Podcasts about Discrete

1: VIV CASTLE – Lovely Day2: YES BOONE - Modern Life (Extended Mix)3: BODY OCEAN - What Would It Profit (Extended)4: DISCRETE & NOTELLE - Sunrise (Extended)5: BEN NICKY & HIX FEAT. TORI SMITH - Sober (Extended Mix)6: THOMAS NEWSON, GUZ - Get Raw (Extended Mix)7: YER MAN - Juicy8: BOB SINCLAR - Cruel Summer (Club Mix) LISTENERS' CHOICE8:         Matt Darey - Beautiful (1999 Extended Mix) 10: JOHN SUMMIT - Focus (feat. CLOVES) [Extended Mix]11: TOM & COLLINS - Mambo (Extended Mix)12: BASILONE – Moving On13: HIGGO – Go Back TRIED & TESTED14: INTERPLANETARY CRIMINAL – Badman Control 15: JAGUAR – Wild!16: SURF MESA & JOHN ALTO - Holding On (Original Mix)17: NIKKO - SIDE2SIDE  GUEST SELECTION: MARK SIXMAPush - Universal Nation (Original Mix) [Bonzai Vinyl]Mark Sixma & VIVID feat. Noubya - Cyanide (Extended Mix) THE WARM UP SELECTION 18: DOUNIAH, MAKEZ – Fruits Of The Universe19: POWERS & PATERSON – Play Right20: FONZERELLI, ERAN HERSH, ANORRE – Moonlight Party21: MARATONE & NHATO - Guiga THE MAINSTAGE MIX  22: YURIE - What You Waiting For 23: QRION FEAT. JOSIE MAN - Hush My Heart (Spritzz Extended Mix)24: CHRISTIAN ROGERS – Party People25: MATTY RALPH - Paradise26: JON MANGAN - Vintage27: NIFRA - NRG28: 4MOTION & DARRELL MARTIN – Over 4 Me29: PRODIGY - Omen JJ Remix V4-2

Hakuro Matsuda さんをゲストに迎えて、iPhone 16e, MacBook Air, Mac Studio, インドなどについて話しました。 Show Notes Perplexity Pro iPhone 16e Apple C1 modem real-world iPhone 16e tests Update: Apple's C1 modem doesn't interfere with MagSafe on the iPhone 16e Apple officially delays its 'more personalized' version of Siri Apple introduces the new MacBook Air with the M4 chip and a sky blue color Here's how much faster the M3 Ultra's GPU is compared to M4 Max Rebuild: 331: Inspired By Yoshinoya (hak) otorola razr 50 ultra Clicks Keyboard case Introducing Alexa+, the next generation of Alexa Crossing the uncanny valley of conversational voice The next chapter: Moving from Skype to Microsoft Teams インディア・ペールエール Hario V60ドリップスケール TRMNL | E-ink dashboard to stay focused 関心領域 トワイライト・ウォリアーズ Steam：機動戦艦ガンドッグ 太陽系物語

What does walking with God involve? Proverbs 12:15–28 looks forward to the sermon in this week's midweek meeting. In these fourteen verses of Holy Scripture. the Holy Spirit teaches us that walking with God involves godly speech, and diligence, in the path that leads to eternal life.

PSI Software SE: Driving Digital Transformation in Process OptimizationIn this in-depth presentation, Karsten Pierschke, Head of Investor Relations & Corporate Communications at PSI Software SE, provides an insightful overview of PSI's business model, strategic direction, and financial outlook. As a technology leader in process control software, PSI has been at the forefront of industrial digital transformation for over 55 years.1969 - PSI Software SE established itself as a leading software provider for process control and optimization systems in various vertical markets.The company specializes in: Energy infrastructure Metals production Discrete manufacturing Logistics Industrial AIServing a niche B2B market, PSI tailors solutions to specific industry challenges.With over 2,300 employees across 17 international locations, PSI remains committed to technological innovation and customer-centric solutions.The company generated €270 million in revenue in 2023, focusing on AI-driven, cloud-based transformation.PSI Software SE is structured into four key vertical markets:A European leader in energy control systems, PSI provides smart grid solutions for electricity, gas, oil, district heating, and water utilities.PSI's globally leading Manufacturing Execution System (MES) and AI-driven supply chain optimization support decarbonization and energy efficiency in metals production and process industries.The company delivers ERP and MES solutions for the automotive and mechanical engineering industries, optimizing production efficiency and resource management.PSI's logistics software suite covers warehouse management, transport management, and supply chain optimization, ensuring efficient and automated workflows.PSI is divesting its Mobility business unit to streamline its core focus areas.PSI operates in 17 countries and serves a highly selective customer base of around 1,700 businesses. Energy grid operators such as E.ON and international network providers. Metals industry giants like Nippon Steel, Nucor, and US Steel. Automotive OEMs and suppliers in Germany, Europe, and North America. Retail and logistics companies in Eastern Europe and Asia-Pacific.PSI Software SE faced several operational and external challenges in recent years, impacting profitability: 2022: Withdrawal from Russian operations due to geopolitical tensions led to a revenue decline. 2023: Operational issues in energy grid projects affected EBIT margins, resulting in a lower-than-expected 2% margin. 2024: A cyberattack in February disrupted business for several months, delaying revenue recognition into 2025.Despite these challenges, PSI has demonstrated remarkable resilience, retaining all its customers and maintaining a strong order backlog. This positions the company for significant growth in 2025, a testament to its stability and potential.▶️ Other videos:Elevator Pitch: https://seat11a.com/investor-relations-elevator-pitch/Company Presentation: https://seat11a.com/investor-relations-company-presentation/Deep Dive Presentation: https://seat11a.com/investor-relations-deep-dive/Financial Results Presentation: https://seat11a.com/investor-relations-financial-results/ESG Presentation: https://seat11a.com/investor-relations-esg/T&CThis publication is for informational purposes only and does not constitute investment advice. Using this website, you agree to our term and conditions outlined on www.seat11a.com/legal and www.seat11a.com/imprint.

Ewig durch Social Media scrollen und sich mit anderen vergleichen? Viele Menschen bemerken, dass sie erschreckend wenig Kontrolle darüber haben, wie viel Zeit sie auf Social Media verbringen. Leon und Atze besprechen, woran das liegt und ob Social Media so schlimm ist, wie immer behauptet wird. Außerdem geben sie Tipps, wie man das Smartphone wenigstens ab und zu mal zur Seite legen kann. Leon & Atze Start ins heutige Thema: 08:46 min. Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/leonwindscheid/ https://www.instagram.com/atzeschroeder_offiziell/ Mehr zu unseren Werbepartnern findet ihr hier: https://linktr.ee/betreutesfuehlen Buchempfehlung: Die Klavierspielerin von Elfriede Jelinek Zehn Gründe, warum du deinen Social Media Account sofort löschen musst von Jaron Lanier Empfehlung: https://www.instagram.com/buchantiquariat_willbrand/?hl=de Quellen in chronologischer Reihenfolge Spektrum der Wissenschaft. Lexikon der Neurowissenschaft: Dopamin. https://www.spektrum.de/lexikon/neurowissenschaft/dopamin/2959 Baskerville, T. A., & Douglas, A. J. (2010). Dopamine and oxytocin interactions underlying behaviors: potential contributions to behavioral disorders. CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics, 16(3), e92-e123. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-5949.2010.00154.x Wise, R. A. (2004). Dopamine, learning and motivation. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 5(6), 483-494. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn1406 Memorial Museum-estate of academician I. P. Pavlov. http://en.pavlovmuseum.ru/photos Sapolsky, R. M. (2017). Behave: the Biology of Humans at Our Best and Worst. Penguin Press. Fiorillo et al. (2003). Discrete coding of reward probability and uncertainty by dopamine neurons. Science.https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/science.1077349 Burkhard, P., & Rueegg, J. (2023) Warum wir den sozialen Netzwerken nicht widerstehen können. Neue Zürcher Zeitung. https://www.nzz.ch/technologie/warum-wir-den-sozialen-netzwerken-nicht-widerstehen-koennen-ld.1733551 Miltenberger, R. G. (2016). Behavior modification: Principles and procedures. Cengage Learning. Helle, M., & Helle, M. (2019). Psychotherapie: Von den Anfängen bis heute. Psychotherapie, 1-5. Kritik an Body Positivity: Körpergewicht: „Body Neutrality“ bevorzugt https://www.aerzteblatt.de/archiv/koerpergewicht-body-neutrality-bevorzugt-531249bd-9df5-47d2-ba93-3a59f1a1ef19 Haidt, J. (2024). The anxious generation: How the great rewiring of childhood is causing an epidemic of mental illness. Random House. Universität Würzburg. Generation Angst: Machen soziale Medien die Jugend psychisch krank? https://www.uni-wuerzburg.de/en/news-and-events/news/detail/news/generation-angst-thesenpapier/ Cunningham, S., Hudson, C. C., & Harkness, K. (2021). Social media and depression symptoms: a meta-analysis. Research on child and adolescent psychopathology, 49, 241-253. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/S10802-020-00715-7 Appel, M., Marker, C., & Gnambs, T. (2020). Are social media ruining our lives? A review of meta-analytic evidence. Review of General Psychology, 24(1), 60-74. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1089268019880891?journalCode=rgpa Marker, C., Gnambs, T., & Appel, M. (2018). Active on Facebook and failing at school? Meta-analytic findings on the relation- ship between online social networking activities and academic achievement. Educational Psychology Review, 30, 651-677. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10648-017-9430-6 Orben, A., & Przybylski, A. K. (2019). The association between adolescent well-being and digital technology use. Nature human behaviour, 3(2), 173-182. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-018-0506-1 Ivie, E. J., Pettitt, A., Moses, L. J., & Allen, N. B. (2020). A meta-analysis of the association between adolescent social media use and depressive symptoms. Journal of Affective Disorders, 275, 165-174. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0165032720323727 Redaktion: Dr. Jan Rudloff Produktion: Murmel Productions

Professor Yoshua Bengio is a pioneer in deep learning and Turing Award winner. Bengio talks about AI safety, why goal-seeking “agentic” AIs might be dangerous, and his vision for building powerful AI tools without giving them agency. Topics include reward tampering risks, instrumental convergence, global AI governance, and how non-agent AIs could revolutionize science and medicine while reducing existential threats. Perfect for anyone curious about advanced AI risks and how to manage them responsibly. SPONSOR MESSAGES: *** CentML offers competitive pricing for GenAI model deployment, with flexible options to suit a wide range of models, from small to large-scale deployments. https://centml.ai/pricing/ Tufa AI Labs is a brand new research lab in Zurich started by Benjamin Crouzier focussed on o-series style reasoning and AGI. Are you interested in working on reasoning, or getting involved in their events? They are hosting an event in Zurich on January 9th with the ARChitects, join if you can. Goto https://tufalabs.ai/ *** Interviewer: Tim Scarfe Yoshua Bengio: https://x.com/Yoshua_Bengio https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=kukA0LcAAAAJ&hl=en https://yoshuabengio.org/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoshua_Bengio TOC: 1. AI Safety Fundamentals [00:00:00] 1.1 AI Safety Risks and International Cooperation [00:03:20] 1.2 Fundamental Principles vs Scaling in AI Development [00:11:25] 1.3 System 1/2 Thinking and AI Reasoning Capabilities [00:15:15] 1.4 Reward Tampering and AI Agency Risks [00:25:17] 1.5 Alignment Challenges and Instrumental Convergence 2. AI Architecture and Safety Design [00:33:10] 2.1 Instrumental Goals and AI Safety Fundamentals [00:35:02] 2.2 Separating Intelligence from Goals in AI Systems [00:40:40] 2.3 Non-Agent AI as Scientific Tools [00:44:25] 2.4 Oracle AI Systems and Mathematical Safety Frameworks 3. Global Governance and Security [00:49:50] 3.1 International AI Competition and Hardware Governance [00:51:58] 3.2 Military and Security Implications of AI Development [00:56:07] 3.3 Personal Evolution of AI Safety Perspectives [01:00:25] 3.4 AI Development Scaling and Global Governance Challenges [01:12:10] 3.5 AI Regulation and Corporate Oversight 4. Technical Innovations [01:23:00] 4.1 Evolution of Neural Architectures: From RNNs to Transformers [01:26:02] 4.2 GFlowNets and Symbolic Computation [01:30:47] 4.3 Neural Dynamics and Consciousness [01:34:38] 4.4 AI Creativity and Scientific Discovery SHOWNOTES (Transcript, references, best clips etc): https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/ajucigli8n90fbxv9h94x/BENGIO_SHOW.pdf?rlkey=38hi2m19sylnr8orb76b85wkw&dl=0 CORE REFS (full list in shownotes and pinned comment): [00:00:15] Bengio et al.: "AI Risk" Statement https://www.safe.ai/work/statement-on-ai-risk [00:23:10] Bengio on reward tampering & AI safety (Harvard Data Science Review) https://hdsr.mitpress.mit.edu/pub/w974bwb0 [00:40:45] Munk Debate on AI existential risk, featuring Bengio https://munkdebates.com/debates/artificial-intelligence [00:44:30] "Can a Bayesian Oracle Prevent Harm from an Agent?" (Bengio et al.) on oracle-to-agent safety https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.05284 [00:51:20] Bengio (2024) memo on hardware-based AI governance verification https://yoshuabengio.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/FlexHEG-Memo_August-2024.pdf [01:12:55] Bengio's involvement in EU AI Act code of practice https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/meet-chairs-leading-development-first-general-purpose-ai-code-practice [01:27:05] Complexity-based compositionality theory (Elmoznino, Jiralerspong, Bengio, Lajoie) https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.14817 [01:29:00] GFlowNet Foundations (Bengio et al.) for probabilistic inference https://arxiv.org/pdf/2111.09266 [01:32:10] Discrete attractor states in neural systems (Nam, Elmoznino, Bengio, Lajoie) https://arxiv.org/pdf/2302.06403

SOL | Sleepbomb | Voidwards | Pseudodoxia | Until Death Overtakes Me | Plague Psalm Music On This Mixtape: SOL: "The alchemy of dying in dreams" taken from the album "We shall fall from the sky as burdens reborn" Sleepbomb: "Cemetery Song" taken from the album "The Sleeping Dead" Voidwards: "Bagulnik II" taken from the album "Bagulnik" Pseudodoxia: "IV : I G N I S" taken from the album "Se Solo Potessimo Cadere" Until Death Overtakes Me: "White Light" taken from the album "Diagenesis" Plague Psalm: "His Vial Upon the River Euphrates...And the Water thereof Was Dried Up" taken from the album "II: The Gifts of Wrath" Thanks for listening! I hope you enjoyed this as much as I enjoyed making it! Interviews, reviews, and more at www.dreamsofconsciousness.com

In this lecture, we prepare for the final exam and give a brief review of all topics from the course. Students are encouraged to bring their own questions so that the focus of the class is on the topics that students feel they need the most help with.

In this lecture, we wrap up the course content in IEE 475. We first do a quick overview of the four variance reduction techniques (VRT's) covered in Unit K. That is, we cover: common random numbers (CRN's), antithetic variates (AV's), importance sampling, and control variates. We then  remember some general comments about the goal of modeling and commonalities seen across simulation platforms (as well as the different types of simulation platforms in general).

In this lecture, we review four different Variance Reduction Techniques (VRT's). Namely, we discuss common random numbers (CRNs), control variates, antithetic variates (AVs), and importance sampling. Each one of these is a different approach to reducing the variance in the estimation of relative or absolute performance of a simulation model. Variance reduction is an alternative way to increase the power of a simulation that is hopefully less costly than increasing the number of replications.

In this lecture, we start by reviewing approaches for absolute and relative performance estimation in stochastic simulation. This begins with a reminder of the use of confidence intervals for estimation of performance for a single simulation model. We then move to different ways to use confidence intervals on mean DIFFERENCES to compare two different simulation models. We then move to the ranking and selection problem for three or more different simulation models, which allows us to talk about analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc tests (like the Tukey HSD or Fisher's LSD). After that review, we move on to introducing variance reduction techniques (VRTs) which reduce the size of confidence intervals by experimentally controlling/accounting for alternative sources of variance (and thus reducing the observed variance in response variables). We discuss Common Random Numbers (CRNs), which use a paired/blocked design to reduce the variance caused by different random-number streams. We start to discuss control variates (CVs), but that discussion will be picked up at the start of the next lecture.

In this lecture, we review what we have learned about one-sample confidence intervals (i.e., how to use them as graphical versions of one-sample t-tests) for absolute performance estimation in order to motivate the problem of relative performance estimation. We introduce two-sample confidence intervals (i.e., confidence intervals on DIFFERENCES based on different two-sample t-tests) that are tested against a null hypothesis of 0. This means covering confidence interval half widths for the paired-difference t-test, the equal-variance (pooled) t-test, and Welch's unequal variance t-test. Each of these different experimental conditions sets up a different standard error of the mean formula and formula for degrees of freedom that are used to define the actual confidence interval half widths (centered on the difference in sample means in the pairwise comparison of systems). We then generalize to the case of more than 2 systems, particularly for "ranking and selection (R&S)." This lets us review the multiple-comparisons problem (and Bonferroni correction) and how post hoc tests (after an ANOVA) are more statistically powerful ways to do comparisons.

In this lecture, we review estimating absolute performance from simulation, with focus on choosing the number of necessary replications of transient simulations of terminating systems. The lecture starts by overviewing point estimation, bias, and different types of point estimators. This includes an overview of quantile estimation and how to use quantile estimation to use simulations as null-hypothesis-prediction generators. We the introduce interval estimation with confidence intervals and prediction intervals. Confidence intervals, which are visualizations of t-tests, provide an alternative way to choose the number of required replications without doing a formal power analysis.

In this lecture, we start by further reviewing confidence intervals (where they come from and what they mean) and prediction intervals and then use them to motivate a simpler way to determine how many replications are needed in a simulation study (focusing first on transient simulations of terminating systems). We then shift our attention to steady-state simulations of non-terminating systems and the issue of initialization bias. We discuss different methods of "warming up" a steady-state simulation to reduce initialization bias and then merge that discussion with the prior discussion on how to choose the number of replications. In the next lecture, we'll finish up with a discussion of the method of "batch means" in steady-state simulations.

 In this lecture, we review statistical fundamentals – such as the origins of the t-test, the meaning of type-I and type-II error (and alternative terminology for both, such as false positive rate and false negative rate) and the connection to statistical power (sensitivity). We review the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve and give a qualitative description of where it gets its shape in a hypothesis test. We close with a validation example (from Lecture H) where we use a power analysis on a one-sample t-test to help justify whether we have gathered enough data to trust that a simulation model is a good match for reality when it has a similar mean output performance to the real system.

In this lecture, we introduce the estimation of absolute performance measures in simulation – effectively shifting our focus from validating input models to validating and making inferences about simulation outputs. Most of this lecture is a review of statistics and reasons for the assumptions for various parametric and non-exact non-parametric methods. We also introduce a few more advanced statistical topics, such as non-parametric methods and special high-power tests for normality. We then switch to focusing on simulations and their outputs, starting with the definition of terminating and non-terminating systems as well as the related transient and steady-state simulations. We will pick up next time with discussing details related to performance measures (and methods) for transient simulations next time and steady-state simulations after that. Our goal was to discuss the difference between point estimation and interval estimation for simulation, but we will hold off to discuss that topic in the next lecture.

During this lecture slot, we start with slides from Lecture G3 (on goodness of fit) that were missed during the previous lecture due to timing. In particular, we review hypothesis testing fundamentals (type-I error, type-II error, statistical power, sensitivity, false positive rate, true negative rate, receiver operating characteristic, ROC, alpha, beta) and then go into examples of using Chi-squared and Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests for goodness of fit for arbitrary distributions. We also introduce Anderson–Darling (for flexibility and higher power) and Shapiro–Wilk (for high-powered normality testing).We close with where we originally intended to start – with definitions of testing, verification, validation, and calibration. We will pick up from here next time.

In this lecture, we (nearly) finish our coverage of Input Modeling, where the focus of this lecture is on parameter estimation and assessing goodness of fit. We review input modeling in general and then briefly review fundamentals of hypothesis testing. We discuss type-I error, p-values, type-II error, effect sizes, and statistical power. We discuss the dangers of using p-values at very large sample sizes (where small p-values are not meaningful) and at very small sample sizes (where large p-values are not meaningful). We give some examples of this applied to best-of-7 sports tournaments and voting. We then discuss different shape parameters (including location, scale, and rate), and then introduce summary statistics (sample mean and sample variance) and maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), with an example for a point estimate of the rate of an exponential. We introduce the chi-squared (lower power) and Kolmogorov–Smirnov (KS, high power) tests for goodness of fit, but we will go into them in more detail at the start of the next lecture.

In this episode, Joe Zeccola joins Sharona and Bosley to discuss the interplay between discrete skills and more "holistic" skills, primarily in the discipline of writing. Utilizing some questions asked by Dr. Emily Pitts Donahoe in a recent blog post about Rhetorical Analysis, Joe, Sharona and Bosley explore the balance between assessing discrete individual skills and assessing more holistic processes and how that might play into the design of an alternatively graded course.LinksPlease note - any books linked here are likely Amazon Associates links. Clicking on them and purchasing through them helps support the show. Thanks for your support!Teaching Reading and Analysis with…Standards-Based Collaborative Grading? by Dr. Emily Pitts DonahoeTime for Meaning: Crafting Literate Lives in Middle & High School by Randy BomerReading/Writing Connection, The: Strategies for Teaching and Learning in the Secondary Classroom by Carol Booth OlsonThe Reading Apprenticeship frameworkPoint-Less: An English Teacher's Guide to More Meaningful GradingDeveloping Assessment-Capable Visible Learners, Grades K-12: Maximizing Skill, Will, and Thrill (Corwin Literacy) by Nancy Frey, John Hattie and Doug FisherResourcesThe Center for Grading Reform - seeking to advance education in the United States by supporting effective grading reform at all levels through conferences, educational workshops, professional development, research and scholarship, influencing public policy, and community building.The Grading Conference - an annual, online conference exploring Alternative Grading in Higher Education & K-12.Some great resources to educate yourself about Alternative Grading:The Grading for Growth BlogThe Grading ConferenceThe Intentional Academia BlogRecommended Books on Alternative Grading:Grading for Growth, by Robert Talbert and David Clark

In this lecture, we continue discussing the choice of input models in stochastic simulation. Here, we pivot from talking about data collection to selection of the broad family of probabilistic distributions that may be a good fit for data. We start with an example where a histogram leads us to introduce additional input models into a flow chart. The rest of the lecture is about choosing models based on physical intuition and the shape of the sampled data (e.g., the shape of histograms). We close with a discussion of probability plots – Q-Q plots and P-P plots, as are used with "fat-pencil tests" – as a good tool for justifying the choice of a family for a certain data set. The next lecture will go over the actual estimation of the parameters for the chosen families and how to quantitatively assess goodness of fit.

In this lecture, we introduce the detailed process of input modeling. Input models are probabilistic models that introduce variation in simulation models of systems. Those input models must be chosen to match statistical distributions in data. Over this unit, we cover collection of data for this process, choice of probabilistic families to fit to these data, and then optimized parameter choice within those families and evaluation of fit with goodness of fit. In this lecture, we discuss issues related to data collection.

During this lecture, we review the topics covered up to this point in the course as preparation for the upcoming midterm exam. Students are encouraged to bring their own questions to class so that we can focus on the topics that students feel like they need the most help with.

Send us a textThe unique nature of discrete manufacturing necessitates specialized capabilities and approaches. Unlike process manufacturing, which is formula-driven, discrete manufacturing focuses on managing individual components and the quantity of finished units. This specificity can pose challenges, especially when integrating varied materials and components. Consequently, discrete manufacturers must consider a range of factors to optimize their operations, from precise inventory control to advanced production techniques, ensuring that each component fits seamlessly into the final product.In this episode, our host, Sam Gupta, discusses the top 10 discrete manufacturing ERP systems in 2024. He also discusses several variables that influence the rankings of discrete manufacturing ERP systems. Finally, he shares the pros and cons of each discrete manufacturing ERP Systems.For more information on growth strategies for SMBs using ERP and digital transformation, visit our community at wbs. rocks or elevatiq.com. To ensure that you never miss an episode of the WBS podcast, subscribe on your favorite podcasting platform. 

Fictional detectives are some of the most beloved characters in print and on-screen. It's easy to relate to someone with an overblown sense of justice and a need to set the world right (or as right as it can be). There are nosy neighbors like Nancy Drew and Miss Marple with no real credentials whatsoever and police detectives — Hello, Harry Bosch! Ta, Inspector Lynley! — with entire departments behind them. Relentless journalists, dogged medical examiners, resourceful bounty hunters (We see you, Stefanie Plum!), and, perhaps, the most endearing detectives of them all: private eyes. This show is all about the gumshoes who work outside the pesky laws of search warrants and chain of evidence. Who maybe toil in an office with a frosted glass door and a dame with moxie tapping away at a typewriter — or perhaps the dame with moxie is the detective. This installment celebrates independent investigators who distract and delight in their search for the truth. In this episode, we meet the world's first PI and first American lady detective, delve into Poe scholarship and the problem with his ‘The Murders in the Rue Morgue,' and discuss one of the kindest mystery authors. Then we recommend five books we love that put us in the thick of dangerous inquiries, including the escapades of a thoroughly modern detective agency, an urban mystery with a bookish PI, a British caper with an unforgettable hero, a how-to for wannabe detectives, and a noir-tinged fantasy novel about a reluctant sleuth. Here are the books about Detective Agencies we recommend on the show: The Verifiers by Jane Pek IQ by Joe Ide Odds Against by Dick Francis The Complete Idiot's Guide to Private Investigating by Steven Kerry Brown The Manual of Detection by Jedediah Berry For more on the books we recommend, plus the other cool stuff we talk about, visit show notes. Sign up for our free Substack to connect with us and other lovely readers who are curious about the world. Transcript of Detective Agency: Discrete Inquiries, Mysteries Solved Do you enjoy our show? Do you want be friends with other (lovely) people who love books and travel? Please support our work on Patreon! Strong Sense of Place is an audience-funded endeavor, and we need your support to continue making this show. Get all the info you need right here. Thank you! Parts of the Strong Sense of Place podcast are produced in udio. Some effects are provided by soundly. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

What should we be talking about? Anything and everything! Bald cap threats, the inability to understand people, plucking thoughts from mid-air, abdominal cramps, lactose tolerance, dragons, long form rants, and living life unfiltered! Enjoy this week's episode!CHECK OUT OUR PARODY MUSIC VIDEO: https://youtu.be/Mwk1PCcBk-8?si=ApfMkqNV5cKYxHDJLeave us a voicemail at 702-900-6446, share your dirty secrets, stories, and questions/comments with us! Or email twndpodcast@gmail.com with an eye-catching subject line!Follow the podcast on our socialshttps://www.instagram.com/twndpodcast https://www.twitter.com/twndpodcast SUBSCRIBE to our YouTube: https://bit.ly/TWNDsubscribeJOIN US ON PATREON for ad-free, BTS, and more: https://bit.ly/TWNDpatreon Join our Members-Only YouTube: https://bit.ly/TWNDYTMolly's Links https://www.instagram.com/thisredheadissfw https://www.tiktok.com/@leavemollyaloneSPONSORSExperience the taboo-free community of Jerkmate. Sign up through our special link to help the pod and help yourself to an eyeful of delicious choices and exclusive shows! Try it out: bit.ly/jerkTWNDGet hydrated & STAY hydrated with the amazing taste of LiquidIV! Get 15% off when you use code TWND or this link: https://bit.ly/TWNDLIVBring pleasure right to your door in a beautiful box. Check out our friends at Honey Play Box for all your intimate needs: https://bit.ly/HoneyPlayTWNDSurprise your partner (or spoil yourself) with something very geeky to use in the bedroom! Geeky S*x Toys has everything to fulfill your fantasy from lightsabers (that feel like RIGHTsabers) to colorful tentacles! Use code TWND10 to save 10% at https://bit.ly/twnd10GEEKYCute ring lights, just like we use for the podcast! Use our link and help support this podcast! Shop Kawaii Lighting for all your RGB ring light needs: http://bit.ly/KawaiiTWNDQuinky fantasy-wear? Yes, please! Treat yourself or your partner to something from https://www.misterpierre.com and use code TWND to save on your purchase! Discrete storage for your portable aromatherapy needs: https://bit.ly/TWNDsmyleProduced

Dr. Emily Casanova is a professor of Neuroscience and Psychology at Loyola University in New Orleans who studies autism, human/neanderthal hybridization, and sundry soft tissue disorders that are often co-inherited with autism. Her research has shown that autism spectrum disorders are underpinned by a complex network of genetic interactions whose first emergence can be traced back to human/neanderthal interbreeding nearly 40,000 years ago. This suggests that, contrary to popular belief, the grounds for autism spectrum disorders long predate the first diagnoses made in the early 20th century. We talk about why it's so hard to come up with a genetic cause for autism, why “species” might not mean what we think it does, intricacies of embryogenesis, and why environmental causes are so hard to talk about. Sign up for our Patreon and get episodes early + join our weekly Patron Chat https://bit.ly/3lcAasB AND rock some Demystify Gear to spread the word: https://demystifysci.myspreadshop.com/ OR do your Amazon shopping through this link for Dr. Casanova's Book, Defining Autism: https://amzn.to/4d8sK30 (00:00) Go! (00:07:46) Is autism actually exploding? (00:16:15) Culture of autism? (00:26:10) Genetic linkage not so clear (00:31:51) Defining autism (00:47:39) Genetics v. cause (00:56:28) How much does genetics matter in autism? (01:04:00) Environmental arguments (01:13:33) Species don't really exist (01:26:29) Neaderthal roots of autism? (01:40:38) Continued human evolution (01:50:56) Making the world knowable as inherently valuable (02:08:36) AI applications in education #sciencepodcast, #longformpodcast, #AutismResearch, #NeurodiversityScience, #HumanEvolution, #NeanderthalDNA, #GeneticComplexity, #NeuroscienceInsights, #SpeciesBlending, #AutismOrigins, #EmbryologyTalks, #EnvironmentalFactors, #AutismSpectrum, #HumanNeandertalHybridization, #GeneticInteractions, Check our short-films channel, @DemystifySci: https://www.youtube.com/c/DemystifyingScience AND our material science investigations of atomics, @MaterialAtomics https://www.youtube.com/@MaterialAtomics Join our mailing list https://bit.ly/3v3kz2S PODCAST INFO: Anastasia completed her PhD studying bioelectricity at Columbia University. When not talking to brilliant people or making movies, she spends her time painting, reading, and guiding backcountry excursions. Shilo also did his PhD at Columbia studying the elastic properties of molecular water. When he's not in the film studio, he's exploring sound in music. They are both freelance professors at various universities. - Blog: http://DemystifySci.com/blog - RSS: https://anchor.fm/s/2be66934/podcast/rss - Donate: https://bit.ly/3wkPqaD - Swag: https://bit.ly/2PXdC2y SOCIAL: - Discord: https://discord.gg/MJzKT8CQub - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/groups/DemystifySci - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/DemystifySci/ - Twitter: https://twitter.com/DemystifySci MUSIC: -Shilo Delay: https://g.co/kgs/oty671

Our approach to Discrete Trial Teaching (DTT) today might look a lot different to what we did in the past, or how we were taught in school. In the past, DTT was heavy on memorization, and it often lacked a natural environment component. Here, we discuss the evolution of DTT, what's changed, and how we can apply it in our current work. We talk about the three-term contingency model of DTT and discuss some of the common misconceptions of the technique. We also discuss what a true child-led approach looks like and how to individualize DTT for both client and therapist.What's Inside:The evolution of DTT and how we use it todayCommon misconceptions about DTTHow to individualize DTT for clients and therapistsMentioned In This Episode:HowToABA.com/joinHow to ABA on YouTubeFind us on FacebookFollow us on InstagramThree Term Contingency Download

This week's topics: • Not collaboration songs from Drake & Future / Rick Ross • Women with tattoos • Playing sports with your spawn • Being proud of the youngsters in the family • Shxts'n'Gigs Podcast selling out the o2 arena • Beef between rappers and singers • Music artists sharing the same women • Discrete women • Acting at the start of a relationship • Women approaching men for relations • Men not asking follow up questions • Having strict boundaries on what you can talk about with someone • Proposed smoking ban • Trying to impose bans on humans • Speed limit limitations • Browser cookies • Nestle found to be putting unhealthy amounts of sugar in baby food in the products they sell • How clean is the water we drink • Alkaline water benefits • Healthy eating and how hard it is • #AITA for wanting to walk out on my good but unhygienic husband • #StavrosSays : Civil War Movie [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c2G18nIVpNE] • #StavrosSays : Oasis Water Ratings [https://www.live-oasis.com/search/bottled-water] Connect with us at & send your questions & comments to: #ESNpod so we can find your comments www.esnpodcast.com www.facebook.com/ESNpodcasts www.twitter.com/ESNpodcast www.instagram.com/ESNpodcast @esnpodcast on all other social media esnpodcast@gmail.com It's important to subscribe, rate and review us on your apple products. You can do that here... www.bit.ly/esnitunes

For the best OTC hearing aids for seniors with perceived mild to moderate hearing loss, choose NANO! More details at https://nanohearingaids.com/ Hearing At Home LLC City: Coppell Address: 511 South Royal Lane Website: https://hearingathome.com/ Phone: +1 (404) 822-3309 Email: ab@clearviewcom.com

Senbiosys introduces a new innovative product called the VELIA smart ring, which is a discrete health tracker designed to look like a piece of jewelry. The VELIA smart ring is a product of Senbiosys, a Swiss startup that specializes in developing the next generation of health monitoring sensors. The ring features miniaturized photoplethysmography sensors, which are typically found in smartwatches like the Apple Watch, that track vital signs such as heart rate, oxygen saturation, and respiration rate.Discrete health tracker in jewelryOne of the key features of the VELIA smart ring is its discreet design, making it suitable for both male and female users. Unlike other smart rings on the market that are bulky and masculine in design, the VELIA smart ring is designed to look like a piece of jewelry, making it appealing to a wider audience. The ring is equipped with multiple sensors placed strategically around the ring to ensure accurate and consistent tracking of vital signs, even when the ring rotates on the finger.The VELIA smart ring focuses on three main health monitoring axes: sleep monitoring, stress monitoring, and hypertension prevention. The ring tracks sleep patterns, stages of sleep, stress levels, and tendencies towards hypertension during sleep. By analyzing this data over time, the ring can provide users with insights into their health and alert them to any potential issues that may arise. This proactive approach to health monitoring aims to help users make lifestyle changes to improve their overall well-being and prevent chronic conditions like hypertension.The ring also comes with a companion app where users can view their vital sign data and receive alerts when necessary. Additionally, the ring's server and algorithms work in the background to analyze the data and provide users with personalized health recommendations.Lots of capability and battery lifeThe VELIA smart ring is unique in that it is not only functional but also fashionable. The ring is waterproof, allowing users to wear it in the shower or while swimming without any issues. This feature adds to the convenience and versatility of the smart ring, making it suitable for daily use without any restrictions. Additionally, the ring is available in a range of sizes, from US 6 to US 14, ensuring that there is a size to fit every user comfortably.One of the key features of the VELIA smart ring is its battery life and charging capabilities. The smallest size of the ring can last for three to four days on a single charge, while the larger sizes can last up to five days. This ensures that users can wear the ring for an extended period without having to constantly worry about recharging. Furthermore, the charging time for the ring is quick, with only 20 minutes needed for a full charge. This quick charging time adds to the convenience of the ring, allowing users to quickly recharge it while they go about their daily routine.Development cycle and new featuresIn terms of development, Senbiosys is still in the early stages of bringing the VELIA smart ring to market. The company initially focused on developing sensors for B2B purposes but saw the potential in creating a consumer product. After a successful crowdfunding campaign on Kickstarter and Indiegogo, which garnered over $1.8 million in pre-orders, Senbiosys decided to move forward with the production of the smart ring. The company is currently finalizing the design with their EMS partners for industrialization and is in the process of fundraising to support mass production and delivery to backers.Looking ahead, Senbiosys aims to launch the VELIA smart ring in Q2 2024, pending successful funding. The company is confident in the potential of the smart ring and is eager to bring it to market to meet the demand from consumers. Those interested in learning more about the VELIA smart ring can visit the Senbiosys website or the VELIA smart ring community website for more information.Conclusion: A small but mighty deviceOverall, the VELIA smart ring represents a new and innovative approach to health monitoring by combining technology with fashion. With its stylish design, waterproof capabilities, and long battery life, the smart ring offers users a convenient and effective way to track their health and well-being. By integrating health tracking capabilities into a discreet and stylish piece of jewelry, Senbiosys aims to make health monitoring more accessible and appealing to a wider audience. The VELIA smart ring has the potential to revolutionize the way we track and manage our health, providing users with valuable insights and tools to improve their overall well-being.Interview by Scott Ertz of F5 Live: Refreshing Technology.Sponsored by: Get $5 to protect your credit card information online with Privacy. Amazon Prime gives you more than just free shipping. Get free music, TV shows, movies, videogames and more. The most flexible tools for podcasting. Get a 30 day free trial of storage and statistics.

Senbiosys introduces a new innovative product called the VELIA smart ring, which is a discrete health tracker designed to look like a piece of jewelry. The VELIA smart ring is a product of Senbiosys, a Swiss startup that specializes in developing the next generation of health monitoring sensors. The ring features miniaturized photoplethysmography sensors, which are typically found in smartwatches like the Apple Watch, that track vital signs such as heart rate, oxygen saturation, and respiration rate.Discrete health tracker in jewelryOne of the key features of the VELIA smart ring is its discreet design, making it suitable for both male and female users. Unlike other smart rings on the market that are bulky and masculine in design, the VELIA smart ring is designed to look like a piece of jewelry, making it appealing to a wider audience. The ring is equipped with multiple sensors placed strategically around the ring to ensure accurate and consistent tracking of vital signs, even when the ring rotates on the finger.The VELIA smart ring focuses on three main health monitoring axes: sleep monitoring, stress monitoring, and hypertension prevention. The ring tracks sleep patterns, stages of sleep, stress levels, and tendencies towards hypertension during sleep. By analyzing this data over time, the ring can provide users with insights into their health and alert them to any potential issues that may arise. This proactive approach to health monitoring aims to help users make lifestyle changes to improve their overall well-being and prevent chronic conditions like hypertension.The ring also comes with a companion app where users can view their vital sign data and receive alerts when necessary. Additionally, the ring's server and algorithms work in the background to analyze the data and provide users with personalized health recommendations.Lots of capability and battery lifeThe VELIA smart ring is unique in that it is not only functional but also fashionable. The ring is waterproof, allowing users to wear it in the shower or while swimming without any issues. This feature adds to the convenience and versatility of the smart ring, making it suitable for daily use without any restrictions. Additionally, the ring is available in a range of sizes, from US 6 to US 14, ensuring that there is a size to fit every user comfortably.One of the key features of the VELIA smart ring is its battery life and charging capabilities. The smallest size of the ring can last for three to four days on a single charge, while the larger sizes can last up to five days. This ensures that users can wear the ring for an extended period without having to constantly worry about recharging. Furthermore, the charging time for the ring is quick, with only 20 minutes needed for a full charge. This quick charging time adds to the convenience of the ring, allowing users to quickly recharge it while they go about their daily routine.Development cycle and new featuresIn terms of development, Senbiosys is still in the early stages of bringing the VELIA smart ring to market. The company initially focused on developing sensors for B2B purposes but saw the potential in creating a consumer product. After a successful crowdfunding campaign on Kickstarter and Indiegogo, which garnered over $1.8 million in pre-orders, Senbiosys decided to move forward with the production of the smart ring. The company is currently finalizing the design with their EMS partners for industrialization and is in the process of fundraising to support mass production and delivery to backers.Looking ahead, Senbiosys aims to launch the VELIA smart ring in Q2 2024, pending successful funding. The company is confident in the potential of the smart ring and is eager to bring it to market to meet the demand from consumers. Those interested in learning more about the VELIA smart ring can visit the Senbiosys website or the VELIA smart ring community website for more information.Conclusion: A small but mighty deviceOverall, the VELIA smart ring represents a new and innovative approach to health monitoring by combining technology with fashion. With its stylish design, waterproof capabilities, and long battery life, the smart ring offers users a convenient and effective way to track their health and well-being. By integrating health tracking capabilities into a discreet and stylish piece of jewelry, Senbiosys aims to make health monitoring more accessible and appealing to a wider audience. The VELIA smart ring has the potential to revolutionize the way we track and manage our health, providing users with valuable insights and tools to improve their overall well-being.Interview by Scott Ertz of F5 Live: Refreshing Technology.Sponsored by: Get $5 to protect your credit card information online with Privacy. Amazon Prime gives you more than just free shipping. Get free music, TV shows, movies, videogames and more. The most flexible tools for podcasting. Get a 30 day free trial of storage and statistics.

Welcome to The Nonlinear Library, where we use Text-to-Speech software to convert the best writing from the Rationalist and EA communities into audio. This is: Review of EA Global Bay Area 2024 (Global Catastrophic Risks), published by frances lorenz on March 1, 2024 on The Effective Altruism Forum. EA Global: Bay Area (Global Catastrophic Risks) took place February 2-4. We hosted 820 attendees, 47 of whom volunteered over the weekend to help run the event. Thank you to everyone who attended and a special thank you to our volunteers - we hope it was a valuable weekend! Photos and recorded talks You can now check out photos from the event. Recorded talks, such as the media panel on impactful GCR communication, Tessa Alexanian's talk on preventing engineered pandemics, Joe Carlsmith's discussion of scheming AIs, and more, are now available on our Youtube channel. A brief summary of attendee feedback Our post-event feedback survey received 184 responses. This is lower than our average completion rate - we're still accepting feedback responses and would love to hear from all our attendees. Each response helps us get better summary metrics and we look through each short answer. To submit your feedback, you can visit the Swapcard event page and click the Feedback Survey button. The survey link can also be found in a post-event email sent to all attendees with the subject line, "EA Global: Bay Area 2024 | Thank you for attending!" Key metrics The EA Global team uses a several key metrics to estimate the impact of our events. These metrics, and the questions we use in our feedback survey to measure them, include: Likelihood to recommend (How likely is it that you would recommend EA Global to a friend or colleague with similar interests to your own? Discrete scale from 0 to 10, 0 being not at all likely and 10 being extremely likely) Number of new connections[1] (How many new connections did you make at this event?) Number of impactful connections[2] (Of those new connections, how many do you think might be impactful connections?) Number of Swapcard meetings per person (This data is pulled from Swapcard) Counterfactual use of attendee time (To what extent was this EA Global a good use of your time, compared to how you would have otherwise spent your time? A discrete scale ranging from, "a waste of my time, 10x the counterfactual") The likelihood to recommend for this event was higher compared to last year's EA Global: Bay Area and our EA Global 2023 average (i.e. the average across the three EA Globals we hosted in 2023) (see Table 1). Number of new connections was slightly down compared to the 2023 average, while the number of impactful connections was slightly up. The counterfactual use of time reported by attendees was slightly higher overall than Boston 2023 (the first EA Global we used this metric at), though there was also an increase in the number of reports that the event was a worse use of attendees' time (see Figure 1). Metric (average of all respondents) EAG BA 2024 (GCR) EAG BA 2023 EAG 2023 average Likelihood to recommend (0 - 10) 8.78 8.54 8.70 Number of new connections 9.05 11.5 9.72 Number of impactful connections 4.15 4.8 4.09 Swapcard meetings per person 6.73 5.26 5.24 Table 1. A summary of key metrics from the post-event feedback surveys for EA Global: Bay Area 2024 (GCRs), EA Global: Bay Area 2023, and the average from all three EA Globals hosted in 2023. Feedback on the GCRs focus 37% of respondents rated this event more valuable than a standard EA Global, 34% rated it roughly as valuable and 9% as less valuable. 20% of respondents had not attended an EA Global event previously (Figure 2). If the event had been a regular EA Global (i.e. not focussed on GCRs), most respondents predicted they would have still attended. To be more precise, approximately 90% of respondents reported having over 50% probability of attending the event in the absence of a GCR ...

This week Be a Man, John Fiore, and Tonzo talk about going postal, Taking an exam to be a postman, Raised by mailmen, Modern postal workers, Drugs in the mail, Tipping your postman, The pony express, Love letters, Discrete packaging, Lost in the mail, Stealing mail, The postman rings twice, Losing your mind at work and some fan questions from the Be A Man Mailbag ALL BE A MAN LINKS: http://www.Link.me/bostonbeaman

Dombresky looks back on some of his favorite tracks from the year on a special year-end 2023 mix on #ProcessRadio! 01. Dombresky - Bless Me (with Discrete) 02. DENNIS FERRER - HEY HEY 03. Jorja Smith - Little Things (VITO (UK) EDIT) 04. DIMMISH - Faida 05. LF SYSTEM - Big Sax 06. DOMBRESKY - TOO SOON 07. HAYNES - Front & Back 08. Mochakk - Jealous 09. Jamie Jones - Lose My Mind 10. Ali Love, CamelPhat - Compute 11. MK & DOM DOLLA - RHYME DUST 12. Renato Cohen - Windy 13. K & K - Unity 14. Enzo - Smooth Operator 15. Mark Knight, Green Velvet, James Hurr - The Greatest Thing Alive 16. BLOND:ISH - Call My Name 17. BRIGHTER DAY x DOMPE HARD LIFE 18. Disco Dom - Be The One 19. Airwolf Paradise - Only Man Feat. Paul Johnson 20. Hot Since 82, Paige Cavell, Us Two - Never Enough 21. Dombresky - Lift Off 22. Solardo x Mandalo - Lemon and Lime

Still reeling from her emotional meeting with Pedro, Chantel decides to have a yard sale for all the items he left behind. After arriving in the Dominican Republic, Pedreo finds that his mother's love life is even more dramatic than his own.Please rate and subscribe to our podcast. You can rate us at either Apple Podcasts, https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/realitea-times-two/id1689517536 or spotify, https://open.spotify.com/show/7rInYf1BD8YiFeCeOOx8gI. I will also start reading your 4 or 5-star ratings on the air!If you like us, please share with your friends.Please visit and follow us on:Facebook: https://facebook.com/realiteatimestwoIG: https://instagram.com/realiteatimestwoThreads: https://www.threads.net/@realiteatimestwoTwitter/X: https://twitter.com/RealiteaxTwoPod You can also e-mail us at realiteaxtwo@hotmail.com. If you want to be a guest on the podcast, please e-mail at us at the above e-mail and please put in the subject line "Guesting on Your Podcast". Please also mention which show you would prefer to guest on.You can find us on Youtube at https://www.youtube.com/@realiteatimestwoFind us on Discord at realiteaxtwoFollow us on Reddit at https://www.reddit.com/r/realiteatimestwopod/ We have a new website where you can listen to the podcast as well as get links to all ways to listen to our podcast and contact with us at https://solo.to/realiteatimestwo Listen to my new podcast with my friend Mikel called "Next Take Podcast" at the below YouTube link at: www.youtube.com/@NextTakePodcast/featured or by going to our website www.solo.to/nexttakepodcastIf you want to start your own podcast, please click the link: https://alitu.com?fp_ref=realitea to get 20% off on starting your very own podcast, plus it supports the show!Want to spice up your love life, go to www.loveshop.ca and use our coupon code: REALITEA2 to buy anything your heart's desire.Have you ever wanted to be a guest on a podcast. Well you can make that happen by going to PodMatch and signing up to become a podcast guest. Use the unique link below to and find us! https://www.joinpodmatch.com/realitea Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In this episode of The PODdoctors podcast, Dr. Damien Dauphinee, a board-certified foot and ankle surgeon, and Dr. Raafae Hussain, a fellowship-trained foot and ankle surgeon, discuss a case of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) type two. They explain the difference between CRPS type one and type two, and how a discrete nerve injury can be misdiagnosed as CRPS. They share the story of a patient who developed debilitating nerve pain after bunion surgery and was suffering for six and a half years before being properly diagnosed. The doctors perform a diagnostic block and identify a specific nerve injury. They then perform a surgical procedure to cap the damaged nerve and bury it in muscle to prevent the development of a stump neuroma. The patient experiences significant pain relief and is on the path to recovery.QUOTES:"As long as that end nerve is no longer connected to the brain, that's going to wither and shrivel up and go through Olarian degeneration and go away." -Dr. Damien Dauphinee“Complex regional pain syndrome. There are two versions. There's a type one, which is nondescript, there's no specific nerve pathway, and there's a type two, which it's more associated with a specific nerve pathway, usually associated with an injury.” -Dr. Raafae HussainTop Takeaways:Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) can be misdiagnosed if a discrete nerve injury is not identified.Discrete nerve injuries can cause chronic pain and other symptoms similar to CRPS.Surgical intervention, such as capping the damaged nerve and burying it in muscle, can provide significant pain relief for patients with a discrete nerve injury.What You Will Learn:Differentiating between general CRPS and discrete nerve injuryOptions for nerve reconstruction or cappingPreventing stump neuromaImportance of identifying discrete nerve injuries in CRPS patients The need for psychiatric care in some cases The importance of multimodal pain management CRPS Warriors support group for patientsResources:Visit our website: https://thepoddoctors.com/

There are a lot of myths about discrete trial teaching, like when it is used and how it needs to be implemented. Discrete trial teaching is an evidence-based practice that allows a high level of repetition for students to practice a particular skill. They can be incredibly effective in helping students with autism learn new skills when they are used properly. But there are certain elements that need to be included in discrete trials to actually make it true discrete trial teaching.In this episode, I am breaking down the components that make up discrete trial teaching. We are looking at the evidence behind DTT, what discrete trial teaching actually is, what skills discrete trials are useful for, and what skills DTT is limited for. 01:54 - The history and research behind ABA and autism08:17 - What discrete trials are and why they are so effective10:52 - The importance of attending behavior in discrete trials12:38 - Why we need to use clear and concise directions during discrete trials17:31 - How prompting is used in DTT18:55 - The role of reinforcer and consequences21:36 - Some considerations in the ways you can provide discrete trial teachingShow Notes: http://autismclassroomresources.com/episode189Resources:Discrete Trials Kit: Beginning Learner Skills Discrete Trials Kit: Colors (Matching, Receptive, Expressive)20 Ways to Change Up How Students Respond in Discrete TrialsWhat are Prompts? 5 Main Types of Prompts in a Free InfographicDoes DTT Have to be 1-1? 3 Ways to Provide Discrete Trials in a GroupWhat is Applied Behavior Analysis or ABA?Join the Autism Classroom Resources' Free Resource Library Get more information about the Special Educator AcademyJoin the Free Facebook Group If you're enjoying this podcast, could you please take a quick moment to leave your review on Apple Podcasts? It would mean the world to me and will help spread the word to other special educators. ⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️

Bumper mailbag! Send stuff to: EEVblog Mailbag PO Box 7949 Norwest NSW 2153 AUSTRALIA 00:00 – Mailbag 00:18 – Barry Marshall, Nobel Prize Winner returns a faulty 121GW

YouTube link: https://youtu.be/NKOd8imBa2s Prof. Jonathan Oppenheim focuses on the stochastic coupling between quantum mechanics and gravity, offering alternative views to loop quantum gravity and string theory. - Patreon: https://patreon.com/curtjaimungal (early access to ad-free audio episodes!) - Crypto: https://tinyurl.com/cryptoTOE - PayPal: https://tinyurl.com/paypalTOE - Twitter: https://twitter.com/TOEwithCurt - Discord Invite: https://discord.com/invite/kBcnfNVwqs - iTunes: https://podcasts.apple.com/ca/podcast/better-left-unsaid-with-curt-jaimungal/id1521758802 - Pandora: https://pdora.co/33b9lfP - Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/4gL14b92xAErofYQA7bU4e - Subreddit r/TheoriesOfEverything: https://reddit.com/r/theoriesofeverything - TOE Merch: https://tinyurl.com/TOEmerch LINKS MENTIONED: - Podcast w/ Nicholas Gisin on TOE: https://youtu.be/jcHzgy0I6gk - Jonathan Oppenheim's Quanta video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DkRbNXILroI - Chapel Hill Conference Documentary on Quantum Gravity (Curt Jaimungal): https://youtu.be/eBA3RUxkZdc - The Second Laws of Quantum Thermodynamics: https://arxiv.org/abs/1305.5278 - Podcast w/ Chiara Marletto on TOE: COMING SOON https://youtube.com/TheoriesOfEverything - Podcast with Lue Elizondo on TOE: https://youtu.be/wULw64ZL1Bg - Podcast with Edward Frankel on TOE: https://youtu.be/n_oPMcvHbAc - Podcast w/ Theo Von on TOE: https://youtu.be/1cziCepYeEM?t=4673 - Podcast w/ Joscha Bach on TOE: https://youtu.be/3MNBxfrmfmI - Podcast w/ Noam Chomsky on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLZ7ikzmc6zlORiRfcaQe8ZdxKxF-e2BCY - Podcast w/ Stephen Wolfram on TOE: https://youtu.be/1sXrRc3Bhrs - Every TOE Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/@TheoriesofEverything/playlists TIMESTAMPS: - 00:00:00 Introduction - 00:02:37 Integrating general relativity and quantum theory - 00:05:18 The nature of classical mechanics - 00:10:12 Discrete vs continuous space in physics - 00:13:32 Boundary of physics and philosophy - 00:18:44 Post-quantum theory of classical gravity - 00:20:00 Mongrel relativity - 00:24:00 The issue of causal structure in quantum theory of gravity - 00:27:18 Gravity and string theory - 00:34:26 Quantum-classical system coupling (Feynman's position) - 00:45:31 Quantum vs post-quantum noise - 00:58:08 Quantum thermodynamics and the multiple Second Laws - 01:03:35 No-go theorem and classical gravity - 01:06:09 Bohmian mechanics vs many-worlds - 01:08:07 Advice for quantum gravity researchers - 01:13:57 Independent study and learning - 01:15:35 Graviton entanglement testing - 01:20:05 The struggle of podcasting (Theories of Everything's journey) - 01:21:26 Future projects for TOE - 01:24:52 Gratitude for support Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Julia Ferguson and Joe Cihon join us to talk about their paper, Toward Efficiency and Effectiveness: Comparing Equivalence‑based Instruction to Progressive Discrete Trial Teaching   Show Notes   Remember to join us on Facebook to suggest articles to review and questions for authors. https://www.facebook.com/BApractice Acknowledgments Host and Executive Producer: Cody Morris, Ph.D., BCBA-D, LBA https://salve.edu/users/dr-cody-morris Assistant Producers Jesse Perrin Evan Switzer Jacob Oliveira Organizational Support ABAI https://www.abainternational.org/welcome.aspx Behavior Analysis in Practice Editor, Stephanie Peterson, Ph.D., BCBA-D, LBA https://www.abainternational.org/journals/bap.aspx Music Cruising Altitude by Jim Carr and his band New Latitude http://www.newlatitudemusic.com Link to Article Toward Efficiency and Effectiveness: Comparing Equivalence-based Instruction to Progressive Discrete Trial Teaching | SpringerLink References Ferguson, J. L., Cihon, J. H., Majeski, M. J., Milne, C. M., Leaf, J. B., McEachin, J., & Leaf, R. (2022). Toward efficiency and effectiveness: Comparing equivalence-based instruction to progressive discrete trial teaching. Behavior Analysis in Practice, 15(4), 1296–1313. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40617-022-00687-8

Be a part of the journey and allow Claptone to transport you to a place of sonic delights, with a mix designed to enchant outside of the club. Follow our golden masked friend and be the first to hear the new editions of the CLAPCAST tale... 01. Adam Port & Theus Mago featuring Martina Carmago - The Dream (Extended Mix) [Keinemusik]02. Francis Mercier, David Tort, Markem - Strangers (Do You Remember) feat. Ella Loponte & Yas Cepeda (Original Mix) [Musical Freedom]03. Kristin Velvet - Caravan (Original Mix) [Arms & Legs]04. Soulsearcher - Feelin' Love (DJ Fudge Extended Remix) [Soulfuric Deep]05. Dames Brown featuring Waajeed - Glory (Floorplan Extended Remix) [Defected]06. Yvvan Back - Get On The Floor (Extended Mix) [There Was Jack]07. Discrete, Dombresky - Bless Me (with Discrete) (Original Mix) [Insomniac]08. BLOND:ISH - Call My Name (Extended Mix) [Major Recordings]09. Ejeca - In & Out (Extended Mix) [Nothing Else Matters]10. Felix Leiter & Ango Tamarin - Gotta Let You Go ft. Dominica (Extended Mix) [Black Book]11. Perpetual Motion - Keep on Dancin' (Manston & Simms X Luv Foundation UK Extended Remix) [Altra Moda]12. The Chemical Brothers - Live Again (Extended Mix) [EMI]

Diane & Rick discuss the problem of others, like family, friends, and untrained professionals, guilting high-conflict co-parents into trying harder to “just get along”. They explore ideas on how to talk to kids about difficult subjects when one parent is incapable of discretion, putting the other parent in the position of having to help a child process the confusion. They remind listeners that real world high-conflict co-parenting doesn't have quick, clean, or antiseptic answers. Time to sign up for our August workshop! How Do I Know My Child Will Be Okay? Pitfalls of living with an impossible co-parentAugust 17, 2023 at noon (EDT)https://lnkd.in/eTbSAMvTLET US KNOW WHAT YOU'D LIKE TO TALK ABOUT AT THE WORKSHOP. EMAIL US  NOW!To learn more about the Center for Navigating Family Change, go to: CNFC.org. Want to talk about this episode with Diane and other parents? Be part of the conversation on the NON-Impossibles Facebook groupTo get a special discount on therapy through BetterHelp,  visit www.BetterHelp.com/DilemmaIf you are a professional working with high-conflict co-parents, join our LinkedIn group.Find us on Instagram and Twitter @CPDilemmas. Join one of our Reddit groups at:r/NarcissisticCoparents r/NONImpossiblesBECOME a Patreon VIP and get special discounts on upcoming workshops and merchandise. www.Patreon.com/CPDilemmasRATE THE SHOW!DON'T FORGET!The print-version of theI Am Non-Impossible journal is NOW AVAILABLE on Amazon for a limited-time price of only $9.95 (Kindle version is $2.99). This is a great holiday gift for those in your life who are seeking co-parenting peace. ORDER YOURS NOW!CLICK HERE to subscribe to our monthly podcast email to get a sneak peak into upcoming topics!Have a co-parent dilemma? Email 1234Dilemma@gmail.com or access us on our  NON-Impossibles Facebook group.Our podcast exists because of the support of listeners like you.  Here are ways you can offer your continued support:SOBERLINK is an ongoing sponsor of Co-Parent Dilemmas. If you are concerned about substance abuse issues with your co-parent, Soberlink can help. Follow this LINK to get a $50 discount on Soberlink products. Think you might want to start a podcast? Buzzsprout is the best host for all your podcasting needsSupport the show

Dombresky drops a new mix and has a chat with Richard Vission about his upcoming projects and then unleashes fire in his mix.  Richard Vission starts it off and holds it down bringing some heat in his mix and ends it with his new single, "Front and Back" on Solmatic. Check out all the info on our socials @dombresky@richardvission  @SiriusXM@GlobalizationXM@wearepowertoolsRichard Vission TracklistStatic Revenger - Happy People (Fedde Le Grand Remix)Richard Vission x Static Revenger x Luciana (Acapella)Aazar - StupidFriendly Fire, Max Low - Meet Me At The Rave (Richard Vission Edit) Freak On - Keep My Cool (Richard Vission Edit)Wax Motif & KURA - Lo Que Soy (Richard Vission Edit) El Genaral - Boriqua Anthem (Acapella)Go Son Do - Boss (Richard Vission Re-WorkKyle Watson ft. Tania Foster - Escaping ItFreejak vs Dolly Parton - Jolene (Freejak Extended Mix) AC Slater x Kaleena Zanders x Nu Bass - Free Your Mind Low Steppa ft. Reigns - Back To My LoveBoy Is Bangin' (Acapella)Daft Thong vs I Like To Move It (Richard Vission MashUp) KURA & Vedenzo - Step On (Richard Vission Edit)Move Your Body (Acapella)Fedde Le Grand - B2B (Richard Vission Edit)Work It To The Bone (Acapella)BLOND:ISH - Call My Name (Richard Vission Edit)It's About The House Music (Acapella)KLP - Body CloseRichard Vission x Tima Dee x DJ Bam Bam x DJ Sheik - Front and BackDombresky Tracklist1. Brandy - Best Friend (James Juke's Hot Take) 2. Superlover - Piano Pump3. Tonis, GENPOP - Out There4. Dombresky - Bless Me (with Discrete)5. Gaskin - Movin N ' Shakin6. Sosa UK - Bring It Back7. SMOKEY BUBBLIN' B - CANT GO FOR THAT 8. George Feely - That Feeling9. Sorley - Let It Shine10. Capricorn - 20HZ (Marco Lys Remix)

Be Discrete (Matthew 6:1-4) by Church in the Square (Sermon Audio)

Today we dive into the world of solopreneurship and how it can be transformed with the power of AI. Our guest Gabe Marusca, Founder and Strategist at Digital Finest, joins us as we talk about using AI on everything from task-based work to decision-making for your business.For more details head to our episode page.Join the conversation and ask Gabe any questions you have here!Time Stamps:[00:00:17] Daily AI news[00:04:19] Background on Gabe and his work[00:06:42] The impact AI has on a solopreneur[00:11:00] How AI changes decision making [00:14:01] Will AI-powered agencies become a reality?[00:16:33] How a solopreneur can leverage AI[00:21:10] AI tools that a solopreneur can useTopics Covered in This Episode:- Speaker's journey as a solopreneur and transition from freelancing to partnership- Differentiating solopreneurship from freelancing and emphasizing long-term vision- Exploring how AI technology impacts decision-making for solopreneurs- Comparing decision-making processes with and without AI technology- Recognizing the difficulty of predicting the future of technology- Speculation about potential negative effects of AI pricing changes- Balancing optimism and caution regarding AI's impact on jobs and society- Possibility of moving towards a universal income system- Acknowledging AI's impact on job replacement, particularly in marketing- Idea to use AI for automating podcasting processes- Importance of growing slowly and leveraging AI tools- Example of using AI for competitor research- Advantages of embracing AI for small businesses- Concerns about big companies automating tasks in web design and marketingKeywords:AI, business, solopreneurship, OpenAI, superintelligence, safeguards, Chinese computer researchers, CPU, Intel, US military, task completion, ChatGPT, website traffic, iOS app, Gabe Moruska, Digital Finance, freelancer, solar partnership, web design business, contractors, Discrete, video editing tool, freelancers, trading time for money, branding, podcast, AI movement, GPT, decision-making, solo entrepreneurs, full-time employee, hiring, technology, strategy, marketing tactics, human connection, client relationships, creative marketing agencies, brands, human interaction, future collaborations, third-party partners, automation. Get more out of ChatGPT by learning our PPP method in this live, interactive and free training! Sign up now: https://youreverydayai.com/ppp-registration/

Julian Carr is arguably the most interesting person in skiing. Between his gigantic airs that defy what is humanly possible, to his first of its kind in the US trail running events, The Cirque Series, to his Blake's Bronco project, which landed him a deal with Ford, Julian has made a habit of turning his passions into his life's work…both personally and professionally. In part 2 of the podcast, we discuss the details behind big air; the 210-footer in Engelberg, Parker Cook, asks the Inappropriate Questions. Julian Carr Part 2 Show Notes: 3:00:  Things his hair predicts, general big air questions, and BASE and skydiving. 15:00:  Fear, sponsor expectations, photo pricing, do you make money from photos, 22:00:  Rollerblade: They invented inline skating and make the best skates on the planet. Best Day Brewing:  All of the flavor of your favorite IPA or Kolsch, without the alcohol, the calories and sugar. Elan Skis:  Over 75 years of innovation that makes you better. 24:30:  Winning X Games Gold, current sponsors, the most he's made, not being greedy and that paying off, photo incentive/travel budget, and breaking up with brands. 32:00:  Icelantic, selling Discrete, and the 210 cliff in Engelberg    45:00:  High Cascade Snowboard Camp: The legendary snowboard camp Stanley:  Get 30% off site wide with the code pmovement Peter Glenn Ski and Sports:  Over 60 years of getting you out there.  48:00:  His haters, the pandemic impacts his Cirque Series, and Blake's Broncos  60:00:  Inappropriate Questions with Parker Cook  

Dombresky drops new bangers from BLOND:ISH, Redfield, Sosa, Sorley, Sasion, James Hurr and many more on a fresh #ProcessRadio! 01. Brandy - Best Friend (James Juke's Hot Take) 02. Superlover - Piano Pump 03. Tonis, GENPOP - Out There 04. Dombresky & Discrete - Bless Me (with Discrete) 05. Gaskin - Movin N' Shakin 06. Sosa UK - Bring It Back 07. SMOKEY BUBBLIN' B - CANT GO FOR THAT 08. George Feely - That Feeling 09. Sorley - Let It Shine 10. Capricorn - 20HZ (Marco Lys Remix) 11. Hatiras - Fire 12. Mia Moretti - YOU & ME 13. BLOND:ISH - Call My Name 14. Redfield - Loving You 15. Tiptoes - Cussius Clayyyy 16. Jansons - Messan 17. Kristin Velvet - Set Me Free 18. James Hurr ft. Ika Crossfield - Sun Is Shining 19. Saison - Satisfy The Need 20. ID - ID 21. Quinten 909 - That Synth Sound

Julian Carr is one of those people with that calm, cool, and collected demeanor, seemingly all the time. And that's exactly how Julian wants himself to be when he's sending the world record cliff drops that he's made a career out of. But Julian's story isn't what you would expect. On the podcast, we talk about his roof jumping club as a 7-year-old, getting into skiing in 8th grade, sports, fraternities, picking the brains of skiing legends, gigantic cliffs, and so much more. It's another do not miss episode, and Rachael Burks asks the Inappropriate Questions Julian Carr Show Notes: 3:00:  Random Julian things, Salt Lake City, gymnastics, and team sports 10:00:  Skateboarding, snowboarding, skiing, University of Utah, Sigma Chi, and slopestyle contests 20:0 0:  Rollerblade: They invented inline skating and make the best skates on the planet. Best Day Brewing:  All of the flavor of your favorite IPA or Kolsch, without the alcohol, the calories and sugar. Elan Skis:  Over 75 years of innovation that makes you better. 23:00:  Skiing with some absolute legends, picking their brains, shooting photos, building a website, acting, starting Discrete, his crazy busy life, and blowing up his femur 34:00:  High Cascade Snowboard Camp: The legendary snowboard camp Stanley:  Get 30% off site wide with the code pmovement Peter Glenn Ski and Sports:  Over 60 years of getting you out there. 37:00:  Wolverine Cirque in the summer, the story behind his first big cliff, unlocking the code in front of Jamie Pierre 49:00:  Warren Miller, Knee injury, crazy rehab, Billy Poole, US Nationals at Snowbird, and Air Jordan  75:00:  Inappropriate Questions with Rachael Burks

Dombresky drops an exclusive preview of his brand new track with Discrete "Bless Me" as well as new cuts from Solardo & Joshwa, Chris Stussy, Riva Starr, Marco Lys and many more of a fresh #ProcessRadio! 01. Madonna - Into The Groove (LOWEY edit) 02. DJ PP, Gabriel Rocha - BLA BLA 03. Capricorn - 20HZ (Marco Lys Remix) 04. Hatiras - Fire 05. Solardo & Joshwa - VIP Business 06. ID - ID 07. Cassi - Request 08. Bob Sinclar - Vision Of Paradise (Riva Starr Remix) 09. DOUG! - Renegade 2.1 10. Bushbaby - Really Hot Bootleg 11. Dombresky - Bless Me (with Discrete) [HOT TRACK] 12. Jean Tonique - Simple Things 13. DIMMISH - Faida 14. Ranger Trucco - cassie. 15. Gaskin - A Fresh Energy 16. Pete Heller's Big Love - Big Love (The Dronez Mix) 17. Superlover - Piano Pump (NiCe7 Remix) 18. Chris Stussy - All Night Long 19. Ken@Work - Over You

Joël is joined by a very special guest, Sara Jackson, a fellow Software Developer at thoughtbot. A few episodes ago, Stephanie and Joël talked about "The Fundamentals" (https://www.bikeshed.fm/371) and how many of the fundamentals of web development line up with a Computer Science degree. Joël made a comment during that episode that his pick for the most underrated CS class that he thinks would benefit most devs is a class called "Discrete Math." Sara weighs in! This episode is brought to you by Airbrake (https://airbrake.io/?utm_campaign=Q3_2022%3A%20Bike%20Shed%20Podcast%20Ad&utm_source=Bike%20Shed&utm_medium=website). Visit Frictionless error monitoring and performance insight for your app stack. Earlier Bike Shed Episode with Sara (https://www.bikeshed.fm/354) The Linux man-pages project (https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/) Gravity Falls (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1865718/) Elm types as sets (https://guide.elm-lang.org/appendix/types_as_sets.html) Folgers ad (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S7LXSQ85jpw) Brilliant.org's discrete math course (https://brilliant.org/wiki/discrete-mathematics/) mayuko (https://www.youtube.com/@hellomayuko) Transcript: AD: thoughtbot is thrilled to announce our own incubator launching this year. If you are a non-technical founding team with a business idea that involves a web or mobile app, we encourage you to apply for our eight-week program. We'll help you move forward with confidence in your team, your product vision, and a roadmap for getting you there. Learn more and apply at tbot.io/incubator. JOËL: Hello and welcome to another episode of The Bike Shed, a weekly podcast from your friends at thoughtbot about developing great software. I'm Joël Quenneville. And today, I'm joined by a special guest, Sara Jackson, who is a fellow developer here at thoughtbot. SARA: Hello. JOËL: And together, we're here to share a little bit of what we've learned along the way. So, Sara, what's new in your world? SARA: Actually, I recently picked up crocheting. JOËL: That's exciting. What is the first project that you've started working on? SARA: I don't know if you happen to be a fan of animation or cartoons, but I love "Gravity Falls." And there's a character, Mabel, who wears many sweaters. I'm working on a sweater. JOËL: Inspired by this character. SARA: Yes. It is a Herculean endeavor for my first crochet project, but we're in it now. JOËL: That does sound like jumping into it and picking a pretty hard project. Is that the way you typically approach new hobbies or new things, you just kind of jump in and pick up something challenging? SARA: Yeah. I definitely think that's a good description of how I approach hobbies. How about you? JOËL: I think I like to ease into things. I'm the kind of person who, if I pick up a video game, I will play the tutorial. SARA: It's so funny you say that because I'm definitely the type of person who also reads manuals. [chuckles] JOËL: [laughs] I'm sure you've probably, at this point, read many sections of the Unix manual. Longtime listeners might recognize you from a previous episode we did on the history of operating systems. SARA: Yes, I am an avid reader of the man pages. In fact, I wish every command-line tool had man pages or at least more detailed man pages. Reading man pages, reading technical documentation, really, I feel like goes right in line with things like needlework, knitting, crocheting. You're following a very technical pattern description of what you should be doing, how many stitches. It's almost algorithmic. JOËL: Do you feel like the fact that you've read a lot of man pages and now that you're getting into reading crochet patterns, do you feel like that's helped you maybe become a better technical writer when you write documentation? SARA: Definitely. Yes. [laughs] There's a common meme going around on the internet of how to make a peanut butter and jelly sandwich: open jar, put knife in jar. And you see somebody putting the knife in handle first because it wasn't specific enough. When you're looking at a crochet pattern, it needs to be written very explicitly, and in the same way, technical documentation needs to be like that too. It needs to be accessible for every audience, well, most audiences. JOËL: That's a big challenge because you want to give enough detail that, like you said, you don't accidentally use the wrong end of the knife to spread your peanut butter. But at the same time, if you give all the little details, you lose the forest for the trees. And people who know how to use a knife are going to struggle to use your documentation. SARA: That is true. That's why I think it is very valuable to do something that you recommend very often, especially when writing blog posts or call for papers is, defining the audience. Who's this for? JOËL: Yeah, knowing your audience is so important when it comes to any kind of media, even if it's a talk or an article, or I guess, a crochet pattern. SARA: Precisely. JOËL: Does the crochet world have sort of the concept of patterns aimed at beginners versus patterns aimed at a more advanced audience? SARA: I would definitely say that is the case. There are more advanced stitches and techniques that you would generally not see in a more beginner pattern. And in more advanced patterns, at least speaking from a knitting perspective...I'm pretty new to crocheting, but I've been knitting for a while. In knitting patterns, simpler techniques might not be described in such detail in a more advanced pattern. JOËL: So a couple of weeks ago, Stephanie and I were discussing the fundamentals, how much of the fundamentals of web development line up with a computer science degree. I had made this comment on that episode that my pick for most underrated CS class that I think would benefit most developers is a class called discrete math. SARA: I remember this class. It was a love-hate relationship. I am a big fan. JOËL: Would you describe yourself as a math person? SARA: I don't think so. No. JOËL: Because I know I hated math for the longest time. And I don't really find that math, in general, has been that helpful for software. There's kind of the stereotype that I'll sometimes hear from people when they find out that I write code for a living. They'll say things like, "Oh, you must be so good at math." And it's like, no, calculus was really hard for me, and I struggled and did not like it. SARA: I feel like that's a big reason why folks go into programming; the computer can do the math for you. JOËL: Right? It is a computer. It is a math machine. SARA: I mean, how many folks in computer-related fields got their start on a TI-83, programming in that thing? JOËL: A lot of people. Someday it might be fun to do an episode on the sort of common origin stories that you hear from people in the software industry, a lot of people programming a calculator, a lot of people I hear coming from Neopets. SARA: Yeah, Neopets and MySpace, editing the profile pages with CSS, HTML. JOËL: But that's an episode for another time. I think, in my experience, discrete math was not like all the other math that I did. It felt so practical, like, this is math for programmers is how I felt it was even though that's not how it's sold in university. What was your experience? SARA: My concept was very much like, this is logic. This is very hard. By hard, I mean firm way of looking at the world and defining the logic behind things when you think about proofs and set theory. JOËL: So we've been throwing around the term discrete math, and many of our listeners might not be familiar with what it is. If you had to describe discrete math to someone who is not familiar with it, what would you say? SARA: Math that's discrete. [laughter] Sorry, sorry. JOËL: What does discrete mean? SARA: When I think of discrete math, I think of logic, definitions, how data relates to each other, that sort of thing, as opposed to ones and zeros. JOËL: Yeah, discrete math; it felt like it was very much like a grab-bag class. It just involved so many different branches of math, and you kind of get a little bit of an intro of like ten different topics, all of which apply and are helpful when you're writing software. So I got a little intro to a couple of different forms of logic, propositional logic, and predicate logic. I got an intro to Boolean algebra. I got an intro to set theory, an intro to combinatorics, talked about recursive functions from a mathematical perspective, an intro to graph theory. Probably like a few more. There are like ten different things. You just got a little intro to them, spent a couple of weeks on each topic. But I felt like that was enough to give me a lot of value that I still reference on a daily basis in my work. SARA: Absolutely. One of the parts of discrete math that really stuck with me are computational models like Turing machines, pushdown automaton, finite-state machines. Learning about those, analyzing them really helped me break down algorithms and break down my code and look at, okay, for this specific input that I have for each of these variables, what are we doing? JOËL: So what does that look like in your daily work? You've got a complex card, and you see that it's a difficult feature to implement. And in your mind, you say, okay, let me try to describe this as a finite-state machine, and maybe you draw a diagram or something like that. SARA: Yeah, I will, actually. I'll draw a diagram, or I'll draw like a pseudocode out on paper. I'll think about all the different kinds of inputs that I would expect or not expect, which itself is not finite, but we try. And then what is the output that I would expect? What is the outcome that I would expect from, say, a user enters one, a user enters Sara, a user enters purple? What would the outcome be? Do I have those vectors captured in my code? And that also goes into TDD. JOËL: Do you feel like knowing about Turing machines or finite-state machines has made it easier for you to PDD? That's a connection I haven't heard before. SARA: Yeah, I think so because a Turing complete computational model is deterministic. That means that every possible path that could be got into from where you're at any path exists between the two. Sometimes it might mean rejection or an error, but the path has been defined. And thinking about that when it comes to tests, I feel like has been so helpful for me of like, I can't just think about the happy path. I can't just think about it's exactly what it needs to be. It's also what if it's not there? What if it doesn't exist? What if it's 0? What if it's empty? What if it's a different data structure? JOËL: That's really fascinating to me because I feel like I encountered some of these practical applications of it much later when I was learning about types and learning about Elm and sort of that community's approach to designing data structures. And one thing that they say a lot is that you should make impossible states impossible when you design a type, and the way that they tend to approach that is thinking of types as if they were sets. And so you think of a set of...the Boolean type is a set that has two elements because there are true and false. An enum might have, you know, if it's a three-element enum, that is, three elements. But then you start having things like records which are kind of like a hash in Ruby, which might have, let's say, two elements in them. And if it has a Boolean and an enum value, now those two multiply times each other. And so now you have two times three, six possible states. And maybe the problem you're trying to model only has five, and so you've sort of inadvertently added an extra state. They tend to talk about it a little bit more through the lens of sets and the lens of combinatorics, which are other elements of discrete math that give you mental models to deal with this. And so talking about all the different possibilities, that's combinatorics. Thinking of a type as a set and talking about its cardinality, that's set theory. So those were things that I would do when I was writing Elm programs on a daily basis, but I never made the connection back to finite-state machines. SARA: I feel like those marry so well together, those concepts. You can see combinatorics and set theory of objects and of where they can go. And that goes right into graph theory. JOËL: Oooh, I love me some graphs. SARA: [laughs] JOËL: Listeners of the show will know that I am a huge fan of dependency graphs and as a tool and as a model that can be applied to a lot of things, so thinking in terms of maybe the dependencies of your program like packages. But it can also be in terms of tasks to be done and so thinking in terms of a larger feature, breaking it down into smaller features, all of which depend on each other. And depending on how that dependency graph is structured, what order do you need to complete them in order to ship them independently? SARA: I love that. And it reminds me of graphs that represent state, like, finite-state machines sort of things where you can actually infer where you're going to end up based on where you are for certain types of graphs. And I feel like you can use that in programming. You can use that in proofs where you have the, okay, you've solved for the zero case. You've solved for the one case. Now let's solve for N+1 anytime in the future. This all feels very full circle in my mind. [chuckles] JOËL: I think that's very apt. And a really powerful thing that I've noticed is having different mental models to approach the same problem or different logical or analysis techniques to interact with the same problem. And so when you look at something through the lens of a finite-state machine, or through the lens of a graph, or through the lens of a set, or through the lens of combinatorics, you might be looking at the same problem. But by having different perspectives to look at it, you gain different insight and hopefully helps you come to a better solution. SARA: Absolutely. And I love that discrete math gives us those different tools to be better programmers. It's something that I enjoy. And I enjoyed the classes as much as they were extremely difficult. And I love the idea of being able to share those tools with other people that might not have learned about them. JOËL: You were talking about seeing things from different perspectives and how they kind of line up. There are some equivalences that I found were really fun between, let's say, sets and Boolean algebra, the operations that you can do. So things like ANDing two values is similar to doing an intersection on two sets, and ORing two values is similar to doing a union. Interestingly, we have preserved that in Ruby. Array has operators where you can combine arrays using set operations, and it has the single pipe, which we typically read as OR to union two arrays. I want to say it has a single AND that you can use. It's used to intersect two arrays. SARA: I actually used that sometime within the last year, I remember. 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JOËL: If you had to sell a colleague on the value of discrete math, what would be the example that you would use? SARA: What if I told you that you would never have to wonder what the results might be in a given situation of true and false? JOËL: That's deep. Do you want to know all the secrets of the universe? SARA: Let me introduce to you truth tables. JOËL: Oh, I love a good truth table. Yes, such a simple tool, but it pays so much. SARA: Absolutely, especially in a world where we have unless as an operator. JOËL: Unless gets me so much in Ruby, especially when there are compound expressions. So you say do something unless condition one or condition two, and then I have to think, wait, when does this happen? SARA: I have to read it to myself in English, not this and not that. [chuckles] JOËL: So that's interesting because when you translated that in English, you changed the operator that's being used. SARA: I totally did. JOËL: Unless a condition or other condition. And your brain was smart enough to flip that; mine is not. SARA: [laughs] JOËL: But what's happening here is, and you would learn this in a discrete math class, De Morgan's Laws that say what happens when you negate compound conditions. And you have to negate each of the individual conditions and also flip all the operators, so all the ANDs turn into ORs and the ORs turn into ANDs. And so I always have to remember to do that in my mind when I see an unless or when I see someone negating a compound condition. So now, in my mind, every time I'm reviewing code on a pull request, and I see negating a compound condition, it's just a sort of red flag for there's quite possibly a bug here. And maybe leave a comment asking the author, "Did you really mean to do this?" And like you said, maybe even write out a truth table just so that myself I know that the correct behavior is happening. SARA: It is a good example of a code smell because if it's hard for you to understand or me to understand, sure, it made sense when it was written, but code is read more than it's written. It should be easy to read and understand. So it's definitely easy to introduce a bug at that point like you were saying, worth commenting on. JOËL: You log on to your machine at the beginning of the day, open up a PR, and you're just like, oh yes, I love the smell of De Morgan in the morning. SARA: [laughs] Nothing like De Morgan in your cup in the morning. JOËL: [laughs] Yes. Oh, now I really want to -- SARA: A DeMorgan in the morgen. [laughter] JOËL: Now I really want to see a spoof of that Folgers ad. SARA: [laughs] For some reason, the jingle is escaping me, but it's there. JOËL: It's an ad for a brand of American coffee. SARA: Yes, for those that were not in America during the '90s to see the commercial, [singing] the best part of waking up is De Morgan in your cup. JOËL: [chuckles] That was amazing. SARA: [laughs] Hopefully, we don't get a copyright strike for that. [laughter] JOËL: You know what? That is the sell for why you should learn discrete math. SARA: Yes. What are some other ways you find discrete math around in your day-to-day life? JOËL: I think the most practical part is working with Booleans because writing conditional code writing Boolean expressions is something that I do multiple times every day. And I think anybody who's done programming for any length of time gets some amount of intuition around working with Boolean expressions. Having spent a little bit of time studying them, you learn some patterns. You learn ways of working with them. And a common thing that I will often see in Ruby code is people will overuse the if expression when you could have used a Boolean expression instead. So I've seen things like if condition return true, else return false, which is just identity. I've also seen more complex things which will say, "If value one is true and value two is true, return true; otherwise, return false," or some fancy things with early returns that, in the end, are just reimplementing Boolean AND. So knowing about a little bit of basic Boolean algebra, being comfortable with combining things using AND and OR rather than just writing early returns, I think, gives a much richer toolkit and something that is much more scalable. And, of course, for those situations where there are complex conditional code, having truth tables as a tool in your back pocket is just absolutely invaluable. SARA: 100%. When those get so complex, definitely realizing it's worth maybe breaking up a chain of Boolean logic into separate mini-methods if you need to. There's nothing like seeing a whole bunch of stuff ANDed together that are only kind of related. [laughs] JOËL: There's a form of logic that you dig into as well called predicate logic, and there's a whole set of things you can do with it. But two things that stood out to me were these two operators that apply a condition to a whole set of values. And they either claim that a certain thing is true for at least one of the elements in a set or for every value in a set. And the interesting thing is that if you claim that something is true for all elements, in order to falsify that claim, you only need to find one counterexample. You don't need to check every item. If I can find one, and maybe it's the first item in this set that is wrong or that contradicts the logical statement that I'm trying to make, then I've immediately disproved your entire statement because you claimed that this was true for every element. SARA: And it's hard learning these sorts of fundamentals from computer science; it's hard to not apply that to real life and hear somebody using a statement, "Every this, all of that." I immediately come back with, "Well, some of them." [laughs] I'm that guy, yep. JOËL: The person at the end of a conference talk who puts up their hand and says, "So this is not really a question. It's more of a statement." SARA: [laughs] I found this one example. Yeah, I'm a stickler for specificity, for sure. Thanks, discrete math. JOËL: It definitely helped me be much more nuanced in the way that I speak. I tend to not speak in absolutes or superlatives because of that class. SARA: Yeah, I very frequently use the term a non-zero amount of times to describe, for example, there exists one in a set. JOËL: There's also another interesting aspect of this, which is when you see a chain of ANDs, so condition, and condition, and condition, and condition, and condition, you're effectively making the assertion that something is true for all elements or that all these conditions are true. Therefore, it only takes one for the whole thing to evaluate to false. And I want to say the fancy name for this is annihilation, where you can have a giant chain of conditions that are ANDed together, and they're all true, but if any single one of them is false, then the whole chain evaluates to false. SARA: And this is where you can get a little clever with the order in which you put those in your AND where you have the least heavy lifting checks first so that they fail first. Or if you have things that need to check for nil, check them after. Check the basic stuff first. Let it almost short circuit; let it fail fast, as they say. JOËL: Yeah, these are all performance tricks that I think, even if you don't have a discrete math background, you might have picked up. You know about short-circuiting. You know about trying the cheap checks first. And now you know a little bit of the theoretical background of why. SARA: [singing] Where do we go from here? [laughs] JOËL: So we have these sort of logical operators that will claim that something is true for all elements of a set or at least one element of a set, and those are kind of theoretical. They're useful if we're trying to set up a logical proposition. But these exist in code, in Ruby, as part of the enumerable module. Enumerable has two methods; they are any and all. And you can use those methods to claim that all items in an array will evaluate to true when the given block runs or that at least one evaluates to true for items in that array. SARA: What's the word where you're taking out some of a set? Slice but not slice. There's intersection [crosstalk 26:46] union, so not a set theory one, no. JOËL: Like getting the inverse? SARA: Maybe. I don't know. JOËL: I feel like there's a term for getting the inverse of a set. SARA: Not the inverse. JOËL: Because you can get the inverse of the intersection or something. SARA: Yeah. I think I'm just going to go along the lines of being able to slice out what you want with select and how you can then chain an enumerable on that. JOËL: Okay. Okay, I see. So you're making a connection from enumerable to set theory. SARA: Mm-hmm. JOËL: Excellent. SARA: Even if you don't necessarily want every item in your enumerable, your array, your hash, you can use things like select and reject to get a subset for a certain condition, and you can slice out based on a condition. And then you can then apply any or all to that. And so I want all of the even numbers, and now for all of these even numbers, such and such should be true for the set. JOËL: So now we've made a connection between enumerable and predicate logic. And we've also made a connection to set theory. SARA: It's coming full circle again. [laughs] Discrete math is everywhere. JOËL: So if you use the enumerable module in Ruby, which you should be (It's one of the best parts of the language.), you're doing discrete math every day, and you didn't know it. SARA: You're welcome. JOËL: So we've seen that a lot of us are interacting with elements of discrete math every day and that learning a little bit about it more formally can help us be a bit more mindful in how we code every day. It can give us the mental models to solve and analyze problems that we encounter daily. For those listeners who might want to dig a little bit more deeply into discrete math, do you have any resources there that you recommend? SARA: Well, not sponsored, but brilliant.org is a pretty good resource for things like math, computer science, for the very least. I'm sure it has other courses, but those are the ones that I've kind of looked at on some YouTubers' free trial. [chuckles] And I liked their approach to teaching, and I think it has got a low barrier to entry for learning these topics. I would definitely recommend that, so brilliant.org JOËL: It's funny you mentioned that they sponsor a lot of technology, science, and math YouTubers. So for those listeners who are interested in checking it out, maybe look up some YouTubers and see if they have a free sign-up code. SARA: Mayuko is a good YouTuber for that. I believe she gets sponsored by Brilliant occasionally. She's a software engineer out in California. JOËL: Clearly, we're not sponsored because we don't have a code to give out. SARA: [laughs] Sponsor us, Brilliant. JOËL: [laughs] Host at bikeshed.fm SARA: [laughs] JOËL: All right. Well, with that, shall we wrap up? SARA: Yeah, let's do. STEPHANIE: Show notes for this episode can be found at bikeshed.fm. JOËL: This show has been produced and edited by Mandy Moore. STEPHANIE: If you enjoyed listening, one really easy way to support the show is to leave us a quick rating or even a review in iTunes. It really helps other folks find the show. JOËL: If you have any feedback for this or any of our other episodes, you can reach us @_bikeshed, or you can reach me @joelquen on Twitter. STEPHANIE: Or reach both of us at hosts@bikeshed.fm via email. JOËL: Thanks so much for listening to The Bike Shed, and we'll see you next week. ALL: Byeeeeeeee!!!!!!!! ANNOUNCER: This podcast is brought to you by thoughtbot, your expert strategy, design, development, and product management partner. We bring digital products from idea to success and teach you how because we care. Learn more at thoughtbot.com.