Hello Diabetes

Finland ranks as the happiest country, while our happiness index has dropped. To be in the top ten, we need to improve significantly. This shift highlights the concept of glycemic happiness in diabetes, where the psychosocial aspects are often overlooked. Most diabetes awareness programs focus on molecular treatments, driven by commercial interests, with no "pill" for happiness. Diabetes management varies by type. Children with Type 1 diabetes often require multiple insulin injections daily—sometimes four, five, or even six times—depending on their needs. In Type 2 diabetes, beta cells in the pancreas partially deteriorate, but some still function. Treatment typically starts with oral medications, and insulin is introduced if necessary. In India, where carbohydrate-rich diets are common, managing postprandial blood sugar is challenging. To address this, a combination of short-acting (Rapid acting) and long-acting insulin is preferred to maintain effective blood sugar control. There are few oral medications which also help to manage post-meal blood sugar levels. Beyond physical health, the emotional impact of diabetes can lead to distress or depression, highlighting the need for greater focus on diabetes-related happiness and well-being. This can be achieved through education, awareness counselling with psychologist, psychotherapist at different stages of the triggering factors of stress. Expert: Dr. Sunil Gupta Anchor: Ms. Pranjali Bawaskar Recorded on: 21/03/2025 Recorded at: Akashwani Nagpur

During extreme stress, the body releases counter-regulatory hormones like adrenaline, growth hormone, and cortisol, which raise blood sugar levels. While insulin lowers sugar, these hormones can counteract its effects. For instance, a person experiencing a heart attack may initially see a drop-in blood sugar, but it later stabilizes. Some may need insulin temporarily before managing diabetes through diet alone. Before fasting, it is crucial to consult a doctor, just as one would before surgery. Certain diabetes medications, especially insulin and sulfonylurea tablets, increase the risk of hypoglycemia, particularly during prolonged fasting of 12–14 hours. Low blood sugar can be severe, requiring careful monitoring. However, advancements in diabetes treatment have introduced newer medications that reduce this risk, allowing safer fasting for diabetics. Proper medical guidance ensures balanced blood sugar levels, minimizing complications. Dr. Kavita Gupta highlights the vital role of women as the foundation of a family. She stresses the importance of proper nutrition from adolescence, as many young girls today follow unhealthy diets influenced by social media. A balanced diet with dal, rice, and vegetables is essential for growth, development, and future maternal health. She also emphasizes mindful eating during fasting. For Sehri, she recommends nutritious foods like milk or porridge, while Iftar should start with dates and plenty of water. She advises against fried and oily foods, encouraging fresh vegetables and wholesome meals for overall well-being. Expert: Dr. Sunil Gupta & Dr. Kavita Gupta Anchor: Kalyani Gokhale Recorded on: 28/02/2025 Recorded at: Akashwani Nagpur

Diabetes is a growing concern, particularly among younger individuals. It is a condition where the body either doesn't produce enough insulin or/and becomes resistant to insulin. Type 1 diabetes, is diagnosed in childhood and is now being seen in children which can be as young as at six months age. On the other hand, Type 2 diabetes, which was traditionally observed in adults aged 50-70, is increasingly affecting people between the ages of 20 and 40 years. People diagnosed at young age have longer life span and thus they need to remain more cautious for their blood glucose, blood pressure, cholesterol & weight control targets. To remain complication free for 30-40 years, they need to be more alert than others. Diet plays a significant role in managing diabetes. The glycemic index (GI) of foods affects how quickly sugar enters the bloodstream. Foods with a high GI, such as simple carbohydrates, can cause rapid spikes in blood sugar levels, while foods with a low GI, like complex carbohydrates, lead to slower, more controlled blood sugar rises. To manage diabetes, it's essential to focus on portion control, limit sugary foods, and incorporate healthy, balanced meals. Expert: Dr. Sunil Gupta Anchor: Pranjali Bawaskar Recorded on: 31/01/2025 Recorded at: Akashwani Nagpur

The beta cells of the pancreas are responsible for producing insulin, a hormone essential for regulating blood sugar levels. When these beta cells become damaged, insulin production declines, leading to impaired glucose metabolism. As a result, glucose, which is needed for energy, accumulates instead of being properly utilized by the liver, adipose tissue, and muscles. Without sufficient insulin, blood sugar levels rise, potentially leading to diabetes. Additionally, environmental factors such as obesity and stress contribute to the risk of diabetes. Maintaining a healthy diet and regular exercise can help safeguard against these issues. If you have a family history of diabetes—such as parents, grandparents, uncles, or aunts—it is crucial to minimize environmental stressors to protect your health. Addressing obesity can significantly reduce the risk of future complications. So Genes are the loaded Guns….. Environment pulls the trigger. Expert: Dr. Sunil Gupta Anchor: Swati Huddar Recorded on: 24/01/2025 Recorded at: Akashwani Nagpur

We Should concentrate on pregnancy, her healthy nutrition, dietary habits, dietary quality, biochemical parameters, and obesity; by focusing on these aspects, we can protect future generations from diabetes. Currently, if we prioritize fetal health, we have the potential to shield future generations from diabetes. Regarding type 2 diabetes, as you inquired, the initial phase of insulin release does not occur properly in this condition, which means the beta cells struggle to release insulin effectively, resulting in postprandial hyperglycemia and excess sugar being released from the liver, causes fasting hyperglycemia. Dr. Kavita Gupta highlights that high carbohydrate intake from foods like wheat, rice, and jaggery contributes to elevated sugar levels. To manage this, adjusting meal order and portion sizes can help. Start meals with fiber-rich foods like salads and vegetables, followed by protein sources like pulses, eggs, or lean meats, and then consume roti or rice. Using smaller plates divided into sections—half for vegetables and the rest split between protein and carbohydrates—ensures balanced nutrition. This approach reduces carb intake, prevents sugar spikes, and supports weight management, making it an effective strategy for diabetes control and overall health. Podcast 10/01/2025 Anchor – Purva Kulkarni Expert - Dr. Sunil Gupta & Dr. Kavita Gupta Recorded on: 10/01/2025 Recorded at: Akashwani Nagpur Episode: 68 Priorities fetal health to shield future generation from diabetes.

Maintaining a healthy weight, eating nutritious foods, and avoiding fast food are key to reducing the risk of diabetes. Currently, nearly one in four adults over 18 is living with diabetes. Women are especially vulnerable during pregnancy due to hormonal changes, making regular screening crucial. Consulting a doctor ensures tailored guidance for managing gestational diabetes effectively. Uncontrolled blood sugar levels pose serious risks during surgery. While sterile procedures generally avoid infections, high blood sugar can delay healing, increase infection risks, and complicate recovery. In surgeries like bypass operations, infected stitches may lead to scarring or further complications. Stabilizing blood sugar before surgery and maintaining it during anaesthesia are vital for safe outcomes. Gestational diabetes results from hormones like human placental lactogen (HPL) reducing insulin effectiveness. During pregnancy, the pancreas must produce up to 50% more insulin to meet rising demands. If beta cells cannot keep up, blood sugar levels rise, stressing the body and increasing diabetes risk. High blood sugar damages nerves, impairing their function and delaying wound healing due to reduced immunity. Nerve damage often starts symmetrically but may affect only one foot. Managing blood sugar is essential for nerve health, faster healing, and preventing infections Recorded on: 11.12.2024 Recorded at: Akashwani Nagpur

Nervous system is responsible for multiple functions of our body. It is divided into peripheral nervous system (PNS) & central nervous system (CNS). The PNS has motor and sensory component, while the motor system consists of Autonomic (Involuntary) and somatic (Voluntary). Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) controls our urinary bladder functioning, which if affected can cause reduction of urinary bladder contractibility causing post void retention of urine in bladder, increase frequency of urination & recurrent UTI. Water intake may need to be restricted in people with poor pumping capacity of heart or kidney failure or any having any other condition with fluid overload. To maintain overall health, focus on walking more, getting adequate sleep, and staying positive. A cheerful attitude and smiling can contribute to your well-being and that of your loved ones, ensuring a healthier future for everyone. Recorded on: 29.11.2024 Recorded at: Akashwani Nagpur

Pre-diabetes marks the initial phase of diabetes. A fasting blood sugar level below 110 mg/dL is considered normal. If it ranges from 110 to 126 mg/dL, you are classified as pre-diabetic. The Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) involves consuming 75 grams of glucose, followed by a blood sugar test two hours later. A result below 140 mg/dL is normal, while a range of 140 to 199 mg/dL indicates pre-diabetes. Additionally, HbA1c levels provide long-term insights into blood sugar control. Levels below 5.7% is normal, 5.7% to 6.4% indicate pre-diabetes, and 6.5% or higher signify diabetes. All people with diabetes cases progress through the pre-diabetes stage. World Diabetes Day and Awareness World Diabetes Day is celebrated on November 14th, coinciding with the birthday of Frederick Banting, the discoverer of insulin. This global initiative, led by the International Diabetes Federation, promotes awareness with an annual theme. The 2024–2026 theme focuses on Diabetes and Well-Being, and the 2024 sub-theme emphasizes Breaking Barriers, Bridging Gaps, highlighting the importance of a fulfilling life alongside managing diabetes. Gestational Diabetes and Pregnancy Hormones During pregnancy, placental hormones like human placental lactogen, (HPL), progesterone and estrogen increase insulin resistance by over 50%, impairing insulin's effectiveness. Typically, if someone's pancreas is producing about 50 units of insulin daily, during pregnancy, it may need 75–80 units per 24hr. If beta cells cannot meet this increased demand of pregnancy, blood sugar levels rises, leading to gestational diabetes. A glucose challenge test with 75 grams of glucose, followed by a blood sugar measurement after two hours, acts as a stress test for beta cell function. Levels below 140 mg/dL are normal, while levels above 140 indicate gestational diabetes. Early detection and management are crucial to ensure a healthy baby's birth. Recorded on: 8.11.2024 Recorded at: Akashwani Nagpur

People with Diabetes are more prone to infections like pneumonia due to weakened immunity, which worsens with prolonged, unmanaged diabetes, especially with age. Vaccinations, such as the pneumococcal 13 vaccine followed by a booster with pneumococcal-23 after 1 year, are essential in reducing the risk of secondary infections, although they do not address allergies. Obesity significantly contributes to diabetes and related conditions like hypertension, high cholesterol, sleep apnea, and certain cancers etc. In India, obesity affects 40-70% of the population, paralleling global trends. Addressing obesity holistically can prevent diabetes and reduce the risk of multiple health issues. Dr. Kavita Gupta emphasizes that pre-diabetics can reverse their condition through lifestyle changes. A balanced diet with vegetables, lentils, whole grains, and fiber is key, along with maintaining a healthy weight. Regular physical activity and limiting screen time are equally important to combat sedentary habits. These measures can help transition from pre-Diabetes to non-Diabetes status. In summary, managing diabetes involves vaccinations, healthy eating, weight control, and physical activity. These proactive steps prevent nerve damage, complications of diabetes, and address obesity, improving overall health and quality of life. Recorded on: 25.10.2024 Recorded at: Akashwani Nagpur

Stress hormones are released immediately during challenging situations, making stress a significant yet subjective experience. These stress hormones increase insulin resistance & cause hyperglycemia unlike physical weight, stress cannot be quantified—it varies for everyone, making it a deeply personal phenomenon. Uncontrolled blood sugar can lead to complications like early-onset cataracts, often appearing as early as 45 or 50, especially in diabetics. Retinal issues and glaucoma are also common, emphasizing the need for annual eye exams. People with Diabetes should inform their doctors and prioritize regular evaluations to detect and manage potential eye complications effectively. Awareness promoted by the government and media highlights the importance of vaccinations. A disease Herpes zoster or shingles can affect individuals with diabetes. This virus resides in everyone but becomes active when the immune system weakens. Fortunately, a vaccine with 90% efficacy is available for those over 50. Administered in two doses, the first dose is followed by the second after two months, within a six-month window. Adult vaccination schedules should include common vaccines such as hepatitis B, pneumococcal, influenza, and herpes zoster. Evaluations for neuropathy (nerve damage) and vasculopathy (blood vessel damage) are also critical. Neuropathy affects nerves, while vasculopathy leads to arterial damage. Dr. Kavita Gupta advises caution during fasting, as starchy foods like potatoes and sabudana can spike blood sugar levels. Instead, opt for foods with a low glycemic index to avoid sugar surges. Increase fiber intake while avoiding sugar and jaggery. Common fasting foods like halwa, sago vada, and khichdi can elevate sugar levels. A better alternative is incorporating salads, roasted chickpeas, lemon water, small amounts of coconut water, or fresh coconut. Bhagar (a low glycemic index grain) combined with vegetables like tomatoes, peas, and carrots is beneficial. Including protein and lean meat can further improve dietary balance. Recorded on: 11.10.2024 Recorded at: Akashwani Nagpur

The alarming trend shows that every 5th or 6th pregnant woman in India is diagnosed with diabetes, highlighting an urgent need for interventions and enhanced medical treatments. Approximately 24% of adults (Above 18yrs age) in India are affected by dysglycemia (Diabetes & Prediabetes) which, considering the adult population exceeding 90 crores, this indirectly suggests that nearly every 4th & 5th woman of child bearing potential is likely to be having some from of dysglycemia, which itself is a risk factor for Gestational & Pre-gestational diabetes. Uncontrolled diabetes during pregnancy can lead to severe complications, including miscarriage, larger fetal size, and an increased likelihood of the child developing diabetes and obesity in their future life. Notably, the first 6-8 weeks of pregnancy are crucial, as the baby's all organs like brain, heart, lungs GI tracts, limbs etc. get fully formed by this time. Instability in a mother's blood sugar levels during this period can lead to potential organ defects. While infants may appear healthy at birth, they could face health challenges later due to uncontrolled blood glucose of gestation. Recorded on: 27.09.2024 Recorded at: Akashwani Nagpur Anchor : Purva Kulkarni Speaker : Dr. Sunil Gupta

With nearly 40 years of medical experience, I often encounter questions about sugar consumption. My consistent advice is to avoid sweets and focus on managing blood sugar levels, as poor glycemic control can weaken the overall immune system and may trigger infections & other chronic complications. Basal bolus therapy is the best insulin regimen, specially for type 1DM. It involves taking prandial insulin three times daily with meals and administering basal insulin once or twice daily, depending on individual needs. The dose is typically calculated based on body weight and blood glucose readings. Using Continuous Glucose Monitors (CGMs) helps track blood sugar fluctuations. Uncontrolled blood sugar can lead to serious complications affecting various organs, including the eyes, kidneys, heart, brain and nerves. Diabetic neuropathy, often referred to as "dry skin syndrome," can cause significant discomfort and pain, including symptoms like burning feet numbness, tingling, insensitive feet etc. Managing blood sugar is crucial in preventing neuropathy. Deficiencies of vitamins like D3 and B12 may experience symptoms of sensory neuropathy. Medications like pregabalin or gabapentin if prescribed by certified registered practitioner can provide relief for neuropathic pain. Recorded on: 13.09.2024 Recorded at: Akashwani Nagpur Anchor : Purva Kulkarni Speaker : Dr. Sunil Gupta

One should know that type 2 DM is not only caused by beta cell dysfunction of pancreas. There are eight different organs of body involved in the pathophysiology of T2 DM. 1. Beta cells of pancreas, that they don't produce enough insulin. 2. Alpha cells of pancreas produce disproportionately high glucagon as there is poor suppression of glucagon in the post meal phase, causing post prandial hyperglycemia. 3. Liver produces extra glucose causing high fasting blood glucose. 4. Skeletal muscles have poor uptake of glucose, which increases blood glucose. 5. Adipose tissue produces higher fatty acid. 6. Incretin hormone from intestine also show dysregulation (GLPl & GIP) 7. Kidney increase glucose reabsorption from proximal convoluted tubules 8. Brains satiety centers show dysregulation. 9. Thus, while treating a case of T2 DM, we should address all Eight Arms of, So called “Ominous Octet”. Recorded at Akashwani Nagpur on the 30th August 2024 Anchor – Kalyani Gokhale Speaker – Dr. Sunil Gupta

The piece underscores the critical need for early blood sugar control to prevent long-term diabetes complications. Elevated blood sugar can harm organs such as the brain, eyes, heart, nerves and kidneys etc. With 20-30% of adults developing diabetes in a very young age, it is essential to manage blood sugar early to avoid the formation of Advanced Glycation End products (AGEs), which can Cause chronic complications of diabetes. Maintaining healthy blood sugar levels, cholesterol, and blood pressure heathy diet, exercise, managing stress, taking good sleep, and avoiding smoking and alcohol, is crucial. The "Hello Diabetes" campaign promotes primary and primordial prevention, encouraging healthy habits in children and pregnant women to reduce future risk of diabetes. Follow key management recommendations of “ABCDEFGH” formula: ● A: To Keep A1C levels under 7%. ● B: To Maintain Blood Pressure less than 130/80 mm of Hg . ● C: Control LDL Cholesterol below 100 mg/dl and aim to bring is below 70 mg/dl ● D: Follow a Healthy Diet. ● E: Exercise for ~ 250 minutes per week. ● F: Frequent blood glucose monitoring. ● G: Engage in Good quality education programs. ● H: Stay Happy always. Recorded at Akashwani Nagpur on the 9th August 2024. Expert: Dr. Sunil Gupta Anchor: Producer: Vijay Rajput

Management of Diabetes is like a table supported by four essential pillars: Diet, Exercise, Medications, and Monitoring, but this table is incomplete without a table top which is “Education”. Of these four pillars one of them is glucose monitoring which plays a critical role, typically done through three methods: 1. Glucometers: Capillary blood glucose monitoring involves using a glucometer for precise measurements, which can differ slightly from venous blood levels. Evert PWD's should learn Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose (SMBG), this requires individuals to use a glucometer at home for informed insulin dosage decisions. 2. HbA1c Monitoring: Measures long-term glucose levels, with an ideal level below 5.7% for non-diabetics. 3. Continuous Glucose Monitoring System (CGMS): Emerging technologies in glucose monitoring include interstitial glucose monitoring with sensors that provide real-time data for up to 15 days, allowing for better management of blood sugar spikes. Invasive methods, such as implantable sensors and non innovative devices like glucose-monitoring watches and contact lenses, promise to enhance convenience in diabetes management in future. Dietary considerations are significant, especially regarding the glycemic index (GI) of foods like rice, which affects blood glucose levels. Consulting a dietitian for portion sizes tailored to individual needs is recommended. Recorded at Akashwani Nagpur on the 26th July 2024. Expert: Dr. Sunil Gupta Anchor: Swati Huddar Producer: Vijay Rajput

Everyone should be aware of the fact that “Diabetes increases the infection and infection increases the diabetes. Thus, both need intensive management strategies simultaneously. People with Diabetes must take special care of themselves, just like we care for our family members. Diabetes can be thought of as a child with slightly lower immunity, especially during the rainy season when the risk of infections—whether bacterial, fungal, or viral—rises significantly. To manage diabetes effectively during any active infection Basal Bolus Insulin Therapy is one of the best treatment regimens. Basal insulin provides steady, consistent insulin whether food is consumed or not, while bolus Insulin helps to manage blood sugar levels after eating. Despite common myths, insulin is a safe and powerful treatment, often outperforming oral medications. During the monsoon, primary prevention is key—maintaining hygiene and avoiding outside junk or processed foods is crucial. Even minor symptoms like fever, cold, or cough should prompt immediate consultation with a doctor, as small infections can quickly escalate into serious conditions. Proper blood glucose management is essential for infection prevention, and adult vaccination, including the pneumococcal, influenza, hepatitis B, and herpes zoster vaccines, plays a vital role in safeguarding people with diabetes' health. Recorded: Akashvani Nagpur Anchor - Swati Huddar Speaker - Dr. Sunil Gupta Producer: Vijay Rajput

This podcast was being broadcasted live from the venue Hotel of Hello Diabetes Academia 2024 at Ramdaspeth, Nagpur featuring insights from Dr. V. Mohan (Padma Shri), Dr. Shashank Joshi (Padma Shri), Dr. Vijay Vishwanathan, and Dr. Sunil Gupta. Diabetes management is a costly endeavor, and the financial burden increases significantly with complications affecting vital organs like the kidneys, heart, brain, liver, and nerves. These complications can also place a heavy strain on families and may lead to severe outcomes, including death. Therefore, Dr. Vijay Vishwanathan emphasized the importance of focusing on prevention rather than solely addressing complications. This involves both primary prevention to avert the onset of diabetes and secondary prevention to manage complications if diabetes is already present. Dr. V. Mohan highlighted that while medicine contributes only 10% to diabetes management, education and awareness play a crucial role, accounting for 80-90%. Effective management involves adhering to the ABC mantras—HbA1c, Blood Pressure, and Cholesterol—and maintaining discipline through diet, exercise, and lifestyle adjustments. Dr. Shashank Joshi advocated for a healthy lifestyle, including regular physical activity, adequate sleep, and mindful eating, to prevent and manage diabetes. He also points out the importance of addressing asymptomatic complications and managing sugar cravings through consistent lifestyle changes. Dr. Sunil Gupta emphasized upon getting connected to people at large through such education programs. “People who knows the most... Live longest” he added the quote of Prof. Elliott Joslin who is known as the father of Diabetes in the World. Speaker: Dr. V. Mohan, Dr. Shashank Joshi, Dr. Vijay Vishwanathan and Dr. Sunil Gupta Anchor: Purva Kulkarni Producer: Vijay Rajput

While there are many varieties of salt available, it's crucial to focus on how much we consume, especially for those with high blood pressure or kidney issues, who should limit their intake to about 3 grams daily. Although all salts contain similar sodium and potassium levels, rock salt offers additional micronutrients, making it a healthier option when used in moderation. Frozen shoulder is another concern, particularly for people with uncontrolled diabetes, as it restricts shoulder movement and causes significant pain. Physiotherapy, often required for 3-4 months, is the best treatment and should be applied to both shoulders to prevent recurrence, highlighting the importance of blood sugar management and avoiding painkillers. During the monsoon season, it's essential to choose healthier foods, such as green tea, steamed vegetables, fiber-rich foods, and soups, rather than high-calorie fried items. The lockdown period showed that those who maintained good diabetes control experienced fewer complications, underscoring that diabetes itself isn't harmful—it's the lack of discipline and neglect in managing health that poses risks. With proper care and consistent healthy, dietary and lifestyle habits, managing diabetes effectively becomes more achievable. Recorded on 28/06/2024

Snoring is often being mistaken for a deep sleep, but it is not true. Snoring can be a sign of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA), which is a risk factor for diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, obesity, infertility perioperative complications etc. Adequate sound sleep of 6-8 hours is essential for a good health. Uncontrolled blood sugar & blood pressure in people with diabetes with OSA can automatically be managed to a large extent with the adequate treatment of OSA. Lifestyle modification, regular exercise, weight reduction and the use of C-PAD plays a key role in the management of OSA and Diabetes.

Though, prevalence of diabetes is almost similar in two genders, women with past history of gestational diabetes mellitus, women with post –partum weight gain, post menopausal women etc. have higher risk of developing diabetes, obesity and other cardiovascular complications. Thus, women with diabetes should practice healthy eating habits, should do regular blood glucose monitoring, proper monitoring of other target organs and should regular practice exercise. Working women can carry healthy dry snacks like nuts, makhana, sprouts etc. in place of unhealthy and fried snacks. Young mother should avoid alcohol to avoid further complication.“If you educate a Man, you educate a Man, but if you educate a Woman, you educate the Generation” added Dr. Sunil Gupta in his concluding remark.Recorded on 10/5/2024

People at large know, that alcohol causes liver damage and few are also aware of having liver injury due to viral infection (Hepatitis / Jaundice). But, very few people know that 50 to 70% of People with Type 2 Diabetes can develop fatty liver due to uncontrolled blood glucose and / or obesity. Unfortunately, few of them may progress to cirrhosis of liver, and rarely Hepatocellular Carcinoma (Cancer of Liver) Long- standing uncontrolled diabetes increases the risk of small and large vessel diseases involving kidney, eyes, nerves, heart brain & feet. But, do you know that people with Pre- diabetes have higher chances of developing macro vascular (big vessel) disease. So, life style modification is the key to success. Alcohol and tobacco in any form should be stopped completely. Finally, To protect your Liver heart, kidney, eyes and other organs keep your blood sugar, cholesterol, blood pressure, and weight under control. Recorded 26/04/2024.

Summer has Started. All of us will be planning to travel to some places. People with Diabetes should practice smart travelling. Some precautions should be taken, when you are travelling with Diabetes. While Travelling, always carry extra medicines, your Diabetes Identity Card, Glucometer, Ketone strips, healthy snacks & the most important is to visit your Doctor, get your all necessary tests done and take consent of your Doctor for the safe travelling. Regularly monitor your blood glucose even when you are travelling, Check for Hypoglycemia Carry Sports Shoes, Copy of your medical File, drugs for first aid care etc. Keep your medicines in the handbag. Insulin should not be kept in checked in luggage while travelling by air. Similarly during car travel avoid storing insulin in glove box, as the engine temperature, might affect the quality of insulin. Similarly, avoid exposure of insulin to direct sunlight. Simple precautions will help you to enjoy the safe travel. Recorded on 12.04.2024.

Holi, the festival of colours can surely be enjoyed by people with diabetes with mindful eating, good glycaemic control and portion control. Diabetes should be managed with 7 basic colors of Holi. First color is Diet, as almost all cases of prediabetes and many cases of diabetes can be managed with diet therapy alone. The second color is Exercise, ie brisk walk daily for 30-40 minutes or 150 minutes per week. Third color is the oral glucose lowering drugs to control blood glucose and can be used as single drug or combination of two or more drugs. Fourth color is the Insulin, when oral drugs alone fail to control diabetes in people with long duration of diabetes, insulin therapy is used in combination with oral drugs to manage blood glucose of people with Type 2 diabetes. Fifth color is the yoga or any meditation to control stress. 6th color is regular monitoring of blood glucose to keep check on your daily glycemic profile. The most important 7th color is the awareness on the evidence based knowledge to live happy colourful & a healthy life with diabetes. Recorded on 22nd March 2024.

Globally 8th March is marked as the “International Women's Day”, while in India 10th March is being recognized as National “Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) Awareness day” on the occasion of birthday of Dr. V. Seshiah (Padmashri), who has done the pioneering work in the field of pregnancy diabetes in our country. High blood glucose in mother during pregnancy enters into foetal circulation which stimulates beta cells of foetus to secret insulin, causing hyperinsulinemia in the developing foetus. This increases the risk of developing non-communicable diseases like diabetes, obesity, hypertension & heart disease in their adolescent & adult life. Early detection & intense treatment of high glucose of pregnancy can save these children from developing diabetes in future, which is termed as “Primordial Prevention”. Thus every pregnant woman should be screened for diabetes at the first antenatal visit. Also, 50% of GDM women develop frank diabetes in 1-5 years after delivery. So, after delivery every GDM women should screen herself for diabetes after 6 weeks, 6 months and then annually to avoid future complications. “If you educate a man, you educate a man but if you educate a woman, you educate the generations,” said Dr. Gupta, on this occasion, while emphasizing upon the mission education of hello diabetes. Recorded on 8th March 2024.

Amongst, known people with diabetes, 50% of them are women. These women are more prone to have hypertension, coronary artery disease stroke, cancer etc., versus non-diabetic women of the same age. Most of the young women with diabetes can get married and get conceived with proper care of blood glucose, blood pressure, cholesterol & weight. But preconception counselling is must and they should visit their diabetologist before getting conceived to take fitness for pregnancy. According to the ICMR data, published in Lancet Journal (2023), 101 million people have diabetes and approximately 140 million have pre-diabetes in India. Almost 50% of these people with pre-diabetes are likely to develop diabetes in next 5-10 years. Thus, it is important for all of us to focus on prevention strategies for this group of people. Recorded on 23rd February 2024.

Traditionally, it is presumed that diabetes, if seen in children and young adults will expectedly a case of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus), while those who develop in middle and old age will be Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. But nowadays, many people are developing Type 2 DM between 20-35 years of age, and due to childhood obesity, Type 2 DM is also seen in the teenagers. There is another type, which is called as 1.5 diabetes, this is a slowly progressing disease, which behaves as Type 2 DM in the beginning but becomes Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus after 1-2 years and they have GAD-65 Antibody positive. It is also called as LADA (Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adult or slow onset Type 1 DM). Serum C-peptide levels, GAD-65 antibody and clinical features that can differentiate Type 1 DM v/s Type 2 DM, when present in young age. Recorded on the 12th January 2024

Sitting is a new Tobacco. If you are sitting for a long time, you are likely to enter into a high risk zone of developing diabetes & other co-morbid diseases. So try to be physically active & if you are in a sitting job, try to get-up and move after every 1 hour. To check whether you are diabetic or not, get your Glycosylated Haemoglobin A1c (GHb%) test or Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) with 75gm of glucose. OGTT is the gold standard for the diagnosis of diabetes, informed Dr. Sunil Gupta. Answering on a query online, Dr. Kavita expressed that calories distribution is different for different person and also depends on whether you are sedentary or moderate or hard worker. While answering a question on millets, she said that people with diabetes may consume millets as they are rich in fibre & micronutrients. The post prandial blood sugar spikes, can be controlled by splitting of meal or changing the order of the meals, she added. Diabetes is your life partner and one should take it's care with utmost personal attention, quoted Dr. Gupta. Recorded on 9th February 2024.

Everyone is aware of Type 1 DM (Insulin dependent diabetes, seen commonly in children) & Type 2 DM (usually seen in adults & majority are controlled on oral drugs & Lifestyle Modification ). Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a kind of diabetes, which appears in the 2nd or 3rd trimester of pregnancy and disappears after delivery. GDM occurs when the woman's beta cells are not able to overcome the antagonism created by the anti-insulin placental hormones of pregnancy. Which causes increase in the blood glucose during pregnancy. Women with a history of GDM are at increased risk of future diabetes; predominately type 2 diabetes, as are their children. Almost every 5th or 6th pregnancy women in India, may have GDM. Diabetes In Pregnancy Study Group of India (DIPSI) recommends fasting or non-fasting Oral Glucose Tolerance Challenge Test with 75g of glucose with a cut-off of ≥ 140 mg/dl after 2-hours, Every pregnant woman should be screened for glucose intolerance in the first trimester itself. If found negative, the screening test is to be performed again at 24th – 28 th week and finally around 32 nd – 34 th week. Once diagnosis is made, Medical Nutritional Therapy (MNT) is advised initially for two weeks. If MNT fails to achieve control i.e., FPG ≥ 90mg/dl and/or 2 hr PPG ≥120mg/dl, oral drugs or insulin may be initiated. Recorded on 28th January 2022.

As the festive season approaches, it is important for people with diabetes (PWD) to celebrate festival with a balance approach. Sankranti is marked by the exchange of a typical sweets (laddu & chikki) made of Til and Gud (Sesame & Jaggery). Sesame seeds (Til) have many benefits to and is good source of iron, magnesium, vit –B, protein, fibre and calcium. Jaggery is rich in iron & has thermogenic effect. PWD should avoid sweets in all such occasions. Rarely if you consume in a very small amount, it should not be taken immediately after the meal, and should be taken 3-4 hrs after the meal. Mindful eating is the success mantra to enjoy festive seasons without disturbing blood sugar level. Monitor blood sugars regularly, stay physically active and stay hydrated. You can do additional exercise to burn the extra calories consumed during celebration of the festival. Recorded January 14, 2022.

Type 2 diabetes is multifactorial ailment. Genes, age, obesity, dietary habits, lifestyle, physical activity and many more factors are responsible for diabetes occurrence. Many people have positive family history (genetic risk), but still don't develop diabetes, because they protect themselves from environmental risk factors. Diet play an important role like, healthy breakfast is very important to start the day- said Dr. Kavita Gupta. She also added seasonal fruits can be taken in moderation if blood sugars are under control. Dr. Sunil & Dr. Kavita Gupta appealed that, every person with diabetes and their caretakers should take a pledge as a part of new year resolution that they will not call themselves as patient, will eat healthy at interval of 3-4, hours will practice regular exercise, take medicines on time, will check my blood glucose at home regularly, will take care of their feet, always carry glucose to avoid low sugars, will carry their Diabetic Identity card, will do regular annual checkups & will educate others for their healthy future. Eat less, walk more, sleep well & smile is the mantra to healthy lifestyle said Dr. Gupta. Broadcasted on: 29/12/23

In India 101 millions people above 18 year age have diabetes & 135 millions have pre diabetes (> 18yrs age) thus, almost every 4th adult have some form of dysglycemia. Earlier data showed that diabetes prevalence in urban people is 10-12% and in rural it is around 6-8 %. Uncontrolled diabetes is mostly associated with complications related to heart, eyes, kidneys, nerves etc. All these complications are preventable through control of blood glucose, blood pressure, lipids & following healthy lifestyle. Type 2 diabetes & pre-diabetes, if detected early, can be prevented by lifestyle modification. Dr. Gupta said that “Genes are the loaded guns and it is the environment which pulls the trigger.” More over diet & exercise play an utmost important role in achieving glycemic, lipid & blood pressure targets, expressed by Dr. Kavita, They added that “Man is the only animal who eats even if he is not hungry”, thus, the awareness should start from schools to prevent childhood obesity. Which ultimately leads adult obesity, diabetes & other non-communicable diseases. Broadcasted on - 8th Dec 2024

The prevalence of obesity is increasing globally, which  increases the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases etc.  Around 70 % of people with diabetes are either overweight or obese. In last 1-2 decades, obesity is also affecting children / people with T1DM, primarily due to changing dietary habits and poor exercise compliance.  Individuals with T1DM who are overweight/ obese, have clinical features of insulin resistance (as that of Type 2 DM), are known as "double diabetes". It is challenging for a person with double diabetes to achieve reasonable glycemic control.  A sedentary lifestyle, a high-calorie diet rich in fats and simple sugars, and a low-fibre diet in T1DM also lead to poor metabolic control, weight gain, and other disorders like depression that further aggravate the condition. Proper treatment & lifestyle modification helps to achieve better control.To prevent double diabetes, every child / person with T1DM should practice regular outdoor sports or regular exercise. They should consume healthy diet through the concept of mindful eating. Yoga may compliment for the better management of double diabetes….! Broadcasted on 24.11.2023

We in India celebrate 14th November as Children's Day, which is the birthday of the 1st Prime Minister of India Shri Jawaharlal Nehru. Similarly, World Diabetes Day is celebrated on the same date to mark the birthday of Dr. Fredrick Banting who discovered insulin along with Charles Best in 1921, for the treatment of diabetes. In January 1922, Leonard Thompson, a 14-year-old boy became the first human being to receive insulin injection. Millions of people with diabetes around the world do not have access to diabetes care. People with diabetes require ongoing care and support to manage their condition and avoid complications. Thus, the theme for World Diabetes Day for the year 2021-23 is Access to Diabetes Care. The focus is to provide people with diabetes the importance of having access to the right information and care to ensure better treatment and management. Dr. Kavita Gupta highlighted about how to celebrate your Diwali in a healthy way. She discussed on alternatives to simple sugars, fried items, transfat, portion control and mindful eating. Let us listen to the podcast……! Broadcasted on 10.11.2023

Uncontrolled high blood sugar damages nerves and interferes with their ability to send signals, leading to diabetic neuropathy. High blood sugar also weakens the walls of the small blood vessels (capillaries) that supply the nerves with oxygen and nutrients. High blood glucose levels and high levels of fats, such as triglycerides, cholesterol can damage nerves. Different types of nerve damage cause different symptoms. Symptoms can range from pain and numbness in your upper & lower limbs & it may also affect the functions of internal organs, such as heart and urinary bladder, sex organ etc. The most common symptoms of diabetic neuropathy are numbness, tingling, a burning feet, aching, cramps and weakness. There are different types of neuropathy, the Peripheral Neuropathy (very common and typically affects feet and legs), autonomic neuropathy (causes damage to nerves that control internal organs, leading to problems with heart and blood pressure, digestive system, urinary bladder, sex organs, sweat glands, and eyes. ). Peripheral neuropathy can be detected with the filament test or biothesiometer. Cardiac autonomic neuropathy requires multiple tests through Cardiologist. Keeping your blood sugar, cholesterol & blood pressure within a healthy range and avoiding alcohol & smoking is the best way to decrease the developing of diabetic neuropathy. Broadcasted on 27.10.2023

Wish you all a Happy Navratri festival. Many people with diabetes wishes to practice fasting during these 9 days of Navratri. So, during fasting they should practice smart fasting, keep yourself hydrated, include healthy fat like nuts, seeds, avocados in your diet. Eat at small intervals. Avoid high fat & tried foods. Check your blood sugars regularly. Always consult the physician before fasting. (Narrated by Dr. Kavita Gupta) Dr. Sunil Gupta expressed his view on lipids. Lipid abnormalities are observed in 70-80% of PWD. This include high triglycerides increase in smaller & denser low density liproproteins (LDL) particles & decreased levels of high density liproproteins (HDL). Every person with diabetes should check their lipid profile annually. In case of abnormalities, they need to re-check lipid levels, 6-8 weeks after initiating lipid lowering therapy. PWD have 2-3 times increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) versus their non-diabetic counterpart's, and dyslipidemia is one of the strong contributing risk factor for CVD. Broadcasted on - 13.10.2023

Insulin is a hormone secreted by Beta – Cells of pancreas. People with Type 1 DM require insulin throughout their life to manage their blood sugar as their body produces no insulin or very little insulin. In T2DM, insulin is required when people with diabetes (PWD) on oral drugs, fail to adequately control blood glucose or when they present with severe symptomatic hyperglycaemia (where FBG > 250mg & or PPBG > 350mg/dl or GHb- >9-10 % along with symptoms) to reduce beta cell exhaustion & glucose toxicity. It can be given in combination with metformin. It is a temporary condition & insulin can be stopped, once noromoglycemia is achieved in case of Type 2 DM. Insulin remains the drug of choice during major surgery or in presence of any infection or during any acute illness. 20-30% of T2DM may required insulin within 3 years of diagnosis of diabetes, as they fail to respond to oral drugs, and almost 90% will fail to respond to the maximum dose of oral glucose therapy in 14-16 years duration of diabetes. Importantly, most of the people will need insulin sooner or later in the natural course of T2DM. Insulin therapy can be used alone or in combination with oral drugs to maintain normoglycaemia. Insulin is the best drug of choice in diabetes management. (Recorded 22nd Sept 2023)

India is the second Capital of diabetes in the World and hosts approx. 10 crores diabetics & 13 crores pre diabetics according to the recent lancet study. People with T2DM are usually treated with oral drugs, but in some cases, C- peptide test is done to check whether insulin is being produced properly by the pancreas. People with low C- peptide do not respond to oral drugs & need insulin therapy. Oral drugs are of different types and have different mechanism of actions. The dose and type of oral drugs are prescribed on the basis of overall profile of an individual. One size may not fit all. Every medicine have its effects and side effects. Some increase the risk of hypoglycemia, while some may increase weight, some work on postprandial sugars, now-a-days, oral drugs like SGLT2 inhibitors are introduced which are beneficial for heart kidneys, liver etc. and also helps in reducing weight, which is one of the major concern nowadays. These SGLT2i can also be given to non –diabetic people with heart failure or kidney disease. Various oral glucose lowering drugs are metformin (improves insulin sensitivity), sulphonylureas (reduces blood glucose by stimulating beta cells of pancreas), meglitinides (short-acting glucose lowering drug), pioglitazone (improves glycemia by reducing insulin resistance), alpha - glucosidase inhibitors (controls post prandial blood glucose), Oral GLP-1 analog Semaglutide (not only control blood glucose, but reduces weight, have low risk of hypoglycemia & good for heart and kidney functioning). Thus, always start your medicine by consulting your doctor. Self medication can be harmful.

Insulin requiring diabetes mellitus (IRDM) is an uncommon form of diabetes seen in rural people with low –socio economic background in India. They present with very low BMI (< 18.5 kg/m2 ) with symptoms of severe weight loss and very high blood glucose. Despite very high blood glucose, they don't develop diabetic ketoacidosis as we see in Type 1 Diabetes. They don't respond to oral drugs & need insulin throughout their life. Secondary Diabetes also occurs due to pancreatitis either alcoholic & non-alcoholic. There are several reasons for pancreatitis like infection, smoking, auto- immune, alcoholism and gallstones, etc. Post pancreatitis diabetes may present with pancreatic calcification called as Fibro-Calculus Pancreatic Diabetes (FCPD).They also need insulin therapy. Secondary Diabetes Mellitus can also occur due to drugs like steroid therapy & drugs used in Oncology, HIV cases etc. People with few endocrine diseases can also develop secondary DM.

People with T1DM have to take insulin every day, often 4 or 5 times daily. There are different types of insulin & are grouped according to their action profile and content like Rapid or short acting insulin helps to reduce meal time blood glucose, while intermediate and long- acting insulin acts as basal insulin. Mixed insulin are combination of either rapid acting or short acting along with intermediate insulin. Every insulin has its own action profile. Insulin needs to be stored correctly at temperature of 2-8◦C in freeze during hot summers and can be stored at room temperature during winters and rainy season. Correct insulin technique, storage, site rotation all plays a vital role in insulin absorption. Diet also plays a vital role in management of T1DM. To achieve target A1C goal and target blood sugars, it is important to understand how to balance between food intake, physical activity and insulin. Making healthy food choices & portion control has long term effects on blood sugars. Eating constant amount of food daily and adjusting insulin accordingly helps to improve blood glucose levels. What to eat, how much to eat plays crucial role in blood sugar control. They need to keep balance between macronutrients & micronutrients. Carbohydrates are the main source of the energy & have great impact on blood glucose levels. The amount of carbohydrates in meals can be calculated with the help of carb counting. Keeping watch on carbs in your meals can help match your insulin according to blood glucose and also helps in maintaining target blood glucose levels. Recorded on 28.07.2023.

Children and adults with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) are at high risk of the acute and chronic complications. The acute complications are Hypoglycemia (low sugar attack) and Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening problem that usually affects people with T1DM. It occurs when the body starts breaking down fat at a rate that is much too fast. The liver processes the fat into a fuel as ketones, which causes the blood to become acidic. Diabetic Ketoacidosis begins with mild ketosis in a person with T1DM due to their high blood glucose, dehydration, infection or same precipitating cause. It should be checked in urine ( by keto-Diastix ) if fasting glucose is more than 250mg/dl or Postmeal / Random Glucose is> 350 mg/dl or during any episode of vomiting, fever abdominal pain, drowsiness or any sick day symptoms. (Recorded on July 14 2023 at Akashvani Nagpur) Hypoglycemia means when the blood glucose falls to below 70mg/dl, which requires to be corrected by oral glucose or Sweets or any available food. Mild and moderated hypoglycemia can be managed at home, but severe hypoglycemia presents with unconsciousness, abnormal behaviour, seizures or rarely paralysis which needs hospitalization. To prevent hypoglycemia, much effort must be invested in education regarding risk factors, warning signs, and treatment of hypoglycemia at an early stage. Also Diabetic Identity Card (DIC) plays an important role. Every diabetic should have DIC which will help them in emergency conditions to get the immediate treatment.

Complication are major cause of morbidity and mortality in people with diabetes. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus are at high risk of a acute and chronic complications. The acute complications are Hypoglycemia (low sugar) and Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Hypoglycemia means when the blood glucose falls to below 70mg/dl, which requires to be corrected by oral glucose or Sweets or any available food. Mild and moderated hypoglycaemia can be managed at home, but severe hypoglycemia presents with unconsciousness, abnormal behavior, seizures or rarely paralysis, such cases need Hospitalization. Diabetic Ketoacidosis begins with mild ketosis due to high blood glucose, dehydration, infection etc. It should be checked in urine ( by keto-Diastix ) if fasting glucose is more than 250mg/dl or Postmeal / Random Glucose is > 350 mg/dl or during episode of vomiting, fever abdominal pain or any sick Day. Early correction of Blood glucose by insulin correction of dehydration and antibiotic for infection may prevent hospitalization, which is otherwise mandatory during severe DKA. Chronic complication may appears after many years of duration and can be related to Eyes (Diabetic Retinopathy), Kidney (Diabetic Nephropathy), Nerves (Diabetes Neuropathy), Sexual Dysfunction, Heart (CVD), Brain (Stroke) etc. All these complication are preventable by control of glucose, lipids, blood pressure & healthy lifestyle. Therefore health care providers should counsel and educate people with type 1 diabetes to help them live stress free life with diabetes. Recorded on 23rd June 2023 with Radhika Patrikar, at Akashwani Nagpur.

Nurses play an important role in supporting people with diabetes (PWD). Nurses account for half of the global health. As the number of people with diabetes are increasing every day, the role of nurses as an educator becomes increasingly important. By creating nurse educators, a person with diabetes can receive a high quality evidence based knowledge & a good clinical care, which can help to maintain their blood glucose, blood pressure & lipids to the target levels and thus can avoid life threatening preventable complications of diabetes. Educators can burst the myths & misconceptions from the mind of a lay person, which prevails due to unawareness and sharing of non-scientific evidence based data in various social media platforms. Nurses can save PWD's from unnecessary sufferings & can help for their psycho- social wellbeing. (Recorded June 9, 2023)

Type 1 diabetes can occur at any stage of life. Educating parents/caretakers regarding management of diabetes can improve the quality life of a person with Type 1 DM. Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus faces different challenges with advancing age like, from early childhood, schooling, adolescent age, career, at work place, marriage etc. Regular Monitoring of different organs and good blood sugar control, practicing healthy eating habits and regular physical exercise helps in achieving the glycemic, Lipids & blood Pressure goals. Emotional support also plays an important role in managing diabetes. Thus, Diabetes Self-Management Education (DSME) and Support is mandatory for empowering, each individual with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and their family member at every stages of life. (Recorded on 26th May 2023)

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus(T1DM) is also known as Juvenile or Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus. In This, Beta Cells of Pancreas produce either very little or no Insulin thus they need to take insulin injections for their whole life. Type 1 DM most commonly occurs between 5 to 15 years of age, but it can occurs at any age after 6 months of birth and even in elderly people. In T1DM beta–cells of pancreas get destroyed completely due to autoimmunity or post-viral infection or idiopathic (Unknown Cause). India ranks at first position in the prevalence of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in the World. It's common symptoms include polyuria.(increased urination), polydipsia (increased thirst), polyphagia (increased appetite) & weight loss. Their treatment includes Insulin and medical nutrition therapy. They have to take insulin injection 4 times a day or sometimes even more Acute complications of T1DM includes Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) & hypoglycemia, which needs immediate action. Some important diagnostic tests for T1DM include fasting C-Peptide, GAD 65 antibodies test and antibody to Celiac Disease etc. Recorded on the 12th May 2023 at Aakashwani Nagpur.

Type 2 Diabetes doesn't develop in a day. It starts much early as Pre Diabetes, where ,Fasting blood glucose is between 100-125 mg/dl called as Impaired Fasting Glucose(IFG) and/or 2 hours post prandial blood glucose 140-199 mg/dl called as Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT). Both IGT & IFG are being classified as Pre Diabetes. So, T2DM develops after a period of 3-7 years of pre diabetes in India. This is a golden opportunity in the life of a person with T2DM, that if they follow consistent structured Life Style Modification (LSM), at least 50% of these people with pre diabetes can become normal, remaining 50% either will remain Pre Diabetes or will become T2DM in next 5-10 yrs. Thus, screening and early detection of Pre Diabetes can play a vital role in prevention of T2DM. Dr. Sunil Gupta also discussed about how ketones develop in Type 1 diabetics, adhesive capsulitis or Frozen shoulder, heart health, Stress , importance of exercise in diabetes. He also highlighted on Primordial prevention of diabetes during pregnancy. Recorded on 27th April 2023.

Every 11th adult in the world may have diabetes. Diabetes can be tested by Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) in which you have to do an overnight fasting of 8-14 hrs before the test. After withdrawing fasting blood sample, consume 75 gms of glucose in appx 250-300ml of water and test the blood glucose after 2 hours. During this period avoid any type of physical exertion and smoking. If 2 hours, post (75gm) glucose blood sugar level is less than 140 mg/dL it is considered as normal, if it is between 140 to 199 mg/dL this indicates you have Pre Diabetes, and when it is 200 mg/dL or higher indicates that you have diabetes. Another method diagnosis diabetes is HbA1c test. An A1C below 5.7% is normal, between 5.7 and 6.4% indicates you have Pre Diabetes and 6.5% or higher indicates that you have diabetes. Similarly, A fasting blood sugar level of 99 mg/dL or lower is normal, 100 to 125 mg/dL indicates you have pre diabetes, and 126 mg/dL or higher it indicates you have diabetes. Dr Gupta also discussed about ICMR and other studies which indicates that more and more younger population is getting affected with diabetes which is a concern for the healthcare system. Moreover 50-70% of our adult population is overweight which increases the risk of non communicable diseases (NCDs) like diabetes. Studies have shown that Life Style Modification (LSM) alone can prevent diabetes. Researches have shown that LSM can prevent 54% of people with prediabetes from developing frank diabetes. Metformin has been recently approved by the Government for the treatment of Prediabetes in India. To make India diabetes free, focus should be on Obesity & Prediabetes .We should preach “Eat less, chew well, walk more, sleep well & Smile”! (Recorded on 31st March 2023)

Fasting may have some general health benefits. It helps in weight loss, lowers bad cholesterol (Triglycerides, LDL-Cholesterol) and increases good cholesterol (HDL-C) and helps improve your blood sugar level. People with diabetes (PWD) should practice smart fasting .During Ramadan, PWD should have protein rich, high fiber meals at Sehari and should avoid high fat, high carb meals at Iftar. Instead of sharbat and juices opt for buttermilk, soups, lime water, jaljeera to keep yourself hydrated. During Navratri, try to eat at regular intervals and instead of fried food & sweets choose low fat foods, bhagar , kuttu ka aata, fresh fruits and vegetables, nuts and oilseeds. Avoid Vigorous exercises during fasting but be physically active. Monitor blood glucose frequently while fasting and also watch for low blood sugar. Recorded on 24th March 2023 at Akashwani Nagpur.

The pious month of Ramadan and Navratri has commenced and many people would observe fasting with food, without food and water (for limited hours). Approximately 80% of diabetics can observe safe fasting. International Diabetes Federation (IDF) has made global guidelines on Ramadan fasting for People with Diabetes (PWD), which should be followed during fasting. According to these guidelines, most of PWD can do fasting with precautions. Those who have Brittle Diabetes with lot of fluctuations of blood glucose should avoid fasting. PWD on many oral drugs or multiple doses of insulin should avoid fasting to prevent hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia or ketosis. Many T1 Diabetics (T1DM) are on Insulin Pump, where insulin doses can be adjusted as per the carbs in their meal, lifestyle and blood glucose. They must consult their treating Doctor before commencing any type of fast. Similarly, T2DM those who are on single or multiple drug combinations or on diet control should also consult their doctor before fasting. Few medicines like Biguanides (Metformin), Gliptins etc. are safer during fasting and have low risk of hypoglycemia. Those who are on insulin, the dose may need to be reduced to prevent hypoglycemia. PWD with associated complications like heart disease, brain stroke, kidney failure, retinopathy, Cancer etc. and those with history of any recent major surgery should avoid fasting. It is advisable to take a fitness certificate for fasting from your Doctor and practice smart fasting. While fasting, mild exercises like daily household work, walking, yoga & Pranayam can be incorporated, however we should avoid vigorous exercises. Women with diabetes in pregnancy should avoid fasting for a healthy fetal growth. Awareness about fasting should be created amongst the health care professionals, para medical staff and diabetes educators, so that they can counsel their PWD for safe fasting.

If the management of diabetes is being presumed as a “Table”, it will have 4 pillars, 1st is Diet, 2nd is Exercise, 3rd pillar is Drugs (Insulin & Oral drugs), 4th pillar is Monitoring. But, despite all four pillars in place, the table is incomplete without a Table-Top, this tabletop is “Education.”Education plays a key role in the management of diabetes. Without education, the prescription of diabetes is incomplete. Every clinician, nurse or paramedical staff involved in diabetes care, can focus on educating people for better management of diabetes and can play the role of a successful educator. With the growing burden of diabetes, it is imperative to empower people with evidence-based knowledge and help them to live a healthy and happy life with diabetes. Education can be One to One, in a small group, in a conference hall and for masses through radio, print media, television and social media. It can be conducted in a small clinic, corporate/government hospitals, rural/ urban health care centers, in different offices, and at public places like parks, with/without the help of NGOs. Education is needed at different phases of the transition of diabetes, like from very early childhood to adolescence, adult, during a change of job, marriage, pregnancy, menopause, elderly etc. A key focus of diabetes education involves lifestyle changes (Diet, Exercise, weight & stress management), annual screening for target organs, compliance of medicines and visits to treating doctor, management of acute complications like hypoglycemia or ketosis at home etc.Sunil'sDiabetes Care n' Research Centre (DCRC) is actively involved in educating society under the banner of “Hello Diabetes” for the last 30 years. Apart from the general population, we also focus on specific groups like Juvenile Diabetes(JD-Con), Couple Diabetes, Gestational Diabetes, Type 2 Diabetes and so on. DCRC & DCFI (Diabetes Care Foundation of India) also create diabetes educators through a certificate course NDEP (National Diabetes Educators Program) and take annual conferences for Nurses (Nu-Con), for Women (Wo-Con), for educators (DE-Con) and Hello Diabetes Academia for doctors. Hello Diabetes Education is also done through the YouTube channel & Podcast of Dr Sunil Gupta.

Here are Dr. Sunil Gupta's 10 Commandments for Diabetes Management:1. I presume diabetes as a Condition and Not a Disease. I will avoid saying that I Have diabetes but will say with by pride that “I am a Person with Diabetes”2. I will eat healthy diet every 3-4 hours interval.3. I will exercise regularly and keep my weight normal.4. I will take my prescribed medicines regularly.5. I will monitor my blood glucose regularly as advised.6. I will always carry glucose/sugar/sugar candy with me which can be consumed to treat my hypoglycemia related emergency.7. I will not ignore any illness/infections and keep my feet as healthy as that of my face.8. I will keep my HbA1c to Less than 7% and will do this at every 3-4 moths.9. I will do screening tests of Eyes, Kidney, Nerves, Heart, Teeth, Lipids every year.10. I will empower myself with evidence based knowledge as educator and will educate others to save them from unnecessary & premature sufferings of diabetes. 

Hello Diabetes: Diabetes in Young, was recorded at Akashwani Nagpur on the 23rd of December 2022 with Dr. Sunil Gupta & Dr. Kavita Gupta. The number of young people with diabetes is gradually increasing in India. Almost every 4th newly detected person with diabetes is of less than 30yrs age. The prevalence is also slowly increasing in rural population due to rapid urbanisation of their lifestyle. Early onset of diabetes in young age is going to have a big burden on the health care system. Diabetes in young can be a case of Type 1 DM (Insulin dependent DM), Type 2 DM of young (commonly have strong family history of DM, Obesity etc), LADA (Latent Autoimmune Diabetes of Adult) which presents at young age as T2DM and responds to oral glucose lowering drugs but ultimately get converted to insulin dependent Type 1 DM within 1year, They are (GAD 65 antibody Positive) and Maturity onset Diabetes of Young (MODY), which responds to oral drugs (Sulphonylurea).