POPULARITY
There is increasing recognition of neurodivergence in our society, and greater demand for interventions to support children with special needs, such as children with autism. Applied behaviour analysis (ABA) is commonly practised in interventions for children with autism, but is also a controversial issue in the autism community. Dr Neil Martin, Director of International Development, Behavior Analyst Certification Board, joins us to shed more light on ABA, how practitioners are trained and certified, and what are its applications beyond autism. Image credit: Shutterstock
In this episode, dive into the unique journey of Francesca Degli Espinosa, from her groundbreaking work in behavior analysis with children with autism to her personal exploration of dog training [stared during the pandemic]. With the adoption of her Labrador puppy, Darwin, Francesca opens up about how her professional life influenced her dog training and vice versa. What You'll Discover in This Episode: Francesca's transition from using Applied Behaviour Analysis with human learners to dog training and the lessons learned along the way. Insights into behavior analysis and its application in understanding and training dogs. The story of Darwin, the pandemic puppy, and the challenges and joys of training him. Why This Episode Is a Must-Listen: Francesca shares her insights into the parallels between behavior analysis in humans and animals, emphasizing the importance of communication, understanding, and empathy in both fields. Whether you're a seasoned animal trainer or just passionate about behavior analysis, there's something in this episode for everyone. Engage With Us: If Francesca's story has sparked your interest or if you have your own experiences to share, we'd love to hear from you. Subscribe to our podcast, share this episode with your network, and join our dedicated membership for more discussions. Looking Ahead: Don't miss our next episode, where we'll delve into part two of our conversation with Francesca. Thank you for tuning in and for being a part of our ATA community. Links; www.abaclinic.net https://www.facebook.com/francesca.d.espinosa
Dr. Mary Barbera and Dr. Francesca degli Espinosa talk about the power of joint attention and eye contact in autism. Learn how to foster a deeper connection, navigate milestones, and enhance social engagement. Dr. Espinosa, a seasoned expert in Applied Behaviour Analysis, offers practical tips to enhance these skills in a enjoyable, family-oriented manner. Tune in to empower yourself on the journey of turning autism around, fostering brighter connections for these children.
This week Simon finally gets his papers together and talks at the microphone about ABA. In the exploration of Applied Behaviour Analysis (ABA), it's crucial that we trace its historical roots and the path it has taken in the realm of autism treatment. Initially hailed for its scientific validation, ABA's techniques and approaches have been a double-edged sword. Over time, many have raised concerns about the therapy's abusive aspects, particularly the methods that prioritise compliance over understanding, potentially suppressing the unique perspectives and behaviours of autistic individuals. These concerns have birthed controversies that have persisted, fuelled by the perception that seeks to 'normalise' autistic people, rather than embracing and understanding their intrinsic differences.In an attempt to provide a comprehensive view of ABA's evolution, I've delved deeply into authentic autistic voices. Using primary sources, including firsthand accounts from the autistic community, alongside traditional scientific papers, it offered me a rich tapestry of insights. It's paramount that as we critically assess therapies like ABA, we ground our understanding in both empirical science and the lived experiences of those directly impacted. Doing so helps us recognize and challenge the embedded notions in our society that still, unfortunately, view autistic individuals as "less than" or outside the so-called norm.I used dozens of sources in preparation for this episode and will publish links and article references via our Twitter feed in the coming days. As ever we thank you, our loyal listeners for sticking with us. We would love to hear from you and our Twitter is open @AtypicalThePod for messages and comments. Have a topic you would like us to cover, or do you fancy joining us for a natter, maybe tell us about your area of interest or expertise and share these things with everyone. We would also recommend our friend The Autistic Women for another great view on living with autism and our friends at the All Bets are Off podcast who cover addiction.
Sue has over twenty five years experience training and handling dogs, both her own and those of her clients. Sue has also been teaching dog obedience lessons since 1993. Sue has participated in a variety of dog sports including obedience, tracking, retrieving, Schutzhund and agility with her own dogs and those of her clients. Sue shares her life with her young German Shepherd Hawks Hunt's Sphingidae RN, ATD 2K9, “Hawkeye”. Hawkeye and Sue are training in tricks, obedience, nosework, tracking and rally, and have been enjoying their first trips into the competition ring. Alongside of his friend Zero, Hawkeye stars as the Professor, amusing his friends on the Tiktok Pigpen and the Professor. Outside of the dog training world, Sue is an avid outdoorsman, participating in camping, hunting and canoeing, and she is also an enthusiastic equestrian athlete. Sue enjoys riding her gelding Kahless, and learning the finer points of dressage. Sue founded Dogs in the Park when she was a student at the University of Guelph, and she co-owns it now with her husband John. Sue is particularly interested in the rehabilitation of aggressive dogs and the resolution of behavioural problems with dogs in family homes. In 2003, Sue passed the Certificate of Pet Dog Training and in the fall of 2004, she was accepted into the International Association of Animal Behaviour Consultants as a clinical member. More recently, Sue wrote and passed the Certificate of Behaviour Consulting Canine, Knowledge Assessed. Sue is a well respected speaker, both online and in person and has delivered programming in Canada, the USA, the United Kingdom and Ireland. Sue has delivered webinars, seminars and lectures on Applied Behaviour Analysis, Resolving Behaviour Problems and Working with Clients. For more information about Sue's credentials, please visit www.ccpdt.org and www.iaabc.org. Legal Disclaimer: This podcast is intended for educational purposes only and does not constitute advice or professional services by either the host nor any of the guests. www.dogsinthepark.ca www.losinglulu.com About the Host: If you want to work with me, Susan Light, you can find me at: www.doggydojopodcast.com The music was written by Mac Light, you can find him at: www.maclightsongwriter.com If you like the show, please Subscribe, Rate, Review, and Share to help others find the show! I'll see you in two weeks with a brand new episode of the Doggy Dojo!
In this episode, we navigate through the difficult topic of behavioral euthanasia in aggression cases. Our expert guests Trish McMillan and Sue Alexander share their expertise in animal behavior, sheltering, and the incredible support group they co-founded, Losing Lulu. We also explore the caregiver burden, the impact it can have on a family, and how to deal with criticism from those who do not understand the situation.The Aggression in Dogs ConferenceThe Aggression in Dogs Master CourseThe Bitey End of the Dog Bonus EpisodesAbout Sue:Sue has over 25 years experience training and handling dogs, both her own and those of her clients. Sue has been teaching dog obedience lessons since 1993. She has participated in a wide variety of dog sports including obedience, tracking, retrieving, Schutzhund, nose work, and agility with her own dogs and those of her clients. In the past year, Hawkeye has joined Sue as her most recent canine partner. Outside of the dog training world, Sue is an avid outdoorsman, participating in camping, hunting, fishing, and canoeing and she is also an enthusiastic equestrian athlete. Sue enjoys riding her gelding, Kahless, and learning the finer points of dressage. Sue founded Dogs in the Park and she was a student at the University of Guelph, and she co-owns that with her husband John. Sue is particularly interested in the rehabilitation of aggressive dogs and the resolution of behavioural problems with dogs in family homes. In 2003, Sue passed the Certificate of Professional Dog Training and in the fall of 2004, she was accepted into the International Association of Animal Behaviour Consultants as a clinical member. More recently she passed the Certificate of Behaviour Consulting Canine, Knowledge Assessed. Sue is a well respected speaker, both on line and in person and has delivered programming in Canada, the USA, the United Kingdom and Ireland. Sue has delivered webinars, seminars and lectures on Applied Behaviour Analysis, Resolving Behaviour Problems and Working with Clients. https://www.dogsinthepark.ca/About Trish:Trish McMillan is an internationally-known speaker on the topics of animal behavior and sheltering. She holds a master of science degree in animal behavior, and is a certified professional dog trainer. Trish first walked into a shelter in the mid 90's and has been hooked on shelter behavior ever since. She worked for the ASPCA for nearly eight years, first as director of animal behavior at their NYC shelter, and then with the field team, helping assess and rehabilitate dogs from cruelty cases, dogfighting and hoarding situations.Trish owns McMillan Animal Behavior in North Carolina, where she lives in a tiny house on her farm, Pibble Hill. Trish currently shares her life with many animals of five species. Trish's professional work includes training and behavior modification work with dogs, cats, and horses. She speaks and consults nationally and internationally on animal sheltering issues, dog, cat, and horse behavior, dog aggression, and defensive handling. She also runs a popular online shelter dog behavior mentorship and other courses through the Shelter Behavior Hub, and is one of the founders of the behavioral euthanasia grief support group, “Losing Lulu.”Support the show
Nicole Pfaller-Sadovsky, PhD Bio As a long-time dog owner (since 1994) and a “Dog Trainer Certified According to Animal Welfare and Protection Legislation” (awarded by the Austrian Ministry of Health and the Messerli Research Institute, VetMed Vienna), Nicole founded her own dog training business in 2008, Happy-Fellow® Coaching & Seminars. Since then, she has worked with clients whose dogs display a wide range of problematic behaviours, such as fear-related behaviour, inter- and intraspecific aggression, or stereotypic behaviours. Additionally, to her work as a behaviourist, Nicole frequently teaches retrieving classes as a fun and stimulating activity for all dogs but also for dog-owner teams participating in retriever-specific competitions. Nicole holds a BSc (Hons) degree in Applied Animal Behaviour from University of Portsmouth (UK) and a MSc degree in Applied Behaviour Analysis from Queen's University Belfast (UK). In 2022, Nicole completed her Ph.D. in Biological Sciences with an emphasis in Behaviour Analysis at Queen's University Belfast. Currently she conducts research on canine learning, human-dog interactions, and owner training from a behaviour-analytic perspective as a Visiting Scholar affiliated with Queen's University Belfast. For links visit here >>> https://atamember.com/2023/04/10/nicole-pfaller-sadovsky-2/
Nicole Pfaller-Sadovsky, PhD Bio As a long-time dog owner (since 1994) and a “Dog Trainer Certified According to Animal Welfare and Protection Legislation” (awarded by the Austrian Ministry of Health and the Messerli Research Institute, VetMed Vienna), Nicole founded her own dog training business in 2008, Happy-Fellow® Coaching & Seminars. Since then, she has worked with clients whose dogs display a wide range of problematic behaviours, such as fear-related behaviour, inter- and intraspecific aggression, or stereotypic behaviours. Additionally, to her work as a behaviourist, Nicole frequently teaches retrieving classes as a fun and stimulating activity for all dogs but also for dog-owner teams participating in retriever-specific competitions. Nicole holds a BSc (Hons) degree in Applied Animal Behaviour from University of Portsmouth (UK) and a MSc degree in Applied Behaviour Analysis from Queen's University Belfast (UK). In 2022, Nicole completed her Ph.D. in Biological Sciences with an emphasis in Behaviour Analysis at Queen's University Belfast. Currently she conducts research on canine learning, human-dog interactions, and owner training from a behaviour-analytic perspective as a Visiting Scholar affiliated with Queen's University Belfast. For links, visit here >>>
Ciara Harte is a neurodivergent counsellor based in Victoria, British Columbia. In this episode, Kristen and Ciara chat about Ciara's critical discourse analysis of ABA. Ciara has firsthand experience working with applied behaviour analysis principles and practices, and was heavily involved in ABA for a few years. Topics discussed also include:A brief history of ABAThe interactional and discursive view of violence and resistance + response-based practiceThe problem of informed consent and ABAThe ways autistic children enact resistance during applied behaviour analysisIf you'd like to know more about topics discussed in this episode, check out: "Reframing Compliance: Exposing Violence Within Applied Behaviour Analysis" by Ciara HarteCheck out Ciara's website: Ciara Harte Counselling"Autistic Experiences of Applied Behaviour Analysis" by Laura Anderson"Quiet Hands" by Julia BascomHandbook of Applied Behavior Analysis: History, Philosophy, Principles, and Basic Methods by Wayne W. Fisher et al."The Line Between Intervention and Abuse: Autism and Applied Behaviour Analysis" by Patrick Kirkham"Evidence of Increased PTSD Symptoms in Autistics Exposed to Applied Behavior Analysis" by Henny Kupferstein"Invisible Abuse: ABA and the Things Only Autistic People Can See" by C. L. Lynch"I Am a Disillusioned BCBA: Autistics Are Right About ABA" by Jo Ram"Publication Bias in Studies of an Applied Behavior-Analytic Intervention: An Initial Analysis" by Elyssa Sham and Tristram SmithEpisode intro and outro music: "London 2 Catalan" by Independent Music Licensing Collective (IMLC) (no changes or modifications were made) Support the showThe Other Autism theme music: "Everything Feels New" by Evgeny Bardyuzha. All episodes written and produced by Kristen Hovet.If you would like to submit a question to possibly be answered in a future episode, please email kristen.hovet@gmail.comBecome a supporter of the show for as little as $3 a month!The Other Autism podcast on InstagramThe Other Autism podcast on FacebookBuy me a coffee!For transcripts, go to The Other Autism on Buzzsprout, click on an episode and then click on "Transcript" to the right of "Show Notes".
This two-part episode features Ben chatting with long-time Autistic advocate Terra Vance. We dive into all sorts of topics from banning ABA, ABA as abuse, systemic racism, and ableism, facilitated communication, ABA reform, and so much more. Terra's perspectives are her own and she shares some useful resources and evidence to back up her ideas. Continuing Education Units (CEUs): https://cbiconsultants.com/shop BACB: 1.0 Learning IBAO: 1.0 Learning QABA: 1.0 General The Behaviour Speak Podcast Episodes Referenced: Episode 45 - Tiffany Hammond (note Ben's perseverative error when calling her “Harrison” instead of “Hammond”): https://www.behaviourspeak.com/e/episode-45-advocating-for-systemic-change-with-tiffany-hammond-of-fidgets-fries Web Links: Neuroclastic: https://neuroclastic.com Samantha Craft's Checklist of Autistic Traits: http://www.myspectrumsuite.com/samantha-crafts-autistic-traits-checklist Terra Vance on Psyc Central: https://psychcentral.com/blog/aspie/2019/04/why-your-aspergers-nt-relationship-is-failing https://psychcentral.com/autism/conditions-associated-with-autism https://psychcentral.com/blog/aspie/2018/09/allism-spectrum-disorders-a-parody https://psychcentral.com/blog/aspie/2019/03/271 Tiffany Hammond's New Book: https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/A-Day-With-No-Words/Tiffany-Hammond/9781736949795 Oswin Latimer: http://oglatimer.com Tiffany Joseph: https://www.instagram.com/nigh.functioning.autism/?hl=en SLP-ABA Special Interest Group (SIG): https://www.behavioralspeech.com Institutional DARVO: https://dynamic.uoregon.edu/jjf/defineDARVO.html Institution for Organizational Courage: https://www.institutionalcourage.org Articles Referenced: Lovaas, O. I. (1987). Behavioral treatment and normal educational and intellectual functioning in young autistic children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55(1), 3–9. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.55.1.3 Rekers, G. A., & Lovaas, O. I. (1974). Behavioral treatment of deviant sex-role behaviors in a male child. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 7(2), 173–190. https://doi.org/10.1901/jaba.1974.7-173 Pritchett, M., Ala'i-Rosales, S., Cruz, A. R. et al. (2021). Social justice is the spirit and aim of an applied science of human behavior: Moving from colonial to participatory research practices. Behavior Analysis Practice. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40617-021-00591-7 Research Gathered by Terra Peer-Reviewed Research on Autism as Neuromotor Disorder: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1kPZfljxQv4zR1p6ngQLPLaSbabkkuX4CnXOcm_nFOto/edit?fbclid=IwAR13rRiVousoxbcBZoAPDC9mX3QdQVmV6FuioV0Z4GuL-e0mUZodWQeFf8c Peer-Reviewed Research on Neuromotor Disinhibition: https://docs.google.com/document/d/10mAw9TT5KwFm6sh7W3teKZDWk3yATP5MbFWS8CayauQ/edit?fbclid=IwAR3GNWXON3UP1Odrxgt65KZS-_9uthYULV90t45YSSESq5bYjxEDRxD0q5o A Selection of Peer-Reviewed Publications Supporting the Use of FC and RPM: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1xcxHoYcYVkNzGA6Kv1tP7xG3LCKWELfHZwG7twOZUcU/edit?fbclid=IwAR0-4QoDDCLCpo2T2m4u2A6EMJi-H2nX702N_eEpcGJ-j0z-cBP2hQqCoi8
This two-part episode features Ben chatting with long-time Autistic advocate Terra Vance. We dive into all sorts of topics from banning ABA, ABA as abuse, systemic racism, and ableism, facilitated communication, ABA reform, and so much more. Terra's perspectives are her own and she shares some useful resources and evidence to back up her ideas. Continuing Education Units (CEUs): https://cbiconsultants.com/shop BACB: 1.0 Learning IBAO: 1.0 Learning QABA: 1.0 General The Behaviour Speak Podcast Episodes Referenced: Episode 45 - Tiffany Hammond (note Ben's perseverative error when calling her “Harrison” instead of “Hammond”): https://www.behaviourspeak.com/e/episode-45-advocating-for-systemic-change-with-tiffany-hammond-of-fidgets-fries Web Links: Neuroclastic: https://neuroclastic.com Samantha Craft's Checklist of Autistic Traits: http://www.myspectrumsuite.com/samantha-crafts-autistic-traits-checklist Terra Vance on Psyc Central: https://psychcentral.com/blog/aspie/2019/04/why-your-aspergers-nt-relationship-is-failing https://psychcentral.com/autism/conditions-associated-with-autism https://psychcentral.com/blog/aspie/2018/09/allism-spectrum-disorders-a-parody https://psychcentral.com/blog/aspie/2019/03/271 Tiffany Hammond's New Book: https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/A-Day-With-No-Words/Tiffany-Hammond/9781736949795 Oswin Latimer: http://oglatimer.com Tiffany Joseph: https://www.instagram.com/nigh.functioning.autism/?hl=en SLP-ABA Special Interest Group (SIG): https://www.behavioralspeech.com Institutional DARVO: https://dynamic.uoregon.edu/jjf/defineDARVO.html Institution for Organizational Courage: https://www.institutionalcourage.org Articles Referenced: Lovaas, O. I. (1987). Behavioral treatment and normal educational and intellectual functioning in young autistic children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55(1), 3–9. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.55.1.3 Rekers, G. A., & Lovaas, O. I. (1974). Behavioral treatment of deviant sex-role behaviors in a male child. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 7(2), 173–190. https://doi.org/10.1901/jaba.1974.7-173 Pritchett, M., Ala'i-Rosales, S., Cruz, A. R. et al. (2021). Social justice is the spirit and aim of an applied science of human behavior: Moving from colonial to participatory research practices. Behavior Analysis Practice. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40617-021-00591-7 Research Gathered by Terra Peer-Reviewed Research on Autism as Neuromotor Disorder: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1kPZfljxQv4zR1p6ngQLPLaSbabkkuX4CnXOcm_nFOto/edit?fbclid=IwAR13rRiVousoxbcBZoAPDC9mX3QdQVmV6FuioV0Z4GuL-e0mUZodWQeFf8c Peer-Reviewed Research on Neuromotor Disinhibition: https://docs.google.com/document/d/10mAw9TT5KwFm6sh7W3teKZDWk3yATP5MbFWS8CayauQ/edit?fbclid=IwAR3GNWXON3UP1Odrxgt65KZS-_9uthYULV90t45YSSESq5bYjxEDRxD0q5o A Selection of Peer-Reviewed Publications Supporting the Use of FC and RPM: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1xcxHoYcYVkNzGA6Kv1tP7xG3LCKWELfHZwG7twOZUcU/edit?fbclid=IwAR0-4QoDDCLCpo2T2m4u2A6EMJi-H2nX702N_eEpcGJ-j0z-cBP2hQqCoi8
Laura Perkins resides in Michigan with her husband, 2 dogs and 2 cats. They are eagerly anticipating the arrival of their baby daughter in December! Currently, Laura provides 1-1 behavior consulting for families and their dogs through her business Laura Perkins Animal Behavior. She also provides virtual services through Kiki Yablon Dog Training. For the first time this summer Laura served as a TA for Susan Friedman's Living and Learning with Animals course. Laura began training dogs as a young kind in 4-h where she was introduced to what we would today call “balanced training”. Her “aha” moment regarding clicker training and positive reinforcement based methods was via an agility instructor who used Laura's dog Sammy as a demo to free shape getting on the table and laying down. This was the moment that led Laura to pursue an understanding of how this stuff works! Laura graduated from the University of Illinois in 2009 with a bachelor's degree in Animal Science. She wasn't satisfied with her learning regarding behavior specifically so she went on to pursue a master's degree in Applied Behavior Analysis at the University of North Texas where she graduated in 2012. There she studied with Jesús-Rosales-Ruiz and was an active member of the ORCA lab (Organization for Reinforcement Contingencies with Animals). Between graduate school and now, Laura has worked at a doggy daycare, has served as the behaviorist on staff at a county shelter in Oregon, and has continued to grow her business. Laura's dog hobbies are doing nosework, obedience and occasionally some at-home agility with her two dogs Dan (Herding Dog Multi Blend) and Doug (Border Collie). Outside of dog training, Laura enjoys hiking, gardening and is learning to play the guitar. For links CLICK HERE >>> https://atamember.com/2022/11/04/laura-perkins/
At Teacher, we are often asked for more resources and information on behaviour management. In the latest episode in our Behaviour Management series, we spoke with Senior Lecturer and Course Leader for the Master of Applied Behaviour Analysis at Monash University, Dr Erin Leif, and Russell Fox, Lecturer in Behaviour Analysis, also from Monash University. They join us again in this episode, but this time, it's to answer your questions that you submitted. We asked for these questions in our weekly Teacher bulletin, which is a free subscription you can sign up for at our website, teachermagazine.com. In this episode, we're going to delve into the link between positive behaviour support and academic learning; how positive behaviour support can be integrated with the principles of trauma-informed practice; and how we can upskill other members of the school community to help us in this area. Let's jump in. Guests: Dr Erin Leif and Russell Fox Host: Dominique Russell
In this episode, let's talk about Applied Behaviour Analysis, Early Intensive Behavioural Intervention and Discrete Trial Training. References: Child Mind Institute (2019). The controversy around ABA. New York: Child Mind Institute. Retrieved 29 June 2020 from https://childmind.org/article/controversy-around-applied-behavior-analysis/. DeFilippis, M., & Wagner, K. D. (2016). Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children and Adolescents. Psychopharmacology bulletin, 46(2), 18–41. Makrygianni, M.K., Gena, A., Katoudi, S., & Galanis, P. (2018). The effectiveness of applied behavior analytic interventions for children with autism spectrum disorder: A meta-analytic study. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 51, 18-31. doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2018.03.006. Wong, C., Odom, S.L., Hume, K., Cox, A.W., Fettig, A., Kucharczyk, S., Brock, M.E., Plavnick, J.B., Fleury, V.P., & Schultz, T.R. (2015). Evidence-based practices for children, youth, and young adults with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45(7), 1951-1966. doi: 10.1007/s10803-014-2351-z. Yu, Q., Li, E., Li, L., & Liang, W. (2020). Efficacy of Interventions Based on Applied Behavior Analysis for Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Meta-Analysis. Psychiatry investigation, 17(5), 432–443. https://doi.org/10.30773/pi.2019.0229 Links: Applied Behaviour Analysis https://www.telethonkids.org.au/our-research/research-topics/autism-spectrum-disorders/?gclid=CjwKCAjwur-SBhB6EiwA5sKtjuWSxBOb2THXg3d201lzEbhHY9nwJ1eSAgf1oLyzNeugvbf_Ab45pBoCPG8QAvD_BwE https://www.lizardcentre.com/applied-behaviour-analysis/ Early Intensive Behavioural Intervention & Discrete Trial Training https://www.lizardcentre.com/programs/autism-asd-and-behavioural-interventions/ Contact the NDIS https://www.ndis.gov.au/contact Let's Talk About Autism is now on Instagram. Click https://www.instagram.com/letstalkaboutautismpodcast/ to follow so you can stay tuned for new episodes, extras and much more! For more information, head over to Aspect Australia - www.autismspectrum.org.au. Disclaimer: I'm not a professional, just a student with a passion for autism.
This morning on #TheLITEBreakfast, Asha and Non speak with Laila Zechariah, Senior Behaviour Therapist at Autism Link, about Applied Behaviour Analysis (ABA) Therapy.
After humble beginnings with Bob Bailey's chicken camps, Scotti Harvey has spent the last 15 years as a committed educator of applied animal behavior and learning science. Scotti is a graduate of the Karen Pryor Academy, a Certified Separation Anxiety Trainer, a Puppy Start Right Instructor and Fear Free Trainer, a City and Guilds Scent Detection Dog Handler, UKCSD Scent Instructor and the founder of the animal training and consulting service, Why Runamuck. Scotti's expertise is in the impact of early-life learning on later-life behavior. She has studied with trainers and behaviorists like Terry Ryan, Ken Ramirez, Susan Friedman, and Steve Martin, and she has attended a variety of national and international workshops and courses, like the University of Edinburgh's Animal Welfare Course, Dr. Susan Friedman's Learning and Living With Animals, the Behavior Adjustment Training Instructor's Course, the NEI's Contemporary Animal Training and Management program, Ken Ramirez's Advanced Animal Training, and Marie Fogelquist's Polar Bear Training at Orsa Bjornpark. In 2014, Scotti participated in a collaborative training project between KPA and Guide Dogs for the Blind that sought new and innovative ways to incorporate positive training protocols into their puppy-raising curriculum. Scotti herself is a longtime breeder of Icelandic sheepdogs, and she has studied and observed 13 litters of puppies, learning from them while exploring avenues to mitigate behavioral issues through carefully crafted and deconstructed early-life experiences. Scotti spends most of her professional life helping canine co-habitators navigate the hiccups and tricky bits of living alongside another species, as well as collaborating with canine caregivers—breeders, fosters, shelter workers, and veterinarians—to identify ways to improve puppy rearing strategies. She is currently writing a book on those early socialization strategies and the deconstruction of puppy exposures.
In this twelfth episode Ginny Grant begins by introducing the show and providing context about herself and Reframing Autism. Ginny then introduces JayJay Mudridge, who is a young American Autistic advocate. In the conversation, JayJay reflects on their Autism journey after being identified as Autistic at a young age. They talk about how finding the Autistic community and seeing Autistic individuals existing as their authentic selves was a vital step in their own self-acceptance. JayJay discusses some of the Autistic advocates they have become friends with and how those relationships work. Next, They explain that their advocacy was traumagenic – that is, it comes from a place of trauma – following their experiences of Applied Behaviour Analysis or ABA during their formative years. JayJay shares some of their experiences of ABA and its devastating impacts, and comments on the notion of “modern ABA”. Finally, JayJay explores some of the ways in which they have unmasked and live authentically.
As a teacher, how can you best manage when a student in your classroom makes an inappropriate comment in the middle of the lesson, catching you off-guard and disrupting other students too? What about when this behaviour happens in the playground? And, what if the comments that they're making are offensive? In this episode of Behaviour Management, we unpack these questions in-depth with our two guests – Senior Lecturer and Course Leader for the Master of Applied Behaviour Analysis at Monash University, Erin Leif, and Russell Fox, Lecturer in Behaviour Analysis, also from Monash University. We also delve into how school leaders can best support their staff in this area in this episode. Host: Dominique Russell Guests: Dr Erin Leif and Russell Fox
About this episode! Episode 168 is part 2 of this special instalment. We welcome back two previous guests of the ATA podcast show to talk about what it's like to parent with some ABA [Applied Behaviour Analysis] & training knowledge on board. Firstly, Dr Susan Friedman, a retired psychology professor of Utah State University who pioneered the application of Applied Behaviour Analysis (ABA) to captive and companion animals. And secondly, the excellent Rick Hester, the Curator of Behavioural Husbandry for the Cheyenne Mountain Zoo in Colorado. There Rick oversees all the zoo's behavioural programs, including animal training for husbandry, medical, public show behaviours, enrichment, developing programs to improve problem behaviour situations, and the zoo's formal animal welfare assessments. And, since 2015, Rick has also worked for Dr Friedman's Behaviour Works as a consultant and course co-instructor Listen to part 1 here >>> https://atamember.com/main-ata-podcast-show/
Jessica Ortiz began her journey as an activist and freedom fighter in 2012 through the Toronto Cornerstone International Film Fest and Compassion 365. She has been serving at Fight4Freedom as a Survivor Care Case Manager since 2019 and has recently taken the position of Survivor Care Director. Back in 2010, she was exposed to the harsh realities of human trafficking through a film entitled, "Call + Response" and it struck a major cord in her that she could not ignore. Since then she has organized multiple social justice film festivals, awareness events and outreaches across schools and churches in the GTA. When she learned of the anti sex trafficking organization called Fight4Freedom she knew she had to answer the call to become an inner-city missionary and join the unique ministry. She has the honour and privilege to work both directly and indirectly with survivors to assess their needs and to journey with them towards freedom from sexual exploitation. She enjoys finding creative ways to bring awareness about sex trafficking and engage people to action.Jessica has a background in Applied Behaviour Analysis and has done behaviour therapy with various populations. Jessica also serves on the worship team at her church and was officially ordained as a minister in 2017.E-mail | jessica@fight4freedom.caPersonal Website | heArts4freedom.caSocial Media Links | @jess4freedom
While we are all ready to "return to normal" parenting coach Cori Stern is finding that many of her clients have new problems with their children that were never there before. Even if their children returned to school smoothly this year, a few weeks in they started displaying a multitude of stress behaviors. Cori is with us on the podcast today to talk about how parents can recognize the stress that is showing up in younger and younger kids and strategies to help them cope with it! Cori is a Learning Specialist and Behaviour Analyst. She's also a Mother of a 7 & 5 year old. After completing her Masters in Child Study & Education she merged her backgrounds in Positive Parenting, Education, Child Development, and Applied Behaviour Analysis to deliver a very unique perspective on child growth & development. She has over 15 years of clinical experience working with families who have children on the Autism Spectrum. Her current work focuses on coaching parents through the different ages and stages of development so they can parent with less of the day to day stress and overwhelm! Consider her your Chief Executive Problem Solver- from the toddler years straight through the school age years. Connect with Cori Stern: http://coristern.com/ (http://coristern.com/) Join us LIVE each week in our Facebook Group … https://www.facebook.com/groups/blissfulparenting (https://www.facebook.com/groups/blissfulparenting) Connect with Blissful Parenting: Free Workshop ► https://www.blissfulparentingworkshop.com (https://www.BlissfulParentingWorkshop.com) Website ► http://www.theblissfulparent.com/ (http://www.TheBlissfulParent.com/) Blog ► http://www.theblissfulparent.com/blog (http://www.TheBlissfulParent.com/blog) Podcast ► http://www.theblissfulparent.com/podcast/ (http://www.TheBlissfulParent.com/podcast/) Contact ►http://www.blissfulparenting.com/contact (http://www.BlissfulParenting.com/contact) Follow Us On Social Media: Youtube ► https://www.youtube.com/theblissfulparent (https://www.youtube.com/theblissfulparent) Facebook ► https://www.facebook.com/theblissfulparent (https://www.facebook.com/theblissfulparent) Instagram ► https://www.instagram.com/theblissfulparent/ (https://www.instagram.com/theblissfulparent/) Twitter ►https://twitter.com/blissfulparent (https://twitter.com/blissfulparent) Thanks for listening! Thanks so much for listening to our podcast! If you enjoyed this episode and think that others could benefit from listening, please share it using the social media buttons on this page. Do you have some feedback or questions about this episode? Leave a note in the comment section below! Subscribe to the podcast If you would like to get automatic updates of new podcast episodes, you can subscribe to the podcast on iTunes or Stitcher. You can also subscribe to the podcast app on your mobile device. Leave us an iTunes review Ratings and reviews from our listeners are extremely valuable to us and greatly appreciated. They help our podcast rank higher on iTunes, which exposes our show to more awesome listeners like you. If you have a minute, please leave an honest review on iTunes.
Thanks for joining me on another episode of the Therapy Explained podcast. My guest today is Behavioural Psychologist Pádraig Walsh, a specialist in applied behavioural analysis (ABA). Pádraig has a wealth of experience working with families, organisations and schools using ABA which shone through in our talk. We discussed the principles behind ABA and how these are applied in the real world to improve socially significant behaviours for a range of people, including children with developmental disabilities, students who may be struggling in mainstream education and influencing the wider population on their decision making.
In this episode, we spoke to Dr. Marguerite Hoerger (Maggie), BCBA-D, Senior Lecturer in Education at Bangor University, and course director of the MSc in Applied Behaviour Analysis. Her primary research interest is in developing affordable, evidence-based, and sustainable applications of ABA for use in schools. Dr. Hoerger shared insights with us about the importance of creating a behavior plan that fits into the teachers' vision of their own classroom. If they (teachers) don't like it, we (BCBAs) don't run it! She also highlighted that sanction and punishment don't teach new behaviour.
Paul is joined by returning guest Sally Hooper for a slightly different episode; one that exercises silence. The episode begins with five minutes of silence during which you should simply concentrate on your breath and see how it feels to be in the present. Then the pair discuss silence, the fact that people are uncomfortable with silence, but also the benefits silence can bring to the mind. KEY TAKEAWAYS When you begin meditation your ‘monkey mind' will start jumping about between thoughts, but with time you settle in and it will become more centring. The mind is desperate for certainty, it doesn't like silence. Anything that happens that takes that certainty away can create havok. Silence, even in conversation, can be uncomfortable and can give you pause to worry about what you just said or what the other person is thinking. It's a powerful communication tool. When we put people in solitary confinement can be maddening for them, torture or punishment. It's interesting that silence can be so centring for some people and so maddening for others. BEST MOMENTS ‘Sometimes it's a value to stretch ourselves.' ‘Silence gives answers.' ‘Those that know do not speak.' ‘Being present with oneself is undoubtedly a gift.' VALUABLE RESOURCES Paul's Story: Emerging From The Forest (UK): https://www.amazon.co.uk/Emerging-Forest-Pain-Purpose-Mastering/dp/1719373272 Paul's Story: Emerging From The Forest (USA): https://www.amazon.com/Emerging-Forest-Pain-Purpose-Mastering/dp/1719373272 Mastering The Game Of Life Book (UK): https://www.amazon.co.uk/Mastering-Game-Life-Paul-Lowe/dp/1782227679 Mastering The Game Of Life Book (USA): https://www.amazon.com/Mastering-Game-Life-Paul-Lowe/dp/1782227679 Speaking From Our Hearts Books: Volumes 1-3 (Available on Amazon) World Game-Changers Group ABOUT THE GUEST Sally is an author, career educator, and a champion for children. As an educational & behavioural consultant, she has worked with dozens of school districts in the mid-90s, helping them integrates principles of Applied Behaviour Analysis into classrooms. Sally also works privately for families, equipping parents with effective, evidence-based strategies, and helping them optimise their parenting skills to get back to enjoying their times together. With 28 years of experience working in the field of autism and special education, her approach has remained simple – she believes in maintaining a positive mindset, creating partnerships with a purpose, and always striving for significant outcomes for children. Currently, Sally contracts privately with both school districts and families across the country through her company – Dynamic Behaviour Solutions. She's especially enjoying helping families with “neurotypical” little ones who just need some extra help getting back on track behaviourally. www.dynamicbehavioursolutions.com ABOUT THE HOST Paul has made a remarkable transformation from existing for many years in dark, desperate despair; to now living a really healthy, happy and fulfilling life. From an early age, he was in the vice-like clutches of the demon drink and constantly embroiled within a dark cocktail of toxic beliefs, self-hate and destructive violence. Along with his empathetic and dedicated team of world-class coaches and mentors, Paul's purpose is deeply transformational: Developing World Game-Changers… He is extremely passionate about helping others to find their purpose, have a voice and ultimately, make a real difference. This has been built on a long and distinguished history of heart-centred coaching and mentoring. He has also been responsible for raising significant amounts of funds for many charities and good causes around the world; positively impacting and inspiring thousands of children – mainly from challenging backgrounds – within the UK & worldwide. Through this World Game-Changers podcast and books, he has been involved in – including being a best-selling co-author – Paul also helps others to get their own inspirational messages and stories out into the world; as well as offering support to many charitable organisations, in their development & fund-raising. CONTACT METHODS Tel: +44 (0) 7958 042 155 E-mail: Paul@Paul-Lowe.com Web: https://www.Paul-Lowe.com Web: https://www.worldgamechangers.org/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/IamPaulLowe/ LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/paul-d-lowe-7a78332a/ See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
Continuing our conversation with Dr. Denise, we discuss the ethics of Applied Behaviour Analysis and how some people dispute its claims on ethical grounds. We will also understand how ABA manages temper tantrums, plus develop a brief understanding of Discrete Trial Training, one of the main sub-methods in the ABA framework.
Welcome to the guest interview with Dr. Denise Lai Chua. An experienced early childhood professional, leader and researcher, Dr. Denise Lai Chua is skilled in early childhood education and the treatment of children with additional needs (especially Autism Spectrum Disorders). She is an International Behaviour Analyst™. She has degrees in Education, Psychology, and English (Linguistics). Join us as she walks us through Applied Behaviour Analysis, an evidence-based approach often considered the “gold standard” of teaching protocols for people on the spectrum.
In this episode, Ben chats with Dr. Rebecca Sharp who directs the Applied Behaviour Analysis programme at Bangor University in Wales. Dr. Sharp's research interests include behaviour analytic approaches to working with people with dementia and traumatic brain injury. Continuing Education Units (CEUs): https://cbiconsultants.com/shop Show Notes: University of Auckland: https://www.psych.auckland.ac.nz/en/about/our-courses/applied-behaviour-analysis.html Rebecca Sharp: https://www.bangor.ac.uk/psychology/staff/rebecca-sharp/en Enjoy Old Age - Skinner and Vaughn: https://www.amazon.ca/Enjoy-Old-Age-B-Skinner/dp/0393018059 Articles Referenced: Adkins, V. K., & Mathews, R. M. (1997). Prompted voiding to reduce incontinence in community-dwelling older adults. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 30(1), 153-156. https://doi.org/10.1901/jaba.1997.30-153 Cohen-Mansfield, J., Dakheel-Ali, M., Marx, M. S., Thein, K., & Regier, N. G. (2015). Which unmet needs contribute to behavior problems in persons with advanced dementia?. Psychiatry Research, 228(1), 59–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2015.03.043 Dixon, M. R., Nastally, B. L., & Waterman, A. (2010). The effect of gambling activities on happiness levels of nursing home residents. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 43(3), 531-535. https://doi.org/10.1901/jaba.2010.43-531 Fahmie, T. A., & Hanley, G. P. (2008). Progressing toward data intimacy: A review of within-session data analysis. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 41(3), 319–331. https://doi.org/10.1901/jaba.2008.41-319 Gallagher, S. M. & Keenan, M. (2000). Extending high rates of meaningful interaction among the elderly in residential care through participation in a specifically designed activity. Behavioral Interventions, 15, 113-119. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-078X(200004/06)15:23.0.CO;2-Y Green, C. W., & Reid, D. H. (1996). Defining, validating, and increasing indices of happiness among people with profound multiple disabilities. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 29(1), 67-78. https://doi.org/10.1901/jaba.1996.29-67 Jackman, L., & Beatty, A. (2015). Using the Newcastle Model to understand people whose behaviour challenges in dementia care. Nursing Older People, 27(2), 32-39. https://doi.org/10.7748/nop.27.2.32.e666 Lucock, Z. R., Sharp, R. A. & Jones, R. S. (2020). Preference for leisure items over edible items in individuals with dementia: A replication. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 53, 1780-1788. https://doi.org/10.1002/jaba.679 Sharp, R. A., Lucock, Z. R. & Jones, R. S. P. (2021). Preliminary investigation of two functional assessment methods for people with dementia: Effectiveness and acceptability. Behavioral Interventions, 36, 93-104. https://doi.org/10.1002/bin.1747 Sharp, R. A., Williams, E., Rörnes, R. et al. (2019). Lounge layout to facilitate communication and engagement in people with dementia. Behavior Analysis in Practice, 12, 637-642. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40617-018-00323-4 Williams, E. E. M., Sharp, R. A. & Lamers, C. (2020). An assessment method for identifying acceptable and effective ways to present demands to an adult with dementia. Behavior Analysis in Practice, 13, 473-478. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40617-020-00409-y
This month's episode will welcome Dr. Bobby Newman and Jessica Cauchi to discuss the topic of Let's Talk About Sex. Affectionately known as the Dark Overlord of ABA, Bobby is the first author on 13 books regarding applied behavior analysis, the philosophy of behaviorism, autism spectrum disorders, and utopian literature. He has published over two dozen articles in professional journals, as well as numerous popular magazine articles, and has hosted two series of radio call-in shows. Jessica is the Director of Atlas Behaviour Consultation and a Board Certified Behaviour Analyst. She received her Master of Science degree in Applied Behaviour Analysis from St. Cloud State University in Minneapolis. She has over 18 years of experience using Applied Behaviour Analysis to teach children, teens, and adults with autism and other developmental disabilities. You'll want to tune into this one!
Happy end of May! Lets wrap up another month with a book discussion! This time we take you through "First Course in Applied Behaviour Analysis" by Paul Chance. We hope you'll enjoy it!
As parents, we all have moments where our child displays erratic, emotional, out of control behavior. But when do you know if this behavior warrants a diagnosis from a psychological or medical professional? Amelia Bowler is a writer, artist and behaviour consultant. She's the owner of Creative Connected Parenting and on this episode we are discussing how to identify when you should get help for your child's behavior. We also discuss what Opposition Defiant Disorder, an area she specializes in, and when a diagnosis for your child is appropriate and when it could potentially hurt. Highlights from this episode include:Identifying when you should get help for your child's behaviorWhen a diagnosis on behavior is appropriate and when it can hurtExplanation of Opposition Defiant DisorderSteps parents can take in getting help when they are experiencing difficult behavior in their childHow we as parents can approach a difficult behavior situationAs a child, Amelia was diagnosed as “gifted” but struggled to stay organized and meet expectations at school. She resolved to become a classroom teacher, so she could help learners like herself. She never stopped asking questions about the “WHY” of behaviour, and looking for creative new ways to teach. After earning a Master's Degree in Applied Disability Studies with a specialization in Applied Behaviour Analysis, Amelia also gained her credential as a Board Certified Behaviour Analyst. Her mission is to help families build empathy and cooperation.Through her experience as a mother to two high-spirited boys and working as a behaviour consultant in a multi-disciplinary clinic, Amelia learned to infuse her clinical expertise with compassion, playfulness and perspective. She lives in Toronto, writing, painting and teaching, using art and creativity to bring families closer together.www.ameliabowler.comBook: The Parent's Guide to Oppositional Defiant Disorder - Your Questions AnsweredConnect with Amelia on Instagram @ameliabehaviourAs always, we would love to connect with you to continue the conversation on Instagram @sweetestandtoughestjob or on Facebook The Sweetest and Toughest JobVisit our website www.sweetestandtoughestjob.com for additional episodes, resources, guest contact info and blog posts.Thank you for listening!
In today's episode I review Operational definitions. Find me on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/jess.talks.aba/ Here are some references to the sources I used to support today's episode: https://pro.psychcentral.com/child-therapist/2020/02/defining-behavior-how-to-appropriately-create-an-operational-definition/ Miltenberger, R. G. (2008). Behavior modification: Principles and procedures (5th Ed.). Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth I have the 5th edition but Miltenberger has since released a 6th edition with revisions and updates to reflect the latest research in Applied Behaviour Analysis: https://www.cengage.ca/shop/ProductDisplay?langId=-1&storeId=10651&catalogId=10052&productId=706497 Disclaimer: This podcast is not affiliated with the BACB®! I'm just one person doing my best to share the many topics surrounding ABA. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/jesstalksaba/message
In today's episode I take a closer look at Respondent Conditioning, also known as Classical Conditioning or Pavlovian Conditioning. I really tried my best to make it simple, but the amount of times I said the words "conditioned, unconditioned, stimulus, and response" started to make my head spin! Today's main focus was on Respondent Conditioning with just a sprinkle of Operant Conditioning, and in my next episode I will pick up where I left off and go into more details about Operant Conditioning and review reinforcement and punishment. As always, here is a reference for the two texts I consulted for today's episode: Cooper, J.O., Heron, T.E., Heward, W.L. (2007). Applied behavior analysis (2nd Ed.). Upper Saddle, New Jersey: Pearson. I use the second edition, but here is a link to their newest edition: https://www.pearson.com/us/higher-education/program/Cooper-Applied-Behavior-Analysis-3rd-Edition/PGM1784647.html Miltenberger, R. G. (2008). Behavior modification: Principles and procedures (5th Ed.). Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth Again, I have the 5th edition but Miltenberger has since released a 6th edition with revisions and updates to reflect the latest research in Applied Behaviour Analysis. https://www.cengage.ca/shop/ProductDisplay?langId=-1&storeId=10651&catalogId=10052&productId=706497 Disclaimer: This podcast is not affiliated with the BACB®! I'm just one person doing my best to share the many topics surrounding ABA. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/jesstalksaba/message
It is always a joy to chat with Peta and this was a lot of fun, we covered a lot of ground, not all relating to training, but then again, they were. From training fish, to nose work, Applied Behaviour Analysis, Animal Welfare, surviving the pandemic and being kind to ourselves alongside the future directions in learning with our learners!Peta Clarke says 'As humans, it is easy to forget that other animals can have a very different sensory experience of the world. Just as our sense of sight has evolved to be the primary way we get information from our immediate world, many other mammals have developed olfaction, or smell, as their primary sense. Understanding this is the first step to understanding the animals we work with on their terms. One of the most exciting things that have happened for me as a trainer over the past four years has been my growth in understanding of the incredible world of scent for dogs.' Hey, thanks for listening to the Canine Ed Podcast! You can find more about Canine Ed through our website or check in with us on Facebook and InstagramCanine Ed is dedicated to bringing great training for people and their dogs to the community. If you've enjoyed this podcast, please leave a review, so you can help share the news!Important Note: It's FREE to subscribe to the Canine Ed Podcast! New to podcasts? The basic concept is like listening to a radio channel where you get to select the topic! Instead of listening to music you don't like or getting worn down by talk radio, you can binge on Canine Ed episodes. You can even pause, rewind and even share your leisure! There are several online platforms where you can access The Canine Ed Podcast. My suggestion – go with the old trusty standby, iTunes. This app comes preinstalled on most iPhones and iPads. If you have an Apple iphone, follow these steps next to subscribe/download the podcast. Step 1. Click the Podcasts app and then click the magnifying glass in the bottom-right corner to Search. Step 2. Type “The Canine Ed Podcast” in the search bar at the top. Step 3. From ...
Michael is a an internationally sought after keynote speaker and presenter on the topic of dog aggression at numerous events, conferences, and universities worldwide. He has mentored and presented to thousands of animal professionals in twelve different countries. We feel Michael is a uniquely placed trainer in that he is using the Science of Applied Behaviour Analysis and Reward Based Training to work through even the most challenging aggression cases.We feel incredibly proud to be bring these courses to Australia and New Zealand, you can visit www.canineeducationaus.com and go to our Canine Ed Online Learning area of the menu, where you will find links to Michael's Aggressive Dog online workshops. We have a special offer exclusive to those of you listening in the Oceana Region of the world too, with the links on the page.Thank you to everyone who participated in the Q and A, Michael said afterwards he was really impressed with the quality of questions he was getting.Keep safe and well everyone, LisaHey, thanks for listening to the Canine Ed Podcast! You can find more about Canine Ed through our website or check in with us on Facebook and InstagramCanine Ed is dedicated to bringing great training for people and their dogs to the community. If you've enjoyed this podcast, please leave a review, so you can help share the news!Important Note: It's FREE to subscribe to the Canine Ed Podcast! New to podcasts? The basic concept is like listening to a radio channel where you get to select the topic! Instead of listening to music you don't like or getting worn down by talk radio, you can binge on Canine Ed episodes. You can even pause, rewind and even share your leisure! There are several online platforms where you can access The Canine Ed Podcast. My suggestion – go with the old trusty standby, iTunes. This app comes preinstalled on most iPhones and iPads. If you have an Apple iphone, follow these steps next to subscribe/download the podcast. Step 1. Click the Podcasts app and then click the magnifying glass in the bottom-right corner to Search. Step 2. Type “The Canine Ed Podcast” in the search bar at the top. Step 3. From ...