervanuit dat hij na één termijn een ander zou laten voorgaan. Men smeekte hem vanwege het wereldwijd turbulente politieke klimaat toch aan te blijven. Hij zwichtte en bleef daadkrachtig een heldere koers varen, maar werd bezorgd bij de gedachte dat velen hem 'voor eeuwig' zouden willen handhaven. Dat zou allerminst 'republikeins' zijn! Om elke gedachte aan een derde termijn te verjagen publiceerde hij tijdig zijn afscheidsrede. Ook hiermee zette hij een politieke traditie.***Verder lezenRon Chernow – Washington, a lifeFull Text of The Federalist Papers***Verder luisteren281 - Fourth of July: Amerika reisgids voor politieke junkies382 - 250 jaar Verenigde Staten: de Boston Tea Party en de rechtsbescherming van belastingbetalers in Nederland397 - Benjamin Franklin, Zijner Majesteits meest loyale rebel363 - Extra zomeraflevering: PG tipt boeken! (oa over de biografie van George III door Andrew Roberts)121 - 4th of July special: Zakenlui als president van Amerika (oa over Martha Washington)115 - Thomas Paine en De Rechten van de mens57 - Alexis de Tocqueville wilde Amerika begrijpen405 - De Amerikaanse democratie in gevaar: het gevecht tussen Biden en Trump289 - Donald Trump als gevaar voor de democratie - Joe Biden en zijn strijd voor de ziel van Amerika133 - Amerikaanse presidenten: boeken die je volgens PG móet lezen!185 - De Amerikaanse Burgeroorlog (1): Black Lives Matter en George Floyd, hoe de burgeroorlog op de VS nog altijd zijn stempel drukt (oa over de slavernij)En ook nog:359 - Nederland en de slavernij, 150 jaar na de afschaffing265 - Toetreding tot de NAVO, de reuzensprong van Finland58 - PG over 70 jaar China, de Volksrepubliek van Mao, Deng en Xi385 - Jan de Koning en het verschil tussen een greppel en de laatste gracht***Tijdlijn00:00:00 – Deel 100:22:00 – Deel 200:54:00 – Deel 301:36:15 – Einde Zie het privacybeleid op https://art19.com/privacy en de privacyverklaring van Californië op https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

With its long tufted ears – sometimes mistaken for horns – the caracal is a precious animal. So precious in fact, that one particular animal was gifted to George II in 1759.Ahead of next week's episode, Mishka Sinha, curator of the Untold Lives exhibition at Kensington Palace, gives Oswin and Carla an exclusive insight into the powers behind the throne. So listen to this special bonus all about that very cat – confusingly named 'The Shah Goest' – and its keeper, Abdullah. And find out how the seemingly simple act of 'gifting' can have deep and far-reaching meanings.

durée : 00:25:07 - Londres octobre 1727 - par : Anne-Charlotte Rémond - Ce n'est pas Maurice Greene, le nouveau maître de la Chapel Royal, qui compose la musique pour le couronnement de George II, mais Handel. Le musicien, très réputé, vient tout juste d'obtenir sa nationalité anglaise, il peut donc donner le lustre nécessaire à cette cérémonie très attendue. - réalisé par : Philippe Petit

Iain Dale talks to former cabinet minister Sir Robert Buckland about the life and reign of King George II.

Willy Willy Harry Stee, Harry Dick John Harry Three, One Two Three Neds, Richard Two, Henry's Four Five Six.........then who? Edward Four Five...Dick The Bad, Harry's Twain and Ned The Lad, Mary, Bessie, James The Vain, Charlie Charlie, James again. William & Mary, Anna Gloria, Four Georges.....The second of our four Georges hove's into view...George II. He hated his dad, he wasn't particularly passionate (just ask his mistress!) but he was the last British sovereign to fight alongside his soldiers. Charlie Higson welcomes Tracy Borman back to the podcast to discuss George II, for Tracy is a BIG fan of this monarch, and the women in his life, hence her book 'King's Mistress, Queen's Servant - The Life & Times Of Henrietta Howard' Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

On this episode we Gemma and Natalie interview Catherine Curzon, author of many books on the Georgians. The episode focusses on the two Georgian Queens Consort, both called Caroline - Caroline of Ansbach, wife to George II and Caroline of Brunswick, wife to Prince Regent. The two women couldn't be more different from each other - one was a wise politician in love with her husband; and the other - the lover of life, hellbent on getting revenge on her royal hubby. Were they the same in any way? Since a woman's lot would be equally bad in 18th century, even for a royal?Tune in and find out.Our favourite books by Catherine -Georgian Queens: https://www.pen-and-sword.co.uk/Queens-of-Georgian-Britain-Hardback/p/14066/aid/1238 Wives of Prince Regent: https://www.pen-and-sword.co.uk/The-Wives-of-George-IV-Hardback/p/20127/aid/1238 Life at Georgian Court: https://www.pen-and-sword.co.uk/Life-in-the-Georgian-Court-Hardback/p/12109/aid/1238To book Coalescence at Old Royal Naval College: https://ornc.org/whats-on/coalescence/Please find more history fodder on our website https://www.ifitaintbaroque.art/ and if you would like to come with Natalie on a walking tour of London, please check out https://www.reignoflondon.com .Here's a direct link to the tour about Georgian and Windsor monarchs: https://www.getyourguide.com/london-l57/royal-london-georgian-and-windsor-monarchs-walking-tour-t481355 . A new one walking tour on Royal Love Stories has just gone on sale, ready for Valentine's Day. Come for a walk and find out more about amorous Georgians.https://www.getyourguide.com/london-l57/royal-love-stories-walking-tour-t481358/ Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

It's the first Hanoverian consort proper this week with Caroline of Ansbach, queen consort to George II. She's not so famous now, but Caroline was a highly influential consort, loved and respected by her husband and enjoying great influence through an alliance with Robert Walpole (the country's first Prime Minister). However, she also had to manage the usual Hanoverian family conflicts, with each generation hating each other, as well as her own husband's foibles and mistresses. So will Caroline emerge from the shadows and back into the Rexy spotlight? Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Welcome to the Instant Trivia podcast episode 1022, where we ask the best trivia on the Internet. Round 1. Category: Am I Your Type? 1: Type 1 of this disease, in which the beta cells of the pancreas aren't doing their job, was formerly called "juvenile". diabetes. 2: You can get the 2007 S-Type of this cat starting at $49,000. Jaguar. 3: Meyer Friedman coined this term for an angry, driven personality type who Friedman thought had high heart attack risk. Type A. 4: Among blood types, this one has neither of the main letter antigens. Type O. 5: If you're only ever offered one kind of role, like a priest or a Nazi, you're being this. typecast. Round 2. Category: S, U Or V 1: Compass direction. S (for south). 2: Roman numeral. V. 3: '80s sci-fi blockbuster miniseries concerning man-eating reptilian aliens. V. 4: Feel enriched if you know this symbol for the 92nd element of the periodic table. U (for uranium). 5: Also known as a transverse wave, this type of wave is found in an earthquake. S (for shear wave). Round 3. Category: Old Words 1: Elflock was tangled this, perhaps mussed by mischievous sprites. hair. 2: A cordwainer made these paired leather items. shoes. 3: An expergefactor was someone or something that did this to you, like a rooster. woke you up. 4: A gossip was one of these, a sponsor at a child's baptism. a godparent. 5: To be pot valiant was to be brave when in this condition. drunk. Round 4. Category: Sport Ability 1: Shooting 18 under at the 2015 Masters, Jordan Spieth tied this man for the tourney's all-time scoring record. Tiger Woods. 2: This team won back-to-back World Series titles in 1907 and 1908... things haven't gone that well since. the Cubs. 3: This swimmer's 8-for-8 Olympic performance in '08 included 4 individual world records. (Michael) Phelps. 4: In Super Bowl 50 the Broncos' Von Miller became the second man in 3 years to win MVP playing this defensive position. a linebacker. 5: In world team tennis in the 1970s, this 6-time Wimbledon singles champ was one of the first women to coach pro men. Billie Jean King. Round 5. Category: Math-Free Word Problems 1: If Mo can eat 25 Twinkies in 30 minutes, how concerned was Mo when this maker of Twinkies went bankrupt in 2012?. Hostess. 2: If Becky has 13 half-dollars and 46 pennies, she's way short of the 2018-19 tuition of $49,330 at this N.J. Ivy League school. Princeton. 3: Sal hits .382 and Mal hits .392, so both lose the 1994 batting title to Tony Gwynn, who hit .394 for this western team. the (San Diego) Padres. 4: George II died at 76 in 1760, so maybe medicine improved by the time this great-great-granddaughter lived to be 81. Victoria. 5: If Carl's car exits Carlsbad Caverns at 60 MPH and Lou's leaves Louisville at 80, the 2 can meet in this Wyoming capital. Cheyenne. Thanks for listening! Come back tomorrow for more exciting trivia! Special thanks to https://blog.feedspot.com/trivia_podcasts/ AI Voices used

This weeks episode is centered around the eponymous Lopukhina Conspiracy but who is doing the conspiring and who is being conspired against?Plus events in Sweden are brought to a head, George II, the King of England gets involved in the war of the Austrian Succession, things take a downward turn for the Brunswicks and the Empress Elizabeth goes ballistic when she sees someone wearing pink!Click on one of the links below to join the Boyar Duma where for a small monthly subscription you'll receive the following -Exclusive membership of the Boyar Duma and a shout out on the PodcastAd-free podcasts - (ads may come in on the free feed at some point in the future but never for subscription members)At least one members only episode per monthGeneral release episodes at least 1 week earlier than normal Transcripts for each episode (Patreon Only) Via PatreonGo to the podcast website https://www.historyofrussia.net/and visit the Membership Page or the Patreon Logo on the home pageOr go to https://www.patreon.com/historyofrussia_boyarduma Via Apple Podcastssearch in apple podcasts for ‘Boyar Duma' or the ‘History of Russia podcast-members only' and hit subscribe.https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-history-of-russia-members-only/id1696439936 Via Spotify Search in spotify for 'Russia members only'https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/damon-boar/subscribe Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Música para os fogos de artifício reais, ou Music for the Royal Fireworks ( HWV 351) é uma suíte em ré maior para instrumentos de sopro composta por George Frideric Handel em 1749 sob contrato de George II da Grã-Bretanha para os fogos de artifício no Green Park de Londres em 27 de abril de 1749. A música celebra o fim da Guerra da Sucessão Austríaca e a assinatura do Tratado de Aix-la-Chapelle (Aachen) em 1748. A obra foi muito popular quando executada pela primeira vez e após a morte de Handel. FAÇA PARTE DO CONVERSA DE CÂMARA COM O NOSSO PADRIM! Então entre na conversa! No Padrin.com.br você pode ajudar o Conversa de Câmara a crescer e seguir divulgando ainda mais a boa música da humanidade. Mostre que você tem um gosto refinado apoiando a gente no Padrim.com.br ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.padrim.com.br/conversadecamara ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ RELAÇÃO DE PADRINS Karollina Coimbra, Aarão Barreto, Gustavo Klein, Fernanda Itri, Eduardo Barreto, Ediney Giordani, Tramujas Jr, Brasa de Andrade Neto e Aldo França.

William Boyd, 4º Conde de Kilmarnock era um nobre escocês. Boyd nasceu em 12 de maio de 1705. Ele foi educado em Glasgow e casado com Lady Anne Livingstone. Quando ele tinha 10 anos, seu pai apoiou George I durante a "primeira rebelião jacobita" em 1715 (também conhecida como "quinze"). Em 1745, durante a "segunda rebelião jacobita", Boyd inicialmente apoiou George II. Por razões desconhecidas, ele mudou seu apoio para Bonnie Prince Charlie, também conhecido como Charles Edward Stuart, o jovem pretendente. Algumas razões possíveis para sua mudança de opinião foram as influências de sua esposa, uma afronta pessoal ou o fato de ele ter passado por tempos difíceis e estar vivendo na pobreza. Boyd foi nomeado para o conselho privado de Charles. Ele também foi nomeado coronel da guarda e depois general. Boyd lutou nas batalhas de Falkirk e Culloden. Foi lá que ele foi capturado devido a um erro tático de sua própria autoria. Quando ele avistou um grupo de soldados hanoverianos, ele acreditou que fossem seus próprios homens e foi prontamente capturado ao se aproximar deles. Boyd foi levado para a Torre de Londres, onde foi julgado e condenado por Alta Traição. Sua sentença inicial era para ser enforcado, desenhado e esquartejado. Por causa de sua posição, sua sentença foi comutada para decapitação. Antes de sua execução, Boyd escreveu a um amigo sobre um assunto que o preocupava muito. Enquanto estava em Elgin, seu regimento precisava de sapatos. Ele combinou com os sapateiros da cidade de Elgin a fabricação de sapatos para todos os seus homens. Para isso, ele pagou a cidade pelo trabalho. O dinheiro deveria ter sido distribuído aos sapateiros por seus esforços. A notícia chegou a Boyd de que os sapateiros não haviam sido pagos e ele pediu a seu amigo que fosse a um aliado dele na cidade e confirmasse se a dívida havia sido saldada ou não. Ele orientou seu amigo a fazer com que sua esposa providenciasse o pagamento, caso nada tivesse sido aplicado à dívida. Boyd foi executado em Tower Hill em 18 de agosto de 1746. Ele é conhecido por seu apoio ao Bonnie Prince Charlie e como um dos últimos três nobres executados na Grã-Bretanha. Boyd serviu como Grão-Mestre da Grande Loja da Escócia de 1742 a 1743. --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/malhete-podcast/message

Kate Middleton admitted to being 41.  We kinda knew that Kate.  But she admitted it to a young girl.  Hey it's a cute story. Meanwhile, on this date in 1776, one of Charles' ancestors had a lousy day as some farmers declared they were done with him.  Except we didn't have phones yet so George II probably didn't even know.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Samuel Adams foi um advogado casca-grossa que comprou a briga do século com Thomas Hutchinson e o rei George II da Grã-Bretanha, abrindo caminho para uma cultura de militância antimonárquica que, 11 anos mais tarde, virou a Guerra de Independência dos EUA. Falamos também do eterno debate entre federalistas e antifederalistas, contradições na democracia americana e a mitologia em torno dos founding fathers. Trilha: Béla Bartók . Music for strings, sz. 106 Música de desfecho: The Mice. "I am not proud of the USA" (1985) (Em breve a bibliografia será postada)

Shipwrecks and the Bounty of the Sea (Oxford University Press, 2022), Dr. David Cressy is a work of social history examining community relationships, law, and seafaring over the long early modern period. It explores the politics of the coastline, the economy of scavenging, and the law of 'wreck of the sea' from the beginning of the reign of Elizabeth I to the end of the reign of George II. England's coastlines were heavily trafficked by naval and commercial shipping, but an unfortunate percentage was cast away or lost. Shipwrecks were disasters for merchants and mariners, but opportunities for shore dwellers. As the proverb said, it was an ill wind that blew nobody any good. Lords of manors, local officials, officers of the Admiralty, and coastal commoners competed for maritime cargoes and the windfall of wreckage, which they regarded as providential godsends or entitlements by right. A varied haul of commodities, wines, furnishings, and bullion came ashore, much of it claimed by the crown. The people engaged in salvaging these wrecks came to be called 'wreckers', and gained a reputation as violent and barbarous plunderers. Close attention to statements of witnesses and reports of survivors shows this image to be largely undeserved. Dramatic evidence from previously unexplored manuscript sources reveals coastal communities in action, collaborating as well as competing, as they harvested the bounty of the sea. This interview was conducted by Dr. Miranda Melcher whose doctoral work focused on post-conflict military integration, understanding treaty negotiation and implementation in civil war contexts, with qualitative analysis of the Angolan and Mozambican civil wars. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network

Shipwrecks and the Bounty of the Sea (Oxford University Press, 2022), Dr. David Cressy is a work of social history examining community relationships, law, and seafaring over the long early modern period. It explores the politics of the coastline, the economy of scavenging, and the law of 'wreck of the sea' from the beginning of the reign of Elizabeth I to the end of the reign of George II. England's coastlines were heavily trafficked by naval and commercial shipping, but an unfortunate percentage was cast away or lost. Shipwrecks were disasters for merchants and mariners, but opportunities for shore dwellers. As the proverb said, it was an ill wind that blew nobody any good. Lords of manors, local officials, officers of the Admiralty, and coastal commoners competed for maritime cargoes and the windfall of wreckage, which they regarded as providential godsends or entitlements by right. A varied haul of commodities, wines, furnishings, and bullion came ashore, much of it claimed by the crown. The people engaged in salvaging these wrecks came to be called 'wreckers', and gained a reputation as violent and barbarous plunderers. Close attention to statements of witnesses and reports of survivors shows this image to be largely undeserved. Dramatic evidence from previously unexplored manuscript sources reveals coastal communities in action, collaborating as well as competing, as they harvested the bounty of the sea. This interview was conducted by Dr. Miranda Melcher whose doctoral work focused on post-conflict military integration, understanding treaty negotiation and implementation in civil war contexts, with qualitative analysis of the Angolan and Mozambican civil wars. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/history

Shipwrecks and the Bounty of the Sea (Oxford University Press, 2022), Dr. David Cressy is a work of social history examining community relationships, law, and seafaring over the long early modern period. It explores the politics of the coastline, the economy of scavenging, and the law of 'wreck of the sea' from the beginning of the reign of Elizabeth I to the end of the reign of George II. England's coastlines were heavily trafficked by naval and commercial shipping, but an unfortunate percentage was cast away or lost. Shipwrecks were disasters for merchants and mariners, but opportunities for shore dwellers. As the proverb said, it was an ill wind that blew nobody any good. Lords of manors, local officials, officers of the Admiralty, and coastal commoners competed for maritime cargoes and the windfall of wreckage, which they regarded as providential godsends or entitlements by right. A varied haul of commodities, wines, furnishings, and bullion came ashore, much of it claimed by the crown. The people engaged in salvaging these wrecks came to be called 'wreckers', and gained a reputation as violent and barbarous plunderers. Close attention to statements of witnesses and reports of survivors shows this image to be largely undeserved. Dramatic evidence from previously unexplored manuscript sources reveals coastal communities in action, collaborating as well as competing, as they harvested the bounty of the sea. This interview was conducted by Dr. Miranda Melcher whose doctoral work focused on post-conflict military integration, understanding treaty negotiation and implementation in civil war contexts, with qualitative analysis of the Angolan and Mozambican civil wars. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Shipwrecks and the Bounty of the Sea (Oxford University Press, 2022), Dr. David Cressy is a work of social history examining community relationships, law, and seafaring over the long early modern period. It explores the politics of the coastline, the economy of scavenging, and the law of 'wreck of the sea' from the beginning of the reign of Elizabeth I to the end of the reign of George II. England's coastlines were heavily trafficked by naval and commercial shipping, but an unfortunate percentage was cast away or lost. Shipwrecks were disasters for merchants and mariners, but opportunities for shore dwellers. As the proverb said, it was an ill wind that blew nobody any good. Lords of manors, local officials, officers of the Admiralty, and coastal commoners competed for maritime cargoes and the windfall of wreckage, which they regarded as providential godsends or entitlements by right. A varied haul of commodities, wines, furnishings, and bullion came ashore, much of it claimed by the crown. The people engaged in salvaging these wrecks came to be called 'wreckers', and gained a reputation as violent and barbarous plunderers. Close attention to statements of witnesses and reports of survivors shows this image to be largely undeserved. Dramatic evidence from previously unexplored manuscript sources reveals coastal communities in action, collaborating as well as competing, as they harvested the bounty of the sea. This interview was conducted by Dr. Miranda Melcher whose doctoral work focused on post-conflict military integration, understanding treaty negotiation and implementation in civil war contexts, with qualitative analysis of the Angolan and Mozambican civil wars. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/european-studies

Shipwrecks and the Bounty of the Sea (Oxford University Press, 2022), Dr. David Cressy is a work of social history examining community relationships, law, and seafaring over the long early modern period. It explores the politics of the coastline, the economy of scavenging, and the law of 'wreck of the sea' from the beginning of the reign of Elizabeth I to the end of the reign of George II. England's coastlines were heavily trafficked by naval and commercial shipping, but an unfortunate percentage was cast away or lost. Shipwrecks were disasters for merchants and mariners, but opportunities for shore dwellers. As the proverb said, it was an ill wind that blew nobody any good. Lords of manors, local officials, officers of the Admiralty, and coastal commoners competed for maritime cargoes and the windfall of wreckage, which they regarded as providential godsends or entitlements by right. A varied haul of commodities, wines, furnishings, and bullion came ashore, much of it claimed by the crown. The people engaged in salvaging these wrecks came to be called 'wreckers', and gained a reputation as violent and barbarous plunderers. Close attention to statements of witnesses and reports of survivors shows this image to be largely undeserved. Dramatic evidence from previously unexplored manuscript sources reveals coastal communities in action, collaborating as well as competing, as they harvested the bounty of the sea. This interview was conducted by Dr. Miranda Melcher whose doctoral work focused on post-conflict military integration, understanding treaty negotiation and implementation in civil war contexts, with qualitative analysis of the Angolan and Mozambican civil wars. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/law

Shipwrecks and the Bounty of the Sea (Oxford University Press, 2022), Dr. David Cressy is a work of social history examining community relationships, law, and seafaring over the long early modern period. It explores the politics of the coastline, the economy of scavenging, and the law of 'wreck of the sea' from the beginning of the reign of Elizabeth I to the end of the reign of George II. England's coastlines were heavily trafficked by naval and commercial shipping, but an unfortunate percentage was cast away or lost. Shipwrecks were disasters for merchants and mariners, but opportunities for shore dwellers. As the proverb said, it was an ill wind that blew nobody any good. Lords of manors, local officials, officers of the Admiralty, and coastal commoners competed for maritime cargoes and the windfall of wreckage, which they regarded as providential godsends or entitlements by right. A varied haul of commodities, wines, furnishings, and bullion came ashore, much of it claimed by the crown. The people engaged in salvaging these wrecks came to be called 'wreckers', and gained a reputation as violent and barbarous plunderers. Close attention to statements of witnesses and reports of survivors shows this image to be largely undeserved. Dramatic evidence from previously unexplored manuscript sources reveals coastal communities in action, collaborating as well as competing, as they harvested the bounty of the sea. This interview was conducted by Dr. Miranda Melcher whose doctoral work focused on post-conflict military integration, understanding treaty negotiation and implementation in civil war contexts, with qualitative analysis of the Angolan and Mozambican civil wars. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Shipwrecks and the Bounty of the Sea (Oxford University Press, 2022), Dr. David Cressy is a work of social history examining community relationships, law, and seafaring over the long early modern period. It explores the politics of the coastline, the economy of scavenging, and the law of 'wreck of the sea' from the beginning of the reign of Elizabeth I to the end of the reign of George II. England's coastlines were heavily trafficked by naval and commercial shipping, but an unfortunate percentage was cast away or lost. Shipwrecks were disasters for merchants and mariners, but opportunities for shore dwellers. As the proverb said, it was an ill wind that blew nobody any good. Lords of manors, local officials, officers of the Admiralty, and coastal commoners competed for maritime cargoes and the windfall of wreckage, which they regarded as providential godsends or entitlements by right. A varied haul of commodities, wines, furnishings, and bullion came ashore, much of it claimed by the crown. The people engaged in salvaging these wrecks came to be called 'wreckers', and gained a reputation as violent and barbarous plunderers. Close attention to statements of witnesses and reports of survivors shows this image to be largely undeserved. Dramatic evidence from previously unexplored manuscript sources reveals coastal communities in action, collaborating as well as competing, as they harvested the bounty of the sea. This interview was conducted by Dr. Miranda Melcher whose doctoral work focused on post-conflict military integration, understanding treaty negotiation and implementation in civil war contexts, with qualitative analysis of the Angolan and Mozambican civil wars. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/british-studies

Shipwrecks and the Bounty of the Sea (Oxford University Press, 2022), Dr. David Cressy is a work of social history examining community relationships, law, and seafaring over the long early modern period. It explores the politics of the coastline, the economy of scavenging, and the law of 'wreck of the sea' from the beginning of the reign of Elizabeth I to the end of the reign of George II. England's coastlines were heavily trafficked by naval and commercial shipping, but an unfortunate percentage was cast away or lost. Shipwrecks were disasters for merchants and mariners, but opportunities for shore dwellers. As the proverb said, it was an ill wind that blew nobody any good. Lords of manors, local officials, officers of the Admiralty, and coastal commoners competed for maritime cargoes and the windfall of wreckage, which they regarded as providential godsends or entitlements by right. A varied haul of commodities, wines, furnishings, and bullion came ashore, much of it claimed by the crown. The people engaged in salvaging these wrecks came to be called 'wreckers', and gained a reputation as violent and barbarous plunderers. Close attention to statements of witnesses and reports of survivors shows this image to be largely undeserved. Dramatic evidence from previously unexplored manuscript sources reveals coastal communities in action, collaborating as well as competing, as they harvested the bounty of the sea. This interview was conducted by Dr. Miranda Melcher whose doctoral work focused on post-conflict military integration, understanding treaty negotiation and implementation in civil war contexts, with qualitative analysis of the Angolan and Mozambican civil wars.

In this special live episode, recorded at the Buckingham Literary Festival last weekend, the award-winning writer Flora Fraser takes us to one of the most remote places in the British Isles to witness the dramatic story of how her namesake Flora Macdonald helped Bonnie Prince Charlie escape after his failed attempt to take the throne from George II. Their adventure is one of the most romantic and romanticised episodes in our history, sighed over and depicted by succeeding generations seduced by Flora's bravery and charm. Flora Fraser is the author of several acclaimed works of history including Beloved Emma: The Life of Emma, Lady Hamilton; Venus of Empire, The Life of Pauline Bonaparte, and The Washingtons. Her book Pretty Young Rebel, The Life of Flora MacDonald is out now in hardback. For more, as ever, visit our website: tttpodcast.com. Show notes Scene One: June 1746. The Prince comes to Flora at midnight in South Uist and asks for help.  Scene Two: September 1746. Flora is a captive on a Royal Navy warship in Leith harbour and a celebrity. Scene Three: December 1746. The ship bringing Flora South from Leith reaches London. Memento: The handsomely bound Bible in two volumes that Flora carried down to London, where she was kept a state prisoner into the following year. People/Social Presenter: Violet Moller Guest: Flora Fraser Production: Maria Nolan Podcast partner: Ace Cultural Tours Theme music: ‘Love Token' from the album ‘This Is Us' By Slava and Leonard Grigoryan Follow us on Twitter: @tttpodcast_ See where 1746 fits on our Timeline  

DescriptionHandel's Water Music was composed around 1717 and first performed after George I requested a concert on the River Thames. Take a minute to get the scoop!Fun FactThe first performance of the Water Music is recorded in The Daily Courant, the first British daily newspaper. At about 8 p.m. on Wednesday, 17 July 1717, King George I and several aristocrats boarded a royal barge at Whitehall Palace, for an excursion up the Thames toward Chelsea. The rising tide propelled the barge upstream without rowing. Another barge, provided by the City of London, transported about 50 musicians who performed Handel's music. Many other Londoners also took to the river to hear the concert. About Steven, HostSteven is a Canadian composer & actor living in Toronto. Through his music, he creates a range of works, with an emphasis on the short-form genre—his muse being to offer the listener both the darker and more satiric shades of human existence. If you're interested, please check out his music website for more. Member of the Canadian League Of Composers.__________________________________________________________________You can FOLLOW ME on Instagram.

The US declaration of Independence described George III (1760-1820) as “marked by every act which may define a tyrant.” At home he was described as one of the most conscientious sovereigns who ever sat upon the English throne. Yet, he vehemently opposed catholic emancipation and the abolition of slavery. His characterisations are almost as broad as the events that unfolded during long reign. It saw an independent United States and a revolutionary France. It saw the age of enlightenment, the age of industry, science and technology and the age of imperialism that would see Europe reach the peak of its global power. Characters George III – King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain (1760-1820) and Ireland (1801-20) Charlotte of Mecklenberg-Strelitz – Queen consort of the United Kingdom of Great Britain (1760-1820) and Ireland (1801-20) Prince Frederick – father of George III, son of George II, Prince of Wales (1729-51) Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha – mother of George III Prince George – son of George III, Prince of Wales, Prince Regent of the United Kingdom (1811-20) Prince Henry – duke of Cumberland, brother of George III France Maximillien Robespierre – leading Jacobin revolutionary Charles Danton – leading Jacobin revolutionary Napoleon Bonaparte – Emperor of France Louis XVI – King of France (1774-92) Louis XVIII – King of France (1814-15, 1815-24) Marie Antoinette – Queen consort of France, wife of Louis XVI (1774-92) Pierre-Charles Villaneuve – French vice-admiral at the Battle of Trafalgar Joseph Bonaparte – King of Spain and Naples, brother of Napoleon Louis Bonaparte – King of Holland, brother of Napoleon United States Thomas Paine – English-born American revolutionary activist Benjamin Franklin – writer, diplomat and philosopher George Washington – military officer and statesman. 1st President of the United States (1789-97) James Madison – President of the United States (1809-17) Andrew Jackson – general and statesman, President of the United States (1829-37) Prime Ministers Thomas Pelham, Duke of Newcastle (1757-62) John Stuart, Earl of Bute (1762-63) George Grenville (1763-65) Charles Watson-Wentworth, Marquess of Rockingham (1765-66, 82) William Pitt (the elder), earl of Chatham – Prime Minister (1766-68) Augustus FitzRoy, Duke of Grafton (1768-70) Frederick, Lord North (1770-82) William Petty, Earl of Shelburne (1782-83) William Cavendish-Bentinck, Duke of Portland (1783, 1807-09) William Pitt (the younger) (1783-1801, 1804-06) Henry Addington (1801-04) William Grenville (1806-07) Spencer Perceval (1809-12) Robert Jenkinson, Earl of Liverpool (1812-27) Charles Fox – Whig politician Lord Effingham – in charge of the coronation Horatio Nelson – Admiral and flag officer in the Royal Navy Cuthbert Collingwood – Admiral in the Royal Navy Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington – commander at the Battle of Waterloo William Howe – commander-in-chief of the British land forces during the American War of Independence John Burgoyne – British general during the American War of Independence Charles Cornwallis – British general during the American War of Independence Thomas Gray – British poet and scholar Sarah Lennox – favourite of George John Harrison – British clockmaker and inventor of the marine chronometer Abel Tasman – Dutch seafarer and explorer James Cook – British captain and explorer Capability Brown – British gardener and landscape architect Benjamin West – American artist William Herschel – German-born British astronomer Pope Pius VI – head of the Catholic Church (1775-99)

George II's (1727-60) temper was warm and impetuous but was good natured and sincere. He was unskilled in royal of talent of dissimulation, he always was what he appeared to be. He might offend but he never deceived. What you saw was what you got. Could Britain's second Hanoverian king provide calm composure against the immense challenges presented by a new Jacobite claimant and the first true global conflict in an unforgiving environment led by burgeoning prime ministers? Characters George II – King of Great Britain, Elector of Hanover (1727-60) Caroline of Ansbach – Queen consort of Great Britain, Electress consort of Hanover (1727-37) George I – King of Great Britain (1714-27, Elector of Hanover (1698-1727), father of George II Sophia Dorothea of Celle – mother of George II Sophia of Hanover – Electress of Hanover (1692-98), heiress presumptive to the British throne, grandmother of George II Ernest Augustus – Elector of Hanover (1692-98), grandfather of George II Frederick, prince of Wales – eldest son of George II and Caroline, heir apparent to British throne William, duke of Cumberland – youngest son of George II and Caroline, British army general Philip Christoph von Konigsmarck – Swedish count and lover of Sophia Dorothea of Celle Anne – Queen of Great Britain (1702-14) John Churchill, the duke of Marlborough – British military commander under Queen Anne James Stuart (the Old Pretender) – son of James II and Jacobite pretender Charles Edward Stuart (Bonnie Prince Charlie) – grandson of James II and Jacobite pretender, son of James Stuart Robert Walpole – Prime Minister of Great Britain (1721-42) Charles Townshend – Statesman and director of foreign policy under Walpole Spencer Compton, earl of Wilmington - Prime Minister of Great Britain (1742-43) Henry Pelham - Prime Minister of Great Britain (1743-54) Thomas Pelham, duke of Newcastle - Prime Minister of Great Britain (1754-57, 57-62) William Pitt – British statesman and informal leader (1756-61) Horace Walpole – statesman and son of Robert Walpole Mary Bellenden – mistress of George II Henrietta Howard – mistress of George II Amalie von Wallmoden – mistress of George II John Hervey – courtier and political writer George Friderich Handel – German-British composer Robert Jenkins – Welsh mariner who sparked the War of Jenkin's Ear Robert Clive – general and governor of the Bengal Presidency John Byng – British admiral at the Battle of Minorca James Wolfe – general at the Battle of Quebec Elizabeth Montagu – social reformer and literary critic James Caulfeild, earl of Charlemont – Irish statesman Credits Music for the Royal Fireworks – George Frideric Handel Concerto for flute in A minor – Johann Sebastian Bach bbc_18th-centu_07019161 bbc_period-bat_07019148 bbc_period-bat_07019002 bbc_large-outd_07019156 bbc_period-bat_07019151 451958__kyles__flag-flaps-back-and-forth-between-2-flags-in-high-wind-on-mountain-good-crisp-fabric-detail bbc_animals--h_07024150 horses resting bbc_700-people_07010060 bbc_atmosphere_07030054 505272__diegolar__surrounded-by-horse close perspective 464490__elynch0901__human-knocked-over 427972__lipalearning__male-grunt 365676__mr-alden__dinner-table-ambience 344145__brokenphono__swig-of-whiskey-001 275581__hinzebeat__cutlery-throwing-2 155589__leafs67__walking-in-long-grass 139973__jessepash__crowd-yay-applause-25ppl-long 98055__tomlija__wine-bottle-break-2 82019__benboncan__distant-hunt-with-shots or countryside

Die "Coronation Anthems", die Georg Friedrich Händel 1727 für die Krönung des englischen Königs George II. komponierte, zählen bis heute zu den besonders prachtvoll glänzenden Musikstücken für eine feierliche sakrale Zeremonie. Hervé Niquet hat die vier Krönungshymnen neu aufgenommen.

Welcome to This Week in Royal History, where we're exploring the world outside the Tudors with royal history highlights from a variety of centuries. This week we look at the following people: Sophia Charlotte of Hanover, Amelia Sophia Eleanor (daughter of George II), Eleanor of England (daughter of Henry II), Charles II of Spain, Anne of York (daughter of Edward IV), Edmund Tudor, and Sophia (daughter of George III). -- Commercial FREE for patrons! Love the Tudors? Read the stories of the Tudors on Tudors Dynasty! Shop Tudors Dynasty Merchandise -- Credits: Hosted by: Rebecca Larson Opening Music: Light And Breezy (Loopable} by chilledmusic Free download: https://filmmusic.io/song/9393-light-and-breezy-loopable License (CC BY 4.0): https://filmmusic.io/standard-license --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/rebecca-larson/message

In this episode, Adam speaks with directors Dante Benazzo & Amanda Connors.Andrea Dante Benazzo trained as an actor and graduated from National Academy Silvio d'Amico in 2020. Feeling the urge to move from acting to personal research in directing his first work, in alto il Sole in basso, which premiered at the Contaminazioni Festival in 2018. His second work, Partschótt, was part of the 2020 Romaeuropa Festival. He's worked as assistant director for Alessandro Businaro for George II  (Venice Biennale Teatro 2020) and is currently working as assistant director for Valentino Villa for “Au bord” (Romaeuropa Festival). His work explores accumulation, cataloging & statistics - as a means of expression of human frailty - through live performance and its possible extensions.  Starting from autobiography and documentary, he investigates non-linearity, inconsistency, and non-existence of reality. Amanda Connors is a director based in NYC. With degrees in theatre and journalism from the University of Wisconsin-Madison, she is a graduate of the National Theater Institute at the O'Neill Theater Center, and teaches at the American Musical and Dramatic Academy. She's directed in NYC and around the U.S and assisted at Second Stage, Signature, Guthrie, O'Neill, Cal Shakes, and more. She was in the MTC Directing Fellowship, a recipient of the SDCF Directing Observership, the NAMT Directing Observership, and an alumna of Directors Lab Mediterranean, North, and West. She's studied Complicité, Droznin movement under Rachel Jett, with Intimacy Directors and Coordinators, with certifications from the Society of American Fight Directors. Mentioned in this episode:Paul Auster's The Invention of SolitudeMilo RauApitchatpongNick ConnorsSupport the showIf you enjoyed this week´s podcast, please leave a review on Apple Podcasts. To submit a question: Voice- http://www.speakpipe.com/theatreofothers Email- podcast@theatreofothers.com Show Credits Co-Hosts: Adam Marple & Budi MillerProducer: Jack BurmeisterMusic: https://www.purpl...

英语新闻︱英国为已故女王伊丽莎白二世举行国葬For the first time in more than two centuries,Westminster Abbey in London was full of mourners for the state funeral of a monarch, as the UnitedKingdom said farewell on Monday to Queen Elizabeth II, the longest reigningsovereign in the nation's history.英国19日为已故女王伊丽莎白二世举行国葬，两百年后，伦敦威斯敏斯特教堂再次挤满了前来哀悼的公众。The state funeral was organized after 10 daysof national mourning in the UK after the queen passed away on Sept 8. The lastfuneral for a monarch in the abbey was in 1760, for George II.伊丽莎白二世于8日去世，英国举国哀悼了10天之后举行了国葬。是自1760年英王乔治二世的葬礼以来，首次在威斯敏斯特教堂举行的君主葬礼。Among the 2,000 attendees at the funeral weremembers of the British royal family, UK politicians and foreign leadersincluding United States President Joe Biden, French President Emmanuel Macronand Chinese Vice-President Wang Qishan, who came as President Xi Jinping'sspecial representative and had paid respects to the queen's lying-in-state onSunday evening.英国王室成员、政府官员、外国王室成员和政要等2000多位宾客出席了女王的葬礼，其中包括美国总统拜登和法国总统马克龙。应英国政府邀请，国家主席习近平特别代表、国家副主席王岐山出席葬礼，并于18日晚对女王去世表示哀悼。Over the past four days, hundreds of thousandsof people from across the UK and many other countries filed past the coffin ofthe queen at Westminster Hall, some of them having waited for more than 10 hours.在过去的四天里，不少英国及全球各地的民众在威斯敏斯特宫外排队等待进入瞻仰女王，其中一些民众等候长达十余个小时。The funeral service in the abbey began at 11am, and lasted around an hour. Toward the end of the service at 11:55 am, atwo-minute silence was observed in the UK for the late queen.葬礼从上午11时开始，持续了大约一个小时。上午11时55分，葬礼进入尾声，英国全国默哀两分钟。Outside the abbey, crowds lined up along the3-kilometer route on which the coffin of the queen was transported on the RoyalNavy State Funeral Gun Carriage in a procession from Westminster Abbey and pastBuckingham Palace to Wellington Arch.仪式结束后，女王灵柩由皇家海军炮车护送，队伍从威斯敏斯特教堂出发，经过白金汉宫，抵达惠灵顿拱门。一路上民众排起了长队吊唁女王。The coffin was then taken by hearse to WindsorCastle and buried at St George's Chapel together with her late husband, PrincePhilip, the Duke of Edinburgh.随后，灵柩被送往温莎城堡的圣乔治教堂举行入葬仪式，与女王已故的丈夫菲利普亲王安葬在一起。The passing away of the queen, who was thefirst British monarch to visit China, in 1986, and witnessed the development ofbilateral relations between the two countries, has also reverberated amongthe Chinese community in the UK as well expatriates in China.1986年，伊丽莎白二世对中国进行了为期6天的国事访问，是第一位访华的英国君主，女王见证了中英两国关系的发展。女王的去世也在英国华人社区和英国在华侨民之中引起了反响。记者：邢奕编辑：陈月华mourner英[ˈmɔ:nə(r)]；美[ˈmɔrnə(r)]n.哀悼者，悲伤者;悲伤的人，哀伤的人;忏悔者;[拳]眼圈被打得发黑的拳手coffin英[ˈkɒfɪn]；美[ˈkɔːfɪn]n.棺材;蹄槽reverberate英[rɪˈvɜ:bəreɪt]；美[rɪˈvɜrbəreɪt]vi.回响;弹回;反射vt.使回响;使反射;使回弹expatriate英[ˌeksˈpætriət]；美[ˌeksˈpeɪtriət]n.侨民，移居国外者;被逐出国外者

Arnaud Kientz est un chanteur d'opéra français, il a 51 ans, il est baryton et a sorti quelques albums, notamment un en 2017 où il interprète les plus grands hymnes nationaux dont celui du Royaume-Uni : "God save the Queen". Il a fait la version originale de l'hymne anglais, puisque c'est le roi George II qui l'a imposé en 1745. Il enregistre donc "God save the King", disponible entre autres sur les plateformes de streaming...Evidemment pendant 5 ans, c'est calme au niveau des écoutes. Et puis le jour de l'accession au trône de Charles, là tout s'accélère : 500.000 écoutes en quelques jours. Tous les jours à 6h50 sur RTL, Florian Gazan révèle une histoire insolite et surprenante, liée à l'actualité.

Riccardo primo, re d'Inghilterra ("Richard the First, King of England", HWV 23) is an opera seria in three acts written by George Frideric Handel for the Royal Academy of Music (1719). The Italian-language libretto was by Paolo Antonio Rolli, after Francesco Briani's Isacio tiranno, set by Antonio Lotti in 1710. Handel wrote the work for the Royal Academy's 1726–27 opera season, and also as homage to the newly crowned George II and the nation where Handel had just received citizenship.Purchase the music (without talk) at:Handel: Riccardo Primo, HWV 23 (classicalsavings.com)Your purchase helps to support our show! Classical Music Discoveries is sponsored by La Musica International Chamber Music Festival and Uber. @CMDHedgecock#ClassicalMusicDiscoveries #KeepClassicalMusicAlive#LaMusicaFestival #CMDGrandOperaCompanyofVenice #CMDParisPhilharmonicinOrléans#CMDGermanOperaCompanyofBerlin#CMDGrandOperaCompanyofBarcelonaSpain#ClassicalMusicLivesOn#Uber Please consider supporting our show, thank you!http://www.classicalsavings.com/donate.html staff@classicalmusicdiscoveries.com

Donald Macleod explores Handel's crucial relationship with the British monarchy, and how he and the Georgian Kings helped forge a new sense of British culture and identity. What could be more quintessentially British than a rousing chorus of Handel's Hallelujah Chorus? Or his anthem Zadok the Priest, which has been performed at every British coronation since 1727? Yet, though the composer became was a naturalised British subject, he was born in Germany and kept his German accent all of his life. The same was true of the two Kings Handel served, George I and George II. This week, as we head towards a royal jubilee weekend, Donald Macleod explores Handel's crucial relationship with the British monarchy, and how he and the Georgian Kings helped forge a new sense of British culture and identity. Music Featured: Messiah: Hallelujah Chorus Agrippina, Act 2: "Pensieri, voi mi tormentate" Handel: Concerto Grosso in B flat, Op 3 No 1 Rinaldo, Act 1: “Cara Sposa” ‘Utrecht' Jubilate Te Deum in D, ‘Queen Caroline' (Mvts 1 & 2) Water Music (excerpt) Radamisto, Act 2: “Ombra caro di mia sposa” I will magnify thee Overture to Admeto Riccardo primo, re d'Inghilterra, Act 2 ‘T'amo si' My Heart is Inditing Ariodante Act III: ‘Dopo Notte' and Finale Zadok the Priest Funeral Anthem for Queen Caroline: I. Introduction, II. The Ways of Zion do Morn Messiah: ‘Every valley shall be exalted' and No 4 ‘And the glory of the Lord shall be revealed' Israel in Egypt: (extracts from Parts II and III) Concerto Grosso No 12 in B minor ‘Dettingen' Te Deum: ‘Vouchsafe, O Lord, to keep us this day' Occasional Oratorio: Overture Handel Organ Concerto Op 4 No 1: II. Allegro Judas Maccabaeus, Part 2: ‘See! The Conquering Hero Comes', ‘Sing Unto God' and ‘O Lovely Peace' Music for the Royal Fireworks Messiah: Hallelujah Chorus Presented by Donald Macleod Produced by Chris Taylor For full track listings, including artist and recording details, and to listen to the pieces featured in full (for 30 days after broadcast) head to the series page for Handel and the Crown https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m0017m2m And you can delve into the A-Z of all the composers we've featured on Composer of the Week here: http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/3cjHdZlXwL7W41XGB77X3S0/composers-a-to-z

Et tout ça grâce au roi George II qui régna sur l'Angleterre au XVIIIe siècle. En 1748, il prit une étrange décision. Il ordonna que son anniversaire soit officiellement célébré en grande pompe le deuxième samedi du mois de juin. C'est ainsi que naquit cette grande parade appelée au Royaume-Uni : Trooping The Colour, "Le salut aux couleurs". Cette saison, les Grosses Têtes vous proposent de découvrir ou redécouvrir le nouveau podcast de Florian Gazan. Dans "Ah Ouais ?", Florian Gazan répond en une minute chrono à toutes les questions essentielles, existentielles, parfois complètement absurdes, qui vous traversent la tête. Un podcast RTL Originals.   Découvrez la page Facebook Officielle des "Grosses Têtes" : https://www.facebook.com/lesgrossestetesrtl/ Retrouvez vos "Grosses Têtes" sur Instagram : https://bit.ly/2hSBiAo Découvrez le compte Twitter Officiel des "Grosses Têtes" : https://bit.ly/2PXSkkz Toutes les vidéos des "Grosses Têtes" sont sur YouTube : https://bit.ly/2DdUyGg

Et tout ça grâce au roi George II qui régna sur l'Angleterre au XVIIIe siècle. En 1748, il prit une étrange décision. Comme il était un né un 10 novembre, période où la météo n'est pas vraiment propice à des fêtes en plein air, il ordonna que son anniversaire soit officiellement célébré en grande pompe le deuxième samedi du mois de juin. C'est ainsi que naquit cette grande parade appelée au Royaume-Uni : Trooping The Colour, "Le salut aux couleurs". Dans "Ah Ouais ?", Florian Gazan répond en une minute chrono à toutes les questions essentielles, existentielles, parfois complètement absurdes, qui vous traversent la tête. Un podcast RTL Originals.

Et tout ça grâce au roi George II qui régna sur l'Angleterre au XVIIIe siècle. En 1748, il prit une étrange décision. Comme il était un né un 10 novembre, période où la météo n'est pas vraiment propice à des fêtes en plein air, il ordonna que son anniversaire soit officiellement célébré en grande pompe le deuxième samedi du mois de juin. C'est ainsi que naquit cette grande parade appelée au Royaume-Uni : Trooping The Colour, "Le salut aux couleurs". Dans "Ah Ouais ?", Florian Gazan répond en une minute chrono à toutes les questions essentielles, existentielles, parfois complètement absurdes, qui vous traversent la tête. Un podcast RTL Originals.

«Die Wahrheit ist das erste Opfer des Krieges», soll Hiram W. Johnson, der republikanische Senator aus Kalifornien 1918 gesagt haben. Dies gilt auch heute noch. Propaganda, Information Operation, Fake News und Psy Ops sind in einem Krieg gängige Werkzeuge, und zwar bei allen beteiligten Parteien. Es ist eine alte Weisheit, dass ein Krieg nur gewonnen werden kann, wenn das Volk die Kriegführung unterstützt. Aus diesem Grund versuchen die kriegführenden Regierungen alles zu unternehmen, um ihr Volk für den Krieg zu begeistern. Umgekehrt wird alles nichts unterlassen, um die Gegenseite zu demoralisieren. Wenn wir von Fake News und Propaganda sprechen, dann denken wir zuerst einmal an die Verbreitung von fabrizierten falschen Informationen. Die Wahrheit wird aber nicht nur mittels Lügen verzerrt, sondern auch durch das Verschweigen von Geschehnissen. Es ist auch nicht so, dass die bewusste Verfälschung der Wahrheit nur im Krieg geschieht. Zwar wird im Krieg diese Praxis verstärkt angewendet, doch auch in Friedenszeiten versuchen Menschen immer wieder, andere mittels Falschinformationen zu manipulieren. "Looking back on the Spanish civil war", George Orwell; Octavian vs. Marc Antonius; Simonino von Trient; Das Erdbeben von Lissabon; Der kranke König George II.; Condorcet und John Adams; Der Spanisch-Amerikanische Krieg; Die Kadaverbrennungsanlage; Der Sinowjew-Brief; Pitbulls in der Schweiz; Das Interview in der Zeitung "der Bund" Das Transkript zu dieser Ausgabe und die Quellenangaben finden Sie auf meiner Webseite: www.muellermathias.ch-

"Given that the ninth Earl was George II's Groom of the Stool, he was probably glad to get out in the fresh air at every opportunity"

Welcome to the Instant Trivia podcast episode 347, where we ask the best trivia on the Internet. Round 1. Category: Name That Toon 1: Because his view of Venus is obstructed, this Martian is going to blow up the Earth. Marvin the Martian. 2: In 1958 these 3 chipmunks had a No. 1 hit with "The Chipmunk Song". Alvin, Simon and Theodore. 3: He starred in 1948's "Symphony in Spinach". Popeye (the Sailor Man). 4: This show that debuted in 1993 featured siblings Dot, Yakko and Wakko (who sounds like Ringo Starr). Animaniacs. 5: 1948's "Magpie Madness" starred this Terrytoon pair. Heckle and Jeckle. Round 2. Category: Mini-Countries 1: If its royal family has no male heir, Monaco will become part of this country. France. 2: Discoverers of these South Sea islands named them for wise Biblical king whose wealth they sought. the Solomon Islands. 3: As co-sovereign of this Pyrenees land, the Bishop of Urgel, Spain is paid about $6.87 semi-annually. Andorra. 4: A problem for this African country is that much of its mail is mistakenly sent to Switzerland. Swaziland. 5: 80% of San Marino's gross national product comes from tourism and the sale of these. postage stamps. Round 3. Category: Which Came First? 1: The Rolling Stones,The Ink Spots,The Who,The The. The Ink Spots. 2: By birth:Richard Nixon,Ronald Reagan,John F. Kennedy. Ronald Reagan. 3: In Jane Austen novels:"Emma","Pride and Prejudice","Sense and Sensibility". Sense and Sensibility. 4: Velcro,safety pin,sewing machine. a safety pin. 5: Telephone,typewriter,home video recorder. the typewriter. Round 4. Category: By George, It's George 1: According to Parson Weems, this man was incapable of being mendacious. George Washington. 2: This U.S. general who loved horses and studied at a cavalry school helped protect the Lipizzaners in WWII. George Patton. 3: His command of the 7th Cavalry ended on June 25, 1876. General George Custer. 4: In 1760 he became the last British monarch to be buried in Westminster Abbey. George II. 5: This South American capital was once known as Stabroek. Georgetown. Round 5. Category: The War Years 1: In South Africa:1899-1902. the Boer War. 2: 1914-1918. World War I. 3: In the south Atlantic:1982. the Falkland Islands War. 4: In North America,1754-1763. the French and Indian Wars. 5: 264-241 B.C.. the First Punic War. Thanks for listening! Come back tomorrow for more exciting trivia!

Welcome to the Instant Trivia podcast episode 297, where we ask the best trivia on the Internet. Round 1. Category: Been There... 1: This country is in the east of a subcontinent. Bangladesh. 2: This nation sticks out like a sore thumb. Denmark. 3: It extends about 3,200 miles from east to west. Indonesia. 4: You don't hear so much about the East Bank where this country is. Jordan. 5: Formerly a British protectorate, it's the republic outlined here. Zambia. Round 2. Category: Storytellers 1: "Call him" the narrator of "Moby Dick". Ishmael. 2: Some sources say it was Carnegie Hall; others say it was the '67 Newport Festival where he first sang "Alice's Restaurant". Arlo Guthrie. 3: In addition to her "Fairie Tale Theatre", she now has "Tall Tales and Legends" playing on cable. Shelly Duvall. 4: He wrote his first 2 novels, "A Time to Kill" and "The Firm", while serving in the Mississippi legislature. John Grisham. 5: His "True at First Light", about an African safari, was published in 1999, 38 years after his suicide. Hemingway. Round 3. Category: Beatle Wannabes? 1: This prosecutor struck up the band for Bill Clinton's impeachment with his report. (Kenneth) Starr. 2: Known as a great orator, this president sang the praises for the Sherman Antitrust Act he signed into law. Benjamin Harrison. 3: Bill McCartney's harmony with Jesus led him to quit as football coach of this University's Buffaloes. Colorado. 4: Imagine Thomas Lennon's success with this Comedy Central show he co-created in which he plays Lt. Dangle. Reno 911!. 5: Son of Constantine I, Paul I became a solo act after succeeding George II as king of this country. Greece. Round 4. Category: Projectiles 1: In this sport you carry your projectiles in a quiver. archery. 2: At the end of "The Dating Game", Jim Lange invited couples to throw these "projectiles" to the audience. kisses. 3: Star-shaped projectiles were in the arsenal of these feudal Japanese mercenaries similar to samurai. ninjas. 4: The projectiles fly at 150 mph and can kill in this fronton-based game. jai alai. 5: It's the discharge of several projectiles or a return tennis shot made before the ball hits the ground. a volley. Round 5. Category: Good Doggie 1: The Pembroke variety of this breed is popular with royalty. corgis. 2: Lord Tweedsmuir bred some yellow these to produce the breed we know as golden these. retrievers. 3: This breed was originally raised by the Romans to fight lions. a Rottweiler. 4: The pharaohs bred this ancient dog, also called the gazelle hound. salukis. 5: The name of this breed comes from a Slavic word meaning "swift". a Borzoi. Thanks for listening! Come back tomorrow for more exciting trivia!

In the grounds of a mansion built for George II's mistress, Lib Dem MP for Twickenham Munira Wilson begins our walk along the Thames. West London's parks were a haven for her family as the new MP became her party's health spokesperson in the middle of a pandemic. Munira opens up about the how her faith gives her strength – and the frustrations of opposition when the Government has a huge majority. And we relive her best student nights out in Europe – and start the playlist for a Parliamentary night out. Editor: Richard Culver Presenter: Ben Weisz

In Part Two, Professor Davies continues to tolerate our editor, when discussing George II in his place as a European monarch. We also discuss the King of Slavery, as Norman has recently named him.You can buy Norman's Book, George II here: https://amzn.to/3aZ60E7Do head over to Aspects of History where you'll find plenty of content freely available: articles, interviews, book reviews and short stories.

We had the opportunity to discuss with legendary historian Norman Davies, his new book George II: Not Just a British Monarch. In the wake of last week's episode with Andrew Roberts on George III, what about the family that made him? Well, they're pretty dysfunctional. Norman was also helpful in ensuring I was using the correct language and not looking at the king through a British lens.Head over to Aspects of History to read more

Norman Davies introduces a long-maligned and overlooked monarch, George II, King of Great Britain and Ireland and Elector of Hanover, considering the legacy of his rule, the familial rifts that characterised his reign, and his role in the trade of enslaved people.(Ad) Norman Davies is the author of George II: Not Just a British Monarch (Penguin, 2021). Buy it now from Waterstones: https://go.skimresources.com?id=71026X1535947&xcust=historyextra-social-hexpod&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.waterstones.com%2Fbook%2Fgeorge-ii-penguin-monarchs%2Fnorman-davies%2F9780141978420 See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

There was no real problem with a woman inheriting the Austrian throne. But it could be a useful pretext for war by nations keen on advancing their own interests militarily. Frederick II of Prussia was quick to go to war - the Philosopher Prince became a Military King when he had the power to - and he seized the rich Austrian province of Silesia (which is actually Polish, but neither the Austrians nor the Prussians cared about that). Britain kept fighting the War of Jenkins' Ear against the Spanish, but then it got subsumed into the War of Austrian Succession, which it joined on the Austrian side as it had in the War of Spanish Succession. It did badly in the land war, under George II who, at Dettingen, became the last British sovereign to appear on a battlefield, and his younger son, the Duke of Cumberland, who proved pretty hopeless. They fought the French in America, chiefly through the Massachusetts colonists, and in India, through the East India Company. Most gains were handed back at the end of the fighting, except that Prussia hung on to Silesia. With British backing. Which annoyed Austria a lot, and that had consequences for the next war. A war that was bound to come, since this one had sorted out very little, apart from allowing Maria Theresa to mount the Austrian throne after all. Illustration: Empress Maria Theresa, portrait by Martin van Meytens, 1759. Public domain (published anywhere (or registered with the U.S. Copyright Office) before 1926 and public domain in the U.S.) Music: Bach Partita #2c by J Bu licensed under an Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivatives (aka Music Sharing) 3.0 International License

Welcome to the Instant Trivia podcast episode 151, where we ask the best trivia on the Internet. Round 1. Category: '80S Bands In Other Words 1: Lugers Plus American Beauties. Guns N' Roses. 2: Non-Hearing Panthera Pardus. Def Leppard. 3: Several Of The Boeing Craft Known As Stratofortresses. B-52's. 4: Gnarled Nun. Twisted Sister. 5: Hommes Sans Chapeaux. Men Without Hats. Round 2. Category: Inventions And Discoveries 1: Discovered in 1797 by Louis Nicolas Vauquelin, this element was named for the Greek for "color". chromium. 2: Prince Boris Golitzen invented an electromagnetic one of these, and was probably paid "Richter" scale. Seismograph. 3: In 1711, trumpeter John Shore invented this two-pronged pitch setter. Tuning fork. 4: In July of 1995, leptin was in the news; it's a protein that caused some mice to do this. lose weight. 5: In 1910 this Swiss company produced its first wrist chronometer. Rolex. Round 3. Category: Official Languages 1: Brazil. Portuguese. 2: In the Republic of Cyprus:These 2 languages. Greek and Turkish. 3: Canada(both, please). French and English. 4: Malagasy. Madagascar. 5: Kurdish. Iraq. Round 4. Category: By George, It's George 1: According to Parson Weems, this man was incapable of being mendacious. George Washington. 2: This U.S. general who loved horses and studied at a cavalry school helped protect the Lipizzaners in WWII. George Patton. 3: His command of the 7th Cavalry ended on June 25, 1876. General George Custer. 4: In 1760 he became the last British monarch to be buried in Westminster Abbey. George II. 5: This South American capital was once known as Stabroek. Georgetown. Round 5. Category: Lacrosse 1: To make up a men's lacrosse team, you need this many people, one more than a baseball team. 10. 2: Lacrosse was played for medals just twice in these games: in 1904 and 1908. Olympics. 3: Each half, each team is allowed two 2-minute ones. Time Outs. 4: As in hockey, each period begins with one of these. Face-Off. 5: The sport was named and developed in what's now this country, where it's a national game. Canada. Thanks for listening! Come back tomorrow for more exciting trivia!

George II, King of Great Britain and Ireland and Elector of Hanover from 1727-60, was considered short-tempered and uncultivated, but during his reign presided over a great flourishing in his adoptive country - economic, military, and cultural. In this talk, Norman Davies places George II in the unfamiliar framework of a composite state, stressing the monarch's conviction that his native German possessions were no less important than his British ones, together with the unfamiliar story of how his German Electorate was governed from St. James's Palace in London. He also discusses his book, George II: Not Just a British Monarch, and its use of unconventional terminology, calling the monarch 'George Augustus' (not just George II), insisting that he was 'King-Elector' not just a mere King, that he belonged to the dynasty of Von Welf (the Guelphs) not to the invented tribe of 'Hanoverians', and that his coat-of-arms, which, inter alia, bore the crown of the Holy Roman Empire, was 'royal and electoral', not just, as the British always say, 'royal'.Speaker: Professor Norman Davies FBA, Professor Emeritus of History, University of London; Honorary Fellow, St Antony's College, University of Oxford; Honorary Fellow, Clare Hall, University of Cambridge

In this episode of the podcast I add more about the possibly upcoming President George II after looking on President's own website, discuss the videos on the Yaesu FT4XE handheld by YouTube channel 'knoxieman', discuss my latest YouTube video where I attempt to get a QSO successfully through the GB7LE repeater, touch on why it really is not really needed to run more power than needed including pointing out it could be a lesson the burner brigades that sit on CB channel 19 could learn (though I know they won't) and touch on how these same individuals could be history because of the EMC compliance rules that are due to come into force, and also a report from the RSGB on a local to me Amateur radio club that has managed 400+ continuous nets since the beginning of the coronavirus lockdowns last year. I also mention that as this is the third episode I best get it on the usual podcasting services people go to to get their podcasts. The featured pizza is the Absolute Banger from Domino's

In this one we look at my last YouTube video, the May Radcom, report on a distance record set in the microwave bands and also touch on the alleged President George II multimode CB radio that mockups are doing the rounds on the world wide web The featured pizza is the Iceland Takeaway Stuffed crust BBQ Meat Feast

The Real Story Behind ‘Rule Britannia'

Today we celebrate the man who discovered the queen bee had ovaries, and he also said the head of the colony was not a king - but a queen. We'll also learn about the family behind the ubiquitous Jackman Clematis - it's the one with the large dark purple flowers with yellow centers. We hear words from Florida’s pioneer naturalist: Charles Torrey Simpson. We Grow That Garden Library™ with a magnificent book about Desert Gardens - this is one of the best. And then we’ll wrap things up with the sweet story of a gardener poet who made one of the first romantic gardens.   Subscribe Apple | Google | Spotify | Stitcher | iHeart To listen to the show while you're at home, just ask Alexa or Google to “Play the latest episode of The Daily Gardener Podcast.” And she will. It's just that easy.   The Daily Gardener Friday Newsletter Sign up for the FREE Friday Newsletter featuring: A personal update from me Garden-related items for your calendar The Grow That Garden Library™ featured books for the week Gardener gift ideas Garden-inspired recipes Exclusive updates regarding the show Plus, each week, one lucky subscriber wins a book from the Grow That Garden Library™ bookshelf.   Gardener Greetings Send your garden pics, stories, birthday wishes, and so forth to Jennifer@theDailyGardener.org   Curated News The Organization Challenge — Small Steps Bring Big Rewards | Hartley Magazine | Mary-Kate Mackey   Facebook Group If you'd like to check out my curated news articles and original blog posts for yourself, you're in luck. I share all of it with the Listener Community in the Free Facebook Group - The Daily Gardener Community. So, there’s no need to take notes or search for links. The next time you're on Facebook, search for Daily Gardener Community, where you’d search for a friend... and request to join. I'd love to meet you in the group.   Important Events February 12, 1637  Today is the birthday of the Dutch biologist and entomologist Jan Swammerdam (Yahn SWAH-MER-dam). Before Jan's work, people believed that insects were created spontaneously. Jan proved that insects were born from eggs laid by the female species and that the larva, pupa, and adult, were just different forms of the same species. After Jan dissected a female bee and discovered it had ovaries, he pronounced the head of the colony to be a queen bee "hitherto looked upon like a king." And here was Jan's description of the male bees: "[The hive] tolerates, during summer days of abundance, the embarrassing presence... of three or four hundred males, from whose ranks the queen about to be born shall select her lover; Three or four hundred foolish, clumsy, useless, noisy creatures, who are pretentious, gluttonous, dirty, course, totally and scandalously idle, insatiable, and enormous." And, Jan's description of the hive's survival abilities is still as vibrant and relevant today as it was when he wrote: "Should disaster befall the little Republic;  Should the hive or the comb collapse;  Should man prove ignorant or brutal;  Should they suffer from famine, from cold or disease, and perish by thousands,  it will still be almost invariably found that the queen will be safe and alive beneath the corpses of her faithful daughters. For they will protect her and help her escape;  their bodies will provide both rampart and shelter;  for her will be the last drop of honey, the wholesomest food.  Break their comb twenty times in succession, take twenty times from them their young and their food, you still shall never succeed in making them doubt of the future."   February 12, 1869 Today is the anniversary of the death of the English nurseryman, pomologist, florist, and Clematis hybridizer George Jackman. George died at the age of 68. Now today, I thought you'd enjoy learning about the Jackman family because that really is the story behind George Jackman and the multigenerational family behind the ubiquitous Jackman Clematis - it's the one with the large dark purple flowers with yellow centers. And, just an FYI, you can prune the Jackman back in the fall without hurting next year's bloom - so don't sweat it; you can't hurt it with an end of the season cleanup. Now, with multiple George's in the family, this George Jackman was always referred to as George I. Now, George I, and his brother Henry, were born into a nurseryman's family. In 1810, their father, William, founded Jackman Nursery on 150 acres in Woking ("Woe-king"), Surrey. George I and Henry grew up learning the business alongside their dad. And by 1830, Willliam had turned the business over to his sons. After a few years, Henry decided he wasn't interested in running the struggling nursery, and he left it for George I. In the fall of 1834, George married Mary Ann Freemont. He was 33 years old. In a little over three years, George II was born. The beginning of the year 1840 was a terrible time for George I. He lost his wife Mary in January and his father, William, in February. In the span of twenty-five days, George I and his 3-year-old son, George II, were alone. Needless to say, the nursery became the center of their world. Now, the start of Clematis hybridizing began in 1835, about 35 miles from the Jackman nursery. The site was London's Pineapple Nursery, run by John Andrew Henderson, and he was the very first person to create a Clematis hybrid. John called his creation the Clematis Hendersonii, and there’s no doubt that George I took notice. When George II was 13 years old, the great plant explorer, Robert Fortune, brought Clematis lanuginosa ("LAN-you-jee-NO-sah") to England. Native to China, the blooms on this Clematis were larger than any ever seen before. If Clematis blossoms were going to get bigger, the lanuginosa was the linchpin. By this point, George I was employing 35 men and six boys at the Jackman Nursery. George II shadowed every aspect of the business, and he grew to be a shrewd owner/operator. As a young man, George II was energized at the thought of clematis hybridizing. And when he was just 21 years old, George II crossed Fortune's lanuginosa with Hendersonii along with the climber atrorubens. In less than six months, they had 300 seedlings, and George Jackman II had an instant hit on his hands. The plant was hardy, it quickly produced long-lasting impressive flowers, and the rootstock lasted for many years. The year was 1858, and Clematis jackmanii (ii = "ee-eye") was born. And from George II's notebook, we see that he wrote: "Seedlings about 300 — results of hybrids: very robust growers, abundant in flower of rich deep purple and maroon." Clematis jackmanii went on to receive the Award of Garden Merit from The Royal Horticultural Society. And George II co-authored a book with Thomas Moore, the Secretary of The Royal Horticultural Society, and the the book was called Clematis as a Garden Flower. George II and Thomas Moore dedicated the book to HRH Princess Mary, the Duchess of Teck. The Clematis was one of her favorite flowers. When George I died on this day in 1869, he had raised his son and had turned his nursery into a success. He had served as chapelwarden for his church - the church of St. John - for over two decades. He had started serving a few years after losing his wife, Mary, Mrs. George Jackman. The Gardener's chronicle said he died after a gout attack and was by all accounts a "beloved… kind-hearted, genial Christian." It went on to say that his "workmen (several of whom had been [with him] for 20, 30, or 40 years)," followed his coffin to the churchyard for burial. In 1967, the Jackman Nursery was sold by a Jackman descendant, Roland Jackman.   Unearthed Words Simpson, a light sleeper, often dosed during the day and was too alert for sleep at bedtime. On these occasions, when the balmy, humid air equaled body temperature, he would give his household fair warning and stroll nude in his garden. He relished the moonlight glimpsed through a vista to the bay or brushing with silver the feathery leaves of Bamboos and Palms. To walk in one garden at night is to discover a new world; the trees are larger, their forms have changed, and their well-known branches are shapeless blots against the sky. Unexpected noises startle and almost terrify one. The day birds have gone to rest, and a new and different set has taken their place, as if Nature were working her employees in shifts. — Elizabeth Ogren Rothra, Florida’s Pioneer Naturalist: The Life of Charles Torrey Simpson   Grow That Garden Library Desert Gardens of Steve Martino by Caren Yglesias This book came out in 2018. In this book, we get a tour of twenty-one gardens by Steve Martino. Martino’s gardens are works of art that incorporate color, native plants, plants with dramatic shapes, and man-made elements in contrast with the backdrop of the desert. Martino has evolved his signature garden design style to include native plants, and he’s allowed his love of the desert to guide his approach. Over and over again, Martino contrasts man-made pieces with the untamed desert. Martino explains, "Gardens consist of two worlds, the man-made and the natural one. I've described my design style as 'Weeds and Walls' — nature and man. I use native plants to make the transition from a building to the adjacent natural desert." The New York Times Book Review of this book said, “Part of Martino’s trick is setting plants that have few flowers but fabulous shapes against geometric slabs of deeply colored walls. The crimson hues in a Phoenix garden must be as much of a draw for the hummingbirds as the mirrored surface of the water trough. Blue concrete pyramids, magenta poles, yellow awnings, and fiberglass panels — these are all elements in Martino’s playful, imaginative designs." This book is 240 pages of Steve Martino’s inspiring work - a treasure of vivid color, plants, design, and custom structures. You can get a copy of Desert Gardens of Steve Martino by Caren Yglesias and support the show using the Amazon Link in today's Show Notes for around $68   Today’s Botanic Spark Reviving the little botanic spark in your heart February 12, 1724  Today is the birthday of the poet and gardener William Mason. The Reverend William Mason was also a writer, artist, and garden designer. Mason is remembered for creating the romance of the country house garden. Here's how he did it: In 1775 at Nuneham ("NEW-Num"), near Oxford, England, Mason designed a flower garden for his friend Lord Harcourt. This garden was a turning point to many and marked the beginning of what came to be known as romantic flower gardening. What Mason accomplished was a radical change; straight lines in borders and beds were out. Circular beds were in. With new elements in gardens like island beds, the plants were located away from the house. Instead, plantings and beds were situated near outdoor garden buildings like temples, orangeries, or a seating area. The garden at Nuneham became a model for others. Mason's creation set the trend for English gardening, and Mason broadcast his ideas about romantic gardening in a very, very, very long poem called "The English Garden." It was released in chunks over the span of a decade, between 1772 and 1781. Mason's target audience was the wealthy garden owners of his time. He was speaking directly to them when he wrote: "Waste is not grandeur,"  and "A garden is the purest of human pleasures; it is the greatest refreshment to the spirit of man." Mason made many appeals to country estate owners, but his overall message was to throw out formal gardens in favor of romantic landscapes. Now, the word romantic simply means a landscape that is wild or natural. During this time, people referred to these romantic, natural, or wild landscapes as the picturesque garden. Today, gardeners delight in this little verse from Mason's poem. It offers simple, resonate advice from William Mason to you: Take thy plastic spade, It is thy pencil. Take thy seeds, thy plants, They are thy colors.   Thanks for listening to The Daily Gardener. And remember: "For a happy, healthy life, garden every day."

Christian Perrissin et Matthieu Blanchin offrent en bande dessinée, un grand récit historique et épique sur le Commodore George Anson, parti autour du monde à la tête de huit navires et 2 000 hommes, pour imposer la suprématie maritime du Royaume-Uni à la demande du roi George II. Il s’appelait George Anson. Dans l’Angleterre du XVIIIème siècle, on l’a surnommé «Le père de la marine». Il faut dire qu’il a réussi une aventure extraordinaire : commander une expédition destinée à ruiner les colonies espagnoles de la côte pacifique de l’Amérique Latine. Un sacré tour du monde jouant à cache-cache avec l’ennemi, contournant le passage des détroits du Cap Horn et du Cap Noir, domptant la remontée de la côte ouest-américaine avec des raids contre des navires marchands, la prise de la cité péruvienne de Païta et la capture du légendaire Galion d’Or de Manille et la traversée du Pacifique. Puis, de l’océan Indien au Cap de Bonne Espérance avant la remontée de l’Atlantique, quatre ans de péripéties sous la menace de l’ennemi espagnol, des tempêtes et du scorbut, et des centaines de morts à la clé. Voici la matière d’un superbe album pour deux auteurs de bande dessinée, habitués des destins extraordinaires et des aventures épiques : le Christian Perrissin et le dessinateur Matthieu Blanchin. «Le voyage du Commodore Anson» vient de sortir aux éditions Futuropolis.          

Charlotte Ward joins us to talk all about George II's consort and her life from German childhood to Queen of England.

From consumerism and urban growth to becoming the first industrialising nation and permitting a level of free speech and press that would be envied elsewhere in Europe, Hanoverian Britain set trends that others would later follow. Why so? In this podcast, The Critic's political editor, Graham Stewart talks about what made Georgian Britain a trendsetter with Professor Jeremy Black, whose books on the eighteenth century include Walpole in Power, George II: puppet of the politicians?, Pitt the Elder and George III: Madness and Majesty.  -- Right now we're offering 3 months for just £5. Go to thecritic.imbmsubscriptions.com/ for details. — Image: George III, King of Great Britain, c1760 (Photo by Hulton Archive/Getty Images) Music: “Modern Jazz Samba” Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 4.0 License creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Several questions will help us get to know the four King Georges (Kings George?) who ruled Britain from 1714 to 1830.Question 1: How did these guys come to rule England?Answer: Parliament insisted on a Protestant heir, and after the death of Queen Anne it turned out George of Hanover got the job.Question 2: What was George I like as a King of England?Answer: Not good! He preferred Hanover and spoke little English, making him unpopular. His scandalous treatment of his wife didn't help his reputation in England. He had a terrible relationship with his son and heir.Question 3: So was George II any better?Answer: Not really! He had a terrible relationship with his father AND with his son. His son died before he did, so George II left the crown to his grandson.Question 4: What’s the real deal with George III? Answer: Well, he'll never be a hero to Americans, but he was the best of the Georges. Still, many were relieved when he went completely mad and retired from public life.Question 5: Prince Regent? What’s that? Who is the King?Answer: Prince George (yes, another one) ruled in behalf of his father, George III, as Prince Regent. He lived a scandalous life and was obese and sick by the time he finally became King George IV. His only child preceded him in death, so the crown passed to his brother William.And that's the end of the Georgians!

durée : 00:25:07 - Londres octobre 1727 - par : Anne-Charlotte Rémond - Ce n'est pas Maurice Greene, le nouveau maître de la Chapel Royal, qui compose la musique pour le couronnement de George II, mais Handel. Le musicien, très réputé, vient tout juste d'obtenir sa nationalité anglaise, il peut donc donner le lustre nécessaire à cette cérémonie très attendue. - réalisé par : Philippe Petit

To celebrate women's history month, this mini series of talks from our archive explores stories of powerful women and how their legacies have been shaped by their gender. Join Historic Royal Palaces’ Chief Curator, Tracy Borman, as she uncovers the extraordinary life of Henrietta Howard, mistress of George II and servant to Queen Caroline. For more information on the history and stories of our palaces visit: www.hrp.org.uk-history-and-stories

Today we celebrate the Dutch botanist who figured out the king bee was actually a queen and the poet gardener who preferred curves over straight lines. We'll learn about the evolutionist who started out as a staunch Christian and who once wrote, "I did not in the least doubt the strict and literal truth of every word in the Bible." Today's Unearthed Words feature thoughts about February, our shortest month. We Grow That Garden Library™ with a book that is brand new - just released officially today - and it encourages you to grow your fruit and vegetables in pots. I'll talk about a garden item that is just the coolest little gadget for growing seeds. And then we'll wrap things up with the backstory on a Clematis you probably have in your garden, or your neighbor has it - or both. But first, let's catch up on a few recent events.   Subscribe Apple|Google|Spotify|Stitcher|iHeart   Curated Articles How to Eat Edible Flowers | FoodUnfolded How to Eat Edible Flowers? One bite at a time. "Chamomile tastes like apples; Begonia has a sharp citrus flavor, Calendula goes peppery to bitter, Daylilies - a melony, cucumber taste & Nasturtium is sweet and peppery."   Penelope Hobhouse - SGD Awards 2020 Lifetime Achievement Award Winner - YouTube Take a moment & watch this - an EXCELLENT video featuring Penelope Hobhouse - (Society of Garden Designers) SGD Awards 2020 Lifetime Achievement Award Winner She says: "My feelings about good design are, first of all, the skeleton - the architecture. If you get the architecture right, you can fill it in with the plants you love. I was 82 - or something like that - when I came here. I knew it was my last garden. That's really what made me plant this as an architectural garden - with flowers in between green architecture. I only wanted plants I really loved, and that's what I've done. That's what is so lovely is living here - almost as a recluse - getting old. I think I'm very lucky people remember me at all. That's just luck and chance, I think." Sarah Morgan, SGD Chair, said: "Penelope Hobhouse has influenced and inspired garden design for decades. Self-trained in practical horticulture and design, she nevertheless forged a hugely successful career, thanks to her love and knowledge of plants and instinctive design talent." Now, if you'd like to check out these curated articles for yourself, you're in luck, because I share all of it with the Listener Community in the Free Facebook Group - The Daily Gardener Community. There's no need to take notes or search for links - the next time you're on Facebook, search for Daily Gardener Community and request to join. I'd love to meet you in the group.   Important Events 1637Today is the birthday of the Dutch biologist and entomologist Jan Swammerdam (Yahn SWAH-MER-dam). Before Jan's work, people believed that insects created spontaneously. Jan proved that insects were born from eggs laid by the female of the species and that the larva, pupa, and adult, were just different forms of the same species. After Jan dissected a female bee and discovered it had ovaries, he pronounced the head of the colony to be a queen bee "hitherto looked upon as a king." And here was Jan's description of the male bees: "[The hive] tolerates, during summer days of abundance, the embarrassing presence in the hive of three or four hundred males, from whose ranks the queen about to be born shall select her lover; three or four hundred foolish, clumsy, useless, noisy creatures, who are pretentious, gluttonous, dirty, course, totally and scandalously idle, insatiable, and enormous." Jan's description of the hive's survival abilities is still as vibrant and relevant today as it was when he wrote: "Should disaster befall the little Republic; should the hive or the comb collapse; should man prove ignorant or brutal; should they suffer from famine, from cold or disease, and perish by thousands, it will still be almost invariably found that the queen will be safe and alive beneath the corpses of her faithful daughters. For they will protect her and help her escape; their bodies will provide both rampart and shelter; for her will be the last drop of honey, the wholesomest food. Break their comb twenty times in succession, take twenty times from them their young and their food, you still shall never succeed in making them doubt of the future."   1724Today is the birthday of the poet and gardener William Mason. The Reverend William Mason was also a writer, artist, and garden designer. Mason is remembered for creating the romance of the country house garden. Here's how he did it: In 1775 at Nuneham ("NEW-Num"), near Oxford, England, Mason designed a flower garden for his friend Lord Harcourt. To many, this garden was a turning point and marked the beginning of what came to be known as romantic flower gardening. What Mason accomplished was a radical change; straight lines in borders and beds were out. Circular beds were in. With new elements in gardens like island beds, this meant that the plants were located away from the house. Instead, plantings and beds were located near outdoor garden buildings like temples, or orangeries, or a seating area. The garden at Nuneham became a model for others. Mason's creation set the trend for English gardening, and Mason broadcast his ideas about romantic gardening in a very, very long poem called "The English Garden." It was released in chunks over the span of a decade, between 1772 and 1781. Mason's target audience were the wealthy garden owners of his time. He was speaking directly to them when he wrote: "Waste is not grandeur," and "A garden is the purest of human pleasures; it is the greatest refreshment to the spirit of man."   Mason made many appeals to country estate owners, but his broad message was to throw out formal gardens in favor of romantic landscapes. Now, the word romantic simply means a landscape that is wild or natural. During this time, people referred to these romantic, natural, or wild landscapes as the picturesque garden. Today, gardeners delight in this little verse from Mason's poem. It offers simple, resonate advice from William Mason to you: Take thy plastic spade, It is thy pencil. Take thy seeds, thy plants, They are thy colors.   1809Today is the birthday of the English naturalist and writer Charles Robert Darwin. Darwin was born into a large Christian family in Victorian England. His dad was wealthy; he was a doctor and an investor. For generations, Darwin's family were staunch abolitionists. Darwin's mother died when he was just eight years old. Clever and curious, he managed to find solace in learning. When he went to college at Cambridge, he was planning to be a member of the clergy. He wrote, "I did not then in the least doubt, the strict and literal truth of every word in the Bible." But then, Darwin met a man who would become his mentor and friend, John Stevens Henslow. Henslow taught botany at Cambridge, and the two men enjoyed learning from each other as they took walks in the country. Their time together inspired Darwin and helped him to focus on his specialty - the natural world. It also opened the door to a strong wanderlust - a desire to see firsthand what the world had to offer. It was thanks to his friend Henslow that Darwin received an invitation to join Captain Robert FitzRoy on the HMS Beagle. Henslow had written a letter recommending Darwin for the journey, especially endorsing his likable personality. Once Darwin was officially asked to be part of team Beagle, Henslow presented Darwin with a gift - a rare copy of Alexander von Humboldt's travels in South America. In the book, Henslow had inscribed these words: "J. S. Henslow to his friend C. Darwin on his departure from England upon a voyage around the World. 21st Sept. 1831."   Darwin treasured this gift above all others, and at his death, the book was safely brought to Cambridge University Library, where it remains to this day. Darwin's five-year Journey on the HMS Beagle led him to think differently about his faith and his perspective on creation. It was October 2, 1836, before the HMS Beagle returned to England. Often, Darwin is depicted on the Beagle as an old man; but he was just 22 when he sailed away and still a young 27 when he returned with boxes full of specimens and a brain swirling with new ideas. During the revelatory trip on the Beagle, Darwin had found the building blocks to his evolutionary theory in the many fossils and diverse species he discovered on his excursions. In particular, his visit to the Galapagos Islands - which were largely untouched by man; they were pristine - was especially influential. And, although people assume that Darwin had a lightbulb moment during his time on the Beagle, his writing shows that wasn't the case. Darwin's thinking on the topic of creation and evolution matured as he grew older. Bear in mind, his paternal grandfather, Erasmus, had experienced bigtime negative backlash for his own ideas on evolution. This made Darwin cautious, and it raised the stakes for going public with his own radical thoughts. To mitigate the risk, Darwin was methodical, and he worked to make an irrefutable case for evolution. Thus, it would be another 23 years after returning to England Beagle before Darwin was ready to publish his masterpiece: Origin of Species. Now, if you ever get the chance to review the first edition online, you might be surprised to know that the word evolution isn't even mentioned. It wasn't until the 6th edition that the powerful word that became synonymous with Darwin's work was integrated into the text - evolution.   Unearthed Words Here are some thoughts on February - the shortest month of the year:   The February sunshine steeps your boughs and tints the buds and swells the leaves within. — William Cullen Bryant, American Romantic poet   Deep sleeps the winter, Cold, wet, and grey; Surely all the world is dead; Spring is far away. Wait! the world shall waken; It is not dead, for lo, The Fair Maids of February Stand in the snow! — Cicely Mary Barker, English illustrator of fairies and flowers   In tangled wreath, in clustered gleaming stars, In floating, curling sprays, The golden flower comes shining through the woods These February days; Forth go all hearts, all hands, from out the town, To bring her gayly in, This wild, sweet Princess of far Florida - The yellow jessamine. — Constance Fenimore Woolson, American novelist, and poet, (and grand niece of James Fenimore Cooper), Yellow Jessamine    February is merely as long as it is needed to pass the time until March. — Dr. J. R. Stockton, Professor Emeritus of Business Statistics, University of Texas   February, when the days of winter seem endless, and no amount of wistful recollecting can bring back any air of summer. ― Shirley Hardie Jackson, American writer, Raising Demons   February makes a bridge, and March breaks it. — George Herbert, Welsh poet, orator, and priest   Grow That Garden Library Grow Fruit & Vegetables in Pots by Aaron Bertelsen This book is hot off the shelf - brand new - just released today! Aaron Bertelsen is the gardener-cook of England's Great Dixter in East Sussex — where the kitchen garden is a central part of everything he does. In his new cookbook, Aaron shares tips and tricks for potting up vegetables and preparing recipes from Grow Fruit & Vegetables in Pots - his brand new cookbook. This is such a great topic because so many of us have gardens where space is precious and limited. Following Aaron's example, we can expand our garden pots to include plants like blueberries and eggplant. Aaron has spent many seasons at Great Dixter, and for the years, he's refined his list of go-to vegetables and the various fruit specimens that he has learned to grow in containers. Now, he's sharing that advice with all of us so that we can learn what crops will grow best in pots. As a cook, Aaron also gives us his best advice on harvesting and cooking. This cookbook features over 50 wonderful recipes. The photos of these incredible dishes are so inspiring that you'll definitely want to expand what you're growing so that you can try some of Aaron's novel food ideas. Thanks to Aaron, once again, we've learned that space is not an excuse to not garden, and it certainly isn't a barrier to creativity or variety when it comes to what we plant. We just have to think more strategically about our gardens and search more diligently for wonderful examples to follow. Aaron and Great Dixter give us a wonderful blueprint for amping up the productivity in our garden space through the use of pots and the excitement in our own small garden spaces by following Aaron's lead. You can get a brand new copy of Grow Fruit & Vegetables in Pots by Aaron Bertelsen and support the show, using the Amazon Link in today's Show Notes for $39.95.   Great Gifts for Gardeners Esschert Design USA W4008 Secrets du Potager Paper Pot Maker $13.65 Esschert Design says: "Our Secrets du Potager line is for those who are passionate about gardening, cooking, and entertaining and have an eye for detail. This clever tool is used for making seed pots from a newspaper; it's fun. Instead of traditional flower pots made of clay or plastic, you can also use homemade, small paper pots. In no time at all, you will be able to prepare a range of paper pots. When the time comes to plant the young seedlings outside, simply put them together with the paper pot in the ground. The newspaper rots away by itself. This set contains the paper pot press and instructions on how to produce the pots." A clever tool for making seed pots from newspaper Set includes the paper pot press and instructions on how to prepare the pot   Today's Botanic Spark I thought you'd enjoy learning about the family behind the ubiquitous Jackman Clematis - it's the one with the large dark purple flowers with yellow centers. And, just an FYI, you can prune the Jackman back in the fall without hurting next year's bloom - so don't sweat it, you can't hurt it with an end of the season cleanup. 1869Today is the anniversary of the death of the English nurseryman, pomologist, florist, and Clematis hybridizer George Jackman. He died at the age of 68. With multiple George's in the family, this George Jackman was always referred to as George I. Now, George I, and his brother Henry, were born into a nurseryman's family. In 1810, their father, William, founded Jackman Nursery on 150 acres in Woking ("Woe-king"), Surrey. George I and Henry grew up learning the business alongside their dad. By 1830, Willliam had turned the business over to his sons. After a few years, Henry decided he wasn't interested in running the struggling nursery, and he left it for George I. In the fall of 1834, George married Mary Ann Freemont. He was 33 years old. In a little over three years, George II was born. The beginning of the year 1840 was a terrible time in the life of George I. He lost his wife Mary in January and his father, William, in February. In the span of twenty-five days, George I and his 3-year-old son, George II, were alone. Needless to say, the nursery became the center of their world. The start of Clematis hybridizing, began five years before George I's life took such a dramatic turn. In 1835, about 35 miles from the Jackman nursery, London's Pineapple Nursery owned by John Andrew Henderson created the first Clematis hybrid. It was called Clematis Hendersonii - no doubt, George I took notice. When George II was 13 years old, Robert Fortune brought Clematis lanuginosa ("LAN-you-jee-NO-sah") to England. Native to China, the blooms on this Clematis were larger than any ever seen before. If Clematis blossoms were going to get bigger, the lanuginosa was the linchpin. By this point, George I was employing 35 men and six boys at the Jackman Nursery. George II shadowed every aspect of the business, and he grew to be a shrewd owner/operator. As a young man, George II was energized at the thought of clematis hybridizing. When he was just 21 years old, George II crossed Fortune's lanuginosa with Hendersonii along with the climber atrorubens. In less than six months, they had 300 seedlings. and George Jackman II had an instant hit on his hands. The plant was hardy, it quickly produced long-lasting impressive flowers, and the rootstock lasted for many years. The year was 1858, and Clematis Jackmanii (ii = "ee-eye") was born. George II wrote: "Seedlings about 300 — results of hybrids: very robust growers, abundant in flower of rich deep purple and maroon." Clematis jackmanii went on to receive the Award of Garden Merit from The Royal Horticultural Society. And, George II co-authored a book with Thomas Moore, the Secretary of The Royal Horticultural Society, the book called Clematis as a Garden Flower. George II and Thomas Moore dedicated the book to HRH Princess Mary, the Duchess of Teck. The Clematis was one of her favorite flowers. When George I died on this day in 1869, he had raised his son and had turned his nursery into a success. He had served as chapelwarden for his church - the church of St. John - for over two decades. He started serving a few years after losing his wife Mary, Mrs. George Jackman. The Gardener's chronicle said he died after a gout attack and was by all accounts a "beloved… kind-hearted, genial Christian." It went on to say that his "workmen (several of whom had been [with him] for 20, 30, or 40 years)" followed his coffin to the churchyard for burial. In 1967, the Jackman Nursery was sold by a Jackman descendant, Roland Jackman.

Christian IX (8 April 1818 – 29 January 1906) was King of Denmark from 1863 until his death in 1906. From 1863 to 1864, he was concurrently Duke of Schleswig, Holstein and Lauenburg. Growing up as a prince of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, a junior branch of the House of Oldenburg which had ruled Denmark since 1448, Christian was originally not in the immediate line of succession to the Danish throne. However, in 1852, Christian was chosen as heir to the Danish monarchy in light of the expected extinction of the senior line of the House of Oldenburg. Upon the death of King Frederick VII of Denmark in 1863, Christian (who was both Frederick's uncle and cousin) acceded to the throne as the first Danish monarch of the House of Glücksburg.[1] The beginning of his reign was marked by the Danish defeat in the Second Schleswig War and the subsequent loss of the duchies of Schleswig, Holstein and Lauenburg which made the king immensely unpopular. The following years of his reign were dominated by political disputes as Denmark had only become a constitutional monarchy in 1849 and the balance of power between the sovereign and parliament was still in dispute. In spite of his initial unpopularity and the many years of political strife, where the king was in conflict with large parts of the population, his popularity recovered towards the end of his reign, and he became a national icon due to the length of his reign and the high standards of personal morality with which he was identified. Christian married his second cousin, Princess Louise of Hesse-Kassel, in 1842. Their six children married into other royal families across Europe, earning him the sobriquet "the father-in-law of Europe". Among his descendants are Margrethe II of Denmark, Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom, Philippe of Belgium, Harald V of Norway, Felipe VI of Spain, Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg, Constantine II of Greece, Queen Anne-Marie of Greece, Queen Sofia of Spain and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. Christian was born on 8 April 1818 at Gottorf Castle near the town of Schleswig in the Duchy of Schleswig as Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck, the fourth son of Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck, and Princess Louise Caroline of Hesse-Kassel. He was named after Prince Christian of Denmark, the later King Christian VIII, who was also his godfather.[3] Christian's father was the head of the ducal house of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck, a junior male branch of the House of Oldenburg. Through his father, Christian was thus a direct male-line descendant of King Christian III of Denmark and an (albeit junior) agnatic descendant of Helvig of Schauenburg (countess of Oldenburg), mother of King Christian I of Denmark, who was the "Semi-Salic" heiress of her brother Adolf of Schauenburg, last Schauenburg duke of Schleswig and count of Holstein. As such, Christian was eligible to succeed in the twin duchies of Schleswig-Holstein, but not first in line. Christian's mother was a daughter of Landgrave Charles of Hesse, a Danish Field Marshal and Royal Governor of the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein, and his wife Princess Louise of Denmark, a daughter of Frederick V of Denmark. Through his mother, Christian was thus a great-grandson of Frederick V, great-great-grandson of George II of Great Britain and a descendant of several other monarchs, but had no direct claim to any European throne. --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/thehistoryexpress/support

Christian IX (8 April 1818 – 29 January 1906) was King of Denmark from 1863 until his death in 1906. From 1863 to 1864, he was concurrently Duke of Schleswig, Holstein and Lauenburg. Growing up as a prince of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, a junior branch of the House of Oldenburg which had ruled Denmark since 1448, Christian was originally not in the immediate line of succession to the Danish throne. However, in 1852, Christian was chosen as heir to the Danish monarchy in light of the expected extinction of the senior line of the House of Oldenburg. Upon the death of King Frederick VII of Denmark in 1863, Christian (who was both Frederick's uncle and cousin) acceded to the throne as the first Danish monarch of the House of Glücksburg.[1] The beginning of his reign was marked by the Danish defeat in the Second Schleswig War and the subsequent loss of the duchies of Schleswig, Holstein and Lauenburg which made the king immensely unpopular. The following years of his reign were dominated by political disputes as Denmark had only become a constitutional monarchy in 1849 and the balance of power between the sovereign and parliament was still in dispute. In spite of his initial unpopularity and the many years of political strife, where the king was in conflict with large parts of the population, his popularity recovered towards the end of his reign, and he became a national icon due to the length of his reign and the high standards of personal morality with which he was identified. Christian married his second cousin, Princess Louise of Hesse-Kassel, in 1842. Their six children married into other royal families across Europe, earning him the sobriquet "the father-in-law of Europe". Among his descendants are Margrethe II of Denmark, Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom, Philippe of Belgium, Harald V of Norway, Felipe VI of Spain, Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg, Constantine II of Greece, Queen Anne-Marie of Greece, Queen Sofia of Spain and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. Christian was born on 8 April 1818 at Gottorf Castle near the town of Schleswig in the Duchy of Schleswig as Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck, the fourth son of Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck, and Princess Louise Caroline of Hesse-Kassel. He was named after Prince Christian of Denmark, the later King Christian VIII, who was also his godfather.[3] Christian's father was the head of the ducal house of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck, a junior male branch of the House of Oldenburg. Through his father, Christian was thus a direct male-line descendant of King Christian III of Denmark and an (albeit junior) agnatic descendant of Helvig of Schauenburg (countess of Oldenburg), mother of King Christian I of Denmark, who was the "Semi-Salic" heiress of her brother Adolf of Schauenburg, last Schauenburg duke of Schleswig and count of Holstein. As such, Christian was eligible to succeed in the twin duchies of Schleswig-Holstein, but not first in line. Christian's mother was a daughter of Landgrave Charles of Hesse, a Danish Field Marshal and Royal Governor of the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein, and his wife Princess Louise of Denmark, a daughter of Frederick V of Denmark. Through his mother, Christian was thus a great-grandson of Frederick V, great-great-grandson of George II of Great Britain and a descendant of several other monarchs, but had no direct claim to any European throne. --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/thehistoryexpress/support

Christian IX (8 April 1818 – 29 January 1906) was King of Denmark from 1863 until his death in 1906. From 1863 to 1864, he was concurrently Duke of Schleswig, Holstein and Lauenburg. Growing up as a prince of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, a junior branch of the House of Oldenburg which had ruled Denmark since 1448, Christian was originally not in the immediate line of succession to the Danish throne. However, in 1852, Christian was chosen as heir to the Danish monarchy in light of the expected extinction of the senior line of the House of Oldenburg. Upon the death of King Frederick VII of Denmark in 1863, Christian (who was both Frederick's uncle and cousin) acceded to the throne as the first Danish monarch of the House of Glücksburg.[1] The beginning of his reign was marked by the Danish defeat in the Second Schleswig War and the subsequent loss of the duchies of Schleswig, Holstein and Lauenburg which made the king immensely unpopular. The following years of his reign were dominated by political disputes as Denmark had only become a constitutional monarchy in 1849 and the balance of power between the sovereign and parliament was still in dispute. In spite of his initial unpopularity and the many years of political strife, where the king was in conflict with large parts of the population, his popularity recovered towards the end of his reign, and he became a national icon due to the length of his reign and the high standards of personal morality with which he was identified. Christian married his second cousin, Princess Louise of Hesse-Kassel, in 1842. Their six children married into other royal families across Europe, earning him the sobriquet "the father-in-law of Europe". Among his descendants are Margrethe II of Denmark, Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom, Philippe of Belgium, Harald V of Norway, Felipe VI of Spain, Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg, Constantine II of Greece, Queen Anne-Marie of Greece, Queen Sofia of Spain and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. Christian was born on 8 April 1818 at Gottorf Castle near the town of Schleswig in the Duchy of Schleswig as Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck, the fourth son of Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck, and Princess Louise Caroline of Hesse-Kassel. He was named after Prince Christian of Denmark, the later King Christian VIII, who was also his godfather.[3] Christian's father was the head of the ducal house of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck, a junior male branch of the House of Oldenburg. Through his father, Christian was thus a direct male-line descendant of King Christian III of Denmark and an (albeit junior) agnatic descendant of Helvig of Schauenburg (countess of Oldenburg), mother of King Christian I of Denmark, who was the "Semi-Salic" heiress of her brother Adolf of Schauenburg, last Schauenburg duke of Schleswig and count of Holstein. As such, Christian was eligible to succeed in the twin duchies of Schleswig-Holstein, but not first in line. Christian's mother was a daughter of Landgrave Charles of Hesse, a Danish Field Marshal and Royal Governor of the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein, and his wife Princess Louise of Denmark, a daughter of Frederick V of Denmark. Through his mother, Christian was thus a great-grandson of Frederick V, great-great-grandson of George II of Great Britain and a descendant of several other monarchs, but had no direct claim to any European throne. --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/thehistoryexpress/support

Christian IX (8 April 1818 – 29 January 1906) was King of Denmark from 1863 until his death in 1906. From 1863 to 1864, he was concurrently Duke of Schleswig, Holstein and Lauenburg. Growing up as a prince of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, a junior branch of the House of Oldenburg which had ruled Denmark since 1448, Christian was originally not in the immediate line of succession to the Danish throne. However, in 1852, Christian was chosen as heir to the Danish monarchy in light of the expected extinction of the senior line of the House of Oldenburg. Upon the death of King Frederick VII of Denmark in 1863, Christian (who was both Frederick's uncle and cousin) acceded to the throne as the first Danish monarch of the House of Glücksburg.[1] The beginning of his reign was marked by the Danish defeat in the Second Schleswig War and the subsequent loss of the duchies of Schleswig, Holstein and Lauenburg which made the king immensely unpopular. The following years of his reign were dominated by political disputes as Denmark had only become a constitutional monarchy in 1849 and the balance of power between the sovereign and parliament was still in dispute. In spite of his initial unpopularity and the many years of political strife, where the king was in conflict with large parts of the population, his popularity recovered towards the end of his reign, and he became a national icon due to the length of his reign and the high standards of personal morality with which he was identified. Christian married his second cousin, Princess Louise of Hesse-Kassel, in 1842. Their six children married into other royal families across Europe, earning him the sobriquet "the father-in-law of Europe". Among his descendants are Margrethe II of Denmark, Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom, Philippe of Belgium, Harald V of Norway, Felipe VI of Spain, Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg, Constantine II of Greece, Queen Anne-Marie of Greece, Queen Sofia of Spain and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. Christian was born on 8 April 1818 at Gottorf Castle near the town of Schleswig in the Duchy of Schleswig as Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck, the fourth son of Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck, and Princess Louise Caroline of Hesse-Kassel. He was named after Prince Christian of Denmark, the later King Christian VIII, who was also his godfather.[3] Christian's father was the head of the ducal house of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck, a junior male branch of the House of Oldenburg. Through his father, Christian was thus a direct male-line descendant of King Christian III of Denmark and an (albeit junior) agnatic descendant of Helvig of Schauenburg (countess of Oldenburg), mother of King Christian I of Denmark, who was the "Semi-Salic" heiress of her brother Adolf of Schauenburg, last Schauenburg duke of Schleswig and count of Holstein. As such, Christian was eligible to succeed in the twin duchies of Schleswig-Holstein, but not first in line. Christian's mother was a daughter of Landgrave Charles of Hesse, a Danish Field Marshal and Royal Governor of the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein, and his wife Princess Louise of Denmark, a daughter of Frederick V of Denmark. Through his mother, Christian was thus a great-grandson of Frederick V, great-great-grandson of George II of Great Britain and a descendant of several other monarchs, but had no direct claim to any European throne. --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/thehistoryexpress/support

The Greek royal family (Greek: Ελληνική Βασιλική Οικογένεια) is a branch of the House of Glücksburg that reigned in Greece from 1863 to 1924 and again from 1935 to 1973. Its first monarch was George I, the second son of King Christian IX of Denmark. He and his successors styled themselves "Kings of the Hellenes". After the overthrow in 1862 of the first king of the independent Greek state, Otto of Bavaria, a plebiscite in Greece was initiated on 19 November 1862, with the results announced in February the following year, in support of adopting Prince Alfred of the United Kingdom, later Duke of Edinburgh, to reign as king of the country. The candidacy of Prince Alfred was rejected by the Great Powers. The London Conference of 1832 had prohibited any of the Great Powers' ruling families from accepting the crown of Greece, while Queen Victoria was opposed to such a prospect. A search for other candidates ensued, and eventually, Prince William of Denmark, of the Danish Glücksburg Dynasty, the second son of King Christian IX and younger brother of the new Princess of Wales, was appointed king. The Greek Parliament unanimously approved on 18 March 1863 the ascension to the Greek throne of the prince, then aged 17, as King of the Hellenes under the regnal name of George I. George arrived in Greece in October 1863. George I married Grand Duchess Olga Constaninovna of Russia, and they had seven surviving children. After a reign of almost fifty years, George I was succeeded by his eldest son, Constantine I, who had married, in 1913, Princess Sophia of Prussia, a granddaughter of Queen Victoria and sister of Kaiser Wilhelm II. In turn, all three of Constantine's sons, George II, Alexander and Paul, would occupy the throne. The dynasty reigned in Greece during the Balkan Wars, World War I, World War II (during which Greece experienced occupation by the Axis), the Greek Civil War, and the Greek military junta of 1967–1974. Following the National Schism during World War I and the subsequent Asia Minor Disaster, the monarchy was deposed in March 1924 and replaced by the Second Hellenic Republic. Between 1924 and 1935 there were in Greece twenty-three changes of government, a dictatorship, and thirteen coups d'etat. In October 1935, General Georgios Kondylis, a former Venizelist, overthrew the government and arranged for a plebiscite to end the republic. On 3 November 1935, the official tally showed that 98% of the votes supported the restoration of the monarchy. The balloting was not secret, and participation was compulsory. As Time described it at the time, "As a voter, one could drop into the ballot box a blue vote for George II and please General George Kondylis, or one could cast a red ballot for the Republic and get roughed up." George II returned to the Greek throne on 25 November 1935. On 4 August 1936, the King endorsed the establishment of a dictatorship led by veteran army officer Ioannis Metaxas, signing decrees that dissolved the parliament, banned political parties, abolished the constitution, and purported to create the "Third Hellenic Civilization." An Index of banned books during that period included the works of Plato. George II followed the Greek government in exile after the German invasion of Greece in 1941 and returned to the throne in 1946, after a referendum that resulted in the restoration of constitutional monarchy. He died in 1947 and was succeeded by his brother Paul. The new King reigned from the time of Greek civil war until his death in 1964, and was succeeded by his son, Constantine II. --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/thehistoryexpress/support

The Georgian era was marked by the arrival of the Hanoverian Kings. This series complied from our archive explores famous Georgians in all their glory. Join Historic Royal Palaces’ Chief Curator Lucy Worsley as she tells us about her favourite Queen – Caroline – wife of George II, and enlightened leader of the Georgian court. This talk was recorded live in 2017 at Hillsborough Court House, Northern Ireland.  For more information on the history and stories of our palaces visit: www.hrp.org.uk/history-and-stories 

The Georgian era was marked by the arrival of the Hanoverian Kings.  This series complied from our archive explores famous Georgians in all their glory. In this talk we hear about Lord Hervey; a Georgian courtier and politician who offers us an insight into the gossipy court of George II and Queen Caroline. This talk was recorded live at Hampton Court Palace in 2016. For more information on the history and stories of our palaces visit: www.hrp.org.uk/history-and-stories  

Greg Funfgeld, Artistic Director & Conductor of the Bach Choir of Bethlehem, speaking about the 2019-2020 season and the upcoming gala, "The Coronation of George II" featuring the Theatre of Early Music on October 26 at St. John's Lutheran Church in Allentown at 3:00 with a dinner to follow at the Lehigh Country Club at 5:00 pm. www.bach.org

This week we catch up with Frederick across 1759 and 1760 before covering the death of George II and bringing Lord Bute to the stage.

Join me on a factory tour around the Her Majesty The Queen's button maker.   Established in 1655, Firmin & Sons are the oldest, privately-owned manufacturing company in the UK.   At their prestigious metalworks in Birmingham they make not only buttons, but also ceremonial armour, helmets and other accoutrements.   Firmin & Sons' sales manager, Tony Kelly, takes us on a tour to discover the rich heritage of a manufacturing firm that has held a Royal Warrant since the reign of George II.   Discover: The history behind the UK's oldest, privately-owned manufacturer How a Royal Warrant is awarded What it takes to make a 364 year old company relevant for today How Firmin & Sons is putting sustainability at the forefront of its manufacturing processes    More about Firmin & Sons     Show notes, including photos and videos from the factory tour, can be found at makeitbritish.co.uk/077     Subscribe to this podcast – and support UK manufacturing!  More Make it British Website: makeitbritish.co.uk Linkedin: linkedin.com/in/katehills Instagram: @makeitbritish Twitter: @makeitbritish    

Here we go with another episode from Nerds Amalgamated. This week is packed full of fun stuff to look forward to. First up is it a robot or is it a dog? It is Boston Dynamics student competitors with Standford Doggo. This fabulous little robot is awesome and does tricks, listen in to find out what they are. Also did you want your very own robot doggo? Well you are in luck as we tell you about how to get one. Also check our website for the show notes with hyperlinks, you need the article to get what you need. Next up we have DJ telling us about a proposed new series coming out based on a movie. Yep, another movie is being adapted for your viewing pleasure. It will once again not have the same actors in it that were the main stars in the movie, like so many others out there. But hopefully it will be enjoyable all the same. We won’t hold our breathe but surely they will have learned something over there by now… Who the heck are we kidding, those idiots never listen to anyone else, let alone the proposed viewing public. Next up we look at the blooper that is worthy of a standing ovation. Someone involved with the release of a game from Bethesda studios forgot the DRM. We know, how unlike Bethesda to stuff up something right? BWAHAHA!!! This amazing bit of luck is available on Steam and quite probably numerous other websites that deal in nefarious shadowy dealings. We personally are unaware of the names of such sites and therefore are unable to confirm or deny such suggestions. But come on, just think about it, a brand new game released without the DRM and no one is going to chase that down the rabbit hole of pirating it? Yeah, like Game of Thrones was never pirated ever. We have the usual shout outs, remembrances, birthdays and events from history. Plus games we are playing at the moment. All combined into one big mess that we call the show. We hope you enjoy and as always, stay safe, look after each other and stay hydrated.EPISODE NOTES: Back flipping robot - https://www.futurity.org/doggo-robot-2067152/True Lies TV series reboot - https://www.empireonline.com/movies/news/true-lies-tv-adaptation-heading-disney/DRM - https://steamcommunity.com/games/548570/announcements/detail/2565275416672419265Games currently playingBuck – The Crew 2 - https://store.steampowered.com/app/646910/The_Crew_2/Professor – Cataclysm: Dark Days Ahead - https://cataclysmdda.org/DJ – Steep - https://store.steampowered.com/app/460920/Steep/(edited)Other topics discussedHold my Beer Comedy- http://westender.com.au/circus-coming-hold-beer-end-westend/Flipsy the dog (Simpsons reference)- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L_nGJvqHcV8LEGO Mindstorms- https://www.lego.com/en-us/mindstormsHulu might take Marvel shows such as Daredevil - https://www.cinemablend.com/television/2466812/hulu-is-down-to-revive-daredevil-and-other-cancelled-marvel-tv-showsDenuvo - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denuvo- https://www.howtogeek.com/400126/what-is-denuvo-and-why-do-gamers-hate-it/Red Bull Air Championships- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Bull_Air_Race_World_Championship6ix9ine (rapper)- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/6ix9ineCutscene saga (That’s Not Canon Production Podcast)- https://thatsnotcanon.com/cutscenesagapodcastShoutouts20 May 1736 - Westminster Bridge Defies a King and the Church - The Archbishop of Canterbury – head of the Church in England – probably prayed there would never be a bridge across the River Thames at Westminster. But he was not alone. Up to the end of the 17th Century most traffic moved up and down on the river rather than by road. River transport was big business and the men who plied their trade on boats and ferries had a lot to lose from the construction of new bridges. They were backed by the Corporation of London which did not want trade moving to the fringes of London, but claimed its main objections were the loss of custom to the watermen and to the City markets and the danger of the navigation of the river being impeded. One of the claims was that if the watermen lost their jobs there would be fewer readily available seamen for the navy if England went to war. The arguments raged on until in 1664 a major proposal for a bridge was made to the King's Privy Council and to the Lord Mayor. City businesses then played their ace card and bribed King Charles II to scrap the proposal. Officially, it was an interest-free loan, but however the transaction was described the effect was that the building of Westminster Bridge would not take place for nearly 100 years. However, over time various people continued to press for such a bridge until in 1721 petitions went to Parliament. There was the same opposition as before but in the end the case was won and permission to build the bridge finally received Royal Approval on 20 May 1736, when George II was on the throne. Work began in 1738 and the bridge was opened on 18 November 1750. - https://www.onthisday.com/articles/westminster-bridge-defies-a-king-and-the-church21 May 1792 - Mount Unzen on Japan's Shimabara Peninsula, erupts creating a tsunami, killing about 15,000; Japan's deadliest volcanic eruption. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1792_Unzen_earthquake_and_tsunami21 May 1980 - "Star Wars Episode V - Empire Strikes Back", produced by George Lucas opens in cinemas in UK and North America -https://www.onthisday.com/people/george-lucas 21 May 2004 - Stanislav Petrov awarded World Citizen Award for averting a potential nuclear war in 1983 after correctly guessing Russian early warning system at fault - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanislav_Petrov22 May 2019 - Illawarra scientist and inventor Macinley Butson has been featured by the world's biggest video sharing website YouTube for her SMART Armour copper cancer shield fabric. Macinley Butson's SMART (Scale Maille Armour for Radiation Therapy) invention is a device that shields the contralateral breast (the breast not being treated) from excess radiation. As well as being made from high density copper, the shields are handmade. - https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-05-22/youtube-profiles-teenage-scientist-macinley-butson/11134004Remembrances20 May 2019 – Nikki Lauda, Austrian Formula One driver, a three-time F1 World Drivers' Champion, winning in 1975, 1977 and 1984, and an aviation entrepreneur. He was the only driver in F1 history to have been champion for both Ferrari and McLaren, the sport's two most successful constructors. He is widely considered one of the greatest F1 drivers of all time. As an aviation entrepreneur, he founded and ran three airlines: Lauda Air, Niki, and Lauda. He was a Bombardier Business Aircraft brand ambassador. He was also a consultant for Scuderia Ferrari and team manager of the Jaguar Formula One racing team for two years. Afterwards, he worked as a pundit for German TV during Grand Prix weekends and acted as non-executive chairman of Mercedes-AMG Petronas Motorsport, of which Lauda owned 10%. Having emerged as Formula One's star driver amid a 1975 title win and leading the 1976 championship battle, Lauda was seriously injured in a crash at the 1976 German Grand Prix at the Nürburgring during which his Ferrari 312T2 burst into flames, and he came close to death after inhaling hot toxic fumes and suffering severe burns. However, he survived and recovered sufficiently to race again just six weeks later at the Italian Grand Prix. Although he narrowly lost the title to James Hunt that year, he won his second Ferrari crown the year after during his final season at the team. After a couple of years at Brabham and two years' hiatus, Lauda returned and raced four seasons for McLaren between 1982 and 1985 – during which he won the 1984 title by 0.5 points over his teammate Alain Prost. He died of natural causes at 70 in Zurich. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niki_Lauda21 May 1935 - Jane Addams, known as the mother of social work, a pioneer American settlement activist/reformer, social worker, public philosopher, sociologist, public administrator, protester, author, and leader in women's suffrage and world peace. She co-founded Chicago's Hull House, one of America's most famous settlement houses. In 1920, she was a co-founder for the ACLU. In 1931, she became the first American woman to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize and is recognized as the founder of the social work profession in the United States. She is increasingly being recognized as a member of the American pragmatist school of philosophy and is known by many as the first woman "public philosopher in the history of the United States". In the Progressive Era, when presidents such as Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson identified themselves as reformers and social activists, Addams was one of the most prominent reformers. She helped America address and focus on issues that were of concern to mothers, such as the needs of children, local public health, and world peace. In her essay "Utilization of Women in City Government," Addams noted the connection between the workings of government and the household, stating that many departments of government, such as sanitation and the schooling of children, could be traced back to traditional women's roles in the private sphere. Thus, these were matters of which women would have more knowledge than men, so women needed the vote to best voice their opinions. She said that if women were to be responsible for cleaning up their communities and making them better places to live, they needed to be able to vote to do so effectively. Addams became a role model for middle-class women who volunteered to uplift their communities. She died of cancer at 74 in Chicago, Illinois. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane_Addams - https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1931/addams/biographical/23 May 1701 - William Kidd, Scottish sailor who was tried and executed for piracy after returning from a voyage to the Indian Ocean. Some modern historians, for example Sir Cornelius Neale Dalton, deem his piratical reputation unjust. He was hanged for his crimes at 47 in Execution Dock,Wapping, London. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_KiddFamous birthdays21 May 1948 – Leo Sayer, English-Australian singer-songwriter musician and entertainer whose singing career has spanned four decades. He is now an Australian citizen and resident. Sayer launched his career in the United Kingdom in the early 1970s, and became a top singles and album act on both sides of the Atlantic in the 1970s. His first seven hit singles in the United Kingdom all reached the Top 10 – a feat first registered by his first manager, Adam Faith. His songs have been sung by other notable artists, including Cliff Richard ("Dreaming"). He was born in Shoreham-by-Sea, Sussex - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Sayer21 May 1960 - Jeffrey Dahmer, also known as the Milwaukee Cannibal or the Milwaukee Monster, was an American serial killer and sex offender. Although he was diagnosed with borderline personality disorder,schizotypal personality disorder, and a psychotic disorder, Dahmer was found to be legally sane at his trial. He was convicted of 15 of the 16 murders he had committed in Wisconsin, and was sentenced to 15 terms of life imprisonment on February 15, 1992. He was later sentenced to a 16th term of life imprisonment for an additional homicide committed in Ohio in 1978. On November 28, 1994, Dahmer was beaten to death by Christopher Scarver, a fellow inmate at the Columbia Correctional Institution. He was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffrey_Dahmer22 May 1905 - Bodo von Borries, Germanphysicist. He was the co-inventor of the electron microscope. After World War II , he founded the "Rhine-Westphalia Institute for Electron Microscopy" in Düsseldorf in 1948. In 1949, he was involved in the foundation of the German Society for Electron Microscopy. He was born in Herford,North Rhine-Westphalia - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodo_von_BorriesEvents of Interest21 May 1881 - American Red Cross founded by Clara Barton, an organization established to provide humanitarian aid to victims of wars and natural disasters in congruence with the International Red Cross. - https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/american-red-cross-founded21 May 1927 - Aviator Charles Lindbergh, in the Spirit of St Louis, lands in Paris after the first solo air crossing of Atlantic. - https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/lindbergh-lands-in-paris21 May 1932 - After flying for 17 hours from Newfoundland, Amelia Earhart lands near Londonderry, Northern Ireland, becoming the 1st transatlantic solo flight by a woman - https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/earhart-completes-transatlantic-flight22 May 1906 – The Wright brothers are granted U.S. patent number 821,393 for their "Flying-Machine". - Patent - http://invention.psychology.msstate.edu/i/Wrights/WrightUSPatent/WrightPatent.html - https://patents.google.com/patent/US821393A/en- Patent War - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wright_brothers_patent_war IntroArtist – Goblins from MarsSong Title – Super Mario - Overworld Theme (GFM Trap Remix)Song Link - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-GNMe6kF0j0&index=4&list=PLHmTsVREU3Ar1AJWkimkl6Pux3R5PB-QJFollow us on Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/NerdsAmalgamated/Email - Nerds.Amalgamated@gmail.comTwitter - https://twitter.com/NAmalgamatedSpotify - https://open.spotify.com/show/6Nux69rftdBeeEXwD8GXrSiTunes - https://itunes.apple.com/au/podcast/top-shelf-nerds/id1347661094RSS - http://www.thatsnotcanonproductions.com/topshelfnerdspodcast?format=rss

Fine Music Radio — George II. ARTIST: Zadok the Priest. ARTIST: Robert King with the King’s Consort. PUBLISHER: Hyperion 1997

After Dunstable Town’s exit from the FA Cup, we had a free Saturday, so met up for a few ales and a short train ride to Bedford to see the Doors Alive www.thedoorsalive.co.uk A busy King’s Arms was our starting point whatpub.com/pubs/BES/220/kings-arms-houghton-regis, before we boarded the busway to Luton and popped in the George II, whatpub.com/pubs/BES/315/george-ii-luton, close to Luton railway station. Once in Bedford, we were drawn into The Ship whatpub.com/pubs/BEN/89/ship-bedford before arriving at Esquires www.bedfordesquires.co.uk for what was an amazing show from Doors Alive. We were fortunate to hear that Dog Day Afternoon www.facebook.com/DogDayBand were running late, when we got off the train at Luton, so were treated to a second band and a very enjoyable day out. Opening track: "The Heist" by The Kubricks www.thekubricks.com Contact us via Twitter: @StGeorgesBlues1 or email: stgeorgesbluesexperience@gmail.com

Even though it was a home game, we had plans to visit a few pubs, quaff a few ales and go and see a band in Luton that evening. The game its self was a great match with plenty of goals, a red card and a penalty. Both teams contributed to a brilliant game of football. After the match, with the Vicar of Dribley as our designated driver, we visited the Wetherspoon’s Gary Cooper’s, The King’s Arms in Houghton Regis and then on to the George II in Luton to watch The Von Trapps. www.facebook.com/groups/5721657742 A fun loving four piece, The Von Trapps are a loud rock and punk covers band, who fully expect audience participation. Unfortunately, having got the settings sorted on the recording equipment, we only managed to capture about 30 seconds of the band, so we will have to try again next time the boys are in town. Opening track: "Total Football" by Parquet Courts https://parquetcourts.wordpress.com Closing track: “Janey” by The Cavemen www.dirtywaterrecords.co.uk/cavemen Contact us via Twitter: @StGeorgesBlues1 or email: stgeorgesbluesexperience@gmail.com

Classicos IPB #101 destacando a obra, "Music for Queen Caroline", escrita por George Frideric Handel, no ano 1737, em homenagem a princesa Charlotte Caroline, esposa do rei George II da Inglaterra. Orquestra e coro, "Les Arts Florissants". Regencia, William Christie. ​Apresentacão, Natsan Matias. Produção, Artur Mendes.

Prime Ministers didn’t last long as one administration quickly gave way to another. Since the Ministry of Henry Pelham ended under the reign of George II in 1754, Great Britain had seen seven men, and eight administrations holding office for no more than two to three years apiece. That was until the rise of Frederick North as he ascended to the First Ministry For twelve years, twelve long years, with the full support and consent of George III, he would preside over the most powerful Empire of the world. Yet there was little doubt that time had taken its toll, aging the 49 year old perhaps the full measure of a lifetime in little over a decade. Even before his rise the American situation was beginning to steam. Within his first three month in office it would boil over. Within 6 years protests had turn to violence, violence to open defiance, and defiance to revolution as the American colonies asserted their Independence from the Court of Saint James. Perhaps, at times, he knew he was in over his head. Even as he declared the colonies in a state of rebellion in 1775, following Bunker Hill, he had sought to resign in favor of a Prime Minister who perhaps more experience in handling these affairs. In 1776, following the Battle of Saratoga, he would once more attempt to offer his resignation. The next year, as France entered the war, he would try again. In fact, on numerous occasions he had sought to set aside his own ambition, and alleviate his burden for someone he believed more apt and able, and each time the George III refused. Yet, resignation would come. It just not in the form that he had perhaps hoped as he was marked as the man who lost the war. By February 27th, 1782, it would become clear that the end was now near for not only Lord North but also the Revolution that had come to define so much of his administration. Even as word of the fall of Yorktown reached him, he would confide in his diary, “Oh God! It's all over.” Now General Henry Seymour Conway was rising to the floor of the House of Commons. Despite his majority in Parliament, the hold that Lord North had was beginning to crack as defections from his Tory’s strengthened the Whig Opposition. Five days earlier Conway had tried to end the War. He would fail by one vote. Now, with his resolution reworked, and reworded, 234 would vote for it, 215 would vote against. With a 19 vote majority a motion would pass to recognize America’s Independence and begin the peace process.  Deserted, abandoned by many in his party, not just those who voted for the measure, but also by those who chose rather to be absent than vote for or against, it would be only the second time in the history of the Westminster System that a government had lost a vote of no-confidence. A few days later the papers would declare, “In consequence of this important decision, the nation are at last within the prospect of enjoying the blessings of a Peace with America.“ Having faced not just the American Revolution, but the Falkland Crisis against Spain, the Gordon Riots in Ireland, the potential invasion of the Isle of Wight and Portsmouth, and the prospect of losing Gibraltar, North couldn’t hold on anymore, nor lead the pro-War cause. But then it wasn’t as if he wished to either. Within the next few weeks he would tender his resignation to George III. It would, despite it all, be with hesitation and reluctance that the King would accept. The Marques of Rockingham, after almost 16 years out of power, would be asked to lead despite the disdain the monarch felt towards him. Within less than half a year though Rockingham would be dead at age 52 from the flu. Despite the instability that would arise from the three Whig Prime Ministers who would take to the office between the resignation of Lord North and the rise of William Pitt the Younger in 1783, peace for the former American colonies would be secured at the Treaty of Paris, the lasting legacy of the almost ten months that William Petty, the Earl of Shelburne, spent as Prime Minister.

Cette émission raconte une période de 2 ans où les écossais étaient divisés entre le roi en place, George II, anglais, protestant et descendant des Hanovre, et Charles Edward Stuart, catholique, descendant de James VII, considéré comme le légitime héritier au trône. Les Jacobites plaçaient en lui l’espoir d’une Écosse et d’une Angleterre réunifiées. Mais pour y parvenir, il fallait faire tomber George II, lever une armée, et mettre Bonnie Prince Charles (le petit nom que lui donnaient les Écossais) à sa place. Les Jacobites, ce sont les partisans de Charles Edward Stuart, et cette émission est en lien direct avec la série Outlander, qui se déroule à cette époque-là…

Le feu d’artifice d’Händel Nous sommes en 1749. Le Roi d’Angleterre, George II, veut célébrer le traité de Paix d’Aix-La-Chapelle signé un an plus tôt. Il souhaite organiser un véritable spectacle son et lumière à Londres au bord de la Tamise. Pour la musique, il fait appel à Georg Friedrich Händel. Cela fait de nombreuses […] Cet article #91 – 5 anecdotes sur la musique classique est apparu en premier sur Batooba Culture Générale.

This week we conclude Harry Lime.  We'll hear the episode Greek Meets Greek and then it'll be done.  We then move to This Sceptred Isle and learn about India and the death of George II from Feb 13 of 1996.  We'll also have the second episode of A Small town in Germany from August 29 of 1982 and we'll conclude with the second Chapter of The Secret Adversary.  EnjoyEmail us at brunch@london.comcatch us here at radiooutofthepast.organd in itunes at http://bwtbrits.libsyn.comand at The Radio Entertainment Network.Matt Cox HostMaria Castaneda ProducerWat to vote for the new brunch logo?Go to facebook and join the group.

This week on Brunch Harry Lime is in Austria as he joins the circus.  From April 25 of 1952.  Meanwhile we'll get to know Turnip Townsend and more about Wallpole as George II takes the throne in Sceptred Isle.  We then listen to Dad's Army and War Dance.  Captain Mannering decides the platoon needs a little fun for morale and Pike is engaged.  Or is he?  And at school thegreat picnic has begun in Mike as read by John Lingard and written by PG Woodhouse.  Listen to Brunch at http://bwtb.libsyn.net and t http://www.radiooutofthepast.org You can also catch the show Sunday nights at ren.orgEmail us at brunch@london.comFollow the show on facebook and twitter.  and as always enjoy.

George Frideric HANDEL 1685-1759Our version ofAllemande in Am (HWV 478)George Frideric HANDEL 1685-1759© 2012 Shiloh Worship Music COPY FREELY;This Recording is copyrighted to prevent misuse, however,permission is granted for non-commercial copying-Radio play permitted. Www.ShilohWorshipMusic.com Georg Friedrich Händel (1685-1759)George Frideric Handel(from Wikipedia) George Frideric Handel, born in the same year as Johann Sebastian Bach and Domenico Scarlatti. By Thomas Hudson (1749)George Frideric Handel SignatureGeorge Frideric Handel (German: Georg Friedrich Händel; pronounced [ˈhɛndəl]) (23 February 1685 – 14 April 1759) was a German-British Baroque composer, famous for his operas, oratorios, anthems and organ concertos. Handel was born in 1685, in a family indifferent to music. He received critical musical training in Halle, Hamburg and Italy before settling in London (1712) and becoming a naturalised British subject in 1727.[1] By then he was strongly influenced by the great composers of the Italian Baroque and the middle-German polyphonic choral tradition.Within fifteen years, Handel, a dramatic genius, started three commercial opera companies to supply the English nobility with Italian opera, but the public came to hear the vocal bravura of the soloists rather than the music. In 1737 he had a physical breakdown, changed direction creatively and addressed the middle class. As Alexander's Feast (1736) was well received, Handel made a transition to English choral works. After his success with Messiah (1742) he never performed an Italian opera again. Handel was only partly successful with his performances of English Oratorio on mythical and biblical themes, but when he arranged a performance of Messiah to benefit the Foundling Hospital (1750) the critique ended. The pathos of Handel's oratorios is an ethical one. They are hallowed not by liturgical dignity but by the moral ideals of humanity.[2] Almost blind, and having lived in England for almost fifty years, he died a respected and rich man.Handel is regarded as one of the greatest composers of all time, with works such as Water Music, Music for the Royal Fireworks and Messiah remaining popular. Handel composed more than forty operas in over thirty years, and since the late 1960s, with the revival of baroque music and original instrumentation, interest in Handel's operas has grown. His operas contain remarkable human characterisation—especially for a composer not known for his love affairs.Early yearsHandel's baptismal registration (Marienbibliothek in Halle)Handel was born in 1685 in Halle, Duchy of Magdeburg, to Georg Händel and Dorothea Taust.[3] His father, 63 when his son was born, was an eminent barber-surgeon who served to the court of Saxe-Weissenfels and the Margraviate of Brandenburg.[4] According to Handel's first biographer, John Mainwaring, he "had discovered such a strong propensity to Music, that his father who always intended him for the study of the Civil Law, had reason to be alarmed. He strictly forbade him to meddle with any musical instrument but Handel found means to get a little clavichord privately convey'd to a room at the top of the house. To this room he constantly stole when the family was asleep".[5] At an early age Handel became a skillful performer on the harpsichord and pipe organ.[6]Händel-Haus (2009) – birthplace of George Frideric HandelEntrance of Teatro del Cocomero in FlorenceHandel and his father travelled to Weissenfels to visit either Handel's half-brother, Carl, or nephew, Georg Christian,[7] who was serving as valet to Duke Johann Adolf I.[8] Handel and the duke convinced his father to allow him to take lessons in musical composition and keyboard technique from Friedrich Wilhelm Zachow, the organist of the Lutheran Marienkirche. He learned about harmony and contemporary styles, analysed sheet music scores, learned to work fugue subjects, and to copy music. In 1698 Handel played for Frederick I of Prussia and met Giovanni Battista Bononcini in Berlin.From Halle to ItalyThe Hamburg Opera am Gänsemarkt in 1726In 1702, following his father's wishes, Handel started studying law under Christian Thomasius at the University of Halle;[9] and also earned an appointment for one year as the organist in the former cathedral, by then an evangelical reformed church. Handel seems to have been unsatisfied and in 1703, he accepted a position as violinist and harpsichordist in the orchestra of the Hamburg Oper am Gänsemarkt.[10] There he met the composers Johann Mattheson, Christoph Graupner and Reinhard Keiser. His first two operas, Almira and Nero, were produced in 1705.[11] He produced two other operas, Daphne and Florindo, in 1708. It is unclear whether Handel directed these performances.According to Mainwaring, in 1706 Handel travelled to Italy at the invitation of Ferdinando de' Medici, but Mainwaring must have been confused. It was Gian Gastone de' Medici, whom Handel had met in 1703–1704 in Hamburg.[12] Ferdinando tried to make Florence Italy's musical capital, attracting the leading talents of his day. He had a keen interest in opera. In Italy Handel met librettist Antonio Salvi, with whom he later collaborated. Handel left for Rome and, since opera was (temporarily) banned in the Papal States, composed sacred music for the Roman clergy. His famous Dixit Dominus (1707) is from this era. He also composed cantatas in pastoral style for musical gatherings in the palaces of cardinals Pietro Ottoboni, Benedetto Pamphili and Carlo Colonna. Two oratorios, La Resurrezione and Il Trionfo del Tempo, were produced in a private setting for Ruspoli and Ottoboni in 1709 and 1710, respectively. Rodrigo, his first all-Italian opera, was produced in the Cocomero theatre in Florence in 1707.[13] Agrippina was first produced in 1709 at Teatro San Giovanni Grisostomo, the prettiest theatre at Venice, owned by the Grimanis. The opera, with a libretto by cardinal Vincenzo Grimani, and according to Mainwaring it ran for 27 nights successively. The audience, thunderstruck with the grandeur and sublimity of his style,[14] applauded for Il caro Sassone.Move to LondonGeorge Frideric Handel (left) and King George I on the River Thames, 17 July 1717, by Edouard Jean Conrad Hamman (1819–88).In 1710, Handel became Kapellmeister to German prince George, Elector of Hanover, who in 1714 would become King George I of Great Britain.[15] He visited Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici and her husband in Düsseldorf on his way to London in 1710. With his opera Rinaldo, based on La Gerusalemme Liberata by the Italian poet Torquato Tasso, Handel enjoyed great success, although it was composed quickly, with many borrowings from his older Italian works.[16] This work contains one of Handel's favourite arias, Cara sposa, amante cara, and the famous Lascia ch'io pianga.In 1712, Handel decided to settle permanently in England. He received a yearly income of £200 from Queen Anne after composing for her the Utrecht Te Deum and Jubilate, first performed in 1713.[17][18]One of his most important patrons was the young and wealthy Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington.[19] For him Handel wrote Amadigi di Gaula, a magical opera, about a damsel in distress, based on the tragedy by Antoine Houdar de la Motte.The conception of an opera as a coherent structure was slow to capture Handel's imagination[20] and he renounced it for five years. In July 1717 Handel's Water Music was performed more than three times on the Thames for the King and his guests. It is said the compositions spurred reconciliation between the King and Handel.[21]Cannons (1717–18)Main article: Handel at CannonsThe Chandos portrait. The 1st Duke of Chandos was an important patron for Handel.In 1717 Handel became house composer at Cannons in Middlesex, where he laid the cornerstone for his future choral compositions in the twelve Chandos Anthems.[22] Romain Rolland stated that these anthems were as important for his oratorios as the cantatas were for his operas.[23] Another work he wrote for the Duke of Chandos, the owner of Cannons, was Acis and Galatea: during Handel's lifetime it was his most performed work. Winton Dean wrote, "the music catches breath and disturbs the memory".[24]In 1719 the Duke of Chandos became one of the main subscribers to Handel's new opera company, the Royal Academy of Music, but his patronage of music declined after he lost money in the South Sea bubble, which burst in 1720 in one of history's greatest financial cataclysms. Handel himself invested in South Sea stock in 1716, when prices were low[25] and sold before 1720.[26]Royal Academy of Music (1719–34)Main article: Royal Academy of Music (company)Handel House at 25 Brook Street, Mayfair, LondonIn May 1719 Lord Chamberlain Thomas Holles, the Duke of Newcastle ordered Handel to look for new singers.[27] Handel travelled to Dresden to attend the newly built opera. He saw Teofane by Antonio Lotti, and engaged the cast for the Royal Academy of Music, founded by a group of aristocrats to assure themselves a constant supply of baroque opera or opera seria. Handel may have invited John Smith, his fellow student in Halle, and his son Johann Christoph Schmidt, to become his secretary and amanuensis.[28] By 1723 he had moved into a Georgian house at 25 Brook Street, which he rented for the rest of his life.[29] This house, where he rehearsed, copied music and sold tickets, is now the Handel House Museum.[30] During twelve months between 1724 and 1725, Handel wrote three outstanding and successful operas, Giulio Cesare, Tamerlano and Rodelinda. Handel's operas are filled with da capo arias, such as Svegliatevi nel core. After composing Silete venti, he concentrated on opera and stopped writing cantatas. Scipio, from which the regimental slow march of the British Grenadier Guards is derived,[31] was performed as a stopgap, waiting for the arrival of Faustina Bordoni.In 1727 Handel was commissioned to write four anthems for the coronation ceremony of King George II. One of these, Zadok the Priest, has been played at every British coronation ceremony since.[32] In 1728 John Gay's The Beggar's Opera premiered at Lincoln's Inn Fields Theatre and ran for 62 consecutive performances, the longest run in theatre history up to that time.[citation needed] After nine years Handel's contract was ended but he soon started a new company.The Queen's Theatre at the Haymarket (now Her Majesty's Theatre), established in 1705 by architect and playwright John Vanbrugh, quickly became an opera house.[33] Between 1711 and 1739, more than 25 of Handel's operas premièred there.[34] In 1729 Handel became joint manager of the Theatre with John James Heidegger.A musical portrait of Frederick, Prince of Wales and his sisters by Philip Mercier, dated 1733, using Kew Palace as its plein-air backdropThe Queen's Theatre in the Haymarket in London by William CaponHandel travelled to Italy to engage seven new singers. He composed seven more operas, but the public came to hear the singers rather than the music.[35] After two commercially successful English oratorios Esther and Deborah, he was able to invest again in the South Sea Company. Handel reworked his Acis and Galatea which then became his most successful work ever. Handel failed to compete with the Opera of the Nobility, who engaged musicians such as Johann Adolf Hasse, Nicolo Porpora and the famous castrato Farinelli. The strong support by Frederick, Prince of Wales caused conflicts in the royal family. In March 1734 Handel directed a wedding anthem This is the day which the Lord hath made, and a serenata Parnasso in Festa for Anne of Hanover.[36]Opera at Covent Garden (1734–41)In 1733 the Earl of Essex received a letter with the following sentence: "Handel became so arbitrary a prince, that the Town murmurs". The board of chief investors expected Handel to retire when his contract ended, but Handel immediately looked for another theatre. In cooperation with John Rich he started his third company at Covent Garden Theatre. Rich was renowned for his spectacular productions. He suggested Handel use his small chorus and introduce the dancing of Marie Sallé, for whom Handel composed Terpsichore. In 1735 he introduced organ concertos between the acts. For the first time Handel allowed Gioacchino Conti, who had no time to learn his part, to substitute arias.[37] Financially, Ariodante was a failure, although he introduced ballet suites at the end of each act.[38] Alcina, his last opera with a magic content, and Alexander's Feast or the Power of Music based on John Dryden's Alexander's Feast starred Anna Maria Strada del Pò and John Beard.In April 1737, at age 52, Handel apparently suffered a stroke which disabled the use of four fingers on his right hand, preventing him from performing.[39] In summer the disorder seemed at times to affect his understanding. Nobody expected that Handel would ever be able to perform again. But whether the affliction was rheumatism, a stroke or a nervous breakdown, he recovered remarkably quickly .[40] To aid his recovery, Handel had travelled to Aachen, a spa in Germany. During six weeks he took long hot baths, and ended up playing the organ for a surprised audience.[41]Deidamia, his last and only baroque opera without an accompagnato, was performed three times in 1741. Handel gave up the opera business, while he enjoyed more success with his English oratorios.[citation needed]OratorioFurther information: List of Handel's OratoriosHandel by Philip MercierIl Trionfo del Tempo e del Disinganno, an allegory, Handel's first oratorio[42] was composed in Italy in 1707, followed by La Resurrezione in 1708 which uses material from the Bible. The circumstances of Esther and its first performance, possibly in 1718, are obscure.[43] Another 12 years had passed when an act of piracy caused him to take up Esther once again.[44] Three earlier performances aroused such interest that they naturally prompted the idea of introducing it to a larger public. Next came Deborah, strongly coloured by the Anthems[45] and Athaliah, his first English Oratorio.[46] In these three oratorios Handel laid foundation for the traditional use of the chorus which marks his later oratorios.[47] Handel became sure of himself, broader in his presentation, and more diverse in his composition.[48]It is evident how much he learnt from Arcangelo Corelli about writing for instruments, and from Alessandro Scarlatti about writing for the solo voice; but there is no single composer who taught him how to write for chorus.[49] Handel tended more and more to replace Italian soloists by English ones. The most significant reason for this change was the dwindling financial returns from his operas.[50] Thus a tradition was created for oratorios which was to govern their future performance. The performances were given without costumes and action; the performers appeared in a black suit.[51]Caricature of Handel by Joseph Goupy (1754)In 1736 Handel produced Alexander's Feast. John Beard appeared for the first time as one of Handel's principal singers and became Handel's permanent tenor soloist for the rest of Handel's life.[52] The piece was a great success and it encouraged Handel to make the transition from writing Italian operas to English choral works. In Saul, Handel was collaborating with Charles Jennens and experimenting with three trombones, a carillon and extra-large military kettledrums (from the Tower of London), to be sure "...it will be most excessive noisy".[53] Saul and Israel in Egypt both from 1739 head the list of great, mature oratorios, in which the da capo and dal segno aria became the exception and not the rule.[54] Israel in Egypt consists of little else but choruses, borrowing from the Funeral Anthem for Queen Caroline. In his next works Handel changed his course. In these works he laid greater stress on the effects of orchestra and soloists; the chorus retired into the background.[55] L'Allegro, il Penseroso ed il Moderato has a rather diverting character; the work is light and fresh.During the summer of 1741, the 3rd Duke of Devonshire invited Handel to Dublin to give concerts for the benefit of local hospitals.[56] His Messiah was first performed at the New Music Hall in Fishamble Street, on 13 April 1742, with 26 boys and five men from the combined choirs of St Patrick's and Christ Church cathedrals participating.[57] Handel secured a balance between soloists and chorus which he never surpassed.The use of English soloists reached its height at the first performance of Samson. The work is highly theatrical. The role of the chorus became increasingly import in his later oratorios. Jephtha was first performed on 26 February 1752; even though it was his last oratorio, it was no less a masterpiece than his earlier works.[58]Later yearsGeorge Frideric Handel in 1733, by Balthasar Denner (1685–1749)In 1749 Handel composed Music for the Royal Fireworks; 12,000 people attended the first performance.[59] In 1750 he arranged a performance of Messiah to benefit the Foundling Hospital. The performance was considered a great success and was followed by annual concerts that continued throughout his life. In recognition of his patronage, Handel was made a governor of the Hospital the day after his initial concert. He bequeathed a copy of Messiah to the institution upon his death.[60] His involvement with the Foundling Hospital is today commemorated with a permanent exhibition in London's Foundling Museum, which also holds the Gerald Coke Handel Collection. In addition to the Foundling Hospital, Handel also gave to a charity that assisted impoverished musicians and their families.In August 1750, on a journey back from Germany to London, Handel was seriously injured in a carriage accident between The Hague and Haarlem in the Netherlands.[61] In 1751 one eye started to fail. The cause was a cataract which was operated on by the great charlatan Chevalier Taylor. This led to uveitis and subsequent loss of vision. He died eight years later in 1759 at home in Brook Street, at age 74. The last performance he attended was of Messiah. Handel was buried in Westminster Abbey.[62] More than three thousand mourners attended his funeral, which was given full state honours.Handel never married, and kept his personal life private. His initial will bequeathed the bulk of his estate to his niece Johanna. However four codicils distributed much of his estate to other relations, servants, friends and charities.[63]Handel owned an art collection that was auctioned posthumously in 1760.[64] The auction catalogue listed approximately seventy paintings and ten prints (other paintings were bequeathed).[64]WorksSenesino, the famous castrato from SienaMain articles: List of compositions by George Frideric Handel and List of operas by Handel.Handel's compositions include 42 operas, 29 oratorios, more than 120 cantatas, trios and duets, numerous arias, chamber music, a large number of ecumenical pieces, odes and serenatas, and 16 organ concerti. His most famous work, the oratorio Messiah with its "Hallelujah" chorus, is among the most popular works in choral music and has become the centrepiece of the Christmas season. Among the works with opus numbers published and popularised in his lifetime are the Organ Concertos Op.4 and Op.7, together with the Opus 3 and Opus 6 concerti grossi; the latter incorporate an earlier organ concerto The Cuckoo and the Nightingale in which birdsong is imitated in the upper registers of the organ. Also notable are his sixteen keyboard suites, especially The Harmonious Blacksmith.Handel introduced previously uncommon musical instruments in his works: the viola d'amore and violetta marina (Orlando), the lute (Ode for St. Cecilia's Day), three trombones (Saul), clarinets or small high cornetts (Tamerlano), theorbo, horn (Water Music), lyrichord, double bassoon, viola da gamba, bell chimes, positive organ, and harp (Giulio Cesare, Alexander's Feast).[65]Handel's works have been catalogued in the Händel-Werke-Verzeichnis and are commonly referred to by an HWV number. For example, Messiah is catalogued as HWV 56.LegacyA Masquerade at the King's Theatre, Haymarket (c. 1724)Handel's works were collected and preserved by two men in particular: Sir Samuel Hellier, a country squire whose musical acquisitions form the nucleus of the Shaw-Hellier Collection,[66] and abolitionist Granville Sharp. The catalogue accompanying the National Portrait Gallery exhibition marking the tercentenary of the composer's birth calls them two men of the late eighteenth century "who have left us solid evidence of the means by which they indulged their enthusiasm".[67]After his death, Handel's Italian operas fell into obscurity, except for selections such as the aria from Serse, "Ombra mai fù". The oratorios continued to be performed but not long after Handel's death they were thought to need some modernisation, and Mozart orchestrated a German version of Messiah and other works. Throughout the 19th century and first half of the 20th century, particularly in the Anglophone countries, his reputation rested primarily on his English oratorios, which were customarily performed by enormous choruses of amateur singers on solemn occasions.Since the Early Music Revival many of the forty-two operas he wrote have been performed in opera houses and concert halls.Handel's music was studied by composers such as Haydn, Mozart and BeethovenRecent decades have revived his secular cantatas and what one might call 'secular oratorios' or 'concert operas'. Of the former, Ode for St. Cecilia's Day (1739) (set to texts by John Dryden) and Ode for the Birthday of Queen Anne (1713) are noteworthy. For his secular oratorios, Handel turned to classical mythology for subjects, producing such works as Acis and Galatea (1719), Hercules (1745) and Semele (1744). These works have a close kinship with the sacred oratorios, particularly in the vocal writing for the English-language texts. They also share the lyrical and dramatic qualities of Handel's Italian operas. As such, they are sometimes performed onstage by small chamber ensembles. With the rediscovery of his theatrical works, Handel, in addition to his renown as instrumentalist, orchestral writer, and melodist, is now perceived as being one of opera's great musical dramatists.A carved marble statue of Handel, created for the Vauxhall Gardens in 1738 by Louis-François Roubiliac, and now preserved in the Victoria & Albert Museum.Handel's work was edited by Samuel Arnold (40 vols., London, 1787–1797), and by Friedrich Chrysander, for the German Händel-Gesellschaft (105 vols., Leipzig, 1858–1902).Handel adopted the spelling "George Frideric Handel" on his naturalisation as a British subject, and this spelling is generally used in English-speaking countries. The original form of his name, Georg Friedrich Händel, is generally used in Germany and elsewhere, but he is known as "Haendel" in France. Another composer with a similar name, Handl or Händl, was an Austrian from Carniola and is more commonly known as Jacobus Gallus.Musician's musicianHandel has generally been accorded high esteem by fellow composers, both in his own time and since.[68] Bach attempted, unsuccessfully, to meet with Handel while he was visiting Halle.[69] Mozart is reputed to have said of him, "Handel understands affect better than any of us. When he chooses, he strikes like a thunder bolt."[70] To Beethoven he was "the master of us all... the greatest composer that ever lived. I would uncover my head and kneel before his tomb".[70] Beethoven emphasised above all the simplicity and popular appeal of Handel's music when he said, "Go to him to learn how to achieve great effects, by such simple means".HomagesHandel Commemoration in Westminster Abbey, 1784After Handel's death, many composers wrote works based on or inspired by his music. The first movement from Louis Spohr's Symphony No. 6, Op. 116, "The Age of Bach and Handel", resembles two melodies from Handel's Messiah. In 1797 Ludwig van Beethoven published the 12 Variations in G major on ‘See the conqu’ring hero comes’ from Judas Maccabaeus by Handel, for cello and piano. Guitar virtuoso Mauro Giuliani composed his Variations on a Theme by Handel, Op. 107 for guitar, based on Handel's Suite No. 5 in E major, HWV 430, for harpsichord. In 1861, using a theme from the second of Handel's harpsichord suites, Johannes Brahms wrote the Variations and Fugue on a Theme by Handel, Op. 24, one of his most successful works (praised by Richard Wagner). Several works by the French composer Félix-Alexandre Guilmant use Handel's themes, for example his March on a Theme by Handel uses a theme from Messiah. French composer and flautist Philippe Gaubert wrote his Petite marche for flute and piano based on the fourth movement of Handel's Trio Sonata, Op. 5, No. 2, HWV 397. Argentine composer Luis Gianneo composed his Variations on a Theme by Handel for piano. In 1911, Australian-born composer and pianist Percy Grainger based one of his most famous works on the final movement of Handel's Suite No. 5 in E major (just like Giuliani). He first wrote some variations on the theme, which he titled Variations on Handel's ‘The Harmonious Blacksmith’ . Then he used the first sixteen bars of his set of variations to create Handel in the Strand, one of his most beloved pieces, of which he made several versions (for example, the piano solo version from 1930). Arnold Schoenberg's Concerto for String Quartet and Orchestra in B flat major (1933) was composed after Handel's Concerto Grosso, Op. 6/7.VenerationHandel is honored together with Johann Sebastian Bach and Henry Purcell with a feast day on the liturgical calendar of the Episcopal Church (USA) on 28 July.He is commemorated as a musician in the Calendar of Saints of the Lutheran Church on 28 July, with Johann Sebastian Bach and Heinrich Schütz.He is commemorated as a musician along with Johann Sebastian Bach on 28 July by The Order of Saint Luke in their calendar of saints prepared for the use of The United Methodist Church.EditionsBetween 1787 and 1797 Samuel Arnold compiled a 180-volume collection of Handel's works—however it was far from complete.[72] Also incomplete was the collection produced between 1843 and 1858 by the English Handel Society (found by Sir George Macfarren).[73]The 105-volume Händel-Gesellschaft edition was published in the mid 19th century and was mainly edited by Friedrich Chrysander (often working alone in his home). For modern performance, the realisation of the basso continuo reflects 19th century practice. Vocal scores drawn from the edition were published by Novello in London, but some scores, such as the vocal score to Samson are incomplete.The still-incomplete Hallische Händel-Ausgabe started to appear in 1956 (named for Halle in Saxony-Anhalt Eastern Germany, not the Netherlands). It did not start as a critical edition, but after heavy criticism of the first volumes, which were performing editions without a critical apparatus (for example, the opera Serse was published with the title character recast as a tenor reflecting pre-war German practice), it repositioned itself as a critical edition. Influenced in part by cold-war realities, editorial work was inconsistent: misprints are found in abundance and editors failed to consult important sources. In 1985 a committee was formed to establish better standards for the edition.From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia