Podcasts about phanerozoic

1/2: #PALEOCLIMATOLOGY: Hot and Cold Earth for the last 540 million (Phanerozoic) years. Benjamin Mills, University of Leeds. David Livingston 1852 Mastodon

In this week's episode of The Week in Sustainability, we explore groundbreaking research that reconstructs Earth's surface temperatures over the past 500 million years. The study reveals that the Phanerozoic eon, dating back to the Cambrian explosion, was much hotter than previously thought, providing a striking contrast to the current climate crisis. Asofsky highlights two key insights: the unprecedented speed of today's warming and the direct link between atmospheric carbon and temperature shifts. With clear evidence tying fossil fuel combustion to modern climate change, she emphasizes the critical role of businesses in mitigating the impact.

The Sahara Desert has been experiencing unusually heavy rainfall due to an extratropical cyclone, causing flash floods in Morocco. We hear from Moshe Armon of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. A 485 million-year temperature record of Earth reveals Phanerozoic climate variability. Brian Huber of the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History in Washington DC tells us more. And Mary Lewis of Reading University discusses new research looking into what puberty was like for our ancestors towards the end of the last ice age. Teenagers from 25,000 years ago went through similar puberty stages as modern-day adolescents. Presenter: Roland Pease Producer: Jonathan Blackwell Production Coordinator: Andrew Rhys Lewis (Image: Moroccan municipal workers and members of Auxiliary Forces help drain a road in a flooded neighbourhood in the city of Ouarzazate. Credit: ABDERAHIM ELBCIR/AFP via Getty Images)

The Other Side of the Story with Tom Harris – Geologists tell us that carbon dioxide levels and temperatures have both been far higher in the distant past than today and there was no climate catastrophe. These same earth scientists also show that there is no consistent correlation between CO2 concentration and temperature over the Phanerozoic, the geologic eon that covers the time period from...

The Other Side of the Story with Tom Harris – Geologists tell us that carbon dioxide levels and temperatures have both been far higher in the distant past than today and there was no climate catastrophe. These same earth scientists also show that there is no consistent correlation between CO2 concentration and temperature over the Phanerozoic, the geologic eon that covers the time period from...

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Interview by Kris PetersAfter a long period of member changes - including around 40 in the first two years of the band - Berlin progressive metal outfit The Ocean have finally had a settled lineup for a prolonged period of time and the results are clearly evident in the consistently high quality of releases enjoyed by the band in recent times. Following the universal success of the Phanerozoic double release of albums, which was meant to close the conceptual trilogy started on 2007's Precambrian, guitarist and surviving original member Robin Staps found his mind wandering back to that franchise during the writing process for their latest album Holocene, and as such the trilogy was extended by one to make it a four part concept.Holocene sees the band add a closing chapter to their paleontology-inspired album series, presenting a gear shift towards the electronic world while reaching new depths of heaviness at the same time.Staps sat down with HEAVY to bring us the latest."It has a bit of a different emphasis than previous ones," he began talking about Holocene, "more electronic but still heavy."With the album coming out back on May 19 we ask Stap how the early reception to Holocene has been."It's been quite overwhelming," he smiled. "There's nothing but Holocene in the feed for a week now, and I think people are very enthusiastic about the record. We weren't sure - we're never sure - because each one of our records takes a bit of a different direction while staying true to the essence I hope. We like to challenge ourselves and our listeners and not just repeat the same formula each and every time. You never really know how people will react, so it's always interesting. This one has been exceptionally well and we can't wait to actually play it live."In the full interview Robin explains the electronic element more and why they have gone down that path, the conclusion of the paleontology inspired album series and what might come next, getting atmospherics in your music and how difficult that is to do, the pressures of a successful album, their upcoming live shows and more.

The gang celebrates their 10 year anniversary by talking about two papers on the same topic that are 10 years apart. Both papers take a critical look at how we define the “big five” mass extinctions and what this term means. Meanwhile, everyone waxes philosophical for the last 20 minutes, discussing how things have changed in our lives since we started this weird show. Thanks for listening!   Up-Goer Five (Curt Edition): Our friends talk about two papers that were written ten years from each other. Both papers look at times when a lot of animals died. The first paper is looking at how these times changed the types of animals that were around after the big dying, and it finds that some times that didn't kill as many animals had much bigger changes in the types of animals around than times when a lot more animals died. The second paper continues this idea to ask, why do we look at the big times that we do and is there anything about these times that make the all the same. What do these times mean?   References: Marshall, Charles R. "Forty years later: The status of the “Big Five” mass extinctions." Cambridge Prisms: Extinction 1 (2023): e5. McGhee Jr, George R., et al. "A new ecological-severity ranking of major Phanerozoic biodiversity crises." Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 370 (2013): 260-270.

The geological record shows that the Earth's carbon cycle suffered over 30 major disruptions during the Phanerozoic. Some of the biggest ones were accompanied by mass extinctions. Dan Rothman analyzed these disruptions to find a pattern governing their magnitude and duration. As he explains in the podcast, this pattern is suggestive of a non-linear dynamical system that, once excited, undergoes a large excursion before returning to where it was. Could we be exciting such a disruption now? He shows that the mass of anthropogenic carbon emissions forecast by the end of the century is about the same as the mass of carbon dioxide outgassed by the massive volcanism that generated the portion of the Deccan Traps deposited just before the end-Cretaceous extinction. This leads him to hypothesize that, while the Chixclub meteor impact may have been the direct cause of the extinction, the disruption of the carbon cycle caused by the outgassing of CO₂ during this prolific series of eruptions contributed to the environmental change associated with mass extinction. Go to https://www.geologybites.com/ for illustrations that support this episode and to learn more about the Geology Bites.

RC is still feeling the effects of the Halloween shiny, reflective Foil Brother, so he discovers the differences between tin and aluminum. With clarity returned and napping mastered, he reviews the factors behind the phenomenon of the Urban Heat Island Effect, and relates how charts of heat waves in the US can be deceptive by manipulating data and wording descriptions that leave the actual point of the graphs unclear. Other more direct graphs blatantly show how comparably low current concentrations of CO2 are and how global temperatures were much higher than they have been the last five million years during the onset and cycling of ice ages. What is proposed as the optimum temperature that we should be striving toward? And what is being proposed as solutions to manage that temperature, that may leave us hamstrung in the face of natural climate change? Kosmographia Ep091 The Randall Carlson Podcast with Brothers of the Serpent – Kyle and Russ, Normal Guy Mike, and GeocosmicREX admin Bradley, from 11/03/22. In the name of liberty and freedom, we are moving this podcast to our new partner platform! 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Ethan Panner the rockmanethan  on all social medias, Binghamton University master student specializing in tectonic geomorphology.check out Ethan Tik Tok as he cracks open rock that have not seen the light of day in millions of years.Ethan Tik Tok https://vm.tiktok.com/TTPdrX2PB3/Linktr.eehttps://linktr.ee/ethpenSubscribe YouTube https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCb-X7wvMYSyywC1X3kUjHUAR2 Cents Instagram https://www.instagram.com/r2_cents/R2 cents Twitterhttps://twitter.com/r2_cents_R2 Cents Tik Tokhttps://vm.tiktok.com/ZMe4GkPev/R2 Cents reddithttps://www.reddit.com/u/r2_oscar_mike_cents?utm_medium=android_app&utm_source=share  Produced by: Oscar CRBuzzsprout - Let's get your podcast launched! Start for FREEDisclaimer: This post contains affiliate links. If you make a purchase, I may receive a commission at no extra cost to you.

Welcome to The Nonlinear Library, where we use Text-to-Speech software to convert the best writing from the Rationalist and EA communities into audio. This is: Pangea: The Worst of Times, published by John G. Halstead on the AI Alignment Forum. 260 million years ago, our planet had an unfamiliar geography. Nearly all of the landmasses were united into a single giant continent known as ‘Pangea' that stretched from pole to pole. On the other side of the world you would find a vast ocean, even larger than the present Pacific, called Panthalassa. The Pangean era lasted 160 million years, and 80 million of these were extremely inhospitable to animal and plant life, coinciding with two mass extinctions and four other major extinction events. This is why Paul Wignall, a Professor of Palaeoenvironments at Leeds has called the Pangean era ‘The Worst of Times'. Understanding why the Pangean era was so miserable helps inform several questions of interest to those studying existential risk. ● What level of natural existential risk do we face now, and have we faced in the past? ● What is the threat of super-volcanic eruptions? ● How much existential risk does anthropogenic climate change pose? 1. Background There have been five mass extinctions so far. The Ordovician–Silurian (450-440 million years ago) and the Late Devonian (375-360 million years ago) each preceded the age of Pangea. The Pangean period coincided with the two worst mass extinctions, the huge Permian-Triassic mass extinction (252 million years ago) and the Triassic-Jurassic extinction event (201 million years ago).[1] The last crisis, the Cretaceous–Paleogene event (65 million years ago), accounted for the dinosaurs and occurred once continental drift had done its business and Pangea had broken apart. With the exception of the end Cretaceous extinction, since the breakup of Pangea, it has been relatively plain sailing for Earth's various species, until humans started killing off other species themselves. [2] As one can see on this diagram, in the 145 million years since the start of the Cretaceous, the average rate of global genus extinctions from extinction events has been around 5% and never passed 15%, except for the death of the dinosaurs. But in the 80 million years from the first Pangean extinction event, the Capitanian, to the early Jurassic extinction events, the average rate of global genus extinctions in extinction events is more around 15-20%, and 12 events produced global genus extinction rates in excess of 15%. Below is a useful chart from Wikipedia on the Phanerozoic, which shows the long-term trend in biodiversity as well as the impact of different extinction events. Again, this highlights how unusually bad things were in the Pangean era - specifically the 80 million years after the Capitanian extinction event 260 million years ago. But it also highlights how good things have been since the end of the Pangean era and the start of the Cretaceous (145 million years ago). 2. What caused such ecological trauma in Pangea? Huge volcanic eruptions were implicated in all of the six major extinction events in the Pangean era. One can see this in the first diagram above, where the volcanic eruptions are shown at the top and the line traces down to corresponding extinction events at the bottom. Every Pangean extinction event coincided with the outpouring of enormous fields of lava that, once cooled, produced what geologists call Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs).[3] To put these LIPs in context, the eruption of Mount Pinatubo in 1991 produced 10 cubic km of magma, which caused the Earth to cool by about half a degree. The eruption of the Siberian Traps which appeared to cause the end Permian extinction produced 3 million cubic km of magma. You can see the volume of magma for all major LIPs at the top of the first diagram above. These volcanic eruptions emitted sulphur dioxide, carbon dioxide and halogen gases, each of which could potentially have an effect on the ecosys...

The fossil record goes back through the Phanerozoic eon, about 540 million years, and even earlier, into the Ediacaran period. But while the fossils provide incontrovertible evidence of ancient life, the fossils themselves are certainly not alive. In fossils, the original organic matter belonging to the fossilized life form has been replaced by inorganic materials, cast into the shape formerly occupied by the life form. However, in some situations, the original organic matter does survive. For example, original spores as old as 350 million years have been identified using their original organic material. And DNA can survive for as much as a million years. But in 2019, bacteria that had been buried 100 million years with barely any access to nutrients were not only identified but shown to be alive. Had they been in suspended animation for all that time? Or were they managing to eke out a living using much less energy than was previously thought to be necessary? Steve D'Hondt is a Professor of Oceanography at the University of Rhode Island. He studies life beneath the sea floor and was on the team that discovered bacterial cells living in 100 million-year-old sediment. To see podcast illustrations and learn more about Geology Bites, go to geologybites.com.

Set your time machines for the dawn of the Phanerozoic! In this episode host David Mountain travels all the way back to the Cambrian period and dives into an unrecognisable world of bizarre creatures and treacherous environments.Helping to make sense of the oddest period in prehistory are Dr Martin Smith, a palaeontologist at Durham University (https://www.dur.ac.uk/directory/profile/?id=14260; https://smithlabdurham.github.io/; https://twitter.com/palaeosmith) and Dr Xiaoya Ma, a palaeontologist at the University of Exeter (https://biosciences.exeter.ac.uk/staff/profile/index.php?web_id=Xiaoya_Ma). If you want to find out more about the Cambrian and its creatures then be sure to check out their research!Follow The Backpacker's Guide To Prehistory on Twitter @prehistoryguide. Find out more at prehistoryguide.co.uk.Sound effects from Zapsplat.com.

The gang talks about two papers that look at changes in ecological interactions through deep time. The first paper looks at how ecological networks changed from the Permian into the Triassic, and the second paper looks at how echinoid diversity patterns compare to echinoid predation patterns. Meanwhile, James has some choice words about Elon Musk, Amanda’s stream is torn “into pieces”, and Curt once again would really like to start the second half of the podcast…   Up-Goer Five (Curt Edition): Our friends talk about how animals and things that are not animals can build a place to live together, and how that changes over time. The first paper looks at how the places these animals and not animals build can change when things get really bad. It looks at two places in the past and uses numbers to see how these places change by getting more busy or less busy. They find that before most of the times when lots of stuff died, the places built by these animals and not animals were getting easy to fall to pieces. This is not true for this one time where things go really bad though, which is interesting and means that what was happening when things got really bad must be different. The second paper looks at how a round animal in the water with hard hurt causing parts have changed over time and tries to see if being eaten caused some change. The paper finds that there are some changes that happen when we see these things get eaten, but also a lot of the changes are happening before we see these things get eaten.   References: Petsios, Elizabeth, et al. "An  asynchronous Mesozoic marine revolution: the Cenozoic intensification of  predation on echinoids." Proceedings of the Royal Society B 288.1947 (2021): 20210400. Huang, Yuangeng, et al. "Ecological  dynamics of terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems across three  mid-Phanerozoic mass extinctions from northwest China." Proceedings of the Royal Society B 288.1947 (2021): 20210148.

Facts About ! Credits: Executive Producer: Chris Krimitsos Voice: Jimmy Murray "Upbeat Forever", "Winner Winner!" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Facts from Wikipedia Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License

The Eon in which we live is called the Phanerozoic, which comes from the ancient Greek word for visible life. The eon starts with the Cambrian, which began 541 million years ago. But in recent decades it has become increasingly clear from the fossil record that there was visible life before the Cambrian, and complex life at that. So what caused it to emerge then, and what caused it to proliferate and diversify so vigorously in the early Cambrian? Rachel Wood is Professor of Carbonate Geoscience at the University of Edinburgh. She and her team have uncovered fossils that suggest that the fuse of the so called Cambrian explosion was lit in the Ediacaran – the geological period that preceded the Cambrian. Go to geologybites.com for illustrations that include pictures of the Ediacaran fossils Rachel Wood discusses in the podcast and of some of the locations in Siberia and Namibia where she found them, as well as to learn more about Geology Bites.

Metalheads!! We continue our dig through our planet's back history and the Berliner outfit The Ocean Collective's work. The 2018 album Phanerozoic I: Palaeozoic. How did it compare to the 2020 release?

Tijdens de avond waarop oorspronkelijk de blackmetalavond van de Zware Metalen jubileumconcertreeks in P60 plaats zou vinden, nemen een chagrijnige Pim en een dekking zoekende Niels uit pure ellende maar een nieuwe aflevering van Osmium - de zwaarste podcast in het Nederlands - op. Thuis opgesloten gaan ze op een nostalgische tour. De uitslag van de Zware Metalen Millenniumlijst is namelijk bekend en dus zijn er een hoop nuances uit te diepen. Tevens zit Pim tien jaar in de redactie van Zware Metalen en viert Osmium haar eerste verjaring. Redenen tot feesten dus, maar we houden het noodzakelijkerwijs bij twee debatterende nerds. Onderwerpen: Amon Amarth - Twilight Of The Thunder God (00:00) Introductie over het trimmen van fades (00:10) Van hoge hoogten naar diepe diepten: de versobering van de Zware Metalen jubileumconcerten in P60 (02:25) Het IQ van het virus met onderscheid tussen high-brow en low-brow cultuur (04:26) De segway der segways en de vakantie van Niels naar Zweden (07:44) Nog een segway van hoge kwaliteit: de millenniumlijst van Zware Metalen (12:21) The Satanist op #1, het magnum opus van Behemoth (14:47) Met Amon Amarth op #2 de laatste twee hoofdacts van FortaRock aan de top (17:16) Gojira overspoelt de top 20 met drie albums (20:18) Comebackplaat van Iron Maiden op #8 (22:01) Amenra met Mass VI als hoogst genoteerde band van eigen bodem (24:25) Waarom staan er zoveel platen uit 2001 aan de top? (26:22) SpreadsheetPim komt terug met zijn spreadsheetporno (29:01) Tegenvallers aan de onderkant: de droogte van 2009 tot en met 2012 (33:25) Cross-correlaties van de notering in de millenniumlijst en de jaarlijst destijds (38:35) Opvallendheden, zoals geen Death Magnetic in de top 50 (40:28) Waarom de millenniumlijst minder belangrijk voelde dan de gewone jaarlijsten (45:30) Pim's betrokkenheid bij Zware Metalen door de afgelopen 10 jaar heen (47:29) Terugkijken op de eerste twintig afleveringen van Osmium, en waar de podcast heen kan gaan in de toekomst (53:00) Luistertip van Niels: Greg Puciato - Child Soldier: Creator Of God, ex-frontman van The Dillinger Escape Plan doet lekker z'n eigen ding (01:00:00) Luistertip van Pim: HEALTH - DISCO4 :: PART I, het summum van industrieel eclecticisme met hyperpop, transgenderelektro, trapmetal en grindcore (01:04:35) Te gast tijdens de volgende aflevering: Inge Janse van de radioshow Dood & Verderf (01:01:00) Shout-outs (01:11:19)

Metalheads! It is time for us to dive into Tracey's pick for an album released in September. The ninth studio album from the Berlin outfit know as The Ocean Collective Phanerozoic II: Mesozoic | Cenozoic. Big History, big prog.

Founding member and guitarist of German Progressive Metal band The Ocean, Robin Staps discusses their history and desire to articulate and form a musically diversity on the evolution and progression of humanity since the dawn of time.

The Ocean, the progressive and post-metal band, is set to release their new album “Phanerozoic II: Mesozoic | Cenozoic” on September 25th through Metal Balde Records (CD / digital) and the band´s Pelagic Records (vinyl). Such album will conclude the Phanerozoic journey initiated by the band’s previous record, with a bolder, more experimental, darker, and more progressive musical direction.  The result [...] The post ROBIN STAPS of THE OCEAN discusses new album “Phanerozoic II: Mesozoic | Cenozoic”: ‘Everybody Has to Find Relevance In Music, Art, Lyrics, Find Relevance To Their Own Lives.’ appeared first on Sonic Perspectives.

The Ocean mastermind Robin Staps is back on the show to discuss the band's new album, Phanerozoic II: Mesozoic|Cenozoic. Robin discusses how the two Phanerozoic albums sound completely different despite being recorded at the same time, Jonas from Katatonia's guest appearance, the difficultly in finding fossils for the box set version of the album, and how he predicted the future with regards to Covid-19 in The Ocean's Collective Oblivion DVD, released in 2013. Robin also shares his thoughts on Pelagial making some best-of-decade lists, the delayed recognition that record got from his fanbase, and the importance of his father being a jazz musician in his musical path. Petar, Brandon, and Jozalyn discuss recording the podcast on Petar's 40th birthday, and the untimely death of Power Trip's Riley Gale. Songs: The Ocean - “Jurassic/Cretaceous" (featuring. Jonas Renske of Katatonia), Varg - “Zeichen” and Power Trip - “Executioner's Tax (Swing of The Axe)”

Guitarist and founder Robin Staps of progressive metal group The Ocean joins us in this episode of IUF. From philosophy, globalization, and writings from Friedrich Nietzsche – Robin takes all of his influences and manifests it into some of the most unique sounds and lyrical content in metal music. It's not even about having a theme anymore for this German metal band's sound, but rather, it's about the literary teachings The Ocean have learned and putting it on display for the world to digest. Telling a story is one thing, but illustrating it into sound and unique dialect is another. Robin talks about the new album “Phanerozoic”, partnering up with guest vocalist Jonas Renkse, and how the new album is divided into two parts. So many topics to take in with this talented musician, and he covers everything that traces back from the beginning of his career. Listen in now and make sure to buy./stream The Oceans newest epic “Phanerozoic II: Mesozoic|Cenozoic” out September 25th on Metal Blade Records.

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The Cenozoic Era began with the destruction of the dinosaurs, and would see the rise to dominance and wild diversification of the birds and the mammals, including the emergence of a curious primate species.

The Paleozoic Era saw the rapid emergence of increasingly complex life forms that filled the sea and the land, but they would all face extinction during the events known as the Great Dying.

The Mesozoic Era saw the evolutionary emergence and rise to dominance of the dinosaurs, and the emergence of early bird and mammal ancestors.

The gang discusses two papers that look at the extinction and survivorship patterns of clades across the Triassic mass extinction event. Specifically, they look at changes in morphospace in ray-finned fishes as well as phylogenetic patterns of extinction in early archosaurs. Interestingly enough, both studies suggest very low ecological selection (at least in the characteristics we can study in the fossil record), but the archosaur study shows clear phylogenetic clustering of extinction. Meanwhile, James works on his social media engagement, Amanda perfects the concept of a joke, and Curt discovers this podcast’s theme far too late.   Up-Goer Five (Curt Edition): The friends talk about two papers which look at a time that was really bad when nearly anything died. But this time is slightly different from the other, more well known ones. Its not the biggest, and its not the one everyone thinks of. Instead, this bad time when everything dies happens just a little after the worst of the bad times where everything dies, and may have been important for the angry animals with no hair and large teeth. The friends talk about how two different types of animals that were changed by this really bad time. The first are things living in the water who can move through the water and have a flipper where their legs and arms should be. This first paper looks at how the form of these flipper animals changed before and after the bad time. What they found was that the form of these flipper animals didn't get changed by the both the really bad time, and the bad time very few people think about. They think this might mean that the bad time focused on hurting flipper animals that liked it to be warm or cold wet or dry. It also could be that these animals had a single job in their home. This is because form often changes when animals take on new jobs or move to a new home with different things the animals have to deal with. This might mean that these flipper animals just were not changed in any way but these big bad times of death. But the other paper looks at animals on land who are aunt and uncle to the big angry animals with no hair and large teeth. This paper did not look at the form of these aunts and uncles, but it did look at the sons and daughters and brothers and sisters that these animals had. It also looked at how these aunts and uncles of big angry animals lived; what was their job and how did they like it (warm, cold, wet, dry)? What the paper found was the bad time of death did not kill these aunts and uncles of big angry animals because of their jobs or how they liked to live. So this seems pretty much the same as the paper about the flipper animals. However, the paper also found that if a close brother or sister died during the bad time, their closest brothers and sisters were also going to die. This makes things hard to understand, because close brothers and sisters usually live in places that are almost or very much the same and/or have jobs that are almost or very much the same. The bad time seems to be killing close families, but not because of how they like to live or their job. This could mean that we are missing important things about how this animals liked to live which we just aren't looking for, or maybe we can't look for. It also makes us wonder if more animals might show something very much the same to these flipper animals and these aunts and uncles of big angry animals.   References: Smithwick, Fiann M., and Thomas L. Stubbs. "Phanerozoic survivors: Actinopterygian evolution through the Permo‐Triassic and Triassic‐Jurassic mass extinction events." Evolution 72.2 (2018): 348-362.   Allen, Bethany J., et al. "Archosauromorph extinction selectivity during the Triassic–Jurassic mass extinction." Palaeontology 62.2 (2019): 211-224. 

Conheça o mais recente trabalho do Festerday! Metal Mantra - O Podcast Onde o Metal é Sagrado Você esta ouvindo Metal Mantra - SEG a SEX @00 ShowNotes Álbum do Episódio -  Links comentados -  Episódios Recomendados - Nos mande suas perguntas, sugestões, criticas, correções, elogios ou quaisquer outros comentários: Email - metalmantrapodcast@gmail.com Fb - Twitter - Instagram - @metalmantrapod Ouça primeiro em - anchor.fm/metalsagrado Metal Mantra - Podcast Para o Metal Sagrado #MetalMantra

Conheça o mais recente trabalho do The Ocean! Metal Mantra - O Podcast Onde o Metal é Sagrado Você esta ouvindo Metal Mantra Best of 2018 - saiba mais em http://bit.ly/2GRzWpE ShowNotes Álbum do Episódio - The Ocean - Phanerozoic I: Palaeozoic Links comentados - Episódios Recomendados - Nos mande suas perguntas, sugestões, criticas, correções, elogios ou quaisquer outros comentários: Email - metalmantrapodcast@gmail.com Fb - Twitter - Instagram - @metalmantrapod Ouça primeiro em - anchor.fm/metalsagrado Metal Mantra - Podcast Para o Metal Sagrado #MetalMantra

The Triassic–Jurassic extinction event marks the boundary between the Triassic and Jurassic periods, 201.3 million years ago, and is one of the major extinction events of the Phanerozoic eon, profoundly affecting life on land and in the oceans. In the seas, a whole class (conodonts) and 34% of marine genera disappeared. On land, all archosaurs other than crocodylomorphs (Sphenosuchia and Crocodyliformes) and Avemetatarsalia (pterosaurs and dinosaurs), some remaining therapsids, and many of the large amphibians became extinct.

The Triassic–Jurassic extinction event marks the boundary between the Triassic and Jurassic periods, 201.3 million years ago, and is one of the major extinction events of the Phanerozoic eon, profoundly affecting life on land and in the oceans. In the seas, a whole class (conodonts) and 34% of marine genera disappeared. On land, all archosaurs other than crocodylomorphs (Sphenosuchia and Crocodyliformes) and Avemetatarsalia (pterosaurs and dinosaurs), some remaining therapsids, and many of the large amphibians became extinct.

This week we host The Ocean mastermind Robin Staps. We discuss recording parts of the band's new album Phanerozoic 1: Paleozoic in Iceland, what it was like laying down tracks in a studio that used to be a swimming pool, why The Ocean always release double albums, the reason he gives listeners the option to listen to an instrumental version of his songs, how Phanerozoic is the end of an era for band, the amount of time he would like for Part 2 prior to release, why it's so difficult for bands from Europe to tour the states, how physical album sales are still strong in Germany and much of Europe, his enjoyment of the business side of music as much as the artistic side, and what brings him a true sense of peace in 2018. Petar, Brandon, and Jozalyn tackle the tragic news of the passing of Old Herbert from All That Remains and how important he was to his peers, and Scott Kelly's decision to cancel his tour with Mirrors for Psychic Warfare due to his struggles with mental illness. Songs: All That Remains - “Chiron The Ocean - “Devonian: Nascent” Korpiklanni - “Kotikonnut”

Raymond Pierrehumbert, holder of the Halley Professorship of Physics at Oxford, gives the 2017 annual Wolfson Haldane Lecture. The lecture is introduced by Hermione Lee, College President. The Proterozoic is the period of Earth history extending from approximately 2.5 billion years ago to 550 million years ago, and makes up something over half of all Earth history to date. It begins with a dramatic rise in oxygen in the atmosphere, global “snowball” glaciations, and major disturbances of the carbon cycle, and ends with another period of carbon cycle fluctuations accompanied by the two Snowball glaciations; shortly after the exit from the second of these, the first multicellular life appears in the fossil record, and not long thereafter comes the Cambrian explosion. However, between the two eras of great climate disruption extends a period of about a billion years in which nothing much is happening, either from the standpoint of evolutionary innovation (insofar as visible for single-celled life in the fossil record) or from the standpoint of glaciation or biogeochemical cycling. This is the “boring billion” — the geological waiting room for the modern era of the Phanerozoic leading to the appearance of intelligent life on Earth. But what was the pacemaker determining the exit from the Boring Billion? Were we unlucky in the duration of the wait? Were we just lucky, and could it have been the Boring Two Billion? That would have in fact precluded the emergence of complex life on Earth, or any other planet orbiting a star like the Sun, since the gradual brightening of a Sunlike star over time throws an Earthlike planet into a runaway greenhouse state after about 4.5 billion years (roughly a half billion years from now), whereafter the planet loses its oceans and turns into an uninhabitable Venus-like world. Thus, the nature of the Boring Billion, and the factors that terminated it, have a very great bearing on whether we are alone in the universe. Dim red dwarf stars, which age more slowly than Sunlike stars, are known to have planets and perhaps offer more chances for complex life to emerge, but have their own challenges, which will also be discussed in this lecture.

Thanks to Audible for supporting this video. Get your free 30-day trial at https://www.audible.com/minuteearth Thanks also to our Patreon patrons: Today I Found Out, Maarten Bremer, Mark Roth, Jeff Straathof, Tony Fadell, Ahmed, Muhammad Shifaz, Vidhya Krishnaraj, Luka Leskovsek, Duhilio Patino, Alberto Bortoni, Valentin, Nicholas Buckendorf, and Antoine Coeur ___________________________________________ Want to learn more about the topic in this week’s video? Here are some keywords/phrases to get your googling started: – Mass Extinction Event: a significant, global decrease in the diversity of life – "Big 5": The five biggest mass extinction events since the Cambrian explosion of Life 550 million years ago – Biodiversity Crisis: Like a mass extinction, a biodiversity crisis is a marked depletion in diversity in the fossil record. Some scientists prefer to call the late-Devonian extinction a "biodiversity crisis" because a lack of speciation contributed to the loss in diversity just as much as extinction did. – Diversity curve: A line chart that shows the diversity of life (usually by genera, but sometimes by species or family) over time – Lagerstatte: a deposit of sedimentary rock that contains a profound number of fossils, often with excellent preservation – Shareholder Quorum Subsampling: A statistical method that corrects for some of the biases in the fossil record, allowing scientists to generate more accurate diversity curves ___________________________________________ Credits: Script Writer: Emily Elert (twitter:@eelert) Script Editor: Kate Yoshida (twitter:@KateYoshida) Video Illustrator: Ever Salazar (twitter:@eversalazar) Video Director: Emily Elert (twitter:@eelert) With Contributions From: Henry Reich (twitter:@minutephysics), Alex Reich (twitter:@alexhreich), Peter Reich Music by: Nathaniel Schroeder: http://www.soundcloud.com/drschroeder _________________________________________ Like our videos? Subscribe to MinuteEarth on YouTube: http://goo.gl/EpIDGd And for exclusive early access to all our videos, sign up with Vessel: https://goo.gl/hgD1iJ Already subscribed? Help us keep making MinuteEarth by supporting us on Patreon: https://goo.gl/ZVgLQZ Also, say hello on: Facebook: http://goo.gl/FpAvo6 Twitter: http://goo.gl/Y1aWVC And find us on itunes: https://goo.gl/sfwS6n ________________________ References: Alroy, J. (2015). Personal Communication. Alroy, J. (2008). Dynamics of origination and extinction in the marine fossil record. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 11536-11542. Retrieved April 8, 2015, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/artic... Alroy, J. (n.d.). Accurate and precise estimates of origination and extinction rates. Paleobiology, 40(3), 374-397. Retrieved September 20, 2015, from https://www.nceas.ucsb.edu/~alroy/pdf... Benton, M. (2003). When life nearly died: The greatest mass extinction of all time. New York: Thames & Hudson. Barrett, Paul M. (2015). Personal Communication. Fossilworks: Gateway to the Paleobiology Database. http://fossilworks.org/?page=paleodb Lloyd, GT, Smith, AB and Young, JR, (2011). Quantifying the deep-sea rock and fossil record bias using coccolithophores. Geological Society Special Publication, 358 (1), 167-177. Mcghee, G., Clapham, M., Sheehan, P., Bottjer, D., & Droser, M. (2013). A new ecological-severity ranking of major Phanerozoic biodiversity crises. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 370, 260-270. Raup, D. (1979). Biases in the fossil record of species and genera. Bulletin of the Carnegie Museum of Natural History 13: 85–91. Raup, D., & Sepkoski, J. (1982). Mass Extinctions in the Marine Fossil Record. Science, 215(4539), 1501-1503. Vermeij, GJ. (2015). Personal Communication.

Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the age of the Earth. It was once thought that the world began in 4004 BC. Lord Kelvin calculated the cooling temperature of a rock the size of our planet and came up with a figure of 20 million years for the age of the Earth. Now, the history of our planet is divided into four great Eons: the Hadean, the Archaen, the Proterozoic and the Phanerozoic. Together, they are taken to encompass an incredible four and a half billion years. How can we begin to make sense of such a huge swathe of time? And can we be sure that we have got the Earth's age right? Geologists use Eras, Periods and Epochs to further punctuate what's known as 'Deep Time', but can we be sure that the classifications we use don't obscure more than they reveal? With Richard Corfield, Research Associate in the Department of Earth Sciences at Oxford University; Hazel Rymer, Senior Lecturer in the Department of Earth Sciences at the Open University; Henry Gee, Senior Editor at Nature.

Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the age of the Earth. It was once thought that the world began in 4004 BC. Lord Kelvin calculated the cooling temperature of a rock the size of our planet and came up with a figure of 20 million years for the age of the Earth. Now, the history of our planet is divided into four great Eons: the Hadean, the Archaen, the Proterozoic and the Phanerozoic. Together, they are taken to encompass an incredible four and a half billion years. How can we begin to make sense of such a huge swathe of time? And can we be sure that we have got the Earth's age right? Geologists use Eras, Periods and Epochs to further punctuate what's known as 'Deep Time', but can we be sure that the classifications we use don't obscure more than they reveal? With Richard Corfield, Research Associate in the Department of Earth Sciences at Oxford University; Hazel Rymer, Senior Lecturer in the Department of Earth Sciences at the Open University; Henry Gee, Senior Editor at Nature.