Podcasts about gns science

On the second anniversary of Cyclone Gabrielle, GNS Science principal scientist and friend of the show Graham Leonard joins Mihi to talk about landslides. 

NIWA has recently released their annual climate summary for 2024, which shows that last year was New Zealand's tenth warmest year on record. Of the top ten warmest years on record, eight of these have occurred in the past twelve years. The report shows that these rising temperatures, which are in line with global trends, are largely due to climate change caused by humans. As well as this, this comes as Copernicus, ECMWF, and NASA are expected to release their annual climate summary, which is expected to show that 2024 was the Earth's warmest year on record. News and Editorial Director, and Monday Wire Host, Joel, spoke to Principal Scientist at GNS Science, Dr Nick Cradock-Henry, about this report, and what this report means for 2025. They started off by asking him about the rapidness in temperatures seen in the report in prior years.

This week on the Monday Wire... News and Editorial Director, and Monday Wire Host, Joel, speaks to Principal Scientist at GNS Science, Dr Nick Cradock-Henry, about NIWA's annual climate summary, showing that 2024 was the 10th warmest year on record in Aotearoa. They also speak to the Co-Director and Senior Research Fellow for the Centre of Pacific & Global Health at the University of Auckland, Dr Roannie Ng Shiu, about a report she was involved in in December, showing that vulnerable Pacific nations will be facing a multitude of devastating consequences due to the climate crisis. Producer Evie speaks to the Director of Global Studies at the University of Auckland, Chris Ogden, about what we can expect from Donald Trump's inauguration, one week out from him taking office. She also speaks to Climate Justice Taranaki's Catherine Cheung about the government's controversial Regulatory Standards Bill. And finally, Global Innovator, Matt Hart, joins us in studio to discuss the concept of new year resolutions. Whakarongo mai!

NIWA has recently released their annual climate summary for 2024, which shows that last year was New Zealand's tenth warmest year on record. Of the top ten warmest years on record, eight of these have occurred in the past twelve years. The report shows that these rising temperatures, which are in line with global trends, are largely due to climate change caused by humans. As well as this, this comes as Copernicus, ECMWF, and NASA are expected to release their annual climate summary, which is expected to show that 2024 was the Earth's warmest year on record. News and Editorial Director, and Monday Wire Host, Joel, spoke to Principal Scientist at GNS Science, Dr Nick Cradock-Henry, about this report, and what this report means for 2025. They started off by asking him about the rapidness in temperatures seen in the report in prior years.

This week on the Monday Wire... News and Editorial Director, and Monday Wire Host, Joel, speaks to Principal Scientist at GNS Science, Dr Nick Cradock-Henry, about NIWA's annual climate summary, showing that 2024 was the 10th warmest year on record in Aotearoa. They also speak to the Co-Director and Senior Research Fellow for the Centre of Pacific & Global Health at the University of Auckland, Dr Roannie Ng Shiu, about a report she was involved in in December, showing that vulnerable Pacific nations will be facing a multitude of devastating consequences due to the climate crisis. Producer Evie speaks to the Director of Global Studies at the University of Auckland, Chris Ogden, about what we can expect from Donald Trump's inauguration, one week out from him taking office. She also speaks to Climate Justice Taranaki's Catherine Cheung about the government's controversial Regulatory Standards Bill. And finally, Global Innovator, Matt Hart, joins us in studio to discuss the concept of new year resolutions. Whakarongo mai!

While The Front Page is on summer break, we’re taking a look back at some of the biggest news stories and top-rated episodes from the podcast in 2024. Major earthquakes may not be a regular occurrence in New Zealand, but the threat of them is often in the back of our minds. With a major faultline running through the middle of the country, you only have to look to the events in Christchurch and Kaikoura to know the risk they pose. In May, new modelling was published that highlighted the impact a catastrophic quake could have on this country, including the threat of tsunamis, and how prepared we are for such an event. We spoke with Doctors Bilrtl Fry and Matt Gerstenberger from GNS Science to dig into the latest research on our seismic threats. New episodes return January 13th. Host: Chelsea Daniels Audio Engineers: Paddy Fox, Richard Martin Executive Producer: Ethan SillsSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The Government is exploring a potential game-changer for securing future energy supply. Up to $60 million from the Regional Infrastructure Fund has been ring-fenced for exploring supercritical geothermal technology. The first $5 million will be used for work in the Taupo Volcanic Zone, to help understand if it's a possibility. Geothermal wells are drilled to a maximum depth of 3.5 kilometres, but scientists believe by drilling deeper, more energy will be available. GNS Science lead Dr Isabelle Chambeforte told Ryan Bridge that temperatures reach around 330 degrees maximum in the normal geothermal systems, but by drilling a few kilometres deeper, they'll be able to access temperatures of around 450 degrees. She says those temperatures offer a lot more energy per well. LISTEN ABOVE See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Until now, geologists have been divided as to whether this superdeep, superhot resource can be tapped. Rock under high temperature and pressures - more than 373 degrees Celsius and 220 bars of pressure - is ductile, or gooey, as opposed to a smashable stone from your backyard.  So far, data shows that rock that fractures at superhot conditions can be ten times more permeable than rock that fractures at conditions closer to the Earth's surface, and can also deform more readily.  Scientists have found that in the Taupō Volcanic Zone, supercritical conditions are as shallow as 4 km, making it one of the rare places in the world where supercritical development is both accessible and technically feasible. So far, only Iceland, Japan, the United States and Kenya have successfully drilled superhot wells.  On today's Climate Connections, Sheena Thomas, Interim General Manager Research Strategy and Partnership from GNS Science shares her insights on the economic potential and viability of superhot geothermal in New Zealand, and why proper environmental impact studies and collaborations with local indigenous Maori communities are absolutely critical in ensuring minimal environmental impact. She's also a speaker at the Singapore International Energy Week this year. GNS Science is leading a multi-year research programme 'Geothermal: The Next Generation' - to investigate New Zealand's ‘supercritical' (high temperature/superhot) geothermal conditions and evaluating the economic opportunity for supercritical geothermal heat and electricity generation in New Zealand. Feature produced and edited by: Yeo Kai Ting (ykaiting@sph.com.sg)Voiced by: Audrey SiekPhoto credits: GNS ScienceMusic credits: pixabay & its talented community of contributorsSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Last week a hydrothermal explosion blew rock and steam into the air, destroyed a boardwalk and sent tourists running in the Yellowstone National Park. GNS Science principal scientist Graham Leonard joins Susie to chat about hydrothermal explosions and how they differ to volcanic eruptions.

Claire Concannon from RNZ podcast Our Changing World joins Nights to chat about some interesting stories in the science and science-adjacent worlds.

A 246-million-year-old fossil discovered in Canterbury has upended long-standing theories about how early sea-going reptiles dispersed around the globe.  Dr Hamish Campbell speaks to Mark.

Major earthquakes may not be a regular occurrence in New Zealand, but the threat of them is often in the back of our minds. With a major faultline running through the middle of the country, you only have to look to the events in Christchurch and Kaikoura to know the risk they pose. Now, new modelling has highlighted the impact a catastrophic quake could have on this country, and if we're prepared for what that means. Today on The Front Page, Dr Bill Fry and Dr Matt Gerstenberger from GNS Science discuss the latest research on our seismic threat. Follow The Front Page on iHeartRadio, Apple Podcasts, Spotify or wherever you get your podcasts. You can read more about this and other stories in the New Zealand Herald, online at nzherald.co.nz, or tune in to news bulletins across the NZME network. Host: Chelsea DanielsSound Engineer: Paddy FoxProducer: Ethan Sills  See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

On Our Changing World today, Claire Concannon learns about the Beneath the Waves research programme. It's led by GNS Science and aims to understand more about the two island volcanoes in the Bay of Plenty - Whakaari and Tuhua. As well as mapping the anatomy of the volcanoes, the team are also looking back into their eruptive past to learn about the risks they might pose in the future.

It's hoped a new GNS Science lab can crack open the door to cheaper green hydrogen production 

New Zealand's volcanoes are world renowned, and most Kiwis are familiar with our big ones such as Ruapehu, Taranaki and Tarawera. But what about our lesser talked about volcanoes? GNS Science principal scientist Graham Leonard joins Susie to chat about some of the volcanic areas around the country that people are less familiar with - from Northland's periodically active field to volcanoes buried in the Canterbury plains gravels.

GNS Science modeller John Burnell wants greenhouse growers to consider using low-temperature geothermal heat instead of natural gas for heat.

The sentencing judge held back tears, as Whakaari victims gave their impact statements in court today. Five companies and GNS Science are being sentenced for health and safety failings in the lead up to the eruption, which claimed the lives of 22 people. Today, the court heard from more family members who lost loved ones in the eruption. Reporter Lucy Xia reports.

A magnitude 5.1 earthquake struck Canterbury Monday night. Four thousand people reportedly felt the quake, which was centred 30 kilometres west of Methven. GNS Science seismologist Dr Jonathan Hanson spoke to Ingrid Hipkiss.

Research into what causes Dunedin's groundwater levels to change could help prevent flooding in the city. GNS Science and the Otago Regional Council released a report this morning showing that as the sea level rises, groundwater can flood parts of Dunedin from below, before there is any inundation directly from the sea. Dunedin City Council says the findings will help it deal with the threat of flooding in low-lying South Dunedin. South Dunedin Future project manager Jonathan Rowe spoke with Ingrid Hipkiss.

Scientists involved in an ambitious attempt to drill deep into the rock below the West Antarctic Ice Sheet say their efforts got "tantalising close", and they will try again in November. The international team of experts melted a hole through the 580-metre-thick Ross Ice Shelf in a bid to retrieve ancient sediment from the last time Earth was at hot as it will become in the next few decades. They say this will reveal clues about how the ice sheet behaved then, and how quickly it might disintegrate now. But they fell just short of their goal, drilling for sediment samples 200 metres below the ocean floor. Richard Levy of GNS Science and Victoria University led the team on the ice. Levy spoke to Corin Dann.

Overseas research has found seismic signals provided clues of a looming quake well before the destructive earthquake that struck Turkey this year - and may improve our ability to forecast future quakes. Scientists found the unique signals were detected up to eight months out from the 7.8 quake in February that caused widespread damage in southern Turkey and Syria, and claimed tens of thousands of lives. GNS Science seismologist Dr Matt Gerstenberger spoke to Morning Report.

Dans une étude publiée dans la revue Science Advance, des scientifiques de Lithium Americas Corporation, de GNS Science et de l'université d'État de l'Oregon affirment avoir découvert le plus grand gisement de lithium au monde à l'intérieur d'un très vieux volcan éteint aux États-Unis. Ce dernier aurait explosé il y a environ 16 millions d'années, formant une importante quantité de ce métal rare à l'intérieur de sa roche volcanique.Selon l'équipe de volcanologues et de géologues, ce supervolcan nommé Caldeira de McDermitt, situé à la frontière du Nevada et de l'Oregon, contiendrait plus de 100 millions de tonnes de lithium. De quoi répondre à la demande mondiale de batteries pendant des décennies, mais aussi perturber la dynamique des prix et de l'offre de lithium à l'échelle planétaire. Les batteries lithium-ion sont connues aujourd'hui pour alimenter un très grand nombre d'appareils, des smartphones aux véhicules électriques. Mais les grandes quantités de lithium nécessaires à leur production ont entraîné une réelle "ruée vers le lithium", selon les chercheurs.Les prévisions actuelles indiquent qu'il faudra environ 1 million de tonnes de lithium pour répondre à la demande mondiale d'ici 2040, soit huit fois plus que la production mondiale totale de l'année passée. D'après les calculs des experts, le Caldeira de McDermitt pourrait contenir jusqu'à 120 millions de tonnes de lithium, ce qui la rendrait douze fois plus importante que la quantité de lithium contenue dans les salines de Bolivie, qui étaient auparavant considérées comme le plus grand gisement de lithium sur Terre. Je cite l'étude, les ressources de lithium sédimentaires volcaniques sont susceptibles de répondre à cette exigence, car il s'agit généralement de gisements peu profonds, à fort tonnage et à faible rapport déchets/masse de minerai » fin de citation. Ainsi, l'exploitation minière de ce supervolcan pourrait, selon eux, commencer dès 2026. Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Dans une étude publiée dans la revue Science Advance, des scientifiques de Lithium Americas Corporation, de GNS Science et de l'université d'État de l'Oregon affirment avoir découvert le plus grand gisement de lithium au monde à l'intérieur d'un très vieux volcan éteint aux États-Unis. Ce dernier aurait explosé il y a environ 16 millions d'années, formant une importante quantité de ce métal rare à l'intérieur de sa roche volcanique. Selon l'équipe de volcanologues et de géologues, ce supervolcan nommé Caldeira de McDermitt, situé à la frontière du Nevada et de l'Oregon, contiendrait plus de 100 millions de tonnes de lithium. De quoi répondre à la demande mondiale de batteries pendant des décennies, mais aussi perturber la dynamique des prix et de l'offre de lithium à l'échelle planétaire. Les batteries lithium-ion sont connues aujourd'hui pour alimenter un très grand nombre d'appareils, des smartphones aux véhicules électriques. Mais les grandes quantités de lithium nécessaires à leur production ont entraîné une réelle "ruée vers le lithium", selon les chercheurs. Les prévisions actuelles indiquent qu'il faudra environ 1 million de tonnes de lithium pour répondre à la demande mondiale d'ici 2040, soit huit fois plus que la production mondiale totale de l'année passée. D'après les calculs des experts, le Caldeira de McDermitt pourrait contenir jusqu'à 120 millions de tonnes de lithium, ce qui la rendrait douze fois plus importante que la quantité de lithium contenue dans les salines de Bolivie, qui étaient auparavant considérées comme le plus grand gisement de lithium sur Terre. Je cite l'étude, les ressources de lithium sédimentaires volcaniques sont susceptibles de répondre à cette exigence, car il s'agit généralement de gisements peu profonds, à fort tonnage et à faible rapport déchets/masse de minerai » fin de citation. Ainsi, l'exploitation minière de ce supervolcan pourrait, selon eux, commencer dès 2026. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

GNS Science recently visited Palmerston Primary School to deliver an exciting interactive earth science programme. Learn more here!

GNS Science says its seismic equipment is sometimes picking up false earthquakes, known as ghost quakes. Ghost quakes can occur when a distant earthquake is picked up and identified as several small closer earthquakes. Waves from a recent Kermadec earthquake were initially identified as two smaller quakes in New Zealand on Geonet's website, and later deleted. GNS Seismologist Elizabeth Abbot spoke to Ingrid Hipkiss.

Tonight's Guest WeatherBrain is a social scientist senior Hazard and Risk Management Researcher at GNS Science in New Zealand.  Dr. Sally Potter, welcome to the podcast.

Antarctic researchers are warning the increase in global temperatures are having a dire affect on one of the world's most fragile ecosystems. A UK-based study has found rising temperatures are affecting Antarctica's weather, sea ice, ocean heatwaves, and glacier and ice shelf systems and even marine and land biodiversity. Professor Nancy Bertler, Principal Scientist at GNS Science and Director of the Antarctic Science Platform, says Antarctica is changing at a pace that nobody anticipated. She spoke to Corin Dann.

Bernard Hickey drills down into the future of geothermal electricity production in this week's interview with Isabelle Chambefort from GNS Science. She's excited about the potential for deep drilling to uncover ‘supercritical' heat that supercharges geothermal power output, helping solve the dry year problem bedevilling or hydro dominated power system. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

O X da questão de hoje fala sobre a erupção do vulcão whakaari, que matou mais de 22 pessoas em dezembro de 2019. A agência de pesquisa de ciências da Terra chamada GNS Science, responsável pelo monitoramento de atividades sísmicas e vulcânicas na região, declarou atualmente ser culpada por não ter emitido um comunicado sobre o risco da erupção vulcânica.

The brother of a man who died after the tragic Whakaari/White Island eruption says a guilty plea by GNS Science means it's taking the rap for the failings of others. The Crown Research Institute this week pled guilty to charges related to multiple field trips its staff took to the island before the eruption, and the institute's failure in its duty to the helicopter pilots who were contractors. Mark Inman, brother of tour guide Hayden Marshall-Inman, says GNS Science is a scapegoat for Worksafe who failed to protect his brother. He spoke to Tim Watkin this morning.

Whakatāne hospital's acute mental health facility may have to close unless urgent work is carried out to keep patients safe in an earthquake. Board minutes from January reveal that GNS Science has given Te Whatu Ora new information about the location of fault lines in Whakatāne  On top of that, other minutes show a business case done on replacing the whole mental health facility, as promised by the government in 2020, was substandard and has to be done again. Phil Pennington spoke to Jane Patterson.  

Across cyclone hit areas the danger of severe landslides remains. GNS Science engineers are urgently assessing the ground in hard hit regions. GNS Science engineering geologist and landslide duty officer Kerry Leith spoke to Corin Dann.

A strong earthquake centred off the Kāpiti Coast last night has been upgraded to a magnitude 6-point-3. The long, strong quake hit around twenty to eight, 50 kilometres north-west of Paraparaumu and was felt by tens of thousands of people. Geonet says it felt long and strong for many people  Jen Andrews, the duty Seismologist at GNS Science, spoke to Kim Hill. 

GNS Science field teams have been documenting landslides across Auckland, Waikato and Bay of Plenty following the flooding last month.  They say identifying areas that are at risk of landslides is an important part of preparing the country for future severe weather events.  And with another big storm on the horizon, their surveying of potential risks could prove timely. Landslide Duty Officer Kerry Leith spoke to Guyon Espiner.  

Te Riu-a-Maui - or Zealandia - is the world's eighth continent and is right underneath us. It is the world's youngest, smallest, thinnest and most submerged continent, with about 94 per cent of it lying underwater. Geologist with GNS Science, Dr Nick Mortimer, has been at the forefront of discoveries about the hidden continent. He has recently been awarded a $100,000 James Cook Research Fellowship from Royal Society Te Aparangi to continue his work on Zealandia's geological make-up and ancestry. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society Te Aparangi in 2017, and in 2020 received a Science New Zealand Individual Lifetime Achievement Award. Dr Mortimer says it has taken hundreds of years for the science behind the discovery of the continent to mature - and there is still much to explain and communicate about Zealandia.

What does an early career researcher working on a Proterozoic Pb-Zn deposit in Namibia have in common with a senior scientist at the forefront of geothermal research in New Zealand?   Listen in to hear how passionate they both are about the negative impact of ‘Parachute Science'  - effectively dropping in and conducting research without local collaboration.  To tackle this issue, we need to work with scientists who live and work in our field areas and communicate our results with local communities. There are obvious barriers but as Halleluya Ekandjo says ‘Can we do better?  Of course we can do better.' Halleluya is a PhD researcher at iCrag in Dublin Ireland.  She has experienced first-hand the impact of outside experts visiting field locations in Africa and not collaborating with the local community.  Our conversation covers the impact of parachute science as well as what steps can be taken to create better outcomes.  How can we effectively transfer skills such that geoscientists around the globe are not always reliant on outside experts but can be in productive partnerships with them?Our second guest, Isabelle Chambefort, is a senior scientist at GNS Science, New Zealand.  She is literally at the cutting edge of geothermal science and the potential future of energy development in her country.  She is also tackling the issues of communication and collaboration as an integral part of her research program.  The ideas are challenging, and the conversation is thought provoking! Ekandjo, Halleluy-Naantu and Belgrano, Thomas M., 2022, Value for Value: End the Parachute Science Era, SEG Discovery no. 128, p, 52-53. https://doi.org/10.5382/SEGnews.2022-128 Theme music is Confluence by Eastwindseastwindsmusic.com

Mention the words "earthquake" in the same brief as "remediation" and it's enough to strike fear in the hearts of all New Zealanders, particularly those in Christchurch and other earthquake prone areas of the country. Now we find the chances of the ground shaking more violently in a quake is much higher than previously thought for large parts of the country. In some places it has doubled or even trebled. What are the ramifications of this new found knowledge? Joining the show to discuss is Michelle Grant, President of the Structural Engineering Society New Zealand, and Matt Gerstenberger, Principal Scientist and Seismologist at GNS Science

Wellington has reinforced its status as the landslip capital of New Zealand this week, with more swathes of earth coming away in the rain - blocking roads and undermining houses. It's also been an extreme year for slips across the motu. GNS Science engineering geomorphologist Brenda Rosser spoke to Corin Dann.

The eruption of the Tonga's Hunga volcano in January has been confirmed as the biggest explosion ever recorded in the atmosphere by modern instrumentation. It was far bigger than any 20th century volcanic event, or indeed any atom bomb test conducted after WWII. Scientists involved in the study published in the journal Science say the eruption was a "truly global event" of similar scale to the 1883 Krakatoa eruption in Indonesia. GNS Science senior volcanologist Dr Geoff Kilgour was one of the authors on the paper.

GNS Science is still facing two charges for allegedly failing to ensure the safety of pilots flying to Whakaari White Island. But the chances of a conviction look much lower now after a judge last week dismissed a similar health and safety charge against the National Emergency Management Agency. Otago university law lecturer Simon Connell spoke to Susie Ferguson.

New data shows the sea level is rising twice as fast as previously thought in some parts of Aotearoa, significantly reducing the amount of time authorities have to respond. Projections unveiled in a major government-funded report show infrastructure and homes across the country - particularly in Auckland and Wellington - risk inundation decades earlier than expected. For example, in just 18 years, parts of the capital will see 30cm of sea level rise, causing once-in-a-century flood damage every year. The new information comes from a programme comprising dozens of local and international scientists called NZ SeaRise, which also includes GNS Science and Niwa. Climate Change commissioner Rod Carr spoke to Corin Dann.

A report shows the sea level is rising twice as fast as previously thought in some parts of Aotearoa. Projections unveiled in a government-funded programme show infrastructure and homes in certain parts of the country risk inundation decades earlier than expected. The data comes from a group comprising dozens of local and international scientists called NZ SeaRise, which also includes GNS Science and Niwa. Climate Change Minister James Shaw spoke to Corin Dann.

Mt Ruapehu is on a raised volcanic alert level because of strong tremors in the area. The crater lake - Te Wai a-moe - is also heating up and has reached 31 degrees Celsius. There is a possibility the volcano's pressure is building. GNS Science duty volcanologist Craig Miller spoke to Susie Ferguson.

A slow-slip earthquake rumbling beneath the Kapiti Coast could help scientists predict when a devastating earthquake might hit. After five years of being "stuck" to the overlying Australian plate, the subducting Pacific Plate started moving again in mid-September. GNS Science has since recorded six-centimetres of movement - and it could keep shifting for several more months. Morning Report's Corin Dann spoke to Laura Wallace, a GNS Geodetic Scientist.

A slow-slip earthquake rumbling beneath the Kapiti Coast could help scientists predict when a devastating earthquake might hit. After five years of being "stuck" to the overlying Australian plate, the subducting Pacific Plate started moving again in mid-September. GNS Science has since recorded six-centimetres of movement - and it could keep shifting for several more months. Morning Report's Corin Dann spoke to Laura Wallace, a GNS Geodetic Scientist.

Most of the defendants accused of health and safety breaches in the lead-up to the deadly 2019 Whakaari eruption say they need more time before they can enter pleas. Thirteen parties have been charged, among them the island's owners, several tour companies and two government agencies - GNS Science and the National Emergency Management Agency. The case was called in the Whakatāne District Court this morning - but the judge warned it will be some time before it goes to trial. Our reporter Sarah Robson filed this story.

GNS Science says it has the most up-to-date technology when it comes to tsunami warnings, but work is being done to provide earlier and more accurate information. Two big earthquakes which hit the Kermadec Islands on Friday and one resulted in a tsunami warning for parts of the North Island. Last year the government granted $13 million towards a GNS Science project which will provide more rapid and accurate tsunami warnings leading to more effective evacuations and fewer false alarms. GNS seismologist Elizabeth Abbott said technology is always evolving.

Tsunami warnings have been lifted after this morning's 8.1 magnitude earthquake in the Kermadec Islands but people still shouldn't go near or in the water.Anyone who evacuated can return home.Civil Defence says the threat level has been downgraded to a beach and marine threat and GNS Science says the largest waves have passed.Emergency Management Minister Kiri Allan spoke to Simon Barnett and Phil Gifford once the evacuate warning was lifted.LISTEN ABOVE 

As of 6am the initial threat of a tsunami from an overnight earthquake near New Zealand's East Cape has now passed, and the alert has been cancelled. The National Emergency Management Agency says the threat of strong and unusual currents has now passed for all parts of New Zealand including the Chatham Islands. It says that's based on GNS Science's modelling and ocean observations of tide gauges and wave buoys.

Let's find out more about the science behind this magnitude 7.1 earthquake and the major 7.4 earthquake in the Kermadecs at 6.40 this morning. John Ristau is seismologist at GNS Science. He spoke to Susie Ferguson.

Let's find out more about the science behind this magnitude 7.1 earthquake off New Zealand's East Cape and the major 7.4 earthquake in the Kermadecs at 6.40 this morning John Ristau is seismologist at GNS Science. He spoke to Susie Ferguson.

A year into Covid, we've been reduced to angry, spiteful, side taking, finger pointing, tittle-tattling busy bodies. The tragedy is the instruction came from the top.All 13 of the defendants facing charges in relation to the death of 22 people when Whakaari/White Island erupted can now be reported.The first hearing was today adjourned until June.Inflite Charters, ID Tours and Tauranga Tourism Services had not previously been reported but today made no application for suppression.The other 10 parties had already identified themselves.They are: White Island Tours, Whakaari Management and its directors James, Peter and Andrew Buttle, Kahu NZ, The National Emergency Management Agency, GNS Science, Volcanic Air Safaris and Aerius Ltd.At today's hearing WorkSafe asked that the matter be adjourned to allow more time for all parties to prepare given the magnitude of the case.Counsel for White Island Tours, Richard Raymond, also argued that the charges had been filed in the wrong court and should have been filed in Whakatāne rather than Auckland.The judge agreed to hold the next hearing in Whakatāne and adjourn the matter until June 3.Arguments into which court the rest of the proceedings would be held in would be heard then.When WorkSafe chief executive Phil Parkes first announced the charges, he said it concluded the most extensive and complex investigation ever undertaken by WorkSafe."We investigated whether those with any involvement in taking tourists to the island were meeting their obligations under the Health and Safety at Work Act 2015."We consider that these 13 parties did not meet those obligations. It is now up to the judicial system to determine whether they did or not. WorkSafe can't comment on the matters in front of the court."This tragedy had a wide-ranging impact on victims, families, communities and iwi, he said."There were 47 people on the island at the time of the eruption, all of whom suffered serious injuries and trauma, and 22 of those have lost their lives."Ten organisations were charged under the Health and Safety at Work Act 2015.Three individuals were charged under section 44 of the Act which requires directors, or individuals with significant influence over a company, to exercise due diligence that the company is meeting its health and safety obligations.White Island Tours faced two charges related to alleged offending between April 2017 and December 2019.Tourists are cleared from White Island following the volcanic eruption December 9, 2019 where 22 were killed. Photo/Michael SchadeTwo White Island Tours guides, Jake Milbank and Kelsey Waghorn, were seriously injured in the disaster. Fellow guides Hayden-Marshall Inman and Tipene Maangi lost their lives.One charge against the company relates to its duty to workers and the other relates to its duty to tourists.In relation to tourists, the charge particulars allege it was reasonable to: "Ensure booking confirmation, pre-activity information and tour description information provided sufficient detail regarding the hazards and risks, including the risks posed to tourists from volcanic activity, so tourists so could make an informed decision prior to commencing the tour."Whakaari Management Ltd faces two charges related to alleged offending between April 2016 and December 2019.The company granted licences to the operators that undertook tours to the volcanic island.In the particulars of both charges it alleged it was reasonable to ensure that workers and tourists were supplied with "appropriate personal protective equipment".Whakaari Management Ltd's three directors - James, Peter and Andrew Buttle - each face one charge respectively.It is alleged that each, as an officer of Whakaari Management Ltd, failed in the duty to exercise due diligence to ensure the company was meeting its health and safety obligations.Kahu NZ faces two charges related to alleged offending between April 2016 and December 2019.One charge relates to the...

Much of New Zealand's freshwater flows underground, and a team from GNS Science is in the process of mapping it.

Much of New Zealand's freshwater flows underground, and a team from GNS Science is in the process of mapping it.

Much of New Zealand's freshwater flows underground, and a team from GNS Science is in the process of mapping it.

Increased geothermal activity on Mt Ruapehu is continuing.GeoNet raised the volcano's alert level to two yesterday.It reported a rise in the crater lake's temperature, tremors and one of the highest measured increases in volcanic gas.GNS duty seismologist Mike Rosenberg told Tim Dower not much has changed overnight, with small pulses of volcanic tremor ongoing."The activity sees the crater lake's temperature rise about one degree a day - and it's nothing unusual."Since 2007 the crater lake temperature has exceeded 40C a number of times, without leading to an eruption, however, the combination of the increased lake temperature, volcanic tremor and gas output have motivated the alert level change.GNS Science and the National Geohazards Monitoring Centre continues to closely monitor Mount Ruapehu for further signs of activity.LISTEN ABOVE

GNS Science is one of 13 parties charged by WorkSafe over the Whakaari White island explosion. Professor Troy Baisden, president of the New Zealand Association of Scientists, talks to Colin about the questions the charges raise.

GNS Science is one of 13 parties charged by WorkSafe over the Whakaari White island explosion. Professor Troy Baisden, president of the New Zealand Association of Scientists, talks to Colin about the questions the charges raise.

The Prime Minister has poured cold water on a Royal Commission into Whakaari, which could leave unanswered questions about the rescue and recovery mission. WorkSafe has completed its investigation into the disaster, but only up until the point of the eruption. It has charged 13 parties, including the National Emergency Management Agency and GNS Science. Ministers are now at odds over whether scrutiny should be applied to the likes of emergency services and the NZDF, and the way they responded in the minutes and hours immediately after the explosion. Our political reporter Jo Moir has this story.

The Workplace Relations and Safety Minister Michael Wood is confident that WorkSafe is adequately resourced to prosecute people and organisations in relation to last year's deadly eruption at Whakaari/White Island. WorkSafe says the Whakaari explosion was a tragedy that was unexpected but not unforseeable. The health and safety authority has charged 10 organisations and three individuals over the eruption in December 2019. The owners of Whakaari have confirmed they are among those charged in relation to last year's deadly eruption. The island is owned by the Buttle family, through Whakaari Management Limited and its three directors, James, Peter and Andrew Buttle, who have confirmed they are the three individuals charged. Two government agencies, GNS Science and the National Emergency Management Agency, have also been charged. White Island Tours and Volcanic Air Safaris also both say they're facing charges. There were 47 people on the island when the volcano erupted, and 22 of them were killed or later died of their injuries. Workplace Relations and Safety Minister Michael Wood speaks to Corin Dann.

A man involved in the rescue operation on Whakaari/White Island says charges being laid over the tragedy only add to the anguish of those involved. Pilot John Funnell was on Whakaari on the day of the eruption. No direct communications were possible between the island and the mainland, so he flew overhead and relayed messages between the helicopter crews landing and Air Traffic Control in Tauranga so that emergency care could be organised. He told Morning Report charges, which were announced on Monday, will not bring back those killed in the eruption. "At the end of the day is it going to give anyone any satisfaction by bringing charges against them having to defend it?" he said. "I think it just adds to the anguish, to be quite honest." Twenty-two people died after being caught up in the eruption on Whakaari in December 2019. Dozens more were injured. WorkSafe announced on Monday 13 charges will be laid over the event, White Island Tours, GNS Science and the National Emergency Management Agency have all confirmed they are facing charges.

Three members of the Buttle family who have owned Whakaari/White Island since 1936 have confirmed they are among those charged over last year's deadly eruption. After a year-long investigation, WorkSafe has laid charges against 10 organisations and three individuals yesterday The island is owned by the Buttle family through Whakaari Management Limited and its three directors, James, Peter and Andrew Buttle, have confirmed they are the three individuals charged. White Island Tours and Volcanic Air Safaris both say they're facing charges. GNS Science and the National Emergency Management Agency - formerly Civil Defence - have also waived name suppression. There were 47 people on the island at the time of the volcanic eruption last December, and 22 of them were killed or later died of their injuries. Australian mother and daughter, Julie and Jessica Richards, were two of the victims. They were on the trip of a lifetime, travelling on the cruise ship, Ovation of the Seas. A family spokesperson John Mickle told our reporter Charlotte Cook they knew charges were coming but the family is more focused on next week's anniversary and trying to cope with that.

Some families who lost loved ones in the Whakaari/White Island eruption have welcomed news of charges being laid over the tragedy.However, one family believe their loved one would have been "hugely disappointed" by the prosecutions.WorkSafe NZ has laid criminal charges against 10 organisations and three individuals following the eruption that claimed 22 lives on December 9 last year.The prosecutions now pit government agencies against each other — and last night a defiant GNS Science said: "We stand by our people and our science." GNS, which monitors volcanic activity, had raised the alert level for White Island in the weeks leading up to the eruption.WorkSafe chief executive Phil Parkes said the charges concluded the most extensive and complex investigation it had ever undertaken."This deeply tragic event was unexpected, but that does not mean it was unforeseeable," he said.The investigation did not include the rescue and recovery operation — the focus was on the events leading up to the eruption."The victims — both workers and visitors — all had a reasonable expectation that they could go to the island knowing that those organisations involved had done all they were required to do to look after their health and safety. But had they? That's the question WorkSafe was mandated to investigate."While Parkes wouldn't name those charged, Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern said two government agencies, GNS Science and the National Emergency Management Agency (Nema), were among the 10 organisations.She said it was an independent decision taken by WorkSafe.Her message to the families affected was that all Kiwis' thoughts were with those who experienced loss or injury.Mark Inman said the charges were not what his brother, tour guide Hayden Marshall-Inman, whose body was never found, would have wished. His employer, White Island Tours, is one of the companies charged."He would be hugely disappointed in the fact that potentially some of his friends have been charged. They all did the best of their ability and ran a professional outfit at Whakaari/White Island and for him to find that out he would be hugely disappointed," Inman told TVNZ.But the charges have provided "some relief" to Meredith Dallow, whose twin, Gavin Dallow, died with his 15-year-old stepdaughter, Zoe Hosking. His wife, Lisa, 48 was critically injured, suffering burns to almost 60 per cent of her body."I'm not surprised there have been charges laid and I'm actually quite pleased to be honest," said Meredith.She was only guessing who had been charged at this stage, but the maximum fine of $1.5 million for each group was "better than nothing"."I'm glad the WorkSafe investigation went ahead and there is an outcome but it doesn't really put closure to things," she said from Adelaide.She believed closure wouldn't come until the court cases and coronial inquest were over, but she was thankful the WorkSafe findings were released now rather than next week, around the anniversary of the eruption. "It does give us some relief, especially as we come close to the 12-month anniversary.The Whakaari/White Island eruption on December 9 last year claimed 22 lives. Photo / Michael SchadeThe three people charged as directors or individuals, who were required to exercise due diligence to ensure the company meets its health and safety obligations, face maximum fines of $300,000.Gavin's father, Brian Dallow, says he can't understand why the three individuals can only be fined $300,000 — if they were that neglectful to health and safety standards a jail sentence would be appropriate.Steve Milbank, whose son Jake Milbank, 19, will need treatment for the rest of his life after suffering burns to 80 per cent of his body, said news of the charges didn't reveal much.WorkSafe wouldn't identify the 13 parties, saying they needed an opportunity to go before a judge to apply for name suppression.Milbank said it would be a long time before details of why they were charged wo...

Hamilton man Geoff Hopkins was visiting Whakaari/White Island with his daughter Lillian on the day of the explosion a year ago says nobody should be blamed for what was a 'natural disaster'. After a year-long investigation into the explosion on Whakaari White Island, WorkSafe yesterday laid charges against 10 organisations and three individuals. The island is owned by the Buttle family through Whakaari Management Limited and its three directors, James, Peter and Andrew Buttle, have confirmed they are the three individuals charged and that the company has been charged. White Island Tours and Volcanic Air Safaris both say they're facing charges. GNS Science and the National Emergency Management Agency - formerly Civil Defence - have also waived name suppression. Half an hour before the explosion Geoff Hopkins and his daughter were standing on the edge of the crater. They helped tend to the injured after the boat they were on turned back to help. Hopkins, who is a pastor with Arise church in Hamilton, spoke to First Up's Ella Stewart.

The owners of Whakaari/White Island have confirmed they are among those charged in relation to last year's deadly eruption. On Tuesday the health and safety authority WorkSafe charged 10 organisations and three individuals over the eruption almost a year ago. The island is owned by the Buttle family, through Whakaari Management Limited and its three directors, James, Peter and Andrew Buttle, who have confirmed they are the three individuals charged. White Island Tours and Volcanic Air Safaris both say they're facing charges, and GNS Science and the National Emergency Management Agency have also waived name suppression. WorkSafe says the Whakaari White island explosion was a tragedy that was unexpected but not unforseeable. There were 47 people on the island when the volcano erupted, and 22 of them were killed or later died of their injuries. WorkSafe's chief executive Phil Parkes says visitors to the island would have all expected the companies to have had their health and safety in mind.

GNS Science is one of thirteen parties charged by WorkSafe over the Whakaari White island explosion last year that killed 22 people. The Crown Research Institute is responsible for alerts over volcanic activity at the island. Professor of volcanology at the University of Auckland, Shane Cronin, says he hopes the tragedy will lead to improved volcanic hazard management. But he also hopes the WorkSafe legal action won't deter scientists from making public statements on volcanic activity for fear of being prosecuted. He speaks to Susie Ferguson.

After the largest and most complex investigation WorkSafe has ever carried out, it's laid criminal charges against 13 parties in relation to the Whakaari White Island eruption last December - ten organisations and three individuals. The agency won't reveal their names, because under New Zealand law they are first given the opportunity to seek name suppression. The organisations face charges for failing to ensure the health and safety of workers and others, and could face a fine of up to $1.5 million. Two of them are government bodies - GNS Science and the National Emergency Management Agency, as identified by the Prime Minister. Three individuals have been charged for failing to ensure their company was meeting its health and safety obligations, and face a $300,000 fine. Here's RNZ political editor, Jane Patterson.

Jocelyn Turnbull from GNS Science is measuring how much CO2 we're producing in NZ towns - and she's doing it by cutting the grass.

GNS Science is measuring how much carbon dioxide we're producing in different towns as part of the Carbon Watch NZ project.

Jocelyn Turnbull from GNS Science is measuring how much CO2 we're producing in NZ towns - and she's doing it by cutting the grass.

GNS Science is measuring how much carbon dioxide we're producing in different towns as part of the Carbon Watch NZ project.

Jocelyn Turnbull from GNS Science is measuring how much CO2 we're producing in NZ towns - and she's doing it by cutting the grass.

A scientific model that estimates the likelihood and strength of earthquake shaking in different parts of New Zealand is being revised to reflect the latest research knowledge. GNS Science is updating their National Seismic Hazard Model which is used by businesses and government. Matt Gerstenberger is a seismologist at GNS.

GNS Science monitors levels of air pollution around New Zealand, and why soap is the ultimate coronavirus buster.

GNS Science monitors levels of air pollution around New Zealand, especially small particles that can have severe health effects.

GNS Science monitors levels of air pollution around New Zealand, and why soap is the ultimate coronavirus buster.

GNS Science monitors levels of air pollution around New Zealand, especially small particles that can have severe health effects.

380 New Zealand lakes are in the spotlight, and Marcus Vandergoes from GNS Science explains what happens to the thousands of sediment cores that will reveal a 1000-year history for each lake.

Sediment cores from the Lakes380 project, which is building a 1000-year history for 10 percent of New Zealand's lakes, are housed at GNS's National Isotope Centre.

380 New Zealand lakes are in the spotlight, and Marcus Vandergoes from GNS Science explains what happens to the thousands of sediment cores that will reveal a 1000-year history for each lake.

Sediment cores from the Lakes380 project, which is building a 1000-year history for 10 percent of New Zealand's lakes, are housed at GNS's National Isotope Centre.

Susie Wood from the Cawthron Institute says that sediment cores & eDNA will reveal a 1000-year history for 380 NZ lakes.

Susie Wood from the Cawthron Institute talks about Lakes 380, which will reveal a 1000-year history of 10 percent of NZ lakes, plus the element terbium.

Susie Wood from the Cawthron Institute says that sediment cores & eDNA will reveal a 1000-year history for 380 NZ lakes.

Susie Wood from the Cawthron Institute talks about Lakes 380, which will reveal a 1000-year history of 10 percent of NZ lakes, plus the element terbium.

Author Paul French takes us back to the lawless days of Shanghai before the Japanese invaded. Author David Prerau reminds us why we're turning back our clocks this weekend. Geologist Nick Mortimer of GNS Science reveals Zealandia, an underwater continent.

Tiny grains of fossil pollen are helping GNS Science researchers piece together the big picture of past environments.

Tiny grains of fossil pollen are helping GNS Science researchers piece together the big picture of past environments.

That's the question that GNS scientists are going to try and answer. Early warning systems are starting to come into use by a number of other countries around the world and now our scientists are going to take a social science view of early warning. Chris Lynch spoke to research team leader Dr Julia Becker, a social scientist at GNS Science to explain what this means. 

That's the question that GNS scientists are going to try and answer. Early warning systems are starting to come into use by a number of other countries around the world and now our scientists are going to take a social science view of early warning. Chris Lynch spoke to research team leader Dr Julia Becker, a social scientist at GNS Science to explain what this means. 

Geologists are combing the ground in the wake of the 7.8M Kaikōura earthquake looking for clues, to understand what happened when 9 faults rupture at the same time.

Geologists are combing the ground in the wake of the 7.8M Kaikōura earthquake looking for clues, to understand what happened when 9 faults rupture at the same time.

GNS Science scientists work together with Ngati Kahungunu to run marae-based workshops on geological hazards, natural resources and climate change.

GNS Science scientists work together with Ngati Kahungunu to run marae-based workshops on geological hazards, natural resources and climate change.