Hello Diabetes

In this education program through Vividh Bharati (All India Radio), Dr. Sunil Gupta explained in detail that diabetes is a multifactorial disease that can affect multiple organs including the eyes, nerves, liver, kidneys, heart, and even sexual health. He highlighted that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), sleep disturbances, frozen shoulder, and sexual dysfunction are among the common complications associated with diabetes.  He elaborated that diabetes medications—such as Metformin, Glitazones, and SGLT2 inhibitors—work in different ways: some drugs like sulfonylureas increase insulin secretion, others improve insulin sensitivity, while some help eliminate excess sugar through urine. Dr. Gupta clarified that starting medication does not necessarily mean lifelong dependency; if blood sugar levels remain under good control, the dosage can be reduced under dose monitoring or, in some cases, the medication can be stopped under medical supervision.  Concluding his address, he emphasized that “the true treatment of diabetes is not just controlling blood sugar but taking care of the whole body through a disciplined and healthy lifestyle.”  Expert- Dr Sunil Gupta  Anchor- Mrs. Shraddha Bharadwaj  Podcast: 22/02/2019  Recorded at: Akashwani Nagpur  Episode: 87

Dr. Sunil Gupta explained that Type 2 Diabetes is a multifactorial disorder, influenced by several interconnected factors such as genetics, obesity, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, and stress. He highlighted that even people who appear lean or fit can develop diabetes due to visceral fat—the hidden fat that accumulates around internal organs and disrupts metabolism. Dr. Gupta elaborated that unexplained weight loss in diabetes often occurs when insulin deficiency causes glucose to be excreted through urine. However, he cautioned that persistent or sudden weight loss may sometimes signal other underlying conditions such as tuberculosis or cancer and should not be ignored. He also discussed sarcopenia—the loss of muscle mass commonly seen in people with diabetes—and emphasized the importance of sufficient protein intake, muscle-building resistance exercise, regular physical activity, and a well-balanced diet in preserving muscle strength and metabolic health. Proper exercise, he noted, improves insulin sensitivity and overall blood sugar control. Concluding his address, Dr. Gupta warned that individuals whose blood sugar levels remain above 180 mg/dL (HbA1c > 7%) for long periods are at higher risk of weight loss and other severe complications. He urged everyone to adopt a proactive lifestyle with mindful eating, exercise, and regular medical check-ups for long-term diabetes management. Expert- Dr Sunil Gupta Anchor- Mrs.Kalyani Gokhale Podcast: 3/10/2025 Recorded at: Akashwani Nagpur Episode: 86

In the All India Radio (Vividh Bharati) program, Dr. Sunil Gupta emphasized that effective diabetes management extends beyond medication and relies equally on mental peace, emotional balance, and a positive outlook—what he calls “glycemic happiness.” Stress, anxiety, and depression, he explained, can disrupt blood sugar control and heighten the risk of complications, making emotional well-being a key component of diabetes care. He urged individuals to focus on early detection of prediabetes and to adopt timely lifestyle modifications to delay or even prevent the progression of the disease. Balanced nutrition, regular physical activity, and consistent monitoring, he said, form the foundation of long-term diabetes control. Dr. Gupta also highlighted the worrying trend of diabetes affecting younger age groups, often due to sedentary routines, poor dietary habits, and increasing stress levels. He advised maintaining a positive mindset, staying active, and adhering to regular medical check-ups and prescribed therapy. Awareness and education, he stressed, are vital to empowering individuals to take control of their health. Concluding his message, Dr. Gupta warned that diabetes is a “sweet killer”—a silent condition that can cause serious harm if ignored but can be effectively prevented and managed through awareness, timely intervention, and adopting a disciplined, healthy lifestyle. Expert- Dr Sunil Gupta Anchor- Mrs. Manjusha Ambulkar Podcast: 1/10/2025 Recorded at: Akashwani Nagpur Episode: 85

Dr. Sunil Gupta began his address by extending warm greetings for Navratri and emphasized the importance of maintaining moderation and dietary discipline during festivals. He explained that “low blood sugar” (hypoglycemia) can be more dangerous in elderly individuals and that diabetes management goals should be personalized according to a person's age and associated health conditions. He elaborated on the concepts of “Thrifty Genotype” and “Thrifty Phenotype,” explaining that both our genetic makeup and poor nutrition during pregnancy contribute to the rising burden of diabetes. Addressing the younger generation, he advised adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular physical activity, and effective stress management to reduce the genetic risk. He stated “Genes are the loaded guns, It's the environment which pulls the trigger.” Responding to audience questions, Dr. Gupta provided simple and practical insights on topics such as hypoglycemia, liver and kidney health, and managing low blood sugar. He concluded by stating that awareness, regular check-ups, and a balanced lifestyle are the most effective keys to keeping diabetes under control. Expert- Dr Sunil Gupta Anchor- Mrs.Kalyani Gokhale Podcast: 26/09/2025 Recorded at: Akashwani Nagpur Episode: 84

Dr. Sunil Gupta expressed concern over the growing incidence of diabetes in young Indians, noting that the unique “Indian phenotype” makes the population more prone to central obesity, insulin resistance, and early diabetes compared to Western countries. He explained that while diabetes was earlier common in people in their 50s–60s, it is now increasingly being seen in the 30s and 40s, even among lean or physically active individuals. Contributing factors include high-carb, low-protein diets, sedentary lifestyles, stress, genetic risk, and intrauterine influences on diabetes risk (“sitting is the new smoking” he added). The session further emphasized the need for annual check-ups after age 30–35, awareness of warning signs such as excessive thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, and vision changes, he stressed 150–250 minutes of exercise per week. He also explained different types of diabetes in youth—Type 1, Type 2, and LADA—stressing that early diagnosis and management are crucial. Concluding the talk, Dr. Gupta warned that diabetes is a “silent sweet killer” but can be prevented through timely tests, lifestyle changes, and medical supervision. Expert- Dr Sunil Gupta Anchor- Mrs.Vaidehi Chaware Podcast: 3/09/2025 Recorded at: Akashwani Nagpur Episode: 83

Diabetologist Dr. Sunil Gupta emphasized that managing diabetes goes far beyond just taking medication. He introduced the concept of “glycemic happiness”—the combination of peace of mind and a positive outlook—as a crucial factor in effective blood sugar control. According to him, stress, anxiety, and depression can significantly disrupt glucose levels and increase the risk of diabetes-related complications. He also highlighted the importance of early detection of prediabetes and timely lifestyle interventions, which can help delay and even prevent the onset of diabetes. By maintaining regular monitoring, following a balanced diet, engaging in consistent physical activity, and nurturing mental well-being, individuals can successfully manage the condition over the long term. Dr. Kavita Gupta addressed women's and family-related concerns. She noted that during festivals and special occasions, completely avoiding sweets is not necessary; instead, making healthier choices and practicing portion control is more practical. She suggested simple ways to make traditional delicacies like modaks more nutritious and provided safe-use tips for sugar-free or artificial sweeteners. Dr. Kavita also emphasized the importance of addressing gestational diabetes and women's mental health during pregnancy, stressing that family support plays a crucial role in both. Expert- Dr Sunil Gupta Anchor- Mrs.Kalyani Gokhale Podcast: 29/08/2025 Recorded at: Akashwani Nagpur Episode: 82

Diabetes management during pregnancy, nutrition, and breastfeeding. Maintaining proper blood sugar control is essential for women with pre-existing Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes, as well as those with gestational diabetes. Pre-conception counseling is important to ensure that HbA1c, fasting, and post-meal blood glucose levels are within safe limits, along with monitoring blood pressure, cholesterol, and weight to reduce pregnancy complications. During pregnancy and delivery, insulin doses are carefully adjusted, and breastfeeding initiation is emphasized, as insulin is safe during lactation and helps maintain blood sugar stability. Postpartum, women with gestational diabetes should continue healthy habits to minimize the risk of future diabetes and metabolic disorders. Early detection of mildest form of hyperglycemia and its intensive treatment is mandatory in pregnancy. To protect the growing fetus from diabetes, obesity and other non-communicable diseases in their adult life. This is termed as primordial prevention. This concept also plays an important role in reducing transgenerational diabetes risk. Dietitian Dr. Kavita Gupta provided practical guidance on nutrition for pregnant and lactating women. She highlighted the benefits of high-fiber foods, high protein diet with nuts, seeds, and millets, and encouraged using multi-grain flour for balanced meals. She explained portion control, protein requirements across trimesters, and during lactation, and emphasized incorporating nutrient-dense foods while avoiding excess fats and sugars. Dr. Kavita also discussed the importance of washing vegetables thoroughly, lightly steaming sprouts, and using vitamin-rich foods to enhance absorption. She stressed that supplements are only necessary if a deficiency is confirmed, otherwise balanced diet alone is sufficient. Her advice focused on improving milk quality, maternal and infant health, and sustaining energy levels for mothers during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Expert- Dr Sunil Gupta & Dr Kavita Gupta Anchor- Mrs.Vaidehi Chaware Podcast: 25/07/2025 Recorded at: Akashwani Nagpur Episode: 81

Diabetes is a metabolic risk which weakens immunity, making patients more susceptible to viral, bacterial, and fungal infections, and increasing the severity of illnesses like what we have seen during COVID-19 pandemic. It is important to control blood sugar, blood pressure, cholesterol, and weight to strengthen the body's defense system. Patients should pay attention to medication timing, blood glucose monitoring, and assess hypoglycemia risks. Diabetes-related complications include retinopathy, cataract, glaucoma, gum infections, neuropathy, kidney disease, and cardiovascular risks, highlighting the need for preventive eye checkups, foot care, early recognition of symptoms, and lifestyle modifications such as regular exercise, avoiding smoking/alcohol, and a healthy diet. A practical A–H formula for long-term diabetes care can be followed: ● A is for HbA1c (target < 7%) A1C ● B for blood pressure (target

In this interview guidance was shared on diabetes-related complications and their prevention. It was explained that diabetes weakens the immune system, making patients more vulnerable to viral, bacterial, and fungal infections, which can become severe. COVID-19 was highlighted as a major example of this risk. It was emphasized that regular exercise, healthy diet, and maintaining control over blood sugar, blood pressure, cholesterol, and weight strengthens the body's immunity. On the question of the timing of medication, it was informed that time of consumption of glucose-lowering drugs differs for each drug. Some need to take it before meals, others after or few in between the meal. No changes should be made without consulting a doctor. The use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) was recommended for consistent tracking of blood sugar levels, especially in those people who are on multiple doses of insulin therapy (e.g.T1DM and T2DM on insulin therapy), or those where glucometer readings don't match with HbA1c report, or those with recurring hypoglycemia, unawareness, etc. Expert- Dr Sunil Gupta Anchor- Mrs. Pranjali Bawaskar Podcast: 11/07/2025 Recorded at: Akashwani Nagpur Episode: 79

At the beginning of the program, Dr. Sunil Gupta explained that the complications of diabetes are of two types: acute complications, such as hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) and diabetic ketoacidosis especially in Type 1DM, both of which can cause sudden and immediate danger. Chronic complications develop slowly over time and affect the eyes, kidneys, heart, brain, and nerves. Hypoglycemia occurs when blood sugar falls below 70 mg/dl, and the main causes could be drug-induced, like insulin or sulfonylurea group of drugs, skipping of the meal, excessive exercise, vomiting or diarrhea, and due to use of drugs like painkillers (analgesics) or a few antibiotics along with glucose-lowering drugs. However, the risk of hypoglycemia has become lower with the use of newer medications compared to older ones. In response to audience questions, it was emphasized that the decision to stop or reduce medication should always be made under the supervision of a doctor. People with prediabetes (HbA1c 5.7–6.4%) can often avoid developing diabetes altogether through timely lifestyle changes. If diabetes runs in the family, the risk of children developing it at an early age is significantly higher. The importance of an annual health check-up covering the eyes, heart, kidneys, and feet was stressed, described as the “greatest gift” a person with diabetes can give themselves is of “Good Health.” When anemia coexists with diabetes, fatigue and complications tend to worsen, making it essential to identify the underlying cause and provide treatment. In cases of leg pain or neuropathy, vitamin deficiencies, blood vessel health, and side effects of a few medicines like statin should all be carefully evaluated. Expert- Dr Sunil Gupta Anchor- Mrs. Kalyani Gokhale  Podcast: 27/06/2025 Recorded at: Akashwani Nagpur Episode: 78

Diabetes is a condition in which the body cannot regulate blood sugar properly. There are different types of diabetes, each with unique causes and treatment needs. Type 1 diabetes usually occurs in children or young people when the pancreas stops producing insulin completely, making lifelong insulin injections necessary. Type 2 diabetes, more common in adults but increasingly seen in children, occurs when insulin is produced but does not work effectively due to insulin resistance. It may initially be controlled through diet, exercise, and tablets, but many patients eventually require insulin. Gestational diabetes typically develops during pregnancy and often disappears after delivery, yet both the mother and child remain at higher risk of developing diabetes later. Secondary diabetes can occur due to pancreatic infections, steroid use, alcohol, or chronic pancreatitis etc. Another form, known as NODAT (New Onset Diabetes After Transplant), has also been identified. Malnutrition-related diabetes (Type 5) arises when poor maternal nutrition during pregnancy prevents proper development of the child's pancreas, leading to early beta cell failure in adult life. A condition called “double diabetes” is also seen when children with Type 1 diabetes develop the features of Type 2 due to obesity. Diagnosis for Type 1DM often involves a C-peptide test, which measures how much insulin the body is still making. Importantly, early and strict sugar control provides lasting benefits, known as the Legacy Effect and Good Glycemic Memory, helping prevent complications of the kidney, heart, eyes, nerves, and other organs in subsequent years of life. Good glucose control also keeps mitochondria healthy, ensuring better long-term health. In addition, new GLP-1 analogs such as Tirzepatide and Semaglutide have shown benefits for weight reduction and organ protection, though they should only be taken under medical guidance. Expert- Dr Sunil Gupta Anchor- Mrs. Purva Kulkarni Podcast: 13/06/2025 Recorded at: Akashwani Nagpur Episode: 77

The relationship between diabetes and obesity was explained in simple terms, highlighting how excess weight leads to insulin resistance. As obesity increases, the effect of insulin in the body decreases. To compensate, the pancreatic beta cells have to work harder to maintain normal blood sugar. Over time, this constant strain on beta cells causes beta cell fatigue and eventual failure. Insulin is secreted from beta cells in two phases. The first phase of insulin release covers the postprandial spike of glucose, while the second phase continues its action for 4–6 hours. In type 1 diabetes, both these phases of insulin release are absent, which is why insulin replacement becomes absolutely necessary. While in T2DM, the first phase of insulin is lost, causing postprandial hyperglycemia. Dr. Gupta emphasized that HbA1c alone cannot provide a complete picture of diabetes control. While it reflects the average sugar level, it does not capture dangerous fluctuations. Glycemic variability—frequent ups and downs in sugar—poses a high risk, and therefore continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is extremely valuable. CGM not only shows the average but also the trends and time-in-range, helping patients and doctors achieve better stability. Dr. Kavita Gupta mainly focused on lifestyle and diet management. She explained the benefits of intermittent fasting and early dinner, pointing out that heavy meals late at night increase both sugar and weight. She suggested the “plate method” of eating: half the plate vegetables, one-fourth pulses or proteins, and one-fourth complex carbohydrates. She emphasized salads, sprouts, yogurt, and the importance of portion control. Addressing common confusion about fruits, she clarified that diabetic people can safely eat seasonal fruits in moderation, as long as juices are avoided and quantity/timing are considered. She also recommended a light “pre-dinner snack” such as fruit between lunch and dinner to prevent hypoglycemia and curb junk food cravings. Her overall message was clear: balanced diet, correct timing, and mindful eating are essential pillars of diabetes care. Expert- Dr Sunil Gupta & Dr Kavita Gupta Anchor- Mrs. Kalyani Gokhale Podcast: 23/05/2025 Recorded at: Akashwani Nagpur Episode: 76

Obesity is one of the strongest risk factors for type 2 diabetes. Around 60–70% of people with diabetes are either obese or overweight. For Indians, even a BMI above 23 is considered overweight, above 25 obese, and above 30 morbidly obese. Excess body fat, especially inside the abdomen (visceral fat), increases insulin resistance, forcing the pancreas to work harder to maintain normal blood sugar. The pancreas does this through its beta cells, which normally keep glucose between 70–140 mg/dL. But repeated exposure to high-calorie, high-sugar, low-fiber diets puts these cells under constant strain. Over time, beta cells become fatigued and begin to fail. By the time fasting blood sugar reaches 126 mg/dL—the cut-off for diabetes—nearly half to two-thirds of beta cells are already lost. Preserving the remaining cells is therefore of utmost importance. Lifestyle changes are the most effective way to protect beta cells. Regular exercise, a healthy diet, and maintaining normal weight reduce the workload on the pancreas. Indians require at least 250 minutes of brisk walking per week, compared to 150 minutes for Caucasians. Avoiding sweets, fried foods, and excess fat, while ensuring adequate hydration (1.5–2 liters per day), is equally important. Medications that overstress beta cells should be used cautiously to avoid accelerating their decline. Protecting beta cells through lifestyle, diet, regular exercise, and the use of a few drugs (SGLT2i, GLP-1a, etc.), which help protect beta cells, delay their aging, and improve their secretory function, is essential for a healthy future for people with diabetes. Technology is the key to delaying complications and living healthier with diabetes. Expert- Dr Sunil Gupta Anchor- Mrs. Kalyani Gokhale Recorded on: 20/05/2025 Recorded at: Akashwani Nagpur

When your body begins to lose its ability to respond to insulin effectively, this condition is known as insulin resistance. It places extra pressure on the beta cells of the pancreas, which are responsible for keeping blood sugar levels between 70 to 140 mg/dL. In a healthy individual, even after consuming something sweet—for example, mango juice—blood sugar gets automatically controlled through the quick response of beta cells, which release extra insulin to restore normal glucose levels. However, frequent consumption of high-calorie, high-sugar, or fatty foods significantly increases the workload on these beta cells. Over time, this constant strain can impair their function, disrupt the body's glucose regulation, and eventually lead to diabetes. Importantly, diabetes is not just a “sugar problem”—it is also a vascular disease. It damages both large and small blood vessels throughout the body: - Large vessel complications include heart attacks (coronary artery disease), strokes (cerebrovascular disease), and leg artery blockages (peripheral artery disease), which can lead to gangrene. - Small vessel complications affect the eyes (diabetic retinopathy), kidneys (diabetic nephropathy), and nerves (diabetic neuropathy), damaging delicate blood vessels of these target organs and impairing vital filtering mechanisms.   Thus, diabetes is a chronic, systemic condition that impacts the entire vascular system and requires a comprehensive approach for prevention and management. Expert- Dr Sunil Gupta Anchor- Purva Kulkarni Recorded on: 24/04/2025 Recorded at: Akashwani Nagpur

Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) can be more dangerous than hyperglycemia (high blood sugar), especially because it can lead to immediate and life-threatening situations. While high sugar levels over time can damage organs and increase the risk of complications, a sudden drop in glucose can impair brain function, cause unconsciousness, seizures, stroke and even be fatal if not treated promptly. This is where Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) systems have become a game-changer. Although traditional glucometers are still widely used, especially by individuals who take insulin three to four times a day, CGMs offer a more convenient and accurate option. Many people on insulin therapy are advised to check their blood sugar at least three times daily — which isn't always easy. CGMs solve this by offering real-time tracking and alerts via your smartphone. Worn on the arm or abdomen, CGMs can be programmed to alert you when your glucose levels begin to drop. For instance, if you set an alert at 90 mg/dL, the device might warn you at 88 mg/dL, giving you enough time to take action. This is especially beneficial for those with hypoglycemia unawareness, where symptoms are no longer felt even at dangerously low levels. It is also important to know that if someone has one episode of hypoglycemia, his risk of developing 2nd episode of hypo is higher and during this 2nd / 3rd hypo, the threshold for symptoms of recognition may go further low, this is known as Hypoglycemia-Associated Autonomic Failure (HAAF), can worsen with repeated episodes. Thus, we should avoid recurrent hypoglycemia episodes. To stay safe, especially for those new to diabetes care, never go more than 3.5 to 4 hours without eating. Even if you're not hungry, regular small meals are essential. Prioritize your health — and don't hesitate to communicate your needs at work or school. Expert - Dr. Sunil Gupta Anchor – Ms. Kalyani Gokhale Recorded on: 28/03/2025 Recorded at: Akashwani Nagpur

Finland ranks as the happiest country, while our happiness index has dropped. To be in the top ten, we need to improve significantly. This shift highlights the concept of glycemic happiness in diabetes, where the psychosocial aspects are often overlooked. Most diabetes awareness programs focus on molecular treatments, driven by commercial interests, with no "pill" for happiness. Diabetes management varies by type. Children with Type 1 diabetes often require multiple insulin injections daily—sometimes four, five, or even six times—depending on their needs. In Type 2 diabetes, beta cells in the pancreas partially deteriorate, but some still function. Treatment typically starts with oral medications, and insulin is introduced if necessary. In India, where carbohydrate-rich diets are common, managing postprandial blood sugar is challenging. To address this, a combination of short-acting (Rapid acting) and long-acting insulin is preferred to maintain effective blood sugar control. There are few oral medications which also help to manage post-meal blood sugar levels. Beyond physical health, the emotional impact of diabetes can lead to distress or depression, highlighting the need for greater focus on diabetes-related happiness and well-being. This can be achieved through education, awareness counselling with psychologist, psychotherapist at different stages of the triggering factors of stress. Expert: Dr. Sunil Gupta Anchor: Ms. Pranjali Bawaskar Recorded on: 21/03/2025 Recorded at: Akashwani Nagpur

During extreme stress, the body releases counter-regulatory hormones like adrenaline, growth hormone, and cortisol, which raise blood sugar levels. While insulin lowers sugar, these hormones can counteract its effects. For instance, a person experiencing a heart attack may initially see a drop-in blood sugar, but it later stabilizes. Some may need insulin temporarily before managing diabetes through diet alone. Before fasting, it is crucial to consult a doctor, just as one would before surgery. Certain diabetes medications, especially insulin and sulfonylurea tablets, increase the risk of hypoglycemia, particularly during prolonged fasting of 12–14 hours. Low blood sugar can be severe, requiring careful monitoring. However, advancements in diabetes treatment have introduced newer medications that reduce this risk, allowing safer fasting for diabetics. Proper medical guidance ensures balanced blood sugar levels, minimizing complications. Dr. Kavita Gupta highlights the vital role of women as the foundation of a family. She stresses the importance of proper nutrition from adolescence, as many young girls today follow unhealthy diets influenced by social media. A balanced diet with dal, rice, and vegetables is essential for growth, development, and future maternal health. She also emphasizes mindful eating during fasting. For Sehri, she recommends nutritious foods like milk or porridge, while Iftar should start with dates and plenty of water. She advises against fried and oily foods, encouraging fresh vegetables and wholesome meals for overall well-being. Expert: Dr. Sunil Gupta & Dr. Kavita Gupta Anchor: Kalyani Gokhale Recorded on: 28/02/2025 Recorded at: Akashwani Nagpur

Diabetes is a growing concern, particularly among younger individuals. It is a condition where the body either doesn't produce enough insulin or/and becomes resistant to insulin. Type 1 diabetes, is diagnosed in childhood and is now being seen in children which can be as young as at six months age. On the other hand, Type 2 diabetes, which was traditionally observed in adults aged 50-70, is increasingly affecting people between the ages of 20 and 40 years. People diagnosed at young age have longer life span and thus they need to remain more cautious for their blood glucose, blood pressure, cholesterol & weight control targets. To remain complication free for 30-40 years, they need to be more alert than others. Diet plays a significant role in managing diabetes. The glycemic index (GI) of foods affects how quickly sugar enters the bloodstream. Foods with a high GI, such as simple carbohydrates, can cause rapid spikes in blood sugar levels, while foods with a low GI, like complex carbohydrates, lead to slower, more controlled blood sugar rises. To manage diabetes, it's essential to focus on portion control, limit sugary foods, and incorporate healthy, balanced meals. Expert: Dr. Sunil Gupta Anchor: Pranjali Bawaskar Recorded on: 31/01/2025 Recorded at: Akashwani Nagpur

The beta cells of the pancreas are responsible for producing insulin, a hormone essential for regulating blood sugar levels. When these beta cells become damaged, insulin production declines, leading to impaired glucose metabolism. As a result, glucose, which is needed for energy, accumulates instead of being properly utilized by the liver, adipose tissue, and muscles. Without sufficient insulin, blood sugar levels rise, potentially leading to diabetes. Additionally, environmental factors such as obesity and stress contribute to the risk of diabetes. Maintaining a healthy diet and regular exercise can help safeguard against these issues. If you have a family history of diabetes—such as parents, grandparents, uncles, or aunts—it is crucial to minimize environmental stressors to protect your health. Addressing obesity can significantly reduce the risk of future complications. So Genes are the loaded Guns….. Environment pulls the trigger. Expert: Dr. Sunil Gupta Anchor: Swati Huddar Recorded on: 24/01/2025 Recorded at: Akashwani Nagpur

We Should concentrate on pregnancy, her healthy nutrition, dietary habits, dietary quality, biochemical parameters, and obesity; by focusing on these aspects, we can protect future generations from diabetes. Currently, if we prioritize fetal health, we have the potential to shield future generations from diabetes. Regarding type 2 diabetes, as you inquired, the initial phase of insulin release does not occur properly in this condition, which means the beta cells struggle to release insulin effectively, resulting in postprandial hyperglycemia and excess sugar being released from the liver, causes fasting hyperglycemia. Dr. Kavita Gupta highlights that high carbohydrate intake from foods like wheat, rice, and jaggery contributes to elevated sugar levels. To manage this, adjusting meal order and portion sizes can help. Start meals with fiber-rich foods like salads and vegetables, followed by protein sources like pulses, eggs, or lean meats, and then consume roti or rice. Using smaller plates divided into sections—half for vegetables and the rest split between protein and carbohydrates—ensures balanced nutrition. This approach reduces carb intake, prevents sugar spikes, and supports weight management, making it an effective strategy for diabetes control and overall health. Podcast 10/01/2025 Anchor – Purva Kulkarni Expert - Dr. Sunil Gupta & Dr. Kavita Gupta Recorded on: 10/01/2025 Recorded at: Akashwani Nagpur Episode: 68 Priorities fetal health to shield future generation from diabetes.

Maintaining a healthy weight, eating nutritious foods, and avoiding fast food are key to reducing the risk of diabetes. Currently, nearly one in four adults over 18 is living with diabetes. Women are especially vulnerable during pregnancy due to hormonal changes, making regular screening crucial. Consulting a doctor ensures tailored guidance for managing gestational diabetes effectively. Uncontrolled blood sugar levels pose serious risks during surgery. While sterile procedures generally avoid infections, high blood sugar can delay healing, increase infection risks, and complicate recovery. In surgeries like bypass operations, infected stitches may lead to scarring or further complications. Stabilizing blood sugar before surgery and maintaining it during anaesthesia are vital for safe outcomes. Gestational diabetes results from hormones like human placental lactogen (HPL) reducing insulin effectiveness. During pregnancy, the pancreas must produce up to 50% more insulin to meet rising demands. If beta cells cannot keep up, blood sugar levels rise, stressing the body and increasing diabetes risk. High blood sugar damages nerves, impairing their function and delaying wound healing due to reduced immunity. Nerve damage often starts symmetrically but may affect only one foot. Managing blood sugar is essential for nerve health, faster healing, and preventing infections Recorded on: 11.12.2024 Recorded at: Akashwani Nagpur

Nervous system is responsible for multiple functions of our body. It is divided into peripheral nervous system (PNS) & central nervous system (CNS). The PNS has motor and sensory component, while the motor system consists of Autonomic (Involuntary) and somatic (Voluntary). Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) controls our urinary bladder functioning, which if affected can cause reduction of urinary bladder contractibility causing post void retention of urine in bladder, increase frequency of urination & recurrent UTI. Water intake may need to be restricted in people with poor pumping capacity of heart or kidney failure or any having any other condition with fluid overload. To maintain overall health, focus on walking more, getting adequate sleep, and staying positive. A cheerful attitude and smiling can contribute to your well-being and that of your loved ones, ensuring a healthier future for everyone. Recorded on: 29.11.2024 Recorded at: Akashwani Nagpur

Pre-diabetes marks the initial phase of diabetes. A fasting blood sugar level below 110 mg/dL is considered normal. If it ranges from 110 to 126 mg/dL, you are classified as pre-diabetic. The Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) involves consuming 75 grams of glucose, followed by a blood sugar test two hours later. A result below 140 mg/dL is normal, while a range of 140 to 199 mg/dL indicates pre-diabetes. Additionally, HbA1c levels provide long-term insights into blood sugar control. Levels below 5.7% is normal, 5.7% to 6.4% indicate pre-diabetes, and 6.5% or higher signify diabetes. All people with diabetes cases progress through the pre-diabetes stage. World Diabetes Day and Awareness World Diabetes Day is celebrated on November 14th, coinciding with the birthday of Frederick Banting, the discoverer of insulin. This global initiative, led by the International Diabetes Federation, promotes awareness with an annual theme. The 2024–2026 theme focuses on Diabetes and Well-Being, and the 2024 sub-theme emphasizes Breaking Barriers, Bridging Gaps, highlighting the importance of a fulfilling life alongside managing diabetes. Gestational Diabetes and Pregnancy Hormones During pregnancy, placental hormones like human placental lactogen, (HPL), progesterone and estrogen increase insulin resistance by over 50%, impairing insulin's effectiveness. Typically, if someone's pancreas is producing about 50 units of insulin daily, during pregnancy, it may need 75–80 units per 24hr. If beta cells cannot meet this increased demand of pregnancy, blood sugar levels rises, leading to gestational diabetes. A glucose challenge test with 75 grams of glucose, followed by a blood sugar measurement after two hours, acts as a stress test for beta cell function. Levels below 140 mg/dL are normal, while levels above 140 indicate gestational diabetes. Early detection and management are crucial to ensure a healthy baby's birth. Recorded on: 8.11.2024 Recorded at: Akashwani Nagpur

People with Diabetes are more prone to infections like pneumonia due to weakened immunity, which worsens with prolonged, unmanaged diabetes, especially with age. Vaccinations, such as the pneumococcal 13 vaccine followed by a booster with pneumococcal-23 after 1 year, are essential in reducing the risk of secondary infections, although they do not address allergies. Obesity significantly contributes to diabetes and related conditions like hypertension, high cholesterol, sleep apnea, and certain cancers etc. In India, obesity affects 40-70% of the population, paralleling global trends. Addressing obesity holistically can prevent diabetes and reduce the risk of multiple health issues. Dr. Kavita Gupta emphasizes that pre-diabetics can reverse their condition through lifestyle changes. A balanced diet with vegetables, lentils, whole grains, and fiber is key, along with maintaining a healthy weight. Regular physical activity and limiting screen time are equally important to combat sedentary habits. These measures can help transition from pre-Diabetes to non-Diabetes status. In summary, managing diabetes involves vaccinations, healthy eating, weight control, and physical activity. These proactive steps prevent nerve damage, complications of diabetes, and address obesity, improving overall health and quality of life. Recorded on: 25.10.2024 Recorded at: Akashwani Nagpur

Stress hormones are released immediately during challenging situations, making stress a significant yet subjective experience. These stress hormones increase insulin resistance & cause hyperglycemia unlike physical weight, stress cannot be quantified—it varies for everyone, making it a deeply personal phenomenon. Uncontrolled blood sugar can lead to complications like early-onset cataracts, often appearing as early as 45 or 50, especially in diabetics. Retinal issues and glaucoma are also common, emphasizing the need for annual eye exams. People with Diabetes should inform their doctors and prioritize regular evaluations to detect and manage potential eye complications effectively. Awareness promoted by the government and media highlights the importance of vaccinations. A disease Herpes zoster or shingles can affect individuals with diabetes. This virus resides in everyone but becomes active when the immune system weakens. Fortunately, a vaccine with 90% efficacy is available for those over 50. Administered in two doses, the first dose is followed by the second after two months, within a six-month window. Adult vaccination schedules should include common vaccines such as hepatitis B, pneumococcal, influenza, and herpes zoster. Evaluations for neuropathy (nerve damage) and vasculopathy (blood vessel damage) are also critical. Neuropathy affects nerves, while vasculopathy leads to arterial damage. Dr. Kavita Gupta advises caution during fasting, as starchy foods like potatoes and sabudana can spike blood sugar levels. Instead, opt for foods with a low glycemic index to avoid sugar surges. Increase fiber intake while avoiding sugar and jaggery. Common fasting foods like halwa, sago vada, and khichdi can elevate sugar levels. A better alternative is incorporating salads, roasted chickpeas, lemon water, small amounts of coconut water, or fresh coconut. Bhagar (a low glycemic index grain) combined with vegetables like tomatoes, peas, and carrots is beneficial. Including protein and lean meat can further improve dietary balance. Recorded on: 11.10.2024 Recorded at: Akashwani Nagpur

The alarming trend shows that every 5th or 6th pregnant woman in India is diagnosed with diabetes, highlighting an urgent need for interventions and enhanced medical treatments. Approximately 24% of adults (Above 18yrs age) in India are affected by dysglycemia (Diabetes & Prediabetes) which, considering the adult population exceeding 90 crores, this indirectly suggests that nearly every 4th & 5th woman of child bearing potential is likely to be having some from of dysglycemia, which itself is a risk factor for Gestational & Pre-gestational diabetes. Uncontrolled diabetes during pregnancy can lead to severe complications, including miscarriage, larger fetal size, and an increased likelihood of the child developing diabetes and obesity in their future life. Notably, the first 6-8 weeks of pregnancy are crucial, as the baby's all organs like brain, heart, lungs GI tracts, limbs etc. get fully formed by this time. Instability in a mother's blood sugar levels during this period can lead to potential organ defects. While infants may appear healthy at birth, they could face health challenges later due to uncontrolled blood glucose of gestation. Recorded on: 27.09.2024 Recorded at: Akashwani Nagpur Anchor : Purva Kulkarni Speaker : Dr. Sunil Gupta

With nearly 40 years of medical experience, I often encounter questions about sugar consumption. My consistent advice is to avoid sweets and focus on managing blood sugar levels, as poor glycemic control can weaken the overall immune system and may trigger infections & other chronic complications. Basal bolus therapy is the best insulin regimen, specially for type 1DM. It involves taking prandial insulin three times daily with meals and administering basal insulin once or twice daily, depending on individual needs. The dose is typically calculated based on body weight and blood glucose readings. Using Continuous Glucose Monitors (CGMs) helps track blood sugar fluctuations. Uncontrolled blood sugar can lead to serious complications affecting various organs, including the eyes, kidneys, heart, brain and nerves. Diabetic neuropathy, often referred to as "dry skin syndrome," can cause significant discomfort and pain, including symptoms like burning feet numbness, tingling, insensitive feet etc. Managing blood sugar is crucial in preventing neuropathy. Deficiencies of vitamins like D3 and B12 may experience symptoms of sensory neuropathy. Medications like pregabalin or gabapentin if prescribed by certified registered practitioner can provide relief for neuropathic pain. Recorded on: 13.09.2024 Recorded at: Akashwani Nagpur Anchor : Purva Kulkarni Speaker : Dr. Sunil Gupta

One should know that type 2 DM is not only caused by beta cell dysfunction of pancreas. There are eight different organs of body involved in the pathophysiology of T2 DM. 1. Beta cells of pancreas, that they don't produce enough insulin. 2. Alpha cells of pancreas produce disproportionately high glucagon as there is poor suppression of glucagon in the post meal phase, causing post prandial hyperglycemia. 3. Liver produces extra glucose causing high fasting blood glucose. 4. Skeletal muscles have poor uptake of glucose, which increases blood glucose. 5. Adipose tissue produces higher fatty acid. 6. Incretin hormone from intestine also show dysregulation (GLPl & GIP) 7. Kidney increase glucose reabsorption from proximal convoluted tubules 8. Brains satiety centers show dysregulation. 9. Thus, while treating a case of T2 DM, we should address all Eight Arms of, So called “Ominous Octet”. Recorded at Akashwani Nagpur on the 30th August 2024 Anchor – Kalyani Gokhale Speaker – Dr. Sunil Gupta

The piece underscores the critical need for early blood sugar control to prevent long-term diabetes complications. Elevated blood sugar can harm organs such as the brain, eyes, heart, nerves and kidneys etc. With 20-30% of adults developing diabetes in a very young age, it is essential to manage blood sugar early to avoid the formation of Advanced Glycation End products (AGEs), which can Cause chronic complications of diabetes. Maintaining healthy blood sugar levels, cholesterol, and blood pressure heathy diet, exercise, managing stress, taking good sleep, and avoiding smoking and alcohol, is crucial. The "Hello Diabetes" campaign promotes primary and primordial prevention, encouraging healthy habits in children and pregnant women to reduce future risk of diabetes. Follow key management recommendations of “ABCDEFGH” formula: ● A: To Keep A1C levels under 7%. ● B: To Maintain Blood Pressure less than 130/80 mm of Hg . ● C: Control LDL Cholesterol below 100 mg/dl and aim to bring is below 70 mg/dl ● D: Follow a Healthy Diet. ● E: Exercise for ~ 250 minutes per week. ● F: Frequent blood glucose monitoring. ● G: Engage in Good quality education programs. ● H: Stay Happy always. Recorded at Akashwani Nagpur on the 9th August 2024. Expert: Dr. Sunil Gupta Anchor: Producer: Vijay Rajput

Management of Diabetes is like a table supported by four essential pillars: Diet, Exercise, Medications, and Monitoring, but this table is incomplete without a table top which is “Education”. Of these four pillars one of them is glucose monitoring which plays a critical role, typically done through three methods: 1. Glucometers: Capillary blood glucose monitoring involves using a glucometer for precise measurements, which can differ slightly from venous blood levels. Evert PWD's should learn Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose (SMBG), this requires individuals to use a glucometer at home for informed insulin dosage decisions. 2. HbA1c Monitoring: Measures long-term glucose levels, with an ideal level below 5.7% for non-diabetics. 3. Continuous Glucose Monitoring System (CGMS): Emerging technologies in glucose monitoring include interstitial glucose monitoring with sensors that provide real-time data for up to 15 days, allowing for better management of blood sugar spikes. Invasive methods, such as implantable sensors and non innovative devices like glucose-monitoring watches and contact lenses, promise to enhance convenience in diabetes management in future. Dietary considerations are significant, especially regarding the glycemic index (GI) of foods like rice, which affects blood glucose levels. Consulting a dietitian for portion sizes tailored to individual needs is recommended. Recorded at Akashwani Nagpur on the 26th July 2024. Expert: Dr. Sunil Gupta Anchor: Swati Huddar Producer: Vijay Rajput

Everyone should be aware of the fact that “Diabetes increases the infection and infection increases the diabetes. Thus, both need intensive management strategies simultaneously. People with Diabetes must take special care of themselves, just like we care for our family members. Diabetes can be thought of as a child with slightly lower immunity, especially during the rainy season when the risk of infections—whether bacterial, fungal, or viral—rises significantly. To manage diabetes effectively during any active infection Basal Bolus Insulin Therapy is one of the best treatment regimens. Basal insulin provides steady, consistent insulin whether food is consumed or not, while bolus Insulin helps to manage blood sugar levels after eating. Despite common myths, insulin is a safe and powerful treatment, often outperforming oral medications. During the monsoon, primary prevention is key—maintaining hygiene and avoiding outside junk or processed foods is crucial. Even minor symptoms like fever, cold, or cough should prompt immediate consultation with a doctor, as small infections can quickly escalate into serious conditions. Proper blood glucose management is essential for infection prevention, and adult vaccination, including the pneumococcal, influenza, hepatitis B, and herpes zoster vaccines, plays a vital role in safeguarding people with diabetes' health. Recorded: Akashvani Nagpur Anchor - Swati Huddar Speaker - Dr. Sunil Gupta Producer: Vijay Rajput

This podcast was being broadcasted live from the venue Hotel of Hello Diabetes Academia 2024 at Ramdaspeth, Nagpur featuring insights from Dr. V. Mohan (Padma Shri), Dr. Shashank Joshi (Padma Shri), Dr. Vijay Vishwanathan, and Dr. Sunil Gupta. Diabetes management is a costly endeavor, and the financial burden increases significantly with complications affecting vital organs like the kidneys, heart, brain, liver, and nerves. These complications can also place a heavy strain on families and may lead to severe outcomes, including death. Therefore, Dr. Vijay Vishwanathan emphasized the importance of focusing on prevention rather than solely addressing complications. This involves both primary prevention to avert the onset of diabetes and secondary prevention to manage complications if diabetes is already present. Dr. V. Mohan highlighted that while medicine contributes only 10% to diabetes management, education and awareness play a crucial role, accounting for 80-90%. Effective management involves adhering to the ABC mantras—HbA1c, Blood Pressure, and Cholesterol—and maintaining discipline through diet, exercise, and lifestyle adjustments. Dr. Shashank Joshi advocated for a healthy lifestyle, including regular physical activity, adequate sleep, and mindful eating, to prevent and manage diabetes. He also points out the importance of addressing asymptomatic complications and managing sugar cravings through consistent lifestyle changes. Dr. Sunil Gupta emphasized upon getting connected to people at large through such education programs. “People who knows the most... Live longest” he added the quote of Prof. Elliott Joslin who is known as the father of Diabetes in the World. Speaker: Dr. V. Mohan, Dr. Shashank Joshi, Dr. Vijay Vishwanathan and Dr. Sunil Gupta Anchor: Purva Kulkarni Producer: Vijay Rajput

While there are many varieties of salt available, it's crucial to focus on how much we consume, especially for those with high blood pressure or kidney issues, who should limit their intake to about 3 grams daily. Although all salts contain similar sodium and potassium levels, rock salt offers additional micronutrients, making it a healthier option when used in moderation. Frozen shoulder is another concern, particularly for people with uncontrolled diabetes, as it restricts shoulder movement and causes significant pain. Physiotherapy, often required for 3-4 months, is the best treatment and should be applied to both shoulders to prevent recurrence, highlighting the importance of blood sugar management and avoiding painkillers. During the monsoon season, it's essential to choose healthier foods, such as green tea, steamed vegetables, fiber-rich foods, and soups, rather than high-calorie fried items. The lockdown period showed that those who maintained good diabetes control experienced fewer complications, underscoring that diabetes itself isn't harmful—it's the lack of discipline and neglect in managing health that poses risks. With proper care and consistent healthy, dietary and lifestyle habits, managing diabetes effectively becomes more achievable. Recorded on 28/06/2024

Snoring is often being mistaken for a deep sleep, but it is not true. Snoring can be a sign of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA), which is a risk factor for diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, obesity, infertility perioperative complications etc. Adequate sound sleep of 6-8 hours is essential for a good health. Uncontrolled blood sugar & blood pressure in people with diabetes with OSA can automatically be managed to a large extent with the adequate treatment of OSA. Lifestyle modification, regular exercise, weight reduction and the use of C-PAD plays a key role in the management of OSA and Diabetes.

Though, prevalence of diabetes is almost similar in two genders, women with past history of gestational diabetes mellitus, women with post –partum weight gain, post menopausal women etc. have higher risk of developing diabetes, obesity and other cardiovascular complications. Thus, women with diabetes should practice healthy eating habits, should do regular blood glucose monitoring, proper monitoring of other target organs and should regular practice exercise. Working women can carry healthy dry snacks like nuts, makhana, sprouts etc. in place of unhealthy and fried snacks. Young mother should avoid alcohol to avoid further complication.“If you educate a Man, you educate a Man, but if you educate a Woman, you educate the Generation” added Dr. Sunil Gupta in his concluding remark.Recorded on 10/5/2024

People at large know, that alcohol causes liver damage and few are also aware of having liver injury due to viral infection (Hepatitis / Jaundice). But, very few people know that 50 to 70% of People with Type 2 Diabetes can develop fatty liver due to uncontrolled blood glucose and / or obesity. Unfortunately, few of them may progress to cirrhosis of liver, and rarely Hepatocellular Carcinoma (Cancer of Liver) Long- standing uncontrolled diabetes increases the risk of small and large vessel diseases involving kidney, eyes, nerves, heart brain & feet. But, do you know that people with Pre- diabetes have higher chances of developing macro vascular (big vessel) disease. So, life style modification is the key to success. Alcohol and tobacco in any form should be stopped completely. Finally, To protect your Liver heart, kidney, eyes and other organs keep your blood sugar, cholesterol, blood pressure, and weight under control. Recorded 26/04/2024.

Summer has Started. All of us will be planning to travel to some places. People with Diabetes should practice smart travelling. Some precautions should be taken, when you are travelling with Diabetes. While Travelling, always carry extra medicines, your Diabetes Identity Card, Glucometer, Ketone strips, healthy snacks & the most important is to visit your Doctor, get your all necessary tests done and take consent of your Doctor for the safe travelling. Regularly monitor your blood glucose even when you are travelling, Check for Hypoglycemia Carry Sports Shoes, Copy of your medical File, drugs for first aid care etc. Keep your medicines in the handbag. Insulin should not be kept in checked in luggage while travelling by air. Similarly during car travel avoid storing insulin in glove box, as the engine temperature, might affect the quality of insulin. Similarly, avoid exposure of insulin to direct sunlight. Simple precautions will help you to enjoy the safe travel. Recorded on 12.04.2024.

Holi, the festival of colours can surely be enjoyed by people with diabetes with mindful eating, good glycaemic control and portion control. Diabetes should be managed with 7 basic colors of Holi. First color is Diet, as almost all cases of prediabetes and many cases of diabetes can be managed with diet therapy alone. The second color is Exercise, ie brisk walk daily for 30-40 minutes or 150 minutes per week. Third color is the oral glucose lowering drugs to control blood glucose and can be used as single drug or combination of two or more drugs. Fourth color is the Insulin, when oral drugs alone fail to control diabetes in people with long duration of diabetes, insulin therapy is used in combination with oral drugs to manage blood glucose of people with Type 2 diabetes. Fifth color is the yoga or any meditation to control stress. 6th color is regular monitoring of blood glucose to keep check on your daily glycemic profile. The most important 7th color is the awareness on the evidence based knowledge to live happy colourful & a healthy life with diabetes. Recorded on 22nd March 2024.

Globally 8th March is marked as the “International Women's Day”, while in India 10th March is being recognized as National “Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) Awareness day” on the occasion of birthday of Dr. V. Seshiah (Padmashri), who has done the pioneering work in the field of pregnancy diabetes in our country. High blood glucose in mother during pregnancy enters into foetal circulation which stimulates beta cells of foetus to secret insulin, causing hyperinsulinemia in the developing foetus. This increases the risk of developing non-communicable diseases like diabetes, obesity, hypertension & heart disease in their adolescent & adult life. Early detection & intense treatment of high glucose of pregnancy can save these children from developing diabetes in future, which is termed as “Primordial Prevention”. Thus every pregnant woman should be screened for diabetes at the first antenatal visit. Also, 50% of GDM women develop frank diabetes in 1-5 years after delivery. So, after delivery every GDM women should screen herself for diabetes after 6 weeks, 6 months and then annually to avoid future complications. “If you educate a man, you educate a man but if you educate a woman, you educate the generations,” said Dr. Gupta, on this occasion, while emphasizing upon the mission education of hello diabetes. Recorded on 8th March 2024.

Amongst, known people with diabetes, 50% of them are women. These women are more prone to have hypertension, coronary artery disease stroke, cancer etc., versus non-diabetic women of the same age. Most of the young women with diabetes can get married and get conceived with proper care of blood glucose, blood pressure, cholesterol & weight. But preconception counselling is must and they should visit their diabetologist before getting conceived to take fitness for pregnancy. According to the ICMR data, published in Lancet Journal (2023), 101 million people have diabetes and approximately 140 million have pre-diabetes in India. Almost 50% of these people with pre-diabetes are likely to develop diabetes in next 5-10 years. Thus, it is important for all of us to focus on prevention strategies for this group of people. Recorded on 23rd February 2024.

Traditionally, it is presumed that diabetes, if seen in children and young adults will expectedly a case of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus), while those who develop in middle and old age will be Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. But nowadays, many people are developing Type 2 DM between 20-35 years of age, and due to childhood obesity, Type 2 DM is also seen in the teenagers. There is another type, which is called as 1.5 diabetes, this is a slowly progressing disease, which behaves as Type 2 DM in the beginning but becomes Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus after 1-2 years and they have GAD-65 Antibody positive. It is also called as LADA (Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adult or slow onset Type 1 DM). Serum C-peptide levels, GAD-65 antibody and clinical features that can differentiate Type 1 DM v/s Type 2 DM, when present in young age. Recorded on the 12th January 2024

Sitting is a new Tobacco. If you are sitting for a long time, you are likely to enter into a high risk zone of developing diabetes & other co-morbid diseases. So try to be physically active & if you are in a sitting job, try to get-up and move after every 1 hour. To check whether you are diabetic or not, get your Glycosylated Haemoglobin A1c (GHb%) test or Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) with 75gm of glucose. OGTT is the gold standard for the diagnosis of diabetes, informed Dr. Sunil Gupta. Answering on a query online, Dr. Kavita expressed that calories distribution is different for different person and also depends on whether you are sedentary or moderate or hard worker. While answering a question on millets, she said that people with diabetes may consume millets as they are rich in fibre & micronutrients. The post prandial blood sugar spikes, can be controlled by splitting of meal or changing the order of the meals, she added. Diabetes is your life partner and one should take it's care with utmost personal attention, quoted Dr. Gupta. Recorded on 9th February 2024.

Everyone is aware of Type 1 DM (Insulin dependent diabetes, seen commonly in children) & Type 2 DM (usually seen in adults & majority are controlled on oral drugs & Lifestyle Modification ). Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a kind of diabetes, which appears in the 2nd or 3rd trimester of pregnancy and disappears after delivery. GDM occurs when the woman's beta cells are not able to overcome the antagonism created by the anti-insulin placental hormones of pregnancy. Which causes increase in the blood glucose during pregnancy. Women with a history of GDM are at increased risk of future diabetes; predominately type 2 diabetes, as are their children. Almost every 5th or 6th pregnancy women in India, may have GDM. Diabetes In Pregnancy Study Group of India (DIPSI) recommends fasting or non-fasting Oral Glucose Tolerance Challenge Test with 75g of glucose with a cut-off of ≥ 140 mg/dl after 2-hours, Every pregnant woman should be screened for glucose intolerance in the first trimester itself. If found negative, the screening test is to be performed again at 24th – 28 th week and finally around 32 nd – 34 th week. Once diagnosis is made, Medical Nutritional Therapy (MNT) is advised initially for two weeks. If MNT fails to achieve control i.e., FPG ≥ 90mg/dl and/or 2 hr PPG ≥120mg/dl, oral drugs or insulin may be initiated. Recorded on 28th January 2022.

As the festive season approaches, it is important for people with diabetes (PWD) to celebrate festival with a balance approach. Sankranti is marked by the exchange of a typical sweets (laddu & chikki) made of Til and Gud (Sesame & Jaggery). Sesame seeds (Til) have many benefits to and is good source of iron, magnesium, vit –B, protein, fibre and calcium. Jaggery is rich in iron & has thermogenic effect. PWD should avoid sweets in all such occasions. Rarely if you consume in a very small amount, it should not be taken immediately after the meal, and should be taken 3-4 hrs after the meal. Mindful eating is the success mantra to enjoy festive seasons without disturbing blood sugar level. Monitor blood sugars regularly, stay physically active and stay hydrated. You can do additional exercise to burn the extra calories consumed during celebration of the festival. Recorded January 14, 2022.

Type 2 diabetes is multifactorial ailment. Genes, age, obesity, dietary habits, lifestyle, physical activity and many more factors are responsible for diabetes occurrence. Many people have positive family history (genetic risk), but still don't develop diabetes, because they protect themselves from environmental risk factors. Diet play an important role like, healthy breakfast is very important to start the day- said Dr. Kavita Gupta. She also added seasonal fruits can be taken in moderation if blood sugars are under control. Dr. Sunil & Dr. Kavita Gupta appealed that, every person with diabetes and their caretakers should take a pledge as a part of new year resolution that they will not call themselves as patient, will eat healthy at interval of 3-4, hours will practice regular exercise, take medicines on time, will check my blood glucose at home regularly, will take care of their feet, always carry glucose to avoid low sugars, will carry their Diabetic Identity card, will do regular annual checkups & will educate others for their healthy future. Eat less, walk more, sleep well & smile is the mantra to healthy lifestyle said Dr. Gupta. Broadcasted on: 29/12/23

In India 101 millions people above 18 year age have diabetes & 135 millions have pre diabetes (> 18yrs age) thus, almost every 4th adult have some form of dysglycemia. Earlier data showed that diabetes prevalence in urban people is 10-12% and in rural it is around 6-8 %. Uncontrolled diabetes is mostly associated with complications related to heart, eyes, kidneys, nerves etc. All these complications are preventable through control of blood glucose, blood pressure, lipids & following healthy lifestyle. Type 2 diabetes & pre-diabetes, if detected early, can be prevented by lifestyle modification. Dr. Gupta said that “Genes are the loaded guns and it is the environment which pulls the trigger.” More over diet & exercise play an utmost important role in achieving glycemic, lipid & blood pressure targets, expressed by Dr. Kavita, They added that “Man is the only animal who eats even if he is not hungry”, thus, the awareness should start from schools to prevent childhood obesity. Which ultimately leads adult obesity, diabetes & other non-communicable diseases. Broadcasted on - 8th Dec 2024

The prevalence of obesity is increasing globally, which  increases the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases etc.  Around 70 % of people with diabetes are either overweight or obese. In last 1-2 decades, obesity is also affecting children / people with T1DM, primarily due to changing dietary habits and poor exercise compliance.  Individuals with T1DM who are overweight/ obese, have clinical features of insulin resistance (as that of Type 2 DM), are known as "double diabetes". It is challenging for a person with double diabetes to achieve reasonable glycemic control.  A sedentary lifestyle, a high-calorie diet rich in fats and simple sugars, and a low-fibre diet in T1DM also lead to poor metabolic control, weight gain, and other disorders like depression that further aggravate the condition. Proper treatment & lifestyle modification helps to achieve better control.To prevent double diabetes, every child / person with T1DM should practice regular outdoor sports or regular exercise. They should consume healthy diet through the concept of mindful eating. Yoga may compliment for the better management of double diabetes….! Broadcasted on 24.11.2023

We in India celebrate 14th November as Children's Day, which is the birthday of the 1st Prime Minister of India Shri Jawaharlal Nehru. Similarly, World Diabetes Day is celebrated on the same date to mark the birthday of Dr. Fredrick Banting who discovered insulin along with Charles Best in 1921, for the treatment of diabetes. In January 1922, Leonard Thompson, a 14-year-old boy became the first human being to receive insulin injection. Millions of people with diabetes around the world do not have access to diabetes care. People with diabetes require ongoing care and support to manage their condition and avoid complications. Thus, the theme for World Diabetes Day for the year 2021-23 is Access to Diabetes Care. The focus is to provide people with diabetes the importance of having access to the right information and care to ensure better treatment and management. Dr. Kavita Gupta highlighted about how to celebrate your Diwali in a healthy way. She discussed on alternatives to simple sugars, fried items, transfat, portion control and mindful eating. Let us listen to the podcast……! Broadcasted on 10.11.2023

Uncontrolled high blood sugar damages nerves and interferes with their ability to send signals, leading to diabetic neuropathy. High blood sugar also weakens the walls of the small blood vessels (capillaries) that supply the nerves with oxygen and nutrients. High blood glucose levels and high levels of fats, such as triglycerides, cholesterol can damage nerves. Different types of nerve damage cause different symptoms. Symptoms can range from pain and numbness in your upper & lower limbs & it may also affect the functions of internal organs, such as heart and urinary bladder, sex organ etc. The most common symptoms of diabetic neuropathy are numbness, tingling, a burning feet, aching, cramps and weakness. There are different types of neuropathy, the Peripheral Neuropathy (very common and typically affects feet and legs), autonomic neuropathy (causes damage to nerves that control internal organs, leading to problems with heart and blood pressure, digestive system, urinary bladder, sex organs, sweat glands, and eyes. ). Peripheral neuropathy can be detected with the filament test or biothesiometer. Cardiac autonomic neuropathy requires multiple tests through Cardiologist. Keeping your blood sugar, cholesterol & blood pressure within a healthy range and avoiding alcohol & smoking is the best way to decrease the developing of diabetic neuropathy. Broadcasted on 27.10.2023

Wish you all a Happy Navratri festival. Many people with diabetes wishes to practice fasting during these 9 days of Navratri. So, during fasting they should practice smart fasting, keep yourself hydrated, include healthy fat like nuts, seeds, avocados in your diet. Eat at small intervals. Avoid high fat & tried foods. Check your blood sugars regularly. Always consult the physician before fasting. (Narrated by Dr. Kavita Gupta) Dr. Sunil Gupta expressed his view on lipids. Lipid abnormalities are observed in 70-80% of PWD. This include high triglycerides increase in smaller & denser low density liproproteins (LDL) particles & decreased levels of high density liproproteins (HDL). Every person with diabetes should check their lipid profile annually. In case of abnormalities, they need to re-check lipid levels, 6-8 weeks after initiating lipid lowering therapy. PWD have 2-3 times increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) versus their non-diabetic counterpart's, and dyslipidemia is one of the strong contributing risk factor for CVD. Broadcasted on - 13.10.2023

Insulin is a hormone secreted by Beta – Cells of pancreas. People with Type 1 DM require insulin throughout their life to manage their blood sugar as their body produces no insulin or very little insulin. In T2DM, insulin is required when people with diabetes (PWD) on oral drugs, fail to adequately control blood glucose or when they present with severe symptomatic hyperglycaemia (where FBG > 250mg & or PPBG > 350mg/dl or GHb- >9-10 % along with symptoms) to reduce beta cell exhaustion & glucose toxicity. It can be given in combination with metformin. It is a temporary condition & insulin can be stopped, once noromoglycemia is achieved in case of Type 2 DM. Insulin remains the drug of choice during major surgery or in presence of any infection or during any acute illness. 20-30% of T2DM may required insulin within 3 years of diagnosis of diabetes, as they fail to respond to oral drugs, and almost 90% will fail to respond to the maximum dose of oral glucose therapy in 14-16 years duration of diabetes. Importantly, most of the people will need insulin sooner or later in the natural course of T2DM. Insulin therapy can be used alone or in combination with oral drugs to maintain normoglycaemia. Insulin is the best drug of choice in diabetes management. (Recorded 22nd Sept 2023)