The earliest part of Earth's history: 4600–541 million years ago
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2 episodes with Precambrian
2 episodes with Precambrian
2 episodes with Precambrian
2 episodes with Precambrian
2 episodes with Precambrian
Send us a textTyler Chilabecki's love affair with the Saskatchewan wilderness began with a fishing rod in his hand at just three years old. Now, as the creator behind the YouTube channel Puddle Jumper, he's on a mission to shatter stereotypes about his home province one paddle stroke at a time."Everyone thinks of Saskatchewan as flat prairies and wheat," Tyler explains with the weariness of someone who's heard it once too often. "But half our province is boreal forest and Canadian Shield." This northern wilderness forms the backdrop for his solo paddling adventures, which range from weekend trips to epic three-week journeys through some of Canada's most untouched waterways.What makes Saskatchewan's backcountry uniquely appealing is the profound solitude it offers. While popular parks like Algonquin might have portage trails "like superhighways" with paddlers carrying coolers and boxes of wine, Tyler describes paddling for 12 days in Northern Saskatchewan without seeing another soul. Even in the province's "busier" paddling areas around Missinipi on the Churchill River, traffic is minimal compared to other Canadian paddling destinations.The geological diversity adds another layer of fascination. In the "Pelican Window" area, paddlers can find three-billion-year-old Precambrian rock formations that create dramatic landscapes unlike anything you'd expect from Saskatchewan. Tyler's eyes light up describing the Athabasca Sand Dunes, Hunt Falls (the province's largest waterfall), and ancient pictographs along historic voyageur routes that connect the province's vast network of lakes and rivers.For those inspired to explore Saskatchewan's hidden waterways, Tyler recommends connecting with local outfitters and using resources like GoTrekker maps. Many routes remain undocumented, requiring paddlers to study satellite imagery and topographic maps – adding an element of genuine exploration to each trip. As Tyler puts it: "There's so much to explore here and so much that's undocumented. That's where I keep my focus – trying to document these different routes that no one really knows about."Ready for a paddling adventure that defies expectations? Follow Tyler's journeys on the Puddle Jumper YouTube channel and discover the Saskatchewan that tourists never see.https://www.youtube.com/@puddlejumper-skSupport the showCONNECT WITH US AT SUPER GOOD CAMPING:Support the podcast & buy super cool SWAG: https://store.skgroupinc.com/super_good_camping/shop/homeEMAIL: hi@supergoodcamping.comWEBSITE: www.supergoodcamping.comYOUTUBE: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCqFDJbFJyJ5Y-NHhFseENsQINSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/super_good_camping/TWITTER: https://twitter.com/SuperGoodCampinFACEBOOK GROUP: https://www.facebook.com/groups/SuperGoodCamping/TIKTOK: https://www.tiktok.com/@supergoodcamping Support the show
If we did not evolve from apes, then where did we come from? Human Devolution is Michael Cremo's definitive answer to this question. In his characteristic style of meticulous documentation and research, Cremo offers a fresh and scientifically based perspective on human origins, with an emphasis on state-of-the-art consciousness studies. Take a fascinating tour through incredible enigmas of time and space, ranging from Precambrian microfossils to black holes to the planets of demigods, and discover how we devolved from pure consciousness to this earthly realm.Michael A Cremo is a research associate of the Bhaktivedanta Institute specializing in the history and philosophy of science. His persistent investigations during the eight years of writing Forbidden Archeology documented a major scientific cover-up. Richard L. Thompson, founding member of the Bhaktivedanta Institute, received his Ph.D. in mathematics form Cornell University.https://www.mcremo.com/Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/earth-ancients--2790919/support.
HeLIX Exploration PLC CEO Bo Sears takes Proactive's through initial drilling results from the ongoing campaign at the Ingomar Dome project in Montana's Helium Fairway. Sears shared the company's excitement about the recent mud log results, which show some of the highest helium readings he has encountered in his career. With concentrations reaching up to 673 parts per million, these results are 130 times above the background level, confirming the presence of a significant helium system. Sears emphasised that helium shows are present in both the Amsden and Charles formations, with drilling now targeting the Flathead and Precambrian basement rocks. He also noted the increasing helium concentration with depth, particularly in the Flathead Formation, which is a primary target. As the drilling progresses, Helix is eager to explore these promising findings further, and the company expects to reach the next target formation within the next few days. The results so far have validated their expectations of discovering a productive helium system. Visit Proactive's YouTube channel for more updates on HeLIX Exploration PLC and other insights from industry leaders. Don't forget to like the video, subscribe to the channel, and enable notifications for future content. #HeliumExploration #HeliumDrilling #MontanaHelium #IngomarDome #BoSears #HeLIXExploration #EnergyResources #NaturalGasExploration #ProactiveInvestors #ProactiveInvestors #invest #investing #investment #investor #stockmarket #stocks #stock #stockmarketnews
Varying creationist perspectives on the Precambrian.
How do young earth creationists interpret the Precambrian?
What did old earth geologists get wrong about the Precambrian?
What do Old Earth Geologists believe happened during the Precambrian?
What sort of rocks can be found in the Precambrian layers?
What secrets do the rock layers of the Precambrian hold?
Nate Loper speaks about the story of creation through the lens of science and the Bible. PT. 1 - FLOOD GEOLOGY – 3 Rock-Solid Evidences for a Global Flood as seen at the Grand Canyon: • Great Unconformity - A massive erosional boundary from fast-moving water seen between the Pre-Cambrian rocks and the Cambrian Tapeats Sandstone. The Great Unconformity is seen around the world. • Cambrian Explosion - An “explosion” within the rock record where fossils are found suddenly and seen around the world beginning at the same strata position. A mystery of evolutionary biology explained by the onset of the Flood, containing creatures buried by the worldwide catastrophe. The “Cambrian Explosion of Life” coincides with the same “explosion of erosion” seen in the Great Unconformity. • Extent of Sedimentary Layers - Examples include the Tapeats Sandstone and its global equivalent. Material carried by fast-moving water across multiple continents at the same time. Pt. 2 - SPACE AND ASTRONOMY: • The Flatness Problem – The universe appears to be expanding at a perfect rate. Too much expansion and the universe flies apart. Too little expansion and the universe contracts on itself. • Spiral Galaxies – Spiral galaxies rotate differently yet show clear spiral arms. If billions of years were to have occurred, the galaxies should have spun themselves into disks, with no spiral arms visible. • Recession of the Moon – The moon is moving away from the earth about 1.5 inches at present. At calculated rates, the earth and moon should have been touching only 1.5 billion years ago. Pt. 3 - HUMAN BIOLOGY: • Fingerprints - Showcase uniqueness and the beauty of individuality. • Human Eye - A design of incredible complexity. • Blood Vessels - We have 60,000 miles of blood vessels running through our bodies, organized by design. • Human Body - The beauty of our bodies showcase the creative power of God and the value He sees in us.
The Beast from the Beginning of Time (1965) is a story we've seen many times: archaeologists find a caveman who wakes up and kills everyone. It doesn't have the camp of Trog, or the star power of Horror Express, or the quotable lines of The Neanderthal Man, or the catchy surf-rock tunes of Eegah, or the budget of Neander-Jin... Well, enjoy the episode. Win some SotSA Merch! Send your mistakes, inaccuracies, and corrections to us by email or social media:Twitter: @SotSA_Podcast Bluesky: @sotsapodcast.bsky.socialFacebook: @SotSAPodcastLetterboxd: https://letterboxd.com/sotsa/ Email: screensofthestoneage@gmail.com In this episode:Watch The Beast from the Beginning of Time on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bxtboADRTuwLiquid scintillation counting: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IdFWcJFMUlI Rigor mortis: https://www.thoughtco.com/what-causes-rigor-mortis-601995 Lichtenberg figures (Lightning fern burns): https://www.glenallenweather.com/alink/20thunder/Lichtenberg%20Figures.pdf Thagomizer: https://www.amusingplanet.com/2020/07/thagomizer-why-stegosaurus-spiky-tail.html Learn more about archaeological giants on Digging Up Ancient Aliens: https://diggingupancientaliens.com/episode-55-giants.html The Myth of the Moundbuilders: https://www.thoughtco.com/moundbuilder-myth-history-and-death-171536 J.B.S. Haldane's “Precambrian rabbits”: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precambrian_rabbit
The Beast from the Beginning of Time (1965) is a story we've seen many times: archaeologists find a caveman who wakes up and kills everyone. It doesn't have the camp of Trog, or the star power of Horror Express, or the quotable lines of The Neanderthal Man, or the catchy surf-rock tunes of Eegah, or the budget of Neander-Jin… Well, enjoy the episode. Win some SotSA Merch! Send your mistakes, inaccuracies, and corrections to us by email or social media: Twitter: @SotSA_Podcast Bluesky: @sotsapodcast.bsky.social Facebook: @SotSAPodcast Letterboxd: https://letterboxd.com/sotsa/ Email: screensofthestoneage@gmail.com In this episode: Watch The Beast from the Beginning of Time on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bxtboADRTuw Liquid scintillation counting: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IdFWcJFMUlI Rigor mortis: https://www.thoughtco.com/what-causes-rigor-mortis-601995 Lichtenberg figures (Lightning fern burns): https://www.glenallenweather.com/alink/20thunder/Lichtenberg%20Figures.pdf Thagomizer: https://www.amusingplanet.com/2020/07/thagomizer-why-stegosaurus-spiky-tail.html Learn more about archaeological giants on Digging Up Ancient Aliens: https://diggingupancientaliens.com/episode-55-giants.html The Myth of the Moundbuilders: https://www.thoughtco.com/moundbuilder-myth-history-and-death-171536 J.B.S. Haldane's “Precambrian rabbits”: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precambrian_rabbit
This week, Fika with Vicky welcomes Author Janet Trull. We'll be looking into her books End of the Line and Something's Burning. Quote from Janet: “The backroads are unpaved, unplowed and unpopular. All the best stories start here.” When I came into contact with End of the Line, I had to agree. It had found my sweet spot. Ordinary people living their lives become extraordinary stories of resilience when a pen is placed in the correct hands. Janet Trull has those hands. About End of the Line: Haliburton, Ontario, 1878. The new Victoria Rail Line delivers hundreds of immigrants to the last station in the Northern Townships. Some are wealthy, ready to take advantage of new opportunities. Most are poor and illiterate. The farmland is free. All you must do is build a cabin and raise crops out of Precambrian rock. The fortunate ones find their way up the ridge to the Nunnery where women practice traditions from mixed ancestries. They are skilled in midwifery and hunting. Are you hungry? Lonely? Do you need a cure for venereal disease? The nuns can help. Too bad the moral folk in the village disapprove. The ones who make laws and build churches and profit from felled trees. It takes a brutal murder to reveal the worst of human greed and the best of the human heart. The dead have much to teach the living at the end of the line. About Something's Burning: A collection of short fiction about betrayal and belonging in times of social upheaval. Small town settings. Big world themes. About Janet: Janet Trull lives in the Haliburton Highlands, a land of blue lakes and rocky shores. She is the author of two critically acclaimed collections of short fiction, Hot Town and Something's Burning, both published by At Bay Press , Winnipeg. With small town settings and big world themes, her stories examine the tension between neighbours, genders, and generations during times of social and cultural change. A graduate of English at McMaster University, Trull focused on literacy throughout her career as an educator. She was a Reading Recovery teacher, a Literacy Coach and a Student Achievement Officer for the Ontario Ministry of Education. Her essays, professional writing and short stories have appeared in a wide variety of publications, including the Globe and Mail, Toronto Star, Canadian Living Magazine, Prairie Fire, The New Quarterly, subTerrain Magazine, and Geist. Subscribers to the Haliburton County Echo recognize Trull as a frequent contributor, with nostalgic essays about skinny dips, campfires and lazy afternoons in hammocks. These are accessible on her website, trullstories.com Janet Trull is the recipient of several awards, including a CBC Canada Writes challenge, a Western Magazine Award nomination, and a Commonwealth Fiction prize. Terry Fallis, two-time winner of the Stephen Leacock Medal for Humour, says, “Janet Trull knows her way around people and communities as well as the issues that hold them together, and sometimes break them apart.”
This week, Fika with Vicky welcomes Author Janet Trull. We'll be looking into her books End of the Line and Something's Burning. Quote from Janet: “The backroads are unpaved, unplowed and unpopular. All the best stories start here.” When I came into contact with End of the Line, I had to agree. It had found my sweet spot. Ordinary people living their lives become extraordinary stories of resilience when a pen is placed in the correct hands. Janet Trull has those hands. About End of the Line: Haliburton, Ontario, 1878. The new Victoria Rail Line delivers hundreds of immigrants to the last station in the Northern Townships. Some are wealthy, ready to take advantage of new opportunities. Most are poor and illiterate. The farmland is free. All you must do is build a cabin and raise crops out of Precambrian rock. The fortunate ones find their way up the ridge to the Nunnery where women practice traditions from mixed ancestries. They are skilled in midwifery and hunting. Are you hungry? Lonely? Do you need a cure for venereal disease? The nuns can help. Too bad the moral folk in the village disapprove. The ones who make laws and build churches and profit from felled trees. It takes a brutal murder to reveal the worst of human greed and the best of the human heart. The dead have much to teach the living at the end of the line. About Something's Burning: A collection of short fiction about betrayal and belonging in times of social upheaval. Small town settings. Big world themes. About Janet: Janet Trull lives in the Haliburton Highlands, a land of blue lakes and rocky shores. She is the author of two critically acclaimed collections of short fiction, Hot Town and Something's Burning, both published by At Bay Press , Winnipeg. With small town settings and big world themes, her stories examine the tension between neighbours, genders, and generations during times of social and cultural change. A graduate of English at McMaster University, Trull focused on literacy throughout her career as an educator. She was a Reading Recovery teacher, a Literacy Coach and a Student Achievement Officer for the Ontario Ministry of Education. Her essays, professional writing and short stories have appeared in a wide variety of publications, including the Globe and Mail, Toronto Star, Canadian Living Magazine, Prairie Fire, The New Quarterly, subTerrain Magazine, and Geist. Subscribers to the Haliburton County Echo recognize Trull as a frequent contributor, with nostalgic essays about skinny dips, campfires and lazy afternoons in hammocks. These are accessible on her website, trullstories.com Janet Trull is the recipient of several awards, including a CBC Canada Writes challenge, a Western Magazine Award nomination, and a Commonwealth Fiction prize. Terry Fallis, two-time winner of the Stephen Leacock Medal for Humour, says, “Janet Trull knows her way around people and communities as well as the issues that hold them together, and sometimes break them apart.”
Banded Iron Formations (BIFs) are a visually striking group of sedimentary rocks that are iron rich and almost exclusively deposited in the Precambrian. Their existence points to a major marine iron cycle that does not operate today. Several theories have been proposed to explain how the BIFs formed. While they all involve the precipitation of ferric (Fe3+) iron hydroxides from the seawater via oxidation of dissolved ferrous (Fe2+) iron that was abundant when the oceans contained very low levels of free oxygen, they disagree as to how this oxidation occurred. In the podcast, Clark Johnson describes how oxidation could have occurred without the presence of abundant free oxygen in the oceans. Clark Johnson is a Professor Emeritus in the Department of Geoscience at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
-- Finches Diversify in Decades, Opals Form in Months, Man's Genetic Diversity in 200 Generations, C-14 Everywhere: Real Science Radio hosts Bob Enyart and Fred Williams present their classic program that led to the audience-favorites rsr.org/list-shows! See below and hear on today's radio program our list of Not So Old and Not So Slow Things! From opals forming in months to man's genetic diversity in 200 generations, and with carbon 14 everywhere it's not supposed to be (including in diamonds and dinosaur bones!), scientific observations fill the guys' most traditional list challenging those who claim that the earth is billions of years old. Many of these scientific finds demand a re-evaluation of supposed million and billion-year ages. * Finches Adapt in 17 Years, Not 2.3 Million: Charles Darwin's finches are claimed to have taken 2,300,000 years to diversify from an initial species blown onto the Galapagos Islands. Yet individuals from a single finch species on a U.S. Bird Reservation in the Pacific were introduced to a group of small islands 300 miles away and in at most 17 years, like Darwin's finches, they had diversified their beaks, related muscles, and behavior to fill various ecological niches. Hear about this also at rsr.org/spetner. * Opals Can Form in "A Few Months" And Don't Need 100,000 Years: A leading authority on opals, Allan W. Eckert, observed that, "scientific papers and textbooks have told that the process of opal formation requires tens of thousands of years, perhaps hundreds of thousands... Not true." A 2011 peer-reviewed paper in a geology journal from Australia, where almost all the world's opal is found, reported on the: "new timetable for opal formation involving weeks to a few months and not the hundreds of thousands of years envisaged by the conventional weathering model." (And apparently, per a 2019 report from Entomology Today, opals can even form around insects!) More knowledgeable scientists resist the uncritical, group-think insistence on false super-slow formation rates (as also for manganese nodules, gold veins, stone, petroleum, canyons and gullies, and even guts, all below). Regarding opals, Darwinian bias led geologists to long ignore possible quick action, as from microbes, as a possible explanation for these mineraloids. For both in nature and in the lab, opals form rapidly, not even in 10,000 years, but in weeks. See this also from creationists by a geologist, a paleobiochemist, and a nuclear chemist. * Finches Speciate in Two Generations vs Two Million Years for Darwin's Birds? Darwin's finches on the Galapagos Islands are said to have diversified into 14 species over a period of two million years. But in 2017 the journal Science reported a newcomer to the Island which within two generations spawned a reproductively isolated new species. In another instance as documented by Lee Spetner, a hundred birds of the same finch species introduced to an island cluster a 1,000 kilometers from Galapagos diversified into species with the typical variations in beak sizes, etc. "If this diversification occurred in less than seventeen years," Dr. Spetner asks, "why did Darwin's Galapagos finches [as claimed by evolutionists] have to take two million years?" * Blue Eyes Originated Not So Long Ago: Not a million years ago, nor a hundred thousand years ago, but based on a peer-reviewed paper in Human Genetics, a press release at Science Daily reports that, "research shows that people with blue eyes have a single, common ancestor. A team at the University of Copenhagen have tracked down a genetic mutation which took place 6-10,000 years ago and is the cause of the eye colour of all blue-eyed humans alive on the planet today." * Adding the Entire Universe to our List of Not So Old Things? Based on March 2019 findings from Hubble, Nobel laureate Adam Riess of the Space Telescope Science Institute and his co-authors in the Astrophysical Journal estimate that the universe is about a billion years younger than previously thought! Then in September 2019 in the journal Science, the age dropped precipitiously to as low as 11.4 billion years! Of course, these measurements also further squeeze the canonical story of the big bang chronology with its many already existing problems including the insufficient time to "evolve" distant mature galaxies, galaxy clusters, superclusters, enormous black holes, filaments, bubbles, walls, and other superstructures. So, even though the latest estimates are still absurdly too old (Google: big bang predictions, and click on the #1 ranked article, or just go on over there to rsr.org/bb), regardless, we thought we'd plop the whole universe down on our List of Not So Old Things! * After the Soft Tissue Discoveries, NOW Dino DNA: When a North Carolina State University paleontologist took the Tyrannosaurus Rex photos to the right of original biological material, that led to the 2016 discovery of dinosaur DNA, So far researchers have also recovered dinosaur blood vessels, collagen, osteocytes, hemoglobin, red blood cells, and various proteins. As of May 2018, twenty-six scientific journals, including Nature, Science, PNAS, PLoS One, Bone, and Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, have confirmed the discovery of biomaterial fossils from many dinosaurs! Organisms including T. Rex, hadrosaur, titanosaur, triceratops, Lufengosaur, mosasaur, and Archaeopteryx, and many others dated, allegedly, even hundreds of millions of years old, have yielded their endogenous, still-soft biological material. See the web's most complete listing of 100+ journal papers (screenshot, left) announcing these discoveries at bflist.rsr.org and see it in layman's terms at rsr.org/soft. * Rapid Stalactites, Stalagmites, Etc.: A construction worker in 1954 left a lemonade bottle in one of Australia's famous Jenolan Caves. By 2011 it had been naturally transformed into a stalagmite (below, right). Increasing scientific knowledge is arguing for rapid cave formation (see below, Nat'l Park Service shrinks Carlsbad Caverns formation estimates from 260M years, to 10M, to 2M, to it "depends"). Likewise, examples are growing of rapid formations with typical chemical make-up (see bottle, left) of classic stalactites and stalagmites including:- in Nat'l Geo the Carlsbad Caverns stalagmite that rapidly covered a bat - the tunnel stalagmites at Tennessee's Raccoon Mountain - hundreds of stalactites beneath the Lincoln Memorial - those near Gladfelter Hall at Philadelphia's Temple University (send photos to Bob@rsr.org) - hundreds of stalactites at Australia's zinc mine at Mt. Isa. - and those beneath Melbourne's Shrine of Remembrance. * Most Human Mutations Arose in 200 Generations: From Adam until Real Science Radio, in only 200 generations! The journal Nature reports The Recent Origin of Most Human Protein-coding Variants. As summarized by geneticist co-author Joshua Akey, "Most of the mutations that we found arose in the last 200 generations or so" (the same number previously published by biblical creationists). Another 2012 paper, in the American Journal of Physical Anthropology (Eugenie Scott's own field) on High mitochondrial mutation rates, shows that one mitochondrial DNA mutation occurs every other generation, which, as creationists point out, indicates that mtEve would have lived about 200 generations ago. That's not so old! * National Geographic's Not-So-Old Hard-Rock Canyon at Mount St. Helens: As our List of Not So Old Things (this web page) reveals, by a kneejerk reaction evolutionary scientists assign ages of tens or hundreds of thousands of years (or at least just long enough to contradict Moses' chronology in Genesis.) However, with closer study, routinely, more and more old ages get revised downward to fit the world's growing scientific knowledge. So the trend is not that more information lengthens ages, but rather, as data replaces guesswork, ages tend to shrink until they are consistent with the young-earth biblical timeframe. Consistent with this observation, the May 2000 issue of National Geographic quotes the U.S. Forest Service's scientist at Mount St. Helens, Peter Frenzen, describing the canyon on the north side of the volcano. "You'd expect a hard-rock canyon to be thousands, even hundreds of thousands of years old. But this was cut in less than a decade." And as for the volcano itself, while again, the kneejerk reaction of old-earthers would be to claim that most geologic features are hundreds of thousands or millions of years old, the atheistic National Geographic magazine acknowledges from the evidence that Mount St. Helens, the volcanic mount, is only about 4,000 years old! See below and more at rsr.org/mount-st-helens. * Mount St. Helens Dome Ten Years Old not 1.7 Million: Geochron Laboratories of Cambridge, Mass., using potassium-argon and other radiometric techniques claims the rock sample they dated, from the volcano's dome, solidified somewhere between 340,000 and 2.8 million years ago. However photographic evidence and historical reports document the dome's formation during the 1980s, just ten years prior to the samples being collected. With the age of this rock known, radiometric dating therefore gets the age 99.99999% wrong. * Devils Hole Pupfish Isolated Not for 13,000 Years But for 100: Secular scientists default to knee-jerk, older-than-Bible-age dates. However, a tiny Mojave desert fish is having none of it. Rather than having been genetically isolated from other fish for 13,000 years (which would make this small school of fish older than the Earth itself), according to a paper in the journal Nature, actual measurements of mutation rates indicate that the genetic diversity of these Pupfish could have been generated in about 100 years, give or take a few. * Polystrates like Spines and Rare Schools of Fossilized Jellyfish: Previously, seven sedimentary layers in Wisconsin had been described as taking a million years to form. And because jellyfish have no skeleton, as Charles Darwin pointed out, it is rare to find them among fossils. But now, reported in the journal Geology, a school of jellyfish fossils have been found throughout those same seven layers. So, polystrate fossils that condense the time of strata deposition from eons to hours or months, include: - Jellyfish in central Wisconsin were not deposited and fossilized over a million years but during a single event quick enough to trap a whole school. (This fossil school, therefore, taken as a unit forms a polystrate fossil.) Examples are everywhere that falsify the claims of strata deposition over millions of years. - Countless trilobites buried in astounding three dimensionality around the world are meticulously recovered from limestone, much of which is claimed to have been deposited very slowly. Contrariwise, because these specimens were buried rapidly in quickly laid down sediments, they show no evidence of greater erosion on their upper parts as compared to their lower parts.- The delicacy of radiating spine polystrates, like tadpole and jellyfish fossils, especially clearly demonstrate the rapidity of such strata deposition. - A second school of jellyfish, even though they rarely fossilized, exists in another locale with jellyfish fossils in multiple layers, in Australia's Brockman Iron Formation, constraining there too the rate of strata deposition. By the way, jellyfish are an example of evolution's big squeeze. Like galaxies evolving too quickly, galaxy clusters, and even human feet (which, like Mummy DNA, challenge the Out of Africa paradigm), jellyfish have gotten into the act squeezing evolution's timeline, here by 200 million years when they were found in strata allegedly a half-a-billion years old. Other examples, ironically referred to as Medusoid Problematica, are even found in pre-Cambrian strata. - 171 tadpoles of the same species buried in diatoms. - Leaves buried vertically through single-celled diatoms powerfully refute the claimed super-slow deposition of diatomaceous rock. - Many fossils, including a Mesosaur, have been buried in multiple "varve" layers, which are claimed to be annual depositions, yet they show no erosional patterns that would indicate gradual burial (as they claim, absurdly, over even thousands of years). - A single whale skeleton preserved in California in dozens of layers of diatom deposits thus forming a polystrate fossil. - 40 whales buried in the desert in Chile. "What's really interesting is that this didn't just happen once," said Smithsonian evolutionist Dr. Nick Pyenson. It happened four times." Why's that? Because "the fossil site has at least four layers", to which Real Science Radio's Bob Enyart replies: "Ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha", with RSR co-host Fred Williams thoughtfully adding, "Ha ha!" * Polystrate Trees: Examples abound around the world of polystrate trees: - Yellowstone's petrified polystrate forest (with the NPS exhibit sign removed; see below) with successive layers of rootless trees demonstrating the rapid deposition of fifty layers of strata. - A similarly formed polystrate fossil forest in France demonstrating the rapid deposition of a dozen strata. - In a thousand locations including famously the Fossil Cliffs of Joggins, Nova Scotia, polystrate fossils such as trees span many strata. - These trees lack erosion: Not only should such fossils, generally speaking, not even exist, but polystrates including trees typically show no evidence of erosion increasing with height. All of this powerfully disproves the claim that the layers were deposited slowly over thousands or millions of years. In the experience of your RSR radio hosts, evolutionists commonly respond to this hard evidence with mocking. See CRSQ June 2006, ICR Impact #316, and RSR 8-11-06 at KGOV.com. * Yellowstone Petrified Trees Sign Removed: The National Park Service removed their incorrect sign (see left and more). The NPS had claimed that in dozens of different strata over a 40-square mile area, many petrified trees were still standing where they had grown. The NPS eventually removed the sign partly because those petrified trees had no root systems, which they would have had if they had grown there. Instead, the trees of this "fossil forest" have roots that are abruptly broken off two or three feet from their trunks. If these mature trees actually had been remnants of sequential forests that had grown up in strata layer on top of strata layer, 27 times on Specimen Ridge (and 50 times at Specimen Creek), such a natural history implies passage of more time than permitted by biblical chronology. So, don't trust the National Park Service on historical science because they're wrong on the age of the Earth. * Wood Petrifies Quickly: Not surprisingly, by the common evolutionary knee-jerk claim of deep time, "several researchers believe that several millions of years are necessary for the complete formation of silicified wood". Our List of Not So Old and Not So Slow Things includes the work of five Japanese scientists who proved creationist research and published their results in the peer-reviewed journal Sedimentary Geology showing that wood can and does petrify rapidly. Modern wood significantly petrified in 36 years these researchers concluded that wood buried in strata could have been petrified in "a fairly short period of time, in the order of several tens to hundreds of years." * The Scablands: The primary surface features of the Scablands, which cover thousands of square miles of eastern Washington, were long believed to have formed gradually. Yet, against the determined claims of uniformitarian geologists, there is now overwhelming evidence as presented even in a NOVA TV program that the primary features of the Scablands formed rapidly from a catastrophic breach of Lake Missoula causing a massive regional flood. Of course evolutionary geologists still argue that the landscape was formed over tens of thousands of years, now by claiming there must have been a hundred Missoula floods. However, the evidence that there was Only One Lake Missoula Flood has been powerfully reinforced by a University of Colorado Ph.D. thesis. So the Scablands itself is no longer available to old-earthers as de facto evidence for the passage of millions of years. * The Heart Mountain Detachment: in Wyoming just east of Yellowstone, this mountain did not break apart slowly by uniformitarian processes but in only about half-an-hour as widely reported including in the evolutionist LiveScience.com, "Land Speed Record: Mountain Moves 62 Miles in 30 Minutes." The evidence indicates that this mountain of rock covering 425 square miles rapidly broke into 50 pieces and slid apart over an area of more than 1,300 square miles in a biblical, not a "geological," timeframe. * "150 Million" year-old Squid Ink Not Decomposed: This still-writable ink had dehydrated but had not decomposed! The British Geological Survey's Dr. Phil Wilby, who excavated the fossil, said, "It is difficult to imagine how you can have something as soft and sloppy as an ink sac fossilised in three dimensions, still black, and inside a rock that is 150 million years old." And the Daily Mail states that, "the black ink was of exactly the same structure as that of today's version", just desiccated. And Wilby added, "Normally you would find only the hard parts like the shell and bones fossilised but... these creatures... can be dissected as if they are living animals, you can see the muscle fibres and cells. It is difficult to imagine... The structure is similar to ink from a modern squid so we can write with it..." Why is this difficult for evolutionists to imagine? Because as Dr. Carl Wieland writes, "Chemical structures 'fall apart' all by themselves over time due to the randomizing effects of molecular motion."Decades ago Bob Enyart broadcast a geology program about Mount St. Helens' catastrophic destruction of forests and the hydraulic transportation and upright deposition of trees. Later, Bob met the chief ranger from Haleakala National Park on Hawaii's island of Maui, Mark Tanaka-Sanders. The ranger agreed to correspond with his colleague at Yellowstone to urge him to have the sign removed. Thankfully, it was then removed. (See also AIG, CMI, and all the original Yellowstone exhibit photos.) Groundbreaking research conducted by creation geologist Dr. Steve Austin in Spirit Lake after Mount St. Helens eruption provided a modern-day analog to the formation of Yellowstone fossil forest. A steam blast from that volcano blew over tens of thousands of trees leaving them without attached roots. Many thousands of those trees were floating upright in Spirit Lake, and began sinking at varying rates into rapidly and sporadically deposited sediments. Once Yellowstone's successive forest interpretation was falsified (though like with junk DNA, it's too big to fail, so many atheists and others still cling to it), the erroneous sign was removed. * Asiatic vs. European Honeybees: These two populations of bees have been separated supposedly for seven million years. A researcher decided to put the two together to see what would happen. What we should have here is a failure to communicate that would have resulted after their "language" evolved over millions of years. However, European and Asiatic honeybees are still able to communicate, putting into doubt the evolutionary claim that they were separated over "geologic periods." For more, see the Public Library of Science, Asiatic Honeybees Can Understand Dance Language of European Honeybees. (Oh yeah, and why don't fossils of poorly-formed honeycombs exist, from the millions of years before the bees and natural selection finally got the design right? Ha! Because they don't exist! :) Nautiloid proves rapid limestone formation. * Remember the Nautiloids: In the Grand Canyon there is a limestone layer averaging seven feet thick that runs the 277 miles of the canyon (and beyond) that covers hundreds of square miles and contains an average of one nautiloid fossil per square meter. Along with many other dead creatures in this one particular layer, 15% of these nautiloids were killed and then fossilized standing on their heads. Yes, vertically. They were caught in such an intense and rapid catastrophic flow that gravity was not able to cause all of their dead carcasses to fall over on their sides. Famed Mount St. Helens geologist Steve Austin is also the world's leading expert on nautiloid fossils and has worked in the canyon and presented his findings to the park's rangers at the invitation of National Park Service officials. Austin points out, as is true of many of the world's mass fossil graveyards, that this enormous nautiloid deposition provides indisputable proof of the extremely rapid formation of a significant layer of limestone near the bottom of the canyon, a layer like the others we've been told about, that allegedly formed at the bottom of a calm and placid sea with slow and gradual sedimentation. But a million nautiloids, standing on their heads, literally, would beg to differ. At our sister stie, RSR provides the relevant Geologic Society of America abstract, links, and video. * Now It's Allegedly Two Million Year-Old Leaves: "When we started pulling leaves out of the soil, that was surreal, to know that it's millions of years old..." sur-re-al: adjective: a bizarre mix of fact and fantasy. In this case, the leaves are the facts. Earth scientists from Ohio State and the University of Minnesota say that wood and leaves they found in the Canadian Arctic are at least two million years old, and perhaps more than ten million years old, even though the leaves are just dry and crumbly and the wood still burns! * Gold Precipitates in Veins in Less than a Second: After geologists submitted for decades to the assumption that each layer of gold would deposit at the alleged super slow rates of geologic process, the journal Nature Geoscience reports that each layer of deposition can occur within a few tenths of a second. Meanwhile, at the Lihir gold deposit in Papua New Guinea, evolutionists assumed the more than 20 million ounces of gold in the Lihir reserve took millions of years to deposit, but as reported in the journal Science, geologists can now demonstrate that the deposit could have formed in thousands of years, or far more quickly! Iceland's not-so-old Surtsey Island looks ancient. * Surtsey Island, Iceland: Of the volcanic island that formed in 1963, New Scientist reported in 2007 about Surtsey that "geographers... marvel that canyons, gullies and other land features that typically take tens of thousands or millions of years to form were created in less than a decade." Yes. And Sigurdur Thorarinsson, Iceland's chief geologist, wrote in the months after Surtsey formed, "that the time scale," he had been trained "to attach to geological developments is misleading." [For what is said to] take thousands of years... the same development may take a few weeks or even days here [including to form] a landscape... so varied and mature that it was almost beyond belief... wide sandy beaches and precipitous crags... gravel banks and lagoons, impressive cliffs… hollows, glens and soft undulating land... fractures and faultscarps, channels and screes… confounded by what met your eye... boulders worn by the surf, some of which were almost round... -Iceland's chief geologist * The Palouse River Gorge: In the southeast of Washington State, the Palouse River Gorge is one of many features formed rapidly by 500 cubic miles of water catastrophically released with the breaching of a natural dam in the Lake Missoula Flood (which gouged out the Scablands as described above). So, hard rock can be breached and eroded rapidly. * Leaf Shapes Identical for 190 Million Years? From Berkley.edu, "Ginkgo biloba... dates back to... about 190 million years ago... fossilized leaf material from the Tertiary species Ginkgo adiantoides is considered similar or even identical to that produced by modern Ginkgo biloba trees... virtually indistinguishable..." The literature describes leaf shapes as "spectacularly diverse" sometimes within a species but especially across the plant kingdom. Because all kinds of plants survive with all kinds of different leaf shapes, the conservation of a species retaining a single shape over alleged deep time is a telling issue. Darwin's theory is undermined by the unchanging shape over millions of years of a species' leaf shape. This lack of change, stasis in what should be an easily morphable plant trait, supports the broader conclusion that chimp-like creatures did not become human beings and all the other ambitious evolutionary creation of new kinds are simply imagined. (Ginkgo adiantoides and biloba are actually the same species. Wikipedia states, "It is doubtful whether the Northern Hemisphere fossil species of Ginkgo can be reliably distinguished." For oftentimes, as documented by Dr. Carl Werner in his Evolution: The Grand Experiment series, paleontogists falsely speciate identical specimens, giving different species names, even different genus names, to the fossil and living animals that appear identical.) * Box Canyon, Idaho: Geologists now think Box Canyon in Idaho, USA, was carved by a catastrophic flood and not slowly over millions of years with 1) huge plunge pools formed by waterfalls; 2) the almost complete removal of large basalt boulders from the canyon; 3) an eroded notch on the plateau at the top of the canyon; and 4) water scour marks on the basalt plateau leading to the canyon. Scientists calculate that the flood was so large that it could have eroded the whole canyon in as little as 35 days. See the journal Science, Formation of Box Canyon, Idaho, by Megaflood, and the Journal of Creation, and Creation Magazine. * Manganese Nodules Rapid Formation: Allegedly, as claimed at the Wikipedia entry from 2005 through 2021: "Nodule growth is one of the slowest of all geological phenomena – in the order of a centimeter over several million years." Wow, that would be slow! And a Texas A&M Marine Sciences technical slide presentation says, “They grow very slowly (mm/million years) and can be tens of millions of years old", with RWU's oceanography textbook also putting it at "0.001 mm per thousand years." But according to a World Almanac documentary they have formed "around beer cans," said marine geologist Dr. John Yates in the 1997 video Universe Beneath the Sea: The Next Frontier. There are also reports of manganese nodules forming around ships sunk in the First World War. See more at at youngearth.com, at TOL, in the print edition of the Journal of Creation, and in this typical forum discussion with atheists (at the Chicago Cubs forum no less :). * "6,000 year-old" Mitochondrial Eve: As the Bible calls "Eve... the mother of all living" (Gen. 3:20), genetic researchers have named the one woman from whom all humans have descended "Mitochondrial Eve." But in a scientific attempt to date her existence, they openly admit that they included chimpanzee DNA in their analysis in order to get what they viewed as a reasonably old date of 200,000 years ago (which is still surprisingly recent from their perspective, but old enough not to strain Darwinian theory too much). But then as widely reported including by Science magazine, when they dropped the chimp data and used only actual human mutation rates, that process determined that Eve lived only six thousand years ago! In Ann Gibbon's Science article, "Calibrating the Mitochondrial Clock," rather than again using circular reasoning by assuming their conclusion (that humans evolved from ape-like creatures), they performed their calculations using actual measured mutation rates. This peer-reviewed journal then reported that if these rates have been constant, "mitochondrial Eve… would be a mere 6000 years old." See also the journal Nature and creation.com's "A shrinking date for Eve," and Walt Brown's assessment. Expectedly though, evolutionists have found a way to reject their own unbiased finding (the conclusion contrary to their self-interest) by returning to their original method of using circular reasoning, as reported in the American Journal of Human Genetics, "calibrating against recent evidence for the divergence time of humans and chimpanzees," to reset their mitochondrial clock back to 200,000 years. * Even Younger Y-Chromosomal Adam: (Although he should be called, "Y-Chromosomal Noah.") While we inherit our mtDNA only from our mothers, only men have a Y chromosome (which incidentally genetically disproves the claim that the fetus is "part of the woman's body," since the little boy's y chromosome could never be part of mom's body). Based on documented mutation rates on and the extraordinary lack of mutational differences in this specifically male DNA, the Y-chromosomal Adam would have lived only a few thousand years ago! (He's significantly younger than mtEve because of the genetic bottleneck of the global flood.) Yet while the Darwinian camp wrongly claimed for decades that humans were 98% genetically similar to chimps, secular scientists today, using the same type of calculation only more accurately, have unintentionally documented that chimps are about as far genetically from what makes a human being a male, as mankind itself is from sponges! Geneticists have found now that sponges are 70% the same as humans genetically, and separately, that human and chimp Y chromosomes are "horrendously" 30%
Interview by Kris PetersAfter a long period of member changes - including around 40 in the first two years of the band - Berlin progressive metal outfit The Ocean have finally had a settled lineup for a prolonged period of time and the results are clearly evident in the consistently high quality of releases enjoyed by the band in recent times. Following the universal success of the Phanerozoic double release of albums, which was meant to close the conceptual trilogy started on 2007's Precambrian, guitarist and surviving original member Robin Staps found his mind wandering back to that franchise during the writing process for their latest album Holocene, and as such the trilogy was extended by one to make it a four part concept.Holocene sees the band add a closing chapter to their paleontology-inspired album series, presenting a gear shift towards the electronic world while reaching new depths of heaviness at the same time.Staps sat down with HEAVY to bring us the latest."It has a bit of a different emphasis than previous ones," he began talking about Holocene, "more electronic but still heavy."With the album coming out back on May 19 we ask Stap how the early reception to Holocene has been."It's been quite overwhelming," he smiled. "There's nothing but Holocene in the feed for a week now, and I think people are very enthusiastic about the record. We weren't sure - we're never sure - because each one of our records takes a bit of a different direction while staying true to the essence I hope. We like to challenge ourselves and our listeners and not just repeat the same formula each and every time. You never really know how people will react, so it's always interesting. This one has been exceptionally well and we can't wait to actually play it live."In the full interview Robin explains the electronic element more and why they have gone down that path, the conclusion of the paleontology inspired album series and what might come next, getting atmospherics in your music and how difficult that is to do, the pressures of a successful album, their upcoming live shows and more.
Saludos geonáufragos. Llegamos tarde pero más vale tarde que nunca. Iniciamos el programa de hoy hablando sobre la inminente Geoquedada que tendrá lugar este fin de semana del 19 al 21 de mayo. Y también comentamos por encima (a toro pasado) la celebración del Geolodía en España. Para entrar en materia empezamos resolviendo una cuestión sobre las "bolsas" de hidrógeno que nos plantearon el mes pasado. Mario expone el tema con tremenda maestría. Aquí os dejamos los enlaces para que profundicéis más en el tema: Hidden hydrogen: Earth may hold vast stores of a renewable, carbon-free fuel The contribution of the Precambrian continental lithosphere to global H2 production Helios Aragón aspira a convertir la región en hub europeo del hidrógeno ErasmoPower2X, el gran proyecto hidrógeno verde de Power2X y Soto Solar para Saceruela (Ciudad Real) Otras noticias que hemos comentado han sido: NASA mission detects first seismic waves traveling through the center of Mars First observations of core-transiting seismic phases on Mars Realidad virtual en el Geoparc Origens Geólogos piden un apartado en solitario en el listado de conocimientos del Real decreto de Departamentos universitarios El cohete Starship de SpaceX despega en vuelo de prueba inaugural, pero explota en el aire Realiza una donación Grupo de Telegram: t.me/geocastawaypodcast CURSOS ACADEMIA GEOCASTAWAY Web: http://geocastaway.com Twitter: http://twitter.com/geocastaway Facebook: http://facebook.com/geocastaway Youtube: http://youtube.com/geocastaway Correo: geocastaway@gmail.com
Colossians 2:8 Beware lest any man spoil you through philosophy and vain deceit, after the tradition of men, after the rudiments of the world, and not after Christ. To support this ministry financially, visit: https://www.oneplace.com/donate/1232/29
Colossians 2:8 Beware lest any man spoil you through philosophy and vain deceit, after the tradition of men, after the rudiments of the world, and not after Christ. To support this ministry financially, visit: https://www.oneplace.com/donate/1232/29
Dinosaurs. Jurassic Park. Smithsonian. Dreams. Young Earth Creationism. Cretaceous. Ankylosaurus. Suaropoda. Zoids.
Andy Knoll is a Renaissance Scientist. He is a geologist, paleobiologist, and geochemist and has applied key ideas from chemistry, biology, physiology and more to understanding the key developments associated with life on Earth—both how geology and chemistry have impacted on life, and vice versa. He has made ground breaking contributions to the understanding of almost every phase of life, from early Pre-Cambrian single cell life, to the emergence of more complex lifeforms, to mass extinctions. His group was the first to demonstrate that the rapid rise of CO2 was probably responsible for the last great extinction on Earth, a subject of some relevance today. For his work he most recently won the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Crafoord Prize in Geosciences… the equivalent of the Nobel Prize in that field.But more than all of this, Andy is a wonderful teacher and human being, and a great communicator . He has written numerous books on the history of life on Earth, and we discussed his most recent book, “A Brief History of Earth: Four Billion Years in Eight Chapters” in this podcast, along with his own origins and evolution as a scientist. The discussion was so fascinating that we went overtime during our first session and had to continue the next day. Our discussion will forever change your perspective on our planet, and our place within it. Enjoy.As always, an ad-free video version of this podcast is also available to paid Critical Mass subscribers . Your subscriptions support the non-profit Origins Project Foundation, which produces the podcast. The audio version is available free on the Critical Mass site and on all podcast sites, and the video version will also be available on the Origins Project Youtube channel as well. Get full access to Critical Mass at lawrencekrauss.substack.com/subscribe
On today's ID the Future Casey Luskin hosts distinguished German paleontologist Günter Bechly to discuss Bechly's essay in the recent Harvest House anthology, The Comprehensive Guide to Science and Faith: Exploring the Ultimate Questions About Life and the Cosmos. Darwinian evolution predicts a gradually branching tree of living forms, with one form shading into another over long periods of evolution, with each transitional step almost too modest to notice. Does the fossil record suggest such a pattern? Quite the opposite, Bechly says. Instead the pattern of the fossil record is consistently one of sudden appearance, and evolutionists have yet to successfully construct a single robustly populated series of gradually transitioning fossils that move chronologically from one form to a distinctly different Read More › Source
Scientists have identified one of the earliest multicellular algae. Their new method could help unlock much more information from Precambrian fossils. Read the post at https://www.botany.one/2022/01/what-does-chlorophyll-leave-behind-after-a-billion-years/ Read the original research at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-27810-7
* The Flesh: Just as gravity affects our physical universe, our flesh affects our spiritual lives. On this special edition of Real Science Radio, we present a previously aired episode of Theology Thursday. * Trading Genesis: Check out Bob Enyart's theistic evolution presentation in Malibu: * From the RSR Email Inbox:Forwarded conversation Subject: Guys, this email thread btw some guy Ken and me re dino bones cracks me up... ------------------------ From: Bob Enyart Date: Wed, Sep 30, 2015 at 5:56 PM To: Jane Albright, Kevin Lea In chronological order... On Wed, Sep 30, 2015 at 12:30 PM, k wrote: Dan says you will pay me 10,000 to test some material for you. Please let me know how to collect the 10k. I could use the money, also please let me know how you would like to freight the material to me and where you would like me to freight it to for testing. ------------------------ On 9/30/2015 2:42 PM, Bob Enyart wrote: 10,000 what? Dan who? Ken, maybe you've emailed the wrong person? - Bob EnyartKGOV.com - RealScienceRadio.com - rsr.org - DinosaurSoftTissue.com ------------------------ On Wed, Sep 30, 2015 at 1:45 PM, k wrote: Hi Bob, Ah maybe, sorry if so. A friend told me to get in contact with you about collecting ten thousand dollars to test some material. I know now it was a joke... LOL Sorry again, ~ Ken ------------------------ On 9/30/2015 3:20 PM, Bob Enyart wrote: :) - Bob EnyartKGOV.com - RealScienceRadio.com - rsr.org - DinosaurSoftTissue.com https://youtu.be/t8FfF2BgP9E [RSR Trading Genesis video]https://youtu.be/ML-p2CV8SHU [RSR Dino Soft Tissue video trailer] ------------------------ On Wed, Sep 30, 2015 at 5:13 PM, k wrote: Very sorry, but my friend Dan is pretty worked up, I think the joke will not die... So I will send you what he says and I promise not to take any more of your important time. " You should reply to him and tell him that you would like to date a dinosaur bone for C-14 and that you have heard he offers 10,000 dollars (link him to the video) for someone to do it. Then he will probably clarify.. " Again, please forgive me for this, ~ Ken ---------- Forwarded message ---------- From: Bob Enyart Date: Wed, Sep 30, 2015 at 5:46 PM Subject: Re: 10 dogs To: k Yes, of course, a thousand pardons Ken for not understanding you right off. Your friend Dan is right to be worked up. There's real money to be made here. This brief YouTube video documents our verbal offer to paleontologist Jack (smell-these-dino-bones) Horner, and then a scan of our written grant offer follows, as does an excerpt from our rsr.org/soft-tissue page... youtu.be/PXy7EH13lCo [Bob's call to Jack Horner]And Ken, then there's this, from atop our rsr.org/dino-soft-tissue page... * Summer 2015 UPDATE: Two Dinosaur Soft Tissue Predictions Confirmed! Real Science Radio hosts Bob Enyart and Fred Williams had predicted on air and in writing atrsr.org/predictions that: - Dinosaur soft tissue will be found not only in rare circumstances, but rather easily, i.e., when looked for. CONFIRMED in JUNE 2015! The journal Nature Communications reported original tissue in six of eight dinosaur bones investigated, leading to the conclusion that "preservation is more common than previously thought." And: - Original dinosaur and other soft tissue will be found largely independent of the claimed age of the fossil. CONFIRMED in April 2014! The Journal of Paleontology reported original soft tissue in Precambrian "beard worms" that are allegedly 530 million years old! Here, RSR presents the scientific journals reporting, the kinds of biological material found so far, and the dinosaurs yielding up these exciting discoveries: Scientific Journals: Nature, Science, PNAS, PLoS One, Proceedings of the Royal Society, Bone, Acta Histochemica, the Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, and others below in our chronological catalog, "the web's most complete list of dinosaur soft tissue discoveries," as published in many leading journals, according to a co-author of one of those papers. Biological Material Found: As of April 2015, in fossils from dinosaur-layer and deeper strata, researchers have discovered flexible and transparent blood vessels, red blood cells, many various proteins including the microtubule building block tubulin, collagen, the cytoskeleton component actin, and hemoglobin, bone maintenance osteocyte cells, pigment and evidence of melanosomes, DNA-related histone proteins, and powerful evidence for DNA including positive results from multiple double-helix tests. Dinosaur and Dinosaur-Layer Creatures: The dinosaurs and other Mesozoic creatures that have yielded their biological material are hadrosaur, titanosaur, ornithomimosaur [ostrich-like dinosaurs], mosasaur, [bird-like] Anchiornis huxleyi, triceratops, Lufengosaurs, T. rex, and Archaeopteryx. As you view the exciting scientific discoveries below in this chronological catalog, please feel free to listen to Real Science Radio co-hosts Fred Williams and Bob Enyart observe their annual tradition of presenting dinosaur soft tissue and other amazing discoveries including short-lived left-handed amino acids, DNA, and Carbon 14, all in bones and other specimens from dinosaur-layer Mesozoic and even deeper strata. And finally, as you probably know Ken (although Dan might be a bit slow on the uptake), and as first realized by Libby when he discovered carbon dating, if we can identify carbon 14 atoms that are actually a part of the collagen protein lattice, then they cannot be contamination, but have to be original 14c, which, when we document that in dinosaur protein, then everyone who is anti-science will tightly close their eyes, but everyone else will then have even more incontrovertible evidence that dinosaurs are young, all of them. And, when they lose the dinosaurs, they lose it all. Because dinosaurs have become missionary lizards. For dinosaur soft tissue means that the secular worldview is wrong, which leaves only one man standing, and that is Jesus Christ, who is God. Thanks for writing! - Bob Enyart co-hostRealScienceRadio.com 1-800-8Enyart rsr.org ---------- From: k Date: Wed, Sep 30, 2015 at 8:33 PM Subject: Re: 10 dogs To: Bob Enyart Hi Bob, Thanks very much for the reply! :-) Talk to you soon, ~ Ken
Kath Grey talks about the challenges and successes of her years devoted to using stromatolites to develop a Precambrian biostratigraphy for Australia.
Today, Josiah Alway of Campaign for Christ International explains to us why he doesn't believe in evolution. And it hinges on not doing the barest minimum amount of research.Sources:How do religious Americans see evolution? Depends how they're asked: https://pewrsr.ch/3jmgbXUSt. Augustine and Cosmology: https://bit.ly/3jq6nMJTransitional forms: http://bit.ly/2SjP2I2Transitional Fossils Are Not Rare: https://bit.ly/3ndEQitSolution to Darwin's dilemma: Discovery of the missing Precambrian record of life: https://bit.ly/3G9PWh9The Project Gutenberg eBook of On the Origin of Species, Sixth Edition by Charles Darwin: https://bit.ly/3jpY3MLEvolution will make our wisdom teeth disappear: https://bit.ly/3E7vtYHHumans are still evolving: 3 examples of recent adaptations: https://bit.ly/3nxRKZ5Experimental Demonstration of Violations of the Second Law of Thermodynamics for Small Systems and Short Time Scales: https://bit.ly/2Z4wvoZLife as a manifestation of the second law of thermodynamics: https://bit.ly/3z5Ket5Extraterrestrial ribose and other sugars in primitive meteorites: https://bit.ly/2XwRvnQEvolutionary origins of the blood vascular system and endothelium: https://bit.ly/3eNy2TJDe novo origins of multicellularity in response to predation: https://go.nature.com/2L85Gc3Evidences for Evolution: The Heart and Circulatory System of Vertebrates: https://bit.ly/2Zi9uiESumerian King List: https://bit.ly/2XJ4pzpLong Life Spans in Genesis: Literal or Symbolic?: https://bit.ly/3BoqBwBOriginal Video: https://bit.ly/3GbfDxIAll my various links can be found here:http://links.vicedrhino.com
Justin explores the Precambrian period: a kind of dark ages, spanning most of our planet's history, but about which we have very few fossil records. What we do know is that it contained two of the most important developments in evolution. One gave us a breathable atmosphere. The other made possible all the animals that now breathe it. The Natural History Museum's Imran Rahman introduces Justin to this strange bacterial world, while Aubrey Zerkle of the University of St Andrews explains why cyanobacteria may have been the greatest mass murderers in history.
(image source: https://prehistoric-life.fandom.com/wiki/Charnia) Host Matthew Donald and guest co-host Natasha Krech discuss Charnia, a very early animal that, yes, was an animal. I mean, not like a party animal or anything, although we did think it lived in groups. From the Ediacaran period, this 1-inch to 6-foot tall creature lived so long ago that I actually first learned the term "Ediacaran period" when researching for this episode. I always assumed before the Cambrian it was just "Precambrian"! Who knew you could learn stuff on this show?!
Episode 35 To close out another wonderful season, Season 3, we here at Geology on the Rocks decided to dive deep into all things about the geology of our home state, Texas. While we planned on talking about the specifics of North Texas, it evolved into a broader historical approach. Discussed is the evolution of the Lone Star State from the Precambrian times all the way through to the Cenozoic. The Texas we know and think of today, began as thick sequences of coarse sediment dumped into an ancient sea bordering Laurasia that was eventually buried, squeezed, and heated. Collisions with subsequent mobile belts eventually led to mountains forming, producing metamorphic schists and gneisses along with generating molten magma. The plutons cooled to form the granitic Llano Province around 1.3 to 1.1 billion years ago during the Mesoproterozoic. These Precambrian rocks are seen today in the Llano Uplift in central Texas and in the Franklin Mountains in west Texas. Throughout the Phanerozoic Eon, Texas saw a multitude of marine transgressions and regressions that led to most of Texas' history being submerged by shallow, epeiric seas. This undoubtedly led to the vast expanse of limestones and fossil assemblages we see throughout the state. We also see that during the Carboniferous Period Ouchita Mobile Belt is responsible for the distinctive S-shaped feature seen in geologic maps that spans across Texas. The Permian is responsible for a lot of the red bed formations we see up in the panhandle in the Quartermaster formation and the Dockum Group at Caprock Canyon State Park in Palo Duro Canyon. Near-shore evaporation flats produced deposits of bright red shales along with salt and gypsum deposits. As the supercontinent Pangaea began rifting apart, the Gulf of Mexico began opening allowing for sediment accommodation of the weathering of the uplifted Ouchita Mountains to the southeast. Early restriction of the gulf allowed for multiple evaporative phases that is represented by the famous Louann Salt deposits. During the Cretaceous, sandy shorelines and mudflats record the majestic presence of dinosaurs, most famously seen in the Paluxy River in Glen Rose. You name it, Texas probably has it, geologically speaking. Between the bars of our main discussion we bring to you another Mineral Minute and close things out with Leaves, Driving Slow Motion's latest single from their upcoming album. Sit back and enjoy the Geology of Texas in this final episode of the season! We look forward to starting anew sometime in late August. Until next time, be cool, stay tuned, and keep it on the rocks! --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/geology-on-the-rocks/support
[While Bob & Cheryl Enyart go fishing we invite you to enjoy from the RSR archives our favorite List of Not So Old Things! Photos from today, June 25, 2021.] -- Finches Diversify in Decades, Opals Form in Months, Man's Genetic Diversity in 200 Generations, C-14 Everywhere: Real Science Radio hosts Bob Enyart and Fred Williams present their classic program that led to the audience-favorites rsr.org/list-shows! See below and hear on today's radio program our list of Not So Old and Not So Slow Things! From opals forming in months to man's genetic diversity in 200 generations, and with carbon 14 everywhere it's not supposed to be (including in diamonds and dinosaur bones!), scientific observations fill the guys' most traditional list challenging those who claim that the earth is billions of years old. Many of these scientific finds demand a re-evaluation of supposed million and billion-year ages. * Finches Adapt in 17 Years, Not 2.3 Million: Charles Darwin's finches are claimed to have taken 2,300,000 years to diversify from an initial species blown onto the Galapagos Islands. Yet individuals from a single finch species on a U.S. Bird Reservation in the Pacific were introduced to a group of small islands 300 miles away and in at most 17 years, like Darwin's finches, they had diversified their beaks, related muscles, and behavior to fill various ecological niches. Hear about this also at rsr.org/spetner. * Opals Can Form in "A Few Months" And Don't Need 100,000 Years: A leading authority on opals, Allan W. Eckert, observed that, "scientific papers and textbooks have told that the process of opal formation requires tens of thousands of years, perhaps hundreds of thousands... Not true." A 2011 peer-reviewed paper in a geology journal from Australia, where almost all the world's opal is found, reported on the: "new timetable for opal formation involving weeks to a few months and not the hundreds of thousands of years envisaged by the conventional weathering model." (And apparently, per a 2019 report from Entomology Today, opals can even form around insects!) More knowledgeable scientists resist the uncritical, group-think insistence on false super-slow formation rates (as also for manganese nodules, gold veins, stone, petroleum, canyons and gullies, and even guts, all below). Regarding opals, Darwinian bias led geologists to long ignore possible quick action, as from microbes, as a possible explanation for these mineraloids. For both in nature and in the lab, opals form rapidly, not even in 10,000 years, but in weeks. See this also from creationists by a geologist, a paleobiochemist, and a nuclear chemist. * Finches Speciate in Two Generations vs Two Million Years for Darwin's Birds? Darwin's finches on the Galapagos Islands are said to have diversified into 14 species over a period of two million years. But in 2017 the journal Science reported a newcomer to the Island which within two generations spawned a reproductively isolated new species. In another instance as documented by Lee Spetner, a hundred birds of the same finch species introduced to an island cluster a 1,000 kilometers from Galapagos diversified into species with the typical variations in beak sizes, etc. "If this diversification occurred in less than seventeen years," Dr. Spetner asks, "why did Darwin's Galapagos finches [as claimed by evolutionists] have to take two million years?" * Blue Eyes Originated Not So Long Ago: Not a million years ago, nor a hundred thousand years ago, but based on a peer-reviewed paper in Human Genetics, a press release at Science Daily reports that, "research shows that people with blue eyes have a single, common ancestor. A team at the University of Copenhagen have tracked down a genetic mutation which took place 6-10,000 years ago and is the cause of the eye colour of all blue-eyed humans alive on the planet today." * Adding the Entire Universe to our List of Not So Old Things? Based on March 2019 findings from Hubble, Nobel laureate Adam Riess of the Space Telescope Science Institute and his co-authors in the Astrophysical Journal estimate that the universe is about a billion years younger than previously thought! Then in September 2019 in the journal Science, the age dropped precipitiously to as low as 11.4 billion years! Of course, these measurements also further squeeze the canonical story of the big bang chronology with its many already existing problems including the insufficient time to "evolve" distant mature galaxies, galaxy clusters, superclusters, enormous black holes, filaments, bubbles, walls, and other superstructures. So, even though the latest estimates are still absurdly too old (Google: big bang predictions, and click on the #1 ranked article, or just go on over there to rsr.org/bb), regardless, we thought we'd plop the whole universe down on our List of Not So Old Things! * After the Soft Tissue Discoveries, NOW Dino DNA: When a North Carolina State University paleontologist took the Tyrannosaurus Rex photos to the right of original biological material, that led to the 2016 discovery of dinosaur DNA, So far researchers have also recovered dinosaur blood vessels, collagen, osteocytes, hemoglobin, red blood cells, and various proteins. As of May 2018, twenty-six scientific journals, including Nature, Science, PNAS, PLoS One, Bone, and Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, have confirmed the discovery of biomaterial fossils from many dinosaurs! Organisms including T. Rex, hadrosaur, titanosaur, triceratops, Lufengosaur, mosasaur, and Archaeopteryx, and many others dated, allegedly, even hundreds of millions of years old, have yielded their endogenous, still-soft biological material. See the web's most complete listing of 100+ journal papers (screenshot, left) announcing these discoveries at bflist.rsr.org and see it in layman's terms at rsr.org/soft. * Rapid Stalactites, Stalagmites, Etc.: A construction worker in 1954 left a lemonade bottle in one of Australia's famous Jenolan Caves. By 2011 it had been naturally transformed into a stalagmite (below, right). Increasing scientific knowledge is arguing for rapid cave formation (see below, Nat'l Park Service shrinks Carlsbad Caverns formation estimates from 260M years, to 10M, to 2M, to it "depends"). Likewise, examples are growing of rapid formations with typical chemical make-up (see bottle, left) of classic stalactites and stalagmites including:- in Nat'l Geo the Carlsbad Caverns stalagmite that rapidly covered a bat - the tunnel stalagmites at Tennessee's Raccoon Mountain - hundreds of stalactites beneath the Lincoln Memorial - those near Gladfelter Hall at Philadelphia's Temple University (send photos to Bob@rsr.org) - hundreds of stalactites at Australia's zinc mine at Mt. Isa. - and those beneath Melbourne's Shrine of Remembrance. * Most Human Mutations Arose in 200 Generations: From Adam until Real Science Radio, in only 200 generations! The journal Nature reports The Recent Origin of Most Human Protein-coding Variants. As summarized by geneticist co-author Joshua Akey, "Most of the mutations that we found arose in the last 200 generations or so" (the same number previously published by biblical creationists). Another 2012 paper, in the American Journal of Physical Anthropology (Eugenie Scott's own field) on High mitochondrial mutation rates, shows that one mitochondrial DNA mutation occurs every other generation, which, as creationists point out, indicates that mtEve would have lived about 200 generations ago. That's not so old! * National Geographic's Not-So-Old Hard-Rock Canyon at Mount St. Helens: As our List of Not So Old Things (this web page) reveals, by a kneejerk reaction evolutionary scientists assign ages of tens or hundreds of thousands of years (or at least just long enough to contradict Moses' chronology in Genesis.) However, with closer study, routinely, more and more old ages get revised downward to fit the world's growing scientific knowledge. So the trend is not that more information lengthens ages, but rather, as data replaces guesswork, ages tend to shrink until they are consistent with the young-earth biblical timeframe. Consistent with this observation, the May 2000 issue of National Geographic quotes the U.S. Forest Service's scientist at Mount St. Helens, Peter Frenzen, describing the canyon on the north side of the volcano. "You'd expect a hard-rock canyon to be thousands, even hundreds of thousands of years old. But this was cut in less than a decade." And as for the volcano itself, while again, the kneejerk reaction of old-earthers would be to claim that most geologic features are hundreds of thousands or millions of years old, the atheistic National Geographic magazine acknowledges from the evidence that Mount St. Helens, the volcanic mount, is only about 4,000 years old! See below and more at rsr.org/mount-st-helens. * Mount St. Helens Dome Ten Years Old not 1.7 Million: Geochron Laboratories of Cambridge, Mass., using potassium-argon and other radiometric techniques claims the rock sample they dated, from the volcano's dome, solidified somewhere between 340,000 and 2.8 million years ago. However photographic evidence and historical reports document the dome's formation during the 1980s, just ten years prior to the samples being collected. With the age of this rock known, radiometric dating therefore gets the age 99.99999% wrong. * Devils Hole Pupfish Isolated Not for 13,000 Years But for 100: Secular scientists default to knee-jerk, older-than-Bible-age dates. However, a tiny Mojave desert fish is having none of it. Rather than having been genetically isolated from other fish for 13,000 years (which would make this small school of fish older than the Earth itself), according to a paper in the journal Nature, actual measurements of mutation rates indicate that the genetic diversity of these Pupfish could have been generated in about 100 years, give or take a few. * Polystrates like Spines and Rare Schools of Fossilized Jellyfish: Previously, seven sedimentary layers in Wisconsin had been described as taking a million years to form. And because jellyfish have no skeleton, as Charles Darwin pointed out, it is rare to find them among fossils. But now, reported in the journal Geology, a school of jellyfish fossils have been found throughout those same seven layers. So, polystrate fossils that condense the time of strata deposition from eons to hours or months, include: - Jellyfish in central Wisconsin were not deposited and fossilized over a million years but during a single event quick enough to trap a whole school. (This fossil school, therefore, taken as a unit forms a polystrate fossil.) Examples are everywhere that falsify the claims of strata deposition over millions of years. - Countless trilobites buried in astounding three dimensionality around the world are meticulously recovered from limestone, much of which is claimed to have been deposited very slowly. Contrariwise, because these specimens were buried rapidly in quickly laid down sediments, they show no evidence of greater erosion on their upper parts as compared to their lower parts.- The delicacy of radiating spine polystrates, like tadpole and jellyfish fossils, especially clearly demonstrate the rapidity of such strata deposition. - A second school of jellyfish, even though they rarely fossilized, exists in another locale with jellyfish fossils in multiple layers, in Australia's Brockman Iron Formation, constraining there too the rate of strata deposition. By the way, jellyfish are an example of evolution's big squeeze. Like galaxies evolving too quickly, galaxy clusters, and even human feet (which, like Mummy DNA, challenge the Out of Africa paradigm), jellyfish have gotten into the act squeezing evolution's timeline, here by 200 million years when they were found in strata allegedly a half-a-billion years old. Other examples, ironically referred to as Medusoid Problematica, are even found in pre-Cambrian strata. - 171 tadpoles of the same species buried in diatoms. - Leaves buried vertically through single-celled diatoms powerfully refute the claimed super-slow deposition of diatomaceous rock. - Many fossils, including a Mesosaur, have been buried in multiple "varve" layers, which are claimed to be annual depositions, yet they show no erosional patterns that would indicate gradual burial (as they claim, absurdly, over even thousands of years). - A single whale skeleton preserved in California in dozens of layers of diatom deposits thus forming a polystrate fossil. - 40 whales buried in the desert in Chile. "What's really interesting is that this didn't just happen once," said Smithsonian evolutionist Dr. Nick Pyenson. It happened four times." Why's that? Because "the fossil site has at least four layers", to which Real Science Radio's Bob Enyart replies: "Ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha", with RSR co-host Fred Williams thoughtfully adding, "Ha ha!" * Polystrate Trees: Examples abound around the world of polystrate trees: - Yellowstone's petrified polystrate forest (with the NPS exhibit sign removed; see below) with successive layers of rootless trees demonstrating the rapid deposition of fifty layers of strata. - A similarly formed polystrate fossil forest in France demonstrating the rapid deposition of a dozen strata. - In a thousand locations including famously the Fossil Cliffs of Joggins, Nova Scotia, polystrate fossils such as trees span many strata. - These trees lack erosion: Not only should such fossils, generally speaking, not even exist, but polystrates including trees typically show no evidence of erosion increasing with height. All of this powerfully disproves the claim that the layers were deposited slowly over thousands or millions of years. In the experience of your RSR radio hosts, evolutionists commonly respond to this hard evidence with mocking. See CRSQ June 2006, ICR Impact #316, and RSR 8-11-06 at KGOV.com. * Yellowstone Petrified Trees Sign Removed: The National Park Service removed their incorrect sign (see left and more). The NPS had claimed that in dozens of different strata over a 40-square mile area, many petrified trees were still standing where they had grown. The NPS eventually removed the sign partly because those petrified trees had no root systems, which they would have had if they had grown there. Instead, the trees of this "fossil forest" have roots that are abruptly broken off two or three feet from their trunks. If these mature trees actually had been remnants of sequential forests that had grown up in strata layer on top of strata layer, 27 times on Specimen Ridge (and 50 times at Specimen Creek), such a natural history implies passage of more time than permitted by biblical chronology. So, don't trust the National Park Service on historical science because they're wrong on the age of the Earth. * Wood Petrifies Quickly: Not surprisingly, by the common evolutionary knee-jerk claim of deep time, "several researchers believe that several millions of years are necessary for the complete formation of silicified wood". Our List of Not So Old and Not So Slow Things includes the work of five Japanese scientists who proved creationist research and published their results in the peer-reviewed journal Sedimentary Geology showing that wood can and does petrify rapidly. Modern wood significantly petrified in 36 years these researchers concluded that wood buried in strata could have been petrified in "a fairly short period of time, in the order of several tens to hundreds of years." * The Scablands: The primary surface features of the Scablands, which cover thousands of square miles of eastern Washington, were long believed to have formed gradually. Yet, against the determined claims of uniformitarian geologists, there is now overwhelming evidence as presented even in a NOVA TV program that the primary features of the Scablands formed rapidly from a catastrophic breach of Lake Missoula causing a massive regional flood. Of course evolutionary geologists still argue that the landscape was formed over tens of thousands of years, now by claiming there must have been a hundred Missoula floods. However, the evidence that there was Only One Lake Missoula Flood has been powerfully reinforced by a University of Colorado Ph.D. thesis. So the Scablands itself is no longer available to old-earthers as de facto evidence for the passage of millions of years. * The Heart Mountain Detachment: in Wyoming just east of Yellowstone, this mountain did not break apart slowly by uniformitarian processes but in only about half-an-hour as widely reported including in the evolutionist LiveScience.com, "Land Speed Record: Mountain Moves 62 Miles in 30 Minutes." The evidence indicates that this mountain of rock covering 425 square miles rapidly broke into 50 pieces and slid apart over an area of more than 1,300 square miles in a biblical, not a "geological," timeframe. * "150 Million" year-old Squid Ink Not Decomposed: This still-writable ink had dehydrated but had not decomposed! The British Geological Survey's Dr. Phil Wilby, who excavated the fossil, said, "It is difficult to imagine how you can have something as soft and sloppy as an ink sac fossilised in three dimensions, still black, and inside a rock that is 150 million years old." And the Daily Mail states that, "the black ink was of exactly the same structure as that of today's version", just desiccated. And Wilby added, "Normally you would find only the hard parts like the shell and bones fossilised but... these creatures... can be dissected as if they are living animals, you can see the muscle fibres and cells. It is difficult to imagine... The structure is similar to ink from a modern squid so we can write with it..." Why is this difficult for evolutionists to imagine? Because as Dr. Carl Wieland writes, "Chemical structures 'fall apart' all by themselves over time due to the randomizing effects of molecular motion." Decades ago Bob Enyart broadcast a geology program about Mount St. Helens' catastrophic destruction of forests and the hydraulic transportation and upright deposition of trees. Later, Bob met the chief ranger from Haleakala National Park on Hawaii's island of Maui, Mark Tanaka-Sanders. The ranger agreed to correspond with his colleague at Yellowstone to urge him to have the sign removed. Thankfully, it was then removed. (See also AIG, CMI, and all the original Yellowstone exhibit photos.) Groundbreaking research conducted by creation geologist Dr. Steve Austin in Spirit Lake after Mount St. Helens eruption provided a modern-day analog to the formation of Yellowstone fossil forest. A steam blast from that volcano blew over tens of thousands of trees leaving them without attached roots. Many thousands of those trees were floating upright in Spirit Lake, and began sinking at varying rates into rapidly and sporadically deposited sediments. Once Yellowstone's successive forest interpretation was falsified (though like with junk DNA, it's too big to fail, so many atheists and others still cling to it), the erroneous sign was removed. * Asiatic vs. European Honeybees: These two populations of bees have been separated supposedly for seven million years. A researcher decided to put the two together to see what would happen. What we should have here is a failure to communicate that would have resulted after their "language" evolved over millions of years. However, European and Asiatic honeybees are still able to communicate, putting into doubt the evolutionary claim that they were separated over "geologic periods." For more, see the Public Library of Science, Asiatic Honeybees Can Understand Dance Language of European Honeybees. (Oh yeah, and why don't fossils of poorly-formed honeycombs exist, from the millions of years before the bees and natural selection finally got the design right? Ha! Because they don't exist! :) Nautiloid proves rapid limestone formation. * Remember the Nautiloids: In the Grand Canyon there is a limestone layer averaging seven feet thick that runs the 277 miles of the canyon (and beyond) that covers hundreds of square miles and contains an average of one nautiloid fossil per square meter. Along with many other dead creatures in this one particular layer, 15% of these nautiloids were killed and then fossilized standing on their heads. Yes, vertically. They were caught in such an intense and rapid catastrophic flow that gravity was not able to cause all of their dead carcasses to fall over on their sides. Famed Mount St. Helens geologist Steve Austin is also the world's leading expert on nautiloid fossils and has worked in the canyon and presented his findings to the park's rangers at the invitation of National Park Service officials. Austin points out, as is true of many of the world's mass fossil graveyards, that this enormous nautiloid deposition provides indisputable proof of the extremely rapid formation of a significant layer of limestone near the bottom of the canyon, a layer like the others we've been told about, that allegedly formed at the bottom of a calm and placid sea with slow and gradual sedimentation. But a million nautiloids, standing on their heads, literally, would beg to differ. At our sister stie, RSR provides the relevant Geologic Society of America abstract, links, and video. * Now It's Allegedly Two Million Year-Old Leaves: "When we started pulling leaves out of the soil, that was surreal, to know that it's millions of years old..." sur-re-al: adjective: a bizarre mix of fact and fantasy. In this case, the leaves are the facts. Earth scientists from Ohio State and the University of Minnesota say that wood and leaves they found in the Canadian Arctic are at least two million years old, and perhaps more than ten million years old, even though the leaves are just dry and crumbly and the wood still burns! * Gold Precipitates in Veins in Less than a Second: After geologists submitted for decades to the assumption that each layer of gold would deposit at the alleged super slow rates of geologic process, the journal Nature Geoscience reports that each layer of deposition can occur within a few tenths of a second. Meanwhile, at the Lihir gold deposit in Papua New Guinea, evolutionists assumed the more than 20 million ounces of gold in the Lihir reserve took millions of years to deposit, but as reported in the journal Science, geologists can now demonstrate that the deposit could have formed in thousands of years, or far more quickly! Iceland's not-so-old Surtsey Island looks ancient. * Surtsey Island, Iceland: Of the volcanic island that formed in 1963, New Scientist reported in 2007 about Surtsey that "geographers... marvel that canyons, gullies and other land features that typically take tens of thousands or millions of years to form were created in less than a decade." Yes. And Sigurdur Thorarinsson, Iceland's chief geologist, wrote in the months after Surtsey formed, "that the time scale," he had been trained "to attach to geological developments is misleading." [For what is said to] take thousands of years... the same development may take a few weeks or even days here [including to form] a landscape... so varied and mature that it was almost beyond belief... wide sandy beaches and precipitous crags... gravel banks and lagoons, impressive cliffs… hollows, glens and soft undulating land... fractures and faultscarps, channels and screes… confounded by what met your eye... boulders worn by the surf, some of which were almost round... -Iceland's chief geologist * The Palouse River Gorge: In the southeast of Washington State, the Palouse River Gorge is one of many features formed rapidly by 500 cubic miles of water catastrophically released with the breaching of a natural dam in the Lake Missoula Flood (which gouged out the Scablands as described above). So, hard rock can be breached and eroded rapidly. * Leaf Shapes Identical for 190 Million Years? From Berkley.edu, "Ginkgo biloba... dates back to... about 190 million years ago... fossilized leaf material from the Tertiary species Ginkgo adiantoides is considered similar or even identical to that produced by modern Ginkgo biloba trees... virtually indistinguishable..." The literature describes leaf shapes as "spectacularly diverse" sometimes within a species but especially across the plant kingdom. Because all kinds of plants survive with all kinds of different leaf shapes, the conservation of a species retaining a single shape over alleged deep time is a telling issue. Darwin's theory is undermined by the unchanging shape over millions of years of a species' leaf shape. This lack of change, stasis in what should be an easily morphable plant trait, supports the broader conclusion that chimp-like creatures did not become human beings and all the other ambitious evolutionary creation of new kinds are simply imagined. (Ginkgo adiantoides and biloba are actually the same species. Wikipedia states, "It is doubtful whether the Northern Hemisphere fossil species of Ginkgo can be reliably distinguished." For oftentimes, as documented by Dr. Carl Werner in his Evolution: The Grand Experiment series, paleontogists falsely speciate identical specimens, giving different species names, even different genus names, to the fossil and living animals that appear identical.) * Box Canyon, Idaho: Geologists now think Box Canyon in Idaho, USA, was carved by a catastrophic flood and not slowly over millions of years with 1) huge plunge pools formed by waterfalls; 2) the almost complete removal of large basalt boulders from the canyon; 3) an eroded notch on the plateau at the top of the canyon; and 4) water scour marks on the basalt plateau leading to the canyon. Scientists calculate that the flood was so large that it could have eroded the whole canyon in as little as 35 days. See the journal Science, Formation of Box Canyon, Idaho, by Megaflood, and the Journal of Creation, and Creation Magazine. * Manganese Nodules Rapid Formation: Allegedly, as claimed at the Wikipedia entry from 2005 through 2021: "Nodule growth is one of the slowest of all geological phenomena – in the order of a centimeter over several million years." Wow, that would be slow! And a Texas A&M Marine Sciences technical slide presentation says, “They grow very slowly (mm/million years) and can be tens of millions of years old.” But according to a World Almanac documentary they have formed "around beer cans," said marine geologist Dr. John Yates in the 1997 video Universe Beneath the Sea: The Next Frontier. There are also reports of manganese nodules forming around ships sunk in the First World War. See more at at youngearth.com, at TOL, in the print edition of the Journal of Creation, and in this typical forum discussion with atheists (at the Chicago Cubs forum no less :). * "6,000 year-old" Mitochondrial Eve: As the Bible calls "Eve... the mother of all living" (Gen. 3:20), genetic researchers have named the one woman from whom all humans have descended "Mitochondrial Eve." But in a scientific attempt to date her existence, they openly admit that they included chimpanzee DNA in their analysis in order to get what they viewed as a reasonably old date of 200,000 years ago (which is still surprisingly recent from their perspective, but old enough not to strain Darwinian theory too much). But then as widely reported including by Science magazine, when they dropped the chimp data and used only actual human mutation rates, that process determined that Eve lived only six thousand years ago! In Ann Gibbon's Science article, "Calibrating the Mitochondrial Clock," rather than again using circular reasoning by assuming their conclusion (that humans evolved from ape-like creatures), they performed their calculations using actual measured mutation rates. This peer-reviewed journal then reported that if these rates have been constant, "mitochondrial Eve… would be a mere 6000 years old." See also the journal Nature and creation.com's "A shrinking date for Eve," and Walt Brown's assessment. Expectedly though, evolutionists have found a way to reject their own unbiased finding (the conclusion contrary to their self-interest) by returning to their original method of using circular reasoning, as reported in the American Journal of Human Genetics, "calibrating against recent evidence for the divergence time of humans and chimpanzees," to reset their mitochondrial clock back to 200,000 years. * Even Younger Y-Chromosomal Adam: (Although he should be called, "Y-Chromosomal Noah.") While we inherit our mtDNA only from our mothers, only men have a Y chromosome (which incidentally genetically disproves the cla
[While Bob & Cheryl Enyart go fishing we invite you to enjoy from the RSR archives our favorite List of Not So Old Things! Photos from today, June 25, 2021.] -- Finches Diversify in Decades, Opals Form in Months, Man's Genetic Diversity in 200 Generations, C-14 Everywhere: Real Science Radio hosts Bob Enyart and Fred Williams present their classic program that led to the audience-favorites rsr.org/list-shows! See below and hear on today's radio program our list of Not So Old and Not So Slow Things! From opals forming in months to man's genetic diversity in 200 generations, and with carbon 14 everywhere it's not supposed to be (including in diamonds and dinosaur bones!), scientific observations fill the guys' most traditional list challenging those who claim that the earth is billions of years old. Many of these scientific finds demand a re-evaluation of supposed million and billion-year ages. * Finches Adapt in 17 Years, Not 2.3 Million: Charles Darwin's finches are claimed to have taken 2,300,000 years to diversify from an initial species blown onto the Galapagos Islands. Yet individuals from a single finch species on a U.S. Bird Reservation in the Pacific were introduced to a group of small islands 300 miles away and in at most 17 years, like Darwin's finches, they had diversified their beaks, related muscles, and behavior to fill various ecological niches. Hear about this also at rsr.org/spetner. * Opals Can Form in "A Few Months" And Don't Need 100,000 Years: A leading authority on opals, Allan W. Eckert, observed that, "scientific papers and textbooks have told that the process of opal formation requires tens of thousands of years, perhaps hundreds of thousands... Not true." A 2011 peer-reviewed paper in a geology journal from Australia, where almost all the world's opal is found, reported on the: "new timetable for opal formation involving weeks to a few months and not the hundreds of thousands of years envisaged by the conventional weathering model." (And apparently, per a 2019 report from Entomology Today, opals can even form around insects!) More knowledgeable scientists resist the uncritical, group-think insistence on false super-slow formation rates (as also for manganese nodules, gold veins, stone, petroleum, canyons and gullies, and even guts, all below). Regarding opals, Darwinian bias led geologists to long ignore possible quick action, as from microbes, as a possible explanation for these mineraloids. For both in nature and in the lab, opals form rapidly, not even in 10,000 years, but in weeks. See this also from creationists by a geologist, a paleobiochemist, and a nuclear chemist. * Finches Speciate in Two Generations vs Two Million Years for Darwin's Birds? Darwin's finches on the Galapagos Islands are said to have diversified into 14 species over a period of two million years. But in 2017 the journal Science reported a newcomer to the Island which within two generations spawned a reproductively isolated new species. In another instance as documented by Lee Spetner, a hundred birds of the same finch species introduced to an island cluster a 1,000 kilometers from Galapagos diversified into species with the typical variations in beak sizes, etc. "If this diversification occurred in less than seventeen years," Dr. Spetner asks, "why did Darwin's Galapagos finches [as claimed by evolutionists] have to take two million years?" * Blue Eyes Originated Not So Long Ago: Not a million years ago, nor a hundred thousand years ago, but based on a peer-reviewed paper in Human Genetics, a press release at Science Daily reports that, "research shows that people with blue eyes have a single, common ancestor. A team at the University of Copenhagen have tracked down a genetic mutation which took place 6-10,000 years ago and is the cause of the eye colour of all blue-eyed humans alive on the planet today." * Adding the Entire Universe to our List of Not So Old Things? Based on March 2019 findings from Hubble, Nobel laureate Adam Riess of the Space Telescope Science Institute and his co-authors in the Astrophysical Journal estimate that the universe is about a billion years younger than previously thought! Then in September 2019 in the journal Science, the age dropped precipitiously to as low as 11.4 billion years! Of course, these measurements also further squeeze the canonical story of the big bang chronology with its many already existing problems including the insufficient time to "evolve" distant mature galaxies, galaxy clusters, superclusters, enormous black holes, filaments, bubbles, walls, and other superstructures. So, even though the latest estimates are still absurdly too old (Google: big bang predictions, and click on the #1 ranked article, or just go on over there to rsr.org/bb), regardless, we thought we'd plop the whole universe down on our List of Not So Old Things! * After the Soft Tissue Discoveries, NOW Dino DNA: When a North Carolina State University paleontologist took the Tyrannosaurus Rex photos to the right of original biological material, that led to the 2016 discovery of dinosaur DNA, So far researchers have also recovered dinosaur blood vessels, collagen, osteocytes, hemoglobin, red blood cells, and various proteins. As of May 2018, twenty-six scientific journals, including Nature, Science, PNAS, PLoS One, Bone, and Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, have confirmed the discovery of biomaterial fossils from many dinosaurs! Organisms including T. Rex, hadrosaur, titanosaur, triceratops, Lufengosaur, mosasaur, and Archaeopteryx, and many others dated, allegedly, even hundreds of millions of years old, have yielded their endogenous, still-soft biological material. See the web's most complete listing of 100+ journal papers (screenshot, left) announcing these discoveries at bflist.rsr.org and see it in layman's terms at rsr.org/soft. * Rapid Stalactites, Stalagmites, Etc.: A construction worker in 1954 left a lemonade bottle in one of Australia's famous Jenolan Caves. By 2011 it had been naturally transformed into a stalagmite (below, right). Increasing scientific knowledge is arguing for rapid cave formation (see below, Nat'l Park Service shrinks Carlsbad Caverns formation estimates from 260M years, to 10M, to 2M, to it "depends"). Likewise, examples are growing of rapid formations with typical chemical make-up (see bottle, left) of classic stalactites and stalagmites including:- in Nat'l Geo the Carlsbad Caverns stalagmite that rapidly covered a bat - the tunnel stalagmites at Tennessee's Raccoon Mountain - hundreds of stalactites beneath the Lincoln Memorial - those near Gladfelter Hall at Philadelphia's Temple University (send photos to Bob@rsr.org) - hundreds of stalactites at Australia's zinc mine at Mt. Isa. - and those beneath Melbourne's Shrine of Remembrance. * Most Human Mutations Arose in 200 Generations: From Adam until Real Science Radio, in only 200 generations! The journal Nature reports The Recent Origin of Most Human Protein-coding Variants. As summarized by geneticist co-author Joshua Akey, "Most of the mutations that we found arose in the last 200 generations or so" (the same number previously published by biblical creationists). Another 2012 paper, in the American Journal of Physical Anthropology (Eugenie Scott's own field) on High mitochondrial mutation rates, shows that one mitochondrial DNA mutation occurs every other generation, which, as creationists point out, indicates that mtEve would have lived about 200 generations ago. That's not so old! * National Geographic's Not-So-Old Hard-Rock Canyon at Mount St. Helens: As our List of Not So Old Things (this web page) reveals, by a kneejerk reaction evolutionary scientists assign ages of tens or hundreds of thousands of years (or at least just long enough to contradict Moses' chronology in Genesis.) However, with closer study, routinely, more and more old ages get revised downward to fit the world's growing scientific knowledge. So the trend is not that more information lengthens ages, but rather, as data replaces guesswork, ages tend to shrink until they are consistent with the young-earth biblical timeframe. Consistent with this observation, the May 2000 issue of National Geographic quotes the U.S. Forest Service's scientist at Mount St. Helens, Peter Frenzen, describing the canyon on the north side of the volcano. "You'd expect a hard-rock canyon to be thousands, even hundreds of thousands of years old. But this was cut in less than a decade." And as for the volcano itself, while again, the kneejerk reaction of old-earthers would be to claim that most geologic features are hundreds of thousands or millions of years old, the atheistic National Geographic magazine acknowledges from the evidence that Mount St. Helens, the volcanic mount, is only about 4,000 years old! See below and more at rsr.org/mount-st-helens. * Mount St. Helens Dome Ten Years Old not 1.7 Million: Geochron Laboratories of Cambridge, Mass., using potassium-argon and other radiometric techniques claims the rock sample they dated, from the volcano's dome, solidified somewhere between 340,000 and 2.8 million years ago. However photographic evidence and historical reports document the dome's formation during the 1980s, just ten years prior to the samples being collected. With the age of this rock known, radiometric dating therefore gets the age 99.99999% wrong. * Devils Hole Pupfish Isolated Not for 13,000 Years But for 100: Secular scientists default to knee-jerk, older-than-Bible-age dates. However, a tiny Mojave desert fish is having none of it. Rather than having been genetically isolated from other fish for 13,000 years (which would make this small school of fish older than the Earth itself), according to a paper in the journal Nature, actual measurements of mutation rates indicate that the genetic diversity of these Pupfish could have been generated in about 100 years, give or take a few. * Polystrates like Spines and Rare Schools of Fossilized Jellyfish: Previously, seven sedimentary layers in Wisconsin had been described as taking a million years to form. And because jellyfish have no skeleton, as Charles Darwin pointed out, it is rare to find them among fossils. But now, reported in the journal Geology, a school of jellyfish fossils have been found throughout those same seven layers. So, polystrate fossils that condense the time of strata deposition from eons to hours or months, include: - Jellyfish in central Wisconsin were not deposited and fossilized over a million years but during a single event quick enough to trap a whole school. (This fossil school, therefore, taken as a unit forms a polystrate fossil.) Examples are everywhere that falsify the claims of strata deposition over millions of years. - Countless trilobites buried in astounding three dimensionality around the world are meticulously recovered from limestone, much of which is claimed to have been deposited very slowly. Contrariwise, because these specimens were buried rapidly in quickly laid down sediments, they show no evidence of greater erosion on their upper parts as compared to their lower parts.- The delicacy of radiating spine polystrates, like tadpole and jellyfish fossils, especially clearly demonstrate the rapidity of such strata deposition. - A second school of jellyfish, even though they rarely fossilized, exists in another locale with jellyfish fossils in multiple layers, in Australia's Brockman Iron Formation, constraining there too the rate of strata deposition. By the way, jellyfish are an example of evolution's big squeeze. Like galaxies evolving too quickly, galaxy clusters, and even human feet (which, like Mummy DNA, challenge the Out of Africa paradigm), jellyfish have gotten into the act squeezing evolution's timeline, here by 200 million years when they were found in strata allegedly a half-a-billion years old. Other examples, ironically referred to as Medusoid Problematica, are even found in pre-Cambrian strata. - 171 tadpoles of the same species buried in diatoms. - Leaves buried vertically through single-celled diatoms powerfully refute the claimed super-slow deposition of diatomaceous rock. - Many fossils, including a Mesosaur, have been buried in multiple "varve" layers, which are claimed to be annual depositions, yet they show no erosional patterns that would indicate gradual burial (as they claim, absurdly, over even thousands of years). - A single whale skeleton preserved in California in dozens of layers of diatom deposits thus forming a polystrate fossil. - 40 whales buried in the desert in Chile. "What's really interesting is that this didn't just happen once," said Smithsonian evolutionist Dr. Nick Pyenson. It happened four times." Why's that? Because "the fossil site has at least four layers", to which Real Science Radio's Bob Enyart replies: "Ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha", with RSR co-host Fred Williams thoughtfully adding, "Ha ha!" * Polystrate Trees: Examples abound around the world of polystrate trees: - Yellowstone's petrified polystrate forest (with the NPS exhibit sign removed; see below) with successive layers of rootless trees demonstrating the rapid deposition of fifty layers of strata. - A similarly formed polystrate fossil forest in France demonstrating the rapid deposition of a dozen strata. - In a thousand locations including famously the Fossil Cliffs of Joggins, Nova Scotia, polystrate fossils such as trees span many strata. - These trees lack erosion: Not only should such fossils, generally speaking, not even exist, but polystrates including trees typically show no evidence of erosion increasing with height. All of this powerfully disproves the claim that the layers were deposited slowly over thousands or millions of years. In the experience of your RSR radio hosts, evolutionists commonly respond to this hard evidence with mocking. See CRSQ June 2006, ICR Impact #316, and RSR 8-11-06 at KGOV.com. * Yellowstone Petrified Trees Sign Removed: The National Park Service removed their incorrect sign (see left and more). The NPS had claimed that in dozens of different strata over a 40-square mile area, many petrified trees were still standing where they had grown. The NPS eventually removed the sign partly because those petrified trees had no root systems, which they would have had if they had grown there. Instead, the trees of this "fossil forest" have roots that are abruptly broken off two or three feet from their trunks. If these mature trees actually had been remnants of sequential forests that had grown up in strata layer on top of strata layer, 27 times on Specimen Ridge (and 50 times at Specimen Creek), such a natural history implies passage of more time than permitted by biblical chronology. So, don't trust the National Park Service on historical science because they're wrong on the age of the Earth. * Wood Petrifies Quickly: Not surprisingly, by the common evolutionary knee-jerk claim of deep time, "several researchers believe that several millions of years are necessary for the complete formation of silicified wood". Our List of Not So Old and Not So Slow Things includes the work of five Japanese scientists who proved creationist research and published their results in the peer-reviewed journal Sedimentary Geology showing that wood can and does petrify rapidly. Modern wood significantly petrified in 36 years these researchers concluded that wood buried in strata could have been petrified in "a fairly short period of time, in the order of several tens to hundreds of years." * The Scablands: The primary surface features of the Scablands, which cover thousands of square miles of eastern Washington, were long believed to have formed gradually. Yet, against the determined claims of uniformitarian geologists, there is now overwhelming evidence as presented even in a NOVA TV program that the primary features of the Scablands formed rapidly from a catastrophic breach of Lake Missoula causing a massive regional flood. Of course evolutionary geologists still argue that the landscape was formed over tens of thousands of years, now by claiming there must have been a hundred Missoula floods. However, the evidence that there was Only One Lake Missoula Flood has been powerfully reinforced by a University of Colorado Ph.D. thesis. So the Scablands itself is no longer available to old-earthers as de facto evidence for the passage of millions of years. * The Heart Mountain Detachment: in Wyoming just east of Yellowstone, this mountain did not break apart slowly by uniformitarian processes but in only about half-an-hour as widely reported including in the evolutionist LiveScience.com, "Land Speed Record: Mountain Moves 62 Miles in 30 Minutes." The evidence indicates that this mountain of rock covering 425 square miles rapidly broke into 50 pieces and slid apart over an area of more than 1,300 square miles in a biblical, not a "geological," timeframe. * "150 Million" year-old Squid Ink Not Decomposed: This still-writable ink had dehydrated but had not decomposed! The British Geological Survey's Dr. Phil Wilby, who excavated the fossil, said, "It is difficult to imagine how you can have something as soft and sloppy as an ink sac fossilised in three dimensions, still black, and inside a rock that is 150 million years old." And the Daily Mail states that, "the black ink was of exactly the same structure as that of today's version", just desiccated. And Wilby added, "Normally you would find only the hard parts like the shell and bones fossilised but... these creatures... can be dissected as if they are living animals, you can see the muscle fibres and cells. It is difficult to imagine... The structure is similar to ink from a modern squid so we can write with it..." Why is this difficult for evolutionists to imagine? Because as Dr. Carl Wieland writes, "Chemical structures 'fall apart' all by themselves over time due to the randomizing effects of molecular motion." Decades ago Bob Enyart broadcast a geology program about Mount St. Helens' catastrophic destruction of forests and the hydraulic transportation and upright deposition of trees. Later, Bob met the chief ranger from Haleakala National Park on Hawaii's island of Maui, Mark Tanaka-Sanders. The ranger agreed to correspond with his colleague at Yellowstone to urge him to have the sign removed. Thankfully, it was then removed. (See also AIG, CMI, and all the original Yellowstone exhibit photos.) Groundbreaking research conducted by creation geologist Dr. Steve Austin in Spirit Lake after Mount St. Helens eruption provided a modern-day analog to the formation of Yellowstone fossil forest. A steam blast from that volcano blew over tens of thousands of trees leaving them without attached roots. Many thousands of those trees were floating upright in Spirit Lake, and began sinking at varying rates into rapidly and sporadically deposited sediments. Once Yellowstone's successive forest interpretation was falsified (though like with junk DNA, it's too big to fail, so many atheists and others still cling to it), the erroneous sign was removed. * Asiatic vs. European Honeybees: These two populations of bees have been separated supposedly for seven million years. A researcher decided to put the two together to see what would happen. What we should have here is a failure to communicate that would have resulted after their "language" evolved over millions of years. However, European and Asiatic honeybees are still able to communicate, putting into doubt the evolutionary claim that they were separated over "geologic periods." For more, see the Public Library of Science, Asiatic Honeybees Can Understand Dance Language of European Honeybees. (Oh yeah, and why don't fossils of poorly-formed honeycombs exist, from the millions of years before the bees and natural selection finally got the design right? Ha! Because they don't exist! :) Nautiloid proves rapid limestone formation.* Remember the Nautiloids: In the Grand Canyon there is a limestone layer averaging seven feet thick that runs the 277 miles of the canyon (and beyond) that covers hundreds of square miles and contains an average of one nautiloid fossil per square meter. Along with many other dead creatures in this one particular layer, 15% of these nautiloids were killed and then fossilized standing on their heads. Yes, vertically. They were caught in such an intense and rapid catastrophic flow that gravity was not able to cause all of their dead carcasses to fall over on their sides. Famed Mount St. Helens geologist Steve Austin is also the world's leading expert on nautiloid fossils and has worked in the canyon and presented his findings to the park's rangers at the invitation of National Park Service officials. Austin points out, as is true of many of the world's mass fossil graveyards, that this enormous nautiloid deposition provides indisputable proof of the extremely rapid formation of a significant layer of limestone near the bottom of the canyon, a layer like the others we've been told about, that allegedly formed at the bottom of a calm and placid sea with slow and gradual sedimentation. But a million nautiloids, standing on their heads, literally, would beg to differ. At our sister stie, RSR provides the relevant Geologic Society of America abstract, links, and video. * Now It's Allegedly Two Million Year-Old Leaves: "When we started pulling leaves out of the soil, that was surreal, to know that it's millions of years old..." sur-re-al: adjective: a bizarre mix of fact and fantasy. In this case, the leaves are the facts. Earth scientists from Ohio State and the University of Minnesota say that wood and leaves they found in the Canadian Arctic are at least two million years old, and perhaps more than ten million years old, even though the leaves are just dry and crumbly and the wood still burns! * Gold Precipitates in Veins in Less than a Second: After geologists submitted for decades to the assumption that each layer of gold would deposit at the alleged super slow rates of geologic process, the journal Nature Geoscience reports that each layer of deposition can occur within a few tenths of a second. Meanwhile, at the Lihir gold deposit in Papua New Guinea, evolutionists assumed the more than 20 million ounces of gold in the Lihir reserve took millions of years to deposit, but as reported in the journal Science, geologists can now demonstrate that the deposit could have formed in thousands of years, or far more quickly! Iceland's not-so-old Surtsey Island looks ancient.* Surtsey Island, Iceland: Of the volcanic island that formed in 1963, New Scientist reported in 2007 about Surtsey that "geographers... marvel that canyons, gullies and other land features that typically take tens of thousands or millions of years to form were created in less than a decade." Yes. And Sigurdur Thorarinsson, Iceland's chief geologist, wrote in the months after Surtsey formed, "that the time scale," he had been trained "to attach to geological developments is misleading." [For what is said to] take thousands of years... the same development may take a few weeks or even days here [including to form] a landscape... so varied and mature that it was almost beyond belief... wide sandy beaches and precipitous crags... gravel banks and lagoons, impressive cliffs… hollows, glens and soft undulating land... fractures and faultscarps, channels and screes… confounded by what met your eye... boulders worn by the surf, some of which were almost round... -Iceland's chief geologist * The Palouse River Gorge: In the southeast of Washington State, the Palouse River Gorge is one of many features formed rapidly by 500 cubic miles of water catastrophically released with the breaching of a natural dam in the Lake Missoula Flood (which gouged out the Scablands as described above). So, hard rock can be breached and eroded rapidly. * Leaf Shapes Identical for 190 Million Years? From Berkley.edu, "Ginkgo biloba... dates back to... about 190 million years ago... fossilized leaf material from the Tertiary species Ginkgo adiantoides is considered similar or even identical to that produced by modern Ginkgo biloba trees... virtually indistinguishable..." The literature describes leaf shapes as "spectacularly diverse" sometimes within a species but especially across the plant kingdom. Because all kinds of plants survive with all kinds of different leaf shapes, the conservation of a species retaining a single shape over alleged deep time is a telling issue. Darwin's theory is undermined by the unchanging shape over millions of years of a species' leaf shape. This lack of change, stasis in what should be an easily morphable plant trait, supports the broader conclusion that chimp-like creatures did not become human beings and all the other ambitious evolutionary creation of new kinds are simply imagined. (Ginkgo adiantoides and biloba are actually the same species. Wikipedia states, "It is doubtful whether the Northern Hemisphere fossil species of Ginkgo can be reliably distinguished." For oftentimes, as documented by Dr. Carl Werner in his Evolution: The Grand Experiment series, paleontogists falsely speciate identical specimens, giving different species names, even different genus names, to the fossil and living animals that appear identical.) * Box Canyon, Idaho: Geologists now think Box Canyon in Idaho, USA, was carved by a catastrophic flood and not slowly over millions of years with 1) huge plunge pools formed by waterfalls; 2) the almost complete removal of large basalt boulders from the canyon; 3) an eroded notch on the plateau at the top of the canyon; and 4) water scour marks on the basalt plateau leading to the canyon. Scientists calculate that the flood was so large that it could have eroded the whole canyon in as little as 35 days. See the journal Science, Formation of Box Canyon, Idaho, by Megaflood, and the Journal of Creation, and Creation Magazine. * Manganese Nodules Rapid Formation: Allegedly, as claimed at the Wikipedia entry from 2005 through 2021: "Nodule growth is one of the slowest of all geological phenomena – in the order of a centimeter over several million years." Wow, that would be slow! And a Texas A&M Marine Sciences technical slide presentation says, “They grow very slowly (mm/million years) and can be tens of millions of years old.” But according to a World Almanac documentary they have formed "around beer cans," said marine geologist Dr. John Yates in the 1997 video Universe Beneath the Sea: The Next Frontier. There are also reports of manganese nodules forming around ships sunk in the First World War. See more at at youngearth.com, at TOL, in the print edition of the Journal of Creation, and in this typical forum discussion with atheists (at the Chicago Cubs forum no less :). * "6,000 year-old" Mitochondrial Eve: As the Bible calls "Eve... the mother of all living" (Gen. 3:20), genetic researchers have named the one woman from whom all humans have descended "Mitochondrial Eve." But in a scientific attempt to date her existence, they openly admit that they included chimpanzee DNA in their analysis in order to get what they viewed as a reasonably old date of 200,000 years ago (which is still surprisingly recent from their perspective, but old enough not to strain Darwinian theory too much). But then as widely reported including by Science magazine, when they dropped the chimp data and used only actual human mutation rates, that process determined that Eve lived only six thousand years ago! In Ann Gibbon's Science article, "Calibrating the Mitochondrial Clock," rather than again using circular reasoning by assuming their conclusion (that humans evolved from ape-like creatures), they performed their calculations using actual measured mutation rates. This peer-reviewed journal then reported that if these rates have been constant, "mitochondrial Eve… would be a mere 6000 years old." See also the journal Nature and creation.com's "A shrinking date for Eve," and Walt Brown's assessment. Expectedly though, evolutionists have found a way to reject their own unbiased finding (the conclusion contrary to their self-interest) by returning to their original method of using circular reasoning, as reported in the American Journal of Human Genetics, "calibrating against recent evidence for the divergence time of humans and chimpanzees," to reset their mitochondrial clock back to 200,000 years. * Even Younger Y-Chromosomal Adam: (Although he should be called, "Y-Chromosomal Noah.") While we inherit our mtDNA only from our mothers, only men have a Y chromosome (which incidentally genetically disproves the claim that the fetus is "part of the woman's body," since the little boy's y chromosome could never be part of mom's body). Based on documented mutation rates on and the extraordinary lack o
The Flannelcasters talk about the snowball Earth hypothesis, where the Earth froze over several times at the end of Precambrian time.
Metalheads! For this month's discography blast, we spin four albums by the Ocean Collective; Precambrian (2007), Heliocentric (2010), Anthropocentric (2010), and Pelagial (2013). Tracey loves these Berliner's combination of intricate music and scientifically based lyrics. What will David & Ben think? Tune in and see!
פודקאסט מספר 404 . . . ואוו, אנחנו ב-400-ים, וזה Not Found 404 . . . כן, הולכת להיות לנו כאן סדרה ארוכה ומתישה של 400-ים . . . אז - פרק מספר 404 של רברס עם פלטפורמה! התאריך היום הוא התשיעי במרץ אלפיים-ו . . . בפעם שעברה אמרתי 2001, לא? (אורי) 2021, אם זכרוני אינו מטעני . . . (רן) 2021 - ואנחנו, כרגיל, באולפנינו הקט אשר בכרכור, מולי נמצא אורי - (אורי) אהלן, וזה שבוע האישה הבינלאומי, אגב - (רן) שבוע שמח! ושלום טל מחברת Armis - ברוכה הבא!טל רביד באה לדבר איתנו על Security ובאופן יותר ספציפי על Network Protocols ו-Security, ולפני שנצלול לעסק - ספרי לנו טל: מי את, מניין באת ולאן את הולכת?(טל) אז אני טל רביד, כמו שציינתם, בת 32 מתל אביב - במקור מרחובות, אבל אני חושבת שתל אביב השפיעה עלי מספיק בשביל לקרוא לעצמי “תל אביבית” כבר.בשלוש וחצי השנים האחרונות אני עובדת ב-Armis - סטארטאפ בתחום ה-Security שתיכף נרחיב עליו.לפני זה הייתי במגוון רחב של תחומים - במקור מ-8200, יש לי 7 שנים בערך בקהילת המודיעין, כשצוברים כל מיני סוגי ידע שמתקשר באופן כזה או אחר לסייבראחרי כמה פרקי קריירה בתחומים שונים חזרתי קצת לעולמות של סייבר, ובשנים האחרונות בעצם הקמתי את התחום של הדאטה ב-Armis, שאצלנו הוא כולל ממש היכרות עם ה-Knowledge base של החברה, עם כל הדאטה והלוגיקות.ובין השאר גם עם חוקים שקשורים ל-Security ול-Network Protocols.(רן) מעולה - אז אני מניח שלא מעט מהמאזינים שלנו מכירים את Armis, אבל לאלה שלא, ספרי לנו קצת מי זו Armis? מה אתם עושים שם?(טל) אז Armis קיימת כבר חמש ומשהו שנים, כשהחזון הגדול של החברה הוא לייצר Agentless-Security - בעצם לאפשר להגן על רשתות מבלי באמת להתקין Agent על המכשירים בסביבה.אנחנו עושים את זה ע”י (א) יצירה של Assets Inventory - מיפוי כל הרכיבים שנמצאים ברשת של לקוח ו(ב) אז, לגבי הרכיבים האלה, להגיד מה הם? האם יש חולשות מסויימות שרלוונטיות? האם הם תחת Risk מסויים? כדי לאפשר ללקוח בעצם לקנפג (Config) ולעדכן אותם.מעבר לזה - האם יש איזשהו . . . אנחנו עושים משהו שאנחנו קוראים לו NDR - במקום ה-EDR, שזה Endpoint detection and response - אנחנו עושים Network detection and response, זאת אומרת - אותה הגנה מפני פריצות ותקיפות והתנהגות זדונית, בתרגום העברי של Malicious, או Suspicious, חשודה.במקום להשתמש ב-Agents בשביל לעשות את הדברים האלה, אנחנו בעצם עושים את זה דרך אינטגרציות עם רכיבי רשת ומידע שמועבר באופן גולמי.(אורי) זאת אומרת שאתם Agent על רכיבי הרשת . . . אני יכול להגיד את זה?(טל) אנחנו לא מתקינים Agents - אנחנו עושים אינטגרציה עם רכיבי רשת או עם תוכנות ברשת(אורי) וזה נותן לכם יתרון ב-Deployment, או שזה גם נותן לכם יתרון ממש ב-Detection שאתם יכולים לעשות ואחרים לא יכולים?(טל) זה נותן הרבה יתרון ב-Deployment - למעשה, אם זה רכיבי רשת אז אנחנו יכולים לעשות RSPAN מ-Switch-ים ובעצם לקבל תעבורה גולמית, או ממש לעשות איזושהי אינטרגציה עם Wireless LAN Controller - הרכיב שאחראי על הרשת Wi-Fi.או, במקרים אחרים, עם כל מיני מערכות שפועלות בדרך על רשת Active Directory - אז אנחנו משתמשים באיזשהו API ומתקשריםאנחנו ממש נמנעים מלעשות דברים יותר מורכבים מזה, בשביל לשמור על Deployment מאוד קצר ופשוט.(אורי) כן, פשוט מעניין אותי איך הדבר הזה עובד, פיזית . . . אתם בעצם מאזינים לתעבורת הרשת כחיצוניים-לה, ונותנים את ההתראות, או מה שצריך?(טל) כן - אנחנו לא נמצאים בתוך הרשת, אנחנו עושים איזשהו RSPAN, בדרך כלל לאיזשהו Collector שנמצא סמוך ל-Switch, אנחנו שמים אותו ליד.ובצורה הזו אנחנו מוציאים את הדברים הרלוונטיים ושלחים חזרה, באופן מוצפן, לענן, לאיפה שהשרת שלנו נמצא.ואז משם, בעצם, אנחנו מסוגלים להציג ללקוח את התובנות וה-Insights שמתוקשרות עם המערכות של Armis, עם ה-Knowledge base שלנו.(רן) זאת אומרת שנקודת ההנחה היא שהתוקף, או הפעילות החשודה, עוברת ברשת - אני מניח שזה טרוויאלי, כי כנראה שזה כמעט תמיד ככה . . .(טל) כן - בהנחה שיש תוקף חיצוני כלשהו, בהנחה שהתוקף לא מגיע מתוך המערכות שלך ושם USB בתוך אחד המחשבים של העובדים שלך, אז תיהיה איזושהי הגעה מתוך הרשת.לרוב היא תוסווה, ובעצם המטרה שלנו היא להשתמש בכל מה שאנחנו מסוגלים לתתהדוגמא שהכי קל לדבר עליה - הרבה פעמים שואלים אותנו “אבל ה-Firewall לא אמור לעצור את כל הדברים ברשת? איך תדעו?” - אז הרבה פעמים דברים קורים לפני שה-Firewall יודע שמדובר באילו-שהם Domains שהם אסורים לגישה או שהם חשודים או בעייתיים.ואז הם בעצם ניגשים להבין את הפרופיל של המכשירים שנמצאים על הרשתבעבר זה משהו שהיה מאוד . . . אני לא אגיד ש”פשוט” כי זה עולם מורכב ואני לא רוצה לזלזל בכל מי שמתעסק ב-Security, אבל בעולמות של היום, כשיש לך גם מחשבים, גם סלולריים גם, במשרד רגיל היום, אם אתם זוכרים איך נראה משרד רגיל, אז יש בו גם מצלמות אבטחה וטלפונים ומדפסות ו-VOIP-ים וכל דבר כזה.וקל וחומר כשמגיעים באמת לארגונים או מערכות שמשתמשות, ממש על בסיס יומיומי, ברכיבים שנקראים IOT, במובן הרחב שלהם - אם זה Industrial IOT, אם זה פסי ייצור, בין אם זה מעליות בבניין, שזה Management systems, ובין אם זה בבתי חולים, שזה האולטרסאונדים והרטנגן שמשתמשים בהם - כולם היום מחוברים לאינטרנט, והם משתמשים ברשתות - ומכשירים כאלה הרבה יותר קשה לנטר אותם אם אתה לא יודע מה הם ואתה לא מבין מה ההתנהגות הרצויה שלהם.(אורי) דיברת קודם על Firewall וכאלה - זה לא Firewall שמנסה לחסום Ports כדי שלא תיהיה גישה פנימה, אבל הוא הרבה פעמים ירשה יצירת Connection החוצה - ונראה לי, אם אני מבין נכון, שחלק ממה שאתם עושים זה פעם (Once) שמישהו יצר קשר החוצה, עכשיו על ה-Connection הזה יכול להכנס Malicious traffic בלי בעיה - ואתם תראו אותו, אבל Firewall לא יראה אותו.(טל) זה גם נכון, למרות שכל רכיב רשת שהוא, בין אם זה IOT וכו’ - הם לא ייצרו קשר “סתם” החוצה, חייב להיות משהו שייגרום להם לעשות את זה.באופן קצת מצחיק, עדיין אחוז מאוד ניכר מהמתקפות היום מגיע מ Phishing, או מ-Spear Phishing, שאנשים פשוט לוחצים.אבל הרבה גם מגיע מסריקות חיצוניות - מאילו-שהם מכשירים, שיש להם Port פתוח גם לתקשורת החוצה וגם לתקשורת פנימה.עלה לי לראש “מדפסת”, פשוט בגלל שקח לדוגמא מדפסת של HP - אחת לכמה זמן היא כנראה תתעדכן מול השרתים של HP, ואם אני איש IT, אז אני צריכה לקנפג (Configure) את Firewall, וצריך לתת לה איזושהי יציאה מסויימתבוא נניח ש . . . - אם זו מדפסת או Security camera או מה שזה לא יהיה - אז בוא נניח שאיש ה-IT שלך מאוד יסודי, ויודע על כל אחד מהרכיבים שלו בדיוק מה הם, ולהרשות את ה-IP עם ה-Port הרלוונטי הספציפי שצריך להתעדכן, שזו גם קצת הנחה שהיא Far-fetched - גם אם הוא עושה את זה, האם הוא יודע בדיוק מה ה-Domain הספציפי שמתעדכן? כי גם הוא משתנה . . .לכן מגיע הפתרון שלנו, שאומר - “רגע, אני יודע שזה לא IP ו-Mac כלשהו, שאם שמים על הרשת, אני יודע שזו מדפסת”.לכן, המדפסת הזו מיוצאת ליותר מ-Domain אחד ובחודש האחרון - לא יודעת, אם הפרופיל שלה כל הזמן התעדכן, כל חודש או משהו כזה, ואני רואה איזשהו שינוי בהתנהגות - אז בגלל שהיא מדפסת, אני יודעת להגיד שזו חריגה.ואני יודעת או לשלוח את החוקים ל-Firewall או ממש להתריע בפני הצוות ולהגיד “תראה, יש עכשיו התנהגות חשודה ברשת, שים לב ל-IP הזה ולמה הוא מתנהג ככה”.(אורי) כן, במיוחד אם הצנטריפוגות שלך מתחילות ל . . .(טל) כן, זה משהו שרצוי לעצור . . .(רן) אז איך בעצם עובד מחקר כזה? אתם צריכים ללכת וממש להכיר כל פרוטוקול של כל מדפסת או כל ציוד IOT? איך בכלל מתחילים על כל הסיפור הזה?(טל) זו שאלה טובה . . . כמו שאתה יכול לתאר לעצמך, זה יכול להיות קצת סיזיפי לפעמים, אבל באמת ההתחלה הגיעה מהפרוטוקולים היותר גדולים, שרוב הרשתות משתמשות בהם ורוב מכשירי ה-IOT, באיזושהי רמה, ישתמשו בהם.אתם יכולים לתאר לעצמכם - HTTP ו-DNS ופרוטוקולים שקשורים ל-Registration לרשת - DHCP ו-CNP וכו’.ולאט לאט התחלנו משם, ועוד ועודבעצם, Armis עצמה היום יושבת על כמה Industries שונים, שזה אומר שאנחנו צריכים להחזיק הרבה אנשים שמכירים פרוטוקולים של רכיבים שבדרך כלל מתחברים לרשת משרדית - אבל גם את המעליות, וכל ה-Big Management systems וה-Industrial systems וכל ה-Medical . . .אז פשוט - בכל פעם שנכנסנו לתחום חדש, אז יושבים ומתחילים לחקור(רן) אוקיי - אז איך חוקרים? פשוא מסתכלים על הפאקטות (Packets) ומתחילים להבין מה הן אומרות?(טל) אז לפעמים ככה . . . בצורה יותר מתודית בדרך כלל, מנסים להבין מה הם המכשירים הרלוונטיים שמשתמשים בהם וקצת להבין אותם. הרבה פעמים . . .יש כל מיני סוגים - יש ממש לעשות Network research, ממש לראות איך פרוטוקול מסויים עובד, לנתח את הפאקטות (Packets), לראות פקודות מסויימותאם יש לך איזשהו מכשיר אז ממש לראות כל מיני פעילויות שאתה עושה ביום-יום עם המכשיר ולהבין את הפקודות השונות.לפעמים יש תיעוד של הדברים - יש Vendors שמייצרים תיעוד, שאין להם בעיה לשתף אותו.יש תיעוד קיים לפרוטוקולים שהם Open sourceויש מקרים יותר מורכבים . . . של פרוטוקולים ש . . .אני יכולה לתת דוגמא אחת מצחיקה שהייתה לנו, שאחד הלקוחות שלנו, בתחום התעופה - ולמעשה ראינו . . הצלחנו לזהות ברשת שלו “מנעולים חכמים”, כמו דלתות כאלה, כמו שאתם יכולים לדמיין, שאתם מתקרבים אליהן ויש חיישני גישה והן נפתחות.אז בעצם, עבור המקרה הזה אמרנו “בואו נקנה רכיבים דומים וננסה לחקור אותם”, והתחלנו לחקור ולהתעניין באינטרנט . . . [Sirius Cybernetics Corporation?](רן) כשאת אומרת “לחקור ולהתעניין”, אז בואי נראה אם אני מבין את הדבר הנכון - אני מסתכל על איזה Traffic הם מוציאים? מה הם מקבלים? איך הם מגיבים, נגיד, אם אני שולח להם Packet כזו - האם הם פותחים את הדלת? . . .מה המשמעות של “לחקור” בעצם?(טל) כן, זה ממש ככה - אתה רוצה לחבר אותם לרשת, ואז להתחיל לשחק איתם, להפעיל אותם כמו . . . תיכף אני אסביר למה לא רכשנו אותם, אבל אתה בעצם רוצה, לצורך העניין, לחבר מצלמת אבטחה לרשת, לשחק איתה, להזיז אותה, לראות מה היא קולטת, אילו פקודות היא נותנת חזרה לשרת, ואז, בעצם, להבין איך הפרוטוקול עובד - איזה סוג פקודה נשלחת בכל פעם שמתבצעת פעולה, ואיזה מידע עובר עם כל סוג פקודה כזה.(רן) אוקיי - ומה גיליתם? גיליתם משהו מעניין על אותן דלתות חכמות, מנעולים חכמים?(טל) אז את המנעולים החכמים מאוד מאוד רצינו, חשבנו שזה ממש מגניב לראות אותםבעצם, כשהתחלנו קצת לרחרח ולהתקשר למקומות שמוכרים את המנעולים החכמים האלה, בעצם קיבלנו כזה “אוקיי, אנחנו נבדוק בשבילכם”, ויום אחר כך התקשרה מישהי מה-DOD האמריקאי, ובאנגלית מאוד פורמלית ומאוד . . .(רן) זה ה-Department of Defense . . .(טל) כן, ה-Department of Defense . . . “התענייתם ברכישה של מנעולים מסוג כזה וכזה . . .”(רן) “האם אתם אירנים? האם אתם בונים כור?”(טל) בדיוק . . . “לאיזה צורך?”אז אמרנו “לא, רק רצינו לחקור ולראות איך הם עובדים”, ואז היא אמרה “So Don’t . . . ”ולא רכשנו את המנעולים האלה . . . אבל מן הסתם היה הרבה ציוד אחר, שאנחנו בודקים ומנתחים.(רן) היא כנראה לא עברה קורס הסוואה של ה-FBI או של ה-DOD . . .(טל) לא . . . באמת, לפעמים זה מאוד מוזר, התחום הזה.(אורי) בואי . . . ישראלי טוב, דווקא כשאומרים לו So Don’t . . . ” - דווקא קונה.(טל) אני . . . בואו נגיד שהסיפור נחרט, זה עד היום “המכשיר המפוספס” מבחינתי, יום יבוא ונשלים את זה.אבל בסדר - אנחנו כן ישראלים, אנחנו ידועים בתושייה שלנו ועל היכולת שלנו להתמודד עם דברים בכל מיני דרכים . . .(אורי) “חסמו לנו את הדלת החכמה, אז נכנסנו מהחלון החכם, זה לא . . . “(טל) היי! אנחנו Defense - רק מגינים.(רן) אז אוקיי - אולי נדבר על כמה חולשות מעניינות שיצא לך לחקור או להכיר, בפרוטוקולים מוכרים.אני מניח שהרבה מהאנשים פה שמאזינים מכירים את הפרוטוקולים הטיפוסיים - בין אם זה HTTP שהזכרת, DNS או אחרים - ספרי לנו על איזשהו סיפור מעניין שיצא לך לעבוד איתו.(אורי) על איזה פרוטוקול שאף אחד לא שמע עליו . . .(טל) שאף אחד לא שמע עליו? . . .(אורי) לא יודע . . . כמו הפרוטוקולים של קבינט הקורונה . . .(רן) אורי - יש לך טעם קינקי במיוחד היום? . . . לא, אולי נדבר על איזה פרוטוקול מוכר, אבל חולשה מעניינת.(טל) אני חושבת שאחד הדברים היותר מוכרים ומעניינים בהקשר של . . . או שנתחיל שנייה ביותר פשוט -באמת, התחום הזה של מחקר רשת - יש לו את הצד היותר הגנתי, שאנחנו משתמשים בו, ויש גם את הצד ההתקפי.זאת אומרת - אתה יכול לחקור פרוטוקול כדי להבין איך הוא מתנהל ולנסות להגן, ואתה יכול לחקור פרוטוקול כדי למצוא בו באמת חולשות.ולרוב אלו גם שני תפקידים שונים בתוך חברות.אז אני אנסה לתת דוגמא מכאן ומכאן, נשמע הגיוני?(רן) מעולה(טל) אז הצד הראשון הוא באמת הצד ההגנתי יותר, כשהמטרה שלנו פה היא לחקור פרוטוקול, להבין מה אפשר להוציא ממנו - ידע על המכשירים שמשתמשים בו - ומנגד לראות מתי אפשר להשתמש כדי . . . מתי הוא בעייתי.אני אתן לך דוגמא של פרוטוקול שאתה כנראה לא מכיר - כי HTTP ו- DNS הם באמת מוכרים - יש פרוטוקול מאוד מוכר בעולמות בתי החולים, עולמות ה-Medical, שנקרא DICOM.זהו למעשה פרוטוקול של מכשירי Imaging - אולטרסאונד או CT או X-ray - כל התחום הזה בעצם משתמש בפרוטוקול הסופר-עתיק הזה בשם DICOM, שכל המשמעות שלו היא תקשורת בין מכשיר הקצה, למשל האולטרסאונד, לבין איזשהו שרת ייעודי, שנקרא שרת PACS, שהוא בעצם השרת שמחזיק את ה-Images שנשלחים.(רן) זה לא כמו במצלמה אלקטרונית [דיגיטלית]? תמיד יש Folder כזה שנקרא “DICOM”, נכון? זה מגיע מאותו מקום? כשמורידים, נגיד . . אם מכניסים . . .(אורי) DCIM . . .(רן) אה, DCIM . . .(טל) DCIM . . . כן, זה שונה . . . נראה כמו אותם ראשי תיבות דומים, או משהו כזה, אבל לא - DICOM הוא ממש של עולם הרפואה.הוא מאוד מאוד מוכר ובשימוש מאוד רחב - לא ראיתי אף פעם לקוח בתחום שלא היה לו שימוש מאסיבי ב-DICOM . . .(רן) זאת אומרת שאם אני עושה CT או X-Ray או כל מיני דברים כאלה, אז זה כנראה עובר בפרוטוקול הזה לאיזשהו שרת?(טל) כן. אולי יש דרכים חדשות שמנסים, אבל אני עוד לא נתקלתי בהן בכל הבתי חולים שאנחנו עובדים איתם.(רן) שליחים של Wolt? . . .(אורי) אבל הוא נוצר בתקופת ה X-Ray או בתקופת ה-MRI?(טל) בתקופת ה-X-Ray, לחלוטין בתקופת ה-X-Ray . . . (רן) רוצה לומר - Precambrian . . .(אורי) לא - השאלה האם היו בכלל רשתות מחשבים . . .(טל) תראה, X-Ray הוא לא כזה פיתוח של 1920-1930 כזה? או שאני טועה? [1895] אז שם הוא עדיין לא קיים, אבל הוא [DICOM] לחלוטין פיתוח מסוף ה-90s, לדעתי, אם אני לא טועה [1983]. אני לא בטוחה . . .(רן) בתקופה התמימה של הרשתות . . .(טל) כן . . .ולכן - כמו שאתם מתארים לעצמכם - הוא un-encrypted לחלוטין . . . הוא לא מוצפן, הכל עובר בגלוי, הוא ברובו אפילו לא בינארי - הוא ברובו טקסטואלי, שזה גם הבדל משמעותי בין פרוטוקלים, מן הסתםבגלל זה, כששאלת האם יש פרוטוקול שמסתכל על כמה פאקטות (Packets) ומבין מה הם עושים? אז כן - יש פרוטוקולים שהם פשוט טקסטואליים, שמי שכתב אותם פשוט . . .(רן) ואם זו תמונה - איך מייצגים תמונה באמצעות טקסט?(טל) אז תמונה מיוצגת באמצעות . . . בייצוג בינארי של תמונה - אבל גם התמונה היא Un-encrypted, בפיענוח מאוד פשוט אתה יכול להוציא את זה.(רן) זאת אומרת שמי שפיתח את הפרוטוקול יצא מתוך נקודת הנחה שכל מי שיכול להאזין לרשת הוא Trusted, ובעולם של היום אנחנו יודעים שזה לא קיים . . .(טל) בדיוק, לחלוטין - זה ממש מה שקרה.(אורי) או שהוא תכנן על זה שזה לא מעניין אף אחד . . .(טל) כן . . .זה גם יכול להיות, אעפ”י שזה קצת תמים לחשוב שזה לא מעניין אף אחד, הפרטים האלה . . .(טל) ובאמת, אחד הדברים שמתחילת הדרך מהר מאוד הבנו בעולמות של DICOM . . . אגב, זה לא ספציפית רק ל-DICOM, רוב הפרוטוקולים בעולם הרפואה, לצערי, לא מוצפנים ורובם טקסטואליים, ומכילים פרטים מאוד אישיים על כל אחד מאיתנו, כולל שמות, רקע רפואי, גובה, משקל, תעודת זהות, שם של הרופא המטפל - הכל עובר בצורה גלויה.(רן) תראי - לפני עולם המחשוב, הרופאים היו כותבים בצורה קריפטית (encrypted), ואף אחד לא יכול היה לפענח, והכל היה בסדר . . . עכשיו, עם כל המחשוב הזה, כולם יכולים לקרוא בפונט של Miriam . . .(אורי) אני חושב שהם פשוט לא תכננו . . . לא הבינו איך אפשר לקרוא את זה.(רן) אז מה עושים? - אפשר לכתוב את זה באיזשהו IPsec או באיזשהו משהו אחר? לעטוף את זה באיזושהי שכבה שכן מצפינה?(טל) זו שאלה טובה . . . זה חלק, שלמשל, היה מתסכל עבורי - אנחנו רואים את זה, אנחנו יושבים לצד הרשת, אנחנו לא חלק בהאנחנו לא יכולים להצפין, אנחנו בעיקר יכולים לעדכן את בתי החולים שזה מה שקורה ושזה המידע שמועבר.ואנחנו באמת, מהנקודה הזו והלאה, על כל פרוטוקול אומרים איזה סוג של מידע מועבר בו.חשוב להדגיש שאנחנו לא מוציאים את המידע הזה מאף אד מהלקוחות שלנו - זה נשאר ברשת שלהם ואנחנו בכלל לא מעבירים את המידע.(רן) כמו שאורי אמר - את מי זה מעניין? . . .(טל) כן . . . האמת שזה מאוד מעניין - אני יכולה לדבר אפילו על רשת בתי חולים של מדינה כלשהי, שבעבר - אחת הסיבות שהם התעניינו ו-Ultimately באנו עם המוצרים שלנו, הייתה בגלל שהם באמת חוו פריצה משמעותית, מצד מדינה אחרת, אל המאגרים שלהם, לרשת, בעצם.בגלל שכל המידע לא מוצפן והם לא ידעו שיש להם דליפה, הרבה מהמידע דלף החוצה, ובכירים ממשלתיים פשוט . . . Blackmailed, ממש נסחטו.וזה מאוד קשור - פשוט נבע ממידע לא מוצפן וגישה לרשת.(רן) זה מעניין כמעט כמו לפרוץ לחברת ביטוח, נגיד שירביט . . .(טל) נגיד . . .(רן) סתם זרקתי שם . . . אז אוקיי, גיליתם את זה. כולם ידעו שהפרוטוקול הזה הוא לא Encrypted, אז מה . . . העבודה שלכם פה כאילו נגמרה, מה אתם יכולים לעשות פה?(טל) אז זו שאלה טובה . . . בחלק הזה באמת זה קצת מתסכל, בעולמות של ה-Medical- המטרה שלנו הייתה קודם כל, בראש ובראשונה, להבין את הפרוטוקול הזה, להבין איך הוא מתנהל.באיזה שלב מועברים הפרטים הרגישים? ובצורה הזו אנחנו . . .אגב, לפרוטוקול יש באמת איזשהו Association request, וצריך להחזיר אליו, ויש בקשה כזאת, ובקשת Store, ובקשה להעברת Images.כל הדברים האלה הם דברים ברזולוציות מאוד מאוד גבוהות, שאנחנו צריכים להבין ולגלות, כדי לדעת באיזה חלק או באיזו פקודה עובר המידע המוצפן.ואז למעשה אנחנו יכולים . . . אנחנו לא יכולים להצפין אותו ולא יכולים לעצור אותו - אנחנו יכולים לשקף את זה ללקוח שלנו.ואז בעצם, אם חס וחלילה המידע הזה מוזלג החוצה, אנחנו יכולים לבוא ולהגיד ללקוח - “שים לב, המידע המוצפן הזה נשלח לאיזשהו מחשב או מכשיר כלשהו, שנמצא מחוץ לרשת שלך”או אפילו למכשיר בתוך הרשת, שאינו מורשה, Not Authorized.אנחנו מאפשרים ללקוח ממש לסמן את המכשירים שמותר להם לגשת למידע הזה ומכשירים שלא.ואז, בעצם, אנחנו מנסים לפחות To contain - ממש לעצור את זה.(רן) אוקיי, את זה הבנתי, זה ערך מוסף משמעותי - אולי הפרוטוקול עצמו לא בטוח, אבל לפחות אתם יודעים שמישהו ניגש ולא אמור לגשת(טל) בדיוק.(אורי) אני רציתי לשאול לגבי גופי רגולציה - נתת את הדוגמא של מערכות בריאותיות, ויש שם מידע לא מוצפן.האם יש סוגי מערכות, שיש תקינה מסויימת לגבי האבטחה שלהן, וגופי תקינה שנמצאים בקשר איתכם כדי לאכוף את התקנים האלה?(טל) יש הרבה מערכות שיש איזה-שהם גופי תקינה, לצערי . . . בעולמות ה-Medial, אגב, מאוד.לדוגמא, היינו בעולמות הרנטגן - לכל מכשיר רנטגן חדש שיוצא יש איזושהי תקינה, יש מסמך שהוא צריך למלא, כולל שאלות לגבי אבטחה - האם אפשר לשים עליו אנטי-וירוס? האם יש לו אילו-שהן Capabilities בתחום ה-Security?והוא גם צריך לעבור אישור FDA.לצערי, בפרוטוקולים הם לא כל כך בודקים . . . אני לא מכירה, לפחות, איזושהי רגולציה מאוד חזקה על הפרוטוקולים.בדרך כלל, כשאנחנו מתקשרים ללקוחות, הם אומרים לנו “אנחנו יודעים” - ואז אנחנו מראים להם כמה זה נפוץ ברשת והם קצת נבהלים אבל מבינים . . . באמת אין מספיק פיקוח על התחום הזה.קצת יוצאים מתוך נקודת הנחה שבעצם אף אחד לא יצליח לפרוץ - אנחנו מנסים להגן על הרשת של בתי החולים, כדי שאף אחד לא יצליח להיכנס פנימה.אישית, אני חייבת להגיד שזו תפיסת אבטחה שהיא קצת קשה היום . . .(רן) אני מניח, לצורך העניין - רגולציה זה סבבה, אבל היא כנראה נמצאת כמה שנים אחרי התוקפים, ברמה המחשבתית, הטכנולוגית . . .(טל) בדיוק(אורי) זה בסדר - הרגולציה סוגרת פירצה. יכול להיות שהתוקפים נכנסו דרך הפירצה כבר, אבל כדי שזה לא ימשיך אז . . .(רן) אוקיי . . . זה מעניין, אני אחשוב פעמיים עכשיו לפני שאני אעשה . . . לפני שאשבור את היד או אקבל איזה התקף לב . . .(רן) בהכנה לפודקאסט, רשמנו כל מיני שמות של התקפות מעניינות או כל מיני Vulnerabilities מעניינים שאפשר לדבר עליהם, אז בואי נבחר איזה כמה מבין ה - WannaCry וה-EternalBlue או אחרים שאת חושבת שמעניינים ונדבר עליהן.(טל) ודגש על WannaCry וה-EternalBlue . . . אין בעיה, בשמחה.אני חושבת שגם בחרתי . . . באמת, WannaCry הוא אחת התקיפות היותר מוכרות בעולם ה-Cyber ב3-4 שנים האחרונות . . .(רן) נגיד שאני לא מכיר . . .(טל) אני אספר מאפס, אבל באמת - זו איזושהי תקיפה שנתגלתה ב-2017, Ransomware בעצם.יש כל מיני סוגים של Ransomware - יש כאלה שהוא יותר מטורגטים (Targeted), שנועדו כדי להרוויח הרבה כסף ממקום אחד אבל WannaCry הוא באמת Ransomware מאוד רחב, שנשלח להרבה מאוד מקומות, מתוך מטרה לקבל מעט כסף מהרבה מקומות שנתפסו.ו-WannaCry הוא בעצם השם של ה-Ransomware עצמו, כלומר - Ransomware הוא סוג של Malware, שיושב בדרך כלל על מחשבים או שרתים, וכשאתה מפעיל אותו הוא מראה לך כמו איזושהי הודעה כזאת מאוד רעה . . .לפעמים רשום בכתב [פונט] “מרים” מאוד יפה, אבל היא מאוד קשה לעיכול - שבעצם אתה לא יכול לגשת למחשב שלך, אלא אם תעביר כסף . . .(רן) “עשירית Bitcoin - או שכל הקבצים שלך יושמדו”.(טל) בדיוק . . .אז הרעים ביותר הם עם איזשהו Deadline לקבצים שיושמדו, כמו שרואים בטלויזיהלרוב הם די Plain-text עם סמיילי בסוף . . . עוקצני כזה - ואיזשהו ארנק Bitcoin שאפשר להעביר אליו את התשלום.זה היה אירוע באמת מאוד רחב, וזה השם של ה-Ransomware.הוא עשה נזק של עשרות מיליונים ברחבי העולם, ועד היום יש מופעים שלו וקשה להיפטר ממנו.(רן) מעניין אותי האם עושים A/B Testing על הטקסט, על הפונט, על הסמיילי בסוף? . . . לדעת מה יותר אפקטיביוגם על הסכום! הרי בכל פעם שמוציאים מוצר חדש . . (אורי) אל תדאג - בטוח שעושים.(רן) ומה מעניין בו, טכנולוגית? זאת אומרת - איך הוא בעצם פועל?(טל) אני חושבת שמה שמעניין יותר, טכנולוגית, הוא ה-EternalBlue, שזו קצת דרך ההפצה של WannaCryיש כל מיני דרכי הפצה - כשאתה תוקף, יש את הדרך שלך להיכנס, ראשונית, לתוך הרשת - לגרום לבנאדם בתוך הרשת ללחוץ או לקבל את ה-Exert [מפעיל] בצורה ראשוניתלרוב זה נעשה בצורה לא מאוד חדשנית - לרוב WannaCry באיזשהו Spear Phishing - מייל שנשלח ולחצו על איזשהו לינקואז בעצם מה שקורה עם הלינק הזה - אם התוקף עשה את עבודתו נכון, הוא הצליח בעצם לנצל את הפרצה המסויימת במכשיר שהוא ניגש אליו, וניצול הפירצה הזו נעשה על ידי Exert בשם EternalBlue.עכשיו, יש גם עוד כמה סוגים שונים של חולשות שהשתמשו בהן כדי להתקין את ה-WannaCry, אבל EternalBlue הייתה המוכרת בהן.(רן) איך עבד EternalBlue?(טל) EternalBlue השתמש בפרוטוקול SMB, שזה Server Message Block - זה פרוטוקול מאוד ותיק של Microsoft, שאפילו שימש לפני ה- Active Directory כדי לקשר בין שרתים.מה ש-EternalBlue עשה זה ניצל כמה חולשות בתוך הפרוטוקול של SMBאלו כמה חולשות, שהשתמשו אחת בשנייה, אבל בעצם כשאני אומרת “חולשות” זה באגים - דברים שלא עובדים כמו שצריך בתוך הפרוטוקול עצמו.(רן) בפרוטוקול עצמו, או במימושים שלו בתחנות היעד?(טל) למעשה, במסגרת EternalBlue, מה שיכולת לעשות זה להעביר איזושהי פאקטה (Packet) . . . מה שנעשה בפועל זה שנשלחה פאקטה (Packet) שהיא זדונית, מראש היא נשלחה בפרוטוקול SMB,מחשבים שהצליחו לקבל אותה - אפשר היה להפעיל עליהם קוד, וזה היה בעצם הרעיון של ה-Exploit - אתה יכול, באמצעות פאקטה (Packet) אחת, ב-Session אחד, כל עוד המכשיר השני מקבל אותו - ופה קצת מגיע ה”למי יש את ה-Ports הפתוחים של SMB” , אבל בגלל שמדובר באיזשהו פרוטוקול של שרתים אז להרבה מכשירים ישנים . . . למעשה, כמעט מ-Windows 7 ודרומה, וה-Servers המקבילים שלו - כולם פגיעים.ויש גם גרסאות של Windows 10 שעדיין פגיעות אליו.וכולם יכלו לקבל את הפאקטה הזאת, ויכלו להריץ קוד במסגרת השליחה של ה-Exploit, והקוד הזה היה WannaCryעכשיו, Network research זה בדיוק מה ששימש את ההאקרים האלה כדי לתכנן את ה-Exploit - הם ראו כל מיני באגיםזה אומר, למשל, שב-SMB יש לך כל מיני פקודות שאתה שולח - המטרה של SMB זה לקבל הרשאות לקבצים, או לשלוח קבצים להדפסה, כל מיני דברים כאלה.בעצם, בחלק מהפקודות שמעבירות את ה-Meta-data של הקבצים, יש שני סוגים של פקודות, שכל אחד מהם משתמש בשדה, Field, אחר, כדי לציין את גודל ה-Packets שנשלחו.(רן) אז נוצרה אי-תאימות? . . .(טל) בדיוק - הבאג הוא שלא נעשית ולידציה (Validation) - אם אתה משתמש ב-Field אחד אבל שולח סוג אחר . . .(רן) כמעט לכל פרוטוקול היה את הבאג הזה מתישהו . . . היה את זה ל-HTTP, היה את זה ל-TCP, היה כמעט בכל הפרוטוקולים . . .(טל) אז זה ממש היה ב-SMB, והיו עוד באגים קטנים שהם ניצלו אותם.(רן) זו הייתה חולשה ידועה בזמן שכל הסיפור התפוצץ?(טל) אז EternalBlue הוא באמת סיפור מצחיק, כי הסיפור הוא, לפי מקורות זרים, שה-NSA השתמש בחולשה הזאת לאורך שנים, והם לא עשו Disclosure ל-Microsoft אלה השתמשו בו.והוא למעשה דלף להאקרים כשנעשתה דליפה מה-NSA . . . זה הסיפור.ואז בעצם התחילו להשתמש בו באופן רחב, והסיפור הוא מאת Microsoft, שבאמת התלוננו על ה-NSA שלא נעשה פה Disclosure . . .(רן) ומזה יצא קורונה ו-5G וכל השאר . . .(אורי) אבל הוא גם, לפי מה שאת מתארת, כזה פרוטוקול לא מתוחזק . . . זה פרוטוקול ישן, הוא . . .(טל) הוא פרוטוקול ישןה-EternalBlue יצא על מה שנקרא SMB version 1 - היום יש Version 2 ו-Version 3.הם כן תחזקו אותו . . . כאילו - יש פרוטוקולים שהם כל כך מסואבים וכל כך ישנים, ויש להם פשוט הרבה מקומות שאתה יכול למצוא פרצות.אני אוכל לתת דוגמא אחרת מפרוטוקול אחר שהוא טיפה פחות מוכר - זה משהו שעשינו ב-Armis, ע”י צוות ה-Research המעולה שלנוכמו שאמרתי, יש הרבה שחוקרים את הצד ההגנתי ויש כאלה שחוקרים חולשות.אצלנו בארץ, ב-Armis, יש את שניהם - יש צוות Network research מעולה, שעושה כמעט את כל המחקרים שדיברתי עליהם, ויש לנו צוות Research, שהמטרה שלו היא למצוא באמת את הבעיות האלה.הצוות הזה חקר פרוטוקול שהוא קצת פחות מוכר בעולמות האלה כי הוא פרוטוקול Layer 2, שהוא פרוטוקול של Cisco שנקרא CDP, שזה בעצם Cisco Discovery Protocol.כמעט כל המכשירים של Cisco משתמשים בו.הוא נועד במקור לניהול, ל-Management של VoIP-ים, אבל למעשה כל מכשיר של Cisco, כולל הסוויצ’ים, כולל כל מצלמות האבטחה של Cisco, מי שמשתמש בהן - כולם מתקשרים על הפרוטוקול הזה.המטרה של החברה היא לעבור על פרוטוקול שלא כל כך נחקר, ולמצוא כל מיני דברים.במסגרת הפרסום הזה, שנקרא CDPwn, הם מצאו 5 חולשות שונות - ארבע מהן מאפשרות גם Remote Code Execution, שזו הרמה המשמעותית של הפריצה, כי זה אומר שאתה יכול להריץ קוד . . .(אורי) הפגיעה ביותר . . .(טל) הפגיעה ביותר, כי Remote Code Execution אומר שאתה פשוט יכול להריץ קוד על המכשיר.מה שהיה סופר-מעניין ב-Scenario הזה זה שאם עד עכשיו דיברנו על WannaCry, אז WannaCry מתחבר לאיזשהו מחשב, WannaCry עצמו גם יכול היה להריץ את EternalBlue כדי להתרחבאם כבר נכנסת לתוך הרשת אז יש לך גם מנגנון התרחבות, ואז אתה בעצם תוקף את כולם ומפיל את כל הרשת באיזשהו Ransomware.אבל הרבה דרכים להגן על רשתות היום, מה שאנשי IT עושים, זה בעצם לשייך את הרשת ל VLAN-ים שונים, ל-Sub-Networks שונים, כדי להגן בעצם על החומר הסודי שלהם.כלומר - אם אני קוקה-קולה, אז אני שמה את המתכון הסודי ב-Sub-Net אחת וב-VLAN, ולא נותנת לאף אחד לגשת.הרכיבים שיודעים לשלוט על הדברים האלה הם ה-Switches וה-Routers של Cisco, ולכן אם אתה תוקף ויודע לפרוץ את המכשירים האלה ולהריץ קוד עליהם, אתה יכול להפיל את החומות שאתה מייצר בין הסוגים השונים של הרשתות.זה מה שהפך את המתקפה הזאת לעוד יותר מסוכנת.(אורי) מה שאת אומרת זה שלו אני איש IT שמתכנן רשת של ארגון, את רוב הרשת אני אשים על Vendor אחד, ואת המקומות החשובים לי במיוחד אני אשים על Vendor אחר, ככה שפרוטוקולים של Command & Control לא יכולים לעבור בין Vendor ל-Vendor . . .(רן) מה שנקרא Defense-in-Depth, אורי . . . אבל אתה צריך גם שאיש IT שונה יתחזק את אותם [איזורים] . . .(טל) בכנות, אני די בטוחה שהמתכון של קוקה-קולה הוא על איזשהו מחשב יחיד, בודד, שאין לו שום גישה לאינטרנט ויש כמה Firewalls בינו לבין . . . (אורי) או שהוא כתוב בפנקס של Koh-I-Noor ושמור מתחת לאיזשהו מזרן . . .(טל) כנראה, אני מקווה . . . כי זה כנראה . . . לשמור על דאטה רגיש זה באמת קשה, ואם אתה שואל אותי, אז זה קצת קשור בעד כמה שאתה חושב שאנשים ירצו לקחת את המידע הזה.אם טרגטו (Target) אותך, אז זה קשה .הסיפור הכי מוכר של השנה האחרונה, ממש מהחצי שנה האחרונה, הוא הסיפור של SolarWinds, אם אתם מכיריםזו חברת Security בפני עצמה, שלא רק שהצליחו לפרוץ אליה - הצליחו לפרוץ לאחד המוצרים שלה . . .(רן) SolarWinds זו למעשה חברת IT, שמספקת בעיקר Security ללקוחות שלה - והם בעצמם נפרצו - ומשם גם ללקוחות שלהם?(טל) בדיוק(אורי) אני חושב שכשפרצו להם, בעצם לקחו את כלי התקיפת White-Hat שלהם, או משהו כזה . . .(טל) אז לא - מסתבר שממש טרגטו (Target) את SolarWinds, ומה שהם עשו זה ממש פרצו לקוד שלהם.הם ממש נכנסו לסביבת הפיתוח של אחת מתוכנות ה-Security ש-SolarWinds מציעה, והצליחו להוריד גרסא עם Malwareממש לשלוח איזושהי גרסא חדשה, לעשות Build, ניצלו איזושהי חולשת Build שם בשביל להגיע לרשת הזאת, והוציאו איזושהי גרסא - שכל מי שמתקין אותה יכול . . . בעצם “יש להם רגל ברשת שלו”, יש מי שמתקשר איתו החוצה.ואז, חלק מהלקוחות של SolarWinds ומי שבצם פרסם את כל התקיפה הזאת, היו חברת Security בשם FireEye.כש-FireEye פתאום קלטו שיש איזושהי זליגה מתוך ה-Knowledge Base הפנימי שלהם, שכלל מתקפות White-Hat שהם עשו ב-Scanners שלהם, שהם מציעים בעצם לציבור . . .משם כבר הבינו שיש איזושהי דליפה, הגיעו למקור שלה, הבינו שזה מה-Orion, מהמערכת של SolarWinds שהם רכשו - ואז הם פרסמו את זה.למעשה, המון המון גופים, בין אם עסקיים אבל גם לחלוטין ממשלתיים, לרמת ה-FBI ועוד גופים שהשתיקה יפה להם, ממש גילו שיש להם את המערכת הזאת ושמאוד סביר שדלף מהם חומר . . (אורי) אז ההיא מ-DOD התקשרה ואמרה “עכשיו את יכולים”?(טל) עכשיו אנחנו יכולים, כן . . .היא איחרה את המועד . . .(רן) טוב, כן - לא הייתי רוצה להיות SolarWinds במקרה הזה, אבל זה אחלה סיפור ואני בטוח שכולם שמעו עליו.מה שנקרא - לשמור על השומרים.טוב, טל - היה מרתק, תודה שבאת . . . (אורי) אפשר לדבר על זה עוד הרבה זמן(טל) תודה לכם שאירחתם אותי, לכבוד היא לי(רן) בשמחה - להתראות.הקובץ נמצא כאן, האזנה נעימה ותודה רבה לעופר פורר על התמלול
Learn about why popular opinion might not be as popular as you thought; a new analysis that’s debunked the blood type diet; and a pool of water in Kidd Creek Mine in Timmins, Ontario, Canada, that’s 2 billion years old. One person repeating an opinion makes people think it's a popular opinion by Kelsey Donk People Often Think An Opinion Heard Repeatedly From The Same Person Is Actually A Popular Opinion. (2020). ScienceDaily. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/05/070520183447.htm Weaver, K., Garcia, S. M., Schwarz, N., & Miller, D. T. (2007). Inferring the popularity of an opinion from its familiarity: A repetitive voice can sound like a chorus. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92(5), 821–833. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.92.5.821 A new analysis has debunked the blood type diet by Grant Currin New study debunks blood type diet. (2020). EurekAlert! https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-12/pcfr-nsd120420.php Kahleova, H., Petersen, K. F., Shulman, G. I., Alwarith, J., Rembert, E., Tura, A., Hill, M., Holubkov, R., & Barnard, N. D. (2020). Effect of a Low-Fat Vegan Diet on Body Weight, Insulin Sensitivity, Postprandial Metabolism, and Intramyocellular and Hepatocellular Lipid Levels in Overweight Adults. JAMA Network Open, 3(11), e2025454. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.25454 Barnard, N. D., Rembert, E., Freeman, A., Bradshaw, M., Holubkov, R., & Kahleova, H. (2020). Blood Type Is Not Associated with Changes in Cardiometabolic Outcomes in Response to a Plant-Based Dietary Intervention. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2020.08.079 Shmerling, R. H. (2017, May 12). Diet not working? Maybe it’s not your type - Harvard Health Blog. Harvard Health Blog. https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/diet-not-working-maybe-its-not-your-type-2017051211678 The World's Oldest Known Pool of Water Is a Staggering 2 Billion Years Old by Joanie Faletto Kidd Creek Mine | AMNH. (2021). American Museum of Natural History. https://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/permanent/planet-earth/why-is-the-earth-habitable/where-do-the-earth-s-riches-come-from/kidd-creek-mine Gilllis, L. (2019, June 17). Is there new life for Kidd Mine? Northern Ontario Business; Northern Ontario Business. https://www.northernontariobusiness.com/regional-news/timmins/is-there-new-life-for-kidd-mine-1510179 McGill University. (2016, November 3). Channels. https://www.mcgill.ca/channels/news/it%E2%80%99s-whats-underneath-counts-263769 Holland, G., Lollar, B. S., Li, L., Lacrampe-Couloume, G., Slater, G. F., & Ballentine, C. J. (2013). Deep fracture fluids isolated in the crust since the Precambrian era. Nature, 497(7449), 357–360. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12127 Li, L., Wing, B. A., Bui, T. H., McDermott, J. M., Slater, G. F., Wei, S., Lacrampe-Couloume, G., & Lollar, B. S. (2016). Sulfur mass-independent fractionation in subsurface fracture waters indicates a long-standing sulfur cycle in Precambrian rocks. Nature Communications, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms13252 Subscribe to Curiosity Daily to learn something new every day with Cody Gough and Ashley Hamer. You can also listen to our podcast as part of your Alexa Flash Briefing; Amazon smart speakers users, click/tap “enable” here: https://www.amazon.com/Curiosity-com-Curiosity-Daily-from/dp/B07CP17DJY See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
After the formation of the earth, we enter the Pre-Cambrian. We look the creation of continents, the oldest rocks, how to date them and the late heavy bombardment. Next time we focus on the creation of life and continue through the pre-cambrian. Thanks for listening Visit the site for the transcript - www.thenaturalhistorypodcast.com An online geological map of the UK https://mapapps.bgs.ac.uk/geologyofbritain/home.html
Skeptics claim that the fossil record is a good and relatively complete picture of the development of life on earth with little or no exceptions. But is that the case? This episode features Joel Tay and Paul Price. Creation.com Talk is produced by Joseph Darnell out of the CMI-USA studios. Become a monthly contributor at our site. You can also help out by telling your family and friends to check out Creation.com Talk. Helpful Resources Living Fossils - Grand Experiment, Ep. 2 Flood Fossils - Untold Secrets of Planet Earth Series The Fossil Record - Unearthing Nature's History of Life Links and Show Notes Pollen Paradox Precambrian rabbits—death knell for evolution? Further expansion of evolutionary fossil time ranges Are fossils ever found in the wrong place? The fossil record The salt range saga Are there out-of-sequence fossils that are problematic for evolution? Refuting Evolution 2, chapter 8 Is the fossil record overwhelming evidence for evolution? The fossil record and Precambrian rabbits Can Christians Believe in Evolution? Timestamps 00:00 Introduction 00:17 Out-of-order fossils 01:10 Blow away evolution 02:13 Mount Roraima pollen 04:55 Punjab region Salt Marls 07:39 Extending the ranges 10:17 ‘Never question evolution’ 11:31 Reworking the stones 14:06 Creationists explanation 15:41 Wrap-up FOLLOW US (if you want) ► Facebook ► Twitter ► Instagram ► Our site
The Eon in which we live is called the Phanerozoic, which comes from the ancient Greek word for visible life. The eon starts with the Cambrian, which began 541 million years ago. But in recent decades it has become increasingly clear from the fossil record that there was visible life before the Cambrian, and complex life at that. So what caused it to emerge then, and what caused it to proliferate and diversify so vigorously in the early Cambrian? Rachel Wood is Professor of Carbonate Geoscience at the University of Edinburgh. She and her team have uncovered fossils that suggest that the fuse of the so called Cambrian explosion was lit in the Ediacaran – the geological period that preceded the Cambrian. Go to geologybites.com for illustrations that include pictures of the Ediacaran fossils Rachel Wood discusses in the podcast and of some of the locations in Siberia and Namibia where she found them, as well as to learn more about Geology Bites.
(image source: https://www.pinterest.com/pin/793970609285301591/) Host Matthew Donald and guest co-host Jennifer Grossman discuss LUCA, the most recent organism from which all others on Earth have a common descent, which is pretty out-there. From the Precambrian era, this single-celled organism had nothing noteworthy about it whatsoever other than all its descendants, so have hope, all you losers! You might not be special, but your great-grandkids could be! Emphasis on "could." Want to further support the show? Sign up to our Patreon for exclusive bonus content here. Also, you can purchase Matthew Donald's dinosaur book "Megazoic" on Amazon by clicking here, its sequel "Megazoic: The Primeval Power" by clicking here, its third installment "Megazoic: The Hunted Ones" by clicking here, or its final installment "Megazoic: An Era's End" by clicking here.
TRIGGER WARNING: This episode is PACKED with colorful vocabulary! Most would define these as sexually explicit words, which does not make sense, because these words are referring to organs used for nursing (which are not used for sex!). However, we do use sexually explicit language when referring to the male body, because men have it coming! Oops In today's episode... Me, Myself and YVA toss around some wacky theories! Were the Ediacaran seas packed with floating boobs? Are these boobs remnants of our long-lost dolphin overlords? Have geologists been covering up the existence of prehistoric boobies for decades? And the most wacky, insane theory or all...should we stop sexualizing non-sexual body parts and allow a whole gender to freely inhabit the physical vessels they are born with? Oh, how shocking! They've been trying to cover 'em up for centuries. We're exposing them! :) ====================== The Haven of the Abyssal Cnidaria want YOU! Join us. Spread the word. May eternal be thy Flashy! ====================== Send us suggestions and comments to darwinsdeviations@gmail.com Intro/outro sampled from "Sequence (Mystery and Terror) 3" by Francisco Sánchez (@fanchisanchez) at pixabay.com Sound effects obtained from https://www.zapsplat.com YVA voiced with FreeTTS Image Credit: Verisimilus at English Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons (Episode image is heavily edited, the image owner reserves all rights to their image, and is not affiliated with our podcast) SOURCES: A LOT of Wikipedia articles I cannot possibly list Urban Thesaurus - Slang words for Breasts The science of why human breasts are so big Evolution of Life - The Ediacaran: Cyclomedusa Wei-guo, Sun. “Precambrian medusoids: The Cyclomedusa plexus and Cyclomedusa-like pseudofossils.” Precambrian Research 31 (1986): 325-360. R. J. F. Jenkins, C. H. Ford & J. G. Gehling (1983) The Ediacara member of the Rawnsley quartzite: The context of the Ediacara assemblage (late precambrian, flinders ranges), Journal of the Geological Society of Australia, 30:1-2, 101-119, DOI: 10.1080/00167618308729240 Narbonne, G. (1994). New Ediacaran fossils from the Mackenzie Mountains, northwestern Canada. Journal of Paleontology, 68(3), 411-416. doi:10.1017/S0022336000025816 Crimes, T., A. Insole and B. J. Williams. “A rigid-bodied Ediacaran Biota from Upper Cambrian strata in Co. Wexford, Eire.” Geological Journal 30 (1995): 89-109. McMenamin, Mark. (1986). The Garden of Ediacara. Palaios. 1. 178. 10.2307/3514512. McMenamin, M.A.S. and McMenamin, D.L.S. (1990) The Emergence of Animals; the Cambrian Breakthrough, Columbia University Press McMenamin, M. (1998). The Garden of Ediacara. New York: Columbia University Press.
On this ID the Future, German paleontologist Günter Bechly explains why the Precambrian fossil Namacalathus fails as a transitional precursor to the Cambrian explosion. Darwinists want to find transitional precursors to the Cambrian animals to minimize how poorly the Cambrian explosion fits with Darwinism’s story of a gradual evolutionary development. Dr. Bechly gives other examples of such efforts as well and shows how each fails. As he says, the more we learn about the Cambrian and Precambrian, the more dramatic the Cambrian explosion appears and the poorer it fits with modern evolutionary theory. As he also notes, the points he makes in this episode have been made by mainstream evolutionary paleontologists. He differs only in stepping back from the larger pattern Read More › Source
Romantic comedies. A staple (or at least a paperclip) of Hollywood movies since the Pre-Cambrian era. This genre has survived world wars, Great Depressions, and bell-bottomed pants. We love us some meet-cute, will-they-or-won’t-they, will she marry the rich snob or the snarky but hunky pipe welder type movies. And it’s funny! In this, our latest … Continue reading "Episode 121: It Happened One Night (1934)"
In this installment of the Geology Flannelcast, the boys talk about some current events in the geology world. They cover a mysterious monolith found in the Utah desert, what life may have been like for the last dinosaurs, a new way to make synthetic diamonds, and a new Precambrian death assemblage discovered in Greenland. Additionally, the Flannelcasters unveil a new show segment called Jesse Trends. Chris mentions some Thanksgiving themed topics trending on Google and Jesse has to describe how the topics are linked to geology.
18 Explosive Origins of Life. The Precambrian Explosion was Only One of Them. – Dr. Gunter Bechly Ph.D. Fossil Discontinuities: Refutation of Darwinism & Confirmation of Intelligent Design – Dr. Gunter Bechly Ph.D.Watch the many visuals in this presentation at- https://youtu.be/M7w5QGqcnNs FOCLOnlineThe fossil record is dominated by abrupt appearances of new body plans and new groups of organisms. This conflicts with the gradualistic prediction of Darwinian Evolution. Here 18 explosive origins in the history of life are described, demonstrating that the famous Cambrian Explosion is far from being the exception to the rule. Also the fossil record establishes only very brief windows of time for the origin of complex new features, which creates a ubiquitous waiting time problem for the origin and fixation of the required coordinated mutations. This refutes the viability of the Neo-Darwinian evolutionary process as the single conceivable naturalistic or mechanistic explanation for biological origins, and thus confirms Intelligent Design as the only reasonable alternative. - See more at www.FOCLonline.org Dr. Günter Bechly is a German paleo-entomologist who specializes in the fossil history and systematics of insects (esp. dragonflies), the most diverse group of animals. He served as curator for amber and fossil insects in the department of paleontology at the State Museum of Natural History (SMNS) in Stuttgart, Germany. He is also a Senior Fellow with Discovery Institute’s Center for Science and Culture. Dr. Bechly earned his Ph.D. in geosciences from Eberhard-Karls-University in Tübingen, Germany. HELP ACU SPREAD THE WORD!Ways to subscribe to the American Conservative University PodcastClick here to subscribe via iTunesClick here to subscribe via RSSYou can also subscribe via StitcherIf you like this episode head on over to iTunes and kindly leave us a rating, a review and subscribe! People find us through our good reviews. FEEDBACK + PROMOTIONYou can ask your questions, make comments, submit ideas for shows and lots more. Let your voice be heard.Email us at americanconservativeuniversity@americanconservativeuniversity.comNote- ACU Students and Alumni are asked to commit to donating Platelets and Plasma. Make an Appointment Today! Call Your local Hospital or The Red Cross at 1-800-733-2767
18 Explosive Origins of Life. The Precambrian Explosion was Only One of Them. – Dr. Gunter Bechly Ph.D. Fossil Discontinuities: Refutation of Darwinism & Confirmation of Intelligent Design – Dr. Gunter Bechly Ph.D. Watch the many visuals in this presentation at- https://youtu.be/M7w5QGqcnNs FOCLOnline The fossil record is dominated by abrupt appearances of new body plans and new groups of organisms. This conflicts with the gradualistic prediction of Darwinian Evolution. Here 18 explosive origins in the history of life are described, demonstrating that the famous Cambrian Explosion is far from being the exception to the rule. Also the fossil record establishes only very brief windows of time for the origin of complex new features, which creates a ubiquitous waiting time problem for the origin and fixation of the required coordinated mutations. This refutes the viability of the Neo-Darwinian evolutionary process as the single conceivable naturalistic or mechanistic explanation for biological origins, and thus confirms Intelligent Design as the only reasonable alternative. - See more at www.FOCLonline.org Dr. Günter Bechly is a German paleo-entomologist who specializes in the fossil history and systematics of insects (esp. dragonflies), the most diverse group of animals. He served as curator for amber and fossil insects in the department of paleontology at the State Museum of Natural History (SMNS) in Stuttgart, Germany. He is also a Senior Fellow with Discovery Institute's Center for Science and Culture. Dr. Bechly earned his Ph.D. in geosciences from Eberhard-Karls-University in Tübingen, Germany. HELP ACU SPREAD THE WORD! Ways to subscribe to the American Conservative University Podcast Click here to subscribe via iTunes Click here to subscribe via RSS You can also subscribe via Stitcher If you like this episode head on over to iTunes and kindly leave us a rating, a review and subscribe! People find us through our good reviews. FEEDBACK + PROMOTION You can ask your questions, make comments, submit ideas for shows and lots more. Let your voice be heard. Email us at americanconservativeuniversity@americanconservativeuniversity.com Note- ACU Students and Alumni are asked to commit to donating Platelets and Plasma. Make an Appointment Today! Call Your local Hospital or The Red Cross at 1-800-733-2767
In this episode of podcast I have talked about Antarctica. I have talked about its physical geography and its history and at last little bit about its facts.Additional Info: Modern plate boundaries may be far different from ancient ones presumably marked by old fold belts. Ancient Antarctic mobile belts, such as are followed by today's Transantarctic Mountains, terminate at continental margins abruptly, as if sliced off, and seemingly reappear in other lands across young ocean basins. Much research has been concentrated on attempting to match intercontinentally the detailed structure of opposed coasts, such as between Antarctica and Australia, in an effort to learn whether they had been actually connected before the latest cycle of crustal spreading from intervening mid-oceanic ridges. Similarities between ancient mobile belts now suggest to some geologists that Antarctica may even have been connected to southwestern North America more than 600 million years ago, in late Precambrian time. Surface temperature trends show significant warming across the Antarctic Peninsula and to a lesser extent West Antarctica since the early 1950s, with little change across the rest of the continent. The largest warming trends occur on the western and northern parts of the Antarctic Peninsula. There the Faraday/Vernadsky Station has experienced the largest statistically significant (
On this week's fukkin sikk episode of Terminus, we've got a whole lot of stern heathen black metal, and... some punked out brutal death from the Maggot Stomp scene. The Black Metal Guy leads off with the reincarnation of one of his all-time favorite bands as a rabid, ripping power-trio called Precambrian. We contextualize it alongside Roman Saenko's other projects, and link it back to forgotten influences on the margins of the Nordic Second Wave. Then, The Death Metal Guy comes in caveman arms a-swinging with Encoffinized (not Encoffination!), whose promising debut channels the most ignorant strains of primordial NYDM through shamelessly grooving mosh breaks. In the second part of the show, each of us contributes a raw, stomping USBM record. First, we take the measure of Borda's Rope, weighing BR's considerable strengths -- stunning Big Riffs and ambitious long-form songwriting -- against the self-imposed limitations of this rapidly developing project. Then, we check out Oldowan Gash, and Hubris Unchained unchains our brains, bringing us back to the idea of American BM we explored in our Mortum review (Ep. 13). It's worth sticking around for this one, dudes. 00:00 - Introductory bullshitting / plug for Patreon and Subscribestar / rundown of bands and labels 17:58 - Precambrian - Tectonics (Primitive Reaction) 01:03:50 - Encoffinized - Chambers of Deprivation (Maggot Stomp / Sevared Records) 01:33:42 - Borda's Rope - Nearer the Shores of Kothal (Black Gangrene Productions) 02:24:12 - Oldowan Gash - Hubris Unchained (Drakkar Productions) 03:10:22 - Outro - Hate Forest - "Cenotaph" (live Bolt Thrower cover!), fr. Dead But Dreaming, also on Primitive Reaction. Terminus on Youtube Terminus on Patreon Terminus on Subscribestar
All this will be best viewed through a true biblical cosmology: If you are a rock nerd who loves the Lord... for $5 You can get this, and 72 other videos, and a bunch of PDF's @ https://isgenesishistory.com/conference/ Dr. Kurt Wise provides an explanation for the worldwide distribution of Pre-Cambrian and Cambrian fossils, including Ediacaran, Dickinsonia, and the Cambrian explosion. Dr. Kurt Wise earned his BA in geology from the University of Chicago, and his MA and PhD degrees in paleontology from Harvard University. He founded and directed the Center for Origins Research at Bryan College and taught biology there for 17 years. He then led the Center for Theology and Science at the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary for 3 years, before founding and directing the Center for Creation Research and teaching biology at Truett McConnell University for the last 7 years. His fieldwork has included research in early Flood rocks in the Death Valley region, late Flood rocks in Wyoming, and post-Flood caves in Tennessee. ~~~~~~~ Contact or follow me @ BeGoodBroadcast@gmail.com Twitter @WinInHim --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/begoodbroadcast/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/begoodbroadcast/support
All this will be best viewed through a true biblical cosmology: If you are a rock nerd who loves the Lord... for $5 You can get this, and 72 other videos, and a bunch of PDF's @ https://isgenesishistory.com/conference/ Dr. Kurt Wise provides an explanation for the worldwide distribution of Pre-Cambrian and Cambrian fossils, including Ediacaran, Dickinsonia, and the Cambrian explosion. If you like this lecture from the 2017 IGH Conference, you can get it and over 70 more at: https://isgenesishistory.com/conference/. Learn more about the film "Is Genesis History?" and get more resources at http://www.isgenesishistory.com/ The question of how a global Flood could happen is an important area of research for modern creation scientists. One of the theories used to explain this process was developed by a number of scientists featured in the film.* It is known as “Catastrophic Plate Tectonics” and has a great deal of explanatory power concerning the geophysical processes behind the global catastrophe. During the 2017 IGH Conference, Dr. Kurt Wise explored the impact of the global flood on the earth in a series of three in-depth lectures. This lecture on the “geophysics of the flood,” the third in the series, provides a fascinating look at the processes behind the global flood. (Here is a technical paper on the same topic by the six scientists.) If you've not seen the documentary yet, here are ways to watch Is Genesis History featuring Kurt Wise and 12 other scientists and scholars: https://isgenesishistory.com/ --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/begoodbroadcast/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/begoodbroadcast/support
Ryan takes you underneath the sea in this new short story called "The Precambrian", inspired by recent events.
In this episode, host Andrew Geary speaks with biogeophysics pioneer Estella Atekwana. Their conversation highlights Estella's upcoming virtual course called "Biogeophysics: Exploring Earth’s subsurface biosphere using geophysical approaches." Estella explains how geophysical tools helped develop biogeophysics, why microorganisms play such a key role on the Earth, how her research applies to the search for life on other planets and why flexibility is the key to a successful career. Visit https://seg.org/podcast for the complete show notes and to register for Dr. Atekwana's virtual course. BIOGRAPHY Estella A. Atekwana received her bachelor’s and master’s degrees from Howard University, Washington DC, and a Ph.D. from Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. She is currently the Dean of the College of Earth, Ocean, and Environment at the University of Delaware. Her research uses geophysical methodologies to investigate geologic processes spanning the near to deep subsurface and from the micron to the lithospheric scale. She is internationally recognized for her pioneering and interdisciplinary work on biogeophysics which has won numerous best paper awards at international conferences. Her biogeophysics research focuses on investigating the interaction between microorganisms and subsurface geologic media and the application of this knowledge to bioremediation optimization, oil exploration, and as a proxy for biogeochemical processes. Her tectonophysics studies have included integrated geophysical imaging of lithospheric and upper mantle structures to understand the geodynamic processes of continental rift initiation and how preexisting Precambrian structures modulate strain localization leading to faulting and generation of earthquakes. Atekwana has conducted international field-based research in several countries including Botswana, Cameroon, Egypt, Malawi, Tanzania, Turkey, Uganda, and Zambia with her students. Atekwana has been the lead principal investigator of many research projects funded by federal agencies and private companies. She has received several awards including the 2019 Association for Women Geoscientists Outstanding Educator and the 2016 Society of Exploration Geophysicists Outstanding Educator award. She was inducted an Honorary Member of Phi Beta Delta, the Honor Society for International Scholars, and the International Golden Key Honor Society. She has been convener of several workshops and special sessions and an invited speaker at international conferences and research institutions. Atekwana is a member of several professional organizations including the Society of Exploration Geophysicists, American Geophysical Union, Geological Society of America, Geochemical Society, European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers, and National Association of Black Geoscientists. She has held leadership positions on several of these organizations. Atekwana is passionate about her students and early-career faculty and is a mentor for women and minorities in the sciences. She has been an advisor of more than 40 graduate students and postdoctoral fellows. CREDITS Original music by Zach Bridges. This episode was hosted, edited, and produced by Andrew Geary. Thank you to the SEG podcast team: Jennifer Crockett, Ally McGinnis, and Mick Swiney.
Beneath the surface of a Precambrian world: new music from Sverre Knut Johansen, Robert Rich, Craig Padilla and Marvin Allen.
Beneath the surface of a Precambrian world: new music from Sverre Knut Johansen, Robert Rich, Craig Padilla and Marvin Allen.
The Pilgrim's perspective Many people ask me, “What are you thinking about when you walk from sunrise to sunset in remote wildernesses?”Sometimes I’m just thinking of the next step. Other times I’m thinking about Megan Fox.However, during my pilgrimage, I do go into deep-thoughts mode occasionally. That’s what this article is about. It will lead to my next article which is about what it means to be human and my debate with a T-Rex on global warming. Yeah, light topics. Can’t I just talk about the weather?One of the aspects that I love about thru-hiking is the sense of perspective it gives you. Most humans are stuck in day-to-day drudgery, incapable (or unwilling) to break the chains of their self-centered, short-term point of view. I confess I’m no better than the average Joe and that missing one synchronized light can really send me into a deep depression. However, when I travel for months in the mountains I can’t help but have a broader perspective. For example, when I am walking a ridge on the Continental Divide, its history is etched into the landscape.Although the Earth is 4.5 billion years old, the planet didn’t really start to settle down until it was a billion years old. And life didn’t really get going until the Pre-Cambrian era (over half a billion years ago). However, it is nearly impossible for my puny human brain to relate to that much time. Actually, a million years is too hard to imagine, even if I compare it with how long my bank puts me on hold.Therefore, to crunch world history into a timescale that I can fathom let’s squeeze it into one calendar year. And I’ll focus on the development of the Continental Divide Trail (CDT). Here’s what we get. Earth's history compressed into one year January and February would be good months to stay in your cabin. The Earth’s environment was chaotic. Incessant wind and rain would erode away barren mountains faster than a plastic surgeon can erode away Michael Jackson’s nose. Still, on February 25 (or is it February 30?), life would spring forth! Sure, these single-celled organisms would be stuck in the warm coastal waters and by the thermal vents, but we’ll take what we can get. March 20: Stromatolites would pop up. July 17: Multicellular life, those cells with nuclei, were strutting their stuff. Trilobites (hard-shelled creatures) would start feeding on all the multi-cellular life. By the end of the month, small vertebrates would start feeding on the Trilobites. All you can eat restaurants were invented. Most of the year would go by and still no life on the land. Where would the Continental Divide be in October? It wouldn’t be a thrusting mass of mountains that I walked. Quite the opposite! It would be a broad channel of water. You could ride your kayak down the channel! In fact, if you flew over North America in June, you’d see that 60 percent of the land is underwater. Would you see forests of trees on the land? Nope, you wouldn’t even see moss clinging to the ubiquitous rocks. Zero plant life. However, it wouldn’t be a static boring rock-filled landscape. It would be constantly eroding, pummeled by endless torrential rains that make the south-east Asian monsoons seem like a drizzle. The Continental Divide would be impossible to recognize in early November. Instead of the Rocky Mountains stretching out as far as the eye can see, you’d see a massive sea that stretched from the Arctic to the Gulf of Mexico! In early November, the first plants would gain a precarious foothold on land. For every plant that latches on the land, many will get washed away by the endless rain. The struggle of the plants to get established lasts for weeks, but they finally settle down. Vegetarians aren’t far behind. On November 18, the Cambrian Explosion - a burst of complex life - would roll out. In a couple of days, the seas are crowded with fish. A few claustrophobic ones develop crude lungs, call themselves amphibians, and get timeshares on the land. Around November 20, the Appalachian mountain range starts to rise and will be far higher than any other mountain range in the USA today. You wouldn’t find cozy shelters every 15 kilometers on the Appalachian Trail. December starts with insects. Since CDT hikers hadn’t been invented yet, the mosquito started bugging the first amphibians, which show up on December 2. Sharks and seeded plants follow. December 5: First reptiles. December 12: Doh! The Permian Extinction, the most deadly event in Earth's history, happens. Siberian traps (big volcanoes) spew up so much toxic smoke that 95% of life on Earth dies. December 13: Dinosaurs appear. December 14: Dinosaurs chase the pathetic looking mammals that just start to appear. The dinosaurs thought these mammals were snacks since few were much bigger than a rat. December 22: Plants with flowers appear. It's about time! December 26: The planet's post-Christmas presents are cats and dogs. Cute puppies and kitties. The most memorable event of this day is when an asteroid the size of Manhattan Island strikes the Yucatan with a force of 100 million megatons. The impact would release a heat pulse that would set off fires across the planet. The result: a planetary dinosaur barbecue. Their “two-month” reign comes to an abrupt end. December 27: Grasses spread like fire across the earth. Pigs and deer follow. The Rocky Mountains would finally start to rise and tower over the surrounding land. The CDT wasn’t well marked then either. The Colorado River would start its tedious process of slicing the Grand Canyon. December 28: First primates jump through the trees. The sun would rise on December 31 and still no sign of humans. Finally, at 17:18, somewhere in Africa, the first clumsy hominids would stand up. During the last hours of the year, you’d see massive sheets of ice, as tall as mountains, cover America and Euroasia. Like an accordion, you’d see the ice sheets (glaciers) come and go four times in just a few hours. It would look like a global warming yo-yo gone wild.With one hour to go before the year ends, Homo erectus shows up to the primate party. At 23:30 the French start showing off their artistic talent: Cro-Magnon man draws cool paintings in some caves. At 23:45 homo sapiens figure out how to make weapons of mass destruction: sharp knives and spears. Around 23:55 civilization begins. Prostitution shortly follows. Egyptians, Babylonians, Greeks, and Romans each spend a minute building touristy buildings. At 23:58 and 43 seconds, Jesus tells everyone to behave. We kill him a nanosecond later.With just 20 seconds to go before the year draws to a close, Columbus bumps into America. Dick Clark is born and starts making a living counting down the seconds to the New Year. “Just 7 seconds to go!” announces Dick, and rebels sign the Declaration of Independence. In the final 7 seconds, we finally arrive at the crown jewel of billion of years of evolution: Megan Fox. More info You can post comments, ask questions, and sign up for my newsletter at http://wanderlearn.com. If you like this podcast, subscribe and share! On social media, my username is always ftapon. Follow me on: http://facebook.com/ftapon http://twitter.com/ftapon http://youtube.com/user/ftapon http://pinterest.com/ftapon http://tumblr.com/ftapon Claim your monthly reward by becoming a patron at http://Patreon.com/FTapon Rewards start at just $2/month! If you prefer to do a one-time contribution, you can send it to my PayPal at FT@FrancisTapon.com If you prefer giving me Bitcoin, then please send BTC to my tip jar: 3EiSBC2bv2bYtYEXAKTkgqZohjF27DGjnV Health Access Sumbawa One of WanderLearn's top patrons, Kathy Kennedy Enger, asked me to draw attention to Health Access Sumbawa. I am happy to promote this remarkable nonprofit. In 2014, Jack Kennedy founded the organization to bring malaria control and healthcare to remote, impoverished communities. It started on the remote island of Sumbawa, Indonesia. Since then, it's expanded thanks to generous donations. Visit their website to learn more and to donate: https://healthaccesssumbawa.org
Colossians 2:8 Beware lest any man spoil you through philosophy and vain deceit, after the tradition of men, after the rudiments of the world, and not after Christ. To support this ministry financially, visit: https://www.oneplace.com/donate/1232/29
Transmitting signals across the aeons, with Carbon Entity and The Amnis Initiative... and also showcasing the new album "Precambrian" by Sverre Knut Johansen and Robert Rich.
Transmitting signals across the aeons, with Carbon Entity and The Amnis Initiative... and also showcasing the new album "Precambrian" by Sverre Knut Johansen and Robert Rich.
Returning to the god-mill we explore the machinations of elementals, their Precambrian-esque nature, and the bizarre complexities of... ab-life? Come get confused with us!Talking points: Carter’s Cheers spirit animal and Zeus-Frasier, Ringo’s big branding mistake, whether ants are a city, alien ancient earth, genasi meditation, Carter: fish judge, heroic eels, and #AlitaBattleAngelReferenced episodesPrimordium, the crucible of form: ep. 19Age spells, the magic of generations: ep. 39———Want to learn more about Halûme? Explore the world here, or by visiting our homepage at thelorekeepers.com and clicking on "Visit World"! Note that it may not render properly on your browser. If so, try using Chrome.Questions or ideas? Email us at lorekeeperspodcast@gmail.comWebsite: thelorekeepers.comTwitter: @thelorekeepers
Welcome to Sequences, hope you all enjoyed our special podcast on the music of John Dyson & Wavestar, more to come this year, with musicians who have had long careers in the scene. This edition features as usual, looks at many of the new album releases from well known names who have graced our airways over the years. The conceptual ambient musical project by Sveere Knut Johansen with soundscape pioneer Robert Rich, analog structures of live sequential sounds from Spyra, joined by the voice of soul mate Roksana Vikaluk. Neo-Classical synthesised uplifting compositions of Gunnar Spardel, the beating heart that brings David Gerard intrinsic sound structures, that are hypnotic, using strings piano and choirs in a dramatic complex setting. Ann Grace capturing mother earth in her subtle melodies, calm and emotional, second collaboration from Romerium & Martin Neuhold, reflecting on the season of winter. The chill-out beautiful & Intense album ‘Meerblick” by Thomas Lemmer & Christoph Sebastian Pabst. Kamarius mystical meditative “Wheels Of Truth”, evoking an eastern culture, especially Tibetan. Naturalistic drone scapes of deep ambient textures of pure organic sound from Alio Die and Lorenzo Montana. Robert Otto’s atmospheric experiences & Robert Fox’s 18th solo album ”Phoenix Rising”, emotive, melodic, with dream like quality. Opening for this edition is Spyra, live at the Solingen, “Sequenzen" festival, Germany. Playlist No 152 02.35 Spyra: feat Roksana ‘Zeitstaub’ (album inSPYRAtion) *** www.groove.nl 16.06 elAstrum ‘Whole Hole Explorer’ (album Freqmod) www.kahvicollective.bandcamnp.com 19.23 elAstrum ‘Moondo’ 22.34 Confluent Phase ’Solitude’ (album Ad Astra) www.txtrecordings.co.uk 32.29 Sverre Knut Johansen with Robert Rich ‘Archean Eon’ (album Precambrian) www.spottedpeccary.com 38.42 Sverre Knut Johansen with Robert Rich ‘Hadean Eon’ 43.30 Thomas Lemmer & Christoph Sebastian Pabst ‘Gezeitenkraefte’(album Meerblick) www.sine-music.com 48.24 Thomas Lemmer & Christoph Sebastian Pabst ‘Lapislazulikueste’ 53.07 Thomas Lemmer & Christoph Sebastian Pabst ‘Meeresleuchten’ 54.34 Thomas Lemmer & Christoph Sebastian Pabst ‘Plastikfluten’ 59.24 Liam Thomas ‘Go Above’ http://www.sine-music.com 01.02.43 Ann Grace ‘Outside: ambient mix’ (EP Outside) https://orcd.co/ann_grace-outside 01.07.54 Curious Inversions ‘Aspirations Of Man’ (album Spire) www.kahvicollective.bandcamnp.com 01.14.55 Curious Inversions ‘Rumours’ 01.21.21 Alio Die & Lorenza Montana ‘On The Waves Of Fate Pt 1’ (album The Threshold Of Beauty) www.projekt.com 01.28.29 David Gerard ‘MountainTops’ ***(album The Anxious Beating Of My Tensile Heart) *** https://ambientism.bandcamp.com 01.43.36 David Gerard ‘Resonating From Higher Consciousness’ 01.45.36 David Gerard ;Nightscape For Bordy’ 01.53.18 Odeko ‘The Dove From Above’ www.theambientzone.co.uk 01.57.03 Gunnar Spardel ‘Eternal Memory’ (album Simplicity In A Complex World) www.gunnarspardel.bandcamp.com 02.01.50 Gunnar Spardel ‘In Between’ 02.07.51 Robert Fox ‘Waiting for the Horizon’ (album Phoenix Rising) www.admusiconline.com 02.16.00 Nick Owen ‘Rejuvenation’ (E-Scape 2019, Various Artists) www.admusiconline.com 02.24.59 Kamarius ‘Eastern Summers - Wheel Of Truth’ (album Wheel Of Truth) https://kamarius.bandcamp.com 02.29.24 Bu Re ‘Ache Mend’ www.theambientzone.co.uk 02.34.03 Romerium ‘Dark & Cold’ (album When Winter Was Here) www.romerium.bandcamp.com 02.42.07 Steve Brand ‘Off Worlder’ (album Graduated) https://databloem.com 02.48.28 Robert Otto ‘Deep Sleep’ (album Dreams) www.robertotto.bandcamp.com 02.54.14 Vince Tampio ‘Tides Part 1 & 2 ‘ (album Tides) *** www.vincetampio.com Edit ***
Life on Earth is billions of years old. This ancient natural history comes to us in the form of fossils and genetic relationships, revealing the incredible story of the evolution of life.
Este episódio foi gravado dia 22/02/2019 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2... ufa, deixa eu recuperar o fôlego. Opa, hm... Olá! Recuperados do carnaval. Esperamos que sim, afinal, ele só acaba quando termina. Sofremos com este tempo descompensado, onde a chuva se juntou com a folia, mas mesmo assim não apagou nosso fogo no r... cérebro. A problemática ambiental é real e não nos prejudica no futuro, porque nós já sentimos seus efeitos. Mas, para além desse problema, como surgiram as primeiras árvores? Como esta terra se cobriu de verde? E o clima? Quais os grandes problemas enfrentados pelas primeiras plantas? Sabemos que todos nós estávamos perdendo a sanidade pensando nisso este Carnaval. Então não fiquem aflitos, meus amigos, pois viemos lhe ajudar. Ficamos este episódio inteiro só com planta na mente para debater a colonização da terra firme pelas plantas e como isso mudou a história da nossa gude azul, o planeta Terra! Sejam bem vindos e, hehe, fiquem a v o n t a d e ! ! ! Sigam a gente nas nossas redes sociais! Twitter: www.twitter.com/podscience Facebook: www.facebook.com/podscience Instagram: www.instagram.com/podscience Referências Knauth, L. Paul; Kennedy, Martin J. The late Precambrian greening of the Earth, Nature 460, 728–732 Del-Bem, L. E. Xyloglucan evolution and teterrestrialization of green plants. New Phytologist, 2018 REECE, Jane B. et al. Biologia de Campbell. Artmed Editora, 2015. RAVEN, Peter H. et al. Biologia vegetal. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Dois, 2014. Recomendações Plant Evolution A vida secreta das Árvores
This episode is dedicated to one of the biggest scientific mysteries of the modern world: how living things came to be. The chemistry of life is examined and various hypotheses are discussed. Evolution by natural selection is explained, and the history of the world - from 4.03 billion to 541 million years ago - continues, covering the rise of multicellular life, Snowball Earth, and the first animals.Transcript: https://riverofhistory.tumblr.com/post/182173306141/episode-3-the-origin-of-lifeLinks and Referenced Mentioned:Geologic Time Scale: http://www.stratigraphy.org/ICSchart/ChronostratChart2018-08.jpg Richard Fortey quote: Life: A Natural History of the First Four Billion Years of Life on Earth. Richard Fortey, Vintage Books (1997)RNA experiment: https://www.pnas.org/content/early/2016/08/10/1610103113 Quebec Putative Micro-Fossils: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/112179/ August 2018 Genetic Study: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-018-0644-x
This episode is dedicated to one of the biggest scientific mysteries of the modern world: how living things came to be. The chemistry of life is examined and various hypotheses are discussed. Evolution by natural selection is explained, and the history of the world - from 4.03 billion to 541 million years ago - continues, covering the rise of multicellular life, Snowball Earth, and the first animals.Transcript: https://riverofhistory.tumblr.com/post/182173306141/episode-3-the-origin-of-lifeLinks and Referenced Mentioned:Geologic Time Scale: http://www.stratigraphy.org/ICSchart/ChronostratChart2018-08.jpg Richard Fortey quote: Life: A Natural History of the First Four Billion Years of Life on Earth. Richard Fortey, Vintage Books (1997)RNA experiment: https://www.pnas.org/content/early/2016/08/10/1610103113 Quebec Putative Micro-Fossils: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/112179/ August 2018 Genetic Study: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-018-0644-x
This episode is dedicated to one of the biggest scientific mysteries of the modern world: how living things came to be. The chemistry of life is examined and various hypotheses are discussed. Evolution by natural selection is explained, and the history of the world - from 4.03 billion to 541 million years ago - continues, covering the rise of multicellular life, Snowball Earth, and the first animals.Transcript: https://riverofhistory.tumblr.com/post/182173306141/episode-3-the-origin-of-lifeLinks and Referenced Mentioned:Geologic Time Scale: http://www.stratigraphy.org/ICSchart/ChronostratChart2018-08.jpg Richard Fortey quote: Life: A Natural History of the First Four Billion Years of Life on Earth. Richard Fortey, Vintage Books (1997)RNA experiment: https://www.pnas.org/content/early/2016/08/10/1610103113 Quebec Putative Micro-Fossils: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/112179/ August 2018 Genetic Study: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-018-0644-x
This episode is dedicated to one of the biggest scientific mysteries of the modern world: how living things came to be. The chemistry of life is examined and various hypotheses are discussed. Evolution by natural selection is explained, and the history of the world - from 4.03 billion to 541 million years ago - continues, covering the rise of multicellular life, Snowball Earth, and the first animals.Transcript: https://riverofhistory.tumblr.com/post/182173306141/episode-3-the-origin-of-lifeLinks and Referenced Mentioned:Geologic Time Scale: http://www.stratigraphy.org/ICSchart/ChronostratChart2018-08.jpg Richard Fortey quote: Life: A Natural History of the First Four Billion Years of Life on Earth. Richard Fortey, Vintage Books (1997)RNA experiment: https://www.pnas.org/content/early/2016/08/10/1610103113 Quebec Putative Micro-Fossils: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/112179/ August 2018 Genetic Study: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-018-0644-x
What did the landscape of Ontario look like over two billion years ago? The answer is hidden in the rocks. On this episode, geologist Carolyn Hill (PhD Candidate in the Department of Earth Sciences) tells hosts Yimin and Greg why the Pre-Cambrian may not be the nicest place for time travellers to visit. Plus, we learn about how oxygen once almost killed off life on Earth! Hosts: Yimin Chen & Gregory Robinson Produced by Chantal Lemire
Carbonatites are strange igneous rocks made up mostly of carbonates – common minerals like calcite, calcium carbonate. Igneous rocks that solidify from molten magma usually are high-temperature rocks containing lots of silicon which results in lots of quartz, feldspars, micas, and ferro-magnesian minerals in rocks like granite and basalt. Carbonatites crystallize from essentially molten calcite, and that’s really unusual. Most carbonatites are intrusive, meaning they solidified within the earth, and it wasn’t until 1960 that the first carbonatite volcano erupted in historic times, proving that they form from cooling magma. The eruption at Ol Doinyo Lengai in Tanzania occurred on a branch of the East African Rift System, and most carbonatites are associated with these breaks in continental crust where eventually a new ocean may form. Mt Lengai, Tanzania, photo by Clem23 (Creative Commons License - source)Eruptions at Lengai, whose name means “mountain of god” in the Maasai language, are the lowest-temperature magmas known because calcite melts at a much lower temperature than silica-rich compounds, around 510 degrees C versus 1000 degrees or more for most magmas. It isn’t even red-hot like most lava flows. A simple and early interpretation of carbonatites was that they represented melting of limestone, but geochemical data indicate that they really do come from primary igneous material that probably originated in the mantle. Exactly how they form is debated, in part because they are so rare, but one idea is that they result from special cases of differentiation within more common magmas, or maybe an example of certain chemicals – the carbonates – separating out in an unusual way. Another unusual aspect of carbonatites is the minerals associated with the dominant calcite. It’s common to get rare-earth compounds, tantalum, thorium, titanium, and many other minerals that are unusual in high concentrations in other settings. The Mountain Pass rare-earth deposit in California, once the largest producer of rare earths in the world, is in a Precambrian carbonatite. Rare earths are used in lots of modern technologies, including turbines for wind energy, batteries in electric car motors, cell phones, solar cells, and eyeglasses. Rare earths are also produced from the Mt. Weld carbonatite in Western Australia, but it’s more famous for its tantalum, an element that’s vital in capacitors for cell phones, video games, and computers. Australia has by far the greatest reserves of tantalum, but mining didn’t begin until 2011 and production is just now ramping up. The United States, which is 100% dependent on imports for tantalum, imports most of it from Brazil, Rwanda, China, and Kazakhstan. Magnetite is a common associated mineral in carbonatites, and at Magnet Cove, Arkansas, there’s enough to give the name to the place. It’s also rich in titanium, often in the form of the mineral rutile, titanium dioxide. When I was there on a geology field trip in 1969, I remember walking into the Kimzey Calcite Quarry. It was like walking into a giant calcite crystal, with gigantic cleavage faces the size of a person or bigger. We collected lots of cool rutile and pyrite crystals. More common economic minerals can be associated with carbonatites as well. At one in South Africa the main products are copper and vermiculite. While I said earlier that carbonatites are really rare, there are still a few dozen known. It’s possible that their rarity is a reflection of the fact that calcite is much more easily eroded and dissolved than the typical basaltic rocks that derive from most volcanoes, so they may simply be poorly preserved. —Richard I. Gibson
Justin and Alex discuss The Ocean's monumental "Precambrian" album and the thunderous "Sinister Ceremonies" by Domains before embarking on the all-too-common quirk of bands that appear out of nowhere, release an incredible album or 2, and then disappear for years before attempting a renaissance to...varied degrees of success.
You may have seen some of the spectacular images of the earth in southern Algeria, curves and colors like some Picasso in the opposite of his cubist period. If you haven’t, check out the one from NASA, below. The ovals and swirls, with their concentric bands, are immediately obvious to a geologist as patterns of folds, but not just linear folds like many anticlines and synclines form. These closed ovals represent domes and basins – imagine a large scale warping, both up and down, in a thick succession of diverse sedimentary rocks, like sets of nested bowls, some of them right-side up and some inverted, then all sliced off halfway through. But “obvious to a geologist” has plenty of limitations in a space image. Without knowing more information, it’s difficult to be sure if an oval is a basin or a dome. And you can speculate, but without some ground truth, it’s challenging to be sure what the rock types are. Ahnet-Mouydir, Hoggar Mountains, Algeria. NASA image - sourceThis area, called the Ahnet-Mouydir, on the flank of the Hoggar Mountains close to the middle of the Sahara Desert, is remote, inhospitable, and arid, and called the “land of terror” for a reason. The rocks represent a thick sequence of marine sandstones, shales, and limestones, spanning a huge range of ages, from at least the Ordovician to the early Carboniferous – 150 million years or more, a great chunk of the Paleozoic era.The core of the Hoggar Mountains is an old Precambrian block, not as big as the cratons and shields that form the hearts of most of the continents, but otherwise similar. It might have been something like a microcontinent that became amalgamated into the growing supercontinent of Gondwana about 600 million years ago. After that amalgamation, seas came and went much like they did in western North America throughout much of the Paleozoic era, laying down the sediments that became the rocks we see today in the northern Hoggar Mountains. That’s all well and good – but here’s the next question, how did the rocks get deformed into these oval domes and basins? If you imagine the kinds of collisions that are typical on earth, you think of linear or curvilinear things – island arcs, edges of continents and such – that when they collide, are likely to make linear belts of deformation. This is why so many mountain ranges are long, linear features, and the folds and faults that make them up also tend to be linear. Domes and basins happen, but that seems to be almost all we have here in these mountains. We have to look for a deformational event that is later than the youngest rocks deformed. So if some of these rocks are as young as early Carboniferous, about 340 million years old, the mountain-building event that fills the bill is the Hercynian Orogeny, where ‘orogeny’ just means mountain-building. The Hercynian, at about 350 to 280 million years ago, represents the complex collision between Gondwana and the combined North America and Europe, which were already more or less attached to each other. The leading edge of Gondwana that collided was in what is now North and West Africa, and the collision produced mountain ranges all over – the Alleghenies in the central Appalachians in North America, and a complex swath of mountains across central Europe, from Spain, across France to northern Germany and into Poland, as well as elsewhere. In Africa, the most intense squeezing was at the leading edge, in what is now Morocco and Mauritania, colliding with North America, and northern Algeria, impacting Iberia. The basins and domes of southern Algeria that we’re trying to understand are 1500 kilometers or more from that leading edge of continental collision. So I think – and full disclosure, I’ve never really researched this area in detail – that what must have happened is that that distant hinterland wasn’t pushed into tight, linear belts like those we find along the lines of collision, but the force was enough to warp the sediments into these relatively small domes and basins. Alternatively, it might be possible that the brittle Precambrian rocks beneath the sedimentary layers broke from the force of the collision, so that the sedimentary layers draped over the deeper brittle surface like a carpet lying over a jumble of toy building blocks – some high, some low. The latter idea, that the brittle basement rocks were broken and pushed upward with the sedimentary layers draped over them is supported by research published in the journal Terra Nova in 2001. Hamid Haddoum and colleagues studied the orientations of folds and faults in this area, trying to figure out the orientations of the stresses that caused them. Their data show a shortening direction – which means compression, or squeezing – during early Permian time oriented about northeast-southwest. That is consistent with the collision that was happening at that same time between what is now Senegal and Mauritania, in westernmost Africa, and the Virginia-Carolinas region of what is now the United States. Haddoum and his colleagues show cross-sections with basement upthrusts, basically high-angle reverse faults where older rocks are squeezed so much that they are pushed up and over younger rocks. This is quite similar to the Laramide Orogeny in the western United States about 80 to 50 million years ago, but this compression was happening about 280 million years ago as the supercontinent of Pangaea was assembled during the early Permian Period. Both represent deformation at relatively great distances from the lines of continental collision. In the case of the Laramide in western United States, one idea for transmitting the stress so far from the collision is that the subducting slab of oceanic crust began to go down at a relatively gentle angle, even close to horizontal, creating friction and stress further away from the subduction zone than normal. Whether that’s the case here in southern Algeria isn’t clear for this Hercynian collision. I wouldn’t think of this area as high mountains, such as those that must have formed along the lines of Hercynian collision. Maybe more like warped, uplifted plateaus – but whatever they were, they were certainly subject to erosion. Erosion probably wore the domes and basins down to a common level, so that the nested bowls were exposed in horizontal cross-section – which for geologists is the equivalent of a geologic map. And that’s what the beautiful photos reveal. The area might have been planed off even more by Permian glaciers during and after the Hercynian mountain-building events. But then, during the Mesozoic era, seas returned to the region and all this mess of eroded domes and basins was buried beneath even more sediments. Sometime relatively recently, during the Cenozoic era, the past 65 million years, everything was uplifted at least gently, so that the highest parts – including today’s Hoggar Mountains, were stripped of the younger Mesozoic sedimentary rocks, revealing the much older Paleozoic rocks in the domes and basins. Thanks to Petr Yakovlev for pointing me to the 2001 paper by Haddoum and others.—Richard I. GibsonLink: Haddoum, H., Guiraud, R. and Moussine-Pouchkine, A. (2001),Hercynian compressional deformations of the Ahnet–Mouydir Basin, AlgerianSaharan Platform: far-field stress effects of the Late Palaeozoic orogeny.Terra Nova, 13: 220–226. doi:10.1046/j.1365-3121.2001.00344.x
In this episode, we interview Dr Leigh Anne Riedman, University of California, about life during the Neoproterozoic Era, the most recent of the Precambrian Eon. This time interval is far from straight forward; not only were there changes in oceanic and atmospheric chemistry, but also dramatic shifts in climate and the formation and subsequent rifting of the supercontinent Rodinia. The Neoproterozoic also saw major biological innovations and ended with the appearance of the enigmatic Ediacaran Fauna. Leigh Anne studies acritarchs, relatively simple, single-celled walled microorganisms and by examining their diversity and abundance, she is able to comment on how life fared during this turbulent time.
The TWiMbionts explore the role of bacteria in the genesis of moonmilk, and how ancient host proteins can be used to engineer resistance to virus infection. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Michele Swanson and Elio Schaechter. Subscribe to TWiM (free) on iPhone, Android, RSS, or by email. You can also listen on your mobile device with the Microbeworld app. Become a patron of TWiM. Links for this episode Role of Streptomyces in moonmilk (bioRxiv) TWiM 51: Cave science with Hazel Barton Moonmilk (Wikipedia) Ancient proteins for virus resistance (Cell Rep) Image credit Letters read on TWiM 157 Send your microbiology questions and comments (email or recorded audio) to twim@microbe.tv
Presented by Prof. Patricia Vickers-Rich on Friday 7 July 2017.We have been plotting the history of life around the world and climate over more than 1 billion years. Tonight we will zero in on a time when the Earth's first animals came into the picture - at a time when the planet was in the grips of a massive glaciation, Snowball Earth - which is likely better named Slushball Earth.
Presented by Prof. Patricia Vickers-Rich on Friday 7 July 2017.We have been plotting the history of life around the world and climate over more than 1 billion years. Tonight we will zero in on a time when the Earth's first animals came into the picture - at a time when the planet was in the grips of a massive glaciation, Snowball Earth - which is likely better named Slushball Earth.
The gang steps out of their comfort zone to discuss the changes in the ancient atmosphere that resulted in the Great Oxidation Event. Meanwhile, Amanda demonstrates a careless disregard for hands, James gets creative with spelling, and Curt aims for comedic mediocrity. Up-Goer 5 Summary (Amanda Edition): Today the group talks about tiny things that make air that we can breathe. Long, long ago there were many tiny things that made air that we could not breathe. Less long ago there came along some little tiny things that made air that we can breathe. This air that we can breathe made almost all of the other little tiny things die because they could not breathe it. The group talks about these little tiny things that made both good air and bad air and how they made different kinds of rocks and used different kinds of rocks and air to live. References: Lyons, Timothy W., Christopher T. Reinhard, and Noah J. Planavsky. "The rise of oxygen in Earth/'s early ocean and atmosphere." Nature 506.7488 (2014): 307-315. Lalonde, Stefan V., and Kurt O. Konhauser. "Benthic perspective on Earth’s oldest evidence for oxygenic photosynthesis." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112.4 (2015): 995-1000. Konhauser, Kurt O., et al. "Could bacteria have formed the Precambrian banded iron formations?." Geology 30.12 (2002): 1079-1082. Johnson, Jena E., et al. "Manganese-oxidizing photosynthesis before the rise of cyanobacteria." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110.28 (2013): 11238-11243. Czaja, Andrew D., Nicolas J. Beukes, and Jeffrey T. Osterhout. "Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria prior to the Great Oxidation Event from the 2.52 Ga Gamohaan Formation of South Africa." Geology 44.12 (2016): 983-986.
An excerpt from Ron’s blog on Mother Earth News: Imagine, if you can, living 100 miles deep in the wilderness and not seeing another human being for 6 months at a time. No mail, no toddling off to a 9-to-5 job, no supermarkets or shopping centers, and none of civilization's noise. Nothing but the silence of the forest surrounds you. My wife, Johanna, and I have lived on a remote northern Saskatchewan lake for the last 16 years. We are alone here. Access to us is only by float plane. Prior to this, we homesteaded in northern Maine for 20 years — a total of 36 wonderful years living an off-grid self-sufficient lifestyle. I've written a book titled Off Grid and Free: My Path to the Wilderness. Visit Ron’s blog at: http://j.mp/2aZwZQ2 An excerpt from Off Grid and Free: My Path to the Wilderness: “As far as your eye can see, from the vantage point of a float plane high above the ground, you can gaze upon an aerial tapestry of multi-hued green forest intermingled with jutting rock formations, lowland bogs, and glistening lakes. Exposed rocky hill tops, sparsely vegetated with stunted trees that have managed to gain a tenuous foothold, along with low shrubbery and lichen, are sure signs you are flying over Precambrian shield, a dominant surface feature in the north. Serpentine rivers and streams cut through the landscape, the rivers occasionally flashing a churning white, where rapids lie in wait for the unwary canoeist. All of this is the perfect habitat for wildlife and outdoor adventurer alike." Pick up a copy of Ron’s book on Amazon.com or BarnesandNoble.com.
Apparently, Bigfoots have individuating characteristics and long lifespans. “Bigfoot” does start to sound less like a mythical creature, more like a species of large primate. ⁓The Voice before the Void “Pre Cambrian Shield Man Seen by Two Prospectors” North Bay … Continue reading →
Ravishing Rick Ruin RETURNS! along with Seth Norton and they are live and in effect in a different studio for episode 86 of the Main Show Podcast. Sean, Paul and Bob sit with the former members of Bleed to Sleep to talk about their new band The Precambrian Era and debut one of their new songs. Plus! Geography with Sean Ast. This weeks topics include: BB King, Systematic killing of rabbits, Power outages This weeks episode is sponsor [...]
Fakultät für Geowissenschaften - Digitale Hochschulschriften der LMU
The Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) is one of the world's largest accretionary orogens, which was active during most of the Paleozoic. In recent years it has again moved into focus of the geological community debating how the acrreted lithospheric elements were geographical arranged and interacting prior and/or during the final amalgamation of Kazakhstania. In principal two families of competing models exist. One possible geodynmaic setting is based on geological evidence that a more or less continuous giant arc connecting Baltica and Siberia in the early Paleozoic was subsequently dissected and buckled. Alternatively an archipelago setting, similar to the present day south west Pacific was proposed. This thesis collates three studies on the paleogeography of the south western part of the CAOB from the early Paleozoic until the latest Paleozoic to earliest Mesozoic. It is shown how fragments of Precambrian to early Paleozoic age are likely to have originated from Gondwana at high southerly paleolatitudes (~500 Ma), which got then accreted during the Ordovician (~460 Ma), before this newly created terrane agglomerate (Kazakhstania) migrated northwards crossing the paleo-equator. During the Devonian and the latest Early Carboniferous (~330 Ma) Kazakhstania occupied a stable position at about ~30°N. At least since this time the area underwent several stages of counterclockwise rotational movements accompanying the final amalgamation of Eurasia (~320 - ~270 Myr). This overall pattern of roughly up to 90° counterclockwise bending was replaced by internal relative rotational movements in the latest Paleozoic, which continued probably until the early Mesozoic or even the Cenozoic. In Chapter 2 a comparison of declination data acquired by a remagnetization process during folding in the Carboniferous and coeval data from Baltica and Siberia lead to a documentation and quantification of rotational movements within the Karatau Mountain Range. Based on this results it is very likely that the rotational reorganization started in the Carboniferous and was active until at least the early Mesozoic. Additionally, the data shows that maximal declination deviation increases going from the Karatau towards the Tianshan Mountains (i.e. from North to South). This observation supports models claiming that Ural mountains, Karatau and Tianshan once formed a straight orogen subsequently bent into a orocline. The hinge of this orocline is probably hidden under the sediments of the Caspian basin. In chapter 3 we show that inclination shallowing has affected the red terrigenous sediments of Carboniferous age from the North Tianshan. The corrected inclination values put this part of the Tianshan in a paleolatitude of around 30°N during Carboniferous times. These results contradict previously published paleopositions of the area and suggest a stable latitudinal position between the Devonian and the Carboniferous. Chapter 4 presents paleomagnetic data from early Paleozoic rocks from within the North Tianshan. They imply a second collisional accretion event of individual terranes in the Ordovician. To further constrain the dimensions of these early Paleozoic terranes, chapter 5 presents a compilation of all available paleomagnetic data from the extended study region of southern Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. Apart from a broad coherence of paleolatitudes of all studies at least since the Ordovician and the exclusive occurrence of counterclockwise declination deviations, no areas with the same rotational history can be detected. Also a clear trend caused by oroclinal bending can not be observed. We conclude that first order counterclockwise oroclinal bending, shown in chapter 2, resulted in brittle deformation within the mountain belt and local block rotations. In order to improve our understanding of intra-continental deformation a study combining the monitoring of recent deformation (Global Positioning System, GPS) with a paleomagnetic study of Cenozoic age in the greater vicinity of the Talas-Ferghana fault has been undertaken in chapter 6. The major task was to distinguish between continuous versus brittle deformation. As it turned out the GPS signal indicates rather continuous and consistent counterclockwise rotational movements of the order of ~2° per Myr. This is in contrast to our paleomagnetic results, where even within fault bounded areas the error intervals of the rotations do always overlap. This indicates that a pure block model seems not appropriate even to explain Cenozoic paleomagnetic data. If this means that also Paleozoic rocks have been affected by complex recent deformation, and that the Paleozoic rotational pattern has been obscured by this, can not be decided based on the present data set. It means, however, that interpreting Paleozoic rotational data from this area has to be done with great caution.
Recorded March 8th,2015 In celebration of our third anniversary (has been that long!) we welcome back Dr. Future to the show. Dr. Future was our very first guest on Conspirinormal way back in our Pre- Cambrian days. We discuss with him his studies into the world of Jewish Ritual Magic. This is a field that he has studied as he has been writing his new book series. Be prepared for an informative and controversial interview as we delve into the origins, kinds and applications of Jewish Ritual Magic. We also discuss some of the politics of the modern state of Israel and how some magical workings are used as political ploys. You can contact Dr. Future at: http://futurequake.com/ and as always our contact info: Conspirinormal@gmail.com Itunes Link: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/conspirinormal-podcast/id608065959 Please like our Facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/pages/Conspirinormal/445112635502740
1234 1234 POD-CAST, POD-CAST!Our Guest:+Rafael Chandler(+Mike Evans was also supposed to be on, but he got a promotion and needed to celebrate. Congratz, Mike!)Guest NotesRafael Neoplastic PressPandemonioRoll XXOld school productsTeratic TomeSlaughtergridLamentations of the Flame PrincessNo Salvation for WitchesObscene Serpent ReligionWorld of the LostNovelistAstounding AntagonistsHexcommunicatedShow NotesDrinkDirty Bastard Scotch Ale, Founders Brewing, Grand Rapids, MIHell's Belle Belgian Ale, Big Boss Brewing Co, Raleigh, NCHell's Half Mile German Style Helles Lager, Tri-Cities Brewing Company, Bay City, MISpinThe Ocean, "Precambrian"Tom Waits, "Orphans: Brawlers, Bawlers & Bastards"Inanimate ExistenceBeyond CreationWu-Tang ClanToots motherfuckin' Hibbert & the Maytalls (know it, son!)ReadHellboy: Library EditionsPerfidia: A Novel, James Ellroy Incas And Their Ancestors, Michael MoseleyRunDonn will be running D&D 5e for his family & some friends & their family. Multi-generational play!Rafael is running LotFP & Hot WarAdam is still running ACKS & DCC, but RQ6 is about to go on hiatus for awhile (by now, it has) ViewScream!Adam's Emergent DCC Sleeping Place of the Feathered Swine by +Logan Knight Thanks for joining us for this episode of Drink Spin Run. We'd love to read your comments on the show, suggestions, where exactly we can stick what and other thinly-veiled threats. Send us your thoughts at dsr@kickassistan.net. Once again, thanks for listening, you gorgeous listeners.
In this episode we revisit the topic of taphonomy by discussing two papers that deal with actualistic taphonomy studies. Also, Amanda butchers potatoes, Curt becomes morbid, and James's humor gets progressively bluer as the night goes on to the surprise of no one. References Briggs, Derek EG. "The role of decay and mineralization in the preservation of soft-bodied fossils." Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 31.1 (2003): 275-301. Bartley, Julie K. "Actualistic taphonomy of cyanobacteria: implications for the Precambrian fossil record." Palaios (1996): 571-586.
In episode six, the series continues its exploration of the aquifers of Wisconsin. USGS scientist David Krabbenhoft returns to share his expertise, while historical color on the geological influence of Carthusian monks and Thomas Chamberlin rounds out the narrative.
In episode six, the series continues its exploration of the aquifers of Wisconsin. USGS scientist David Krabbenhoft returns to share his expertise, while historical color on the geological influence of Carthusian monks and Thomas Chamberlin rounds out the narrative.
The history of life in the oceans spans over 3.5 billion years. In this Naked Oceans we'll take a whistlestop tour of that story... For information regarding your data privacy, visit acast.com/privacy
The history of life in the oceans spans over 3.5 billion years. In this Naked Oceans we'll take a whistlestop tour of that story... See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.
The biota of the Ediacaran period (635 - 541 ma) is of critical importance to our understanding of the origin of animals because it immediately precedes the Cambrian fauna, from which all subsequent animal life evolved. Localities of this age are justly famous for the exceptional quality of preservation of soft-bodied organisms. One of the best known and most important Ediacaran localities is at Mistaken Point, Newfoundland, Canada. We got to talk to Dr. Alex Liu, a research fellow at the University of Cambridge, about Mistaken Point, and the nature of its biota.
Fakultät für Geowissenschaften - Digitale Hochschulschriften der LMU
Although remote sensing has been widely used in geological investigations, the lithological classification of the area interested, based on medium-spatial and spectral resolution satellite data, is often not successful because of the complicated geological situation and other factors like inadequate methodology applied and wrong geological models. The study area of the present thesis is located in southwest of the Prieska sub-basin, Transvaal Supergroup, South Africa. This area includes mainly Neoarchean and Proterozoic sedimentary rocks partly uncomfortably covered by uppermost Paleozoic and lower Mesozoic rocks and Tertiary to recent soils and sands. The Precambrian rocks include various formations of volcanic and intrusive rocks, quartzites, shales, platform carbonates and Banded Iron Formations (BIF). The younger rocks and soils include dikes and shales, glacial sedimentary rocks, coarser siliciclastic rocks, calcretes, aeolian and fluvial sands, etc. Prospect activity for mineral deposits necessitates the detailed geological map (1:100000) of the area. In this research, a new rule-based classification system (RBS) was put forward, integrating spectral characteristics, textural features and ancillary data, such as general geological map (1:250000) and elevation data, in order to improve the lithological classification accuracy and the subsequent mapping accuracy in the study area. The proposed technique was mainly based on Landsat TM data and ASTER data with medium resolution. As ancillary data sets, topographic maps and general geological map were also available. Software like ERDAS©, Matlab©, and ArcGIS© supported the procedures of classification and mapping. The newly developed classification technique was performed by three steps. Firstly, the geographic and atmospheric correction was performed on the original TM and ASTER data, following the principal component analysis (PCA) and band ratioing, to enhance the images and to obtain data sets like principal components (PCs) and ratio bands. Traditional maximum-likelihood supervised classification (MLC) was performed individually on enhanced multispectral image and principal components image (PCs-image). For TM data, the classification accuracy based on PCs-image was higher than that based on multispectral image. For ASTER data, the classification accuracy of PCs- image was close to but lower, than that of multispectral image. As one of the encountered Banded Iron Formations, the Griquatown Banded Iron Formation (G-BIF) was recognized well in TM-principal components image (PCs-image). In the second step, textural features of different lithological types based on TM data were analyzed. Grey level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) based textural features were computed individually from band 5 and the first principal component (PC1) of TM data. Geostatistics-based textural features were computed individually from the 6 TM multispectral bands and 3 principal components (PC1, PC2 and PC3). These two kinds of textural features were individually stacked as extra layers together with the original 6 multispectral bands and the 6 principal components to form several new data sets. Ratio bands were also individually stacked as extra layers with 6 multispectral bands and 6 principal components, to form other new data sets. In the same way new data sets were formed based on ASTER data. Then, all of the new data sets were individually classified using a maximum likelihood supervised classification (MLC), to produce several classified thematic images. The classification accuracy based on the new data sets are higher than that solely based on the spectral characteristics of original TM and ASTER data. It should be noticed that for one specific rock type, the class value in all classified images should correspond to its identified (ID) value in digital geological map. The third step was to perform the rule-based system (RBS) classification. In the first part of the RBS, two classified images were analyzed and compared. The analysis was based on the classification results in the first step, and the elevation data detracted from the topographic map. In comparison, the pixels with high possibility of being classified correctly (consistent pixels) and the pixels with high possibility of being misclassified (inconsistent pixels) were separately marked. In the second part of the RBS, the class values of consistent pixels were kept unchanged, and the class values of inconsistent pixels were replaced by their values in digital geological map (1:250000). Compared to the results solely based on spectral characteristics of TM data (54.3%) and ASTER data (66.41%), the new RBS classification improved the accuracy (83.2%) significantly. Based on the classification results, the detailed lithological map (1:100000) of the study area was edited. Photo-lineaments were interpreted from multi data source (MDS), including enhanced satellite images, slope images, shaded relief images and drainage maps. The interpreted lineaments were compared to those, digitized from general geological map and followed by a simple lineament analysis compared to published literatures. The results show the individual merits of lineament detection from MDS and general geological map. A final lineament map (1:100000) was obtained by integrating all the information. Ground check field work was carried out in 2009, to verify the classification and mapping, and the results were subsequently incorporated into the mapping and the classification procedures. Finally, a GIS-based detailed geological map (1:100000) of the study area was obtained, compiling the newly gained information from the performed classification and lineament analysis, from the field work and from published and available unpublished detailed geological maps. The here developed methods are proposed to be used for generation of new, detailed geological maps or updates of existent general geological maps by implementing the latest satellite images and all available ancillary data sets. Although final ground check field work is irreplaceable by remote sensing, the here presented research demonstrates the great potential and future prospects in lithological classification and geological mapping, for mineral exploration.
Melvyn Bragg and guests Martin Brasier, Richard Corfield and Rachel Wood discuss the Ediacara Biota, the Precambrian life forms which vanished 542 million years ago, and whose discovery proved Darwin right in a way he never imagined. Darwin was convinced that there must have been life before the Cambrian era, but he didn't think it was possible for fossils like the Ediacara to have been preserved. These sea-bed organisms were first unearthed in the 19th century, but were only recognised as Precambrian in the mid-20th century. This was an astonishing discovery. Ever since, scientists have been working to determine its significance. Were the Ediacara the earliest forms of animal life? Or were they a Darwinian dead end? Either way, it is argued, they reveal some of the secrets of the workings of evolution. Richard Corfield is Senior Lecturer in Earth Sciences at the Open University; Martin Brasier is Professor of Palaeobiology at the University of Oxford; Rachel Wood is Lecturer in Carbonate Geoscience at the University of Edinburgh.
Melvyn Bragg and guests Martin Brasier, Richard Corfield and Rachel Wood discuss the Ediacara Biota, the Precambrian life forms which vanished 542 million years ago, and whose discovery proved Darwin right in a way he never imagined. Darwin was convinced that there must have been life before the Cambrian era, but he didn't think it was possible for fossils like the Ediacara to have been preserved. These sea-bed organisms were first unearthed in the 19th century, but were only recognised as Precambrian in the mid-20th century. This was an astonishing discovery. Ever since, scientists have been working to determine its significance. Were the Ediacara the earliest forms of animal life? Or were they a Darwinian dead end? Either way, it is argued, they reveal some of the secrets of the workings of evolution. Richard Corfield is Senior Lecturer in Earth Sciences at the Open University; Martin Brasier is Professor of Palaeobiology at the University of Oxford; Rachel Wood is Lecturer in Carbonate Geoscience at the University of Edinburgh.
When I was a little boy growing up, I used to watch The Tonight Show a lot; my mom and I did. One of the frequent guests Johnny Carson had was a man by the name of Carl Sagan. Some of you might remember Carl Sagan. He had a television show, and he was kind of famous for saying, Billions and billions. I dont know if he ever actually said that, but youd see him on the Discovery Show and what have you. Were going to show a reprise, a clip, that we showed during The Truth Project, and then were going to talk about it. Lets show the clip right now of Carl Sagan, who was a naturalist. All that we see is right here. Thats what a natural is. This is a closed box, a closed system. Everything that we have is explained right here. (You can find a link here: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3lqsG9_ughU). Thats quite a statement he makes there, Cosmos are all there ever have been, all there is, all there ever will be. There is a statement that God makes of Himself in Revelations 1:8. Jesus appears to John the Apostle, and He says, I am the Alpha and the Omega, says the Lord God, who is, and who was, and who is to come, the Almighty. There are two competing world views there, arent there? One is saying that this is a closed box. Its a naturalist point of view that all the answers to the mysteries of life can be solved in whats here and whats around us, whats in the universe and whats here. There is no supernatural; there is no God; the explanation of life and how we came to be and everything is all right here. Then there is the atheist point of view. Weve talked about that now for quite a while. Its talking about cause and effect, the first cause, the design argument and all these things that weve talked about, so two competing world views. I want to begin by telling a story of a young man. Like a lot of young men, he didnt know what direction he was going to go with his life. It was a what am I going to be when I grow up kind-of-thing. He struggled with school; school was not his forte. He just never seemed to find a niche, never seemed to find a place to belong. His father was really worried about him. He was really worried about his future, his career, what he was going to do because he didnt seem to show a lot of initiative. He didnt seem to show a lot of drive or direction one way or another, so the father-afraid he was going to squander his life-was trying to steer him in the direction of the family; that was to go in the ministry and become a pastor, a minister. So he went to theological training. He didnt really like it that much. He really struggled through and barely got his degree in theological training. He studied the natural sciences and all the arguments weve talked about-natural theology rather. He studied that and all these theological concepts. When he graduated, he still was a little bit unsure of what he wanted to do with his life. Then an opportunity embarked. For a young man in his mid-20s to be able to sail on the ocean and travel to places far away was a dream come true, and this was the right time. He said, Im not married. I dont have children. I havent started my career. Im going to take advantage of this opportunity to go on this expedition, so he climbed aboard the Beagle. He set off to sea, and for over four years he was at sea, traveling from place to place writing down his observations. He finally found his niche. He finally found something that he was good at. He was good at observing. He was good at recording data and analyzing data. He came home, and after about a little over two decades later, he published his most famous work that we know as the origin of species, Charles Darwin. Its a name that 200 years after he was born is still being talked about. We talk about him in our high schools, our universities and our colleges-these theories of evolution, the origins of life, how we came to be. He came to the conclusion that everything we know comes from a process of natural selection. Natural selection is really the survival of the fittest-that if you have character traits and qualities that enable you to adapt to your environment, flourish in your environment and have off-spring, those creatures are most likely to survive and reproduce; so the fastest, the strongest, the smartest will survive, and the weakest or those who dont have traits that can adapt or arent conducive to their environment will parish. Certainly, wed all agree that theres truth in that. That natural selection does happen. Where we would differ is that he believes that natural selection is the reason for all the diversity that we find in the world and that all of life came back from a common ancestor-a single cell life form; which as Im helping my oldest daughter study for her biology exam, Im being reminded again how complex just that one single cell of life is. From non-organic matter, time and random chance, the right chemicals, the right events all coming together-nobody is quite sure how it happened. Even if youre a naturalist or someone who adheres to evolution, youre not sure how it began or how it happened, but somehow or some scientific way, lightening or whatever it was, something sparked this non-organic matter alive. It came alive, and then it began to multiply and produce. Through natural selection diversity and the tree of life began to spring out over billions of years, and thats really important because anything can happen in billions of years, right? Or so the premise goes. From the giraffe to the ape to the dog to people to things that swim in the sea to things that fly in the sky, the diversity of skin and creatures from fish to amphibians and reptiles, primates-all of us have a common ancestor; and all of life came from that single-cell organism, through this process of adaptation, mutation, random selection, survival of the fittest. Thats the theory. Now we could go off and we could talk about some of the problems with that theory, and some of you might believe that and may believe in evolution. We certainly are not trying to disrespect you in any way. There are some arguments that we have though, some problems with that. We could talk about the fact that the fossil record and Darwin felt like thered be a plethora of transitional fossils we could examine that would show those changes, those mutations coming in to place and see that species. We all believe microevolution-variations within species, variations within a genetic code exist. How many have dogs? If we brought your dog to church, no two dogs would look alike. We know there are variations and microevolution takes place. We know in culture things change and adapt. If youre a grasshopper and youre green, youre less likely to be eaten where theres vegetation than if youre a grasshopper and youre white. There are more chances youre going to be prey, so the green ones survive. We understand that, the natural selection, survival of the fittest, microevolution-there is no debating those things and that they happen in nature. What we do debate is that one species becomes another species. It hasnt happened. It hasnt happened in the fossil record. We could talk about the fact that we should see in the Precambrian period these evolving fossils, and theyre not there. Then we come into the Cambrian period, and all of the sudden, Boom! There is life! and its fully developed. Its not showing it evolving. Its just there, Boom! Here it is! Its diverse, and its developed. So really this fossil record is not supporting these conclusions as it should be, and this is empirical evidence. This is something we can observe and see. We could debate how something like an eye would show such meticulous design could evolve. What good is 5 percent of an eye or a wing? What good is 10 percent of a wing? What good does that do? Obviously the wing just didnt spread out. It had a beginning. What adaptation before a wing was a wing, how could that help the organism survive? But wings and eyes certainly show evidence of design, dont they? We could talk about that. We could talk about some of these problems, but I really want to focus in on one aspect of this issue that I really believe points to a Creator like no other-no other evidence that we have. Youre going to love this illustration because you get to go to some warm place. We are going to use our imaginations. We are going to put you on a beach by the ocean. There is a beautiful blue sea, a crystal clear sky, a warm sun, nice tropical breeze, white sand squishing through your toes as youre walking down the beach listening to the waves. Youre listening to the sea gulls, listening to the sound of the breeze in the trees. Isnt this great? This is good, right? Good stuff. You can either be by yourself or you can be with someone else. This is your fantasy, whoever you want to walk down the shore with-thats up to you. Youre walking down the shore and enjoying Gods creation and youre watching the sand and seeing the ripples in the sand and its so beautiful. Its so untouched, and all of the sudden you come across a word in the sand. In big letters, H-E-L-P! Help. You read the word help in the sand perfectly formed. Now what do you think when you see that? Immediately you go, Isnt it amazing how water and sand and wind can form these letters? Is that what you think? Not at all. You go, Whoa! That is one smart monkey or something around somewhere, a seal or a dolphin or something. It is scratching out these words, and boy, how did that monkey learn English. Thats just an amazing thing! No, you dont think any of those things. You wonder first of all who is in trouble. This is distress. This is a language. Languages can be signs; they can be words, characters, pictures, numbers, notes. It can be any number of things, but theyre designed to convey a message. There is intent; there is purpose; there is an author. The first thing you would do is look in the water. Youd look around you. Somebodys in trouble. Are they still in trouble? Do they need my help? Who needs my help? Theres an explanation point. That means distress. I need help now! Somebody is communicating clear intent. This is information, and you know information does not come from nature, so youd look to see who the author of that information was. Youd come to the conclusion that whoever it was, theyd be the guy to help; or they met their demise. Either way there is nothing I can do about it, so you continue your walk on the beach. Then you come across some musical notes in the sand. Somebody has drawn a quarter note. Thats the only one I can use because thats the only one I know. I make a circle, color it in and add a stem for a quarter note, and then Im done. I have nothing left, but I can recognize it. If I open my hymnal, I can recognize that thats music. So you see this in the sand, and what do you think? Well, somebody either wants me to know this song; or was trying to teach somebody a song; or theyve written a song and want to remember it and theyre writing in the sand; but one thing you dont question is that there is an author to that song because those notes are a language. They are communicating information to you, and you know that language does not come from natural causes. Information does not just happen. If there is information, there is a mind. I think anybody on either school of thought would agree with that. Information requires a mind, so who wrote this music to us? Or what if you turned on the TV and FOX News or CNN or whatever said, Aliens have communicated! There is life from beyond. There was a mathematical code that was sent to our planet or a binary code-ones and zeros; but somebody was trying to communicate to earth from space. The news was, This is amazing! Weve picked this up. Its coming from light years away. Its coming from outer space. Definitely were traced it. We know now that there is intelligent life besides our own on the planet because weve had this language! Somebody is trying to communicate with us. Somehow there is information here, so scientists are going to scramble to decipher what this code is; but we know for a fact that its intelligent language-like the movie Contact. Have you seen Contact with Jodie Foster years ago? Carl Sagan was the one who inspired that movie. In fact, he once said that if there could be a communication from space, we would know that there is intelligence outside of our world. He said that himself, If we could just receive information from space… Well, its a paradox for me that Mr. Sagan would take a message from space as proof for the existence of God, yet ignores the overwhelming evidence that is here already on this planet. You and I-every single person in this room-was once a goat, a special kind of a goat. You were a zygote, a fertilized egg. Your mothers and your fathers DNA in the form of chromosomes-I dont need to explain all of this to you. You understand it. It came together and formed a unique human being-that single cell had a unique DNA that was all its own. Now Charles Darwin didnt have the benefit of knowing about DNA. Charles Darwins DNA really came to be in the late 1800s. Certainly we didnt unlock it, begin to unlock it, until the 1950s with Dr. Watson and other scientists who unlocked the secrets of DNA and found out it was this double helix, that it contained information. In fact, it contained a code. We call these four letters, A-C-T-G, that really stand for chemicals. They tell the body how to arrange those amino acids, those proteins, to form you. So it is a map; it is an instruction manual; it is a code, and it is incredibly complex and incredibly dense. In fact, there is no way that man can even come close to competing with how God has made the DNA, the information that can be stored in the DNA. Were still mapping the human genome. Were discovering all kinds of things all the time, but if you take the information in one strand of DNA and you unroll it, its six feet long, and its in every cell of your body. There is enough information in that one strand of DNA to fill 500,000 sheets of paper with information about how to make you. Did you know that? That does not point just to intelligence. That points to incredible intelligence, intelligence that we dont even have on this planet in and of ourselves. We talk about intelligent design! Wow! Intelligent design vs. whats the opposite of intelligent design? Dumb accident. These are our alternatives. Either all of this happened by dumb accident, blind chance, or there is a designer behind the DNA. This is a language. This is a map. This is communicating how to make you and your DNA. You know how we talked about the chemicals, A, C, T and G? Three billion of those make up three chemicals in each DNA to make up you. There are trillions of cells in your body. I put together a little multimedia at the last second last night that I wanted to show you right now. There are some graphics, a narrator and some images. This is going to talk to us a little bit about DNA. Matter and energy-thats what they say is all there was. We dont know how that matter and energy got to be, but it was there. We do know this: that information is neither matter nor energy. Matter and energy convey information. Our Bibles, these are matter. Its ink on paper. It has information on it. This is matter. We sometimes watch the television or go to our computer for information. Thats matter and energy communicating information, but information is not neither matter nor energy. Information is communicating through code, through pictures, through words, characters and notes-intent, a message comes from a mind. DNA is a language and that language-that code-speaks loudly of a Creator. In the Book of Colossians 1:16 (page 1165 of pew Bibles), it says, For by Him all things were created: things in Heaven and on earth, visible and invisible… Things under the microscope are invisible to the naked eye. …whether thrones or powers or rulers or authorities; all things were created by Him and for Him. He is before all things, and in Him all things hold together. We see in Creation; we see in something like the DNA, the fingerprint of God. There is no way that something so intelligent that we cannot even understand can just happen by accident-it can come from non-living matter. That to me, above all the other arguments, speaks to the existence of God, the power of God and the wisdom of God. The Scripture says in Romans 1, Professing to be wise, they became fools. There are times when I will follow a story-maybe its on Dateline or something else. Well find out how there was a rush to judgment about a certain suspect. Police ignored other leads because they were so convinced that they had the guy. They pursued the guy and arrested the guy, and then they found out years later through DNA testing that they had the wrong guy. Whoever it was that was responsible-sometimes they catch them, sometimes they dont-those leads are cold now because the police ignored that evidence. Somebody will get on and theyll say, Well, I said this. I said that, but they didnt want to listen. And this is not a knock on law enforcement. Law enforcement does a great job, but law enforcement is also made up of fallible people. From time to time, youll hear a story like that. Theyre so convinced that theyre right, they try to make the evidence fit their conclusions. I believe the same thing is going on here. Were so convinced that for a naturalist there cannot be a God; there cannot be a supernatural. Its a closed system, a closed box, that they dont even entertain the idea that there could be a God. So they try to make evidence fit even if it doesnt fit. Even if the fossil record is not demonstrating my conviction, its true. Even if these others-as we are finding out so much more through science about the human body and the wonder of creation-even though thats pointing to a God, Ill choose to ignore that because Im so convinced that Im right. Becoming a Christian or being a person of faith does not mean you leave your intellect at the door. It does not mean you cannot embrace science. All truth is Gods truth. As we continue to unravel the mysteries of the world, well become all the more convinced of the reality of God. There is a nano-scientist that Id like to quote this morning by the name of James Tour from Rice University. He has written a statement here. He said, I stand in awe of God. This man tries to understand molecules for a living, so hes a little smarter than us. He says, I stand in awe of God because of what He has done through His creation. Only a rookie who knows nothing about science would say that science takes away from faith. If you really study science, it will bring you closer to God, James Tour. Weve learned a lot of things. Weve studied a lot as weve talked about reasons to believe in God, reasons in Creation point to the existence of God. Now were going to start taking things in a different direction. Now were going to start talking about matters of faith. Were going to continue in our series on apologetics, Looking Under the Hood, trying to understand not just the what but the why and the how. Were going to go from natural science in Creation and all these arguments-theodicy and things weve talked about. We are going to start talking about matters of faith. Were going to begin by talking about the New Testament next week. Is the New Testament reliable? How did this document that we call the New Testament, how did it come to be? Is it trustworthy? How do we know who wrote it? You and I have heard a lot of things that arent true. People have said, Well, you know the Bible was written by men who were not eyewitnesses or who were second and third century after Christ. Or, There were a lot of political reasons why we have the books we have and some other Gospels that were just as real and just as authentic were left out of the text. Youve heard a lot of things like that in movies like the Da Vinci Code and other places. Were going to show a couple of those clips, and Ive studied that field. I feel a whole lot more comfortable in that field than I do in biology, Ill tell you that. Ive got some things to share with you, so well be talking about that next week. Lets stand together and lets open our Bibles up to Psalm 139 (pg 618 of pew Bibles). In Psalm 139, we find the Psalmist David talking about the wonder of Creation. There is a passage that were going to read together out loud. Were going to begin reading with Verse 13, and were going to read through Verse 18. I think that even though were familiar with this Scripture, as some of you are, the things that weve talked about this morning, seen and learned, are going to make this text even more true, even more real, even more alive to us. So were going to begin reading at Verse 13, and were going to read aloud. For You created my inmost being; You knit me together in my mothers womb. I praise You because I am fearfully and wonderfully made; Your works are wonderful; I know that full well. My frame was not hidden from You when I was made in the secret place. When I was woven together in the depths of the earth, Your eyes saw my unformed body. All the days ordained for me were written in Your book before one of them came to be. How precious to me are Your thoughts, O God! How vast is the sum of them! Were I to count them, they would outnumber the grains of sand. When I awake, I am still with You. Lets pray: Father, we know so much more than David knew when he wrote that about the wonder of Creation. Were learning more things all the time. DNA speaks like an alarm. These other things that weve talked about bear witness to our Creator, bear witness the information-communication comes from a mind. This code, this language, these building blocks of life are amazing. Lord, now as we transition from these natural sciences and these proofs to talking about matters of faith-who You are and how Youve revealed Yourself, be with us on that study, direct us, teach us and show us. Help us, Lord, to take the things that weve already learned and apply them-not only to our lives but use them to help others who are looking for answers, who are looking for truth. We are thankful that all truth is Your truth. Lord, we can either recognize that we are here because of intelligent design, or we are here because of a dumb accident, random chance. If thats the case, life has no meaning. It has no purpose. Its random; its an accident. But Your Word is very clear that we are not accidents. We have design and we have purpose. All things that have been made have been made by You and for You. So, Lord, we thank You for that Truth that is shaping our lives. In Jesus name we pray, Amen.
The geological record of environmental change - for iPod/iPhone
Transcript -- An introduction to the geology of Northern Scotland.
The geological record of environmental change - for iPod/iPhone
An introduction to the geology of Northern Scotland.
The geological record of environmental change - for iPad/Mac/PC
Transcript -- An introduction to the geology of Northern Scotland.
The geological record of environmental change - for iPad/Mac/PC
An introduction to the geology of Northern Scotland.
So today's show was a continuation from Generation Annihilation's slot time(12pm-1pm).....The first half of The Ocean's Precambrian album was played then and the second half was played on Powerchord's "regular" hour. No album on Powerchord's history has ever been played in it's entirety. PRECAMBRIAN is the first album to ever to do so...enjoy!!!!!Also tunes from new Keep Of Kalessin,Testament,and Ost Est Ima can be heard.
The official Aphonia Recordings podcast features interviews, live recordings with and of our many varied and eclectic artists as well as discussion on the many phenomena of music and sound.
The official Aphonia Recordings podcast features interviews, live recordings with and of our many varied and eclectic artists as well as discussion on the many phenomena of music and sound.
The official Aphonia Recordings podcast features interviews, live recordings with and of our many varied and eclectic artists as well as discussion on the many phenomena of music and sound.
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