Podcasts about Dragonfly

This week we have a Full House, as Mike, Rich, Steve and Amanda join forces to tackle seven new releases. As usual, click the links to check out a trailer for each film. As soon as we discovered Tommy Wiseau's BIG SHARK was available on Tubi, we knew we had to check it out. Were we as charmed by it as The Room? Could we make head or tail of it? Take a listen! Writer/producer Tom Joliffe is an old compadre of the podcast, who moved on to bigger and better things! His latest production DEATH AMONG THE PINES (High Fliers) is directed by Nathan Shepka and deals with 3 people - a woman, an escaped convict and a policeman -  within a remote house... IN THE SHADOWS OF NUREMBERG (Signature Entertainment) is a Russian production about espionage and continued fighting against the backdrop of the Nuremberg Trials.... KINGHTFALL (101 Films) involves Ian Ogilvy and Geoffrey (son of Roger) Moore in an old-school spy thriller! MARSHMALLOW (Toy Robot Video) is a Summer camp Slasher, but, you know...for kids!  SWALLOWTAIL AND DRAGONFLY (Miracle Media) is a biopic about Chinese artist Lianxia Ziyi Zhou. and her journey through the decades... THE STRANGER (Trinity Content Partners) is another three-hander, about a mother and daughter opening an inn and taking on their first guest... Our Short Shot is TOMORROW GROUP, a short completely generated by AI. Click the link to check it out! The DTV Throwback is NINJA WARS, starring Hiroyuki Sanada and Sonny Chiba. Arrow Video are releasing the film on blu-ray (alongside Roaring Fire) via their new Toy Robot Video label, although we did find a copy online, HERE!

Hoy escuchamos: Dragonfly- Un beso y una flor, Firewind- The legend of Achilles, Gloryhammer- Warriors of Auchtermuchty, Reino de Hades- El eco de tu voz (con Ronnie Romero), Insomnium- Arch of the sky, Slipknot- Arsenal, Litost- Tifón, Jero Ramiro- Joker, Nightwish- Wishmaster, Stratovarius- Black diamond, Amorphis- Sky is mine, Children of Bodom- Towards dead end.Escuchar audio

Space Nuts: Dark matter clues, Saturn's new decagon, Mars and Titan missions.Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson cover a packed astronomy episode that moves from a tentative dark matter signal to a newly spotted ten sided storm pattern on Saturn. They also dig into two upcoming sample return style missions, one to Mars and one to Titan, before finishing with listener questions about Jupiter's Great Red Spot, solar missions, gravitational waves, and AI in astronomy.Key topicsIn this episode, Andrew and Fred discuss the Lux-Zeppelin underground detector result, where researchers saw a low-energy flash that might be consistent with dark matter, though the signal is still far short of discovery level.Fred explains why dark matter is inferred from galaxy rotation and gravitational lensing, and why direct detection experiments need to be buried deep underground and shielded from background noise.The discussion covers Fred's own migraine aura experience, including the zigzag visual pattern he describes as a brain-based phenomenon that affects both eyes.In this episode, they celebrate an outback astronomy success story involving Trevor Barry of Broken Hill, whose long-term Saturn observations helped connect amateur and professional work on planetary atmospheres.Fred explains Saturn's famous north polar hexagon and the newly reported south polar decagon, noting that the southern feature appears to have formed only since 2023.They cover China's Tianwen-3 Mars sample return plans, including the narrowing of candidate landing sites from 86 to 12 and the mission's focus on clay-rich terrain that may preserve signs of ancient life.Fred and Andrew also discuss NASA's Dragonfly mission to Titan, including the chosen region near Selk crater, the expected 3.3-year primary mission, and why Titan's dense atmosphere makes rotorcraft flight more practical there than on Mars.Timestamps00:00 - Pre-show timing and getting ready to go live00:49 - Welcome to Space Nuts and what's coming up02:23 - Fred joins the show and mentions recovering from knee surgery03:17 - First story: a possible dark matter detection at Lux-Zeppelin05:28 - Why dark matter is hard to detect directly06:56 - Underground detectors and the LZ experiment in South Dakota08:50 - The flash event and why it is only a hint, not a discovery11:44 - The 2.6 sigma result and what that means statistically13:55 - Trevor Barry and the discovery of Saturn's south polar decagon16:23 - Saturn's north polar hexagon and why the south is unusual17:49 - The decagon's possible recent formation and what comes next21:26 - China's Tianwen-3 Mars sample return mission23:40 - Candidate landing sites narrowed down and why clays matter25:20 - NASA's Dragonfly mission to Titan26:03 - Why the Titan landing region near Selk crater is scientifically interesting27:31 - Dragonfly's three point three year primary mission and Titan's chemistry29:09 - Listener shout-outs and wrapping the first halfBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/space-nuts-astronomy-insights-cosmic-discoveries--2631155/support.

In this Company Update, I am joined by Anthony Margarit, President and CEO of K2 Gold (TSX-V: KTO | OTCQB: KTGDF | FRA: 23K), to discuss the latest exploration drill results from the Dragonfly zone at the Mojave Project in California. Key discussion points include: High-Grade Step-Out Assays: A review of newly released drill intercepts extending mineralization 40 meters beyond previous drilling, headlined by broad, multi-gram gold intervals alongside ultra high-grade sub-intervals. Parallel Stacked Structures: How incoming drill data is confirming a series of predictable, parallel-stacked structural zones rather than a single isolated vein system, while clarifying the overall geometry at depth. Near-Surface Mineralization: The discovery of unexpected gold intervals starting right at the surface, how these correlate down-dip to high-grade hits, and what geochemical signatures like arsenic are revealing about systemic continuity. Program Momentum and Upcoming News Flow: An update on the broader 14,000-meter drill program as rigs move to the Newmont target area, alongside the expected turnaround times for pending lab assays.   If you have any follow up questions for Anthony please comment below or email me at Fleck@kereport.com.    Click here to visit the K2 Gold website - https://k2gold.com/     ------------------------- For more market commentary & interview summaries, subscribe to our Substacks:  The KE Report: https://kereport.substack.com/  Shad's resource market commentary: https://excelsiorprosperity.substack.com/   Investment disclaimer: This content is for informational and educational purposes only and does not constitute investment advice, an offer, or a solicitation to buy or sell any security or investment product. Investing in equities, commodities, really everything involves risk, including the possible loss of principal. Do your own research and consult a licensed financial advisor before making any investment decisions. Guests and hosts may own shares in companies mentioned.

Papa Burger from Dragonfly came in swinging. This flower is soft, sticky, and squishy enough to gum up your grinder, with a smell that starts funky and savory before opening into something sweeter, creamier, and more tropical.At 27.5% THC—with 1% CBG and 0.5% CBC—this is not a strain we'd tell newer consumers to attack like heroes. Go low and slow. For experienced consumers, though, Papa Burger delivers a calm, euphoric experience without completely stealing your focus. It feels heavy enough for relaxing, stretching, post-workout recovery, or winding down, while still leaving some creativity and awareness intact.We also get into:Papa Burger's Donny Burger × Papaya/Modified Bananas lineageIts funky, gassy, creamy, and tropical profileWhy sticky flower can preserve more of the experience you're looking forLimonene, beta-caryophyllene, and the entourage effectUsing temperature-controlled dry-herb vaporizersWhy different consumption methods fit different people and situationsFlower versus carts, distillates, concentrates, and isolatesHow overheating can ruin a cart—and why you don't need to hit that damn blinkerStorage, shelf life, and getting the most from your cannabisWhy asking your budtender about terpenes can help you shop smarterOur verdict: Papa Burger is absolutely worth trying. Just respect the potency, pay attention to how it makes you feel, and don't let somebody else's opinion keep you from exploring a new grower.Have you tried Papa Burger? Let us know what you thought.For adults of legal age only. This episode reflects our personal experiences and is not medical advice. Know your local laws and consume responsibly.Find everything in one place here:

South Africa's future isn't only found beneath our soil. Some of it is being designed in Stellenbosch and sent into space. Dragonfly Aerospace, founded by Bryan Dean and his colleagues in 2020, designs and builds sophisticated Earth-observation cameras and the satellites that carry them. It is an extraordinary South African business story, one built on decades of hard-won experience. South Africa developed valuable satellite engineering expertise around Stellenbosch University, but as projects ended and companies closed, that knowledge risked being lost to other industries. Bryan and his team saw an opportunity to keep the capability together and turn it into a sustainable product business.

The Nautical Edition: episode 391! We gaan het water op, tijdens de Wereldhavendagen. De opening van dit enorme event in Rotterdam is een spectaculaire landing van een NH90 op een marineschip. Bekijk de video via YouTube: youtu.be/FsNfTOXq_uc Onze royale studio is iconisch: het Koninklijk Jacht Piet Hein, vernoemd naar de beroemde zeeheld en ooit eigendom van Prins Bernhard en Koningin Juliana. Geert Wassink, secretaris van het bestuur van de Stichting Piet Hein, vertelt mooie en interessante verhalen over dit bijzondere stukje varende erfgoed. Menno Swart en vriend van de show Riekelt Pasterkamp vergeten ook de luchtvaart niet: de Dragonfly, family business bij United als dochter haar vader op de boordradio hoort en de Vakantiekoning heeft geen zin om de A-pier te openen op Schiphol. Een nieuwe game is geïnspireerd door het beruchte incident met de laagvliegende Embraers boven een stadion. Nederlandse stichting steunt Oekraïne met propeller-vliegtuigen: kap open en met een geweer Russische drones neerschieten. Drone-netten voor de Nederlandse pantserhouwitsers en de Landmacht bestelt een nieuwe mini-drone. Onze skipper Riekelt Pasterkamp vertelt honderduit over zijn favoriete schip in de Rotterdamse haven: de S.S. Rotterdam. En wat betekenen de letters DSS in de naam van het semi-marineschip Galatea, gehuurd door de marine van Damen? Ga snel luisteren. Te land, ter zee of in de lucht! Met dank aan: Birdman99 Aviation Weblog (kijk op Facebook) voor de geweldige video van NH90 en Stichting Piet Hein. Het schip is te huur voor besloten gezelschappen tot maximaal dertig personen. Je kunt ook vrijwilliger worden op Koninklijk jacht Piet Hein. Voor meer informatie ga naar stichtingpiethein.nl (00:00) Intro Piet Hein en de Zilvervloot (01:06) Verhalen over de Koninklijk jacht Piet Hein (02:47) Spectaculaire opening Wereldhavendagen met NH90 (03:13) Piet Hein was nationaal geschenk (06:00) NH90 gespot (07:36) Word vrijwilliger op de Piet Hein (09:29) Piet Hein: Feadship Heritage Fleet (11:42) Piet Hein bestaat 90 jaar in 2027 (13:42) De naam Piet Hein (15:01) Het doopbijltje van Juliana (16:54) De ontwerper van de Piet Hein (17:40) Royale gasten aan boord (18:57) Riekelt over de S.S. Rotterdam (20:15) De Vakantiekoning heeft geen zin in opening A-pier (21:13) Nog meer S.S. Rotterdam (21:52) Vader en dochter spreken elkaar via de boordradio (22:18) Met Embraers boven stadion vliegen in nieuwe game (23:21) Saai nieuws: nieuwe commandant EATC (23:31) Nederlandse stichting doneert vliegtuigen aan Oekraïne (24:07) Drone-netten voor pantserhouwitzers (24:31) Landmacht koopt mini-drone (24:56) DSS Galatea van de Koninklijke Marine (gehuurd van Damen) (25:55) Afsluit (26:26) En daar gaan we mee door, naar ons beste kunnen. Vragen, sponsorverzoeken of commentaar stuur je naar info@tmhc.nl of WhatsApp 06-38898624. Geproduceerd door Creative Sandbox van Menno Swart. Luister ook naar de ⁨Pantserbakken⁩ podcast over gepantserde VIP-auto's. PIET HEIN PIET HEIN PIET HEIN ZIJN NAAM WAS KLEIN

Lords: Erica Alex https://ludobloom.com/ Topics: Making friends with animals The 20 point platform of Count Binface The song NASA banned from space https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AKzLopYRauI You Are a Dragonfly & I Am Also a Dragonfly https://www.tumblr.com/apoemaday/722022939295367168/you-are-a-dragonfly-i-am-also-a-dragonfly Using text to organize thoughts A Tale About Digging a Hole https://store.steampowered.com/app/4210530/A_Tale_About_Digging_a_Hole__The_Official_Story_Novel/ Microtopics: Eating a bunch of chocolate. Carob vs. chocolate? Caffeinated soap. Why there's so much cherry juice in everything. What the Cranberries have to say about the Ocean Spray collective. Topic Lords is a Sometimes Food. Emergency Cat Wrangling. Identifying and naming individual squirrels. The kind of friendship you have to cultivate over 20,000 years. The skunk that keeps hanging out and taunting Roy. Licensed squirrels. What moral obligations possibly having a pet squirrel confers upon you. Texas skunks with fake IDs. Squirrely chipmunks. California's Argentine ant super colony. New hypotheses in immunity ecology. Tracking the ant colony outside your house and keeping a database of when each individual ant dies. The more we learn about the squirrels, the more they know about us. The weirdo who's always hanging around on the other side of the mirror. Failing the marshmallow test because you only wanted one marshmallow anyway. Trying to bat squirrels away from your sandwich on your first date with the squirrel lady. Reaming out the president of Belgium because you hate waffles. Count Binface of the Gremloids. Replacing Lord Buckethead when he retires, like the Dread Pirate Roberts. How dare you? I'm from outer space! A t-shirt of Margaret Thatcher worrying about Lord Buckethead. Arcade grabber games to be made fairer. How regulated are claw machines in Clacton? A narrow genre to appreciate if you like screaming. Mission control deciding the music that the astronauts wake up to. A committee of 30 people who decide what music to play at what volume to wake you up at 6:45am. Mission control shutting down Pink Pony Club right before all the astronauts are about to join in on the chorus. The American teenager who wrote most of Scots Wikipedia. Slurred yelps of the song's title. Whether a 2010 blog post is more plausible than a modern Facebook post. Interviewing 90-year-old Jack Lousma about Paralyzed, by the Legendary Stardust Cowboy. What if someone answers the phone at the fake pizza hotline? Roy vs. Fake Roy. Ducking out of reading the poem every time you can. Ducking out vs. weaseling out. Cutting the green air open with our sharp blue bodies simply by being there. Dragonflies that are effortlessly in the moment. A few sentences about what a dragonfly might experience. The implications of seeing a pond for the first time. Looking at the ocean and experiencing awe. (Not the same thing as enjoying it.) The realization that any time, the Pacific Ocean could decide to kill you no matter where you are. How Jim is going to mentally process the concept of ponds. The set of things that would have to be true for you to be able to solve this puzzle. Particularization. Inventing a puzzle solving process to play video games more efficiently and then using the same process to drive cold fusion. The fantasy of producing something meaningful. Art as a product vs. art as a process. Gathering ore and selling the ore for upgrades. PDF DLC.

CAPTION 1962Spaceflight Ventures and Saturn's Ten-Sided RingsBob Zimmerman covers several developments in aerospace, astronomy, and planetary science. SpaceX secured an exchange deal with Brownsville for a shipping port, while Blue Origin won a Mars communication satellite relay contract. Meanwhile, SpaceX's Dragon capsule leaked, and Sierra Space remains un-flown after a decade. In astronomy, NASA's Dragonfly mission to Titan named its landing site, and scientists using Hubble discovered a unique ten-sided cloud ring around Saturn's south pole. Finally, Ukraine's drone strikes on Russian rocket factories and Russia's failing satellite constellation highlight ongoing military conflicts in orbit. (7)

CAPTION 1926 HUNTINGDON BEACH,  CALIFORNIACONTENTS OF THE JOHN BATCHELOR SHOW, 9-4-2026.California Waves, Wildfires, and Financial DefaultsJeff Bliss reports on various events across California. Hurricane Marie has generated spectacular and dangerous waves at the Wedge in Newport Beach, drawing crowds but causing major beach erosion. Meanwhile, Monterey Countybattles the uncontained Timber and Placet wildfires in steep, inaccessible terrain. Infrastructure issues persist in Los Angeles, where temporary fixes address frequent water main breaks. A meat storage fire has left an odor and vermin, angering residents as waste is relocated. Lastly, Hollywood faces financial trouble, highlighted by Deutsche Bank's troubled loans and studios leaving California for cheaper, less-regulated states. (1)Voting Rules and Birthright Citizenship BattlesRichard Epstein discusses constitutional legal battles surrounding mail-in voting and birthright citizenship. On mail-in voting, the Trump administration asked the Supreme Court to allow postal restrictions preserving custody. Epstein believes the court will support this neutral federal regulation. On birthright citizenship, a Maryland judge blocked an executive order narrowing citizenship eligibility, calling it unconstitutional. Epstein critiques her historical reasoning but acknowledges the Chief Justice shares her view. He explores complexities including diplomatic immunity, territorial status, and whether the government can restrict pregnant foreign nationals from entry to prevent birthright citizenship tourism. (2)Canada and United States Trade NegotiationsConrad Black analyzes trade tensions between Canada and the United States, hoping cooler heads will prevail to avoid a trade war. Canada relies heavily on American trade, as US politicians face pressure from tight border state elections in Michigan and Ohio. Black outlines three major unresolved issues: Canadian content disputes in auto and truck manufacturing, Canadian trade deals with China, and American objections to French language packaging. Black urges a spirit of mutual compromise rather than table-pounding, emphasizing that both friendly nations ultimately stand to benefit from a swift resolution. (3)Lancaster County Economic Trends: Labor Day, Inflation, and Local RealitiesJim McTague and host John Batchelor discuss the economic landscape of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, ahead of Labor Day. Despite strong national jobs data—the US economy beat expectations by adding 162,000 jobs in August, prompting Wall Street to anticipate a Federal Reserve interest rate hike of a quarter point—rising Costco gasoline prices reveal the immediate pressure of inflation on local residents, surging to $4.03 per gallon from $3.93 a week prior and triggering long lines reminiscent of the 1970s fuel shortage. Meanwhile, local tourism remains strong and steady despite a highly rainy year that has occasionally caused uneven day-to-day retail activity, and the 100-year-old Charles family farm stand in East Petersburg boasts a thriving season, drawing polite crowds for exceptionally sweet corn and tomatoes despite excessive precipitation. Finally, McTague debunks false claims about the nearby industrial park's data center being noisy, noting it is actually quieter than typical lawnmowers or birds, with zero negative impact on adjacent property values or lifestyle. (4)Deterrence Essential Amid Treaty Oversight CrisesPeter Huessy discusses the modern challenges of nuclear deterrence and arms control treaties involving the United States, Russia, and China. A three-party treaty limiting overall warhead numbers is highly unlikely due to competing strategic interests. Banning specific destabilizing technologies, like multiple-warhead ICBMs or space-based weapons, is much more feasible. Huessy highlights Russia's persistent objectives of using nuclear blackmail to weaken NATO and dismantle American missile defense systems. China's absolute lack of transparency and Russia's evasion of inspections since 2020 require the United States to prioritize robust, active nuclear modernization to maintain deterrence. (5)Historical Myths Shape America's Divided IdentityDavid S. Reynolds, author of Two Ships: Jamestown 1619, Plymouth 1620, and the Struggle for the Soul of America, Part Two: Reynolds analyzes the historical and cultural myths shaping America's division. Pre-war, romanticized Southern fiction revived a Cavalier identity defending slavery, while Northern abolitionists drew on Puritan ideals. Though many used a two-ships metaphor—contrasting Jamestown's hierarchy with Plymouth's democracy—Abraham Lincolnrejected division, fighting for one nation founded on equality. After the war, Edward Pollard's book romanticized the plantation South as the Lost Cause, a myth later popularized by Hollywood. Reynolds also notes positive legacies, like Rhode Island Quaker abolitionist Moses Brown and early suffragists. (6)Oversight Loopholes in Saudi Nuclear DealHenry Sokolski outlines concerns regarding the unclassified but heavily redacted Saudi Arabian nuclear agreement. Government documents printed on September first reveal provisions for uranium enrichment up to twenty percent on Saudi territory. Crucially, the agreement limits atomic inspections to declared sites, presenting a loophole for covert parallel operations. Sokolski also addresses Iran's war crime accusations against the United States following a fatal off-target missile strike near the Strait of Hormuz. He attributes such tragic military targeting errors to outdated intelligence and the misuse of artificial intelligence to accelerate high-stakes decision-making in active war zones. (7)Spaceflight Ventures and Saturn's Ten-Sided RingsBob Zimmerman covers several developments in aerospace, astronomy, and planetary science. SpaceX secured an exchange deal with Brownsville for a shipping port, while Blue Origin won a Mars communication satellite relay contract. Meanwhile, SpaceX's Dragon capsule leaked, and Sierra Space remains un-flown after a decade. In astronomy, NASA's Dragonfly mission to Titan named its landing site, and scientists using Hubble discovered a unique ten-sided cloud ring around Saturn's south pole. Finally, Ukraine's drone strikes on Russian rocket factories and Russia's failing satellite constellation highlight ongoing military conflicts in orbit. (8)

In de vorige aflevering hadden we het over die grote Saturnusmaan, Titan. Ook bespraken we het in 2028 te lanceren Dragonfly ruimtevaartuig, dat onderzoek zal gaan doen op Titan. Er is echter nog wat meer te vertellen over Titan...Saturn's Moon Titan May Have 'Phantom Lakes' and Caves:https://www.space.com/saturn-moon-titan-phantom-lakes-caves.htmlTitan Sample Return Using In Situ Propellants:https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20210021697/downloads/TISR%20NIAC%20v6.0.pdfHumans to Titan:https://www.humans-to-titan.org/NASA Funds Spherical Flying Robots To Swarm Alien Caves On Saturn's Moon:https://hothardware.com/news/nasa-funds-spherical-flying-robots-to-swarm-alien-caves-on-saturns-moonDesign and Flight of an Ion-propelled Micro Hovercraft Leveraging Ground Proximity Effects:https://arxiv.org/html/2608.04343v1NASA funds spherical 'Aerobots' that could explore the caves of Saturn's moon Titan:https://www.space.com/technology/nasa-funds-spherical-aerobots-that-could-explore-the-caves-of-saturns-moon-titanSolid-state Propulsion for Autonomous Reconnaissance of Karst (SPARK):https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/stmd/niac/niac-studies/solid-state-propulsion-for-autonomous-reconnaissance-of-karst-spark/IONIC PLASMA THRUSTER | Making Simplest Ionic Thruster Engine:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tB8p-Ph-tBII built an IONIC PLASMA THRUSTER (Best Design):https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mnCmvxt2jn8Onderdelen: https://www.conrad.nl/nl/p/panasonic-ncr18650b-speciale-oplaadbare-batterij-18650-kabel-li-ion-3-7-v-3400-mah-1-stuk-s-1009506.htmlhttps://www.amazon.nl/-/en/3V-6V-400000V-Module-Voltage-Generator/dp/B07WSCVTF5https://www.amazon.nl/-/en/Generator-Inverter-Transformer-Ignition-Disassembled/dp/B09Z2DX41D/Ion thruster:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_thrusterDe Zimmerman en Space podcast is gelicenseerd onder een Creative Commons CC0 1.0 licentie.http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0

Amy Scott Rooker joins Kid to talk about her memoir My Mother Is a Dragonfly and the spiritual awakening that changed how she understood trauma, identity, grief, forgiveness, and her relationship with her late mother. They explore psychedelic experiences, consciousness, the stories we attach to who we are, learning to observe the mind instead of being controlled by it, and the mysterious dragonfly signs Amy began receiving after her mother's death.Connect with Amy Scott Rooker:Website: https://www.amyrooker.com/Substack - Unbroken Dragons: https://amyrooker.substack.com/Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/amyscottrooker/Buy the book: My Mother Is a Dragonflyhttps://www.amazon.com/Mother-Dragonfly-Amy-Scott-Rooker/dp/1967510369

After 20 years as a pediatrician, she stopped believing burnout meant she couldn't hack it. The problem was never her. In this episode, pediatrician and physician career development coach Gita Balakumar reframes burnout as a systemic burden wrongly blamed on the individual, and offers a different way to think about it. This episode is based on her article "What physicians and dragonflies share in resilience and agility," published on KevinMD. Drawing on the dragonfly, an insect revered across cultures for transformation and resilience, she explains why the demands of medicine ask physicians to keep evolving. You will hear why self-compassion is a foundation and not a luxury, how career coaching helps physicians name what they actually value, and why the idea that doctors just aren't resilient enough is a fallacy. Hear why she says the most resilient people in medicine still deserve compassion, and that seeking support is a strength, not a failure. Partner with me on the KevinMD platform. With over three million monthly readers and half a million social media followers, I give you direct access to the doctors and patients who matter most. Whether you need a sponsored article, email campaign, video interview, or a spot right here on the podcast, I offer the trusted space your brand deserves to be heard. Let's work together to tell your story. PARTNER WITH KEVINMD → https://kevinmd.com/influencer SUBSCRIBE TO THE PODCAST → https://www.kevinmd.com/podcast

Welcome back to Cannabis School! Today, Brandon and Jesse review Cheee of Bandits by Pure Plan, a mysterious Utah cannabis strain with an unusual name and an experience that is even harder to explain.Despite what the name suggests, this flower does not arrive with an overwhelming cheese aroma. Instead, it produces a surprisingly sweet smell that becomes even more impressive as the vaporizer begins warming. The first taste reminds the guys of stevia: undeniably sweet, slightly strange, and difficult to place.The flower reviewed contains roughly 20% THC, along with minor cannabinoids including CBC and CBG. Its labeled terpene profile includes beta-caryophyllene, limonene, linalool, myrcene, and humulene. Together, they create a sweet, peppery flavor that eventually develops a gentle “sweet heat” across the tongue and throat.The initial experience is bright, floaty, giggly, and physically relaxing. Colors seem more vibrant, the arms feel lighter, and Brandon notices that his sore shoulder is no longer demanding as much attention.As the session continues, however, Cheee of Bandits becomes more complicated. The bright beginning transitions into a strongly head-focused experience, with warmth and pressure around the top of the head. Brandon and Jesse also notice tension around the neck and jaw. It remains entertaining and silly, but neither host can identify a clear activity or purpose for it.Would it be good for watching a ridiculous movie and making your own commentary? Absolutely.Would we choose it for work, exercise, or focused creativity? Probably not.The guys experiment by adding GMO Cookies, hoping its relaxed euphoria will balance the experience. Unfortunately, the combination creates more jaw tension and proves that even two enjoyable strains can make a questionable team.The final verdict? Cheee of Bandits is not necessarily bad—it is just weird. Its aroma is incredible, the sweet-and-spicy flavor is memorable, and the opening effects are genuinely fun. The later head pressure makes it harder to recommend as an everyday strain, but curious sativa fans may enjoy trying something that does not feel like everything else on the shelf.Buying it on sale makes sense. Mixing it with GMO did not.In this episode:• Reviewing Cheee of Bandits by Pure Plan• A mysterious Utah cannabis strain• Approximately 20% THC with CBC and CBG• Caryophyllene, limonene, linalool, myrcene, and humulene• A sweet aroma that resembles stevia• Peppery flavor and gentle sweet heat• Bright, floaty, and giggly opening effects• Head pressure, neck sensations, and jaw tension• Using low heat to explore cannabis aroma• Why it may work for movies and social laughter• Mixing Cheee of Bandits with GMO Cookies• Why some cannabis combinations do not work• The need for better strain information in Utah• Pure Plan, Dragonfly, Betty, and Brand ZeroFind everything in one place here:

In deze aflevering hebben we het over NASA's 3.35 miljard dollar kostende Dragonfly missie naar Saturnus' maan Titan.Dragonfly:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragonfly_(Titan_space_probe)NASA Dragonfly:https://science.nasa.gov/mission/dragonfly/Saturn's Moon Titan May Have 'Phantom Lakes' and Caves:https://www.space.com/saturn-moon-titan-phantom-lakes-caves.htmlNASA's Dragonfly Clears Key Tests as Titan Rotorcraft Takes Shape:https://www.jhuapl.edu/news/news-releases/260709-dragonfly-clears-key-tests-as-assembly-comes-togetherDragonfly Phase B Mission Design:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/373256268_Dragonfly_Phase_B_Mission_DesignDe Zimmerman en Space podcast is gelicenseerd onder een Creative Commons CC0 1.0 licentie.http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0

As recent events in Ukraine, Russia, and Iran have clearly demonstrated, the nature of modern warfare is changing fast (think: drones). Canada will get left behind if it doesn't start innovating fast. And that could have not just a winning effect on its defence capabilities but also it's an opportunity to stimulate other industries. Host Stephen Marche explores the advent of drone warfare with Tim Mak, Kyiv-based publisher of The Counteroffensive; and Cameron Chell, a Canadian  aerospace and defence tech entrepreneur at Dragonfly, shares how the nascent Canadian drone industry can drive technological innovation, not just in the defence sphere but also in a multitude of other uses that will bolster the country's economy. Follow the Gloves Off podcast here: https://www.gloves-off.ca/season-2 Host: Stephen MarcheCredits: Tristan Capacchione (Senior Production Supervisor), Bruce Thorson (Senior Producer), Jesse Brown (Editor and Publisher)Special thanks: Dory Smith (Director of Advertising and Partnerships)Further Reading:Gloves Off Research, see EP. 205 for details about today's episodeCanadian Shield InstituteNext month on Off The Record we are back to our call-in show format. On Thursday August 27, 2026 we will be taking your calls on a new question:What do you wish you had known when starting school or what's a piece of advice you would give to someone starting school? Kindergarten, Middle school, High school, CEGEP, university, anything!The call-in period will be Thursday, August 27th, 4:30-6:30 PM ET. When the time comes, head over to https://callinstudio.com/show/canadaland. You can also dial in at 1-888-401-7056.Sponsors:Fizz: Visit https://fizz.ca and activate a first plan using the referral code CAN25 to get 40$ off and 10GB of free data.Squarespace: Check out https://squarespace.com/canadaland for a free trial, and when you're ready to launch use code canadaland to save 10% off your first purchase of a website or domain.BetterHelp: Visit https://betterHelp.com/canadaland today to get 10% off your first month.Can't get enough Canadaland? Follow @Canadaland_Podcasts on Instagram for clips, announcements, explainers and more.If you value this podcast, support us! You'll get premium access to all our shows ad free, including early releases and bonus content. You'll also get our exclusive newsletter, discounts on merch at our store, tickets to our live and virtual events, and more than anything, you'll be a part of the solution to Canada's journalism crisis, you'll be keeping our work free and accessible to everybody. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Haseeb Qureshi is the Managing Partner at Dragonfly, a crypto investment firm with roughly $4 billion under management. Dragonfly recently closed its fourth venture fund at $650 million.Prior to Dragonfly, Haseeb was a General Partner at MetaStable Capital, the crypto fund co-founded by Naval Ravikant and later acquired by Dragonfly. Before venture, he was a software engineer at Airbnb and Earn.com, and before that a top-10 globally ranked professional poker player.We spoke about digital dollars, nationalized banks, bubbles and speculation, Iran and BlackRock, jaywalking, and beanie babies.0:00 – Intro1:23 – What Happened to Crypto?3:18 – Stablecoins and Escape Velocity7:04 – Bitcoin, Gold, and the Generational Trade10:34 – War and Stores of Value15:06 – Retail, Nvidia, and Capital Flight18:23 – Stablecoins 10120:00 – Eurodollars, Venmo, and AI Agents23:00 – Dollarization and the Black Market25:28 – Banks, Airwaves, and the Balance of Power31:20 – Too Many Currencies36:11 – Institutions and Cypherpunks40:08 – Iran and BlackRock41:00 – Speculation and Bubbles43:12 – Prediction Markets and the Overton Window51:04 – Skin in the Game and the Rational Voter54:06 – Staying in Crypto57:13 – When Crypto VC Ends58:57 – What Would Change Haseeb's Mind on Crypto1:03:00 – What Should More People Be Thinking About?

On this episode, the guys discuss D23, House of the Dragon finale, Dragonfly friends, fall foods, and much more. Enjoy.

In this Company Update, I chat with Anthony Margarit, President and CEO of K2 Gold (TSX-V: KTO | OTCQB: KTGDF | FRA: 23K), to unpack the high-grade initial results from the fully funded 14,000-meter drill program at the Mojave Project in California. Initial High-Grade Assay Results: Anthony walks through the high-grade intercepts from the Dragonfly zone, explaining how these early holes confirm substantial near-surface grades and strong continuous mineralization across the structure. Stepping Out Across the East Side Trend: Discussion on current drilling shifts southward toward the Newmont target, expanding strike length, and testing under-explored corridor gaps. District-Scale Regional Targets: The exploration blueprint for untested property-wide zones, including the high-grade polymetallic Morningstar target and the prospective historic trenching at Flores. Corporate Balance Sheet & News Flow: An update on the company's well-funded treasury, turnaround times for remaining assays, and upcoming operational milestones.   If you have any follow up questions for Anthony please comment below or email me at Fleck@kereport.com.    Click here to visit the K2 Gold website.   ------------------------ For more market commentary & interview summaries, subscribe to our Substacks:  The KE Report: https://kereport.substack.com/  Shad's resource market commentary: https://excelsiorprosperity.substack.com/   Investment disclaimer: This content is for informational and educational purposes only and does not constitute investment advice, an offer, or a solicitation to buy or sell any security or investment product. Investing in equities, commodities, really everything involves risk, including the possible loss of principal. Do your own research and consult a licensed financial advisor before making any investment decisions. Guests and hosts may own shares in companies mentioned.

Matt dives into the results of his recent super shoe testing at Griffith University, comparing 12 of the best Chinese racing shoes before putting the leading models up against some of the biggest Western brands. Using laboratory running economy testing at 17 km/h, the results produced some major surprises - including a sub-US$100 Chinese shoe outperforming several of the world's most established super shoes. Matt Fox Links Coaching: https://sweatelitecoaching.com/matt-fox/ Supporters Club: https://sweatelite.co/supporters-club/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/mattinglisfox/ Strava: https://www.strava.com/athletes/6248359 Email: matt@sweatelite.co The Anta C202 G9 Edition 2 emerged as the best-performing Chinese shoe, ahead of the Li-Ning Feidian 6 Elite and Qiaodan Feiying Plaid 3.0. Matt breaks down the rankings, the impact price and expectations can have on perceived shoe performance, and just how much difference the right racing shoe could potentially make across a marathon. Matt also looks ahead to the Sydney Marathon, where he plans to attempt the world record for the fastest marathon run in jeans. He discusses the Australian Championships uniform rules, the maths behind breaking the 2:34:45 record, Sydney's challenging course, and why the record may be considerably harder than he initially expected. The episode finishes with Melbourne Marathon goals, the Fat Fox Method for managing body weight around marathon training, strength training, HYROX, longevity, an upcoming 5K attempt, and a preview of several upcoming podcast episodes. Episode Chapters 00:00 Podcast cold open 00:35 Why test super shoes 02:52 Lab testing setup 04:14 Chinese shoe rankings 04:49 Dragonfly hype check 06:19 Price and placebo 08:22 Third place surprise 10:14 Western shoe clues 11:59 Anta wins overall 12:54 Name confusion explained 14:49 Who this applies to 16:40 How big the gains 19:04 Cost and who should test 21:33 My marathon shoe history 23:22 Next race Sydney plans 24:20 Jeans Champs rules 25:57 Record maths reality 27:55 Sydney trip logistics 30:12 Melbourne dreams and Kipchoge 31:09 Fat Fox Method 34:23 Getting leaner safely 36:22 Gym, HYROX and longevity 40:57 Early mornings and wrap-up 42:07 Jeans and 5K prediction 44:14 Next content teasers

It is not every day that you share a lunch moment with a beautiful insect.

Learn firsthand from UCF Planetary Scientist Dr. Ryan Ogliore on the impact the Dragon Fly Mission will have on the entire science community.  Join Emmy award broadcast journalist David Denault as he asks the questions that you want answers.

My conversation with Rob Hadick.As General Partner at Dragonfly, Rob has one of the clearest views on how blockchain is evolving from speculative crypto into the actual infrastructure of global capital markets. In this episode we dig into why finance, payments, asset issuance, and markets are the only parts of crypto that are truly scaling and how the industry is quietly becoming TradFi's onchain upgrade.We spend a lot of time mapping traditional capital markets primitives directly onto blockchain rails and examining where value is actually going to accrue as tokenization, stablecoins, and onchain trading mature.At the center of the conversation is the belief that blockchain is no longer building a parallel financial system — it is becoming the settlement, issuance, and trading layer for the existing one, while crypto itself settles into a more mature “capital markets +” phase focused on real assets, institutional flows, and sustainable business models.We discuss:- The current state of crypto as capital markets infrastructure and the decline of pure speculative narratives- Why finance, payments, and tokenization are winning while most other crypto applications struggle- The architectural parallel between traditional capital markets and on-chain systems- Tokenized assets = Securities- Stablecoins = Cash / settlement- DEXs & on-chain venues = Exchanges- Prediction markets = Information markets- Why institutions are moving on-chain and what they actually want (control, privacy, segregated markets)- Token vs equity: where value accrues in a non-Clarity Act world- The mass extinction event in crypto VC and why Dragonfly is doubling down on financial infrastructure- Stablecoins, RWAs, and the real path to “tokenization of everything”- Prediction markets (and why Polymarket matters) as the next interface layer- Sustainable business models and where value will ultimately captureTimestamps:0:00 – Introduction & State of Crypto as Capital Markets2:00 – Why Speculative Narratives Are Fading7:00 – Finance, Payments & Tokenization as the Only Scaling Verticals12:00 – Institutional Adoption & What Wall Street Actually Wants18:00 – Token vs Equity Value Accrual25:00 – Blockchain as the New Settlement & Issuance Layer35:00 – Prediction Markets, Information & the Next Interface45:00 – Crypto VC Consolidation & Dragonfly's Thesis55:00 – Real-World Assets, Stablecoins & On-Chain Markets1:05:00 – Closing Thoughts: Where Value Accrues NextEnjoy!

Travel through the cosmos with Idaho Matters as we follow the Space Robots across the universe!

Greg Harmon, founder and president at Dragonfly Capital Management, says the market's bounce this week is a potential sign that the market's next move higher could be starting now. Harmon says the market is broadening out, and has come through "a great earnings season," creating "a strong market, fundamentally and technically." Harmon sees some potential problems, but he says that the market's ability to shrug off bad news will get helped out as some of those worrisome events get solved and fall by the wayside; that leaves him looking at a strong finish to the year for the market, and a good start to 2027 barring "an unexpected crisis." Rob Shaker, portfolio manager at Shaker Financial Services — which uses a discount-capture strategy with closed-end funds — says that he's seen a lot of "good widenings" of discounts as the market returned to peak levels. A good widening is one where a fund's net asset value goes up more than the price of the closed-end fund itself. It happens when markets get volatile and indexes pull up faster than closed-end funds can move, creating attractive buying opportunities.  In the Other Interview on today's show, James Barra, head of content and research at BrokerListings.com, discusses "Financial Literacy in the TikTok Era: Who Should You Trust," a research paper the site published that took a scientific approach to looking at the financial information on TikTok. Barra says that there's a wide range of content, but an alarming amount of it is "potentially problematic, high risk and largely untrustworthy." Over 70 percent of creators on TikTok have no clear background in financial services and no relevant qualifications and about two-thirds of the content failed to disclose downsides to the advice, conflicts of interest the creator has and more.

Haseeb Qureshi breaks down why crypto markets have become numb to CLARITY Act headlines, and explains why Western Union partnering with Dragonfly portfolio company Rain signals stablecoins are already eating into legacy payment margins. He also makes the case that tokenized deposits are "basically uninteresting" compared to stablecoins, and questions whether Tempo's Open USD consortium is a real commitment or just a free option for its backers.Haseeb Qureshi is a Managing Partner at Dragonfly, a leading digital assets venture capital firm with investments spanning stablecoins, infrastructure, and consumer crypto applications.The Rollup is where the leaders of digital assets and finance converge. Live from the financial capital of the world.Timestamps:00:00 Markets Are Sluggish 08:15 Western Union Bets On Rain12:23 Tokenized Deposits Vs Stablecoins17:56 Real Innovation Vs Fake Crypto23:13 Is Open USD Just A Free Option26:21 Stripe's Not Betting That Hard35:07 Why Rain Could Be EnormousGuest Socials:Haseeb X: https://x.com/hosseebDragonfly X: https://x.com/dragonfly_xyzDragonfly Website: https://www.dragonfly.xyz/Partners: If you run concentrated liquidity positions you know the grind. Price moves, you're out of range, you're rebalancing at, like, 3am. 1inch Aqua lets you take a different approach. You can stack multiple positions on the same token balance instead of babysitting a dozen pools, and your tokens never leave your wallet. Your liquidity stays awake, so you can catch up on your sleep. Check it out at https://1inch.com/aqua---Dinari - Over 230 1:1 backed tokenized stocks, ETFs & more with dividends. US-based SEC transfer agent. Available on 5+ chains & via API. https://dinari.com/---Relay is the fastest and most reliable way to swap any token on any chain. Learn more here: https://relay.link/bridge---Zama is an open source cryptography company that builds state-of-the-art Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) solutions for blockchain.Learn more here: https://www.zama.org/---

Bob Zimmerman notes the Deep Space Network facility in Spain narrowly avoided destruction by wildfires, highlighting the fragility of planetary communication nodes. Beyond Earth, astronomers have observed a precipitous drop in star formation within the Andromeda galaxy as it moves toward an eventual collision with the Milky Way. Additionally, NASA's Dragonfly mission to Titan faces potential power shortages from its nuclear sources. Despite these risks, commercial space continues to expand into private stations. (16)1958

SCHEDULE FOR THE JOHN BATCHELOR SHOW, 7-29-26.1885  CHILE STEEL SIDED WARSHIPRebecca Grant and Gordon Chang report China is escalating provocations against the Philippines and Japan, including dangerous maneuvers near Second Thomas Shoal and firing missiles from submarines. Grant highlights the US Navy's preparedness to defend allies, noting a "red line" if Filipino sailors are killed. Despite China's permanent presence, the US maintains dominance through carrier strike groups and superior undersea warfare. The lack of operational officers on China's Central Military Commission suggests potential command risks. (1)Rick Fisher and Gordon Chang discuss reports that China is transferring hundreds of advanced QW-12 and FN-16 man-portable air-defense systems (MANPADS) to Iran via Hong Kong intermediaries. Fisher warns this poses a significant threat to US aircraft in the Strait of Hormuz. Chang advocates for reimposing sanctions on Hong Kong. The transfer, which China denies, represents a major escalation and highlights China's ongoing role in arming US adversaries like North Korea and Pakistan. (2)Charles Burton and Gordon Chang note Xi Jinping broke tradition by skipping the 50th anniversary of the devastating Tangshan earthquake, sending a surrogate instead. Burton suggests this absence may signal political instability or paranoia regarding his domestic standing. The earthquake historically symbolizes a loss of the "mandate of heaven." Furthermore, vacancies on the Central Military Commission and the mysterious death of former Premier Li Keqiangindicate profound internal disarray and a lack of clear succession. (3)Charles Burton and Gordon Chang discuss how trade tensions and rhetoric from the US have led to increased disdain among Canadians toward their neighbor. Burton discusses a poll showing Canadians view China more favorably than the US due to perceived economic threats from American tariffs. While the integrated North American market remains strong, Canadian provincial governments are reportedly restricting US alcohol sales. There are even suggestions that Canada should adopt "resistance" strategies similar to Ukraine. (4)Evan Ellis reports Keiko Fujimori has been inaugurated as Peru's president, appointing a respected center-right cabinet focused on fiscal discipline and US alignment. However, she faces challenges from endemic insecurity, corruption, and significant Chinese investment. Meanwhile, the influence of Cuba remains a concern across Latin America, with accusations of espionage and interference in democratic processes. Díaz-Canel's regime is under pressure from the Trump administration, potentially facing coercive negotiations or military action. (5)Evan Ellis previews Brazil's upcoming October election, which pits the leftist Lula da Silva against Flavio Bolsonaro, son of the former president. While Lula currently leads in polls, his Workers' Party background and ties to the São Paulo Forum raise concerns about radicalism and increased engagement with China. Ellis warns that a Lula victory could lead Brazil into a recession and a state-centric social policy, potentially settling political scores while lacking necessary financial resources. (6)Evan Ellis surveys shifting political landscapes: Javier Milei is rallying support for the Bolsonaros in Brazil, highlighting a new era of cross-border political interference. In Colombia, President-elect Abelardo de la Espriella is signaling a pro-US shift by cutting ties with Cuba and Nicaragua. Conversely, Venezuela remains in a "holding pattern" under Delcy Rodríguez. Despite reports of crumbling oil infrastructure, major investment is unlikely until a legitimate government is established to address the nation's $240 billion debt. (7)Evan Ellis notes President Claudia Sheinbaum has seen success in reducing homicides and cooperating on border security, but deep-seated corruption persists. The USMCA's future is uncertain, with the Trump administration using ongoing negotiations as leverage. Additionally, China is quietly expanding its presence in Mexico's telecom and automotive sectors. Sheinbaum must navigate a delicate balance: pursuing economic diversification and relationships with China without jeopardizing critical access to the US market. (8)Michael Bernstam reports Ukrainian drone strikes on Russian refineries have severely pinched Moscow's fuel production, forcing it to import refined products from India. Bernstam argues that the conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East have merged into a singular global energy crisis. With critical chokepoints like the Strait of Hormuz and the Red Sea threatened, a quarter of the world's oil supply is endangered. As governmental reserves dwindle, the US has become a primary exporter. (9)Michael Bernstam notes official statistics reveal the Russian economy has entered a state of stagnation, with GDP growth at a mere 0.2% for the first half of 2026. While weapons production remains high, the civilian economy—including agriculture and construction—is in recession. Bernstam notes that "perceived inflation" for Russian consumers is roughly 15%, significantly higher than official reports. Reckless interest rate cuts have further invited inflation, signaling a deepening commercial and fiscal crisis. (10)Sadanand Dhume observes that despite having a vast pool of engineers and data, India lags behind the US and China in developing frontier AI models. Dhume discusses the "winner-take-all" fear versus the belief that AI technology will eventually diffuse globally. While the Indian government is investing in semiconductors, many IT sector jobs in coding and back-office support are threatened by automation. The debate continues over whether India can successfully reap benefits without being a front-runner. (11)Sadanand Dhume examines India's "reservations" system, a rigid quota-based affirmative action program facing intense criticism for undermining university competitiveness. Originally intended to redress historical caste-based wrongs, quotas have expanded to cover roughly 60% of medical school seats. Dhume notes that while merit-based systems in Chinaprovide a brutal but efficient benchmark, Indian political parties fear touching the quota system would be "electoral suicide." This policy has entrenched caste identities. (12)General Blaine Holt analyzes reports of China supplying advanced shoulder-launched missiles (MANPADS) to Iran via Hong Kong and Pakistan, signaling a major geopolitical shift. Holt explains that while these weapons threaten low-flying aircraft, the supply chain is vulnerable to intelligence interdiction. Holt observes that recent Iranian escalations in Iraq and the Gulf suggest a fragmented leadership in disarray rather than a cohesive strategy. The US and Saudi Arabiaare actively striking Iranian-backed militias. (13)Mary Anastasia O'Grady reports that following a narrow election victory, center-right businessman Abelardo de la Espriella faces fierce opposition from outgoing President Gustavo Petro. Petro, a former M19 terrorist, has refused to recognize the results, alleging fraud and foreign interference. De la Espriella plans to take a hard line against illegal armed groups like the ELN and FARC. To build support, he intends to hold his inauguration at a military garrison, signaling a commitment to restoring national security. (14)Bob Zimmerman reports SpaceX's 13th Starship Super Heavy launch was a major success, demonstrating the reliability of Raptor 3 engines and the thermal protection system. Zimmerman highlights the shift toward a "capitalism model," where private companies manage missions for NASA. Meanwhile, a schizophrenic GAO report on NASA's workforce reductions suggests that budget cuts have not significantly impacted major projects, despite agency officials' claims that funding decreases are "disastrous." (15)Bob Zimmerman notes the Deep Space Network facility in Spain narrowly avoided destruction by wildfires, highlighting the fragility of planetary communication nodes. Beyond Earth, astronomers have observed a precipitous drop in star formation within the Andromeda galaxy as it moves toward an eventual collision with the Milky Way. Additionally, NASA's Dragonfly mission to Titan faces potential power shortages from its nuclear sources. Despite these risks, commercial space continues to expand into private stations. (16)Corrections applied: Rick Fisher (transcribed as "Fischer" in segment 2 — matching the spelling from your earlier batch), Delcy Rodríguez, Díaz-Canel, and São Paulo Forum with accents. Also standardized "man-pads" to MANPADS and hyphenated the QW-12/FN-16 designations. Stray double commas from the source cleaned throughout.5

If you listened to Moody Radio through the years, you know one of the distinctives was the radio drama created. We will welcome back Big Jim, Just Plain Bill, and Dragonfly—members of the Sugar Creek Gang. We'll go from Stories of Great Christians to Ranger Bill and beyond. What's the drama you remember hearing on Moody Radio? Our guests include Jon Gauger, Kim Rasmussen, Larry Shackley, and Lisa Helm. Don't miss the fun on Chris Fabry Live. Featured resource:Listen to The Sugar Creek GangListen to Treasures of the SnowListen to Sailor SamListen to Little Pilgrim's ProgressWebsite: Celebrating 100 Years of Moody Radio July thank you gift:This is Moody Radio: 100 Years of Proclaiming the Gospel by Kevin Mungons and Phil Shappard Chris Fabry Live is listener-supported. To support the program, click here.Become a Back Fence Partner: https://moodyradio.org/donateto/chrisfabrylive/partnersSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Algumas das luas de Júpiter e Saturno têm sido objetos de interesse da astrobiologia há tempos. Novas missões estão a caminho para explorar alguns desses satélites e procurar  condições de habitabilidade que podem estar em grandes oceanos debaixo da superfície. Aqui na Terra, o estudo de organismos que vivem e se reproduzem em ambientes considerados extremos, os extremófilos, pode ajudar a entender como a vida pode se adaptar a condições de temperatura extremamente baixa, entre outros estressores. Para tratar do tema, o repórter Danilo Albergaria conversou com as pesquisadoras Amanda Bendia e Maria Eduarda Nascimento, ambas do Instituto Oceanográfico da USP, Rosaly Lopes, da NASA e Douglas Galante, do Instituto de Geociências, também da USP. Este é o terceiro episódio de uma série produzida pelo Danilo, com apoio do Programa Mídia Ciência, da FAPESP. _________________ Roteiro Danilo: Nos dois primeiros episódios do podcast Oxigênio dedicados à astrobiologia, falamos da busca por vida em exoplanetas e em Marte. Desde os anos 60, Marte foi o objeto que mais capturou as atenções dos cientistas interessados em entender se a vida pode ter surgido e  persistido em outros lugares do sistema solar. Mas esse panorama tem mudado nas últimas décadas. Desde as missões Galileo e Cassini, algumas das luas que orbitam Júpiter e Saturno entraram no rol de mundos com potencial de oferecer condições habitáveis à vida como a conhecemos. Novas missões espaciais estão a caminho ou em fase final de preparação para explorar algumas das luas dos gigantes gasosos. Entre os seus objetivos está entender melhor as potenciais condições de habitabilidade nos grandes oceanos debaixo da superfície dessas luas – ou seja, os cientistas querem saber se esses lugares oferecem condições suficientes para que seres vivos sobrevivam. Nesse episódio, eu entrevistei quatro cientistas que trabalham direta ou indiretamente com isso. Com eles, vamos explorar o que sabemos – e o que ainda não sabemos – sobre as luas geladas do sistema solar. Será que pode existir vida nesses lugares? É isso o que muita gente que pesquisa astrobiologia quer saber. [Vinheta] Danilo: Algumas das missões mais importantes da exploração espacial do presente e do futuro próximo estão destinadas às luas de Júpiter e Saturno. Vamos falar primeiro das que vão explorar a vizinhança de Júpiter.  A sonda JUICE, acrônimo para “explorador das luas geladas de Júpiter” em inglês, foi lançada pela ESA (a agência espacial europeia) em 2023 para explorar Ganimedes, Calisto e Europa, três das quatro luas de Júpiter chamadas de galileanas. O quarteto foi observado pela primeira vez há mais de 400 anos por Galileu Galilei. A não ser pela nossa própria Lua, nenhuma lua do sistema solar é visível a olho nu. Galileu foi o primeiro a observar as luas de Júpiter usando um telescópio, invenção recente que tinha sido aprimorada por ele. As luas galileanas de Júpiter são relativamente grandes. Embora ainda sejam objetos bem menores do que a Terra, Ganimedes e Calisto são um pouco maiores do que a nossa Lua, enquanto a  Europa é um pouco menor. A quarta lua, a Io – um verdadeiro inferno vulcânico, e que não estava no radar de estudos da missão de 2023 como as demais, é praticamente do mesmo tamanho da nossa Lua.  A JUICE está a caminho do sistema joviano, ou seja, Júpiter e suas luas, mas ainda se encontra na vizinhança da Terra. Ela deve se aproximar de novo de nós para pegar embalo com a gravidade do nosso planeta, que vai estilingar a sonda para o sistema solar externo. A JUICE deve chegar aos arredores de Júpiter em julho de 2031. Outra sonda, a Europa Clipper, da NASA, foi lançada em outubro de 2024 para investigar, como o nome sugere, a lua Europa, a mais interessante das luas de Júpiter. A estilingada da Europa Clipper, ao passar perto da Terra, vai acontecer um pouco depois da passagem da JUICE – vai ser em dezembro de 2026, mas a Clipper deve chegar antes à vizinhança de Júpiter, em abril de 2030. A Clipper vai orbitar Júpiter e passar bem pertinho da superfície de Europa umas 50 vezes. Além das duas missões ocidentais, a China está planejando lançar uma sonda em 2029 para chegar a Júpiter em 2035 e explorar as luas Calisto e Ganimedes. Por que tanto interesse nessas grandes luas de Júpiter? Como eu já indiquei no começo do episódio, existem muitos indícios e evidências indiretas de que Europa, Calisto e Ganimedes têm enormes oceanos debaixo de uma espessa superfície gelada. A estimativa é de que cada uma dessas três luas tenha corpos de água líquida maiores do que todos os oceanos terrestres. Conversei sobre isso com o Douglas Galante, professor do Instituto de Geociências da USP e um dos pioneiros da astrobiologia no Brasil – ele é vice-coordenador do AstroLab, da USP, o primeiro laboratório dedicado à pesquisa em astrobiologia no país, fundado em 2011 por Douglas, pelo químico Fabio Rodrigues, atual coordenador do laboratório, e pelo Ivan Paulino-Lima, que hoje é pesquisador na NASA. Douglas: Uma coisa sempre interessante quando a gente pensa nessas luas geladas que eu sempre falo é que a gente adora falar que a Terra é o planeta água, algo que ficou popularizado, e a gente esquece de pensar que nessas luas de Júpiter e Saturno a gente tem mais água do que aqui na Terra. É em cada uma delas. Então a gente é muito presunçoso. Europa, os modelos mostram que ela pode ter um oceano de 100 quilômetros de profundidade. A gente não consegue imaginar o que são 100 quilômetros. O ponto mais profundo aqui na Terra, da Fossa das Marinas, são 11 quilômetros. Imagina 10 vezes mais. Danilo: Ganimedes, a maior lua de todo o sistema solar, deve ter um oceano seis vezes maior do que todos os oceanos da Terra combinados. Mas esses enormes corpos de água líquida não estão na superfície das luas, e sim debaixo de superfícies congeladas que podem chegar a centenas de quilômetros de espessura. Júpiter está cinco vezes mais distante do Sol do que a Terra, e o frio a essa distância do Sol impossibilita a existência de água líquida na superfície das luas. O Douglas chamou a atenção para o fato de que essas luas estendem possível habitabilidade para além da região em que a Terra orbita, mais próxima do Sol e que permite água líquida na superfície. Douglas: Mas o que eu acho super interessante, que eu sempre coloco, é que as luas dão um indicativo de habitabilidade que é maior do que a gente conhecia. Quando a gente olha os conceitos de habitabilidade tradicionais, que definem a zona de habitabilidade estelar, que é a presença de água líquida na superfície, as luas são ambientes crípticos que obtêm energia para manutenção da água líquida a partir da interação gravitacional com seus planetas hospedeiros. Danilo: Ok, mas se a superfície é gelada demais para ter água líquida, como esses oceanos podem existir? A explicação é a seguinte: o decaimento radioativo dos elementos que formam o núcleo das luas gera calor considerável de forma mais ou menos constante, parecido com o que acontece com o núcleo da Terra. Mas isso é só parte da explicação. Entra, então, o chamado “aquecimento de maré”. Conforme a lua se desloca na órbita do planeta gigante, a atração gravitacional do planeta não é uniforme: como a órbita não é circular, mas elíptica (ou “ovalada”), as luas às vezes estão um pouco mais perto e às vezes um pouco mais longe do planeta. Isso produz um efeito de “estica e puxa” que estica e comprime a lua, e isso gera calor entre as suas camadas internas. Também entra aí o fato de que as órbitas de Ganimedes, Io e Europa estão em ressonância, ou seja, enquanto a Io completa uma volta, a Europa completa duas, e a Ganimedes, quatro, o que aumenta a excentricidade de suas órbitas (ou seja, estica um pouco a elipse). Nesse processo, a própria variação na distância entre as luas gera uma interação gravitacional que contribui para o efeito de aquecimento de maré. Além disso, a provável presença de sais nos oceanos faz com que o ponto de congelamento diminua, mantendo a água em estado líquido. A JUICE e a Europa Clipper serão importantes para entender melhor as superfícies das luas e colher dados indiretos que indiquem algumas características desses oceanos, incluindo informações sobre se eles oferecem condições habitáveis para a vida como a conhecemos. Água líquida é uma das condições necessárias. Mas como os cientistas vão fazer para saber o que mais pode haver nesses oceanos?  [Música] Danilo: Para entender como os cientistas vão fazer para saber mais sobre as luas geladas, eu conversei com a Rosaly Lopes, que é diretora de ciências planetárias do JPL, o Laboratório de Propulsão a Jato da NASA. Ela teve atuação importante na missão Galileo, que explorou as luas de Júpiter entre 1995 e 2003.  Rosaly: Eu trabalhei na missão Galileo e a missão Galileo foi que descobriu que a Ganimedes e a Europa tinham oceanos de água líquida debaixo de uma crosta de gelo, principalmente Europa. Aí o pessoal fica muito entusiasmado porque Europa, nós sabemos que tem calor no interior, tem sinais de criovulcanismo, criovulcanismo é o vulcanismo que traz essa água líquida do interior para a superfície. E são três coisas essenciais para existir vida, vida como a nossa: água, energia, como calor, como vulcanismo, e material orgânico. Nós não sabemos muito sobre o material orgânico em Europa. Sabemos mais em Encélado e Titã, por exemplo. Eu também trabalhei na missão Cassini. Mas a missão que está indo agora para a Europa vai estudar justamente os depósitos da superfície para ver se é material orgânico ou não. Danilo: Encélado e Titã são luas de Saturno, e a Cassini foi a missão da NASA que explorou o sistema saturniano entre 2004 e 2017. Vamos falar delas daqui a pouco. Por ora, o que a Rosaly falou sobre possível criovulcanismo (ou vulcanismo gelado) em Europa é importante porque pode ser um dos mecanismos pelos quais parte do oceano do interior poderia ser expelida em enormes plumas de vapor de água e gelo. Não é algo completamente diferente de vulcões expelindo o magma do manto terrestre para a superfície. A Europa Clipper carrega instrumentos capazes de fazer medições que vão ser usadas para distinguir se essas plumas contêm material vindo do oceano profundo ou de pequenos reservatórios mais próximos da superfície. As pistas de criovulcanismo na superfície incluem anomalias de temperatura em determinadas regiões – mais quentes do que o esperado – além da presença de características que lembram fluxos de erupções ou de derretimento de geleiras aqui na Terra. Aliás, junto com a ausência de crateras de impacto de grande porte, isso indica que a superfície de Europa é jovem, devendo ter entre 50 e 100 milhões de anos. Em comparação, a superfície de Marte e da nossa Lua, formadas há bilhões de anos, tem muitas dessas grandes crateras, o que indica que a superfície não se renova. Ao examinar a superfície de Europa com a Clipper, os cientistas vão poder fazer inferências sobre seu interior. Mas a sonda não vai pousar na superfície da lua. Em vez disso, ela vai orbitar Júpiter e fazer 44 rasantes sobre Europa.  Douglas: Na verdade, ela não vai nem orbitar a Lua, ela vai ficar fazendo flybys em volta da Lua, vai fazer rasantes na Lua, e quando ela faz esses rasantes, ela faz uma série de imagens de alta resolução, faz medidas espectroscópicas para medir a composição, mas ela não vai, de fato, acessar diretamente o potencial oceano líquido que existe ali debaixo. E daí todo mundo pergunta, mas porque a gente não simplesmente pousa na superfície da Lua, faz um furo, mede a água e vê o que tem ali e pega um atum europeano, sei lá. Então isso é uma coisa complicada, porque o oceano de Europa tem 100 km de profundidade. A crosta, a gente fala que é uma crosta fina, mas fina, de 10 km de espessura. A gente tem que lembrar que as calotas polares aqui no nosso planeta têm de 4 a 4,5 quilômetros de profundidade.  Danilo: Pesquisadores estão explorando a potencial habitabilidade de oceanos de subsuperfície das luas analisando os seres vivos encontrados em condições muito adversas, extremas. A Amanda Bendia é professora do Instituto Oceanográfico da USP e coordenadora do ExtreMar, o Laboratório de Extremófilos Marinhos do instituto. Extremófilos são microrganismos capazes de viver em condições extremas e a Amanda é especialista em extremófilos marinhos de ilhas vulcânicas da Antártida. Lá existem fumarolas submarinas habitadas por micróbios adaptados a um ambiente com variação extrema de temperatura. Ela destaca o problema de conceber como microrganismos poderiam se adaptar às pressões muito altas que o oceano de Europa deve ter.  Amanda: Aqui na Terra, falando de extremófilos, a gente já encontrou vida nos mais extremos possíveis, desde a profundidade máxima do oceano até a mais alta atmosfera. Só que a profundidade máxima do nosso oceano é perto de 11 quilômetros, que fica naquela região das fossas marianas. Em Europa, é estimado que o ponto mais fundo seja ali perto de 100 quilômetros, então é 10 vezes quase mais profundo do que a nossa maior profundidade. Então, é um desafio a gente tentar entender como uma forma de vida ali poderia sobreviver a uma alta pressão como essa. Danilo: A Maria Eduarda Nascimento é doutoranda orientada pela Amanda, também no Instituto Oceanográfico da USP. A pesquisa dela envolve criar modelos computacionais para entender como possíveis comunidades de microrganismos poderiam subsistir no interior de oceanos de subsuperfície de luas geladas por meio de quimiolitoautotrofia – que é um nome sofisticado para descrever como alguns micróbios aqui na Terra se alimentam de compostos inorgânicos – como minerais e rochas – sem precisar de oxigênio e da luz do Sol. Os oceanos das luas geladas podem estar em contato com um interior quente e isso, dependendo dos elementos e compostos disponíveis, pode sustentar vida microbiana quimiolitoautotrófica. A gente vai falar disso daqui a pouco, porque a Maria também conversou comigo sobre alguns dos instrumentos da Europa Clipper. Maria: Ela tem o REASON, que é um radar para ver o quão grande é essa crosta de gelo e a estrutura. Ele tem um magnetômetro que é pela deformação no campo magnético que a gente sabe que tem um oceano, que a água salgada do mar acaba mexendo nesse campo eletromagnético, que a gente sabe que os elétrons da água salgada criam essa deformação no campo. Então a gente tem esse, que daí vai dizer quanto profundo é, vai dizer quão realmente muito profundo é. Qual é a salinidade? Vai ter um espectrômetro de massa também na Europa Clipper, então vai analisar esses gases na atmosfera por espectrometria. Danilo: A Clipper não vai ter como procurar diretamente por sinais de vida, buscando bioassinaturas, mas vai ser capaz de colher dados que vão poder indicar se o oceano é habitável ou não. Morando há décadas nos Estados Unidos, a Rosaly fala das bioassinaturas no inglês, biosignatures. Ela também falou sobre alguns dos instrumentos da Europa Clipper. Rosaly: Tem um que nós chamamos MASPEX, que é um espectrômetro de massa. Ele vai poder analisar gases perto de Europa. Se tiver pluma trazendo material do interior, isso vai ser uma beleza. Se não tiver pluma, aí depende de quanto material deve ter saído do interior. Também tem um Surface Dust Analyzer, que pode analisar partículas de poeira, dust é poeira. E existem sempre em todos os planetas e luas pequenos impactos de micrometeoritos e que estão colocando para fora partículas da superfície de Europa. Então, esse instrumento vai analisar a composição dessas partículas. E também, se tiver pluma no interior, colocando material para a superfície, também esse instrumento vai ser muito importante.  Nós vamos saber, por exemplo, mais sobre a espessura da crosta de gelo, se tem plumas trazendo material do interior para a superfície, se tem depósitos dentro da crosta de gelo que são, digamos, líquidos, que em vez de estar abaixo no oceano, estão mais perto da superfície. Está saindo algum material e nós sabemos que tem composição e cor diferente em umas regiões que chamam de Chaos Terrains, regiões caóticas, onde mais material veio do interior. E poder analisar a composição desse material, se tem material orgânico ou não. Então, [a sonda] vai também nos dizer muito mais sobre a lua Europa. Mas não é uma missão para detectar a vida, nem biosignature. Danilo: Diferentemente da Clipper, a JUICE (lançada pela ESA, a agência espacial europeia) não vai prospectar somente Europa, mas também Ganimedes e Calisto. Na verdade, o foco principal da missão da agência espacial europeia é a maior lua de todo o sistema solar, Ganimedes, a única que tem campo magnético próprio. A sonda vai orbitar essa grande lua, mirando entender sua estrutura interna, buscando mais informações sobre a extensão de sua crosta gelada, o volume de seu oceano, e caracterizar seu campo magnético. A sonda também vai fazer rasantes sobre Europa e Calisto para identificar locais mais interessantes para o pouso de futuras missões. O objetivo declarado da missão é entender as condições de habitabilidade oferecidas pelas três luas jovianas. Mas, claro, as luas de Júpiter não são as únicas que interessam para a astrobiologia. [Música] Danilo: Orbitando Saturno estão dois mundos que vêm chamando a atenção dos pesquisadores interessados na busca por vida fora da Terra há décadas: Titã e Encélado. Titã é a maior lua de Saturno – no sistema solar, ela só é menor do que a Ganimedes. Vamos falar de Titã daqui a pouco. Encélado é uma lua pequena – ela ainda tem tamanho mais do que suficiente para, com a própria gravidade, ter se tornado um objeto redondo, mas tem 15% do diâmetro da nossa Lua. A superfície dela, congelada, quase inteiramente branca com detalhes azulados, foi observada de perto pela primeira vez em 1980 e 81 quando as sondas Voyager visitaram o sistema saturniano. Se já era intrigante, Encélado se tornou um dos objetos mais interessantes do sistema solar com os indícios de que ela, também, possui um oceano de subsuperfície. A sonda Cassini, que começou a explorar o sistema de Saturno em 2004, observou Encélado ejetando plumas de materiais que devem compor esse oceano. Em três oportunidades, em 2008, 2012 e 2015, a Cassini deu rasantes – a uns 50 quilômetros de distância da superfície de Encélado – passando pelas plumas para analisar o que tinha ali. A Rosaly, que trabalhou na missão, falou um pouco sobre os achados. Rosaly: Encélado, o que é muito interessante é que esse líquido está em contato direto com o interior, a crosta do interior, porque foram detectados sais na pluma. Então, quer dizer que esse material está vindo direto do oceano. E nós sabemos que o oceano está em contato com o interior, que tem material orgânico também, sílica. Então, esse material está vindo direto do oceano até a superfície e você pode, digamos, colher esse material, voar pela pluma e colher o material.  Danilo: Com a Cassini, descobrimos indícios de que o oceano de Encélado tem materiais orgânicos e os seis elementos químicos essenciais para a vida: carbono, hidrogênio, oxigênio, nitrogênio, fósforo e enxofre. Eu também pedi para a Amanda explorar um pouco mais o que sabemos do oceano de Encélado a partir das plumas. Ela vai mencionar algo muito importante: as fontes hidrotermais.  Amanda: lá em Encélado é legal que tem umas plumas que são ejetadas em direção à superfície. E aí a Cassini passou de rasante nessas plumas que ficam geralmente ali no Polo Sul, de Encélado, e detectaram partículas de sílica. Esse tipo de partícula só poderia ser formado em temperaturas altas. Então, eles começaram aí uma discussão de que teriam fontes hidrotermais no fundo do oceano de Encélado. Isso é muito entusiasmante, porque a vida aqui na Terra, uma das grandes hipóteses, que é uma das mais aceitas pela comunidade científica, é que a vida teria se originado em fontes hidrotermais do oceano primitivo da Terra. Porque tem todos esses componentes químicos que geram um gradiente químico. A vida poderia obter energia, produzir energia a partir desse gradiente. Danilo: Até a década de 1970 ninguém sabia da existência das fontes hidrotermais no fundo dos oceanos terrestres. A crosta terrestre tem fissuras. Quando essas fissuras estão no assoalho oceânico, a água entra em contato com o magma próximo, o que gera verdadeiras chaminés, fumarolas. Nessas fontes, na escuridão do fundo oceânico, ecossistemas inteiros existem graças a microrganismos que conseguem produzir sua própria matéria orgânica a partir de substâncias inorgânicas, como compostos de enxofre, nitrogênio e ferro. A Amanda e a Maria falaram um pouco deles. Amanda: Tem não só micro-organismos bem específicos desses ambientes, mas até animais associados, porque os microrganismos sustentam a vida nesses locais, porque eles fazem um tipo de metabolismo que chama quimiossíntese. Que é um tipo de metabolismo que a gente tem todas as evidências de que era o metabolismo das primeiras formas de vida que existiram aqui. Eles conseguem obter energia a partir desses compostos químicos à base de enxofre, por exemplo. E aí, a partir dessa energia, eles conseguem fixar o CO2, que nem as plantas fazem a partir da luz. Fixam CO2 para produzir as moléculas orgânicas, eles conseguem, a partir da energia dessas rochas, desses compostos inorgânicos, fixar esse carbono e produzir, sintetizar essas moléculas orgânicas, então são produtores primários do fundo do oceano que sustentam a vida nesse oceano profundo. Então essas fontes hidrotermais são como se fossem oásis para essa vida de ambiente extremo em mar profundo. Maria: Eles estão lá respirando nitrogênio, respirando ferro, outros elementos. Então eles demonstram que essas similaridades, considerando o tempo também, por exemplo, Enceladus acredita que esse oceano esteja mais ou menos presente há um bilhão de anos, é tempo para a vida conseguir se adaptar a esse ambiente. Então, é plausível imaginar que se a gente tem um substrato quimiossintético, como por exemplo para a nossa vida aqui nas fontes hidrotermais, é plausível a gente imaginar que nesses outros mundos, onde existem essas condições alienígenas parecidas com o que a gente tem aqui, também exista vida.  Danilo: Além disso, o metano está entre os materiais orgânicos detectados em Encélado. Isso é mais um motivo para entusiasmo com o potencial de habitabilidade do oceano de Encélado. Amanda: Mas o legal do metano é que eles viram que provavelmente naquela camada fria de gelo tem clatrato de metano nas fissuras. Porque tem vários modelos que mostram a formação desse tipo de clatrato de metano, que são moléculas de metano que em volta tem moléculas de água congeladas, resumindo. E aqui na Terra a gente tem condições de oceano profundo e de subsuperfície pela alta pressão. Em temperatura baixa, a gente também tem hidrato de metano, que é abundante em algumas regiões de mar profundo, em subsuperfície. E aí, aqui na Terra, a gente tem nessas regiões de subsuperfície, eventualmente esse clatrato de metano pode vir mais em direção à superfície e exsudar esse metano. E a gente tem uma rica diversidade de arqueias que conseguem utilizar esse metano, arqueias e bactérias também, mas a gente vê que tem especificamente arqueias que conseguem metabolizar esse metano, consumir esse metano, são chamadas de metanotróficas. E aí é um grupo que hoje a gente já sabe que está espalhado na Terra, em todas as regiões de exsudação de metano, e que é muito adaptado a conseguir… Utilizar esse metano para obter energia nesses ambientes. Então a gente sabe que o metano também é um indicativo superlegal como uma fonte de energia para um possível metabolismo metanotrófico. [Música] Danilo: Eu não consigo decidir qual dessas luas é a mais interessante, mas eu sei que primeira a ter despertado minha curiosidade desde que li o livro Pálido Ponto Azul, do astrônomo Carl Sagan, é Titã. Então, vamos, finalmente, falar dela, a maior lua de Saturno. Titã foi observada pela primeira vez pelo astrônomo holandês Christian Huygens, com um telescópio que ele mesmo projetou, em 1655. Essa, que é a segunda maior lua do sistema solar, tem uma característica muito peculiar: Titã tem uma atmosfera muito espessa, e é tão densa que a pressão atmosférica em sua superfície é 50% maior do que a da Terra. Quando a sonda Voyager 1 passou pelo sistema saturniano em 1980, pela primeira vez os seres humanos puderam ver que a atmosfera de Titã oculta a superfície no espectro da luz visível. A Voyager também conseguiu caracterizar a atmosfera, composta principalmente de nitrogênio, com traços de metano e a presença de algo que vem semeando a imaginação de muita gente: moléculas orgânicas complexas. A sonda Cassini levou consigo um módulo nomeado em homenagem ao Christian Huygens. Quando a Cassini chegou perto de Titã, ela soltou a Huygens em direção à lua. Em janeiro de 2005, a Huygens desceu pela atmosfera muito densa de Titã, abriu um paraquedas e pousou. Por pouco mais de uma hora, a Huygens conseguiu fazer imagens da superfície, confirmando uma suspeita antiga dos astrônomos: como a Terra, Titã tem líquido estável na superfície. Mas não é água. Com temperatura média por volta de 180 graus Celsius negativos, a superfície de Titã tem lagos de hidrocarbonetos, ou seja, matéria orgânica. São lagos de metano e etano em estado líquido. Chove metano em Titã. Como? O Douglas explica. Douglas: Nessas temperaturas, o etano e o metano que fazem a atmosfera já conseguem ser condensados. Todo mundo já viu aqui um botijão de cozinha, de butano, butano propano, que dentro do botijão o gás está líquido. Você abre a torneirinha ali, a mangueira, sai líquido. E ele prontamente, quando chega na atmosfera, ele expande e forma gás. Então, quando você comprime gases, eles podem condensar e se tornar líquidos. Eles mudam de fase. A mesma coisa acontece lá. Com a alta pressão lá, a pressão é duas vezes a pressão aqui da Terra. E baixa temperatura, eles condensam, formam líquido. Então, ela tem oceanos, rios, lagos de metano e etano. E lentamente esse metano e etano vão evaporando, indo para a atmosfera. Na alta atmosfera eles se condensam de novo e formam nuvens. E essas nuvens podem chover ou nevar metano e etano. Então você tem um ciclo hidrológico, metanológico, completo de ciclagem de metano e etano na superfície.  Danilo: Quando esse material orgânico abundante em Titã interage com a radiação ultravioleta do Sol, ela forma polímeros orgânicos – moléculas compostas de cadeias muito extensas de carbono e hidrogênio. O Sagan deu o nome de tolinas para essas macromoléculas orgânicas muito abundantes em Titã. Douglas: Além disso, tem essas tolinas que formam hidrocarbonetos mais complexos. Por isso que normalmente o próprio [Carl] Sagan dizia isso: Titã pode não ser o melhor lugar para a vida como a gente conhece, mas pode existir alguma coisa de vida como a gente não conhece. Acima de tudo ela é um excelente laboratório de química prebiótica, porque você tem esse monte de moléculas orgânicas se formando, se complexificando e interagindo que pode dar os primeiros passos. Então grande parte das missões para ir para Titã ou para estudar Titã estão relacionadas com essa parte de química prebiótica. Esse é o principal argumento. Mas a própria missão que talvez vá em 2028, a Dragonfly, ela tem a proposta de procurar as duas coisas, de procurar resquícios, presença de água líquida, porque existe alguma água na superfície, mas normalmente na forma de gelo, ela vai buscar esse gelo e buscar por eventuais sinais de vida como a gente conhece, vida baseada em célula, coisas que a gente conhece. Danilo: A Dragonfly é uma missão da NASA em fase final de preparação. É uma espécie de drone do tamanho de um carro pequeno que vai explorar Titã. Deve até mesmo ser capaz de fazer pequenos voos pela atmosfera da lua. O lançamento da Dragonfly está previsto para julho de 2028 e a ela deve chegar em Titã em 2034. O que ela poderia encontrar lá, que seja de interesse astrobiológico? Será que Titã não poderia ter algum tipo de vida muito diferente da terrestre, com um maquinário bioquímico diferente? Douglas: A gente não conhece nada aqui na Terra que viva e que tenha metabolismo nessas temperaturas baixas, mas é cogitado. A Dragonfly também vai procurar por indícios de vida como a gente não conhece, algum desequilíbrio químico, alguma bioassinatura termodinâmica que possa indicar algum tipo de vida como a gente não conhece.  Danilo: Procurar pelo tipo de vida que a gente conhece, a terrestre, já é um desafio – se é que algo do tipo da vida terrestre existe fora da Terra. Um desafio ainda maior é procurar por vida como a gente não conhece. Tem muita coisa que a gente não sabe sobre a própria vida terrestre – como ela surgiu, por exemplo. Mas isso é o que sabemos que não sabemos – em outras palavras: é o desconhecido conhecido. Quando falamos em vida como não conhecemos, deve haver um espaço ainda maior de possibilidades que ignoramos e que nem sequer conseguimos conceber. É uma forma de ignorância dupla: nem sequer sabemos o que não sabemos. No próximo episódio, vamos voltar para a nossa vizinhança do sistema solar e olhar para um planeta gêmeo da Terra: Vênus. Ambos têm praticamente o mesmo tamanho, mas Vênus é um verdadeiro inferno, com uma superfície quente a ponto de derreter chumbo. Seria possível haver qualquer coisa viva lá? Na superfície, muito provavelmente não. Mas nas nuvens mais altas, a temperatura é bem mais amena. Em 2020, cientistas alegaram ter detectado fosfina, que aqui na Terra é produzida por seres vivos, uma possível bioassinatura nas nuvens altas de Vênus. Isso reacendeu o interesse astrobiológico no nosso vizinho infernal e novas missões estão em desenvolvimento para explorar a atmosfera ultradensa de Vênus. A pesquisa, o roteiro, a produção e a narração foram feitas por mim, Danilo Albergaria. A revisão do episódio foi da Simone Pallone, coordenadora do Oxigênio. A edição de áudio é do Guilherme Lopes, aluno do curso de Midialogia e estagiário da Coordenadoria de Centros e Núcleos Interdisciplinares de Pesquisa, a Cocen. As vinhetas do Oxigênio foram criadas por Elias Mendez. Este podcast foi produzido com apoio da Fapesp, por meio da bolsa Mídia Ciência, para divulgação do projeto Pontes interdisciplinares para a compreensão da vida no Universo: o Núcleo de Apoio à Pesquisa e Inovação em Astrobiologia e o Laboratório de Astrobiologia da USP. Você encontra a gente no site oxigenio.comciencia.br, no Instagram e no Facebook, basta procurar por Oxigênio Podcast. Se gostou deste episódio, indique para seus amigos e amigas. [VINHETA DE ENCERRAMENTO]    

Tänases Algorütmi episoodis räägime, kuidas ettevõte saab aru, milliseid tööriistu inimesed päriselt kasutavad, kuhu tehnoloogiale kuluv raha läheb ja milline tarkvara aitab tööd tegelikult paremini teha.Arutame, kuidas Dragonfly ühendab ettevõtte sisemise info pidevalt muutuva tarkvaramaailmaga ning loob inimestest, protsessidest ja tehnoloogiatest tervikliku kaardi. Räägime ka sellest, miks näiliselt parem tarkvara ei pruugi keerulist migratsiooni õigustada.Lisaks uurime, miks võib 12 inimesega ettevõttel olla üle 300 tööriista, kuidas hinnata tehnoloogilise muudatuse tasuvust ning miks Jira ja Teams jäävad sageli kasutusele ka siis, kui keegi neid eriti ei armasta.Külas on Sven Sabas, Dragonfly kaasasutaja.-----Jaga meile enda jaoks olulisimat mõtet episoodist meie Discord kanalis: https://discord.gg/8X5JTkDxccEpisoodi veavad Martin Kapp ja Erik JõgiAlgorütmi toetavadLHV https://www.lhv.ee/Nortal https://nortal.com/Codeborne https://codeborne.com/

Nick Almond and Proph3t on ENS's treasury fight, the BonkDAO heist, and why Proph3t would not touch Venice's VVV token. ======================================================== Thank you to our sponsor! ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Cape⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠: Your biggest crypto vulnerability isn't your wallet, it's your phone number. Cape is America's privacy-first mobile carrier that rotates your SIM identity daily and blocks SIM swaps before they happen. Get 33% off your first six months at cape.co/unchained (use code: UNCHAINED). ======================================================== Nick Johnson, the founder of ENS Labs, used his own tokens to kill a vote renewing ENS DAO's Security Council, potentially clearing the way for a foundation to take over a treasury worth more than $100 million. Nick Almond, head of governance at the Jito Foundation, and Proph3t, cofounder of MetaDAO, join Laura Shin to untangle what that move reveals about who should control a DAO's money, and whether voting was ever the right way to decide it. They trace ENS cofounder Jeff Lau's warning that the treasury became a honeypot with zero accountability, and the collapsing voter turnout that let a 3% token stake decide the DAO's fate. Proph3t makes the case for MetaDAO's decision markets over voting entirely, while Nick argues curated delegates solve the same capture problem without giving up the vote. They also cover the $20 million BonkDAO heist, pulled off with one proposal and seven votes, and the backlash over Dragonfly's investment in Venice's VVV token. Both guests agree DAOs are near a bottom. What comes next depends on whether anyone tries something new. Host: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Laura Shin⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠, Host / Unchained Guests: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Nick Almond - Head of Governance at the Jito Foundation ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Proph3t - Co-founder of MetaDAO Timestamps

Vladimir Novakovski of Lighter joins the Chopping Block crew to untangle one of crypto's oldest debates: what happens when tokens and equity coexist. The gang digs into the Venice/VVV controversy, breaks down Lighter's new Perps integration with Robinhood Chain and the fragmentation questions it raises, dissects the wild BonkDAO governance exploit, and reacts to the eye-popping $2.4 billion in crypto income disclosed in Trump's financial filings. Welcome to The Chopping Block – where crypto insiders Haseeb Qureshi, Tom Schmidt, Tarun Chitra, and Robert Leshner chop it up about the latest in crypto, joined this week by special guest Vladimir Novakovski of Lighter. The crew dives deep into the resurfaced tokens-versus-equity debate sparked by Dragonfly's investment in Venice and its VVV token, with Haseeb making the case that Venice is fundamentally different from Uniswap Labs style structures. Vlad explains how Lighter has approached the same dilemma through programmatic buybacks and a single C corp structure, and the group debates fiduciary duties, Delaware law, and what a merged DeFi/TradFi future for equity and tokens might look like. From there, they unpack Lighter's big Robinhood Chain announcement, including Lighter's new role as the native Perps engine inside Robinhood Wallet, and whether running a separate instance fragments liquidity. The episode wraps with a breakdown of the BonkDAO governance exploit that let an attacker vote themselves $20 million in tokens, and a reaction to Trump's staggering $2.4 billion in pre-tax crypto income revealed in his latest financial disclosure. Listen to the episode on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, Pods, Fountain, Podcast Addict, Pocket Casts, Amazon Music, or on your favorite podcast platform. Show highlights

In this episode, Dr. Jonathan Larson, University of Kentucky Department of Entomology, dives into the "dance" of the dragonfly—its remarkable flight patterns, lifecycle, and the critical role it plays in controlling insect populations. We'll also look at the habitats that support dragonflies and how forest and water management practices can enhance conditions for these incredible insects.   Also on tap: Whether you're a woodland owner, outdoor enthusiast, or just curious about the trees around you, join Laurie Thomas, University of Kentucky Department of Forestry and Natural Resources – Extension, as she brings us another Tree of the Week. She will help you better understand and appreciate this week's featured species the cockspur hawthorn. 6.24.26   For more episodes of From the Woods Today, visit https://forestry.mgcafe.uky.edu/woods-today

3:42 minute piano and Pro Tools midi keyboard piece 6.79 MB

VVV is down 50% on news that should be good for Venice. David unpacks why — covering the token vs. equity distinction, Dragonfly's reasoning, and what the onchain data says about how many people are actually using Venice's paid features right now. FOLLOW THE SHOW › David — https://x.com/dcanellis › The Breakdown — https://x.com/TheBreakdownBW › The Breakdown Newsletter — https://blockworks.com/newsletter/the-breakdown DISCLAIMER As always, remember this podcast is for informational purposes only, and any views expressed by anyone on the show are solely their opinions, not financial advice.

Dragonflies and damselflies are voracious aerial predators that help keep populations of other insects like mosquitoes in check. These amazing insects also require aquatic habitats to complete their life cycles. Simply put, without wetlands we don't have dragonflies and damselflies. However, not all wetlands will do. My guest Dr. Mary Ann Perron is here to discuss why native aquatic plants are absolutely essential to the success of these insects. Join us as we discuss what makes a good wetland for dragonflies and damselflies and learn what you can do to help them out in your own community! This episode was produced in part by Chris, Gerald, Elise, Maggie, Mamie, A.J., Dallas, Channele, KC, Joe, Diane, Kim, Tanya, Neil, Matthew, April, Dana, Lilith, Sanza, Eva, Yellowroot, Wisewren, Nadia, Heidi, Blake, Josh, Laure, R.J., Carly, Lucia, Dana, Sarah, Lauren, Strych Mind, Linda, Sylvan, Austin, Sarah, Ethan, Elle, Steve, Cassie, Chuck, Aaron, Gillian, Abi, Rich, Shad, Maddie, Owen, Linda, Alana, Sigma, Max, Richard, Maia, Rens, David, Robert, Thomas, Valerie, Joan, Mohsin Kazmi Photography, Cathy, Simon, Nick, Paul, Charis, EJ, Laura, Sung, NOK, Stephen, Heidi, Kristin, Luke, Sea, Shannon, Thomas, Will, Jamie, Waverly, Brent, Tanner, Rick, Kazys, Dorothy, Katherine, Emily, Theo, Nichole, Paul, Karen, Randi, Caelan, Tom, Don, Susan, Corbin, Keena, Robin, Peter, Whitney, Kenned, Margaret, Daniel, Karen, David, Earl, Jocelyn, Gary, Krysta, Elizabeth, Southern California Carnivorous Plant Enthusiasts, Pattypollinators, Peter, Judson, Ella, Alex, Dan, Pamela, Peter, Andrea, Nathan, Karyn, Michelle, Jillian, Chellie, Linda, Laura, Miz Holly, Christie, Carlos, Paleo Fern, Levi, Sylvia, Lanny, Ben, Lily, Craig, Sarah, Lor, Monika, Brandon, Jeremy, Suzanne, Kristina, Christine, Silas, Michael, Aristia, Felicidad, Lauren, Danielle, Allie, Jeffrey, Amanda, Tommy, Marcel, C Leigh, Karma, Shelby, Christopher, Alvin, Arek, Chellie, Dani, Paul, Dani, Tara, Elly, Colleen, Natalie, Nathan, Ario, Laura, Cari, Margaret, Mary, Connor, Nathan, Jan, Jerome, Brian, Azomonas, Ellie, University Greens, Joseph, Melody, Patricia, Matthew, Garrett, John, Ashley, Cathrine, Melvin, OrangeJulian, Porter, Jules, Griff, Joan, Megan, Marabeth, Les, Ali, Southside Plants, Keiko, Robert, Bryce, Wilma, Amanda, Helen, Mikey, Michelle, German, Joerg, Cathy, Tate, Steve, Kae, Carole, Mr. Keith Santner, Lynn, Aaron, Sara, Kenned, Brett, Jocelyn, Ethan, Sheryl, Runaway Goldfish, Ryan, Chris, Alana, Rachel, Joanna, Lori, Paul, Griff, Matthew, Bobby, Vaibhav, Steven, Joseph, Brandon, Liam, Hall, Jared, Brandon, Christina, Carly, Kazys, Stephen, Katherine, Manny, doeg, Daniel, Tim, Philip, Tim, Lisa, Brodie, Bendix, Irene, holly, Sara, and Margie.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

IA de la semaine, OCR, puces et sécurité open source. Des pistes pour réduire le coût de l'IA et plusieurs sujets matériel et infrastructure.  Me soutenir sur Patreon Me retrouver sur YouTube On discute ensemble sur Discord Modèles de la semaine Wan Streamer : et maintenant, les autistes synthétiques. Seedance 2.5, Krea 2 et Mistral OCR4. Peut-il révolutionner l'IA ? Databricks oscille beaucoup. Radio Star : les IA se lancent sur les ondes. Soyons pas hypAkrites, l'IA c'est quand même utile. Saveurs du monde Starfall, après l'IPO, l'IPA. MATCH Act, de quoi je m'ASML d'abord ? Rise and LineShine ! La Chine en a un plus gros. Les américains vont sortir de leurs Hygons. Qualcomm lance Dragonfly, ses puces poids lourds. Firefox et Chrome signent un PACT. Windows 10 fait de la résistance. Participants Une émission préparée par Guillaume Poggiaspalla Présenté par Guillaume Vendé

The crew is joined by Selini Capital's Jordi Alexander to break down Open USD, the no-fee stablecoin from a 140-firm consortium spanning Visa, Mastercard, BlackRock, Google and Coinbase, all aimed at the Circle and Tether duopoly. Plus Saylor's new Digital Credit framework for MicroStrategy, the Ansem-fueled memecoin comeback, and ENS reigniting the “DAOs are fake” debate. Welcome to The Chopping Block – where crypto insiders Haseeb Qureshi, Tom Schmidt, Tarun Chitra, and Robert Leshner chop it up about the latest in crypto. Joining the panel “at the moment of max pain” is Jordi Alexander, CIO of Selini Capital. First up: MicroStrategy in crisis, with MSTR down about 30% in five days and STRC hitting $71, and Saylor's answer, a new Digital Credit framework with an 18-month cash cushion and a jumbo dividend hike to 12%. Then the headline story, Open USD: a no-fee stablecoin from a 140-member consortium including Visa, Mastercard, BlackRock, Google and Coinbase, built to break the Circle and Tether duopoly. The back half covers the memecoin comeback around the Ansem coin, and ENS reigniting the “DAOs are fake” debate after Nick Johnson single-handedly blocked a governance vote, before the crew debates whether consortia are just DAOs in a suit. Let's get into it. Listen to the episode on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, Pods, Fountain, Podcast Addict, Pocket Casts, Amazon Music, or on your favorite podcast platform. Show highlights

This episode, we're stepping back to the golden age of natural history podcasting by resurrecting the format of the classic show Wild Ideas: The Podcast. Joining us on the trail is one of the OG hosts: the man himself, Gordon Maupin. It's a 3-way team-up where each of us brings a heavy-hitting seasonal mystery to the table.First, Steve unravels the rule-breaking world of the Ambystoma polyploid salamander complex, where unisexual lineages are mixing up DNA from different species and blurring the lines of what makes a species a species. Then, Gordon shrinks things down to look at the world of duckweed ecology, a group that includes the smallest flowering plants in the world. Finally, Bill turns our eyes to the skies over the marsh to pull back the curtain on dragonfly migration, looking into the recent science that shows some dragonfly species are multi-generational continental travelers (as well as badass predators).Come listen in as Gordon and the guys answer the question, “What's going on outside?” (Wild Ideas fans, that's for you)This episode was reecorded at the Iroquois National Wildlife Refuge in Alabama, NY on May 13, 2026.Episode LinksCheck out the Iroquois National Wildlife Refige and their Bald Eagle Cam.Here's the New York Times article about 7 Podcasts About the Joys of Bird Watching that includes a mention of our show.Episode NotesGetting The Great Egret's Latin Name RightDuring a quick aside this episode, Gordon spotted a Great Egret and Steve tried to recall its scientific name, tentatively going with Erodea alba. He wasn't entirely wrong! The correct name is Ardea alba.While alba means "white," Ardea is Latin for "heron." It also ties back to the ancient myth by everyone's favorite Roman poet Ovid, who wrote about a bird rising directly from the ashes of the burned city of Ardea. What's the Deal With Axolotls?We wondered if the axolotl is in the same genus as the Jefferson and blue spotted salamander (Ambystoma) and yes they are!Species: A. mexicanum (Axolotl) Unlike most members of Ambystomatidae—which typically metamorphose into terrestrial adults—the axolotl exhibits a trait called neoteny (or paedomorphosis). This is where an organism retains juvenile or larval traits into adulthood. Axolotls retains its aquatic, larval features (like its signature feathery external gills) into adulthood and spends its entire life in the water Bill's Hard Claim on ID'ing Jefferson Salamanders Bill said there is no way we could tell if it was a Jefferson salamander: is that true? Bill was basically right if we're talking about visually confirming a female-looking salamander in a blue-spotted/Jefferson overlap zone. Many unisexual individuals cannot be confidently identified by sight, and genetic testing is the clean answer. But during the breeding season, a male with a swollen cloaca is not part of the all-female unisexual lineage, so that can help narrow things down. So, a male in breeding condition can sometimes be identified much more confidently than a female/unisexual-looking animal, but you need to have serious knowledge about species location, morphology, and breeding-season characteristics. The Jefferson Complex vs. the Bigger Unisexual Salamander SituationDuring the episode, Bill had a “wait, what are we even talking about?” moment while Steve was explaining the huge all-female/unisexual Ambystoma salamander lineage.Steve was talking about the big-picture version: a bizarre evolutionary group that can involve genomes from several mole salamander species, including Blue-spotted, Jefferson, Small-mouthed, Streamside, and Tiger Salamanders.Bill, though, was thinking what we hear more about in the Northeast and Great Lakes region: the “Jefferson complex,” or the Blue-spotted/Jefferson Salamander mess. Around here, that usually means you can't usually ID a Jefferson Salamanders or a Blue-spotted Salamander down to species because the sally in front of you may belong to the all-female, polyploid lineage that can't be confidently sorted out just by looking at them.So Bill's question was basically: “Hold on. Is this identification nightmare only a Jefferson/Blue-spotted thing, or does it happen with the other species too?”And the answer is: yep. It can happen with the others too.The narrower Jefferson complex usually refers to the Blue-spotted/Jefferson part of the story, especially in places where those are the main overlapping species. But when scientists zoom out and include the other players (Small-mouthed, Streamside, and Eastern Tiger Salamanders) they usually refer to the whole thing as the unisexual Ambystoma lineage.So the practical field takeaway is this: in places where these species overlap, a female-looking Ambystoma salamander may be impossible to identify with confidence by appearance alone. Even experts may only be making an educated guess unless they use genetic testing. Measuring red blood cell size can help estimate ploidy (basically, whether the animal has extra chromosome sets) but DNA testing is the real way to know which genomes are actually in there. Is Duckweed the Smallest Flowering Plant? Yes, but specifically a microscopic type of it. The world's smallest flowering plants belong to the genus Wolffia - Often referred to as "rootless duckweed" or "watermeal," they are the tiniest members of the duckweed family (Lemnaceae) Individual Wolffia plants are usually less than 1 mm long, roughly the size of a pinhead or cornmeal, and the flowers are correspondingly microscopic.Unlike standard duckweed (Lemna), Wolffia plants do not have roots and appear simply as tiny floating green spheres or oval seeds.The plant produces the world's smallest flower, which forms in a tiny depression on the plant's top surface.Because they are so small and have highly efficient asexual budding, they can easily cover a pond in dense mats before you ever notice an individual plant. Can be found across temperate and tropical regions of North, Central, and South America Correction: Ed Yong's An Immense World (UV, not Infrared)During the episode, Bill mentioned Ed Yong's phenomenal book, An Immense World, and noted that researchers are increasingly discovering how many animals can see in the infrared spectrum. His memory slipped slightly on this one! Yong actually discusses the growing scientific realization that many animals see in the ultraviolet (UV) spectrum, not infrared. (Though as you'll see below, dragonflies do have a few tricks up their sleeves on the other end of the spectrum). Gordon's Question: Infrared Vision & Dragonfly MatingBill's misremembering of what was in An Immense World was prompted by Gordon asking a fantastic question during the recording: Can dragonflies see in the infrared spectrum, and if they can, are they using it to navigate during migration?First, a quick clarification: when most of us hear “infrared,” we immediately picture thermal imaging — animals glowing in the dark, Predator vision, that whole thing. That is not what we're talking about here. Dragonflies do not appear to see heat signatures.What they may be able to see is near-infrared — light just beyond the deepest red wavelengths visible to humans. Near-infrared is not heat vision. It is more like an invisible extension of red.According to a recent study published in January 2026 by researchers in Osaka, Japan, some dragonfly species have visual pigments that are sensitive to extremely long red wavelengths, possibly reaching into the near-infrared edge of the spectrum. That alone is pretty wild. But the discovery also highlights a striking example of parallel evolution between insects and primates. Millions of years ago, the ancestors of humans and other primates evolved molecular changes that helped produce red-sensitive vision. This new research suggests that some dragonflies may have independently evolved a similar molecular tuning mechanism for detecting red light. However, while primate red vision operates within the visible spectrum, some dragonflies appear to have pushed that sensitivity even farther, toward the boundary between deep red and near-infrared.So what are they doing with this ability? Probably not navigating migration, at least as far as we know.The better-supported idea is that this long-wavelength vision helps dragonflies identify mates quickly in flight. Male and female dragonflies can reflect red and near-infrared light differently, especially against green vegetation. So for an animal making split-second decisions while zipping around at high speed, that extra visual contrast could be a big deal. So to answer Gordon's question, dragonflies may be seeing farther into the red/near-infrared edge of the spectrum than we can, but based on what researchers currently know, they're probably using that ability for rapid sex recognition, not long-distance navigation. It's more of a high-speed dragonfly dating filter than infrared GPS.The Missing Piece: Visual Cues and "Leading Lines" in MigrationOne big element Bill neglected to mention in covering how dragonfies navigate during migration is the VISUAL piece – that they also use what they're seeing! That is a crucial piece of the puzzle. Dragonflies are also extremely visual animals. Those huge compound eyes are not just for decoration. So, what they're seeing is likely a key piece in their migration toolbox. Migrating dragonflies are often observed moving along major landscape features: coastlines, mountain ridges, river valleys, and other long, continuous edges. Biologists sometimes refer to these kinds of features as leading lines, because they can help guide or funnel migrating animals across the landscape.That doesn't mean a dragonfly is looking down and thinking, “Ah yes, the Susquehanna River. I'll take this south.” But these landscape features can still matter in several ways.Coastlines can keep migrants from drifting too far over open water, which is risky for an insect that eventually needs to land, rest, and feed.Mountain ridges and long hillsides can create useful air currents and updrafts, allowing dragonflies to ride favorable winds and conserve energy.River corridors can provide both a visual pathway and good stopover habitat, with water, vegetation, and plenty of small flying insects to eat when they need to refuel.The overall migration story for dragonflies probably isn't “dragonflies have one magic compass.” It's more like they are combining a bunch of cues at once: the visual structure of the landscape below them, as well as the elements covered during the episode. Steve's Questions: Resident vs. Migratory Green Darners & The Thermal Genetic SwitchDuring the episode, Steve asked two really good questions about Common Green Darners: if some are migratory and some are resident, how do they know which group to mate with? And could temperature be the thing that nudges a young darner down one path or the other?The first answer is surprisingly simple: they probably don't know, and they probably don't care.For a long time, researchers assumed these groups were reproductively isolated, believing residents emerged and died before the migratory cohort reached adulthood, but modern research has overturned this idea. According to a comprehensive review by Michael L. May and John H. Matthews, adult flight periods absolutely overlap in mid-summer, and genetic testing reveals zero genetic differentiation between the groups. The entire continental population belongs to a single, randomly mating gene pool. So when a Common Green Darner is ready to mate, it is probably not checking whether the other darner is from the “resident” or “migratory” team. It is just mating with another mature Common Green Darner in the same airspace. Very romantic. Very dragonfly.Steve's second question gets at something even more interesting: what makes one generation migrate while another stays put?This is where temperature, day length, and seasonal timing seem to matter a lot. A Green Darner nymph developing in warm water during long summer days may be pushed toward faster development. That can produce adults that emerge, feed heavily, build up energy reserves, and migrate south in late summer or fall.But if nymphs are developing as temperatures drop and days get shorter, their development can slow down. Instead of rushing to become adults, they may overwinter as aquatic nymphs and emerge the following year. Those individuals can then become part of the resident breeding population in northern ponds.So Steve's instinct was basically right: environmental conditions appear to play a huge role in shaping whether a darner develops quickly and migrates, or slows down and overwinters.The only thing to be careful about is the phrase “genetic switch.” There probably are changes in gene expression involved. Temperature and day length can absolutely affect how insects develop, but in Common Green Darners, we should probably think of it less as a single switch being flipped and more as a whole developmental pathway being shaped by the environment.The short version: migratory and resident Green Darners are not separate species or rival dragonfly factions. They appear to be part of one big, mixed population whose life cycle can play out in different ways depending on timing, temperature, and local conditions.Sponsors and Ways to Support UsThank you to Always Wandering Art (Website and Etsy Shop) for providing the artwork for many of our episodes.Support us on Patreon.Works CitedHallworth, M. T., Marra, P. P., McFarland, K. P., Zahendra, S., & Studds, C. E. (2018). Tracking dragons: stable isotopes reveal the annual cycle of a long-distance migratory insect. Biology Letters, 14(12), 20180741. doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2018.0741.Hu, G., Lim, K. S., Horvitz, N., Clark, S. J., Reynolds, D. R., Sapir, N., & Chapman, J. W. (2016). Mass seasonal bioflows of high-flying insect migrants. Science, 354(6319), 1584–1587. doi: 10.1126/science.aah4379.Knight, S. M., Pitman, G. M., Flockhart, D. T. T., & Norris, D. R. (2019). Radio-tracking reveals how wind and temperature influence the pace of daytime insect migration. Biology Letters, 15(6), 20190327. doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2019.0327.Lancaster, L. T., Dudaniec, R. Y., Chauhan, P., Wellenreuther, M., Svensson, E. I., & Hansson, B. (2016). Gene expression under thermal stress varies across a geographic range expansion front. Molecular Ecology, 25(5), 1141–1156. doi: 10.1111/mec.13548.May, M. L. (2013). A critical overview of progress in studies of migration of dragonflies (Odonata: Anisoptera), with emphasis on North America. Journal of Insect Conservation, 17(1), 1–15.May, M. L., & Matthews, J. H. (2008). Migration in Odonata: a case study of Anax junius. In A. Córdoba-Aguilar (Ed.), Dragonflies and Damselflies: Model Organisms for Ecological and Evolutionary Research (pp. 63–77). Oxford University Press.Sato, R., Terakita, A., & Koyanagi, M. (2026). Dragonfly red opsins share a common tuning mechanism with mammalian red opsins and further enhancement of near-infrared sensitivity. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences.Trottier, R. (1971). Effect of Temperature on the Life-Cycle of Anax junius (Odonata: Aeshnidae) in Canada. The Canadian Entomologist, 103(12), 1671–1683.Wikelski, M., Moskowitz, D., Adelman, J. S., Cochran, J., Wilcove, D. S., & May, M. L. (2006). Simple rules guide dragonfly migration. Biology Letters, 2(3), 325–329.Yong, E. (2022). An Immense World: How Animal Senses Reveal the Hidden Realms Around Us. Random House.

A daytime dragonfly falls out with a nighttime firefly.Written especially for this podcast by Alice.  If you enjoyed this story, please do leave us a review.  And, if you'd like to suggest an animal for a future Animal Tales story, you can do so by emailing podcast@animaltales.uk. We would love to hear from you.  Animal Tales Books!Collections of Animal Tales children's stories are available to buy exclusively at Amazon. Simply search for Animal Tales Short Stories or follow this link: https://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/B0CLJQZ9C9?binding=paperback&ref=dbs_dp_sirpi Become a PREMIUM SubscriberYou can now enjoy Animal Tales by becoming a Premium Subscriber. This gets you:All episodes in our catalogue advert-freeBonus Premium-only episodes (one per week) which will never be used on the main podcastWe guarantee to use one of your animal suggestions in a storyYou can sign up through Apple Podcasts or through Supercast and there are both monthly and yearly plans available.   Discover a brand new story every Monday, Wednesday and Friday – just for you!  You can find more Animal Tales at www.animaltales.ukA Note About The AdvertsIn order to allow us to make these stories we offer a premium subscription and run adverts. The adverts are not chosen by us, but played automatically depending on the platform you listen through (Apple Podcasts, Spotify, etc) and the country you live in. The adverts may even be different if you listen to the story twice.We have had a handful of instances where an advert has played that is not suitable for a family audience, despite the podcast clearly being labelled for children. If you're concerned about an advert you hear, please contact the platform you are listening to directly. Spotify, in particular, has proven problematic in the past, for both inappropriate adverts and the volume at which the adverts play. If you find this happening, please let Spotify know via their Facebook customer care page. As creators, we want your child's experience to be a pleasurable one. Running adverts is necessary to allow us to operate, but please do consider the premium subscription service as an alternative – it's advert free.

Amy Scott Rooker is an author, former attorney, and former tech executive whose memoir, My Mother Is a Dragonfly, chronicles her journey through childhood trauma, grief, addiction, and spiritual awakening. Today, she helps others reconnect with their authentic selves through healing, presence, and conscious living. Connect with Amy: Website: https://www.amyrooker.com/ LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/amyrooker/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/amyscottrooker/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/amyscottrooker

 This episode of The Circuit covers a mix of tech industry tributes and major semiconductor financial updates. Hosts Ben and Jay begin by paying their respects to pioneering tech blogger and journalist Om Malik, who recently passed away. They then dive into Cerebras's first earnings report as a public company, highlighting strong top-line demand for AI inference but noting investor concern over their complicated gross margins. Next, the hosts unpack Qualcomm's Investor Day, focusing on the company's aggressive $15 billion data center revenue guidance for fiscal 2029, their "Dragonfly" custom ARM CPU roadmap, and their strategic acquisition of software startup Modular. Finally, they analyze Micron's massive earnings report, detailing a staggering 60% quarter-on-quarter memory price surge that has caught major buyers like Apple by surprise, concluding with a lively discussion on the "Game of Thrones" style market dynamics driving the memory industry. 

For the tenth anniversary of Unchained, Laura reflects on the SBF question she never asked, the Charles Hoskinson beef, and why she may be done with strict neutrality. ======================================================== Thank you to our sponsor! ⁠⁠Fidelity⁠⁠: Fidelity has been building in crypto and DeFi since 2014 — now they're hiring. Explore career opportunities at one of the most forward-thinking names in finance here: ⁠⁠crypto.fidelitycareers.com⁠⁠. ⁠⁠Cape⁠⁠: Your biggest crypto vulnerability isn't your wallet, it's your phone number. Cape is America's privacy-first mobile carrier that rotates your SIM identity daily and blocks SIM swaps before they happen. Get 33% off your first six months at cape.co/unchained (use code: UNCHAINED). ======================================================== Unchained started as a side project by Laura in 2016, with two interviews recorded on Necker Island. Ten years later, it's become a network of podcasts and newsletters. Haseeb Qureshi of one of most beloved podcasts on the network, The Chopping Block, chats with Laura about everything from its origins to biggest regrets to her interview style and more.  Plus, she reveals the one regret she has over a question she never got to ask Sam Bankman-Fried after the collapse of FTX. Haseeb, managing partner at Dragonfly and an effective altruist himself, traces whether EA's moral framework enabled SBF's fraud, or whether SBF simply had ordinary delusions of grandeur.  The conversation also moves through Charles Hoskinson's disputed PhD claims, the Brian Armstrong interview that never happened, and Laura's emerging conviction that ten years of institutional disillusionment may be pushing her away from the neutrality that built her career. Host: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Laura Shin⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠, Host / Unchained Guests: ⁠⁠⁠⁠Haseeb Qureshi - Managing Partner of Dragonfly - https://x.com/hosseeb Timestamps

Saturn's moon Titan is one of the most Earth-like worlds in our Solar System, with a dense nitrogen atmosphere, weather cycles, methane rivers, and vast organic dune fields. It also happens to be the perfect place to fly a drone. NASA's Dragonfly mission is doing exactly that, sending a car-sized, nuclear-powered rotorcraft to explore Titan's surface starting in 2034. With just two years until launch, the team is deep in the work of making it happen. This week, we're joined by two members of the Dragonfly team from the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory. Felipe Ruiz is the mission's lead rotor engineer and mechanical implementation lead, responsible for designing the eight-rotor system that will carry Dragonfly across Titan's skies. Zibi Turtle is the mission's principal investigator, a planetary scientist whose career has spanned missions from Galileo to Cassini to Europa Clipper. Together, they walk us through the engineering challenges of flying a thousand-kilogram rotorcraft in an alien atmosphere, how the team is testing and validating the design here on Earth, and what the spacecraft's instruments will look for on Titan's surface. Then Bruce Betts, our chief scientist, joins us for What's Up, where we pay tribute to the Ingenuity Mars helicopter and the legacy of the first powered, controlled flight on another world. Discover more at: https://www.planetary.org/planetary-radio/2026-engineering-of-dragonflySee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Some strains disappear before you're supposed to record the episode.Root Beer GMO was one of those strains.

The Planetary Society's 2026 Day of Action brought something new this year. For the very first time, the advocacy day was followed by a showcase of NASA funded science in an event called Igniting Discovery. Host Sarah Al-Ahmed speaks with Jack Kiraly, Director of Government Relations at the Planetary Society, about how the event came together, and with first-time advocate Julianna Charlene Kolczynski, whose passion for space traces back to her grandfather's dreams. Megan McKeown, Director of Governmental Affairs at the Association of Public and Land-Grant Universities, opens the event. Then we hear from the scientists themselves: Blake Schreurs of the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, planetary scientist Kirby Runyon of the Planetary Science Institute, Christine McCarthy of Columbia University's Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Brent McBride of the University of Maryland Baltimore County, biomechanics PhD student Liliana Delgado of the University of Nebraska Omaha, and science communicator Sarah Treadwell, also known as Space Case Sarah. Planetary Society member Ari Gozlan closes with a reflection on what it means to celebrate science after the Day of Action. Plus, Chief Scientist Bruce Betts joins Sarah for What's Up. Discover more at: https://www.planetary.org/planetary-radio/2026-igniting-discoverySee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The continued failure to detect WIMPs has led to a "Dark Crisis" and more speculative theories. Some scientists suggest dark matter could be primordial black holes formed during the Big Bang, or "fuzzy" dark matter made of extremely light particles. Challenges also arise from "dragonfly galaxies" like Dragonfly 44, which appear to lack dark matter entirely, a problem for both CDM and MOND theories. Physicist Erik Verlinde proposes emergent gravity, where gravity is not a fundamental force but emerges from a deeper level of reality, potentially removing the need for dark matter. Some fresh thinking suggests that MOND and CDM might even work in concert. As the search continues through deep-mine experiments, the ISS, and massive telescopes in Chile, theorists remain at a frontier of trying to explain why 95% of the universe remains invisible. (8/8)1995 PERSEIDS