Right Up Your Algae

We're stepping into the time machine and going back 100 years to Nome Alaska. Clara and Emily discuss the serum run for life, sled dogs, and who really deserves some more recognition. Stay tuned for Right Whale Watch, and a brand new bit... dirty birds. Moon, Katherine L., et al. " Comparative genomics of Balto, a famous historic dog, captures lost diversity of 1920s sled dogs." Science 380.6643 (2023): eabn5887.Williams N. Canada apologizes to inuit communities for mass killing of sled sogs decades ago. Reuters. (2024). Aboul-Enein, et al. 2019. The 1925 Diphtheria Antitoxin Run to Nome - Alaska: A Public Health Illustration of Human-Animal Collaboration. J Med Humanit 40: 287–296 E. D. Stokes. 1996. “The Race for Life.” Public Health Reports (1974-), vol. 111, no. 3, pp. 272–75. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/4598014. Sharma, N. C., et al. 2019. Diphtheria (primer). Nature Reviews: Disease Primers, 5: 1 //doi.org/10.1038/s41572-019-0131-yIssaac. D. Rawlings, 1925. Advice and information for parents and others regarding diphtheria prevention. State Dept. of Public Health.Preston Jones, 2007. Empire's Edge: American Society in Nome, Alaska, 1898-1934. University of Alaska Press.Annick Opinel, et al. 2013. Commentary: The evolution of methods to assess the effects of treatments, illustrated by the development of treatments for diphtheria, 1825–1918, International Journal of Epidemiology, 42(3): 662–676, https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyr162Welch, Curtis. 1925. "The diphtheria epidemic at Nome." Journal of the American Medical Association 84.17: 1290-1291.Salisbury Gay, Laney Salisbury. 2003. "The thin white line: in 1925 a deadly diphtheria epidemic swept through icebound Nome, Alaska. The only hope for survival--antitoxin—sat 674 frozen miles away. And there was only one way to get it to Nome in time: by dogsled." National Geographic Adventure 5.6: 78-88.Houdek, Jennifer. 2010. "The serum run of 1925". LitSite Alaska. University of Alaska Anchorage. Coppock, M. 2006. THE RACE TO SAVE NOME. American History, 41, 56-63,8. Jolley D, Douglas KM, 2014. The Effects of Anti-Vaccine Conspiracy Theories on Vaccination Intentions. PLoS ONE 9(2): e89177. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0089177Ross W. Jamieson. 2017. Local heroes: notes on the highway statues of Colta, Ecuador. International Journal of Heritage Studies 23:9, pages 800-815.Anderson, Rebecca J. 2014. "The Great Dogsled Relay." Pharmacologist: 30. Singleton, R., Holve, S., Groom, A., McMahon, B. J., Santosham, M., Brenneman, G., & O'Brien, K. L. 2009. Impact of immunizations on the disease burden of American Indian and Alaska native children. Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine, 163(5), 446-453.

In this episode, Clara will discuss her experience at the Ninh Binh Bear Sanctuary in Vietnam, which she visited in December. This episode details the story of the Four Paws organization and two species that live in Vietnam. Join us today by listening to the stories of a few furry beasts and how they ended up at the sanctuary. Follow us on Instagram: @rightupyouralgaepodcastReferences for this episode: https://www.facebook.com/BEARSANCTUARY.NinhBinh/https://www.animalsasia.org/us/our-work/end-bear-bile-farming/what-is-bear-bile-farming/overview.htmlMetabolic derangements and reduced survival of bile-extracted Asiatic black bears (Ursus thibetanus) - PMC https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-019-2006-6https://www.four-paws.org/about-us/four-paws-about-usVietnam - Wikipediahttps://www.bearbiology.org/the-eight-bear-species/ursus-thibetanus-asiatic-black-bear/https://www.bearbiology.org/the-eight-bear-species/helarctos-malayanus-sun-bear/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/human-bear-zoo-china/

In this episode, Clara and Emily take a dive into the world of cuttlefish... but Clara spends the first five minutes thinking we're talking about pufferfish. Learn why these marine invertebrates are known as the chameleons of the sea and get a glimpse at their strange mating rituals in this week's episode!Adamo, S. A., & Hanlon, R. T. (1996). Do cuttlefish (Cephalopoda) signal their intentions to conspecifics during agonistic encounters?. Animal Behaviour, 52(1), 73-81.Allen, J. J., Akkaynak, D., Schnell, A. K., & Hanlon, R. T. (2017). Dramatic fighting by male cuttlefish for a female mate. The American Naturalist, 190(1), 144-151.Guo, H., Zhang, D., Wang, L., Li, W., He, P., Näslund, J., & Zhang, X. (2021). Sperm competition in golden cuttlefish Sepia esculenta: The impact of mating order and male size. Aquaculture, 530, 735929.Hall, .K., Hanlon, .R. Principal features of the mating system of a large spawning aggregation of the giant Australian cuttlefish Sepia apama (Mollusca: Cephalopoda). Marine Biology 140, 533–545 (2002). Hanlon, R. T., Ament, S. A., & Gabr, H. (1999). Behavioral aspects of sperm competition in cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis (Sepioidea: Cephalopoda). Marine Biology, 134, 719-728.Hanlon, R., Naud, MJ., Shaw, P. et al. Transient sexual mimicry leads to fertilization. Nature 433, 212 (2005). Hanlon, R. (2007). Cephalopod dynamic camouflage. Current biology, 17(11), R400-R404.Liu, L., Zhang, Y., Hu, X., Lü, Z., Liu, B., Jiang, L. H., & Gong, L. (2019). Multiple paternity assessed in the cuttlefish Sepiella japonica (Mollusca, Cephalopoda) using microsatellite markers. ZooKeys, 880, 33.Mather J. A., & Dickel L., (2017). Cephalopod complex cognition, Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, Vol 16, Pages 131-137, ISSN 2352-1546, Maradonna, F., Pessina, A., Ashouri, G., Notti, E., Chemello, G., Russo, G., ... & Carnevali, O. (2024). First Feeding of Cuttlefish Hatchlings: Pioneering Attempts in Captive Breeding. Animals, 14(13), 1993.Naud M, Hanlon RT, Hall KC, Shaw PW, Havenhand JN (2004) Behavioural and genetic assessment of reproductive success in a spawning aggregation of the Australian giant cuttlefish, Sepia apama. Anim Behav 67:1043–1050Norman, M. D., Finn, J., & Tregenza, T. (1999). Female impersonation as an alternative reproductive strategy in giant cuttlefish. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 266(1426), 1347-1349.Schnell, A. K., Smith, C. L., Hanlon, R. T., & Harcourt, R. T. (2015). Female receptivity, mating history, and familiarity influence the mating behavior of cuttlefish. Behavioral ecology and sociobiology, 69, 283-292.Wada, T., Takegaki, T., Mori, T., & Natsukari, Y. (2005). Sperm displacement behavior of the cuttlefish Sepia esculenta (Cephalopoda: Sepiidae). Journal of ethology, 23, 85-92.Wada, T., Takegaki T., Mori T., & Natsukari Y. (2010) Sperm removal, ejaculation and their behavioural interaction in male cuttlefish in response to female mating history, Animal Behaviour, Vol 79, Issue 3, Pages 613-619, ISSN 0003-3472, Cephalopod Camouflage: Cells and Organs of the skinhttps://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/cephalopod-camouflage-cells-and-organs-of-the-144048968/#:~:text=Chromatophores%20are%20organs%20that%20are,within%20a%20chromatophore%20nerve%20(Fig.:

The boys are back in town. Clara and Emily are starting off the new year right with a bio-bulletin fresh off of the presses. We're talking new species, bad news for bees, a bioplastic revolutionizing invasive species maintenance, and so much more.Bumblebees winter nesting due to climate: https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/ckg17mwnx73oThrow it, burn it, let it heat your home: Greenland's garbage gets new life: https://nunatsiaq.com/stories/article/throw-it-burn-it-let-it-heat-your-home-greenlands-garbage-gets-new-life/Water hyacinth: This alien plant is lethal for the environment. Now it's being turned into a plastic to regrow forests: https://edition.cnn.com/world/africa/hyacinth-alien-plant-environment-plastic-spc/index.htmlPeru assessment: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/dec/20/blob-headed-fish-and-amphibious-mouse-among-27-new-species-found-in-thrilling-peru-expeditionRapid Biological Assessment- Conservation International: https://d2iwpl8k086uu2.cloudfront.net/docs/default-source/s3-library/publication-pdfs/ci-alto-mayo-rap-73-report.pdf?sfvrsn=6c30683d_3North Atlantic Right Whale Updates: https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/national/endangered-species-conservation/north-atlantic-right-whale-updatesScience breakthrough of the year: https://www.science.org/content/article/scienceadviser-all-breakthroughs-2024-what-topped-science-s-list

It has been 365 days of Right Up Your Algae! 22 episodes later Clara and Emily are back and ready for a new year of sharing with you, stories and research about our natural world. The gals are taking it back to their roots and talking algae... kelp to be more specific. 1. Alexander-Michael A., et al. (2020). "The response of the northwest Atlantic Ocean to climate change." Journal of Climate 33.2: 405-428.2. Debernard, J., Sætra, Ø., & Røed, L. P. (2002). Future wind, wave and storm surge climate in the northern North Atlantic. Climate research, 23(1), 39-49.3. Fredriksen, S., Filbee-Dexter, K., Norderhaug, K.M. et al. (2020). Green gravel: a novel restoration tool to combat kelp forest decline. Sci Rep 10, 3983. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-60553-x4. Hatcher, B. G., Chapman, A. O., & Mann, K. H. (1977). An annual carbon budget for the kelp Laminaria longicruris. Marine Biology, 44, 85-96.5. Johnson, C. R., & Mann, K. H. (1988). Diversity, patterns of adaptation, and stability of Nova Scotian kelp beds. Ecological Monographs, 58(2), 129-154.6. Donovan Moira. (2023). Why scientists are looking to landscaping gravel to help restore Nova Scotia's kelp, CBC.7. Khan, Amina H., et al. (2018). "The effect of global climate change on the future distribution of economically important macroalgae (seaweeds) in the northwest Atlantic." Facets 3.1: 275-286.8. Krause-Jensen, D., & Duarte, C. M. (2016). Substantial role of macroalgae in marine carbon sequestration. Nature Geoscience, 9(10), 737-742.9. Merzouk, A., & Johnson, L. E. (2011). Kelp distribution in the northwest Atlantic Ocean under a changing climate. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 400(1-2), 90-98.10. Wilson, K. L., Skinner, M. A., & Lotze, H. K. (2019). Projected 21st‐century distribution of canopy‐forming seaweeds in the Northwest Atlantic with climate change. Diversity and Distributions, 25(4), 582-602.11. Wright, L. S., Pessarrodona, A., & Foggo, A. (2022). Climate‐driven shifts in kelp forest composition reduce carbon sequestration potential. Global Change Biology, 28(18), 5514-5531.

In today's episode, Clara discusses the peculiar observations of blue frogs in Nova Scotia. This episode will also look at the mutations in green frogs that make them appear blue. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Sources: Rare 'blue' frog spotted in Nova Scotia | CTV NewsC. Kenneth Dodd Jr. (2023). Frogs of the United States and Canada. Johns Hopkins University Press.Frog Species in Canada | The Canadian EncyclopediaWhat Kingdom Do Frogs Belong To? (Frog Taxonomy Guide) (toadsnfrogs.com)Atrazine induces complete feminization and chemical castration in male African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis) - PMC (nih.gov)Beyond beauty, colour serves important functions for frogs and toads around the world | Research Communities by Springer Nature2285-Article Text-10311-1-10-20200226 (1).pdfIt's not easy being green, but rare blue frog finds fame in Chance Harbour | CBC.ca'I thought it was a piece of plastic': Rare blue frog spotted by hiker near Oxford (cbc.ca)

In this episode, Emily discusses the somber topic of infant formula advertisements that have led to tragedy within developing nations. This episode sheds light on Nestle's role in these advertisements and how they have led to the death of children worldwide. Please note this episode discusses the death of children and may not be suitable for everyone. email:ruyapodcast@outlook.comInstagram: @rightupyouralgaepodcastSources: 25: The Formula - Swindled (swindledpodcast.com)Sugar: for Nestlé, not all babies are equal | Public EyeThe Baby Killer Nestle : Mike Muller : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet ArchiveBarriers to Breastfeeding in the United States - The Surgeon General's Call to Action to Support Breastfeeding - NCBI Bookshelf (nih.gov)Breastfeeding (who.int)Beyond the infant formula business there is resistance | AIMS

In this episode we will look at different ways that animals cool off in the hot weather.Insta: @rightupyouralgaeEmail: ruyapodcast@outlook.comSources:https://www.popsci.com/diy/how-to-keep-cats-cool-in-summer/https://vetericyn.com/blog/horse-sweat/#:~:text=Horses%20have%20different%20sweat%20glands,sweat%20mostly%20through%20eccrine%20glands.&text=Apocrine%20glands%20produce%20sweat%20that,more%20protein%20and%20fewer%20electrolytes.https://extensionpubs.unl.edu/publication/g2355/2023/html/view#:~:text=When%20sheep%20and%20goats%20overheat,the%20ears%20and%20lower%20legshttps://dairy.extension.wisc.edu/articles/animal-handling-during-heat-stress/#Introductionhttps://www-sciencedirect-com.ezproxy.acadiau.ca:9443/science/article/pii/S0047248418301519?via%3Dihubhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6773238/ https://www.livescience.com/59254-facts-about-sweating.html..... Contact email for the rest of episode sources

What's in a name? maybe more than you think. This episode gives a look into the ecology and history of the Jijuktu'kwejk River in Nova Scotia as well as how you can help! Learn what Emily has been up to this summer with the non-profit the Jijuktu'kwejk Watershed Alliance in the newest episode of Right up your Algae.Governor Edward Cornwallis: http://www.danielnpaul.com/GovernorEdwardCornwallis.htmlMi'kmaq Chief wants Cornwallis River Renamed: https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nova-scotia/mi-kmaq-chief-wants-cornwallis-river-renamed-1.1063182COSEWIC Wood Turtle: https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/species-risk-public-registry/cosewic-assessments-status-reports/wood-turtle-2018.htmlCOSEWIC Bank Swallow: https://www.registrelep-sararegistry.gc.ca/virtual_sara/files/cosewic/sr_hirondelle_rivage_bank_swallow_1213_e.pdfHands off those wild leeks: http://www.macleans.ca/culture/hand-off-those-wild-leeks/Wild Leeks and the Ethics of Foraging: https://northcountryfare.wordpress.com/2015/04/26/wild-leeks-and-the-ethics-of-foraging/

Today's episode will examine dandelions' uses in medicine, cuisine, and environmental remediation. Instagram: @rightupyouralgaepodcastEmail: ruyapodcast@outlook.comSources: Differences Between Protista & Monera | Sciencingdoi:10.1016/j.jep.2013.11.022; 10.1016/j.jep.2008.09.004; 10.3390/nu15010080; 10.1007/s11101-019-09622-2; 10.1016/S0367-326X(03)00122-9; 10.1111/j.1442-1984.2004.00104.x; 10.1016/j.chmed.2018.08.003; 10.32113/wcrj_20209_1679; 10.1016/j.jff.2019.05.012; 10.1016/j.jep.2015.03.067; 10.1017/S0890037X00032735; 10.1186/1746-4269-8-6; :10.1021/acs.est.8b04191; 10.1016/j.jff.2016.11.032; 10.1016/j.jep.2006.07.021; 10.1002/ptr.6157; 10.4141/P01-010; 10.1080/15428052.2022.2163733; 10.3390/plants12173087; 10.1900/RDS.2016.13.113Dandelion Plants as a Biomonitor of Urban Area Contamination by Heavy Metal.An ethnobotanical survey of the Gollak region, KosovoEthnopharmacognostic survey on the natural ingredients used in folk cosmetics, cosmeceuticals and remedies for healing skin diseases in the inland Marches, Central-Eastern, Italy.The origin of Taraxacum agamospecies. Genetic variation across VNTR loci in central North American Taraxacum surveyed at different spatial scalesEthnobotanical survey of traditionally used plants in human therapy of east, north and northeast Bosnia and HerzegovinaEthnobotanical notes on some medicinal and aromatic plants of Himachal PradeshFlavonoids, cinnamic acids and coumarins from the different tissues and medicinal preparations of Taraxacum officinale.

On today's episodes, Clara and Emily recount 7 news stories about new developments in biology, ecology, and environmental science. Sources: Story 1: https://wwf.panda.org/http://lynx.panda.org/https://wwf.panda.org/discover/our_focus/wildlife_practice/profiles/mammals/iberian_lynx/ibelynx_ecology_habitat/https://www.nbcnews.com/science/environment/iberian-lynx-back-brink-extinction-conservation-efforts-rcna158276https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-93673-zhttps://www.iucn.org/about-iucnStory 2: https://amp.abc.net.au/article/103939084Story3: https://australian.museum/learn/animals/wildlife-sydney/heathland-habitat/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ece3.11535https://www.popsci.com/science/australia-lizard-heath-goanna/Story4: https://warnercnr.source.colostate.edu/new-dinosaur-named-lokiceratops/Story 5: https://theconversation.com/caStory 6: https://www.cbc.ca/amp/1.7230250Story 7: https://www.cbc.ca/radio/asithappens/elephant-names-1.7231387Other: https://www.nationalgeographic.org/society/https://www.daf.qld.gov.au/https://thebigcatsanctuary.org/news/a-guide-to-the-iberian-lynx/

We ain't lion. Lion prides are some of the most unique social structures among terrestrial mammals. Listen to Emily show Clara the wonderful world of Africa's most iconic animal, the purpose of manes, and some female lions whose new look shocked scientists. Palmer, Meredith S., Natalia Borrego, and Craig Packer. (2023) "Social Strategies of the African Lion." Social Strategies of Carnivorous Mammalian Predators: Hunting and Surviving as Families. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 7-45.West, P. M., and Packer, C. (2002). Sexual selection, temperature, and the lion's mane. Science 297, 1339–1343.University of Minnesota (2024). Social Behaviour, Lion Research Center.Emily P. Mitchell, Adrian Tordiffe, Peter Caldwell, A case for ovarian transdifferentiation in six adult captive masculinized lionesses (Panthera leo) in South Africa: Pathological evidence, Theriogenology Wild, Volume 1, 2022, 100012, ISSN 2773-093X, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.therwi.2022.100012Blanchard, D. Caroline. "Of lion manes and human beards: some unusual effects of the interaction between aggression and sociality." Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience 3 (2010): 945.Sogbohossou, E. A., Bauer, H., Loveridge, A., Funston, P. J., De Snoo, G. R., Sinsin, B., & De Iongh, H. H. (2014). Social structure of lions (Panthera leo) is affected by management in Pendjari Biosphere Reserve, Benin. PLoS One, 9(1), e84674.Gilfillan, G. D., McNutt, J. W., Vitale, J. D. T., Iongh, H. H., & Golabek, K. (2017). Rare observation of the existence and masculine behaviour of maned lionesses in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. African Journal of Ecology, 55(3), 383–385. https://doi.org/10.1111/aje.12360

In today's episode, we will look at the story of Alexandra Morton, a whale researcher whose career took an unexpected turn when the whales all left. Join Clara and Emily on a journey up to British Columbia and learn about what might be causing the collapse of the wild salmon stocks. We explore the life story of a woman who persevered and made tremendous strides in research. References:Bartlett, S. (Host). (2022-Present). The Salmon People [Audio or Video podcast]. Canada's National Observer. The Salmon People podcast | Canada's National Observer: Climate News Morton, A. (2021). Not on my watch: How a renegade whale biologist took on governments and industry to save wild salmon. Random House Canada.Celebrity Wiki. (2020). Alexandra Morton. CelebsAgeWiki. Alexandra Morton Biography, Age, Height, Husband, Net Worth, Family (celebsagewiki.com)Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO). (2018, October 26). Atlantic salmon... a remarkable life cycle. Government of Canada. Atlantic salmon... a remarkable life cycle (dfo-mpo.gc.ca)Pacific Salmon Foundation (2024). Species & lifecycle. Species & Lifecycle | Pacific Salmon Foundation (psf.ca)PacificWild (2024). Pacific salmon species spotlight. Pacific Salmon Species Spotlight - Pacific WildDean, C. (2008, November 3). Saving wild salmon, in hopes of saving the orca. The New York Times. Saving Wild Salmon, in Hopes of Saving the Orca - The New York Times (nytimes.com)Morton, A., Routledge, R., Peet, C., & Ladwig, A. (2004). Sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) infection rates on juvenile pink (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) and chum (Oncorhynchus keta) salmon in the nearshore marine environment of British Columbia, Canada. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 61 (2), 147-157. Kibenge, M.J.T., Wang, Y., Gayeski, N., Morton, A., Beardslee, K., McMillan, B., & Kibenge, F. S. B. (2019). Piscine orthoreovirus sequences in escaped farmed Atlantic salmon in Washington and British Columbia. Virology Journal, 16(41). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-019-1148-2

Emily is talking about whales again. Listen in to learn about one of the most endangered species on earth, what is being done, and some controversies surrounding it. The North Atlantic Right Whale is a struggling species, this episode dives into the reasons for their status, and the most recent information on this year's calves. Endangered North Atlantic right whale injured by Canadian tracking tag, scientists say: https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nova-scotia/north-atlantic-right-whale-injured-by-canadian-tag-1.7006911NOAA North Atlantic Right Whale: https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/species/north-atlantic-right-whaleNOAA North Atlantic Right Whale Updates: https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/national/endangered-species-conservation/north-atlantic-right-whale-updates#:~:text=On%20April%209%2C%202024%2C%20a,Cod%20Bay%20in%20March%202024.Action Plan: https://wildlife-species.az.ec.gc.ca/species-risk-registry/virtual_sara/files//plans/Ap-Bnan-Narw-v01-2021Mar-Eng.pdfPopulation comparison of right whale body condition reveals poor state of the North Atlantic right whale: https://www.int-res.com/abstracts/meps/v640/p1-16/Fishermen allowed to fish close to shore in Gulf of St. Lawrence after right whale sighting: https://atlantic.ctvnews.ca/fishermen-allowed-to-fish-close-to-shore-in-gulf-of-st-lawrence-after-right-whale-sighting-1.6897724

Let us close this ever-important month off with a spotlight on black conservationists that inspire us. This episode gives a short history of black people's place in North American and African conservation and hopes to give recognition to some incredible people who are helping change the world.Black Myths PodcastPBS podcastsMeet the Black Mambas, South Africa's all-female anti-poaching unit: https://www.nationalgeographic.co.uk/travel/2021/03/meet-the-black-mambas-south-africas-all-female-anti-poaching-unitBlack Mambas Anti-Poaching Unit: https://www.helpingrhinos.org/black-mambas/Painted Dog Conservation: https://www.tusk.org/projects/painted-dog-conservation/Conservation and wildlife: https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/display/document/obo-9780199846733/obo-9780199846733-0022.xmlConserving while black: https://www.fws.gov/story/conserving-while-black-breaking-down-barriers-conservation-communityBrown Girl Outdoor World: https://browngirloutdoorworld.com/partners-2/The Manatee Man: https://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/podcast/meet-the-manatee-man/

In this week's episode, Emily and Clara look at some recent discoveries in the science world. Learn about topics ranging from mining waste to White Rhino IVF practices to why it seems like birds don't want you to sleep in. Follow us on Instagram @rightupyouralgaepodcastEmail us with any recommendations @ ruyapodcast@outlook.comFind our resources: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-00264-9#ref-CR1https://www.nationalobserver.com/2023/12/18/opinion/digging-deep-healthy-soil-farminghttps://www.edenseven.co.uk/what-does-a-tonne-of-co2-look-like#:~:text=Translating%20CO2%20into%20activities&text=For%20example%2C%20one%20tonne%20of,500%20litres%20of%20Diesel%20consumedhttps://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-00071-2#ref-CR4https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1365-2745.14145?_ga=2.238070528.14054478.1707235110-2080811654.1707235110https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-68064432

This week Clara and Emily travel to the lush nation of Columbia! In this beautiful country you'll find ugly river dolphins, condors, manatees and... cocaine hippos? Introduced by Pablo Escobar is the Columbian hippo, the worlds largest invasive species. Listen along to learn the difficulties of castrating a hippo, a strange take on rewilding, and why you shouldn't eat hippo meat. A Case for Hippos in Columbia: file:///C:/Users/emily/Downloads/TheCaseForHipposinColombia.pdfColombian Hippos and Species Management: https://www.mdpi.com/2075-471X/12/2/29#B30-laws-12-00029Removing Pablo Escobar's hippos from Colombia to cost $3.5m: https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/3/30/removing-pablo-escobars-hippos-from-colombia-to-cost-3-5m#:~:text=Scientists%20warn%20the%20hippos%20do,animals%20a%20toxic%20invasive%20species.Pablo Escobar: Why scientists want to kill Colombia's hippos: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-56011594In Colombia, Escobar's hippos spawn another problem: Wildlife trafficking: https://news.mongabay.com/2022/02/in-colombia-escobars-hippos-spawn-another-problem-wildlife-trafficking/Animalista, Narco-Cultural, Conservacionista. Visions of Nature Around the Case of Hippos in Colombia: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12304-023-09541-yPablo Escobar's "cocaine hippos" won't stop multiplying. Colombia wants to move dozens of them out of the country: https://www.cbsnews.com/news/pablo-escobar-cocaine-hippos-colombia-wants-to-transfer-dozens-populaion-control/Pablo Escobar's feral hippos face cull in Colombia: https://www.bbc.com/news/67306304Rapid population growth and high management costs have created a narrow window for control of introduced hippos in Colombia: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10106455/

Clara and Emily are taking root this year on new and interesting topics. Your favourite podcasters are back and here to share the wonders of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF), their fascinating punishment-reward relationship with plants, and how the agricultural industry can benefit from these fungi.Mechanisms underlying beneficial plant-fungus interactions in mycorrhizal symbiosis - Scientific Figure on ResearchGate. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Hyphopodium-adhesion-to-the-root-epidermis-in-arbuscular-mycorrhizas-A-top-view-of-the_fig2_47545096 [accessed 13 Jan, 2024] https://www.nature.com/articles/nrmicro1987 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2019.02904#:~:text=For%20hyphal%20length%20in%20soil,strain%20with%200.8%20%CE%BCm2. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/227672792_Brundrett_M_C_-_Coevolution_of_roots_and_mycorrhizas_of_land_plants_New_Phytologist?enrichId=rgreq-cb7693a731a3aa68d3bf2396eafc2e93-XXX&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzIyNzY3Mjc5MjtBUzo1NTQyNjM4NzgwOTQ4NDhAMTUwOTE1ODIxNDU4MQ%3D%3D&el=1_x_2&_esc=publicationCoverPdf https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00344-014-9414-4 Shalaby AM and Hanna MM (1998). Preliminary studies on interactions between VA mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae, Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Pseudomonas syringae in soybean plants. Acta Microbiol Pol 47:385 – 391.

The November 2023 edition of Biosphere Bulletin! Your trusty hosts discuss carbon neutrality, an elephant mystery being solved, and so much more in this week's episode of Right up your Algae. To let us know your thoughts or to suggest an episode topic email ruyapodcast@outlook.comA singular shark bitter taste receptor provides insights into the evolution of bitter taste perception. 10.1073/pnas.2310347120Evolution of taste: Early sharks were able to perceive bitter substances: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/11/231113155215.htmConservation successes and challenges for wide-ranging sharks and rays: https://www.pnas.org/doi/epdf/10.1073/pnas.2216891120B.C., Ottawa, First Nations announce conservation agreement: https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/nature-agreement-bc-ottawa-1-billion-conservation-1.7017562One solution to the plastic crisis may lie in bugs' bellies: https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-solutions/2023/11/17/plastic-eating-bugs-recycling-pollution/Africa's first carbon-removal plant stokes questions about responsible climate solutions: https://www.nbcnews.com/science/environment/africas-first-carbon-removal-plant-stokes-questions-responsible-climat-rcna117590

Radiation, and freezing, and drought oh my! Tardigrades are resistant to all this and more. Emily shows Clara the weird and wacky side of scientific studies including one that shot tardigrades out of a gun. To learn about the only animal that can (BEAR-ly) survive in space, make sure to listen to this week's episode of right up your algae.Tardigrades as a potential model organism in space research: https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/ast.2006.0088New species of water bear uses fluorescent “shield” to survive lethal UV radiation:https://www.science.org/content/article/new-species-water-bear-uses-fluorescent-shield-survive-lethal-uv-radiationUniversity of Florida Entomology and Nematologyhttps://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/MISC/tardigrade.htmlTardigrade Survival Limits in High-Speed Impacts—Implications for Panspermia and Collection of Samples from Plumes Emitted by Ice Worldshttps://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/ast.2020.2405Recovery and reproduction of an Antarctic tardigrade retrieved from a moss sample frozen for over 30 yearshttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0011224015300134Tardigrade survive exposure to space in low Earth orbithttps://www.cell.com/current-biology/pdf/S0960-9822(08)00805-1.pdfSurvival in extreme environments – on the current knowledge of adaptations in tardigradeshttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1748-1716.2011.02252.x?casa_token=2d-MxR8xW0oAAAAA%3A-plyMfNz54ueBgpYNyu5CskClFbYk5RsSKht-Fzhx0a-w91sbiGTbU9NdJW68ib2MWwbsY8dmw_AmBsr

Clara tells Emily what the heck Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats are, goes into some of the uses of the gene editing technique, and discusses some of the controversy surrounding CRISPR worldwide.Sources:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6342697/https://www.synthego.com/blog/gene-editing-nobel-prize#charpentier-and-doudna-win-nobel-prize-in-chemistry-for-developing-crispr-technologyhttps://www.jax.org/personalized-medicine/precision-medicine-and-you/what-is-crisprhttps://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/genomicresearch/genomeediting/https://www.synthego.com/blog/crispr-applicationshttps://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1258096https://www.genome.gov/about-genomics/fact-sheets/Eugenics-and-Scientific-Racism#:~:text=Eugenicists%20worldwide%20believed%20that%20they,by%20them%20to%20be%20unfit.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10182114/#:~:text=Accordingly%2C%20it%20is%20important%20to,target%20sites%20(Han%20et%20al.https://molecular-cancer.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12943-021-01487-4https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8073294/#:~:text=Since%20the%20first%20use%20of,%2C%20quality%2C%20and%20stress%20resistance.

Emily takes Clara on a trip down memory lane to her first job in the field of biology... chopping up deer. In this week's episode, we learn the relationship between a meningeal nematode, moose, deer, and gastropods in mainland Nova Scotia. Trigger Warning for some discussion of dissections.LOW-DOSE MENINGEAL WORM (PARELAPHOSTRONGYLUS TENUIS) INFECTIONS IN MOOSE (ALCES ALCES) : https://meridian.allenpress.com/jwd/article/38/4/789/122782/LOW-DOSE-MENINGEAL-WORM-PARELAPHOSTRONGYLUS-TENUISThe ecological relationships of meningeal worm and north American cervids: https://meridian.allenpress.com/jwd/article/8/4/304/126681/THE-ECOLOGICAL-RELATIONSHIPS-OF-MENINGEAL-WORM-ANDUNDERSTANDING THE IMPACT OF MENINGEAL WORM, PARELAPHOSTRONGYLUS TENUIS, ON MOOSE POPULATIONS: https://shorturl.at/wAKU1Parelaphostrongylus tenuis in New Brunswick: The Parasite in Terrestrial Gastropods: https://meridian.allenpress.com/jwd/article/22/4/582/119580/Parelaphostrongylus-tenuis-in-New-Brunswick-ThePneumostrongylus tenuis in Deer in Minnesota and Implications for Moose: https://www.jstor.org/stable/3798320?casa_token=eT7dPrmjEmoAAAAA%3AG8VWzU0eh3CvsbgAFsVGUg2Z1pXoYwcR4sfW0_QBf_OYBAtiQt0UZq_P0I1_qs0yfHi9vDzEyfjcoYQ379sxampO7IGjo5OBfN8eiu5Gzba8DKQVB8vjGw&seq=1Nova Scotia Department of resources and renewables: https://novascotia.ca/natr/wildlife/sustainable/mmoosefaq.aspContinuing environmental change: an example from Nova scotia: https://www.canadianfieldnaturalist.ca/cfn/index.php/cfn/article/view/880/881Parelaphostrongylus tenuis (FRYADKO AND BOEV) IN THE MOOSE AND WHITE-TAILED DEER OF NOVA SCOTIA : https://scholar.acadiau.ca/islandora/object/theses:3327/datastream/PDF/file.pdfUNDERSTANDING THE IMPACT OF MENINGEAL WORM, PARELAPHOSTRONGYLUS TENUIS, ON MOOSE POPULATIONS: https://alcesjournal.org/index.php/alces/article/view/59Parasites of Caribou: https://www.gov.nl.ca/ffa/files/agrifoods-animals-health-pdf-ds-08-007.pdfBiology and diseases of ruminants: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/parelaphostrongylus-tenuis

In this week's episode Emily and Clara look at some exciting new articles from the science world. The topics are wide ranging from microplastics in clouds to conservation techniques of the Hawaii honeycreepers. We hope you learn something new that's right up your algae!Follow our instagram @rightupyouralgaepodcast and email us at ruyapodcast@outlook.comSources:Drugs give biology's favourite worm the munchies too: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-01376-4Arizona Javelin: https://azstateparks.com/javelinaAirborne hydrophilic microplastics in cloud water at high altitudes and their role in cloud formation: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10311-023-01626-x#Fig2This Shocking Golf course damage went viral; but there's more to the story: https://golf.com/lifestyle/golf-course-damage-that-drew-30-million-views/How our method compares: https://www.worldmosquitoprogram.org/en/learn/how-our-method-compares#:~:text=Incompatible%20Insect%20Technique%20(IIT)&text=In%20this%20approach%2C%20mosquitoes%20are,her%20eggs%20do%20not%20hatch.Millions of Mosquitoes Will Rain Down on Hawaii to Save an Iconic Bird: https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/millions-of-mosquitoes-will-rain-down-on-hawaii-to-save-an-iconic-bird/Why Do Mosquitoes Exist? Why Do Elephants and Donkeys Represent the G.O.P. and the Democrats? And More Questions From Our Readers: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/mosquitos-exist-elephants-donkeys-used-represent-gop-democrats-180973517/#:~:text=While%20they%20can%20seem%20pointless,some%20species%20are%20important%20pollinators.Feds pump $12.5M into environmental literacy: https://www.nationalobserver.com/2023/10/10/news/feds-pump-125m-environmental-literacyExploration reveals lost Pacific 'microbat' colony: https://www.conservation.org/blog/exploration-reveals-lost-pacific-microbat-colonyWHITE-NOSE SYNDROME IMPACTING BATS IN CANADA: http://www.cwhc-rcsf.ca/docs/CWHC_WNS_Pamphlet.pdf

Join Clara and Emily as they learn about the windshield phenomenon, the importance of insects, and the evidence behind their population decline. Make sure to rate and review if you enjoy this episode.Climate-driven declines in arthropod abundance restructure a rainforest food web: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30322922/The insect apocalypse, and why it matters: https://www.cell.com/current-biology/pdf/S0960-9822(19)30796-1.pdfInsects as drivers of ecosystem processes: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214574514000339?casa_token=g_ChGhmkwJwAAAAA:f0hNJyraSzr7kbAqETl7qv-_WKq4T2CR4pfh5tt0YSo2okC6W6NEzA5VWWBFycAAWGItX4en8meJLess Harmful Pesticides: https://extension.psu.edu/less-harmful-pesticidesEarthworm Invaders: https://ecosystemsontheedge.org/earthworm-invaders/A Study on the Health Effects of Pesticide Exposure among Farmers: https://koreascience.kr/article/JAKO200031462790077.pageDistribution and impacts of invasive earthworms in Canadian forest ecosystems: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10530-008-9320-4#Sec2

In this episode Clara looks at peatlands and why they are important. Then she moves onto talking about current research regarding peatlands (especially bogs and fens). Resources: https://peatlands.org/peatlands/https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/press-release/global-assessment-reveals-huge-potential-peatlands-climate-solutionhttps://www.climateneutralgroup.com/en/news/five-future-scenarios-ar6-ipcc/http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014GB004845https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-12479-0#Sec4Mummified Bodies:https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/five-fascinating-ice-age-finds-discovered-in-yukon-permafrost-180979521/https://www.bordnamonalivinghistory.ie/article-detail/archaeological-finds-in-the-peatlands-of-ireland/https://www.iflscience.com/bog-bodies-were-overwhelmingly-killed-by-violence-analysis-of-1000-bodies-finds-68080Seed Bank and KC Irving Centerhttps://kcirvingcentre.acadiau.ca/research/seed-and-tissue-bank-programs/https://www.facebook.com/ECSmithHerbarium/Ducks Unlimited:https://www.ducks.ca/

In this week's episode of Right Up Your Algae, Clara and Emily discuss how different Orcas can be pod to pod. From communication differences and hunting tactics to in-depth social relations and sense of self, some scientists argue orcas may have cultures. But what do you think? Emily also dives into the ethics of captivity and gets sentimental about the special place orcas have in her heart. Sources:Social structure of killer whales (Orcinus orca) in a variable low-latitude environment, the Galápagos Archipelago: http://surl.li/lyfirThe Killer Whale (Orcinus orca) Vocal Tradition: Acoustic Communication and its Role in the Orca Family Unit: https://nsuworks.nova.edu/cnso_stucap/133/Apparent death of 47-year-old orca matriarch could have serious effects on pod, scientists fear: http://surl.li/lyfjcNational Wildlife Federation; Orca: http://surl.li/lyfjgCetacean Societies: http://surl.li/lyfjmShark-eating offshore killer whales are the 'mystery animals' of B.C. waters: http://surl.li/lyfjqOrcas: http://surl.li/lyfjtAntarctic Peninsula killer whales (Orcinus orca) hunt seals and a penguin on floating ice: http://surl.li/lyfjxCooperative hunting behavior, prey selectivity and prey handling by pack ice killer whales (Orcinus orca), type B, in Antarctic Peninsula waters: http://surl.li/lyfkaKiller Whales (Orcinus orca) of Patagonia, and Their Behavior of Intentional Stranding While Hunting Nearshore: http://surl.li/lyfkhAll is Whale That Ends Whale? The Deficiencies in National Protection for Orca Whales in Captivity: http://surl.li/lyfkmKiska, 'the loneliest whale in the world,' dies at Canada amusement park: http://surl.li/lyfkpAnimal Welfare Institute: http://surl.li/lyfkrThe harmful effects of captivity and chronic stress on the well-being of orcas (Orcinus orca): http://surl.li/lyfkuLonely Bay of Fundy orca may help researchers understand species' behaviour: https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nova-scotia/old-thom-orca-dolphin-research-1.6925351Killer whales (Orcinus orca L.) and saithe (Pollachius virens L.) trap herring (Clupea harengus L.) in shallow water by taking advantage of steep bottom topography: http://surl.li/lyfld

In this episode we describe the properties, taxonomy, and interesting evolutionary facts about algae. Then we look at how algae is being used in industry to restore and decreased pollutants from entering our waterways. Contact us at our email: ruyapodcast@outlook.com We do not currently have our website set up but we will link it in the following episodes. See a few sources that were used in this episode: https://www.princeton.edu/news/2016/11/02/when-corals-met-algae-symbiotic-relationship-crucial-reef-survival-dates-triassichttps://plantlet.org/the-classification-of-algae-comparing-three-schools-of-thought-fritsch-bold-wynne-lee/#:~:text=Prokaryotic%20algae%20(Cyanophyta),endoplasmic%20reticulum%20(Euglenophyta%20and%20Dinophyta) https://www.quantamagazine.org/billion-year-old-algae-and-newer-genes-hint-at-land-plants-origin-20200326/Scientific papers: https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.2000735https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0301479717310526?via%3Dihubhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-020-1122-9https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0960852422003728?via%3Dihubhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0045653522020586?via%3DihubAlgal research: https://nrc.canada.ca/en/research-development/nrc-facilities/marine-research-stationInformation about cyanobacteria:https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environment/recreational-water/cyanobacteria-toxins.htmlLastly, the information about the 94 calls to action. We also want to recognize that National Truth and Reconciliation Day is not just one day a year. Everyday we must think about whose lands we are on and at what cost we live on these lands. Please take time to read this document and appreciate what it is the Indigenous Peoples of Canada are asking for. https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.801236/publication.html