Podcasts about Celsius

The United Nations Conference of Parties (COP) is holding its annual meeting in Brazil this year for the 30th time. Despite the creation of the Paris Climate Agreement nearly ten years ago, carbon emissions continue to rise, and the world is now experiencing the impacts of the 1.5° Celsius rise in temperature we sought to avoid. The time has come to shift our thinking and actions to what we can do locally to prepare for and protect our communities from the dangers of the climate crisis. Clearing the FOG speaks with Ed Jarvis, the leader of the Climate Majority Project's SAFER (Strategic Adaptation for Emergency Resilience) campaign. Jarvis discusses the campaign's efforts to bring greater awareness to the need for adaptation and shares what people are doing with a focus on climate justice. For more information, visit PopularResistance.org.

Episode 709: Neal and Toby discuss a report that showed October was the worst month for layoffs in over 20 years. Then, Elon Musk prevails in the battle over this $1 trillion pay package. Meanwhile, ESPN drops Penn Entertainment as its sports betting partner and brings in DraftKings. Plus, Snap announces a partnership with Perplexity AI to AI-ify its search engine, sending shares up 8%. And, Duolingo, Celsius, and E.l.f. Beauty join the 20% club…with each of its shares falling by at least 20%. Finally, an update on the FAA's plans to cut flights and how it may affect you.  Learn more at usbank.com/splitcard  Get your MBD live show tickets here! https://www.tinyurl.com/MBD-HOLIDAY  Subscribe to Morning Brew Daily for more of the news you need to start your day. Share the show with a friend, and leave us a review on your favorite podcast app. Listen to Morning Brew Daily Here:⁠ ⁠⁠https://www.swap.fm/l/mbd-note⁠⁠⁠  Watch Morning Brew Daily Here:⁠ ⁠⁠https://www.youtube.com/@MorningBrewDailyShow⁠ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Fertility awareness methods (FAM) offer midwives a powerful, evidence-based framework to support cycle literacy, natural family planning, and postpartum care. In this episode, Lisa interviews Kate Chantry, a licensed midwife of 14 years, who shares how she integrates FAM tools and teachings from the Fertility Awareness Mastery Mentorship (FAMM) into her rural Wisconsin midwifery practice. Follow this link to view the full show notes page! This episode is sponsored by Lisa's new book, Real Food for Fertility, co-authored with Lily Nichols! Grab your copy here! 

Ten years ago in Paris, the world set its key climate goal, to limit a rise in global temperatures to 1.5 degrees Celsius. Now the United Nations is warning that the planet is likely to overshoot that target in the next decade, and that swift action is needed to limit the damage. The warning comes as world leaders are gathering for the COP30 Climate Conference in Belem, Brazil. Christiane spoke to former UN Climate Chief Christiana Figueres, a key architect of the Paris Climate Agreement, in Brazil ahead of the summit.   Also on today's show: author Katy Hessel ("How to Live an Artful Life"); Grammy-award winning musician and songwriter Jacob Collier  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Can Celsius Holding navigate the hidden energy drinks market risks involving the Alani Nu and PepsiCo DSD distribution swap? Celsius Holdings (NASDAQ: CELH) had quarterly revenue of $725.1 million, which was up 173% YoY. Excluding the Alani Nu acquisition-related financial impact, CELSIUS brand revenue grew 44% YoY. And if you were wondering about Alani Nu, it's second quarter revenue was $332 million…which equates to around 99% YoY growth! According to Circana last 13-week retail sales data, CELSIUS increased by 31% YoY...remaining the third-largest energy drink brand in the category with a dollar share of 11.2%. Alani Nu increased retail sales 114% YoY and is now the dominant fourth player in the U.S. energy drinks market with dollar share of 7.2%. And Rockstar Energy retail sales decreased 9% YoY and is the seventh-largest U.S. energy drink with dollar share of 2.4%. If we look at Celsius Holdings combined brand portfolio, it reached 20.8% of dollar share for the last 13-week period...ranking it third and trailing only Red Bull and the combined Monster Beverage portfolio. Additionally, if you were to consider the last 52-week period ending July 20, 2025…Celsius Holdings retail sales surpassed $5 billion. Celsius Holdings has experienced massive growth in convenience stores, foodservice (e.g. fast food restaurants), mass retailers like Walmart, the club channel in retailers like Costco, and the Amazon marketplace. And international expansion presents significant opportunity for incremental growth over the next three to five years. With the Celsius brand basically at full distribution now…growth will be unlocked through a strategic growth framework that John Fieldly recently branded as “more people,” “more places,” and “more often.” The other major aspect of “Celsius Holdings and PepsiCo strengthening its long-term strategic partnership” comes into play, as Alani Nu will move into the PepsiCo DSD distribution system (officially starting in December). Everyone knew the most obvious decision to optimize for a “short-term reward” was Celsius Holdings transitioning Alani Nu from its piecemealed national (mostly independent) DSD network to the PepsiCo system. However, I can't fault Celsius Holdings for making A LOT of noise by effectively “pulling off the biggest “trade” the U.S. energy drinks market has seen over the past decade.” But it's the question around “timing” that has me fired up! But it's time for Celsius Holdings to prepare…because winter is coming! Firstly, Celsius Holdings efficiently must handle market challenges stemming from swapping Alani Nu distribution rights. Next, Celsius Holdings must successfully catch the Rockstar Energy proverbial falling knife. Then, the shift to zero sugar, functional energy drinks, has essentially fueled one of the fastest-growing segments in beverage…and Celsius Holdings had been unequivocally defining it. Yet, with the addition of Rockstar Energy, Celsius Holdings must now reorient itself top to bottom around being a total energy portfolio…and not a performance-forward and modern energy portfolio that possesses this powerful “challenger mindset.”

World leaders are meeting in Brazil's Amazon city of Belem for the COP30 climate summit, as the UN confirms the world will fail to stay below 1.5 degree Celsius of warming. With 2025 expected to be one of the hottest years on record, vulnerable island nations are calling for urgent emission cuts, stronger climate finance, and action to protect the Amazon rainforest.

ASIO foils foreign spy plot to recruit Australians and steal sensitive national secrets... UN warns world set to permanently breach 1.5 degree Celsius climate target within a decade, and in sport, The NRL set to ban clubs from commenting on players under contract.

The ten years since the Paris Agreement was signed at the UN Climate Change Conference, COP 21, have been the ten hottest years on record. And the outcome that the Paris Agreement sought — limiting global temperatures to 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels — is now widely considered unattainable. There are other hurdles as well. Many nations have not submitted climate action plans, or nationally determined contributions, to the UN. And President Trump says he plans to re-withdraw the US from the Paris Agreement. Still, the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change marches on. Next week, delegates, activists, and journalists will converge in Belém, Brazil, for the 30th Conference of the Parties, or COP30. So what are some of the possible outcomes of this year's climate summit? Will the absence of the United States even matter? Will the issue of climate equity and financing garner much attention? And what could come from a new forum that Brazil is planning, where governments will discuss how climate policy affects trade? This week, Bill Loveless speaks with Elliot Diringer about the issues that are likely to dominate the upcoming COP. Elliot is a global fellow at the Center on Global Energy Policy directing its International Dialogue on Climate and Trade. He brings decades of experience in climate diplomacy as a negotiator, journalist, and policy strategist. He first engaged with the topic as a reporter covering the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro and later served in senior roles in the Clinton administration, the Center for Climate and Energy Solutions, and more recently as a senior policy advisor to Special Presidential Envoy for Climate John Kerry during the Biden administration.   Credits: Hosted by Jason Bordoff and Bill Loveless. Produced by Mary Catherine O'Connor, Caroline Pitman, and Kyu Lee. Engineering by Gregory Vilfranc.  

Zucchini boats for dinner tonight. Cut the zuc's lengthwise, hollow them out, cook up whatever YOU want to fill them with. For us tonight, ground beef with fire roasted tomatoes. Mix in the hollowed-out sections into the filling. Fill the boats and cover with the cheese of your choice or no cheese at all…who am I to tell you what or how to eat…you do you. Bake at 350 degrees Fahrenheit or 180 degrees Celsius until the zucchini boats are fork tender. About 45 minutes to an hour. The Music Authority Podcast...download, listen, share, repeat…heard daily on Belter Radio, Podchaser, Deezer, Amazon Music, Audible, Listen Notes, Mixcloud, Player FM, Tune In, Podcast Addict, Cast Box, Radio Public, Pocket Cast, APPLE iTunes, and direct for the source distribution site: *Podcast - https://themusicauthority.transistor.fm/  AND NOW there is a website! TheMusicAuthority.comThe Music Authority Podcast! Special Recorded Network Shows, too! Different than my daily show! Seeing that I'm gone from FB now…Follow me on “X” Jim Prell@TMusicAuthority*The Music Authority on @BelterRadio Monday, Tuesday, Thursday, Friday 7 pm ET & Wednesday 9 pm ET*Radio Candy Radio Monday Wednesday, & Friday 7PM ET, 4PM PT*Rockin' The KOR Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday at 7PM UK time, 2PM ET, 11AM PT  www.koradio.rocks*Pop Radio UK Friday, Saturday, & Sunday 6PM UK, 1PM ET, 10AM PT! *The Sole Of Indie https://soleofindie.rocks/ Monday Through Friday 6-7PM EST!*AltPhillie.Rocks Sunday, Thursday, & Saturday At 11:00AM ET!November 4, 2025, Tuesday, page two…@The Sonny Wilsons - Miss Kinetic [Maybe] (koolkatmusik.com)@Nathalie Miller - Sit And Stew [Like You Used To - EP]@Duck & Cover - You Wreck Me [No Hounds In The Cluster] (@Rum Bar Records)@The Garden Roads - Down Off The Ledge [Destination Never Known]@The Kite Collectors - Watching the Seagulls Fly [Switch The World Back On] (@Paisley Records)@All The Madmen - Alien [Rum Bar Records - Shots November 2025 Audio Jukebox] (@Rum Bar Records)@C.Ross - Unnatural Light [C.Ross]@Gyasi - 08 Walk On [Pronounced Jah-See]@Lillian King - Nothing [In Your Long Shadow]@The Lucky Shots - Only The Night Knows [Clearly Opaque] (koolkatmusik.com)@Silver Dollar Room - Normal People [Can't Rain - The Piano Sessions]@Whimsical - Feather [Melt]@Jim Trainor - Nothing [Listening To Understand] (koolkatmusik.com)@Dom Mariani - Sad State Of Affairs [Apple Of Life] (@Alive Records)@Billy Bonbon - Up [Billy] (@Subjangle)

Recorded 2025-11-03 14:50:43

Halloween is our favorite holiday at For Flux Sake. We can't get enough of the costumes, candy, and science! Join the gang this week as they answer listener questions about using wild clays in a community studio, washing dirty clay laundry, and the proper way to open a bag of dry ceramic material. Do you have questions or need advice on glazes? Drop us a line at ForFluxSakePodcast@gmail.com and you could be featured on an upcoming show.   Have you checked out the new For Flux Sake Patreon? This is a great way to show your support and have access to discounted merch, live hangouts, and extra episodes. Head over to Patreon and sign up today.    Today's episode is brought to you by Monkey Stuff, The Rosenfield Collection, Cornell Studio Supply, and Ceramic Materials Workshop's Making Glaze Make Sense.   This week's episode features the following topics: Halloween, Lord Celsius, Clay Wizard, Copper Carb, laundry, silicosis, wild clay, dry materials storage  

Are organ meats the missing link in male fertility? In this episode of the FAMM Research Series, Lisa breaks down a surprising study on red meat intake and reproductive parameters in young men — revealing a major disconnect between the data and the published abstract. Learn what the study actually found about organ meat consumption, sperm quality, and researcher bias in nutrition science. Follow this link to view the full show notes page! This episode is sponsored by Lisa's new book, Real Food for Fertility, co-authored with Lily Nichols! Grab your copy here!

In this episode from the Plain English archives, you'll learn about Dublin, the capital of the Republic of Ireland. It's a great place to explore the best of Irish culture: the music, the drinks, and the literature.--Cold plunges are the new health trend championed by high-fliers and ordinary people alike. By submerging yourself water that's 15 degrees Celsius (or colder!), you can manage stress, reduce muscle soreness, improve your concentration, and more, advocates say."Full lesson: https://plainenglish.com/lessons/cold-plunge --Upgrade all your skills in English: Plain English is the best current-events podcast for learning English.You might be learning English to improve your career, enjoy music and movies, connect with family abroad, or even prepare for an international move. Whatever your reason, we'll help you achieve your goals in English.How it works: Listen to a new story every Monday and Thursday. They're all about current events, trending topics, and what's going on in the world. Get exposure to new words and ideas that you otherwise might not have heard in English.The audio moves at a speed that's right for intermediate English learners: just a little slower than full native speed. You'll improve your English listening, learn new words, and have fun thinking in English.--Did you like this episode? You'll love the full Plain English experience. Join today and unlock the fast (native-speed) version of this episode, translations in the transcripts, how-to video lessons, live conversation calls, and more. Tap/click: PlainEnglish.com/joinHere's where else you can find us: Instagram | YouTube | WhatsApp | EmailMentioned in this episode:Hard words? No problemNever be confused by difficult words in Plain English again! See translations of the hardest words and phrases from English to your language. Each episode transcript includes built-in translations into Spanish, Portuguese, Chinese, German, French, Italian, Japanese, Polish, and Turkish. Sign up for a free 14-day trial at PlainEnglish.com

Alex Fournier, General Manager at Enerteck Wind Services, returns to the spotlight to discuss the company's growth from specialized blade repair into a full-service wind maintenance provider. Fournier shares how Enerteck is positioning itself to support Quebec's ambitious wind expansion plans while navigating the unique challenges of Canada's shortened repair seasons. Sign up now for Uptime Tech News, our weekly email update on all things wind technology. This episode is sponsored by Weather Guard Lightning Tech. Learn more about Weather Guard's StrikeTape Wind Turbine LPS retrofit. Follow the show on Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, Linkedin and visit Weather Guard on the web. And subscribe to Rosemary Barnes' YouTube channel here. Have a question we can answer on the show? Email us! Welcome to Uptime Spotlight, shining Light on Wind. Energy's brightest innovators. This is the Progress Powering tomorrow. Allen Hall: Alex, welcome back to the show. Thank you so much guys for having me. It sounds like we had a busy blade season with Enerteck up in Canada. It's just a different environment up there. What kind of, uh, repairs have you been working on this year?  Alex Fournier: Uh, really busy. Been some, uh, doing some transfer crack, open window and lighting damage, VGs, installation, polytech, erosion, uh, all that kind of stuff from road access on platform. Um, so we been pretty busy. Yeah. What parts of Canada are you focused on right now? Uh, at the beginning of the season we trying to focus on Quebec 'cause the temperature is getting colder faster. Um, so usually we start with Quebec and then we're making our way up west. So right now our blade season is pretty much done in Quebec, [00:01:00] so now we're focusing in Ontario. Uh, Ontario have way better, uh, temperature right now in Quebec. It might be around 15 to 20 degrees up north. Versus in Ontario that right now it's around 22, 25 degrees Celsius.  Joel Saxum: Celsius being the big thing there. Right. For our, for our US listeners, it's 25 degrees is really cold to us, but very nice to you. Yeah. Thanks. It's pretty cold.  Allen Hall: Yeah. I think for a lot of listeners, they don't realize how short the blade repair season is in Canada. How many days do you really have it? It depends where you are, right? There's some  Alex Fournier: site that, there's still some snow in May. Um, but, uh, if, if, if we're in a. Nice area. It can be from, uh, April, may to September, October, November. You're really pushing it. I think if, if you want to do, uh, blade work in November and que back, you need to have like a 360 platform with the heater and uh, and closed platform. Which we don't have yet,  Joel Saxum: but yet, [00:02:00] yet is an interesting concept there. You say we don't have that platform yet, but that kind of points to the eTech. Uh, I mean, of course. Congratulations. A new, new role over there I think, clue us in on that. What is the new role?  Alex Fournier: So it's general manager, so right now I'm taking care of the whole company, which is either composite or maintenance. Um, I'm doing boat. Um, so if you have any requests either on composite or maintenance and Quebec or candidate, just let me know. But yeah, when I first started I was, uh, director of composite operation and then, uh. Climbing at the ladder to turn on Azure. Now  Joel Saxum: what it makes sense is eTech is, uh, expanding, you know, strategically expanding services. Right? So you guys, uh, of course when we were talking with you and you joined the team there, you had a composite. So we, they just, this is your first big blade season. Sounds like it's gone very well. Um, but the eTech is a company does a lot more than that. You off air, you're clueing us in on some of the really cool things you guys are doing. Some, some stuff we've never actually really dealt with or heard too much of and wind, [00:03:00] but, um. Yeah,

Bitcoin Katie has rapidly emerged as one of the most compelling voices in Bitcoin education, specifically targeting Gen X-ers and pre-internet era demographics with clear, jargon-free content.› https://www.youtube.com/@bitcoinkatiePARTNERS

The Paris Climate Agreement has the primary goal of limiting global average temperature rise to well below 2 degrees Celsius and preferably 1.5 degrees above pre-industrial levels.  Meeting this goal involves reaching global net-zero greenhouse gas emissions in the second half of the century.  Doing so requires the substantial adoption of renewable energy sources to […]

The world's latest climate plans are in and they fall drastically short. More than sixty countries have submitted their updated commitments to the United Nations, outlining how they'll reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 2035. But according to the UN's own analysis published today, these plans would only cut global carbon emissions by around 10% compared with 2019 levels.That's just one sixth of what's needed to limit global heating to 1.5 degrees Celsius, the supposed goal of the Paris Agreement. So, are governments genuinely trying, or are these plans just for show?Join us on our journey through the events that shape the European continent and the European Union.Production: By Europod, in co production with Sphera Network.Follow us on:LinkedInInstagram Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

De todas las cosas que me podía esperar del Premio al Spren Serotonina de Roshar, he de decir que un pasado de ex-presidiaria no entraba en la lista. Y es que en Shadesmar todo parece ir saliendo a la luz, así como los pasos prohibidos de Adolin y Azure, y el regreso de un afortunado y Antiguo (en muchos sentidos) conocido. Mientras tanto nos encontramos el inesperado regreso de Szeth en el campamento de los Skybreakers, Nohadon nos hace una visitilla express, recordamos uno de los mejores cosplays del Celsius de este año, nuestros personajes andan muy pendientes de la Cagarruta de Honor, cae aluminio del cielo (no, no estamos en Scadrial ?¿?); Pati teoriza sobre el pasado en Roshar y Lour y Sof intentan RAFOar (con poco éxito en ciertas cosas)… y hacemos referencia a una de las mejores pelis de nuestra infancia.

A decade ago, nearly every country in the world adopted the Paris Agreement, which aims to limit the rise in global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius by 2100. Member nations are required under the legally binding treaty to submit every five years their climate action plans, or Nationally Determined Contributions, that detail the voluntary actions they commit to take to cut their carbon emissions.    The treaty couldn’t have come at a more urgent time. Last year was Earth’s hottest year on record, including the first year to exceed 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-Industrial levels. Still, the Paris Agreement has allowed countries to make some modest progress on cutting emissions and slowing the arrival of the 2 degrees Celsius tipping point that experts warn could trigger irreversible and catastrophic climate change impacts.  But a new study led by the University of Washington found that those carbon-cutting gains are not great enough to offset the environmental costs of global economic growth, which has risen sharply over the past decade. The study also projects how Pres. Trump’s decision to pull the US out of the Paris Agreement for a second time may affect the collective, international effort to fight climate change. Adrian Raftery, a professor emeritus of statistics and sociology at University of Washington, joins us for more details.

Die Europese Parlement het sy prioriteite vir die Verenigde Nasies se Klimaatsveranderingskonferensie in Brasilië volgende maand aanvaar. COP30 sal fokus op pogings wat nodig is om die wêreldtemperatuur tot 1,5 grade Celsius te beperk, en vordering met die finansieringsbeloftes wat by COP29 gemaak is. 'n Lid van die Europese Parlement, Lídia Pereira, sê hulle wil hê dat lande hul billike deel moet bydra tot die verskaffing van voldoende klimaatsfinansiering:

In this FAMM Research Series episode, Lisa examines a new UK-based study suggesting an increase in unintended pregnancies linked to fertility awareness methods. But is that really the whole story? Tune in for a critical breakdown of the data, the real reasons women are turning away from hormonal contraception, and what it all means for practitioners working in reproductive health. This episode is sponsored by Lisa's new book, Real Food for Fertility, co-authored with Lily Nichols! Grab your copy here! 

Contributor: Taylor Lynch, MD Educational Pearls: A recent study published in a pediatric journal in April 2025 compared temporal and oral thermometers Paired temperature measurements (temporal and oral temperature within 30 minutes) were obtained from 1,412 pediatric patients 26% of patients had statistically different temporal and oral temperatures The temporal reading was always lower than the oral reading Children less than 12 years old were 2-3x more likely to actually have that statistical difference in temperatures The study also evaluated 1,000 adult patients 36% had a temporal temperature that was 0.5 degrees Celsius lower than the oral temperature Reasons for the statistical difference between the two types of thermometers: Environment: temporal thermometers are affected by ambient room temperature, diaphoresis, and inaccuracy in measuring temperature at the site of the temporal artery Physiologic: a patient with inadequate perfusion will not have an accurate temporal reading Impact: Obtaining an accurate temperature is crucial in patient care For example, in the setting of sepsis, temperature is a necessary component to identifying when a patient meets SIRS criteria References Salhi RA, Meeker MA, Williams C, Iwashyna TJ, Samuels-Kalow ME. Inaccuracy of Temporal Thermometer Measurement by Age and Race. Acad Pediatr. 2025 Apr;25(3):102620. doi: 10.1016/j.acap.2024.102620. Epub 2024 Dec 15. PMID: 39681266. Summarized by Meg Joyce, MS2 | Edited by Meg Joyce & Jorge Chalit, OMS4 Donate: https://emergencymedicalminute.org/donate/

Bitcoin is definitely volatile. If you told me it was going to go down by 50 percent next year, I would hesitantly believe you. However, there is no way you can convince me that Bitcoin will not hit $500,000 at some point within the next five years. Think about what's happening: ETFs are everywhere, treasury companies are holding Bitcoin, there are rumors of central banks buying it, and even an American Bitcoin reserve. It is an asset that will go up. But it may go down before that, and that is unnerving. You should not put money into Bitcoin unless you commit to not touching it for 5–10 years. But then you face another problem—Bitcoin is like gold. Unlike apartment buildings, there is no rent, no cashflow. Other coins like Ethereum and Solana have mechanisms called staking that allow for yield. Bitcoin does not. Its beauty is that there are not a lot of moving parts. It's a vault of security, and that's pretty much it. Again, just like gold. There have been companies like BlockFi and Celsius—which are, indeed, traditional finance companies—that lost people's Bitcoin when they went insolvent. But now there may be a way to get yield from Bitcoin while keeping it in your custody. That's what we talk about on this week's Wealth Formula Podcast, in addition to covering recent news and making predictions about Bitcoin's price.

What happens when science is designed for men? Lisa explores the entrenched sex bias in biomedical research and its impact on women's health in this solo FAMM Research Series episode. Follow this link to view the full show notes page! This episode is sponsored by Lisa's new book Real Food for Fertility, co-authored with Lily Nichols! Grab your copy here!  Would you prefer to listen to the audiobook version of Real Food for Fertility instead?

Gary and Shannon kick off the hour with a heartfelt talk-back from a listener who shares their appreciation for the show. They then dive into Malibu's newly declared state of emergency over fire risks caused by homeless encampments and debate whether the city's political leanings have shifted since the wildfires.Later, they highlight key moments from Michael J. Fox's new memoir before turning to the NFL's “Unc Bowl,” where veteran quarterbacks Aaron Rodgers and Joe Flacco faced off on Thursday Night Football. The hour wraps up with a #Wellness segment as the team discusses kids' growing addiction to energy drinks, and Gary admits he's keeping it to just one Celsius a day.

When you think about PepsiCo…your brain either beelines to carbonated soft drinks and their flagship Pepsi brand or packaged foods and their significant market share across salty snack categories. But how about what I like to call the “three-headed categorical monster” of active nutrition? Or maybe it's time to expand my phrase slightly…especially after PepsiCo CEO stated last week within its third quarter earnings call that “fiber will be the next protein.” However, while PepsiCo leadership now talks wildly about “elevating its innovation agenda with core brands by capturing new occasions through added functional benefits,” categorical offerings outside hydration (so energy, protein, and fiber) were mostly strategic afterthoughts only a handful of years ago. Though, if your primary indicator for strategic change was looking for broad-based portfolio product innovation, you'd likely believe PepsiCo leadership was “all talk” in 2022 when expressing "optimism about the runway for growth within the active nutrition category." Outside of Gatorade deepening its “fuel solutions” for athletes and simultaneously broadening into more active lifestyles…PepsiCo could've just looked like another Big CPG player plagued with a mix of poor portfolio management, missed opportunities, and persistent share loss. In fact, you'd only understand where it was heading due to PepsiCo leadership leaving breadcrumb after breadcrumb throughout quarterly earnings statements and investment conference presentations regarding how the $200 billion market cap sized CPG conglomerate would transform its products to better reach shifting consumer preferences…as more moved closer towards this four-way intersection of taste, convenience, nutrition, and functionality. However, heading into 2025…when the business landscape seemed cloudier than ever, as massive “drivers of demand” like GLP-1 weight loss second-order effects became more pronounced and the MAHA movement gained political power, PepsiCo appeared to build further conviction surrounding its long-awaited strategic game plan. Suddenly, all those “nice if possible” innovation cycles focused on reimagining products quickly turned into a cascade of “must have” strategic actions. But my latest first principles thinking content will explore (through the lens of hydration, energy, protein, and fiber) why I believe PepsiCo contains one of the most fascinating “active nutrition” brand portfolios. And while PepsiCo is also making huge “nutrition” adjustments across its entire portfolio, I'll only sporadically mention the most relevant changes that are adjacent or congruent to adding “functionality” in products. I'll cover subject matter that ranges from Muscle Milk and Gatorade MAHA changes, the recent energy drinks deal that involved PepsiCo, CELSIUS, Alani Nu, and Rockstar Energy...along with how more grams of protein seem to be making its way into anything and everything that's quick, easy, and accessible (including Doritos, Quaker, Sun Chips, PopCorners, and Smartfood products). Also, I'll cover the two massive decisions (Poppi acquisition and Pepsi Prebiotic) that really showed how serious PepsiCo is about the “fiber will be the next protein” CEO statement. Lastly, PepsiCo is a world-class company with iconic brands, and its willingness to reinvent those brands (against the backdrop of shifting consumer habits and preferences) is venerable. If PepsiCo keeps this “disrupt ourselves” mindset going…I believe it's well-positioned to continue winning in this important “active nutrition” space.

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Are you looking to save time, make money, and start winning with less risk? Then head to https://www.ovtlyr.com.The market came out swinging this week with Monday's rally, but by Tuesday, things started to look shaky again. In this video, we dive deep into what's really happening in the stock market right now, which stocks are holding strong, which ones are breaking down, and which ones you should absolutely stay away from. Think of this as your “Lambos or Food Stamps” session, where we break down the most popular Reddit stocks and see who's driving profit and who's headed straight for a crash.We start with the big picture as the S&P 500, Nasdaq, and Dow Jones all flash sell signals. That means we're entering a phase where risk management matters more than ever. Using OVTLYR's Nine Template, we'll show you how to analyze stocks based on the three pillars that drive every move: the market, the sector, and the stock itself. With the market and most sectors under pressure, it's time to focus on preservation and smart positioning.Here's what you'll learn in this session:➡️ How to identify when the entire market is turning bearish and what that means for your portfolio➡️ Why utilities are the only sector still flashing bullish signals and why that's a warning sign➡️ How to avoid the trap of holding stocks just because “they should go back up”➡️ Which major names like Tesla, Nvidia, Microsoft, and Meta are flashing sell signals➡️ Why certain outliers like Celsius, MP, and GLD are still holding their own➡️ How to read fear and greed levels to time your exits and avoid emotional trades➡️ What the psychology behind order blocks tells you about where traders are trappedYou'll see how OVTLYR's tools help identify clear buy and sell signals across every major stock and ETF, removing guesswork and emotion. This video covers a wide range of top tickers, from Tesla's “food stamp” setup to Nvidia's resilience, Meta's continued weakness, and AMD's potential “gap and go” scenario. We'll also take a closer look at defensive plays like GLD, which continue to perform while everything else struggles.This isn't just a recap; it's a complete walkthrough of how professional traders approach volatile markets. You'll learn why trading with the trend, not against it, can make all the difference. Instead of chasing hype or relying on hope, you'll see how OVTLYR's data-driven process gives traders the confidence to step back, reassess, and reenter when the odds are back in their favor.If you've ever wondered how to separate hype from opportunity, this video will show you exactly how. Stay disciplined, follow the data, and trade smarter with OVTLYR.Gain instant access to the AI-powered tools and behavioral insights top traders use to spot big moves before the crowd. Start trading smarter today

CONGRATULATIONS DR. OMAR YAGHI ON WINNING THE 2025 NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY FOR COF 999!What is COF 999?UC Berkeley chemistry professor Dr. Omar Yaghi recently led a study which has the potential to be revolutionary in reducing the quantity of carbon dioxide present in the atmosphere. “Covalent organic framework number 999,” or COF 999, is a yellow, powder-like material that has billions of tiny holes. Inside of these holes, researchers in Dr. Yaghi's lab have installed molecular units that can seek out carbon dioxide, enabling the substance to suck in and capture the carbon dioxide. COF 999 has a huge capacity for absorbing emissions; half a pound of the powder can absorb as much carbon dioxide as a tree captures in a year.The carbon dioxide problemThe quantity of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has reached an all-time high, with a global average in 2023 of 419.3 parts per million. This immense amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere comes from a number of human sources, the most common of which is the burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas for energy. Carbon dioxide is the most abundant greenhouse gas in the atmosphere, and contributes significantly to global warming and other environmental issues, including ocean acidification.Applying COF 999 In an interview with Forbes, Dr. Yaghi described the way he sees COF 999 being implemented as a solution. The powder can be made into pellets or a coating, and then integrated into facilities where flue gas –the gas that is released from industrial processes –is released. “This flue gas would pass through the material and because it just plucks out CO2, it cleans CO2 from that flue before it reaches the atmosphere.” According to the San Francisco Standard, Dr. Yaghi says that the powder “requires no energy, shows no signs of degradation even after 100 uses, and is made from inexpensive, commercially available materials.”  Another benefit is that the material only needs to be heated to 50 or 60 degrees Celsius, rather than to 120 like many other traditional materials necessary for carbon capture.In order to see significant change in the atmosphere's carbon dioxide concentration, we will need to couple preventing carbon dioxide emissions with direct air capture, which COF 999 can also do. According to Zihui Zhou, a UC Berkeley graduate student who worked in Dr. Yaghi's lab says, “Currently, the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere is more than 420 ppm, but that will increase to maybe 500 or 550 before we fully develop and employ flue gas capture. So if we want to decrease the concentration and go back to maybe 400 or 300 ppm, we have to use direct air capture.” It will take time, however, for scientists to be able to use COF 999 effectively. This is because the powder has not been tested in real-life scenarios, and therefore the costs and risks from the powder are largely unknown; for example, the powder might restrict air flow through filters when applied, reducing the practicality of the powder.  About our guestDr. Omar Yaghi is a professor of chemistry at the University of California Berkeley, and the Founding Director of the Berkeley Global Science Institute, whose mission is to build centers of research in developing countries and provide opportunities for young scholars to discover and learn. He is an elected member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences as well as the German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina. ResourcesClimate.gov: Climate Change: Atmospheric Carbon DioxideForbes: This Powder Could Be A Gamechanger For Capturing CO2The San Francisco Standard: The new solution to climate change? A yellow powder you can hold in your fingersUC Berkeley News: Capturing carbon from the air just got easierSmithsonian Magazine: This New, Yellow Powder Quickly Pulls Carbon Dioxide From the Air, and Researchers Say ‘There's Nothing Like It'For a transcript, please visit https://climatebreak.org/cof-999-carbon-capture-with-dr-omar-yaghi/

In Episode 118 of Two Beers and a Mic, the crew preps for Jake and Jorge's upcoming camping trip in Florence, Arizona—a 16-hour trek filled with questionable snacks, road trip debates, and Jake's strong stance against eating while driving. From the best (and worst) car foods to the logistics of surviving that long on the road, it's a true test of road trip strategy and sanity.The guys also dive into the recent High Noon controversy, where cans were mistakenly labeled as Celsius energy drinks, sparking confusion and caffeine-fueled chaos.And just when things couldn't get weirder, Stone shares his love for a Vietnamese donut shop and pitches one of the most unusual branding ideas ever involving—yep—“Lady Boys” in donut form.It's a wild mix of road trip banter, beverage blunders, and bold bakery concepts—just another perfectly chaotic episode of Two Beers and a Mic.Cantrip: https://drinkcantrip.com/ USE CODE: "TWOBEERS" for 30% OFF YOUR FIRST PURCHASE

Everyone thinks they're sending too many emails, but according to Jay Schwedelson and Daniel Murray, the truth is you're probably not sending enough. In this Bathroom Break episode, the duo dives into the myths around email frequency, timing, and those dreaded unsubscribes. They share hot takes, real data, and a few caffeine-fueled truths about what really keeps your emails in the inbox (and your audience engaged).Follow Daniel on LinkedIn and check out The Marketing Millennials podcast for sharp, no-fluff marketing insights. Subscribe to Ari Murray's newsletter at gotomillions.co for sharp, actionable marketing insights.Best Moments:(01:05) Jay admits to skipping a VIP dinner for room service and honesty wins the night(03:12) Why sending more emails actually improves open rates and inbox placement(06:40) The myth of the “best day and time” to send emails and why variety wins(09:22) How AI tools can now auto-time your email sends to each subscriber's habits(13:00) Unsubscribes aren't bad—they can be a sign your content finally stood out(16:44) Relevancy and frequency are a power couple—great content earns more sends(19:55) Daniel shares the real cost of parenting on six Celsius a dayCheck out our 100% FREE + VIRTUAL EVENTS! ->Guru Conference - The World's Largest Virtual EMAIL MARKETING Conference - Nov 6-7!Register here: www.GuruConference.comㅤCheck out Jay's YOUTUBE Channel: https://www.youtube.com/@schwedelsonCheck out Jay's TIKTOK: https://www.tiktok.com/@schwedelsonCheck Out Jay's INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/jayschwedelson/ㅤMASSIVE thank you to our Sponsor, Marigold!!Email chaos across campuses, branches, or chapters? Emma by Marigold lets HQ keep control while local teams send on-brand, on-time messages with ease.Podcast & GURU listeners: 50 % off your first 3 months with an annual plan (new customers, 10 k-contact minimum, terms apply).Claim your offer now at jayschwedelson.com/emma

Recorded 2025-10-13 18:02:45

Immer mehr Influencer helfen dabei, Pulver unters Volk zu bringen. Ob sich Der Letzte Podcast wohl bald auch für diesen lukrativen Geschäftszweig einspannen lässt? Brobert und Daniel hätten Ideen für eine Alternative, die aus der Flasche kommt.Kapitel aus diesem Podcast:(00:00:00) Vorwort(00:01:21) Intro(00:02:08) Gesamtmeeresplatte beim Italiener(00:08:57) Ouzo-Overkill beim Weltuntergang(00:13:00) Celsius & Daniels Billig-Energy-Drink-Fetisch(00:17:18) Influencer-Hype-Pülverchen(00:22:53) Teure Länder(00:24:42) Billigste Billig-Energy-Drinks(00:27:36) Von Balko bis Sat.1(00:29:36) Pro7 & Sat.1 in Berlusconis Händen(00:31:19) Bias & Chefansagen in Nachrichtenredaktionen(00:36:30) Merz Stand Herbst(00:38:02) AFD-Schläfer in anderen Parteien(00:40:08) Nicht nur die CDU stärkt Rechts(00:42:55) Einzige Wahlempfehlung: Nicht die AFD(00:44:29) Mit GroKo ging es schlechter weiter(00:46:20) Thema Messermorde scheint schon wieder out(00:47:41) Heidis Linke als Ausweg?(00:48:11) Eklat um Böhmermann-Ausstellung(00:50:13) Worte zum Protest gegen Israel(00:53:45) Bringt Gaza Trump Friedensnobelpreis ein?(00:55:12) Warum vieles gerade extra Scheiße ist(00:57:28) Unterstützt uns direkt hier bei Patreon!https://www.patreon.com/DerLetztePodcast(00:57:41) Trinkgeld per PayPal direkt hier senden!https://www.paypal.com/paypalme/danielpook(00:58:53) Outro - Besucht uns auf https://www.DieLetzte.website

Discover what AMH really tells us about fertility, ovarian reserve, and egg quality. Lisa breaks down the latest research and debunks persistent AMH myths in this clinical deep dive for practitioners. Follow this link to view the full show notes page! This episode is sponsored by Lisa's new book Real Food for Fertility, co-authored with Lily Nichols! Grab your copy here!  Would you prefer to listen to the audiobook version of Real Food for Fertility instead?

Join Emily and Brandon Sanderson for this special episode of Intentionally Blank where they go over all the amazing gifts you gave during Dragonsteel's time in Spain. While reviewing your incredible art, Brandon and Emily discuss their many trips to Spain, why Dragonsteel attended Celsius 232, and some of their favorite parts of the festival.Want to send me something to open?Dragonsteel EntertainmentATTN: AdamP.O Box 698American Fork, UT 84003Get your Wheel of Time updates here with the Bound and Woven newsletter: https://mailchi.mp/brandonsanderson/eye-of-the-world-campaignStay up to date by following my newsletter: https://brandonsanderson.us10.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=7d056bb7596a3e617f82004b2&id=fa68f14db0Interested in signed books and swag? Check here: https://www.dragonsteelbooks.com/You can also follow me on:Tiktok: https://www.tiktok.com/@authorbrandonsandersonFacebook: https://www.facebook.com/BrandSandersonTwitter: https://twitter.com/BrandSandersonInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/brandsanderson/?hl=enTwitch: https://www.twitch.tv/mistbornbrandonFrequently asked questions: https://faq.brandonsanderson 

China announced a new climate commitment under the Paris Agreement at last month's United Nations General Assembly meeting, pledging to cut its emissions by 7% to 10% by 2035. Many observers were disappointed by the promise, which may not go far enough to forestall 2 degrees Celsius of warming. But the pledge's conservatism reveals the delicate and shifting politics of China's grid — and how the country's central government and its provinces fight over keeping the lights on. On this week's episode of Shift Key, Rob and Jesse talk to Michael Davidson, an expert on Chinese electricity and climate policy. He is a professor at the University of California, San Diego, where he holds a joint faculty appointment at the School of Global Policy and Strategy and the Jacobs School of Engineering. He is also a senior associate at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, and he was previously the U.S.-China policy coordinator for the Natural Resources Defense Council.Shift Key is hosted by Robinson Meyer, the founding executive editor of Heatmap, and Jesse Jenkins, a professor of energy systems engineering at Princeton University. Mentioned:China's new pledge to cut its emissions by 2035What an ‘ambitious' 2035 electricity target looks like for ChinaChina's Clean Energy Pledge is Clouded by Coal, The Wire ChinaJesse's upshift; Rob's upshift.--This episode of Shift Key is sponsored by …Hydrostor is building the future of energy with Advanced Compressed Air Energy Storage. Delivering clean, reliable power with 500-megawatt facilities sited on 100 acres, Hydrostor's energy storage projects are transforming the grid and creating thousands of American jobs. Learn more at hydrostor.ca.A warmer world is here. Now what? Listen to Shocked, from the University of Chicago's Institute for Climate and Sustainable Growth, and hear journalist Amy Harder and economist Michael Greenstone share new ways of thinking about climate change and cutting-edge solutions. Find it here.Music for Shift Key is by Adam Kromelow. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

HEADLINE: Greenhouse Antarctica, the First Whales, and the Survival Strategies Post-Asteroid Impact BOOK TITLE: Other Lands, a journey through Earth's extinct world GUEST AUTHOR NAME: Thomas Halliday 200-WORD SUMMARY: This section begins in the Eocene (41 million years ago), a time of Greenhouse Earthcharacterized by no permanent polar ice, high CO2 (800 ppm), and temperatures about five degrees Celsius warmer than today. Seymour Island (West Antarctic Peninsula) hosted a diverse temperate rainforest before the onset of glaciation. The cooling process was triggered by the opening of the Drake Passage, which created the circum-polar current and isolated Antarctica from tropical warmth. Marine life included Pelagornis, a pseudo-toothed bird analogous to the albatross, and Basilosaurus, the first truly aquatic whale, which evolved from coastal predators. Despite the warmth, the Antarctic region still endured three months of total darkness in winter, requiring plants to drop their leaves. The conversation then shifts to the Paleocene following the K-Pg mass extinction. This extinction was caused by an exogenous asteroid strike in the Yucatan Peninsula, which halted photosynthesis worldwide for years due to atmospheric soot. Most animals larger than a small dog perished. The rapid diversification of mammals, specifically Eutherians (placental mammals), began immediately after the extinction event. Survival was facilitated by being small, insectivorous, and burrowing, which provided a stable environment against extreme temperature swings.

In this FAMM Research Series episode, Lisa explores groundbreaking research on the role of retinoic acid—the active form of vitamin A—in spermatogenesis, testosterone production, and overall male fertility. Discover why vitamin A may act as the biological "on/off" switch for sperm production, and how nutrient-dense foods like liver could play a pivotal role in male preconception care. Follow this link to view the full show notes page! This episode is sponsored by Lisa's new book Real Food for Fertility, co-authored with Lily Nichols! Grab your copy here!  Would you prefer to listen to the audiobook version of Real Food for Fertility instead?

Welcome to your weekly UAS News Update. We have three stories for you this week; DJI loses lawsuit against the Pentagon, DJI unveils new Mavic 3 Thermal Advanced, Freely releases the Ember FPV, and an Ohio bill to ban foreign made drones. Let's get to it.First up, DJI has lost its lawsuit challenging the Pentagon's "Chinese Military Company" designation. On September 26th, a U.S. District Judge rejected DJI's challenge, upholding the national security threat classification. The ruling leaves DJI facing major business restrictions and the very real possibility of an automatic product ban.This is because its technology has "substantial theoretical and actual military application," regardless of DJI's own policies against military use. DJI argued that its founder and early investors control 88% of the stock and over 99% of voting rights, but the judge ruled that the ownership structure was "difficult to discern."This is a massive disruption, considering DJI accounts for over 76% of registered drones in the U.S. For public safety agencies, the costs are staggering. The Department of Interior documented price increases from $2,600 to over $15,000 per unit when switching from DJI to approved domestic drones.The biggest threat, however, is a looming deadline. The 2025 National Defense Authorization Act mandates a security review by December 23, 2025. If no federal agency completes this review, DJI will automatically be added to the FCC's Covered List.In some new product news, DJI has quietly launched the Mavic 3TA, an advanced thermal version of its Mavic 3 Enterprise series. This seems to be an iterative update focused on boosting real-world utility for professionals in search and rescue, public safety, and inspections.The Mavic 3TA features an uncooled VOx microbolometer with an 8-micrometer pixel pitch. This smaller pixel pitch should provide finer detail and more accurate temperature readings. The thermal lens also has a longer 60-millimeter equivalent focal length, compared to the 40-millimeter on the 3T. The temperature measurement range is still robust, from -20 to 500 degrees Celsius.It keeps the same compact, foldable design, weighing 920 grams. It has a 45-minute flight time, omnidirectional obstacle sensing, and an IP54 weather resistance rating. The visual cameras are the same as the 3T, with a 48-megapixel wide-angle camera using a 1/2-inch CMOS sensor and a 12-megapixel telephoto lens with a 56x hybrid zoom.Next up, Freefly released the Ember FPV drone, a 500g FPV drone with a high-speed camera on it. By high speed, I mean somewhere between 600 and 3000 fps. While specs aren't yet public on this guy, it looks to be a huge upgrade from the exiting cinelifters we see carry larger cameras.There's also a new bill in Ohio this week, which would ban drones made by a foreign adversary. Of course, AUVSI is in support of stripping public safety agencies from using the best possible equipment, as they've pushed for in other states. If you haven't yet written your comment for Part 108, time is running out. You have until Monday at 11:59PM ET to get your comments in. It's extremely important that you voice your opinions.Like every week, we'll discuss these stories in depth and share our opinions on Post Flight in the premium community. We'll see you there and we'll see you on Monday for the live! https://www.legislature.ohio.gov/legislation/136/sb180https://search-prod.lis.state.oh.us/api/v2/general_assembly_136/legislation/sb180/00_IN/pdf/https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/urn:li:activity:7378982847786823682/?originTrackingId=WoVXzy9%2B7TVAhS3oVQkgHA%3D%3Dhttps://www.regulations.gov/document/FAA-2025-1908-0023/commenthttps://dronexl.co/2025/09/29/dji-unveils-mavic-3ta-enterprise-drone-with-upgraded-thermal-tech/https://dronexl.co/2025/09/26/dji-loses-pentagon-lawsuit/

Sauna sessions aren't just about sweating it out — they can support cardiovascular health, reduce stress, and even play a role in longevity. But how hot does it need to be, and how long should you actually stay in?   Dr. Andrew Fix takes a closer look at deliberate heat exposure and what really happens when you step into a sauna or hot tub. From heart-healthy benefits that mirror light exercise, to the release of growth hormone and endorphins, he breaks down the science in simple terms. You'll also hear practical protocols on temperature ranges, timing, and why consistency is more important than the type of sauna you choose.   This episode blends research with actionable steps so you can use heat exposure, whether through a sauna or hot tub, in a way that supports your health and performance goals.   Quotes “If you're hoping to reap any sort of health related benefits, being consistent is really what's going to take the cake. If you aren't, it won't matter what type of sauna you have, because you're not going to benefit from it if you're not using it.” (03:23 | Dr. Andrew Fix) “Research articles actually show a reduction in what's called all-cause mortality. And that basically just means no matter what you die from, it could be anything, People that use saunas regularly compared to those who don't see a reduction in all-cause mortality.”  (06:05 | Dr. Andrew Fix) “In order for some of these benefits to peak, the sauna needs to be 80 to 100 degrees Celsius. Or for those of us who tend to measure things in Fahrenheit, like myself, that's 176 to 212 degrees Fahrenheit.”  (13:06 | Dr. Andrew Fix) “When you break down how long you should be in there, it looks like a range of somewhere between five and 20 minutes a couple of times a week, two to three times a week.” (13:52 | Dr. Andrew Fix) “A slight difference in the protocol…was to use the sauna for at least 57 minutes or an hour a week, but with the recommendation being to split that up over multiple days.” (17:57 | Dr. Andrew Fix) Links SideKick Tool   Movemate: Award-Winning Active Standing Board 15% off Promo Code: DRA15   RAD Roller   Revogreen   HYDRAGUN    Athletic Brewing 20% off: ANDREWF20   Connect with Physio Room: Website Instagram Facebook Andrew's Personal Instagram Andrew's Personal Facebook     Podcast production and show notes provided by HiveCast.fm

Hey guys, what you are about to listen to is an extremely graphic episode that will contain many scenes of gore, rape, human experimentation, honestly it will run the gambit. If you got a weak stomach, this episode might not be for you. You have been warned.  I just want to take a chance to say a big thanks to all of you guys who decided to join the patreon, you guys are awesome! Please leave a comment on this episode to let me know what more you want to hear about in the future. With all of that said and done lets jump right into it.   Where to begin with this one? Let start off with one of the major figures of Unit 731, Shiro Ishii. Born June 25th, 1892 in the village of Chiyoda Mura in Kamo District of Chiba Prefecture, Ishii was the product of his era. He came from a landowning class, had a very privileged childhood. His primary and secondary schoolmates described him to be brash, abrasive and arrogant. He was a teacher's pet, extremely intelligent, known to have excellent memory. He grew up during Japans ultra militarism/nationalism age, thus like any of his schoolmates was drawn towards the military. Less than a month after graduating from the Medical department of Kyoto Imperial University at the age of 28, he began military training as a probation officer in the 3rd regiment of the Imperial Guards division. Within 6 months he became a surgeon 1st Lt. During his postgraduate studies at Kyoto Imperial university he networked successfully to climb the career ladder. As a researcher he was sent out to help cure an epidemic that broke out in Japan. It was then he invented a water filter that could be carried alongside the troops.   He eventually came across a report of the Geneva Protocol and conference reports of Harada Toyoji as well as other military doctors. He became impressed with the potential of chemical and biological warfare. During WW1 chemical warfare had been highly explored, leading 44 nations to pass the Geneva Protocol or more specifically  “Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare”. Representatives from Japan were present at this conference and were involving in the drafting and signing of the Geneva Protocol, but it was not ratified in Japan at the time. Ishii's university mentor, Kiyano Kenji suggested he travel western countries and he did so for 2 years. Many nations were secretive about their research, but some places such as MIT were quite open. After his visit Ishii came to believe Japan was far behind everyone else in biological warfare research. After returning to Japan Ishii became an instructor at the Imperial Japanese Army Medical School. Japan of course lacked significant natural resources, thus it was a perfect nation to pursue biological weapons research. Ishii began lobbying the IJA, proposing to establish a military agency to develop biological weapons. One of his most compelling arguments was “that biological warfare must possess distinct possibilities, otherwise, it would not have been outlawed by the League of Nations.”   Ishii networked his way into good favor with the Minister of Health, Koizumi Chikahiko who lended his support in August of 1932 to allow Ishii to head an Epidemic Prevention Laboratory. Ishii secured a 1795 square meter complex at the Army Medical College. Yet this did not satisfy Ishii, it simply was not the type of work he wanted to do. The location of Tokyo allowed too many eyes on his work, he could not perform human experimentation. For what he wanted to do, he had to leave Japan, and in the 1930's Japan had a few colonies or sphere's of influence, the most appetizing one being Manchuria. In 1932 alongside his childhood friend Masuda Tomosada, Ishii took a tour of Harbin and he fell in love with the location.   During the 1930's Harbin was quite a cosmopolitan city, it was a major trading port and diverse in ethnicities and religions. Here there were Mongols, Russians, Chinese, Japanese, various other western groups in lesser numbers. Just about every religion was represented, it was a researcher's paradise for subjects. Ishii sought human experimentation and needed to find somewhere covert with maximum secrecy. He chose a place in the Nan Gang District of Beiyinhe village, roughly 70 kms southeast of Harbin. It was here and then he began human experimentation. One day in 1932, Ishii and the IJA entered the village and evacuated an entire block where Xuan Hua and Wu Miao intersected. They began occupying a multi-use structure that had been supporting 100 Chinese vendors who sold clothes and food to the locals. They then began drafting Chinese laborers to construct the Zhong Ma complex to house the “Togo Unit” named after the legendary admiral, Togo Heihachiro. The Chinese laborers were underpaid and under constant watch from Japanese guards, limiting their movement and preventing them from understanding what they were building, or what was occurring within the complex. The complex was built in under a year, it held 100 rooms, 3 meter high brick walls and had an electric fence surrounding the perimeter. One thousand captives at any given time could be imprisoned within the complex. To ensure absolute secrecy, security guards patrolled the complex 24/7. Saburo Endo, director of Operations for the Kwantung Army once inspected the Togo Unit and described it in his book “The Fifteen Years' Sino-Japanese War and Me”, as such:   [It was] converted from a rather large soy sauce workshop, surrounded by high rammed earth wall. All the attending military doctors had pseudonyms, and they were strictly regulated and were not allowed to communicate with the outsiders. The name of the unit was “Tōgō Unit.” One by one, the subjects of the experiments were imprisoned in a sturdy iron lattice and inoculated with various pathogenic bacteria to observe changes in their conditions. They used prisoners on death row in the prisons of Harbin for these experiments. It was said that it was for national defense purposes, but the experiments were performed with appalling brutality.The dead were burned in high-voltage electric furnaces, leaving no trace.    A local from the region added this about the complex “We heard rumors of people having blood drawn in there but we never went near the place. We were too afraid. When the construction started, there were about forty houses in our village, and a lot of people were driven out. About one person from each home was taken to work on the construction. People were gathered from villages from all around here, maybe about a thousand people in all. The only things we worked on were the surrounding wall and the earthen walls. The Chinese that worked on the buildings were brought in from somewhere, but we didn't know where. After everything was finished, those people were killed.”    Despite all the secrecy, it was soon discovered prisoners were being taken, primarily from the CCP and bandits who were being subjected to tests. One such test was to gradually drain a victim of blood to see at what point they would die. The unit drew 500 cc of blood from each prisoner every 3-5 days. As their bodies drew weaker, they were dissected for further research, the average prisoner lasted a maximum of a month. Due to the climate of Manchuria, it was soon established that finding methods to treat frostbite would benefit the Kwantung army. Ishii's team gathered human subjects and began freezing and unfreezing them. Sometimes these experiments included observing test subjects whose limbs had been frozen and severed. The Togo team reported to General Okamura Yasuji, the deputy commander in chief of the Kwantung army from 1933-1934 that the best way to treat frostbite was to soak a limb in 37 degree water. According to the testimony of a witness named Furuichi at trial done in Khabarovsk , “Experiments in freezing human beings were performed every year in the detachment, in the coldest months of the year—November, December, January and February. The experimental technique was as follows: the test subjects were taken out into the frost at about 11 o'clock at night, compelled to dip their hands into a barrel of cold water and forced to stand with wet hands in the frost for a long time. Alternatively, some were taken out dressed, but with bare feet and compelled to stand at night in the frost during the coldest period of the year. When frostbite had developed, the subjects were taken to a room and forced to put their feet in water of 5 degrees Celsius, after which the temperature was gradually increased.”   Sergeant Major Kurakazu who was with Unit 731 later on in 1940 and taken prisoner by the Soviets in 1945 stated during the Khabarovsk trial , “I saw experiments performed on living people for the first time in December 1940. I was shown these experiments by researcher Yoshimura, a member of the 1st Division. These experiments were performed in the prison laboratory. When I walked into the prison laboratory, ve Chinese experimentees were sitting there; two of these Chinese had no fingers at all, their hands were black; in those of three others the bones were visible. They had fingers, but they were only bones. Yoshimura told me that this was the result of freezing experiments.”   According to Major Karasawa during the same trial Ishii became curious about using plague as a weapon of war and captured plague infected mice to test on subjects in the Zhong Ma Complex “Ishii told me that he had experimented with cholera and plague on the mounted bandits of Manchuria during 1933-1934 and discovered that the plague was effective.”   According to Lt General Endo Saburo's diary entry on November 16th of 1933, at the Zhong Ma complex “The second squad which was responsible for poison gas, liquid poison; and the First Squad which was responsible for electrical experiments. Two bandits were used by each squad for the experiments.  Phosgene gas—5-minute injection of gas into a brick-lined room; the subject was still alive one day aer inhalation of gas; critically ill with pneumonia.  Potassium cyanide—the subject was injected with 15 mg.; subject lost consciousness approximately 20 minutes later.  20,000 volts—several jolts were not enough to kill the subject; injection of poison required to kill the subject.  5000 volts—several jolts were not enough; aer several minutes of continuous current, subject was burned to death.”    The Togo Unit established a strict security system to keep its research highly confidential. Yet in 1934, 16 Chinese prisoners escaped, compromising the Zhong Ma location. One of the guards had gotten drunk and a prisoner named Li smashed a bottle over his head and stole his keys. He freed 15 other prisoners and of them 4 died of cold, hunger and other ailments incurred by the Togo unit. 12 managed to flee to the 3rd route army of the Northeast Anti Japanese united Army. Upon hearing the horrifying report, the 3rd route army attacked the Togo unit at Beiyinhe and within a year, the Zhong Ma complex was exploded.    After the destruction of the Zhong Ma complex, Ishii needed a better structure. The Togo unit had impressed their superior and received a large budget. Then on May 30th of 1936 Emperor Hirohito authorized the creation of Unit 731. Thus Ishii and his colleagues were no longer part of the Epidemic Prevention Institute of the Army Medical School, now they were officially under the Kwantung Army as the Central Epidemic Prevention and Water Purification Department. Their new HQ was located in Pingfan, closer to Harbin. Their initial budget was 3 million yen for the personnel, 200-300 thousand yen per autonomous unit and 6 million yen for experimentation and research. Thus their new annual budget was over 10 million yen.    Pingfan was evacuated by the Kwantung army. Hundreds of families were forced to move out and sell their land at cheap prices. To increase security this time, people required a special pass to enter Pingfan. Then the airspace over the area became off-limits, excluding IJA aircraft, all violators would be shot down. The new Pingfan complex was within a walled city with more than 70 buildings over a 6 km tract of land. The complex's huge size drew some international attention, and when asked what the structure was, the scientists replied it was a lumber mill. Rather grotesquely, prisoners would be referred to as “maruta” or “logs” to keep up the charade. Suzuki, a Japanese construction company back then, worked day and night to construct the complex.    Now many of you probably know a bit about Unit 731, but did you know it's one of countless units?  The Army's Noborito Laboratory was established (1937) The Central Epidemic Prevention and Water Purification Department of the North China Army/ Unit 1855 was established (1938)  The Central Epidemic Prevention and Water Purification Department of Central China/ Unit 1644 (1939)  Thee Guangzhou Epidemic Prevention and Water Purification Department of South China Army/ Unit 8604 (1942)  The Central Epidemic Prevention and Water Purification Department of the Southern Expeditionary Army/ Unit 9620 (1942).    There were countless others, detachments included Unit 1855 in Beijing, Unit Ei 1644 in Nanjing, Unit 8604 in Guangzhou, and later Unit 9420 in Singapore. All of these units comprised Ishii's network, which, at its height in 1939, oversaw over 10,000 personnel.   Victims were normally brought to Pingfan during the dead of night within crammed freight cars with number logs on top. They were brought into the building via a secret tunnel. According to a witness named Fang Shen Yu, technicians in white lab coats handled the victims who were tied in bags. The victims included anyone charge with a crime, could be anti-japanese activity, opium smoking, espionage, being a communist, homelessness, being mentally handicap, etc. Victims included chinese, Mongolians, Koreans, White Russians, Harbin's jewish population and any Europeans accused of espionage. During the Khabarovsk trial, Major Iijima Yoshia admitted to personally subjecting 40 Soviet citizens to human experimentation. Harbin's diversity provided great research data. Each prisoner was assigned a number starting with 101 and ending at 1500. Onec 1500 was reached, they began again at 101, making it nearly impossible to estimate the total number of victims. Since the complex had been labeled a lumber mill to the locals, most did not worry about it or were too afraid to do so. The prison's warden was Ishii's brother Mitsuo who made sure to keep it all a secret.    Ethics did not exist within Ishii's network of horrors. Everything was done efficiently in the name of science. Pingfang was equipped for disposing the evidence of their work in 3 large incinerators. As a former member who worked with the incinerators recalled “the bodies always burned up fast because all the organ were gone; the bodies were empty”. Human experimentation allowed the researchers their first chance to actually examine the organs of a living person at will to see the progress of a disease. Yeah you heard me right, living person, a lot of the vivisections were done on live people. As one former researcher explained "the results of the effects of infection cannot be obtained accurately once the person dies because putrefactive bacteria set in. Putrefactive bacteria are stronger than plague germs. So, for obtaining accurate results, it is important whether the subject is alive or not." Another former researcher said this “"As soon as the symptoms were observed, the prisoner was taken from his cell and into the dissection room. He was stripped and placed on the table, screaming, trying to fight back. He was strapped down, still screaming frightfully. One of the doctors stuffed a towel into his mouth, then with one quick slice of the scalpel he was opened up." Witnesses of some of these vivisections reported that victims usually let out a horrible scream when the initial cuts were made, but that the voice stops soon after. The researchers often removed the organ of interest, leaving others in the body and the victims usually died of blood loss or because of the removed organ. There are accounts of experiments benign carried out on mothers and children, because yes children were in fact born in the facilities. Many human specimens were placed in jars to be viewed by Tokyo's army medical college. Sometimes these jars were filled with limbs or organs but some giant ones had entire bodies.   Vivisection was conducted on human beings to observe how disease affected each organ once a human dies. According to testimony given by a technician named Ogawa Fukumatsu “I participated in vivisections. I did them every day. I cannot remember the amount of people dissected. At first, I refused to do it. But then, they would not allow me to eat because it was an order; gradually I changed.” Another technician Masakuni Kuri testified  “I did vivisection at the time. Experiments were conducted on a Chinese woman with syphilis. Because she was alive, the blood poured out like water from a tap.”   A report done by Shozo Kondo studied the effects of bubonic plague on humans. The number of subjects was 57 with age ranging from toddlers to 80 years old with mixed gender. The study used fleas carrying plague that were dispersed upon the local population in June of 1940 at Changchun. 7 plague victims were Japanese residents. The report stated the plague spread because of lack of immunity by the townspeople. Subjects' survival time ranged from 2-5 days, with only 3 surviving 12, 18 and 21 days. The subjects were infected with Glandular, Cutaneous or Septicemic plague, but most had the Glandular variety.     In addition to the central units of Pingfang were others set up in Beijing, Nanjing, Guangzhou and Singapore. The total number of personnel was 20,000. These satellite facilities all had their own unique horror stories. One was located in Anda, 100km from Pingfang where outdoor tests for plague, cholera and other pathogens were down. They would expose human subjects to biological bombs, typically by putting 10-40 people in the path of a biological bomb. A lot of the research was done to see the effective radius of the bombs, so victims were placed at different distances. At Xinjing was Unit 100 and its research was done against domesticated animals, horses particularly. Unit 100 was a bacteria factory producing glanders, anthrax and other pathogens. They often ran tests by mixing poisons with food and studied its effects on animals, but they also researched chemical warfare against crops. At Guangzhou was unit 8604 with its HQ at Zhongshan medical university. It is believed starvation tests ran there, such as the water test I mentioned. They also performed typhoid tests and bred rats to spread plague. Witness testimony from a Chinese volunteer states they often dissolved the bodies of victims in acid. In Beijing was Unit 1855 which was a combination of a prison and experiment center. They ran plague, cholera and typhus tests. Prisoners were forced to ingest mixtures of germs and some were vaccinated against the ailments. In Singapore after its capture in February of 1942 there was a secret laboratory. One Mr. Othman Wok gave testimony in the 1990s that when he was 17 years old he was employed to work at this secret lab. He states 7 Chinese, Indian and Malay boys worked in the lab, picking fleas from rats and placing them in containers. Some 40 rat catchers, would haul rats to the lab for the boys to do their work. The containers with fleas went to Japanese researchers and Othman says he saw rats being injected with plague pathogens. The fleas were transferred to kerosene cans which contained dried horse blood and an unidentified chemical left to breed for weeks. Once they had plague infected fleas in large quantity Othman said "A driver who drove the trucks which transported the fleas to the railway station said that these bottles of fleas were sent off to Thailand." If this is true, it gives evidence to claims Unit 731 had a branch in Thailand as well. Othman stated he never understood or knew what was really going on at the lab, but when he read in 1944 about biological attacks on Chongqing using fleas, he decided to leave the lab. Othman states the unit was called Unit 9240.  As you can imagine rats and insects played a large role in all of this. They harvested Manchuria rat population and enlisted schoolchildren to raise them. In the 1990s the Asahi Broadcasting company made a documentary titled “the mystery of the rats that went to the continent”. It involved a small group of high school children in Saitama prefecture asked local farmers if they knew anything about rat farming during the war years. Many stated everybody back then was raising rats, it was a major source of income. One family said they had rat cages piled up in a shed, each cage built to carry 6 rat, but they had no idea what the rats were being used for. Now hear this, after the war, the US military kept these same families in business. The US army unit 406 which was established in Tokyo to research viruses wink wink, would often drive out to these farms in their american jeeps collecting rats.  Getting fleas was a much tricker task. One method was taking older Chinese prisoners and quarantining them with clothes carrying flea or flea eggs and allowing them to live in isolated rooms to cultivate more fleas. These poor guys had to live in filth and not shave for weeks to produce around 100 fleas a day. Now Unit 731 dealt with numerous diseases such as Cholera.  Some experiments used dogs to spread cholera to villages. They would steal dogs from villages, feed them pork laced with cholera germs and return them to the villages. When the disease finished incubating the dogs would vomit and other dogs would come and eat the vomit spread it more and more. The dogs were also stricken with diarrhea and the feces spread it to other dogs as well. 20% of the people in villages hit by this died of the disease. Former army captain Kojima Takeo was a unit member involved in a Cholera campaign and added this testimony "We were told that we were going out on a cholera campaign, and we were all given inoculations against cholera ten days before starting out. Our objective was to infect all the people in the area. The disease had already developed before we got there, and as we moved into the village everyone scattered. The only ones left were those who were too sick to move. The number of people coming down with the disease kept increasing. Cholera produces a face like a skeleton, vomiting, and diarrhea. And the vomiting and defecating of the people lying sick brought flies swarming around. One after the other, people died." I've mentioned it a lot, Plague was a staple of Unit 731. The IJA wanted a disease that was fast and fatal, Cholera for instance took about 20 days, plague on the other hand starts killing in 3 days. Plague also has a very long history of use going back to the medieval times. It was one of the very first diseases Ishii focused on. In october of 1940 a plague attack was conducted against the Kaimingjie area in the port city of Ningbo. This was a joint operation with Unit 731 and the Nanjing based Unit 1644. During this operation plague germs were mixed with wheat, corn, cloth scraps and cotton and dropped from the air. More than 100 people died within a few days of the attack and the affected area was sealed off from the public until the 1960s.  Another horrifying test was the frostbite experiments. Army Engineer Hisato Yoshimura conducted these types of experiments by taking prisoners outside, dipping various appendages into water of varying temperatures and allowing the limbs to freeze. Once frozen, Yoshimura would strike their affected limbs with a short stick and in his words “they would emit a sound resembling that which a board gives when it is struck”. Ice was then chipping away with the affected area being subjected to various treatments, such as being doused in water, exposed to heat and so on. I have to mentioned here, that to my shock there is film of these specific frostbite experiments and one of our animators at Kings and Generals found it, I have seen a lot of things in my day, but seeing this was absolute nightmare fuel. If you have seen the movie or series Snowpiercer, they pretty much nail what it looked like.  Members of Unit 731 referred to Yoshimura as a “scientific devil” and a “cold blooded animal” because he would conduct his work with strictness. Naoji Uezono another member of Unit 731, described in a 1980s interview a disgusting scene where Yoshimura had "two naked men put in an area 40–50 degrees below zero and researchers filmed the whole process until [the subjects] died. [The subjects] suffered such agony they were digging their nails into each other's flesh". Yoshimuras lack of any remorse was evident in an article he wrote for the Journal of Japanese Physiology in 1950 where he admitted to using 20 children and 3 day old infant in experiments which exposed them to zero degree celsius ice and salt water. The article drew criticism and no shit, but Yoshimura denied any guilt when contacted by a reporter from the Mainichi Shimbun. Yoshimura developed a “resistance index of frostbite” based on the mean temperature of 5 - 30 minutes after immersion in freezing water, the temperature of the first rise after immersion and the time until the temperature first rises after immersion. In a number of separate experiments he determined how these parameters depended on the time of day a victim's body part was immersed in freezing water, the surrounding temperature and humidity during immersion, how the victim had been treated before the immersion ("after keeping awake for a night", "after hunger for 24 hours", "after hunger for 48 hours", "immediately after heavy meal", "immediately after hot meal", "immediately after muscular exercise", "immediately after cold bath", "immediately after hot bath"), what type of food the victim had been fed over the five days preceding the immersions with regard to dietary nutrient intake ("high protein (of animal nature)", "high protein (of vegetable nature)", "low protein intake", and "standard diet"), and salt intake. Members of Unit 731 also worked with Syphilis, where they orchestrated forced sex acts between infected and noninfected prisoners to transmit the disease. One testimony given by a prisoner guard was as follows “Infection of venereal disease by injection was abandoned, and the researchers started forcing the prisoners into sexual acts with each other. Four or five unit members, dressed in white laboratory clothing completely covering the body with only eyes and mouth visible, rest covered, handled the tests. A male and female, one infected with syphilis, would be brought together in a cell and forced into sex with each other. It was made clear that anyone resisting would be shot.” After victims were infected, they would be vivisected at differing stages of infection so that the internal and external organs could be observed as the disease progressed. Testimony from multiple guards blamed the female victims as being hosts of the diseases, even as they were forcibly infected. Genitals of female prisoners were infected with syphilis and the guards would call them “jam filled buns”. Even some children were born or grew up in the walls of Unit 731, infected with syphilis. One researcher recalled “one was a Chinese women holding an infant, one was a white russian woman with a daughter of 4 or 5 years of age, and the last was a white russian women with a boy of about 6 or 7”. The children of these women were tested in ways similar to the adults.  There was also of course rape and forced pregnancies as you could guess. Female prisoners were forced to become pregnant for use in experiments. The hypothetical possibility of transmission from mother to child of diseases, particularly syphilis was the rationale for the experiments. Fetal survival and damage to the womans reproductive organs were objects of interest. A large number of babies were born in captivity and there had been no accounts of any survivor of Unit 731, children included. It is suspected that the children of the female prisoners were killed after birth or aborted. One guard gave a testimony “One of the former researchers I located told me that one day he had a human experiment scheduled, but there was still time to kill. So he and another unit member took the keys to the cells and opened one that housed a Chinese woman. One of the unit members raped her; the other member took the keys and opened another cell. There was a Chinese woman in there who had been used in a frostbite experiment. She had several fingers missing and her bones were black, with gangrene set in. He was about to rape her anyway, then he saw that her sex organ was festering, with pus oozing to the surface. He gave up the idea, left and locked the door, then later went on to his experimental work.” In a testimony given on December 28 by witness Furuichi during the Khabarovsk Trial, he described how “a Russian woman was infected with syphilis to allow the scientists to and out how to prevent the spread of the disease.  Many babies were born to women who had been captured and become experimental subjects. Some women were kidnapped while pregnant; others became pregnant aer forced sex acts in the prisons, enabling researchers to study the transmission of venereal disease   Initially Unit 731 and Unit 100 were going to support Japan's Kantokuen plan. The Kantokuen plan an operation plan to be carried out by the Kwantung army to invade the USSR far east, capitalizing on the success of operation barbarossa. Unit 731 and 100 were to prepare bacteriological weapons to help the invasion. The plan was created by the IJA general staff and approved by Emperor Hirohito. It would have involved three-steps to isolate and destroy the Soviet Army and occupy the eastern soviet cities over the course of 6 months. It would have involved heavy use of chemical and biological weapons. The Japanese planned to spread disease using three methods; direct spraying from aircraft, bacteria bombs and saboteurs on the ground. This would have included plague, cholera, typhus and other diseases against troops, civilian populations, livestocks, crops and water supplies. The main targets were Blagoveshchensk, Khabarovsk, Voroshilov, and Chita. If successful the Soviet Far East would be incorporated into Japan's greater east asia co-prosperity sphere. Within Kantokuen documents, Emperor Hirohtio instructed Ishii to increase production rate at the units, for those not convinced Hirohito was deeply involved in some of the worst actions of the war. Yet in the end both Emperor Hirohito and Hideki Tojo pulled their support for the invasion of the USSR and opted for the Nanshin-ron strategy instead.    On August 9th of 1945 the Soviet Union declared war on Japan and invaded Manchuria. In response, the Japanese government ordered all research facilities in Manchuria to be destroyed and to erase all incriminating materials. A skeleton crew began the liquidation of unit 731 on August 9th or 10th, while the rest of the unit evacuated. All test subjects were killed and cremated so no remains would be found. The design of the facilities however, made them hard to destroy via bombing, several parts of the buildings left standing when the Soviets arrived. While most of the unit's staff managed to escape, including Ishii, some were captured by the soviets. Some of these prisoners told the Soviets about the atrocities committed at Pingfang and Changchun. At first the claims seemed so outrageous, the Soviets sent their own Biological Weapons specialists to examine the ruins of Ping Fang. After a thorough investigation, the Soviet experts confirmed the experiments had been done there. The real soviet investigation into the secrets of Unit 731 and 100 began in early 1946, thus information was not readily available during the Tokyo Tribunal. Both the Americans and SOviets had collected evidence during the war that indicated the Japanese were in possession of bacteriological weapons though. Amongst the 600,000 Japanese prisoners of war in the USSR, Major General Kiyoshi Kawashima and Major Tomoio Karasawa would become essential to uncovering the Japanese bacteriological warfare secrets and opening the path to hold the Khabarovsk trial. The Soviets and Americans spent quite a few years performing investigations, many of which led to no arrests. The major reason for this was similar to Operation Paperclip. For those unaware, paperclip was a American secret intelligence program where 1600 German scientists were taken after the war and employed, many of whom were nazi party officials. The most famous of course was Wernher von Braun. When the Americans looked into the Japanese bacteriological work, they were surprised to find the Japanese were ahead of them in some specific areas, notably ones involving human experimentation. General Charles Willoughby of G-2 american intelligence called to attention that all the data extracted from live human testing was out of the reach of the USA. By the end of 1947, with the CCP looking like they might defeat Chiang Kai-Shek and the Soviet Union proving to be their new enemy, the US sought to form an alliance with Japan, and this included their Bacteriological specialists. From October to December, Drs Edwin Hill and Joseph Victor from Camp Detrick were sent to Tokyo to gather information from Ishii and his colleagues. Their final conclusion laid out the importance of continuing to learn from the Japanese teams, and grant them immunity. The British were also receiving some reports from the Americans about the Japanese Bacteriological research and human experimentation. The British agreed with the Americans that the information was invaluable due to the live human beings used in the tests. The UK and US formed some arrangements to retain the information and keep it secret. By late 1948 the Tokyo War Crimes Trial was coming to an end as the cold war tension was heating up in Korea, pushing the US more and more to want to retain the information and keep it all under wraps.  With formal acceptance, final steps were undertaken, much of which was overseen by General Douglas MacArthur. On May 6, 1947, Douglas MacArthur wrote to Washington that "additional data, possibly some statements from Ishii probably can be obtained by informing Japanese involved that information will be retained in intelligence channels and will not be employed as 'War Crimes' evidence.” Ishii and his colleagues received full immunity from the Tokyo War Crimes Trial. Ishii was hired by the US government to lecture American officers at Fort Detrick on bioweapons and the findings made by Unit 731. During the Korean War Ishii reportedly traveled to Korea to take part in alleged American biological warfare activities. On February 22nd of 1952, Ishiiwas explicitly named in a statement made by the North Korean FOreign Minister, claiming he along with other "Japanese bacteriological war criminals had been involved in systematically spreading large quantities of bacteria-carrying insects by aircraft in order to disseminate contagious diseases over our frontline positions and our rear". Ishii would eventually return to Japan, where he opened a clinic, performing examinations and treatments for free. He would die from laryngeal cancer in 1959 and according to his daughter became a Roman Catholic shortly before his death.  According to an investigation by The Guardian, after the war, former members of Unit 731 conducted human experiments on Japanese prisoners, babies, and mental patients under the guise of vaccine development, with covert funding from the U.S. government. Masami Kitaoka, a graduate of Unit 1644, continued performing experiments on unwilling Japanese subjects from 1947 to 1956 while working at Japan's National Institute of Health Sciences. He infected prisoners with rickettsia and mentally ill patients with typhus. Shiro Ishii, the chief of the unit, was granted immunity from prosecution for war crimes by American occupation authorities in exchange for providing them with human experimentation research materials. From 1948 to 1958, less than five percent of these documents were transferred to microfilm and stored in the U.S. National Archives before being shipped back to Japan.

Arif and James are back to discuss the loss to the Steelers in Dublin. We go over the play of Wentz, the offensive line, and who was responsible for the DK Metcalf touchdown.  You can become a sustaining member of the show and access exclusive content at  Arif - @Arifhasannfl James - @bigmono Please send any questions or feedback to  or tweet to @norsecodeDN. If you like our show please donate to We have merch! You can visit our shop at: Also a special thank you to DrawPlayDave for our new logo and merchandise design! You can follow him on bluesky @thedrawplay.com‬ and visit his main comic page here:

In this groundbreaking episode, Dr. Sarah Hill explores the misunderstood "dark half" of the menstrual cycle, revealing how progesterone shapes mood, metabolism, immunity, and women's overall health. Follow this link to view the full show notes page! This episode is sponsored by Lisa's new book Real Food for Fertility, co-authored with Lily Nichols! Grab your copy here!  Would you prefer to listen to the audiobook version of Real Food for Fertility instead?

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The Alan Cox Show

What separates beverage brands that break out from those that burn out? In this episode, industry veteran Ken Sadowsky – often known by his sobriquet, the “Beverage Whisperer” – offers a behind-the-scenes look at what's working (and what's not) in the fiercely competitive drinks industry.  Ken, who is the executive director of the Northeastern Independent Distributors Association (NIDA) and a senior advisor with Belgium-based investment firm Verlivest, draws from decades of experience and shares practical, battle-tested insights, from store checks in NYC bodegas to the growing influence of non-alcoholic spirits. He dives into a range of hot-button topics, including the ROI of trade shows like Expo West, the crucial role of effective packaging, and the delicate balance between innovation and consumer confusion. Along the way, he shares candid opinions on up-and-coming brands, expressing optimism for some while voicing skepticism toward others. Show notes: 0:25: Interview: Ken Sadowsky, Sr. Advisor, Verlinvest – Ken Sadowsky talks about his passion for conducting store checks to stay current on emerging brands and trends and emphasizes the importance of trying new products, especially in diverse markets like New York City. He also explains how his background as a distributor and investor informs his observations and why advises early-stage founders to perfect their product in their hometowns before attempting to break into bigger markets. He and Ray sample a non-alcoholic margarita from Pentire and a collagen-infused sparkling water from Liquid Youth. They then discuss the rise of ANA beverages and the evolution of sweeteners in better-for-you sodas. Ken acknowledges Poppi's branding success and PepsiCo's acquisition of the company, but he remains skeptical about the long-term viability of the prebiotic soda category. The conversation continues with an exploration of the value of trade shows like Expo West, why ROI can be elusive and difficult to quantify, and his advice for startups with limited budgets. Ken and Ray sample more brands, including Fhirst, a U.K.-based probiotic soda brand, and Orange Toucan, a moringa-infused beverage. The discussion turns to the meaning of innovation in CPG, as Ken defines it as introducing something truly new, ideally with a functional or sustainability benefit that can reach mainstream audiences. They wrap the episode by spotlighting 67 Water, a culturally resonant brand targeting Gen Z and Gen Alpha; Glucosal, a Guatemalan electrolyte beverage only distributed in Miami; and Cadence, an isotonic drink brand. Brands in this episode: Liquid Youth, Poppi, Olipop, Liquid I.V., Celsius, Prime, Red Bull, Vitaminwater, Hint, 67 Water, Cadence, Pentire, Orange Toucan, Ringa, Kuli Kuli, Glucosal, Woody Creek Distillers, Mountain Dew, Vita Coco, Fhirst, Casa Azul, Bud Light, Electrolit, AriZona Beverages, GNGR Labs, MOTH Drinks  

This week, we celebrate my 32nd year with a thoughtful (?) gift from Jack, dive deeper into the ongoing water bottle saga, and debate if our Labubu is counterfeit. EPISODE NOTES:A lunch beer just isn't the same in your 30s (0:36)Celsius flavors are a little out of whack (4:11)A second episode is coming later this week for an interview with WNYT''s Mark Mulholland (6:00)Nobody Asked Me. But... (10:27)I totally forgot how Bobbi Altoff got famous and now I am fuming!!! (13:40)Is a Stewart's gift card an appropriate gift for a bride-to-be? (25:30)Peaks and Pits presented by the Bud Light Fan of the Week at The Bunker Saratoga (38:10)The Water Bottle Woes Continue (40:05)Assessing Farmacy Glens Falls' Street Corn (51:01)That's Nuts!!!! presented by Tierra Farm (1:17:23)

What happens when hormonal birth control criticism on TikTok is labeled “misinformation”? Lisa explores the rise of social media health narratives and the implications for fertility awareness educators. Follow this link to view the full show notes page! This episode is sponsored by Lisa's new book Real Food for Fertility, co-authored with Lily Nichols! Grab your copy here!  Would you prefer to listen to the audiobook version of Real Food for Fertility instead?

In this episode of Tech Talks Daily, I'm joined by Todd Grabowski from Johnson Controls to unpack the physics, products, and design choices shaping the next generation of data center cooling. It's a practical conversation that moves from chips and compressors to water, power, and land constraints, and what it really takes to keep modern infrastructure reliable at scale. Todd brings three decades of experience to the table and a front-row view of how Johnson Controls and the York brand have kept their focus on energy efficiency, reliability, and sustainability for more than a century. That longevity matters when the market is moving fast. He explains why cooling now sits alongside power as the defining constraint for data centers, and why roughly forty percent of a facility's energy can be spent on cooling rather than computation. If you lead technology, finance, or facilities, that single number should focus the mind. Todd walks through Johnson Controls' YVAM platform and the York magnetic bearing centrifugal compressor at its core, with real numbers on what that means in practice. Consuming around forty percent less energy than typical cooling devices of the past five years and operating in ambient conditions up to fifty-five degrees Celsius, it is designed for the reality of hotter climates and denser loads. The naval pedigree of the driveline is a nice twist, since it was originally built for quiet and high-reliability conditions long before hyperscale data centers needed the same. Sustainability threads through the entire discussion. Todd lays out how the company holds itself to internal targets while engineering solutions that reduce customer resource use. We talk about closed-loop designs that do not consume water, careful refrigerant choices with ultra-low global warming potential, and product footprints that consider carbon impact from the start. It is a useful reminder that sustainability is a systems problem, not a single feature on a spec sheet. I was especially interested in the three resources Todd says every modern cooling strategy must balance. Land, because you need somewhere to reject heat. Power, because every watt pulled into cooling is a watt not used for compute. Water, because many regions are already under stress and consumption cannot be the answer. Good design weighs these factors against the climate, the workload profile, and the operational model, then standardizes wherever possible so the same unit can run efficiently in Scandinavia or Dubai without special tweaks. We also dig into what AI means internally for Johnson Controls. It is showing up in manufacturing lines, speeding up design cycles, and improving the fidelity of compressor and heat transfer models. That translates into quicker time to market and more confidence in performance envelopes. On the market side, Todd is clear that demand has not softened. If anything, efficiencies tend to unlock more use cases, and the net effect is more workloads and continued pressure on facilities to cool them well. If your team is wrestling with when to adopt liquid cooling, how to reduce PUE through smarter chiller choices, or how to plan for climate variability across a global footprint, this episode offers an honest, grounded view from someone who has shipped the hardware and lived with its trade-offs. It also doubles as a quiet celebration of engineering craft. The kind that rarely makes headlines, yet underpins everything we build in the AI age. ********* Visit the Sponsor of Tech Talks Network: Land your first job  in tech in 6 months as a Software QA Engineering Bootcamp with Careerist https://crst.co/OGCLA    

ACOG's 2025 consensus finally validates IUD insertion pain. Lisa breaks down what this means for practitioners and how to advocate for evidence-based pain management in cervical procedures. Follow this link to view the full show notes page! This episode is sponsored by Lisa's new book Real Food for Fertility, co-authored with Lily Nichols! Grab your copy here!  Would you prefer to listen to the audiobook version of Real Food for Fertility instead?