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In this episode of the Startup CPG Podcast, Daniel Scharff sits down with Adam Marsh and Gabrielle McGonagall from Giannuzzi Lewendon, one of the most trusted law firms for CPG founders. They break down everything early-stage founders need to know about setting up their companies, choosing the right entity (LLC vs. C-Corp), fundraising strategies, issuing equity to employees and advisors, and how to protect yourself from losing control of your business.Adam and Gabby also unpack key differences between SAFEs and convertible notes, the pros and cons of crowdfunding, the reality of secondary sales for founders, and why having the right legal advisors is crucial—especially as you scale. Whether you're raising your first check or dreaming of a major exit, this conversation will set you up with the legal fundamentals to do it smartly and safely.Ready to level up your founder knowledge? Listen now and get one step closer to building a company that lasts!Contact Giannuzzi Lewendon for a consultation at https://gllaw.us/Listen in as they share about:Choosing the Right Business EntityEquity Ownership and VestingFundraising MechanicsInvestor Rights and Founder ProtectionDilution and Secondary SalesLegal Expertise vs. AI ToolsEpisode Links:Website: https://gllaw.us/ LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/adam-marsh-847a8571/ LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/gabrielle-mcgonagle-803b2b21/ Don't forget to leave a five-star review on Apple Podcasts or Spotify if you enjoyed this episode. For potential sponsorship opportunities or to join the Startup CPG community, visit http://www.startupcpg.com.Show Links:Transcripts of each episode are available on the Transistor platform that hosts our podcast here (click on the episode and toggle to “Transcript” at the top)Join the Startup CPG Slack community (20K+ members and growing!)Follow @startupcpgVisit host Daniel's Linkedin Questions or comments about the episode? Email Daniel at podcast@startupcpg.comEpisode music by Super Fantastics
I encounter a lot of friction in my work. Too many obstacles get in the way of me doing the things I need to do and the things I like to do. I know all of you out there have friction in your work too, and if you're in the manufacturing business you likely encounter [...] The post ISO Without the Headache, Adam Marsh-EP 227 first appeared on Today's Machining World.
Adam Marsh and Ala Rozwadowska, the creators of Dental Audio Notes (DAN), an AI-based platform for recording and managing dental patient consultations. Adam and Ala discuss the importance of capturing emotions and sentiment in patient interactions and share their vision for revolutionising communication in dentistry. The conversation delves into the technical aspects of their AI-powered software, its benefits for dentists and patients, and the future of dental record-keeping. Enjoy! In This Episode 00:02:40 - Backstory 00:19:40 - DAN in practice 00:32:55 - Tech specs 00:41:35 - Consent and communication 00:47:35 - AI 00:57:35 - Capturing sentiment and emotion 01:16:20 - Features and getting started 01:27:35 - Last Days and Legacy About Adam Marsh and Ala Rozwadowska Adam Marsh and Ala Rozwadowska are the founders of the DAN AI platform which supports dentists in creating complete, accurate and contemporaneous records by secure audio recording.
I'm Dr Anne Budenberg, and I'm a dentist with over 30- years' experience in NHS and private practice, including roles in secondary care, dental education, risk management and mentoring. I started this podcast to show the diversity of views, and choices dentists and dental care professionals can, and do make, on their career paths, and about creating a fulfilling career. This is for anyone interested in UK dental careers - for those working, or planning to work as adentist or dental care professional in the UK. Dental careers are no longer simply linear, or binary choices, but we have many possibilities for hopping on and off whichever career path, or ‘squiggly career,' you chose to take.Sometimes the path is planned; at other times, it takes unexpected twists and turns, and you end up at a place you did not expect to find yourself.‘Squiggly careers' is a phrase coined by career development consultants, Helen Tupper & Sarah Ellis, and I love this concept, and the fact that every ‘squiggly career' will be drawn differently, and is unique.We'll be exploring some of the opportunities, challenges, and adapting to change throughout your career, as the landscape changes.In this episode, we're going to chat about Dental Audio Notes (DAN). Dr Alekandra (Ala) Rozwadowska and Adam Marsh are a husband & wife team, who have developed Dental Audio Notes (DAN), which allows dentists to effortlessly make complete, accurate and contemporaneous records in every situation. Ala works in Dental Practice in Evesham, and has been there since 2012. Her further experiences include practising in New Zealand, aid work in Mexico and travelling to Italy and Seattle for courses. In addition to their work with DAN, Ala and Adam are joint secretaries for the Gloucester Independent Dentists (GID), the UK's largest independent study group for the entire dental team. Adam is the technical lead for DAN, and is an engineer and natural problem solver, with broad experience delivering and managing industrial products and software systems. Resources:· Career Pathways in Dentistryhttps://cgdent.uk/career-pathways/· Clinical Examination & Record Keeping (College of General Dentistry) https://cgdent.uk/standards-guidance/· Dental Audio Notes (DAN)https://dentalaudionotes.com/· Engaging works has a free survey to help you assess your workplace happiness: WorkLhttps://app.workl.co/happiness-survey· Gloucester Independent Dentists (GID)https://gid.org.uk/about· Happier Workforce = Higher returnshttps://lordmarkprice.com/
Find Adam here: https://www.linkedin.com/in/adam-marsh-536304103/Be the Best Leader You Know Perform with Power, Lead with Impact, Inspire GrowthTo sharpen your skills and increase your confidence, check out the Confident Leader Course: https://www.intentionaleaders.com/confident-leader
We had a great time attending TusCon 49 this November and wanted to bring you some of the panels we were able to enjoy last month! TusCon 49 Panel Whatever happened to mad scientists? We used to call people mad at the institute, it was a great tradition. But nobody does that anymore. Why have we abandoned the great bad guy of sci-fi? Recorded at TusCon 49 Saturday November 11th, 9am Please check out more from the panelists: Adam Marsh, https://amichaelmarsh.net/ Gloria McMillan J.L. Doty, https://www.jldoty.com/ Ross Lampert, Ross B Lampert | Facebook Wolf Forrest, (2) Wolf Forrest | Facebook We would like to definitely thank you awesome Volunteers, Staff, and guests who came out to TusCon thix year! #TusCon #TusCon49 Please support our shows at www.patreon.com/cppn and even join us in some games! Also keep an eye at the new things on our now affiliated Twitch channel: https://www.twitch.tv/creativeplayandpodcast Also follow us on Facebook at https://www.facebook.com/CreativePlayandPodcastNetwork Would you be interested if we hosted D&D and Edge of Empire games on Roll20 for you to join? Email us at Creativeplaypodcastnet@Gmail.com
Este episodio #59 se titula - Negocios de Monjes Parte 2A principios del siglo XIII surgieron un par de nuevas órdenes monásticas de monjes predicadores conocidas como los Mendicantes. Eran los Franciscanos y los Dominicos.Los Franciscanos fueron fundados por Francisco de Asís. Se concentraban en la predicación a los cristianos ordinarios, tratando de renovar el discipulado básico, guiado por el Espíritu. La misión de los Dominicos tenía como objetivo enfrentarse a los herejes y a las ideas aberrantes.Los dominicos fueron aprobados por el Papa como movimiento oficial patrocinado por la Iglesia en 1216, los franciscanos recibieron el respaldo papal 7 años después.Rápidamente se ganaron el respeto de los eruditos, los príncipes y los papas, además de la alta consideración de las masas. Su buena reputación inicial se ve contrarrestada por la desidia, la ignorancia y, en algunos casos, la infamia de su historia posterior.Ser mendicante significaba depender de la caridad para mantenerse. La Iglesia no paga un sueldo o salario para mantener a los monjes mendicantes.La aparición de estas dos órdenes mendicantes fue uno de los acontecimientos más significativos de la Edad Media, y marca uno de los resurgimientos notables en la historia de la Iglesia cristiana. Fueron el Ejército de Salvación del siglo XIII. En una época en la que el espíritu de las Cruzadas decaía y las herejías amenazaban la autoridad, Francisco de Asís y Domingo de Guzmán, un italiano y un español, se unieron para reavivar el espíritu de la Iglesia de Occidente. Iniciaron el monacato en un nuevo camino. Encarnaron la filantropía cristiana; los reformadores sociológicos de su época. Las órdenes que dieron a luz suministraron a las nuevas universidades y al estudio de la teología algunas de sus luces más brillantes.Difícilmente dos temperamentos podrían diferir más que los de Francisco y Domingo. El poeta Dante describió a Francisco como una Llama, que encendía el mundo con amor; de Domingo dijo que era una Luz, que iluminaba el mundo.Francisco es el más modesto, gentil y amable de todos los grandes de la vida monástica.Domingo era, por decirlo claramente, frío, sistemático y austero.Francisco era más grande que la orden que pretendía encarnar sus costumbres.Los dominicos se hicieron más grandes que su maestro al tomar sus reglas y construir sobre ellas.Francisco era como uno de los apóstoles; Domingo un líder posterior y menor.Cuando pienses en Francisco, imagínatelo mezclado con la gente o caminando por un campo, descalzo para que sus dedos puedan sentir la tierra y la hierba. Domingo debe estar en un estudio, rodeado de libros, o en un tribunal defendiendo un caso.El trabajo de Francisco en su vida era salvar almas. La de Domingo era defender a la Iglesia. Francisco ha sido celebrado por su humildad y dulzura; a Domingo se le llamaba el "Martillo de los herejes".Los dos líderes se encontraron probablemente al menos tres veces. En 1217, ambos estaban en Roma, y el Vaticano propuso la unión de las dos órdenes en una sola organización. Domingo pidió a Francisco su cordón, y se ató con él, diciendo que deseaba que las dos fueran una sola. Un año más tarde volvieron a reunirse en la iglesia de Francisco en Asís, y basándose en lo que vio, Domingo decidió abrazar el mendicante, que los dominicos adoptaron en 1220. En 1221, Domingo y Francisco volvieron a reunirse en Roma, cuando un poderoso cardenal intentó hacerse con el control de las órdenes.Ni Francisco ni Domingo querían reformar las órdenes monásticas existentes. Al principio, Francisco no tenía intención de fundar una orden. Simplemente quería iniciar un movimiento más orgánico de cristianos para transformar el mundo. Tanto Domingo como Francisco trataron de devolver a la Iglesia la simplicidad y la dinámica de los tiempos apostólicos.Sus órdenes se diferenciaban de las antiguas órdenes monásticas en varios aspectos.En primer lugar, su compromiso con la pobreza. La dependencia de la caridad era un compromiso primordial. Ambas prohibían la posesión de bienes. No sólo el monje individual se comprometía a la pobreza, sino también toda la orden. Tal vez recuerdes de nuestro último episodio que esto supuso un gran cambio con respecto a casi todas las órdenes monásticas anteriores, que aunque los monjes individuales se comprometían a la pobreza, sus casas podían llegar a ser bastante ricas y lujosas.La segunda característica era su devoción por las actividades prácticas en la sociedad. Los monjes anteriores habían huido a la soledad del monasterio. Los frailes negros y grises, como se llamaba a los dominicos y franciscanos por los colores de sus hábitos, se entregaron al servicio de un mundo necesitado. A la contemplación solitaria añadieron la inmersión en el mercado. A diferencia de algunas de las órdenes anteriores, no se consumían en la lucha contra su propia carne. Dirigieron su atención a combatir los efectos del mal en el mundo. Predicaron a la gente común. Aliviaron la pobreza. Escuchaban y trataban de reparar las quejas de los oprimidos.Una tercera característica de las órdenes fue que las hermandades laicas desarrollaron una tercera orden, llamada de los Terciarios. Se trataba de hombres y mujeres laicos que, mientras ejercían sus vocaciones habituales, estaban obligados por juramento a practicar las virtudes de la vida cristiana.Algunos cristianos oirán esto y dirán: "Espera, ¿no es eso lo que se supone que hacen todos los auténticos seguidores de Cristo: seguir a Jesús obedientemente mientras están empleados como mecánicos, estudiantes, vendedores, ingenieros, profesores de escuela o lo que sea?"¡En efecto! Pero ten en cuenta que la doctrina de la salvación por la gracia a través de la fe, y de vivir la vida cristiana por el poder del Espíritu había quedado sumergida bajo un montón de religión y rituales. Fue necesaria la Reforma, tres siglos después, para eliminar la costra ritualista y restaurar el Evangelio de la Gracia. En el siglo XIII, la mayoría de la gente pensaba que vivir una vida que realmente complaciera a Dios significaba ser monje, monja o sacerdote. La hermandad laica era una forma de decir, en efecto, "Mi posición en la vida no me permite vivir una vida de clausura; pero si pudiera, lo haría". Muchos, probablemente la mayoría, creían que eran irremediablemente pecadores, pero que dando a su sacerdote o apoyando al monasterio local, los religiosos a tiempo completo podían acumular un excedente de piedad al que podían recurrir para cubrirse. La iglesia facilitaba esta mentalidad. El mensaje no era explícito, pero estaba implícito: "Sigue adelante y lánzate en tu impotencia, pero si apoyas a la iglesia y a sus sacerdotes y monjes, podremos orar por tu alma apenada y hacer obras de bondad que Dios bendecirá, entonces extenderemos nuestra cobertura sobre ti".En un aparte, aunque hoy en día a muchos les suene absurdo, ¿no repiten de hecho esto muchos? ¿No caen en el mismo error cuando un marido espera que su esposa creyente sea lo suficientemente religiosa para los dos? ¿O cuando un adolescente supone que los años de asistencia a la iglesia de su familia le reservarán de algún modo su lugar en el cielo? La salvación en el plano familiar.La hermandad laica era una forma de que los plebeyos dijeran: "Sí, no me creo eso de la santidad sustitutiva. Creo que Dios quiere que YO le siga y no que confíe en la fe de otro".Una cuarta característica fue la actividad de los monjes como profesores en las universidades. Reconocieron que estos nuevos centros de educación tenían una poderosa influencia, y se adaptaron a la situación.Mientras los dominicos se apresuraron a entrar en las universidades, los franciscanos se retrasaron. Lo hicieron porque Francisco se resistía al aprendizaje. Era un poco anti intelectualista. Lo era porque había visto demasiado la erudición de los sacerdotes que ignoraban a los pobres. Por eso decía cosas como: "El conocimiento hincha, pero la caridad edifica".A un novicio le dijo: "Si tienes un cancionero, querrás un libro de oraciones; y si tienes un libro de oraciones, te sentarás en una silla alta como un prelado, y dirás a tu hermano: "Tráeme mi libro de oraciones". "A otro le dijo: "Llegará el tiempo de la tribulación en que los libros serán inútiles y se tirarán".Mientras esta era la actitud de Francisco hacia los académicos, sus sucesores entre los franciscanos construyeron escuelas y fueron solicitados como profesores en lugares como la Universidad de París. Los dominicos abrieron el camino y se establecieron pronto en las sedes de las dos grandes universidades continentales, París y Bolonia.En París, Oxford y Colonia, así como en algunas otras universidades, proporcionaron a los más grandes de los Académicos. Tomás de Aquino, Alberto Magno y Durandus eran dominicos; Juan de San Gil, Alejandro Hales, Adam Marsh, Buenaventura, Duns Escoto, Ockham y Roger Bacon eran franciscanos.La quinta característica notable de las órdenes mendicantes fue su rápida aprobación por parte del Papa. Los franciscanos y los dominicos fueron los primeros cuerpos monásticos que le juraron fidelidad directamente. Ningún obispo, abad o capítulo general intervino entre la orden y el Papa. Las dos órdenes se convirtieron en su guardaespaldas y demostraron ser un baluarte del papado. El Papa nunca había tenido un apoyo tan organizado. Le ayudaron a establecer su autoridad sobre los obispos. Allí donde iban, que era en toda Europa, se encargaban de establecer el principio de la supremacía del Vaticano sobre los príncipes y los reinos.Los Franciscanos y los Dominicos se convirtieron en el brazo ejecutor de la ortodoxia doctrinal. Superaron a todos los demás en la persecución y erradicación de los herejes. En el sur de Francia, aniquilaron la herejía con un río de sangre. Fueron los principales instrumentos de la Inquisición. Torquemada era un Dominico. Ya en 1232, Gregorio IX autorizó oficialmente a los dominicos a llevar a cabo la Inquisición. Y en un movimiento que tuvo que hacer girar a Francisco a toda velocidad en su parcela de enterramiento, los franciscanos exigieron al Papa que les concediera una participación en la truculenta labor. Bajo la dirección de Duns Escoto se convirtieron en defensores de la doctrina de la inmaculada concepción de María.El rápido crecimiento de las órdenes en número e influencia fue acompañado de una amarga rivalidad. Las disputas entre ellas eran tan violentas que en 1255 sus generales tuvieron que pedir a sus monjes que dejaran de luchar. Cada orden estaba constantemente celosa de que la otra gozara de más favor con el Papa que ella misma.Es triste ver lo rápido que la humildad de Francisco y el deseo de verdad de Domingo fueron dejados de lado por las órdenes a las que dieron lugar. Debido al favor papal del que gozaban, los monjes de ambas órdenes comenzaron a entrometerse en todas las parroquias e iglesias, provocando la hostilidad del clero cuyos derechos usurparon. Comenzaron a realizar servicios específicamente sacerdotales, cosas que los monjes no estaban autorizados a hacer, como oír la confesión, conceder la absolución y servir la comunión.Aunque habían empezado como movimientos de reforma, pronto retrasaron la reforma. Degeneraron en obstinados obstructores del progreso de la teología y la civilización. De ser defensores del aprendizaje, se convirtieron en puntales de la ignorancia. La virtud de la pobreza no era más que un barniz para una insolencia vulgar e indolente.Estos cambios se produjeron mucho antes del final del siglo XIII, el mismo en el que nacieron los franciscanos y los dominicos. Los obispos se opusieron a ellos. El clero secular se quejó de ellos. Las universidades los ridiculizaron y denunciaron por su falsa piedad y sus abundantes vicios. Se les comparó con los fariseos y los escribas. Se les declamó como hipócritas que los obispos debían purgar de sus diócesis. Los cardenales y los príncipes apelaron repetidamente a los papas para que pusieran fin a sus intromisiones en los asuntos eclesiásticos, pero normalmente los papas estaban del lado de los mendicantes.En el siglo XV, un conocido maestro enumeró los cuatro grandes perseguidores de la Iglesia: los tiranos, los herejes, el anticristo y los mendicantes.Todo esto es un lamentable descenso desde los elevados comienzos de sus fundadores.En los próximos dos episodios profundizaremos un poco más en estos dos líderes y en las órdenes que fundaron.Al terminar este episodio, quiero volver a dar las gracias a todos los oyentes y suscriptores que han dado "me gusta" y han dejado comentarios en la página de FB de CS.También me gustaría decir lo agradecido que estoy a los que han ido a la página de suscripción de iTunes de CS y han dejado una reseña positiva. Cualquier donación a CS se agradece.
Este episodio #59 se titula - Negocios de Monjes Parte 2A principios del siglo XIII surgieron un par de nuevas órdenes monásticas de monjes predicadores conocidas como los Mendicantes. Eran los Franciscanos y los Dominicos.Los Franciscanos fueron fundados por Francisco de Asís. Se concentraban en la predicación a los cristianos ordinarios, tratando de renovar el discipulado básico, guiado por el Espíritu. La misión de los Dominicos tenía como objetivo enfrentarse a los herejes y a las ideas aberrantes.Los dominicos fueron aprobados por el Papa como movimiento oficial patrocinado por la Iglesia en 1216, los franciscanos recibieron el respaldo papal 7 años después.Rápidamente se ganaron el respeto de los eruditos, los príncipes y los papas, además de la alta consideración de las masas. Su buena reputación inicial se ve contrarrestada por la desidia, la ignorancia y, en algunos casos, la infamia de su historia posterior.Ser mendicante significaba depender de la caridad para mantenerse. La Iglesia no paga un sueldo o salario para mantener a los monjes mendicantes.La aparición de estas dos órdenes mendicantes fue uno de los acontecimientos más significativos de la Edad Media, y marca uno de los resurgimientos notables en la historia de la Iglesia cristiana. Fueron el Ejército de Salvación del siglo XIII. En una época en la que el espíritu de las Cruzadas decaía y las herejías amenazaban la autoridad, Francisco de Asís y Domingo de Guzmán, un italiano y un español, se unieron para reavivar el espíritu de la Iglesia de Occidente. Iniciaron el monacato en un nuevo camino. Encarnaron la filantropía cristiana; los reformadores sociológicos de su época. Las órdenes que dieron a luz suministraron a las nuevas universidades y al estudio de la teología algunas de sus luces más brillantes.Difícilmente dos temperamentos podrían diferir más que los de Francisco y Domingo. El poeta Dante describió a Francisco como una Llama, que encendía el mundo con amor; de Domingo dijo que era una Luz, que iluminaba el mundo.Francisco es el más modesto, gentil y amable de todos los grandes de la vida monástica.Domingo era, por decirlo claramente, frío, sistemático y austero.Francisco era más grande que la orden que pretendía encarnar sus costumbres.Los dominicos se hicieron más grandes que su maestro al tomar sus reglas y construir sobre ellas.Francisco era como uno de los apóstoles; Domingo un líder posterior y menor.Cuando pienses en Francisco, imagínatelo mezclado con la gente o caminando por un campo, descalzo para que sus dedos puedan sentir la tierra y la hierba. Domingo debe estar en un estudio, rodeado de libros, o en un tribunal defendiendo un caso.El trabajo de Francisco en su vida era salvar almas. La de Domingo era defender a la Iglesia. Francisco ha sido celebrado por su humildad y dulzura; a Domingo se le llamaba el "Martillo de los herejes".Los dos líderes se encontraron probablemente al menos tres veces. En 1217, ambos estaban en Roma, y el Vaticano propuso la unión de las dos órdenes en una sola organización. Domingo pidió a Francisco su cordón, y se ató con él, diciendo que deseaba que las dos fueran una sola. Un año más tarde volvieron a reunirse en la iglesia de Francisco en Asís, y basándose en lo que vio, Domingo decidió abrazar el mendicante, que los dominicos adoptaron en 1220. En 1221, Domingo y Francisco volvieron a reunirse en Roma, cuando un poderoso cardenal intentó hacerse con el control de las órdenes.Ni Francisco ni Domingo querían reformar las órdenes monásticas existentes. Al principio, Francisco no tenía intención de fundar una orden. Simplemente quería iniciar un movimiento más orgánico de cristianos para transformar el mundo. Tanto Domingo como Francisco trataron de devolver a la Iglesia la simplicidad y la dinámica de los tiempos apostólicos.Sus órdenes se diferenciaban de las antiguas órdenes monásticas en varios aspectos.En primer lugar, su compromiso con la pobreza. La dependencia de la caridad era un compromiso primordial. Ambas prohibían la posesión de bienes. No sólo el monje individual se comprometía a la pobreza, sino también toda la orden. Tal vez recuerdes de nuestro último episodio que esto supuso un gran cambio con respecto a casi todas las órdenes monásticas anteriores, que aunque los monjes individuales se comprometían a la pobreza, sus casas podían llegar a ser bastante ricas y lujosas.La segunda característica era su devoción por las actividades prácticas en la sociedad. Los monjes anteriores habían huido a la soledad del monasterio. Los frailes negros y grises, como se llamaba a los dominicos y franciscanos por los colores de sus hábitos, se entregaron al servicio de un mundo necesitado. A la contemplación solitaria añadieron la inmersión en el mercado. A diferencia de algunas de las órdenes anteriores, no se consumían en la lucha contra su propia carne. Dirigieron su atención a combatir los efectos del mal en el mundo. Predicaron a la gente común. Aliviaron la pobreza. Escuchaban y trataban de reparar las quejas de los oprimidos.Una tercera característica de las órdenes fue que las hermandades laicas desarrollaron una tercera orden, llamada de los Terciarios. Se trataba de hombres y mujeres laicos que, mientras ejercían sus vocaciones habituales, estaban obligados por juramento a practicar las virtudes de la vida cristiana.Algunos cristianos oirán esto y dirán: "Espera, ¿no es eso lo que se supone que hacen todos los auténticos seguidores de Cristo: seguir a Jesús obedientemente mientras están empleados como mecánicos, estudiantes, vendedores, ingenieros, profesores de escuela o lo que sea?"¡En efecto! Pero ten en cuenta que la doctrina de la salvación por la gracia a través de la fe, y de vivir la vida cristiana por el poder del Espíritu había quedado sumergida bajo un montón de religión y rituales. Fue necesaria la Reforma, tres siglos después, para eliminar la costra ritualista y restaurar el Evangelio de la Gracia. En el siglo XIII, la mayoría de la gente pensaba que vivir una vida que realmente complaciera a Dios significaba ser monje, monja o sacerdote. La hermandad laica era una forma de decir, en efecto, "Mi posición en la vida no me permite vivir una vida de clausura; pero si pudiera, lo haría". Muchos, probablemente la mayoría, creían que eran irremediablemente pecadores, pero que dando a su sacerdote o apoyando al monasterio local, los religiosos a tiempo completo podían acumular un excedente de piedad al que podían recurrir para cubrirse. La iglesia facilitaba esta mentalidad. El mensaje no era explícito, pero estaba implícito: "Sigue adelante y lánzate en tu impotencia, pero si apoyas a la iglesia y a sus sacerdotes y monjes, podremos orar por tu alma apenada y hacer obras de bondad que Dios bendecirá, entonces extenderemos nuestra cobertura sobre ti".En un aparte, aunque hoy en día a muchos les suene absurdo, ¿no repiten de hecho esto muchos? ¿No caen en el mismo error cuando un marido espera que su esposa creyente sea lo suficientemente religiosa para los dos? ¿O cuando un adolescente supone que los años de asistencia a la iglesia de su familia le reservarán de algún modo su lugar en el cielo? La salvación en el plano familiar.La hermandad laica era una forma de que los plebeyos dijeran: "Sí, no me creo eso de la santidad sustitutiva. Creo que Dios quiere que YO le siga y no que confíe en la fe de otro".Una cuarta característica fue la actividad de los monjes como profesores en las universidades. Reconocieron que estos nuevos centros de educación tenían una poderosa influencia, y se adaptaron a la situación.Mientras los dominicos se apresuraron a entrar en las universidades, los franciscanos se retrasaron. Lo hicieron porque Francisco se resistía al aprendizaje. Era un poco anti intelectualista. Lo era porque había visto demasiado la erudición de los sacerdotes que ignoraban a los pobres. Por eso decía cosas como: "El conocimiento hincha, pero la caridad edifica".A un novicio le dijo: "Si tienes un cancionero, querrás un libro de oraciones; y si tienes un libro de oraciones, te sentarás en una silla alta como un prelado, y dirás a tu hermano: "Tráeme mi libro de oraciones". "A otro le dijo: "Llegará el tiempo de la tribulación en que los libros serán inútiles y se tirarán".Mientras esta era la actitud de Francisco hacia los académicos, sus sucesores entre los franciscanos construyeron escuelas y fueron solicitados como profesores en lugares como la Universidad de París. Los dominicos abrieron el camino y se establecieron pronto en las sedes de las dos grandes universidades continentales, París y Bolonia.En París, Oxford y Colonia, así como en algunas otras universidades, proporcionaron a los más grandes de los Académicos. Tomás de Aquino, Alberto Magno y Durandus eran dominicos; Juan de San Gil, Alejandro Hales, Adam Marsh, Buenaventura, Duns Escoto, Ockham y Roger Bacon eran franciscanos.La quinta característica notable de las órdenes mendicantes fue su rápida aprobación por parte del Papa. Los franciscanos y los dominicos fueron los primeros cuerpos monásticos que le juraron fidelidad directamente. Ningún obispo, abad o capítulo general intervino entre la orden y el Papa. Las dos órdenes se convirtieron en su guardaespaldas y demostraron ser un baluarte del papado. El Papa nunca había tenido un apoyo tan organizado. Le ayudaron a establecer su autoridad sobre los obispos. Allí donde iban, que era en toda Europa, se encargaban de establecer el principio de la supremacía del Vaticano sobre los príncipes y los reinos.Los Franciscanos y los Dominicos se convirtieron en el brazo ejecutor de la ortodoxia doctrinal. Superaron a todos los demás en la persecución y erradicación de los herejes. En el sur de Francia, aniquilaron la herejía con un río de sangre. Fueron los principales instrumentos de la Inquisición. Torquemada era un Dominico. Ya en 1232, Gregorio IX autorizó oficialmente a los dominicos a llevar a cabo la Inquisición. Y en un movimiento que tuvo que hacer girar a Francisco a toda velocidad en su parcela de enterramiento, los franciscanos exigieron al Papa que les concediera una participación en la truculenta labor. Bajo la dirección de Duns Escoto se convirtieron en defensores de la doctrina de la inmaculada concepción de María.El rápido crecimiento de las órdenes en número e influencia fue acompañado de una amarga rivalidad. Las disputas entre ellas eran tan violentas que en 1255 sus generales tuvieron que pedir a sus monjes que dejaran de luchar. Cada orden estaba constantemente celosa de que la otra gozara de más favor con el Papa que ella misma.Es triste ver lo rápido que la humildad de Francisco y el deseo de verdad de Domingo fueron dejados de lado por las órdenes a las que dieron lugar. Debido al favor papal del que gozaban, los monjes de ambas órdenes comenzaron a entrometerse en todas las parroquias e iglesias, provocando la hostilidad del clero cuyos derechos usurparon. Comenzaron a realizar servicios específicamente sacerdotales, cosas que los monjes no estaban autorizados a hacer, como oír la confesión, conceder la absolución y servir la comunión.Aunque habían empezado como movimientos de reforma, pronto retrasaron la reforma. Degeneraron en obstinados obstructores del progreso de la teología y la civilización. De ser defensores del aprendizaje, se convirtieron en puntales de la ignorancia. La virtud de la pobreza no era más que un barniz para una insolencia vulgar e indolente.Estos cambios se produjeron mucho antes del final del siglo XIII, el mismo en el que nacieron los franciscanos y los dominicos. Los obispos se opusieron a ellos. El clero secular se quejó de ellos. Las universidades los ridiculizaron y denunciaron por su falsa piedad y sus abundantes vicios. Se les comparó con los fariseos y los escribas. Se les declamó como hipócritas que los obispos debían purgar de sus diócesis. Los cardenales y los príncipes apelaron repetidamente a los papas para que pusieran fin a sus intromisiones en los asuntos eclesiásticos, pero normalmente los papas estaban del lado de los mendicantes.En el siglo XV, un conocido maestro enumeró los cuatro grandes perseguidores de la Iglesia: los tiranos, los herejes, el anticristo y los mendicantes.Todo esto es un lamentable descenso desde los elevados comienzos de sus fundadores.En los próximos dos episodios profundizaremos un poco más en estos dos líderes y en las órdenes que fundaron.Al terminar este episodio, quiero volver a dar las gracias a todos los oyentes y suscriptores que han dado "me gusta" y han dejado comentarios en la página de FB de CS.También me gustaría decir lo agradecido que estoy a los que han ido a la página de suscripción de iTunes de CS y han dejado una reseña positiva. Cualquier donación a CS se agradece.
Join the Bonus Accessory crew every Friday as they dive head first into all things Xbox, Xbox Game Pass, & PC gaming. One of 2022's most anticipated games has finally arrived in Elden Ring, and naturally everyone wants to know: does it live up to hype? We dive into our (SPOILER-FREE) thoughts around FromSoftware's newest titles, how its impact across the gaming industry will be felt, and much more on the newest episode of the Game Pass Gamecast! Be sure to subscribe and turn on notifications so you never miss a show when they drop every Friday morning! ▶️Game Pass Gamecast YouTube: https://bit.ly/2M8OtfW▶️
Welcome to the pilot episode of a new show under The Trash Tapes network, the 'Not So Trash Reviews'! Johann will be reviewing indie darlings. cult cinema and misunderstood gems with different guests within the film community, producing a theorical deep dive into why these films are so unique.On this episode, Johann is joined by Scriptwriter and Cine-Lit Podcast host Adam Marsh to examine the 1978 Ozploitation film 'Patrick', a movie about a coma patient causing havoc through the power of telekinesis. While the premise may seem schlocky, we explore how Richard Franklin's underrated film is actually a tribute to Alfred Hitchcock. It is time to grab the doctor robes and prepare the typewriters as we prepare to examine 'Patrick'.Original Music by Karl Casey @ White Bat Audio - ' 'Hackers' and 'Arcadia'If you want to hear more from Adam Marsh, check out the Cine-Lit podcast here (https://shows.acast.com/cine-lit)For more information on future projects and episodes, check out our:@Facebook page (https://www.facebook.com/studioenigmatic/)@Instagram (https://www.instagram.com/enigmaticproductions/)@Twitter (https://twitter.com/enigmatic_uk)or explore our website at https://www.enigmaticproductions.co.uk/the-trash-tapesWant to support the show? Click here to donate - https://www.buymeacoffee.com/thetrashtapesSupport this show http://supporter.acast.com/thetrashtapes. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.
Cine-Lit's Adam Marsh is joined by Derby QUAD's Peter Munford to talk about his passion for East Asian cinema and the films that inspired him to set up the monthly film night Satori Screen.Covering a wide range of countries and genres we delve into Park Chan Wook's Vengeance trilogy, Jackie Chan's breakthrough movie, the most profitable movie ever made One Cut Of The Dead (2017), the incredibly influential anime Akira and an Indonesian ripoff film called Lady Terminator!Check out the Cine-Lit website for additional content and further reading: https://cinelitpodcast.wordpress.comFor more information on Peter's monthly Satori Screen night - check out the Facebook page - https://www.facebook.com/SatoriScreen Get bonus content on Patreon See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.
Join the Bonus Accessory crew every Friday as they dive head first into all things Xbox, Xbox Game Pass, and PC gaming. We’re now less than a week away from the highly anticipated Xbox Games Showcase and the hype is truly palpable. So, this week, we give our predictions for what we expect from Thursday’s event, along with seeing what other members of the industry seem to think. Will Halo Infinite’s campaign showcase a return to form for one of gaming’s greats? Will we finally see the long rumored Fable reboot be revealed? Will Obsidian’s secret project finally see the light of day? We run through it all and set the table for Microsoft’s biggest event of the summer. Plus, Microsoft has revealed the secret sauce behind the Xbox Series X, its Velocity Architecture, which focuses on providing blazing fast load times, smaller file sizes, and more, but how will this impact game development in both the short and long term for the next console generation? Also, Phil Spencer emphasizes that games won’t be held back by continuing to support the Xbox One after the launch of the Xbox Series X, but does this commitment have the potential to impact the creative and artistic vision of developers when it comes to forming what their games can be within the breath of supported hardware? All of this, and much more, on the newest episode of the Game Pass Gamecast! Be sure to subscribe and turn on notifications to be the first to listen to new episodes as soon as they drop every Friday!
Cine-Lit host Adam Marsh is joined by resident expert Darrell Buxton to delve into the history of RKO studios through five films that are currently available to view for free on the BBC iPlayer.From the biggest star in Hollywood (King Kong) to, arguably, the greatest film ever made (Citizen Kane), RKO had a run from the late 1920s through to the mid 1950's and left an indelible mark on cinema history.Here are five reasons to love…. RKO!Check out the Cine-Lit website for additional content and further reading: https://cinelitpodcast.wordpress.comClassic RKO films come to BBC iPlayer - Press Release from BBC Media CentreWith thanks to Steve Woodward at The Podcasting Editor for behind-the-scenes assistance. Get bonus content on Patreon See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.
Join the Bonus Accessory crew every Friday as they dive head first into a game/series that is available on one of the best values in gaming: Xbox Game Pass. This weeks, the guys are shaking up the formula, and doing a special Party Chat edition of the show, covering a ton of trending topics in the gaming landscape. Be sure to subscribe and turn on notifications to be the first to listen to new episodes as soon as they drop every Friday! Game Pass Gamecast YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCwHgapC88TRFVLuehFt73OQ Game Pass Gamecast Twitter: twitter.com/GPGCPodcast Travis White: twitter.com/travless_ Mike Pipak: twitter.com/toysxldier Adam Marsh: twitter.com/ac_marshy --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/bonusaccessory/support
Join the Bonus Accessory crew every Friday as they dive head first into a game/series that is available on one of the best values in gaming: Xbox Game Pass. This weeks, the guys get old school tough with Team Ninja's 2005 hit, Ninja Gaiden Black. Discussions range from its rewarding yet unforgiving gameplay to debating accessibility in gaming in 2019, no topic is off limits. Be sure to subscribe and turn on notifications to be the first to listen to new episodes as soon as they drop every Friday! Game Pass Gamecast Twitter: twitter.com/GPGCPodcast Travis White: twitter.com/travless_ Mike Pipak: twitter.com/toysxldier Adam Marsh: twitter.com/ac_marshy Halo Outpost Discovery Video: https://twitter.com/TheCollector198/status/1150590784644833286 --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/bonusaccessory/support
Join the Bonus Accessory crew every Friday as they dive head first into a game/series that is available on one of the best values in gaming: Xbox Game Pass. This weeks, the guys tear into the Gears of War series, delving into it's revolutionary approach to the cover-shooter genre, the spectacular approach to marketing the game as a new IP at the time, and the beautifully twisted narrative that the series is known for. Be sure to subscribe and turn on notifications to be the first to listen to new episodes as soon as they drop every Friday! Bonus Accessory Twitter: twitter.com/bonusaccessory Travis White: twitter.com/travless_ Mike Pipak: twitter.com/toysxldier Adam Marsh: twitter.com/ac_marshy --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/bonusaccessory/support
September 5-11, 1987 Today Ken welcomes writer (Atomic Bebop Hulabaloo) and friend Adam Marsh to the show. Ken and Adam discuss Adam's dream come true of appearing on the show, Adam's complicated sibling history, pool hustlers, Tower Records, New Kids on the Block, arcades, the homeless, slug people, pools, Mountain time, Pool Trucks, Rumpus Rooms, Werewolf, Chuck Connors, Thicke of the Night, Chris Elliot, Jay Leno on Letterman, What's Your Beef?, Marlon Brando, The New Adventures of Beans Baxter, Empire Records, Second Chance, Married...with Children, NOW Comics, Ralph Snart, Matthew Perry, the collarless shirt future, SCTV, The Kids in the Hall, Win Lose or Draw, My Sister Sam, the sad loss of Rebecca Schaffer, P.I., going to TV tapings, being a featured extra in 90s teen shows, Who's the Boss, Larry Jr. vs. Larry Jr., bothering Diane Lane, Streets of Fire, AIDS, elderly street puppeteers, Highway to Heaven, Head of the Class, directing Orson Welles, Chris Elliot on the Equalizer, people named "Rags", Gilbert Godfrey as a card salesman, The Charmings, Shelley Long, four part Night Courts, Saturday Morning Preview specials, 227, Gummy Bears, hating Foofer, Disney missing a trick by not embracing Gargoyles, Miami Vice with Bob Balaban, G. Gordon Liddy, D.C. Follies, when the U.S. was into the Taliban, and the greatest episode of all time.
Interview with film and theatre actor, writer and director Adam Marsh, cinematographer and director of Death of an Axolotl.
Adam Marsh was an editor and agent at Reece Halsey North Literary Agency, and brings to his work a passion for storytelling and the knowledge of what it takes to publish in today's competitive market. Adam has taught classes and delivered presentations at numerous writers conferences and universities, including the Maui Writers Conference, Santa Barbara Writers Conference, San Diego State University Writers Conference, Willamette Writers Conference, San Francisco State University, Academy of Art University, University of Nevada in Las Vegas, Book Passage, and Writers Retreat Workshop in Erlanger, Kentucky. Alex Dolan is the author of The Euthanist and The Empress of Tempera. He is also the host of the "Thrill Seekers" show on the Authors on the Air Global Radio Network. He was an executive committee member of the San Francisco Bay Area's Litquake festival, and is a member of International Thriller Writers and Sisters in Crime. He holds an MS in strategic communications from Columbia University. This is a trademarked copyrighted podcast solely owned by the Authors on the Air Global Radio Network LLC.
Kayak fishing from a kayak with Adam Marsh of Cabela's Cabela's Outfitter in the fishing department Honed his skills as a youngster on Houghton Lake Fishes from a kayak Uses spinning reels due to having to fish sitting down in the kayak Uses 10ft fishing kayak Shorter kayaks are easier to maneuver in streams with current Gives you the ability to stop and bank fish in areas that people with motor boats cannot get access to fish Stays in the kayak to fish on inland lakes Can transport without using a trailer or a vehicle without a trailer hitch You use more upper body strength to fight the fish unlike from a boat or on a shore Uses Cabela's Advamced Angler Pro Series Sling Pack for carrying fishing tackle Uses Fenwick 5'6" 2 Piece Rod PFD's and water shoes Making a wingbone turkey call with Mike Rusz of Cabela's Cabela's Outfitter, turkey and waterfowl specialist Takes us on a Rio Turkey hunt in Kansas where he kills two toms at one time! Makes a wingbone turkey call from one of the toms Mike shot in Kansas The process for making a wingbone call Wants to call in a Rio with the call he made from the wingbones of the Rio he killed. What it sounds like and the technique to sound the call Wants to make a Grand Slam of wingbone turkey calls Hunting Slam quests in North America with Mike Ruzs of Cabela's Talking Grand Slam of turkeys What consists of Royal and World Slams of turkeys? North American Whitetail Slam North American Flyway Waterfowl Slam Missing the Miriam from the Grand Slam due to a hunt with two friends who connected and also the Osceola in Florida Personal quests What drives us to the slams or bucket lists as we get older? A La Carte Fishing with Cabela's Outfitter David Kuhl Talks about working with Cabela's Helps to set up people who want to DYI fish any where in Michigan or guides for those trips as well Educates people on proper technique or style to catch a particular species on a particular body of water Great for out of town vacationers to take a day fishing trip Helps with learning what boat to purchase for the setup they are looking to achieve Offers three styles of boats for fishing
Kayak fishing from a kayak with Adam Marsh of Cabela's Cabela's Outfitter in the fishing department Honed his skills as a youngster on Houghton Lake Fishes from a kayak Uses spinning reels due to having to fish sitting down in the kayak Uses 10ft fishing kayak Shorter kayaks are easier to maneuver in streams with current Gives you the ability to stop and bank fish in areas that people with motor boats cannot get access to fish Stays in the kayak to fish on inland lakes Can transport without using a trailer or a vehicle without a trailer hitch You use more upper body strength to fight the fish unlike from a boat or on a shore Uses Cabela's Advamced Angler Pro Series Sling Pack for carrying fishing tackle Uses Fenwick 5'6" 2 Piece Rod PFD's and water shoes Keep fish or catch and release How to keep important stuff dry, drivers license, fishing license, camera, etc... Musky fishing from a kayak Getting set up Learn from someone who has experience how to use a kayak before heading out to fish for the first time
Kayak fishing from a kayak with Adam Marsh of Cabela's Cabela's Outfitter in the fishing department Honed his skills as a youngster on Houghton Lake Fishes from a kayak Uses spinning reels due to having to fish sitting down in the kayak Uses 10ft fishing kayak Shorter kayaks are easier to maneuver in streams with current Gives you the ability to stop and bank fish in areas that people with motor boats cannot get access to fish Stays in the kayak to fish on inland lakes Can transport without using a trailer or a vehicle without a trailer hitch You use more upper body strength to fight the fish unlike from a boat or on a shore Uses Cabela's Advamced Angler Pro Series Sling Pack for carrying fishing tackle Uses Fenwick 5'6" 2 Piece Rod PFD's and water shoes Making a wingbone turkey call with Mike Rusz of Cabela's Cabela's Outfitter, turkey and waterfowl specialist Takes us on a Rio Turkey hunt in Kansas where he kills two toms at one time! Makes a wingbone turkey call from one of the toms Mike shot in Kansas The process for making a wingbone call Wants to call in a Rio with the call he made from the wingbones of the Rio he killed. What it sounds like and the technique to sound the call Wants to make a Grand Slam of wingbone turkey calls Hunting Slam quests in North America with Mike Ruzs of Cabela's Talking Grand Slam of turkeys What consists of Royal and World Slams of turkeys? North American Whitetail Slam North American Flyway Waterfowl Slam Missing the Miriam from the Grand Slam due to a hunt with two friends who connected and also the Osceola in Florida Personal quests What drives us to the slams or bucket lists as we get older? A La Carte Fishing with Cabela's Outfitter David Kuhl Talks about working with Cabela's Helps to set up people who want to DYI fish any where in Michigan or guides for those trips as well Educates people on proper technique or style to catch a particular species on a particular body of water Great for out of town vacationers to take a day fishing trip Helps with learning what boat to purchase for the setup they are looking to achieve Offers three styles of boats for fishing
We know, you're upset that Lulzsec have disbanded. But this world just isn't big enough for both them and One Life Left to be around in. What we're trying to say is we're back, Back, BACK! With a new website, a new scoring system and some new features. Well, two out of three isn't that bad. Or is it one out of three? In this week's episode we also speak to our super-special guest Adam Marsh from www.16bits.co.uk about how to pick up strange men on trains using a 3DS. Occasionally we mention his website, but as it's about games we keep it to a safe minimum. Other subjects we touch on are Ste and Ann's superhero alter-egos, people spotting Derek live on the show, the perils of finding a replacement for Taliah and Simon's strange hand gestures. So another game-centric episode in other words. Also feel free to contact us via the usual address if you would like to contribute to the show, or just send us a letter if you want. Cheerio! Team OLL Tracklist: VCMG - Caffeine Pirates with Paper Hats - Halo Yerzmyey - Critical Error
Host Chris Wakeman interviews Adam Marsh to preview ID Fest, QUAD's new film festival and meets a first time customer to celebrate QUADs 2nd Birthday.
This episode is titled – Monk Business Part 2In the early 13th C a couple new monastic orders of preaching monks sprang up known as the Mendicants. They were the Franciscans and Dominicans.The Franciscans were founded by Francis of Assisi. They concentrated on preaching to ordinary Christians, seeking to renew basic, Spirit-led discipleship. The mission of the Dominicans aimed at confronting heretics and aberrant ideas.The Dominicans were approved by the Pope as an official, church sponsored movement in 1216, the Franciscans received Papal endorsement 7 years later.They quickly gained the respect of scholars, princes, and popes, along with high regard by the masses. Their fine early reputation is counterbalanced by the idleness, ignorance, and in some cases, infamy, of their later history.To be a Mendicant meant to rely on charity for support. A salary or wage isn't paid by the church to support mendicant monks.The appearance of these two mendicant orders was one of the most significant events of the Middle Ages, and marks one of the notable revivals in the history of the Christian Church. They were the Salvation Army of the 13th C. At a time when the spirit of the Crusades was waning and heresies threatened authority, Francis d'Assisi and Dominic de Guzman, an Italian and a Spaniard, united in reviving the spirit of the Western Church. They started monasticism on a new path. They embodied Christian philanthropy; the sociological reformers of their age. The orders they birthed supplied the new universities and study of theology with some of their most brilliant lights.Two temperaments could scarcely have differed more widely than the temperaments of Francis and Dominic. The poet Dante described Francis as a Flame, igniting the world with love; Dominic he said, was a Light, illuminating the world.Francis is the most unpretentious, gentle, and lovable of all greats of monastic life.Dominic was, to put it bluntly à cold, systematic, and austere.Francis was greater than the order that sought to embody his ways.The Dominicans became greater than their master by taking his rules and building on them.Francis was like one of the apostles; Dominic a later and lesser leader.When you think of Francis, see him mingling with people or walking through a field, barefoot so his toes can feel the soil and grass. Dominic belongs in a study, surrounded by books, or in court pleading a case.Francis' lifework was to save souls. Dominic's was to defend the Church. Francis has been celebrated for his humility and gentleness; Dominic was called the “Hammer of heretics.”The two leaders probable met at least thre times. In 1217, they were both at Rome, and the Vatican proposed the union of the two orders into one organization. Dominic asked Francis for his cord, and bound himself with it, saying he desired the two to be one. A year later they again met at Francis' church in Assisi, and on the basis of what he saw, Dominic decided to embrace mendicancy, which the Dominicans adopted in 1220. In 1221, Dominic and Francis again met at Rome, when a powerful Cardinal tried to wrest control of the orders.Neither Francis nor Dominic wanted to reform existing monastic orders. At first, Francis had no intention of founding an order. He simply wanted to start a more organic movement of Christians to transform the world. Both Dominic and Francis sought to return the church to the simplicity and dynamic of Apostolic times.Their orders differed from the older monastic orders in several ways.First was their commitment to poverty. Dependence on charity was a primary commitment. Both forbade the possession of property. Not only did the individual monk pledge poverty, the entire order did as well. You may remember from our last episode this was a major turn-around from nearly all the previous monastic orders, who while the individual monks were pledged to poverty, their houses could become quite wealthy and plush.The second feature was their devotion to practical activities in society. Previous monks had fled for solitude to the monastery. The Black and Gray Friars, as the Dominicans and Franciscans were called from the colors of their habits, gave themselves to the service of a needy world. To solitary contemplation they added immersion in the marketplace. Unlike some of the previous orders, they weren't consumed with warring against their own flesh. They turned their attention to battling the effects of evil on the world. They preached to the common people. They relieved poverty. They listened to and sought to redress the complaints of the oppressed.A third characteristic of the orders was that lay brotherhoods developed à a 3rd order, called the Tertiaries. These were lay men and women who, while pursuing their usual vocations, were bound by oath to practice the virtues of the Christian life.Some Christians will hear this and say, “Wait – isn't that what all genuine followers in Christ are supposed to do– follow Jesus obediently while being employed as a mechanic, student, salesman, engineer school-teacher or whatever?”Indeed! But keep in mind that the doctrine of salvation by grace through faith, and living the Christian life by the power of the Spirit had been submerged under a lot of religion and ritual. It took the Reformation, three centuries later to clear away the ritualistic crust and restore the Gospel of Grace. In the 13th C, most people thought living a life that really pleased God meant being a monk, nun or priest. Lay brotherhood was a way for someone to in effect say – “My station in life doesn't allow me to live a cloistered life; but if I could, I would.” Many, probably most believed they were hopelessly sinful, but that by giving to their priest or supporting the local monastery, the full-time religious guys could rack up a surplus of godliness they could draw on to cover them. The church facilitated this mindset. The message wasn't explicit but implied was, “You go on and muddle through your helplessness, but if you support the church and her priests and monks, we'll be able to pray for your sorry soul and do works of kindness God will bless, then we'll extend our covering over you.”On an aside, while that sounds absurd to many today, don't in fact many repeat this? Don't they fall to the same error when a husband hopes his believing wife is religious enough for the both of them? Or when a teenager assumes his family's years of going to church will somehow reserve his/her spot in heaven? Salvation on the family-plan.Lay brotherhood was a way for commoners to say, “Yeah, I don't really buy that surrogate-holiness thing. I think God wants ME to follow Him and not trust someone else's faith.”A fourth feature was monks activity as teachers in the universities. They recognized these new centers of education held a powerful influence, and adapted themselves to the situation.While the Dominicans were quick to enter the universities, the Franciscans lagged. They did so because Francis had resisted learning. He was a bit of an anti-intellectualist. He was because he'd seen way too much of the scholarship of priests who ignored the poor. So he said things like, “Knowledge puffs up, but charity edifies.”To a novice he said, “If you have a songbook you'll want a prayer-book; and if you have a prayer-book, you'll sit on a high chair like a prelate, and say to your brother, 'Bring me my prayer-book.' ” To another he said, “The time of tribulation will come when books will be useless and be thrown away.”While this was Francis' attitude toward academics, his successors among the Franciscans built schools and became sought after as professors in places like the University of Paris. The Dominicans led the way, and established themselves early at the seats of the two great continental universities, Paris and Bologna.At Paris, Oxford, and Cologne, as well as a few other universities, they furnished the greatest of the Academics. Thomas Aquinas, Albertus Magnus, and Durandus, were Dominicans; John of St. Giles, Alexander Hales, Adam Marsh, Bonaventura, Duns Scotus, Ockham, and Roger Bacon were all Franciscans.The fifth notable feature of the Mendicant orders was their quick approval by the Pope. The Franciscans and Dominicans were the first monastic bodies to vow allegiance directly to him. No bishop, abbot, or general chapter intervened between order and Pope. The two orders became his bodyguard and proved themselves to be a bulwark of the papacy. The Pope had never had such organized support before. They helped him establish his authority over bishops. Wherever they went, which was everywhere in Europe, they made it their business to establish the principle of the Vatican's supremacy over princes and realms.The Franciscans and Dominicans became the enforcement arm for doctrinal orthodoxy. They excelled all others in hunting down and rooting out heretics. In Southern France, they wiped out heresy with a river of blood. They were the leading instruments of the Inquisition. Torquemada was a Dominican. As early as 1232, Gregory IX officially authorized the Dominicans to carry out the Inquisition. And in a move that had to send Francis spinning at top speed in his burial plot, the Franciscans demanded the Pope grant them a share in the gruesome work. Under the lead of Duns Scotus they became champions of the doctrine of the immaculate conception of Mary.The rapid growth of the orders in number and influence was accompanied by bitter rivalry. The disputes between them were so violent that in 1255 their generals had to call on their monks to stop fighting. Each order was constantly jealous that the other enjoyed more favor with the pope than itself.It's sad to see how quickly the humility of Francis and the desire for truth in Dominic was set aside by the orders they gave rise to. Because of the papal favor they enjoyed, monks of both orders began to intrude into every parish and church, incurring the hostility of the clergy whose rights they usurped. They began doing specifically priestly services, things monks were not authorized to do, like hearing confession, granting absolution, and serving Communion.Though they'd begun as reform movements, they soon delayed reformation. They degenerated into obstinate obstructers of progress in theology and civilization. From being the advocates of learning, they became props to ignorance. The virtue of poverty was naught but a veneer for a vulgar and indolent insolence.These changes set in long before the end of the 13th C, the same century the Franciscans and Dominicans had their birth. Bishops opposed them. The secular clergy complained of them. Universities ridiculed and denounced them for their mock piety and abundant vices. They were compared to the Pharisees and Scribes. They were declaimed as hypocrites that bishops were urged to purge from their dioceses. Cardinals and princes repeatedly appealed to popes to end their intrusions into church affairs, but usually the popes were on the Mendicant's side.In the 15th C, one well-known teacher listed the four great persecutors of the Church; tyrants, heretics, antichrist, and the Mendicants.All of this is a sorry come-down from the lofty beginnings of their founders.We'll take the next couple episodes to go into a bit more depth on these two leaders and the orders they founded.As we end this episode, I want to again say thanks to all those listeners and subscribers who've “liked” and left comments on the CS FB page.I'd also like to say how appreciative I am to those who've gone to the iTunes subscription page for CS and left a positive review. Any donation to CS is appreciated.