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In the ancient peaks of Scandinavia, an intelligent mountain spirit lures experienced hunters deeper into the wilderness than they've ever gone before, where the familiar becomes foreign and the only way out is a path that leads to madness.

Last time we spoke about the Soviet-Japanese Border Conflict. The border between Soviet Manchuria and Japanese-occupied territories emerges not as a single line but as a mosaic of contested spaces, marks, and memories. A sequence of incidents, skirmishes along the Chaun and Tumen rivers, reconnaissance sorties, and the complex diplomacy of Moscow, Tokyo, and peripheral actors to trace how risk escalated from routine patrols to calibrated leverage. On the ground, terrain functioned as both obstacle and argument: ridges like Changkufeng Hill shaping sightlines, river valleys shaping decisions, and markers weathered by snow, wind, and drift. In command tents, officers translated terrain into doctrine: contingency plans, supply routes, and the precarious calculus of restraint versus escalation. Both nations sought to establish firmer defensive barriers against the other. Inevitably they were destined to clash, but how large that clash would become, nobody knew.   #176 The Changkufeng Incident Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War. In the last episode we broke down a general history of the Soviet-Japanese Border Conflict and how it escalated significantly by 1938. Colonel Inada Masazum serving as chief of the 2nd Operations Section within the Operations Bureau in March of 1938 would play a significant role in this story. When the Japanese command's attention was drawn to the area of Changkufeng, consideration was given to the ownership and importance of the disputed high ground. Inada and his operations section turned to an appraisal of the geography. The officers had been impressed by the strategic importance of the Tumen, which served to cut off the hill country from North Korea. In the Changkufeng area, the river was a muddy 600 to 800 meters wide and three to five meters deep. Japanese engineers had described rowing across the stream as "rather difficult."  Russian roads on the left bank were very good, according to Japanese intelligence. Heavy vehicles moved easily; the Maanshan section comprised the Russians' main line of communications in the rear. To haul up troops and materiel, the Russians were obliged to use trucks and ships, for there were no railways apart from a four-kilometer line between the harbor and town of Novokievsk. Near Changkufeng, hardly any roadways were suitable for vehicular traffic. On the right, or Korean, bank of the Tumen, there were only three roads suitable for vehicular traffic, but even these routes became impassable after a day or two of rain. In the sector between Hill 52 to the south and Shachaofeng to the north, the most pronounced eminences were Chiangchunfeng and the humps of Changkufeng. Rocky peaks were characteristically shaped like inverted T's, which meant many dead angles against the crests. The gentle slopes would allow tanks to move but would restrict their speed, as would the ponds and marshes. In general, the terrain was treeless and afforded little cover against aircraft. Against ground observation or fire, corn fields and tall miscanthus grass could provide some shielding. Between Chiangchunfeng and the Tumen, which would have to serve as the main route of Japanese supply, the terrain was particularly sandy and hilly. This rendered foot movement difficult but would reduce the effectiveness of enemy bombs and shells. The high ground east of Khasan afforded bases for fire support directed against the Changkufeng region. Plains characterized the rest of the area on the Soviet side, but occasional streams and swamps could interfere with movement of tanks and trucks. The only towns or villages were Novokievsk, Posyet, Yangomudy, and Khansi. At Kozando there were a dozen houses; at Paksikori, a few. The right bank was farmed mainly by Koreans, whose scattered cottages might have some value for billeting but offered none for cover. On the left bank, the largest hamlets were Fangchuanting, with a population of 480 dwelling in 73 huts, and Yangkuanping, where there were 39 cottages. Shachaofeng was uninhabited. Japanese occupation of Changkufeng would enable observation of the plain stretching east from Posyet Bay, although intelligence made no mention of Soviet naval bases, submarine pens, or airstrips in the immediate area of Posyet, either in existence or being built in 1938. As Inada knew, the Japanese Navy judged that Posyet Bay might have another use, as a site for Japanese landing operations in the event of war. In Russian hands, the high ground would endanger the Korean railway. This line, which started from Najin in northeastern Korea, linked up with the vital system in Manchuria at the town of Tumen and provided a short cut, if not a lifeline, between Japan and the Kwantung Army and Manchuria from across the Sea of Japan. Even from relatively low Changkufeng, six or seven miles of track were exposed to Soviet observation between Hongui and Shikai stations. The port of Najin, with its fortress zone, lay 11 miles southwest; Unggi lay even nearer. It was not the danger of Japanese shelling of Vladivostok, at an incredible range of 80 miles that was at stake but the more realistic hypothesis of Russian shelling of the rail line, and Russian screening of the Soviet side of the border. Hills and questions were thought to have two sides. It was the consensus of Japanese that Changkufeng Hill's potential value to the Russians far outweighed its possible benefits to them, or at least that the Japanese had more to lose if the Russians took the high ground by the Tumen. Inada nurtured few illusions concerning the intrinsic value of the heights. Despite the fact that the high command always had good reasons for quiescence in the north, Inada believed that the latest border difficulty could not be overlooked. By mid-July 1938 Inada's thoughts crystallized. The Japanese would conduct a limited reconnaissance in force known as iryoku teisatsu in the strategic sense. Whereas, at the tactical schoolbook level, this might mean the dispatch of small forces into enemy territory to seek local combat intelligence, at the Imperial General Headquarters level the concept was far more sweeping. There would also be useful evidence of mobilization and other buildup procedures. The affair at Changkufeng was merely a welcome coincidence, something started by the Russians but liable to Japanese exploration. Inada had no intention of seizing territory, of becoming involved in a war of attrition at a remote and minor spot, or of provoking hostilities against the USSR. The Russians would comprehend the nature of the problem, too. If they were interested in interfering seriously with the Japanese, there were numberless better locations to cause trouble along the Manchurian front; those were the places to watch. The cramped Changkufeng sector, described as "narrow like a cat's brow," could too readily be pinched off from Hunchun to render it of strategic value to either side. The bog land to the north interfered with the use of armored forces, while artillery sited on the heights along the Tumen in Korea could as easily control the area as batteries emplaced east of the lake. It was Inada's professional opinion that the Russians could commit three or four infantry divisions there at most, with no mechanized corps—no heavy tanks, in particular. No decisive battle could be waged, although, once the Russians became involved, they might have to cling to the hill out of a sense of honor. The military action would be meaningless even if the Japanese let the Russians have the heights. For their part, the Japanese would ostensibly be fighting to secure the boundary and to hold Changkufeng peak, beyond which they would not move a step onto Soviet soil. There would be no pursuit operations. Troop commitment would be limited to about one division without tank support. Japanese Air Force intervention would be forbidden. Matters would be directed entirely by Imperial General Headquarters working through the Korea Army chain of command and carried out by the local forces. Calm, clear, and dispassionate overall estimates and instructions would be based on materials available only in Tokyo. The command would not allow the Kwantung Army to touch the affair. Inada foresaw that the Japanese government might also seek a settlement through diplomacy. Although border demarcation was desirable and should be sought, the command would not insist on it, nor would it demand permanent occupation of Changkufeng summit. As soon as reconnaissance objectives had been achieved, the local forces would be withdrawn. As Inada described it "In the process, we would have taught the Russians some respect and given them a lesson concerning their repeated, high-handed provocations and intrusions. If a show of force sufficed to facilitate the negotiations and cause the Russians to back down, so much the better; the affair would be over and my point proved." The instrument for carrying out Inada's strategic design appeared to be ideal, the 19th Division, strenuously trained and high-spirited. It could be expected to perform very well if unleashed within defined limits. Colonel Suetaka was just the commander to direct local operations. Since he had been pleading to fight in China, an operation at Changkufeng might prove to be an excellent "safety valve." His staff was full of experienced, fierce warriors eager for battle. Until recently, the Korea Army commanding general had wisely kept the aggressive division away from Changkufeng Hill, but now Imperial general headquarters had its own overriding ideas and needs. How could the Japanese ensure that any military action would remain limited if the Russians chose to respond with vigor? Naturally, one infantry division, without armor or air support, could not withstand all of the Soviet forces in the maritime province. Inada answered that the mission to be assigned the 19th Division was merely the recapture of Changkufeng crest. If the Japanese side had to break off the operation, evacuation would be effected voluntarily and resolutely on Imperial general headquarters responsibility, without considerations of "face." At worst, the Japanese might lose one division, but the affair would be terminated at the Tumen River without fail. "Even so, we ought to be able to prove our theory as well as demonstrate our true strength to the Russians." In case the Soviets opted for more than limited war, the Japanese were still not so overextended in China that they could not alter their strategic disposition of troops. Although the Kwantung Army's six divisions were outnumbered four to one and the Japanese were not desirous of a war at that moment, the first-class forces in Manchuria could make an excellent showing. In addition, the high command possessed armor, heavy artillery, fighters, and bombers, held in check in Manchuria and Korea, as well as reserves in the homeland. There was also the 104th Division, under tight Imperial general headquarters control, in strategic reserve in southern Manchuria. Inada recalled "How would the Russians react? That was the answer I sought. Victory in China depended on it." By mid-July, the high command, at Inada's urging, had worked out a plan titled, "Imperial General headqaurters Essentials for Dealing with the Changkufeng Incident." Tada's telegram of 14 July to Koiso described succinctly the just-decided policy: the central authorities concurred with the Korea Army's opinion regarding the Changkufeng affair, then in embryo. Considering that Changkufeng Hill posed a direct threat to the frontier of Korea, Imperial General headqaurters would immediately urge the foreign ministry to lodge a stern protest. Next day, Tojo sent a telegram stating the Japanese policy of employing diplomacy; whether the Russians should be evicted by force required cautious deliberation in case the USSR did not withdraw voluntarily. On the basis of the guidance received from Imperial General headqaurters, the Korea Army drew up its own plan, "Essentials for Local Direction of the Changkufeng Incident," on 15 July. Intelligence officer Tsuchiya Sakae was sent promptly to the front from Seoul. At the same time, military authorities allowed the press to release news that Soviet troops were constructing positions inside Manchurian territory in an "obvious provocation." The government of Manchukuo was demanding an immediate withdrawal. Even then, those Japanese most closely connected with the handling of the Changkufeng Incident were not in agreement that everybody at command level was as ardent a proponent of reconnaissance in force as Inada claimed to be. Some thought that most, if not all, of his subordinates, youthful and vigorous, were in favor of the notion; others denied the existence of such an idea. Inada remained clear-cut in his own assertions. Everything done by the local Soviet forces, he insisted, must have been effected with the permission of Moscow; it was customary for the USSR not to abandon what it had once started. The Japanese Army never really thought that the Soviet Union would withdraw just as the result of diplomatic approaches. Therefore, from the outset, preparations were made to deal the Russians one decisive blow. Inada had recommended his plan, with its clear restrictions, to his colleagues and superiors; the scheme, he says, was approved 14 July "all the way up the chain of command, through the Army general staff and the ministry of war, with unexpected ease." The only real opposition, Inada recalled, came from the navy, whose staff advised the army operations staff, in all sincerity, to give up the idea of strategic reconnaissance. Inada adhered to his opinion stubbornly. He never forgot the grave look on the face of Captain Kusaka, the UN operations section chief, as the latter gave in reluctantly. The navy view was that the Changkufeng affair typified the army's aggressive policies as opposed to relative passivity on the part of the navy. Like Kusaka, Japanese Navy interviewees shared the fear that Changkufeng might prove to be the most dangerous military confrontation ever to occur between the USSR and Japan. In view of navy objections, one wonders where Inada could have drawn support for his concept of reconnaissance in force. If one accepts the comments contained in a letter from a navy ministry captain, Takagi Sokichi, to Baron Harada Kumao at the beginning of August, in the army and in a portion of the navy there existed "shallow-minded fellows who are apt to take a firm stand in the blind belief that the USSR would not really rise against us, neglecting the fact that the Russians had foreseen our weak points." Takagi also had violent things to say about "white-livered" Gaimusho elements that were playing up to the army. Although Takagi's remarks, expressed in confidence, were sharp, cautious injunctions were being delivered by the high command to the new Korea Army commander, General Nakamura Kotaro, who was about to leave for Seoul to replace Koiso. Nakamura's attitude was crucial for the course and outcome of the Changkufeng Incident. More of a desk soldier than a warrior, he characteristic ally displayed a wariness that was reinforced by the guidance provided him. This personal quality assumes even greater significance if one believes that the Russians may have initiated the Changkufeng Incident by exploiting the special opportunities afforded them by the routine replacement of the Korea Army commander, the temporary absence from Moscow of Ambassador Shigemitsu Mamoru, and the geographical as well as subjective gap between the Kwantung and Korea armies that was exposed during the Lyushkov affair. At 10:00 on 15 July Nakamura was designated army commander by the Emperor at the palace. Soon afterward, he was briefed by Imperial General headquarters officers. Hashimoto, the operations bureau chief, recalled that when he saw Nakamura off on 17 July, Hashimoto stressed prudence, limitation of any military action, and diplomatic solution of the problem. The new commanding general, Inada asserted, promised full cooperation. There was no mention, at this level, of Inada's concept of reconnaissance in force. When Nakamura reached Seoul, he found an Imperial order from Tokyo dated 16 July awaiting him. This important document stipulated that he could concentrate units under his command in Korea near the border against the trespassing Soviet forces in the Changkufeng area. Resort to force, however, was dependent upon further orders. This message was followed by a wire from Kan'in, the Army general staff chief. The Imperial order, it was explained, had been designed to support diplomatic negotiations. Simultaneous approval was granted for concentrating forces to respond swiftly in case the situation deteriorated. As for implementation of the Imperial order, discretion should be exercised in line with the opinion expressed earlier by Korea Army Headquarters. Negotiations were to be conducted in Moscow and Harbin, the location of a Soviet consulate in Manchukuo. Meanwhile, the command was dispatching two officers for purposes of liaison: Lt. Colonel Arisue Yadoru in Operations and Major Kotani Etsuo a specialist in Soviet intelligence. Inada advised Arisue that, apart from liaison flights inside the frontiers, particular care should be exercised with regard to actions that might lead to air combat. Nevertheless, although Inada stated that the Imperial order called for "a sort of military demonstration," he admitted that it meant preparatory action for an attack. The Korea Army senior staff officer, Iwasaki, recalled hearing nothing about secret intentions. Nakamura briefed his staff about the need for restraint, especially during this key period of the Wuhan operation. Koiso had disposed of speculation that he had issued an order to concentrate the 19th Division before Nakamura arrived, although he and Nakamura did have the opportunity to confer in Seoul before he departed for Japan. The Imperial order of 16 July, in response to Koiso's inquiry received in Tokyo on 14 July, had arrived in Seoul addressed to Nakamura; thereupon, the Korea Army chief of staff, Kitano, had the message conveyed to the division. By 21 July Koiso was back in Tokyo where, the day afterward, he advised the war minister, Itagaki, "to act prudently with respect to the Changkufeng problem." Why did the high command dispatch two field-grade liaison officers to Korea from the outset of the Changkufeng Incident? The Korea Army lacked operations staff. Its commander had been allotted prime responsibility, within the chain of command, for defense of northeastern Korea. At the beginning, the highest-ranking staff officer at the front was a major. Since there were no fundamental differences of opinion between the command and the forces in Korea, it was proper to send experts from Tokyo to assist. Imperial General headqaurters would observe the situation carefully, devise measures on the basis of the overall view, and issue orders which the Korea Army would implement through ordinary channels. It had not been the type of incident which required the army commander to go to the front to direct. This was the Korea Army's first test, and political as well as diplomatic problems were involved that the army in the field should not or could not handle. If Tokyo had left decisions to the division and its regiments, the latter would have been held to account, which was not proper. Imperial General headquarters had to assume responsibility and reassure local commanders of its full support. Imaoka Yutaka explained that operational guidance by Imperial General headquarters and line operations conducted by the 19th Division formed the core of the affair; the Korea Army, placed between, was "shadowy." Koiso had not been enthusiastic; this set the mood among the staff. Nakamura, who arrived with a thorough comprehension of AGS thinking, was basically passive. The Korea Army staff, in general, included no "wild boars."    There was an urgent need to monitor developments. Not only was the Korea Army unfamiliar with handling this type of incident, but many hitches occurred. There had been no practice in emergency transmission of coded wires between the Korea Army and Tokyo. Now telegram after telegram had to be sent; most were deciphered incorrectly and many were not decoded at all. Another problem centered on the lack of knowledge in Tokyo about the situation on the spot, which only visual observation could rectify. As a result, the two Army general staff experts, Arisue and Kotani, arrived in Korea on 16 July. Kotani recalled that he was to collect intelligence and assist the local authorities. One of the first duties that he and Arisue performed was to disseminate the principle that use of force required a prior Imperial order. Also on 16 July, Japanese newspapers reported that the USSR was still concentrating troops, that the Manchukuoan government was watching intently, "decisive punitive measures" were being contemplated by the Japanese-Manchukuoan authorities, and there were signs of a worsening of the crisis. Despite good reasons for this gloomy appraisal, the Japanese press had not yet given the incident page-one treatment. More alarming news was being disseminated abroad. Domei, the official Japanese news agency, reported that the situation would probably become worse unless Soviet troops were withdrawn. The position of the Japanese government impressed foreign correspondents as unusually firm. Informants characterized the Changkufeng Incident as the most serious affair since the clash on the Amur River in 1937. Irked by the Korea Army's timidity and eager for first-hand information, the Kwantung Army dispatched two observers to the front: from Intelligence, Ogoshi Kenji, and from Operations, Tsuji Masanobu. If you listen to my pacific war week by week podcast or echoes of war, you know I highlight Tsuji Masanobu as one of the most evil Japanese officers of WW2. No other way to describe this guy, he was a shithead. In his memoirs, Tsuji asserted that he and Ogoshi climbed Changkufeng Hill, discerned Soviet soldiers digging across the peak in Manchurian territory, and concluded that "probably even Tokyo could not overlook such a clear-cut case of invasion." Although his account aligned with the general thrust, Ogoshi contended that Tsuji could not have accompanied him. According to sources with the 19th Division, when Koiso learned that Tsuji and Ogoshi were disparaging the Korea Army's ability to defend Changkufeng, he ordered "those spies" ousted. Ogoshi replied that the army staff was not angry, but Koiso did become furious and ordered Ogoshi "arrested for trespassing." Ogoshi surmised that Koiso's concern was that emotional outsiders such as Tsuji could provoke trouble, perhaps even war, if they visited Changkufeng. This view was widely shared. Inada stated that he made a practice of keeping away to maintain the degree of detachment and impartiality required of high command authorities. One sidelight to the "fraternal" visit to the Changkufeng area by observers from Hsinking was provided by Lt. Colonel Katakura Tadashi, chief of the Kwantung Army's 4th Section, which handled Manchukuo affairs, primarily political direction. When Katakura visited the Operations Section, Tsuji and Ogoshi told him that an intrusion had been confirmed and that the Kwantung Army staff was studying ways to evict the Soviets. Katakura consulted Maj. General Ishiwara Kanji, acting chief of staff, who was already in possession of the draft of an operations order calling for offensive preparations by the Kwantung Army against the Russians at Changkufeng. Katakura asked for reconsideration of the order. This was not a matter to be handled solely by the operations staff. Borders and international affairs were involved; hence the 4th Section, along with the Manchukuoan government, the Gaimusho, and other agencies, were concerned. Field observers were expressing exaggerated personal opinions based on having seen Soviet sentries on a hilltop. If the matter fell within the Korea Army's defensive prerogative, that army ought to handle it. Apparently the Kwantung Army commander and Ishiwara agreed with Katakura, for the draft order was not approved. The so-called private message dispatched by a Kwantung Army staff officer just before Koiso's departure may have been provoked by this rejection of direct participation by forces under Kwantung Army command. Staff officers in Tokyo believed that Hsinking could not see the forest for the trees. In the high command's view, the Kwantung Army's deliberate escalation of a negligible frontier incident undoubtedly stemmed from a failure to grasp the strategic requirements of national defense—pursuit of the campaign in China, the nurturance of Manchukuo, and the buildup of operational readiness for the ultimate solution of the Soviet problem. The high command felt obliged to remind the Kwantung Army that, in dealing with the Changkufeng Incident, the central authorities pressed for a Russian pullback through diplomacy. Consequently, the Korea Army had been instructed to be ready to concentrate troops near Changkufeng as a "background." Meanwhile, it remained the Imperial will that utmost prudence be exercised. The Kwantung Army commander accordingly issued cautious instructions to subordinate units, especially those on the eastern border. The high command's injunctions did not end the discontent and recrimination at the lower levels of Kwantung Army Headquarters, nor did they quiet the concern felt in Tokyo. A former war minister told Baron Harada repeatedly in late July that the Kwantung Army was "no good," while the superintendent of police added that the Kwantung Army was embarrassing Foreign Minister Ugaki. Nevertheless, the Kwantung Army did exert self-restraint. For its part, the Korea Army naïvely sought to achieve entente with an antagonist who considered the case nonnegotiable. First, the government of Manchukuo was asked to lodge a formal protest with the USSR. The commissioner for foreign affairs at Harbin phoned V. V. Kuznetzov, the acting consul, on the night of 14 July and saw him on the 18th. Basing its contentions on maps, the Haensing regime demanded Soviet withdrawal from Changkufeng. The Japanese government was lodging similar protests within the framework of Japanese-Manchukuoan joint defense agreements. On the spot, the situation inflamed. During the afternoon of 15 July, a Japanese military police patrol from Korea reconnoitered at the foot of Hill 52, southeast of Changkufeng. The party came under Soviet gunfire and was driven back, abandoning the body of Corp. Matsushima Shakuni. Japanese sources claimed that a Russian ambush had been set inside Manchuria. The Russian side insisted that it was the Soviet frontier that had been violated by thirty meters. Kuzma Grebennik, the colonel commanding the 59th BGU, which covered the Posyet sector, asserted that Matsushima's effects included a notebook containing reconnaissance results and a camera with film of Soviet-claimed terrain, particularly Changkufeng Hill. According to Maj. Gilfan Batarshin, a subordinate of Grebennik, two Russian border guards from Podgornaya opened fire when the Japanese fled after being challenged. Japanese protests to the USSR about the death of Matsushima and the taking of his body were added to the negotiations concerning the disputed border and the alleged trespassing. Charge Nishi Haruhiko lodged a vigorous complaint in Moscow on 15 July but was answered by a counterprotest. Ambassador Shigemitsu underwent an identical experience during a conversation with Foreign Commissar Maxim Litvinov on 20 July. Shigemitsu retorted that the murder tended to exacerbate the negotiations. In his memoirs, he stated that the killing of Matsushima provoked the local Japanese border garrison unit. The shooting occurred as the Soviet military buildup continued, according to Japanese sources. Mechanized units were reported moving in the direction of Kyonghun from Barabash and Posyet Bay. Biplanes were reconnoitering the Hunchun Valley, within Manchurian territory, from the afternoon of 16 July. To the local Japanese authorities, it seemed that the Russians were adopting a challenging attitude. Although the Japanese-Manchukuoan side remained willing to negotiate—that is, to take no forceful actions if the Russians would withdraw, the latter appeared not to share such an intention. The Soviets were not only misinterpreting the Hunchun treaty to their advantage but were encroaching beyond what they claimed to be the line; they "lacked sincerity." Decisive use of force might have been imperative to secure the Manchurian border, which was Japan's legal responsibility. As far north as Tungning on the eastern Manchurian frontier, two Soviet ground divisions and considerable numbers of tanks and aircraft were reported massed in full view. At Changkufeng, Russian soldiers fortified the crest. Mountain guns were now seen with muzzles pointed toward Manchuria, and Japanese intelligence estimated that Soviet troop strength near Changkufeng had grown to 120 or 130 by the evening of 18 July. As Sawamoto Rikichiro, an Imperial aide, noted in his diary, "It would seem that settlement of the affair had become increasingly difficult." Korea Army staff officer Tsuchiya sent two emissaries bearing the notice to the Soviet border. The pair, "blazing with patriotic ardor,"set out on 18 July, carrying a message in one hand and a white flag in the other. From Kyonghun came the report the next day that there had been an urgent, well-attended Soviet staff meeting at BGU Headquarters in Novokievsk all night, and that the Russian side had been discomfited by the Japanese request, which had been transmitted to higher authorities. Still, the emissaries did not return, while a stream of reports indicated a Soviet buildup along a dozen frontier sectors. Russian authorities had reportedly forced the natives to evacuate an area twenty miles behind their borders. From Japanese observation posts, Soviet convoys of men, guns, and horses could be sighted moving toward Novokievsk after being unloaded from transports originating at Vladivostok. Japanese Army Intelligence reported that on 18 July a regimental-size force had arrived at Novokievsk; artillery displacements forward were particularly visible by night east of Khasan. A confidential Gaimusho message indicated that Soviet truck movements between Posyet, Novokievsk, and the front had increased since the 20th. Russian intrusions, kidnappings, and sniping incidents were reported along the Manchurian borders, from Manchouli on the west to Suifenho on the east, between 18 and 25 July. Aircraft on daytime reconnaissance were detected as far as three miles inside Manchurian territory in the Hunchun area. Although the Japanese asserted that their forbearance was being tested, Izvestiya charged "Japanese militarists" with manufacturing an affair at Ussuri as well as at Changkufeng. The Japanese themselves received reports from the Changkufeng front that by 20 July the Soviets had 250 soldiers, armed with field pieces, trench mortars, howitzers, and light and heavy machine guns, on the southern slopes. The Russians were putting up tents capable of holding 40 men each; officers could be observed for the first time. On the evening of the 20th, the Soviets lobbed illuminating shells toward Manchurian territory. I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. Inada Masazum, studying maps and mud, saw Changkufeng Hill as a prize with peril, a test of nerve rather than a conquest. Tokyo's orders pulsed through Seoul and Harbin: guard, probe, and deter, but avoid full-scale war. Across the border, Soviet units pressed closer, lights and tents flickering on the hillside. The sea within sight whispered of strategy, diplomacy, and a warning: a single misstep could redraw Asia. And so the standoff waited, patient as winter.

In this episode of the Crux True Survival Story Podcast, hosts Kaycee McIntosh and Julie Henningsen recount the gripping survival story of Alec Luhn, a 38-year-old climate journalist, who endured six days stranded on a remote Norwegian mountain. After a catastrophic fall left him with a broken femur, fractured pelvis, and multiple fractured vertebrae, Luhn faced treacherous weather conditions and severe dehydration. Despite insurmountable odds, his relentless will to live and eventual rescue by the Norwegian Red Cross highlight an incredible tale of human endurance, love, and the extreme measures taken to make it home. Join us as we explore the crucial moments that dictated Luhn's fate and the lessons learned from this incredible true story. 00:00 Introduction to Case Knives 00:33 Welcome to the Crux True Survival Story Podcast 00:57 Alec Loon's Harrowing Tale Begins 02:47 Alec Loon: The Experienced Adventurer 05:07 The Treacherous Terrain of Ful Gana National Park 08:46 Alec's First Mistake: The Broken Boot 10:57 The Catastrophic Fall 12:47 Stranded and Injured: Alec's Fight for Survival 14:35 The Struggle for Water and Shelter 19:42 The Crushing Solitude 20:26 Family as a Beacon of Hope 21:09 Hallucinations and Helicopters 22:55 The Rescue Mission 25:17 Medical Breakdown of Survival 29:33 Lessons and Reflections 35:18 A New Lease on Life 38:39 Final Thoughts and Gratitude Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Devotion : Coming Down the Mountain / Luke 9:37-45 by Community Lutheran Church

"The Book of Belonging: The Mountain of God" (11-16-2025) - Rev. Carla Aday

11-14-25 Hinkle Law Offices Top Five - Lobo Cross Country sweeps the NCAA Mountain Regional Championship

Ben Maller talks about Aaron Rodgers looking old in a loss against the Chargers on SNF, the lack of support for the Chargers in their home stadium, Brian Daboll getting fired as New York Giants coach, Maller's Mountain of Money: Warren G Edition, and more!See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Missionary Evangelist and Pastor Robert Breaker talks about the Seven Mountain Mandate, something Charlie Kirk supported.

In this episode, the Ski Moms are joined by Julie Gacnik, co-founder of Pure Mountain Fun and mom of four who turned her family's ski day frustrations into a thriving business. A former university administrator who learned to ski in Iowa, Julie's journey began when her 10-year-old daughter invented a 3.5-ounce ski carrier for a school project. After strangers at Beaver Creek asked where they could buy it, the family launched Pure Mountain Fun in March 2020, just one week before the ski industry shut down.Julie shares how the COVID pandemic actually helped them build their business, giving time to figure out domestic manufacturing and navigate virtual trade shows. All four children remain actively involved, from choosing product colors to inventing new items like the ski mat and ring toss made from remnant fabric. The family's commitment became clear when they turned down an offer to sell the business after the kids insisted they wanted to maintain control over their story.The episode concludes with their après ski traditions: chips and salsa, root beer for the youngest, and blowing bubbles that freeze in the mountain air while watching "Foxana" the fox visit their condo patio.Quotes:"The ski pack is a 3 1/2 ounce ski carrier designed to fit like a backpack, but also intuitive enough that a little child such as a three year old understands how to carry it.""If the kids have fun, if the memories are left on the mountain and not in the parking lot from a negative experience, they had a positive experience on the mountain."Links:Pure Mountain Fun: PureMountainFun.com Special OParticipating destinations include:

Special episode! We grab a few tasty Rainier beers with the creators of Rainier: A Beer Odyssey. Issac Olsen, director, Robby Peterson, producer, and Justin Peterson, producer, sit down with the DSLD crew to discuss their fascinating film chronicling Rainier's iconic advertising. We chat about their challenges in making the movie, incredible memorabilia they uncovered in researching the film, and teases about upcoming projects. And what better place to relive Rainier Beer history than The Bar at the R, The Mountain Room bar located in the historic Rainier brewery building. Recorded live at The Mountain Room on 09/24/2025. More info about the Rainier: A Beer Odyssey movie (with cool merch!): https://www.rainierbeermovie.com/ Follow the Dim Lights & Stiff Drinks podcast on Facebook (DLandSD), Twitter/X (@divebarsseattle), YouTube, and Instagram (seattle_dive_bar_podcast). Share, like, follow, smash, and subscribe! Check out the Dim Lights & Stiff Drinks podcast website (dimlightspodcast.com) for more details and additional episodes. And head over to our Patreon page (dim_lights_stiff_drinks) to help fund the shenanigans.Support this show http://supporter.acast.com/dim-lights-stiff-drinks. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This week, we speak with Tobias Jach (Relationship Manager at Bergos) about the business behind Swiss mountain railways. What makes them so uniquely successful? We explore the key ingredients of a model that continues to thrive.DISCLAIMER This publication is for information- and marketing purposes only. The provided information is not legally binding and neither constitutes a financial analysis, nor an offer for investment-transactions or an investment advice and does not substitute any legal, tax or financial advice. Bergos AG does not accept any liability for the accuracy, correctness or completeness of the information. Bergos AG excludes any liability for the realisation of forecasts or other statements contained in the publication. The reproduction in part or in full without prior written permission of Bergos is not permitted.

What obvious joke? 0:00 – I’m no longer posting on Twitter. Find me at Bluesky (link below) 0:50 – Anther year, another wildly successful Extra Life marathon! 7:57 – San Diego Gas & Electric sent me a survey. It was poorly written and I told them so. 15:18 – I work in the education system. ...Continue reading ‘Molehill Mountain Episode 420 – Random Internet Man Shares Very Important Opinions’ »

Today we find out about Ischgl in Tirol, plus we learning about the new ‘Clean Miles' campaign from Protect Our Winters. Host Iain Martin was joined by Cat Ainsworth, CEO at Protect Our Winters UK, and three-time Winter Olympian and Ischgl resident, Marco Ladner.  --------- Tirol in Austria sponsors The Ski Podcast, which means this winter we're are finding out more about some of the great destinations in Tirol, and how you can connect with the Austrian way of life: ‘Lebensgefühl' – that you'll find there. --------- SHOW NOTES Cat skied in Valle Nevado in Chile and Ushuaia in Patagonia (1:30) Marco had an early opportunity to ski in Ischgl (2:30) Val Thorens will open on 22 Nov, followed by Les 2 Alpes, Val d'Isere, Zermatt and Ischgl the following weekend (4:00) Luca Carrick-Smith will make his World Cup debut at Levi in Finland (4:15) https://x.com/skipedia/status/1987897332348957133 Marco took part in the half-pipe at Sochi 2014, Pyeongchang 2018 and Beijing 2022 (5:00) Listen to Iain's interview with Zoe Atkin (8:00) Ischgl is located in the west of Tirol (8:30) You can travel by train from Zurich to Landeck (9:00) Ischgl is located at 1400m going up to 2800m (09:30) Ischgl opens and closes each winter with a MASSIVE concert (10:00) Take a look at acts who've played at the Top of the Mountain concerts previously (11:30) Rita Ora is playing the opening of Ischgl this year (12:30) The ski area (13:15) Who does Ischgl suit? (13:45) This winter there are three new lifts (14:45) What's it like for families? (15:30) Find out about Lego winter fun (16:00) Marco recommends a classic ‘Kaiserschmarrn' (18:00) Ischgl is very famous for after ski (18:30) The Silvretta Therme is a fantastic wellness centre (19:00) What is the role of Protect Our Winters  (20:30) Cat is a BASI qualified ski instructor (24:30) Find out about the POW ‘Clean Miles' campaign (25:45) Sign the POW ‘Clean Miles' petition (27:30) Iain set up Ski Flight Free in 2019 (28:45) Watch some of the POW Mobility videos  Feedback (30:00) You can leave a comment on Spotify, Instagram or Facebook – our handle is @theskipodcast – or drop an email to theskipodcast@gmail.com  You can also follow us on WhatsApp for exclusive material released ahead of the podcast. Look in the Show Notes for that link. Leon Butler: “I have such a soft spot for the whole of the Tirol, but Wilder Kaiser [Episode 262] is stunning.” Stan: "Love the podcast, it's a great way to stay connected to the world of skiing between my annual holiday trips, in particular the kit reviews with Al Morgan and stories like Bladon Lines." There is so much in our back catalog: just go to theskipodcast.com, have a search around the tags and categories and you're bound to find something you'll find interesting about our wonderful world of skiing and snowboarding.  If you'd like to help the podcast, there are three things you can do:  -          you can follow us, or subscribe, so you never miss an episode -          you can give us a review on Apple Podcasts or leave a comment on Spotify -          And, if you're booking ski hire this winter, don't forget that you can get an additional discount if you use the code ‘SKIPODCAST' when you book at intersportrent.com or simply take this link for your discount to be automatically applied

Today Ken and Alex chat with Vladimir Nikitin and Gavin Wilkie, and they talk favorite foods, what the players do in down time, family and trivia!

A special episode for you today, we had a great conversation with Brian Murray of Dogs in a Pile, and Bill Taylor of Music on the Mountain and The Phoenix Presents. You may know about their annual event in NYC, but they have 2 events coming up. The first is 12/12 in NYC with Brian Murray and Jimmy Law of Dogs in a Pile (748 Manhattan Avenue, Brooklyn), and one on 12/14 with the Pedrito Martinez Group (Danny Clinch's Transparent Clinch Gallery, Asbury Park). See you next week! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The New Apostolic Reformation is a dangerous deception masquerading as revival, elevating human leaders and experiences above the authority of Scripture and leading many astray from true biblical faith.   Want to Understand and Explain Everything Biblically?  Click Here: Decoding the Power of Three: Understand and Explain Everything or go to www.rightonu.com and click learn more.  Thank you for Listening to Right on Radio. Prayerfully consider supporting Right on Radio. Click Here for all links, Right on Community ROC, Podcast web links, Freebies, Products (healing mushrooms, EMP Protection) Social media, courses and more... https://linktr.ee/RightonRadio Live Right in the Real World! We talk God and Politics, Faith Based Broadcast News, views, Opinions and Attitudes We are Your News Now. Keep the Faith

King of the Mountain. Maggie's night out at the club. Did this year prove that Travis Hunter can't be a two-way player?

This week's mixtape rewind takes us back to 2023 when Matt and Sam put together a mix for the Women's World Cup.The whistle blew, the bracket shifted, and the story changed—so we built a soundtrack that changes with it. Our U‑S‑A chant mix isn't about pretending the loss didn't happen; it's about finding the spark that keeps fans singing and players pushing. We start with Haim's “Up From A Dream,” that hazy snap from comfort to clarity, and bolt into Metric's “Stadium Love,” where the guitars do what three thousand supporters do best: raise the pulse. Christina Aguilera's “Accelerate” adds a gear shift, proof that sometimes a team wins by changing rhythm, not volume.From there, the narrative widens. ABBA's “Under Attack” becomes an uncanny match diary—defense breaking, composure tested—while Rihanna's “SOS” turns pressure into propulsion with an infectious, Tainted Love‑tinted bassline. Lady Gaga's “A‑Yo” brings a confetti‑ready burst for the winners' circle, even as Drake, Santigold, and Lil Wayne lay down “Unstoppable,” a mantra for imperfect excellence and work that shows. Adele's “Set Fire to the Rain” gives the heartbreak an edge, the chip on the shoulder you carry into training, and Queen's “Another One Bites the Dust” delivers the ruthless truth of knockout play with a bassline built for swagger.We close on perspective and poise. Regina Spektor's “Up to the Mountain” models match management—hurry when it's on, slow when it isn't—before Gang Starr's “She Knows What She Wants” salutes the women who set the standard and chase the crown. Heavy Heavy's “All My Dreams” sends us out in a warm, retro glow, reminding us that every champion started as a dreamer. If your team fell short, hit play and regroup; if your team advanced, turn it up and celebrate. Subscribe, share with a fellow fan, and leave a review to help more listeners find their next match‑day anthem.Up From A Dream by HAIMStadium Love by MetricAccelerate (feat. Ty Dolla $ign & 2 Chainz) by Christina AguileraUnder Attack by ABBASOS by RihannaA-YO by Lady GagaUnstoppable (feat. Santigold & Lil Wayne) by DrakeSet Fire to the Rain by AdeleAnother One Bites the Dust by QueenUp The Mountain by Regina SpektorShe Knows What She Wants by Gang StarrAll My Dreams by The Heavy Heavy Support the showVisit us at https://www.superawesomemix.com to learn more about our app, our merchandise, our cards, and more!

Toninho Horta, el autor de nuestra sintonía, actúa este domingo 16 de noviembre en Madrid (Café Central) al frente de un cuarteto y lo celebramos escuchando sus grabaciones de 'Pica pau', 'Lullaby of Birdland' y 'Once I loved' -en trío con Gary Peacock y Billy Higgins-, 'Aqui, oh', 'Prato feito '-con Pat Metheny, 'Manuel o audaz' -con Lô Borges y Pat Metheny-, 'Mountain flight', 'Pilar'', 'Durango kid', 'Bons amigos' y 'Magical trumpets'. Escuchar audio

If your inbox has been quiet and the phone hasn't rung in weeks, you're not alone. Every interior designer hits a dry spell at some point. But if it's been months and zero new projects, this episode is your wake-up call. Sign up for my FREE workshop: Double your referrals: 3 Simple Steps to get partners that refer clients 24/7, 12/3, 12pm Easternhttps://elevateinnercircle.com/double-your-referrals I share what's really going on when leads disappear, and it's not just the economy. (Although yes, cycles are real!) Whether you've been relying on the phone to “just ring,” or you've lost touch with your past clients and trade partners, this episode will help you course-correct, without panicking.You'll learn:Why the freeze-panic-flail cycle keeps repeating in your businessThe 3 groups of people who are most likely to refer your next projectWhat to say when reconnecting (without sounding salesy or desperate)My 4-step H.O.M.E. Follow-Up Formula to rebuild trust and spark opportunityNew Workshop coming Wednesday, December 3rd 12pm Eastern (11am Central/10am Mountain/9am Pacific)Double your REFERRALS: 3 Simple Steps to get partners that refer clients 24/7Grab your seat here!https://elevateinnercircle.com/double-your-referralsApplications now open for the Luxury Client Academy. Apply here https://www.luxuryclientacademy.com

#659: If you have time, how about this for a very short episode description:Imagine that you're at the absolute peak of your career. You're the CEO of a prominent advertising company at the age of 36, but you feel like you're driving in the wrong lane. It's wrong.Then you make a hard career pivot and it works out beautifully.My guests today know exactly what that's like. We're joined by James Patterson, the author who has sold more than 425 million copies of his books. He has co-authored books with President Clinton, Dolly Parton, and now his latest co-author is Dr. Patrick Leddin, who also joins us to talk about disruption. Timestamps: Note: Timestamps will vary on individual listening devices based on dynamic advertising run times. The provided timestamps are approximate and may be several minutes off due to changing ad lengths. (0:00) Defining disruption versus gradual change (5:20) Positive disruption mindset and overcoming fear (8:12) Process for uncovering personal passions (10:25) Patterson disrupts publishing with six books per year (13:45) Research reveals 16 disruptive behaviors (16:30) Academia embracing different voices and perspectives (21:00) Mountain climber story shows gradual disruption (24:14) Framework for navigating career transitions (28:19) Limiting beliefs and psychological barriers (30:55) Being open to change versus stability (35:00) Taking ownership of disruptive choices (41:00) Mission versus purpose distinction (46:37) Advice for embracing positive disruption Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

(0:00) Nico Harrison fired by Mavericks, Eagles beat Packers (26:14) No Bills reunion for Brian Daboll, Can the Bengals win the AFC North? (43:20) Bucs missing “Killer Instinct” according to Baker Mayfield (48:02) Mahomes Mountain (01:06:12) Should Micah Parsons be concerned?  (01:21:41) Brou's MVP Ballot  (01:28:00) Danny's Top 10, Bigger statement for Eagles or Packers?  (01:51:56) Can Joe Burrow save the Bengals' season? (02:01:20) He Said, We Said (02:10:11) Best moments from Week 10 Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

This episode continues our coverage of the Ozark Mountain Bigfoot Conference, recorded live in October 2025. In this session, we feature David Zigan's presentation on professionalism and evidence standards in Bigfoot research—but not before the audience gets a dose of laughter and behind-the-scenes fun from Ryan “RPG”, who kicks things off with twenty minutes of hilarious stories from his time working on Finding Bigfoot.Once the laughter fades, David takes the stage to deliver a fascinating and insightful talk on how rigorous documentation, forensic protocols, and transparent methodology can elevate Bigfoot research to a new level of credibility. Drawing from his experience as a crime scene investigator, David explains how applying professional investigative practices—like maintaining field journals, photographing tracks from multiple angles, and preserving evidence correctly—can help bridge the gap between curiosity and scientific acceptance.With humor, honesty, and a deep respect for the subject, this presentation highlights why raising standards in Bigfoot research is essential for moving the field forward. Whether you're a seasoned investigator or simply fascinated by the legend, this session offers both practical tools and thought-provoking perspective.Get Our FREE NewsletterGet Brian's Books Leave Us A VoicemailVisit Our WebsiteSupport Our SponsorsBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/sasquatch-odyssey--4839697/support.

Drift away to the serene sounds of a cascading waterfall deep in nature. For two tranquil hours, the steady rush of water creates a soothing atmosphere that melts away tension and clears the mind. Ideal for sleep, meditation, or focused study, this natural soundscape surrounds you with the calming energy of flowing water and the quiet whispers of the forest beyond.Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/asmr-rain-recordings--5347561/support.Lose the AD intros by becoming a subscriber!https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/asmr-rain-recordings--5347561/support

Sudan's Kordofan in grip of increasing killings and destruction, warns UN rights chief Türk   Gaza: UN aid agencies report fuel boost despite delivery obstacles  Mountain vipers and Galapagos iguanas in rare company at key CITES wildlife talks  

This week's episode looks at La Cigaupa, a beautiful howling woman with backward facing feet who is found in the mountains in Dominican folklore. She is often treated as a dangerous siren figure, but her origin story is surprisingly different. We explore the question--is she a colonizer's myth? 

Kimberly Carlson Aesara joins the Exchange to discuss her latest book.

We're back with the second Alaskan-story-filled episode! This time, we'll take you from Fairbanks to the Arctic Circle to Wiseman (population eleven) to Denali to Anchorage as we wrap up a true life-changing adventure.Did Jyl continue to dissociate? Obviously. From a flight in a tuna can to a tour of a sustainer's home to a horse that keeled over mid-tour, there were plenty of opportunities to tag out.But, there was so much joy!Denali Jeep excursions showed us an inside view of Denali...including THE MOUNTAIN!Black Diamond excursions treated us to an old school covered-wagon ride with Roy Kent himself!Alaskan Railroad's glass-top train ride from Denali to Anchorage? Unreal.Listen along while dreaming of your own adventure, which I'll be happy to plan for you (wink, wink).Our Nonsor for this episode is ⁠Holland America Cruise Line⁠! Fine, I'll say it: Holland America (and its sister line, Princess) has earned all the accolades on Alaskan adventure travel.***Can't get enough of us? Well, you're one of the very few.Get to know us! ⁠⁠⁠Jyl Barlow⁠⁠⁠ has all things Jyl! Also, it's pronounced, “jill.”⁠⁠⁠Which Way's Up⁠⁠⁠ is Jyl's blog, home of weekly epiphanies and often overshares⁠⁠⁠What to Expect When You Weren't Expecting⁠⁠⁠ is Jyl's best-selling memoir about her hilarious struggles as a (step)mother. Buy it online at Amazon, Barnes & Noble, Goodreads, and Target!⁠⁠⁠Kathy Crowley⁠⁠⁠'s Thought for the Day (accessorized with a favorite timepiece and signature scent) can be found on⁠ ⁠Instagram⁠⁠. Watch videos of all our Nonsor products on⁠ ⁠⁠YouTube⁠⁠⁠ or⁠⁠ ⁠TikTok⁠⁠⁠!Whine & Wine is part of Bearlow Productions and is created Jyl Barlow and Kathy Crowley.

We're back in Branson for Show Two in our Ozark Mountain Christmas series with our guests Brad Thomas from Silver Dollar City, Kristy Adams from The Mansion Theatre, and Pam Critchfield and Monna Stafford with the latest from Back In Time Toys Too along with Branson Ticket & Travel. This is the second of five shows in the Ozark Mountain Christmas series.

How to support the show: 1. Tell a homie 2. ⁠⁠Subscribe to Unrestricted⁠⁠: Weekly Extra Episodes, Behind the Scenes, Exclusive Giveaways, Private Forum & More 3. ⁠⁠Discount Codes:⁠⁠ Save money on your purchase, and help grow DOPE AS USUAL at the same time Thank you for watching! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Devon O'Neil is a journalist, author, and longtime friend of mine whose new book "The Way Out: A True Story of Survival in the Heart of the Rockies" is one of the best pieces of outdoor nonfiction I've read in years. The book tells the harrowing true story of a backcountry ski trip near Leadville, Colorado, that turned tragic—and the years-long process of understanding what really happened, and how a mountain town wrestled with loss, resilience, and the complicated relationship we all have with risk and wild places. It's gripping, deeply reported, and beautifully written—equal parts survival epic, community portrait, and meditation on how we find meaning in the aftermath of tragedy. Devon has spent more than two decades as a writer and reporter based in Summit County, Colorado, covering everything from adventure sports and avalanches to the cultural and emotional undercurrents of life in mountain towns. Before turning his attention to this book project, he worked in newspapers, wrote for Outside, Men's Journal, and ESPN.com, and somehow managed to balance all of that with being a hardcore athlete and a dedicated dad and husband. He's one of those rare writers whose empathy and endurance match the people that he writes about. In this conversation, Devon and I dig into the story behind "The Way Out"—how he first heard about the tragedy, earned the trust of a close-knit community, and spent years piecing together a complete and compassionate account. We talk about the ethical tightrope of telling other people's hardest stories, how his own brushes with danger shaped his perspective on risk, and what this project taught him about the fine line between adventure and recklessness. We also get into his childhood growing up on a sailboat in the Virgin Islands, his evolution as a journalist and athlete, and the hard-earned wisdom that comes from spending a lifetime chasing stories in the mountains. "The Way Out" is available now wherever you get your books, so follow the links in the episode notes to grab your copy. Big thanks to Devon for the chat, and thank you for listening. Enjoy! --- Devon O'Neil "The Way Out" by Devon O'Neil Full episode notes and links: https://mountainandprairie.com/devon-oneil/ --- TOPICS DISCUSSED: 2:23 – Intro and finding The Way Out story 6:59 – Making people comfortable 11:10 – The story in Devon's words 16:29 – Mountain town people 20:48 – Lifestyle overlaps 24:20 – Devon's own accidents 30:10 – It's all great until someone gets hurt 33:03 – The bonds of risk 35:18 – Adjustments 39:22 – Growing up on islands 43:43 – How Devon got to Colorado 47:34 – Pros and cons of different types of writing 51:22 – Book writing advice 55:42 – Not just about getting it right 1:00:09 – Book and writer recs --- ABOUT MOUNTAIN & PRAIRIE: Mountain & Prairie - All Episodes Mountain & Prairie Shop Mountain & Prairie on Instagram Upcoming Events About Ed Roberson Support Mountain & Prairie Leave a Review on Apple Podcasts

Big Ben talks about Jordan Love and the Packers continuing to disappoint in a loss to the Eagles on MNF, Brian Daboll finally getting fired by the Giants, Maller to the Third Degree, Maller's Mountain of Money: Warren G Edition, and much more!See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Ben Maller talks about Joe Burrow returning to the practice field amid calls for him to be shut down for the season, why in the world the Browns would even consider playing Deshaun Watson, Brian Kelly being unwilling to give LSU a deal on the buyout, Maller's Mountain of Money: Warren G Edition, and more!See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Today we're talking with Nick Ryan, the Trails Coordinator for the Copper Harbor Trail Club in Michigan's Upper Peninsula. Copper Harbor has been on mountain bikers' radars for years, both for its remote location and its incredible trail quali. With some exciting new projects underway and a lot of lessons learned over the years, we get up to speed on Copper Harbor with Nick.An automated transcript will be available at Singletracks.com later today.Follow Singletracks on Instagram ⁠⁠@singletracks⁠⁠ to keep up with the latest mountain bike news.

In episode 149 Cath was joined by Suzy Reading. Cath and Suzy talked about tending to ourselves in winter, making the most of the seasons while holding onto sanity, people pleasing, what Suzy means when she talks about being selfish and all about self advocacy. Suzy talks about her 7 steps to taking back your power and peace and you can find much more detail about this in Suzy's newest book 'How to be Selfish' which releases on the 20th of November 2025.Suzy Reading is a Chartered Psychologist and one of the UK's leading self-care and self-advocacy experts. She has three decades of experience in the health and wellbeing industry, drawing on her qualifications in yoga and personal training, together with psychology, to empower people with sustainable healthy lifestyle habits. Suzy has a special interest in helping people heal their relationship with ‘self'. She is a monthly columnist for Top Sante Magazine; the Psychology Expert for Neom Organics; the Wellbeing Ambassador for BABTAC and is a founding member of the ‘Nourish' app. She is the author of The Little Book of Self-Care, The Self-Care Revolution, Stand Tall Like a Mountain, Self-care for Tough Times, This Book Will (Help) Make You Happy, And Breathe, Sit to Get Fit, Rest to Reset and Self-care for Winter. How to Be Selfish is hot of the press.If you wish to follow Suzy, she's on Instagram @suzyreadingIf you're enjoying this podcast. Please leave a review and rate the podcast, this really helps others to find it.To sign up for the journal prompts and Nurture.Heal.Grow (on Substack) please head to www.cathcounihan.com or @cathcounihan on Instagram. Follow Cath on social media here:Instagram: @cathcounihanSubstack: Nurture.Heal.GrowFacebook: Cath Counihan Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

A Vietnam veteran shares one of the rarest firsthand encounters ever recorded — a true story that connects two worlds: Bigfoot in Georgia and the legendary Rock Apes of Vietnam.In this exclusive interview with Bigfoot Society host Jeremiah Byron, Joe recounts his eerie encounter deep in a Georgia swamp and the chilling moments in the jungles of Vietnam when soldiers came face to face with something they called rock apes.Hear what it was like to see the impossible — from silent footsteps in the swamp to apes throwing rocks on Monkey Mountain. This conversation bridges folklore, warfare, and mystery in a way few stories ever have.

In this episode, we listen to a list of impediments to trysting, as depicted in Sangam Literary work, Aganaanooru 122, penned by Paranar. Set amidst the hooting owls and crowing roosters of the 'Kurinji' or 'Mountain landscape', the verse presents the problems in the present and subtly nudges a change of course.

Prices are climbing, timelines are tight, and yet the urge to wander hasn't gone anywhere. We're leaning into a smarter kind of escape—one built around intention, calm, and real connection. In this conversation, we map the standout travel shifts taking shape for 2026 and show how to turn them into rewarding, realistic plans you can actually look forward to.We start with wellness redefined: digital detox retreats, silent stays, and remote escapes that restore attention instead of draining it. From there, we dig into why-cations—the practice of choosing destinations and days around a personal purpose. Mountain getaways enter the spotlight, offering quiet trails, fresh air, and cozy cabins in every season. If crowds drain you, we explain how off-peak adventuring unlocks value and authenticity in places like winter Denmark, autumn Japan, and summertime safaris without the chaos.For travelers craving depth, slow travel is the move: longer stays of three to four weeks that swap checklists for rhythm. Soon-to-be retirees use this model to test-drive future homes, while curious travelers use it to sink into daily life. We also spotlight the revival of rail, from South Africa's Blue Train to the Orient Express and India's Deccan Odyssey—rolling hotels that remove friction and add romance. Solo travel keeps rising, especially among women who “bookend” group or work trips with a few independent days to build confidence and savor me-time. And for families, generational travel is having a moment, bringing grandparents, adult children, and kids together to make new memories in nostalgic places.You'll leave with practical ways to align your budget with your why, choose the right season for the experience you want, and experiment with solo days or luxury rail without overcomplicating logistics. If these ideas spark your next plan, follow along, share this with a friend who needs a travel nudge, and leave a quick review so others can find the show. Your next great trip starts with a clear purpose—where will yours take you?Want to do a Wellness Cruise? Come sail away on Amawaterways Europeon River Cruise on the Danube River in August 2026email me for details and to place your $400 deposit hello@cherylbeckesch.comSign up for the FREE Virtual Travel Summit:https://thetravelcoachnetwork.mykajabi.com/travel-coach-virtual-summit-2025Support the showhttps://www.cherylbeckesch.com hello@cherylbeckesch.com Instagram @solotraveladventures50

THE DOOMED AND STONED SHOW ~Season 11, Episode 8~ Brand new episode of the show revealing some of our favorite discoveries from the September 2025 edition of the Doom Charts. Almost 4 hours of talk 'n' heavy rock with Billy Goate, John Gist, and Bucky Brown. PLAYLIST: INTRO (00:00) The Vintage Caravan - "Riot" (00:31) HOST SEGMENT I (04:49) Supercollider - "Inhumanity" (35:13) Naevus - "My Fire" (40:04) Dusted Angel - "Death Crushes Hope" (45:39) HOST SEGMENT II (52:01) Coltaine - "Keep Me Down in the Deep" (1:12:18) Spidergawd - "Revolution" (1:18:09) Faetooth - "Iron Gate" (1:22:06) HOST SEGMENT III (1:26:07) Insomniac - "Mountain" (2:00:16) Elder - "Dream State Return" (2:07:38) Black Moon Cult - "Supernova" (2:13:03) Carson - "Only For The Scorned" (2:18:15) Appalooza - "Emperor" (2:24:09) HOST SEGMENT IV (2:30:23) Cosmic Reaper - "Parasites" (3:12:25) Stoned Jesus - "Low" (3:16:45) Castle Rat - "Serpent" (3:20:54) Slomatics - "Phantom Castle Warning" (3:24:15) Warcoe - "Octagon" (3:27:44) OUTRO (3:31:24) BONUS TRACKS: Pink Fuzz - "Trigger" (3:32:32) Fish Hook Smile - "Flashback" (3:36:53) Grusom - 'Shadow Crawler" (3:41:34)

Len Testa and Jim Hill continue No Negative November with a look at Zootopia's new 4D adventure, listener trip-planning wisdom, and the surprising book that inspired Disneyland's first mountain. NEWS Zootopia: Better Zoo-gether debuts at Animal Kingdom — The Tree of Life theater gets a major refresh with a new story, water gags, and a charming Benjamin Clawhauser animatronic. Holiday highlights return — Tree of Life Awakenings now plays nightly thanks to early sunsets, and the beloved Merry Menagerie puppet experience returns November 14. Storytime with Santa Deadpool — A holiday twist hits Avengers Campus, complete with meta Christmas jokes and Greek Orthodox canon accuracy. Listener questions answered — From the best Bay Lake Tower villas for New Year's Eve fireworks to whether it's time for Tables in Wonderland to return. Disney's shrinking parades — Why the Festival of Fantasy looks lighter on dancers and floats—and how Disney's still managing two parades a day at Magic Kingdom. FEATURE The Making of the Matterhorn — Jim shares the wild story of how a 1950s family film led Walt Disney to send a postcard from Switzerland that simply said: “Build this.” How Banner in the Sky and Third Man on the Mountain inspired Walt's alpine obsession. Why the Matterhorn nearly became a luge-style attraction (yes, really). The creative legacy of director Ken Annakin, whose films also led to Swiss Family Treehouse and Sleeping Beauty Castle. Full show notes available here: Show Notes HostsJim Hill — X/Twitter: @JimHillMedia | Instagram: @JimHillMedia | Website: jimhillmedia.comLen Testa — BlueSky: @lentesta.bsky.social | Instagram: @len.testa | Website: touringplans.com Support the Show Love what we do? Support The Disney Dish on Patreon for exclusive bonus shows and early access: patreon.com/jimhillmedia Follow Us Facebook: @JimHillMediaNews | YouTube: @jimhillmedia | TikTok: @jimhillmedia Produced by Edited by Dave Grey Produced by Eric Hersey — Strong Minded Agency Sponsor This episode is brought to you by Unlocked Magic, powered by DVC Rental Store. Save up to 10% on Disney park and event tickets, including Mickey's Very Merry Christmas Party and Jollywood Nights — only at unlockedmagic.com. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Len Testa and Jim Hill continue No Negative November with a look at Zootopia's new 4D adventure, listener trip-planning wisdom, and the surprising book that inspired Disneyland's first mountain. NEWS Zootopia: Better Zoo-gether debuts at Animal Kingdom — The Tree of Life theater gets a major refresh with a new story, water gags, and a charming Benjamin Clawhauser animatronic. Holiday highlights return — Tree of Life Awakenings now plays nightly thanks to early sunsets, and the beloved Merry Menagerie puppet experience returns November 14. Storytime with Santa Deadpool — A holiday twist hits Avengers Campus, complete with meta Christmas jokes and Greek Orthodox canon accuracy. Listener questions answered — From the best Bay Lake Tower villas for New Year's Eve fireworks to whether it's time for Tables in Wonderland to return. Disney's shrinking parades — Why the Festival of Fantasy looks lighter on dancers and floats—and how Disney's still managing two parades a day at Magic Kingdom. FEATURE The Making of the Matterhorn — Jim shares the wild story of how a 1950s family film led Walt Disney to send a postcard from Switzerland that simply said: “Build this.” How Banner in the Sky and Third Man on the Mountain inspired Walt's alpine obsession. Why the Matterhorn nearly became a luge-style attraction (yes, really). The creative legacy of director Ken Annakin, whose films also led to Swiss Family Treehouse and Sleeping Beauty Castle. Full show notes available here: Show Notes HostsJim Hill — X/Twitter: @JimHillMedia | Instagram: @JimHillMedia | Website: jimhillmedia.comLen Testa — BlueSky: @lentesta.bsky.social | Instagram: @len.testa | Website: touringplans.com Support the Show Love what we do? Support The Disney Dish on Patreon for exclusive bonus shows and early access: patreon.com/jimhillmedia Follow Us Facebook: @JimHillMediaNews | YouTube: @jimhillmedia | TikTok: @jimhillmedia Produced by Edited by Dave Grey Produced by Eric Hersey — Strong Minded Agency Sponsor This episode is brought to you by Unlocked Magic, powered by DVC Rental Store. Save up to 10% on Disney park and event tickets, including Mickey's Very Merry Christmas Party and Jollywood Nights — only at unlockedmagic.com. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

WhoWes Kryger, President and Ayden Wilbur, Vice President of Mountain Operations at Greek Peak, New YorkRecorded onJune 30, 2025About Greek PeakClick here for a mountain stats overviewOwned by: John MeierLocated in: Cortland, New YorkYear founded: 1957 – opened Jan. 11, 1958Pass affiliations: Indy Pass, Indy+ Pass – 2 daysClosest neighboring U.S. ski areas: Labrador (:30), Song (:31)Base elevation: 1,148 feetSummit elevation: 2,100 feetVertical drop: 952 feetSkiable acres: 300Average annual snowfall: 120 inchesTrail count: 46 (10 easier, 16 more difficult, 15 most difficult, 5 expert, 4 terrain parks)Lift count: 8 (1 fixed-grip quad, 2 triples, 3 doubles – view Lift Blog's inventory of Greek Peak's lift fleet)Why I interviewed themNo reason not to just reprint what I wrote about the bump earlier this year:All anyone wants from a family ski trip is this: not too far, not too crowded, not too expensive, not too steep, not too small, not too Bro-y. Terrain variety and ample grooming and lots of snow, preferably from the sky. Onsite lodging and onsite food that doesn't taste like it emerged from the ration box of a war that ended 75 years ago. A humane access road and lots of parking. Ordered liftlines and easy ticket pickup and a big lodge to meet up and hang out in. We're not too picky you see but all that would be ideal.My standard answer to anyone from NYC making such an inquiry has been “hahaha yeah get on a plane and go out West.” But only if you purchased lift tickets 10 to 16 months in advance of your vacation. Otherwise you could settle a family of four on Mars for less than the cost of a six-day trip to Colorado. But after MLK Weekend, I have a new answer for picky non-picky New Yorkers: just go to Greek Peak.Though I'd skied here in the past and am well-versed on all ski centers within a six-hour drive of Manhattan, it had not been obvious to me that Greek Peak was so ideally situated for a FamSki. Perhaps because I'd been in Solo Dad tree-skiing mode on previous visits and perhaps because the old trailmap presented the ski area in a vertical fortress motif aligned with its mythological trail-naming scheme:But here is how we experienced the place on one of the busiest weekends of the year:1. No lines to pick up tickets. Just these folks standing around in jackets, producing an RFID card from some clandestine pouch and syncing it to the QR code on my phone.2. Nothing resembling a serious liftline outside of the somewhat chaotic Visions “express” (a carpet-loaded fixed-grip quad). Double and triple chairs, scattered at odd spots and shooting off in all directions, effectively dispersing skiers across a broad multi-faced ridge. The highlight being this double chair originally commissioned by Socrates in 407 B.C.:3. Best of all: endless, wide-open, uncrowded top-to-bottom true greens – the only sort of run that my entire family can ski both stress-free and together.Those runs ambled for a thousand vertical feet. The Hope Lake Lodge, complete with waterpark and good restaurant, sits directly across the street. A shuttle runs back and forth all day long. Greek Peak, while deeper inland than many Great Lakes-adjacent ski areas, pulls steady lake-effect, meaning glades everywhere (albeit thinly covered). It snowed almost the entire weekend, sometimes heavily. Greek Peak's updated trailmap better reflects its orientation as a snowy family funhouse (though it somewhat obscures the mountain's ever-improving status as a destination for Glade Bro):For MLK 2024, we had visited Camelback, seeking the same slopeside-hotel-with-waterpark-decent-food-family-skiing combo. But it kinda sucked. The rooms, tinted with an Ikea-by-the-Susquehanna energy, were half the size of those at Greek Peak and had cost three times more. Our first room could have doubled as the smoking pen at a public airport (we requested, and received, another). The hill was half-open and overrun with people who seemed to look up and be genuinely surprised to find themselves strapped to snoskis. Mandatory parking fees even with a $600-a-night room; mandatory $7-per-night, per-skier ski check (which I dodged); and perhaps the worst liftline management I've ever witnessed had, among many other factors, added up to “let's look for something better next year.”That something was Greek Peak, though the alternative only occurred to me when I attended an industry event at the resort in September and re-considered its physical plant undistracted by ski-day chaos. Really, this will never be a true alternative for most NYC skiers – at four hours from Manhattan, Greek Peak is the same distance as far larger Stratton or Mount Snow. I like both of those mountains, but I know which one I'm driving my family to when our only time to ski together is the same time that everyone else has to ski together.What we talked about116,000 skier visits; two GP trails getting snowmaking for the first time; top-to-bottom greens; Greek Peak's family founding in the 1950s – “any time you told my dad [Al Kryger] he couldn't do it, he would do it just to prove you wrong”; reminiscing on vintage Greek Peak; why Greek Peak made it when similar ski areas like Scotch Valley went bust; the importance of having “hardcore skiers” run a ski area; does the interstate matter?; the unique dynamics of working in – and continuing – a family business; the saga and long-term impact of building a full resort hotel across the street from the ski area; “a ski area is liking running a small municipality”; why the family sold the ski area more than half a century after its founding; staying on at the family business when it's no longer a family business; John Meier arrives; why Greek Peak sold Toggenburg; long-term snowmaking ambitions; potential terrain expansion – where and how much; “having more than one good ski season in a row would be helpful” in planning a future expansion; how Greek Peak modernized its snowmaking system and cut its snowmaking hours in half while making more snow; five times more snowguns; Great Lakes lake-effect snow; Greek Peak's growing glade network and long evolution from a no-jumps-allowed old-school operation to today's more freewheeling environment; potential lift upgrades; why Greek Peak is unlikely to ever have a high-speed lift; keeping a circa 1960s lift made by an obscure company running; why Greek Peak replaced an old double with a used triple on Chair 3 a few years ago; deciding to renovate or replace a lift; how the Visions 1A quad changed Greek Peak and where a similar lift could make sense; why Greek Peak shortened Chair 2; and the power of Indy Pass for small, independent ski areas.What I got wrongOn Scotch Valley ski areaI said that Scotch Valley went out of business “in the late ‘90s.” As far as I can tell, the ski area's last year of operation was 1998. At its peak, the 750-vertical-foot ski area ran a triple chair and two doubles serving a typical quirky-fun New York trail network. I'm sorry I missed skiing this one. Interestingly, the triple chair still appears to operate as part of a summer camp. I wish they would also run a winter camp called “we're re-opening this ski area”:On ToggenburgI paraphrased a quote from Greek Peak owner John Meier, from a story I wrote around the 2021 closing of Toggenburg. Here's the quote in full:“Skiing doesn't have to happen in New York State,” Meier said. “It takes an entrepreneur, it takes a business investor. You gotta want to do it, and you're not going to make a lot of money doing it. You're going to wonder why are you doing this? It's a very difficult business in general. It's very capital-intensive business. There's a lot easier ways to make a buck. This is a labor of love for me.”And here's the full story, which lays out the full Togg saga:Podcast NotesOn Hope Lake Lodge and New York's lack of slopeside lodgingI've complained about this endlessly, but it's strange and counter-environmental that New York's two largest ski areas offer no slopeside lodging. This is the same oddball logic at work in the Pacific Northwest, which stridently and reflexively opposes ski area-adjacent development in the name of preservation without acknowledging the ripple effects of moving 5,000 day skiers up to the mountain each winter morning. Unfortunately Gore and Whiteface are on Forever Wild land that would require an amendment to the state constitution to develop, and that process is beholden to idealistic downstate voters who like the notion of preservation enough to vote abstractly against development, but not enough to favor Whiteface over Sugarbush when it's time to book a family ski trip and they need convenient lodging. Which leaves us with smaller mountains that can more readily develop slopeside buildings: Holiday Valley and Hunter are perhaps the most built-up, but West Mountain has a monster development grinding through local permitting processes: Greek Peak built the brilliant Hope Lake Lodge, a sprawling hotel/waterpark with wood-trimmed, fireplace-appointed rooms directly across the street from the ski area. A shuttle connects the two.On the “really, really bad” 2015 seasonWilbur referred to the “really, really bad” 2015 season. Here's the Kottke end-of-season stats comparing 2015-16 snowfall to the previous three winters, where you can see the Northeast just collapse into an abyss:Month-by-month (also from Kottke):Fast forward to Kottke's 2022-23 report, and you can see just how terrible 2015-16 was in terms of skier visits compared to the seasons immediately before and after:On Greek Peak's old masterplan with a chair 6I couldn't turn up the masterplan that Kryger referred to with a Chair 6 on it, but the trailmap did tease a potential expansion from around 2006 to 2012, labelled as “Greek Peak East”:On Great Lakes lake-effect snow This is maybe the best representation I've found of the Great Lakes' lake-effect snowbands:On Greek Peak's Lift 2What a joy this thing is to ride:An absolute time machine:The lift, built in 1963, looks rattletrap and bootleg, but it hums right along. It is the second-oldest operating chairlift in New York State, after Snow Ridge's 1960 North Hall double chair, and the fourth-oldest in the Northeast (Mad River Glen's single, dating to 1948, is King Gramps of the East Coast). It's one of the 20-oldest operating chairlifts in America:As Wilbur says, this lift once ran all the way to the base. They shortened the lift sometime between 1995 and '97 to scrape out a larger base-area novice zone. Greek Peak's circa 1995 trailmap shows the lift extending to its original load position:Following Pico's demolition of the Bonanza double this offseason, Greek Peak's Chair 2 is one of just three remaining Carlevaro-Savio lifts spinning in the United States:The Storm explores the world of lift-served skiing year-round. Join us. Get full access to The Storm Skiing Journal and Podcast at www.stormskiing.com/subscribe

He might have accomplished it, too, but he lost friends when he tried to claim water rights to Bull Run, and when his primary investors went bankrupt in a bank panic, he was forced to give up the scheme and leave town. (Portland, Multnomah County; 1900s) (For text and pictures, see https://offbeatoregon.com/1502d.lafe-pence-guild-lake-scheme.327.html)

Big Ben talks about the Buffalo Bills defeating the Kansas City Chiefs in the regular season yet again and why it doesn't mean much, the Cardinals upsetting the Dallas Cowboys, Maller's Mountain of Money: Matthew McConaughey Edition, and more!See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Dark Side of the Mountain /// Part 2 /// 883Part 2 of 2  www.TrueCrimeGarage.comTwo men - each possibly grappling with his own version of a mid-life crisis - vanish 10 months apart from the same, tiny town in the Colorado Rockies under eerily similar circumstances. In September of 1987, a 47-year-old man and his faithful dog vanished from the near-ghost town of Silver Plume, Colorado. Months later in August 1988 another man, staring down the barrel of 50 years of age, retraced the missing man's steps to investigate the mystery - and he too - disappeared. This is the true story of Tom Young who went missing on the dark side of the mountain, and too the story of Keith Reinhard who may have vanished forever.  Beer of the Week - Wanderlust IPA by Breakside BreweryGarage Grade - 4 and a half bottle caps out of 5 More True Crime Garage can be found on Patreon and Apple subscriptions with our show - Off The Record.  Catch dozens of episodes of Off The Record plus a couple of Bonus episodes and our first 50 when you sign up today.  True Crime Garage merchandise is available on our website's store page. Follow the show on X and Insta @TrueCrimeGarage / Follow Nic on X @TCGNIC / Follow The Captain on X @TCGCaptain  Thanks for listening and thanks for telling a friend.  Be good, be kind, and don't litter!  Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Dark Side of the Mountain /// Part 1 /// 882Part 1 of 2  www.TrueCrimeGarage.comTwo men - each possibly grappling with his own version of a mid-life crisis - vanish 10 months apart from the same, tiny town in the Colorado Rockies under eerily similar circumstances. In September of 1987, a 47-year-old man and his faithful dog vanished from the near-ghost town of Silver Plume, Colorado. Months later in August 1988 another man, staring down the barrel of 50 years of age, retraced the missing man's steps to investigate the mystery - and he too - disappeared. This is the true story of Tom Young who went missing on the dark side of the mountain, and too the story of Keith Reinhard who may have vanished forever.  Beer of the Week - Wanderlust IPA by Breakside BreweryGarage Grade - 4 and a half bottle caps out of 5 More True Crime Garage can be found on Patreon and Apple subscriptions with our show - Off The Record.  Catch dozens of episodes of Off The Record plus a couple of Bonus episodes and our first 50 when you sign up today.  True Crime Garage merchandise is available on our website's store page. Follow the show on X and Insta @TrueCrimeGarage / Follow Nic on X @TCGNIC / Follow The Captain on X @TCGCaptain  Thanks for listening and thanks for telling a friend.  Be good, be kind, and don't litter!  Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.