Podcasts about linezolid

Contributor: Jorge Chalit-Hernandez, OMS3 Educational Pearls: Serotonin syndrome occurs most commonly due to the combination of monoamine oxidase inhibition with concomitant serotonergic medications like SSRIs Examples of unexpected monoamine oxidase inhibitors Linezolid - a last-line antibiotic reserved for patients with true anaphylaxis to penicillins and cephalosporins Methylene blue - not mentioned in the podcast due to its uncommon usage for methemoglobinemia Other medications that can interact with SSRIs to cause serotonin syndrome Dextromethorphan - primarily an anti-tussive at sigma opioid receptors that also has serotonin reuptake inhibition Clinical presentation of serotonin syndrome Altered mental status Autonomic dysregulation leading to hypertension (most common), hypotension, and tachycardia Hyperthermia Neuromuscular hyperactivity - tremors, myoclonus, and hyperreflexia Hunter Criteria (high sensitivity and specificity for serotonin syndrome): Spontaneous clonus Inducible clonus + agitation or diaphoresis Ocular clonus + agitation or diaphoresis Tremor + hyperreflexia Hypertonia, temperature > 38º C, and ocular or inducible clonus Management of serotonin syndrome Primarily supportive - benzodiazepines can help treat hypertension, agitation, and hyperthermia. Patients often require repeated and higher dosing of benzodiazepines Avoid antipyretics to treat hyperthermia since the elevated temperature is due to sustained muscle contraction and not central temperature dysregulation In refractory patients, cyproheptadine (a 5HT2 antagonist) may be used as a second-line treatment Patients with temperatures > 41.1º C or 106º F require medically induced paralysis and intubation to control their temperature References Boyer EW, Shannon M. The serotonin syndrome [published correction appears in N Engl J Med. 2007 Jun 7;356(23):2437] [published correction appears in N Engl J Med. 2009 Oct 22;361(17):1714]. N Engl J Med. 2005;352(11):1112-1120. doi:10.1056/NEJMra041867 Dunkley EJ, Isbister GK, Sibbritt D, Dawson AH, Whyte IM. The Hunter Serotonin Toxicity Criteria: simple and accurate diagnostic decision rules for serotonin toxicity. QJM. 2003;96(9):635-642. doi:10.1093/qjmed/hcg109 Ramsay RR, Dunford C, Gillman PK. Methylene blue and serotonin toxicity: inhibition of monoamine oxidase A (MAO A) confirms a theoretical prediction. Br J Pharmacol. 2007;152(6):946-951. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707430 Schwartz AR, Pizon AF, Brooks DE. Dextromethorphan-induced serotonin syndrome. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2008;46(8):771-773. doi:10.1080/15563650701668625 Thomas CR, Rosenberg M, Blythe V, Meyer WJ 3rd. Serotonin syndrome and linezolid. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2004;43(7):790. doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000128830.13997.aa Summarized & Edited by Jorge Chalit, OMS3 Donate: https://emergencymedicalminute.org/donate/

Show notes at pharmacyjoe.com/episode968. In this episode, I'll discuss linezolid vs clindamycin for toxin inhibition in patients with invasive group A streptococcus infections. The post 968: Linezolid Instead of Clindamycin for Toxin Inhibition appeared first on Pharmacy Joe.

In this episode of Breakpoints' Dosing Consult series, Drs. Chuck Peloquin and Gerry Davies join Dr. Megan Klatt to discuss rifampin dosing for mycobacterial infections. Hear from the experts on if higher doses are really better, toxicity thresholds, and the role of alternative rifamycins for patients with MTB and NTMs. Learn more about the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists: https://sidp.org/About X: @SIDPharm (https://twitter.com/SIDPharm) Instagram: @SIDPharm (https://www.instagram.com/sidpharm/) Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/sidprx LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/sidp References: Efficacy and Safety of High-Dose Rifampin in Pulmonary Tuberculosis. A Randomized Controlled Trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2018 Sep 1;198(5):657-666. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201712-2524OC. Rifampin vs. rifapentine: what is the preferred rifamycin for tuberculosis? Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2017 Oct;10(10):1027-1036. doi: 10.1080/17512433.2017.1366311. Rifabutin for treating pulmonary tuberculosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007 Oct; 2007(4): CD005159. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005159.pub2. Implementation of Bedaquiline, Pretomanid, and Linezolid in the United States: Experience Using a Novel All-Oral Treatment Regimen for Treatment of Rifampin-Resistant or Rifampin-Intolerant Tuberculosis Disease. Clin Infect Dis. 2023 Oct 5;77(7):1053-1062. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciad312. This podcast is powered by Pinecast.

In this episode, we review the high-yield topic of⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Linezolid ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠from the Microbiology section. Follow ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Medbullets⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ on social media: Facebook: www.facebook.com/medbullets Instagram: www.instagram.com/medbulletsofficial Twitter: www.twitter.com/medbullets

Yep, Medicine moves fast! On Friday, January 5, 2024, I participated in a medical news report published in “The Guardian”. In that news commentary I stated that “Bicillin-LA is the only medication approved for syphilis during pregnancy”. We've all heard that statement, and it is a true statement. However, 5 days later on January 10, 2024, the FDA announced the importation allowance of “Extencillin” to combat the Bicillin-LA shortage. Yep, Medicine moves fast. Now we have this medication available as an option until Bicillin-LA increases its availability. But what about Linezolid? In this episode, we will also discuss a recent non-inferiority trial of Linezolid for early syphilis, which was published in “The Lancet”. Although that study had disappointing results, there are some caveats which need explaining. Listen in to find out more.

On episode #43 of the Infectious Disease Puscast, Sara reviews the infectious disease literature for the weeks of 11/22 – 12/06/23. Host: Sara Dong Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of Puscast! Links for this episode Treatment for first cytomegalovirus infection post-hematopoietic cell transplant (CID) Mortality among children aged

Callum and Jame wrap up their thoughts on the recent FIS conference. Support the showQuestions, comments, suggestions to idiotspodcasting@gmail.com or on X/Threads @IDiots_podPrep notes for completed episodes can be found here (Not all episodes have prep notes).If you are enjoying the podcast please leave a review on your preferred podcast app!Feel like giving back? Donations of caffeine gratefully received!https://www.buymeacoffee.com/idiotspod

Trial of the Week: Linezolid v Daptomycin in VRE BSI Special Guest: Nick Britt, PharmD, MS, BCPS, BCIDP Nick Britt joins to highlight his first-author research comparing the use of linezolid v. daptomycin for treatment of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus bloodstream infection (VRE BSI) published in Clinical Infectious Diseases in 2015. We review what the standard of care was for treatment at this time, how this study became to be, covering this featured article and discussing outcomes/results, then reviewing studies published since, how we still use results from this study, and much, much more. Reference list: https://pharmacytodose.files.wordpress.com/2023/09/dapto-v-linez-vre-bsi-references.pdf PharmacyToDose.Com  @PharmacyToDose  PharmacyToDose@Gmail.com Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Eastern Cape Department of Health has launched a new treatment plan for people suffering from drug-resistant tuberculosis. The Bedaquiline, Pretomanid, Linezolid, and Levofloxacin (BPaL-L) regimen is a three-drug, six-month, all-oral regimen. Sakina Kamwendo spoke to the Deputy Director General of the Department of Health in the Eastern Cape.

Episode Notes In this episode, Dr. Angelina Davis talks to us about the use of clindamycin + vancomycin vs. linezolid for the treatment of necrotizing soft tissue infections. The article reviewed in this episode can be found here: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37351452/ For more information about DASON, please visit: https://dason.medicine.duke.edu

Can a common diabetes drug reduce the risk for long COVID? Find out about this and more in today's PV Roundup podcast.

Not that you always need extended gram positive coverage, but if you did... As is often the case with this Pod, this is mostly providing historical context. Link: https://doi.org/10.1086/500139

Oral antibiotics can be an option for gram negative bacteremias, but what's the data for their use in treating staph aureus bacteremias?Follow HERE!References:All references for Episode 88 are found on my Read by QxMD collectionSupport the showFind ER-Rx: - On Instagram: @ERRxPodcast - On the website: errxpodcast.com - On YouTube Disclaimer: The information contained within the ER-Rx podcast episodes, errxpodcast.com, and the @errxpodcast Instagram page is for informational/ educational purposes only, is not meant to replace professional medical judgement, and does not constitute a provider-patient relationship between you and the authors. Information contained herein may be accidentally inaccurate, incomplete, or outdated, and users are to use caution, seek medical advice from a licensed physician, and consult available resources prior to any medical decision making. The contributors of the ER-Rx podcast are not affiliated with, nor do they speak on behalf of, any medical institutions, educational facilities, or other healthcare programs.

Episode Notes Episode Notes Inspired by lamentations on Twitter, Drs. Bobbi Jo Stoner (@BobbiJo_Stoner), Jonathan Ryder (@JonathanRyderMD) and Sami El-Dalati join Dr. Jillian Hayes (@thejillianhayes) to hash out some of the controversies we encounter while managing infective endocarditis. Do we really need gentamicin and rifampin for all cases of staphylococcal prosthetic valve endocarditis? Where do oral antimicrobials fit into this disease state? Who should have a seat at the table to provide the most comprehensive care to these patients? Tune in for the answers to these questions and more! Learn more about the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists: https://sidp.org/About Twitter: @SIDPharm (https://twitter.com/SIDPharm) Instagram: @SIDPharm (https://www.instagram.com/sidpharm/) Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/sidprx LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/sidp/ Listen to Breakpoints on iTunes, Overcast, Spotify, Listen Notes, Player FM, Pocket Casts, Stitcher, Google Play, TuneIn, Blubrry, RadioPublic, or by using our RSS feed: https://sidp.pinecast.co/ References: IDSA/AHA Infective Endocarditis Guidelines: https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000296 Deconstructing the Dogma: Systematic Literature Review and Meta-analysis of Adjunctive Gentamicin and Rifampin in Staphylococcal Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36408468/ Twitter Poll – Gabe Vilchez (March 2021): https://twitter.com/IdVilchez/status/1372148761112240131?s=20&t=fYuyNWGmzZACWrpUb7Fp3g Survey of ID Physicians on Gent and Rifampin Use: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32964063/ Bacteriological outcome of combination versus single-agent treatment for staphylococcal endocarditis: https://academic.oup.com/jac/article/52/5/820/760105 Treatment of experimental foreign body infection caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: https://journals.asm.org/doi/abs/10.1128/AAC.34.12.2312 Successful therapy of experimental chronic foreign-body infection due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by antimicrobial combinations: https://journals.asm.org/doi/abs/10.1128/aac.35.12.2611 Rifampin Combination Therapy for Nonmycobacterial Infections: https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/CMR.00034-09 ARREST Trial: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(17)32456-X/fulltext Is Rifampin Use Associated With Better Outcome in Staphylococcal Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis? A Multicenter Retrospective Study: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32706879/ Nephrotoxicity of vancomycin, alone and with an aminoglycoside: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2351627/ Clinical Data on Daptomycin plus Ceftaroline versus Standard of Care Monotherapy in the Treatment of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia: https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/AAC.02483-18 Multicenter Cohort of Patients With Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia Receiving Daptomycin Plus Ceftaroline Compared With Other MRSA Treatments: https://academic.oup.com/ofid/article/7/1/ofz538/5691187 CERT Trial (in process): https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04886284 Rifampin for Surgically Treated Staphylococcal Infective Endocarditis: A Propensity Score-Adjusted Cohort Study: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26872729/ A step-by-step guide to implementing a multidisciplinary endocarditis team: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/20499361211065596 Management of Infective Endocarditis in People Who Inject Drugs: A Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association: https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIR.0000000000001090?cookieSet=1 Infectious Complications of Addiction: A Call for a New Subspecialty Within Infectious Diseases: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7319263/ A Cross-sectional Analysis of Linezolid in Combination with Methadone or Buprenorphine as a Cause of Serotonin Toxicity: https://academic.oup.com/ofid/article/9/7/ofac331/6625822 POET Trial: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmoa1808312 Risk of New Bloodstream Infections and Mortality Among People Who Inject Drugs With Infective Endocarditis: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32785635/ Comparing right- and left sided injection-drug related infective endocarditis: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33441950/ Evaluation of Partial Oral Antibiotic Treatment for Persons Who Inject Drugs and Are Hospitalized With Invasive Infections: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7745005/ Dalbavancin as Primary and Sequential Treatment for Gram-Positive Infective Endocarditis: 2-Year Experience at the General Hospital of Vienna: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29659732/ Impact of the duration of antibiotic therapy on relapse and survival following surgery for active infective endocarditis: https://academic.oup.com/ejcts/article/55/4/760/5126415 Bacteriological Outcome after Valve Surgery for Active Infective Endocarditis: Implications for Duration of Treatment after Surgery: https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/41/2/187/529954 Long-term Risk of Hemorrhagic Stroke in Patients With Infective Endocarditis: A Danish Nationwide Cohort Study: https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/68/4/668/5039147 Sign of the Times: Updating Infective Endocarditis Diagnostic Criteria to Recognize Enterococcus faecalis as a Typical Endocarditis Bacterium: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35262664/ Prevalence of colorectal disease in Enterococcus faecalis infective endocarditis: results of an observational multicenter study: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31444092/ Check out our podcast host, Pinecast. Start your own podcast for free with no credit card required. If you decide to upgrade, use coupon code r-7e7a98 for 40% off for 4 months, and support Breakpoints.

On episode #18 of the Infectious Disease Puscast, Daniel and Sara review the infectious disease literature for the previous two weeks, 12/9/22 – 12/21/22. Hosts: Daniel Griffin and Sara Dong Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of Puscast! Links for this episode Human Rabies in Texas, 2021 (CDC) Human rabies despite post-exposure prophylaxis (The Lancet) The Qatar FIFA World Cup 2022 and camel pageant championships increase risk of MERS-CoV transmission and global spread (The Lancet) An update on eukaryotic viruses revived from ancient permafrost (bioRx) Colistin monotherapy vs combination therapy for carbapenem-resistant organisms (NEJM) Outcomes of Ceftriaxone vs antistaphylococcal Penicillins or Cefazolin for definitive therapy of Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (OFID) Salmonella enteritidis cardiovascular implantable electronic device infection (OFID) Evaluation of serotonin syndrome with Linezolid and serotonergic agents at an academic medical center (OFID) Preemptive antifungal therapy for the prevention of invasive candidiasis following gastrointestinal surgery for Intra-abdominal infections (CID) Risk factors and outcomes of invasive aspergillosis in kidney transplant recipients (CID) Predictive performance of gram staining of catheter tips for Candida catheter-related bloodstream infections (OFID) Integrative genetic manipulation of Plasmodium cynomolgireveals multidrug resistance-(JID) Clinical characteristics of patients with calcified parenchymal neurocysticercosis and perilesional edema (OFID) Impact of sequestration on artemisinin-induced parasite clearance in Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Africa (CID) Factors contributing to delayed academic advancement of women in infectious diseases (OFID) Characterization of problematic alcohol use among physicians (JAMA) Alpha-gal syndrome in the ID clinic (OFID) Efficacy and safety of Azithromycin vs placebo to treat lower respiratory tract infections associated with low procalcitonin (The Lancet) Music is by Ronald Jenkees

The Filtrate:Joel TopfSwapnil HiremathNayan AroraPriya YenebereSpecial Guests:Todd Miano, PharmD, PhD @Miano81 Assistant Professor of Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine.Show Notes:Early Pip/Tazo article showing nephrotoxicity. Covered by NephJCLinazolid vs Vanco RCT showing excess AKI with Vanco. Yes Vance is a lot less toxic than it was in the Mississippi mud days but your attending telling you it is no longer nephrotoxic is wrong. Linezolid in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nosocomial pneumonia: a randomized, controlled study and Vancomycin and the Risk of AKI: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Vancomycin-Associated Acute Kidney Injury with a Steep Rise in Serum CreatinineVancomycin-Associated Cast Nephropathy: Reality or Fantasy?Molecular Epidemiology of SepsiS in the ICU (MESSI) prospective cohort. Learn about it her: A multibiomarker-based outcome risk stratification model for adult septic shock*Cystatin C in acute kidney injury Changing Definitions of SepsisProposed new definitions of AKI incorporating biomarkers: Recommendations on Acute Kidney Injury Biomarkers From the Acute Disease Quality Initiative Consensus Conference. A Consensus Statement in JAMA Network OpenApplications of propensity score methods in observational comparative effectiveness and safety research: where have we come and where should we go?The effect of glucocorticoids on serum cystatin C in identifying acute kidney injury: a propensity-matched cohort studyProtective effect of piperacillin against nephrotoxicity of cephaloridine and gentamicin in animalsPulmCrit – Myth-busting the conditional nephrotoxicity of piperacillin-tazobactam by Josh FarkasSharp Objects on Good ReadsBandon Dunes The Ocean Course at Kiawah Island Golf ResortBe Real follow me: BeRe.al/kidney_boySNL spoof of BeReal

This podcast features Dr Conor Tweed, Honorary Clinical Lecturer, Medical Research Council (MRC) Clinical Trials Unit at University College London (UCL), who is in conversation with CNS founding Managing Editor and Executive Director Shobha Shukla. Jessica Wiggs, Senior Communication Specialist of TB Alliance (Global Alliance of TB Drug Development, www.TBalliance.org) joins the conversation. Listen to this podcast on Apple Podcasts, Amazon Music, Google Podcasts, Spotify, Stitcher, TuneIn, aCast, Podtail, BluBrry, Himalaya, ListenNotes, American Podcasts, CastBox FM, Ivy FM, Player FM, and other podcast streaming platforms.ThanksCNS team

In the second episode of Breakpoints' Dosing Consult series, Drs. Ryan Crass (@crasspofungin) and Amit Pai (@DosingMatters) join Dr. Jillian Hayes (@thejillianhayes) to break down the 5 Ws and 1 H of linezolid TDM.  LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/sidp/ Learn more about the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists: https://sidp.org/About Twitter: @SIDPharm (https://twitter.com/SIDPharm) Instagram: @SIDPharm (https://www.instagram.com/sidpharm/) Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/sidprx Bibliography Abdul-Aziz MH, et al. Intensive Care Med. 2020 Jun;46(6):1127-1153. doi: 10.1007/s00134-020-06050-1. Epub 2020 May 7. PMID: 32383061. Abdul-Aziz MH, et al. Ther Drug Monit. 2022 Feb 1;44(1):19-31. doi: 10.1097/FTD.0000000000000940. PMID: 34750338. Andes D, et al. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2002;46(11):3484-3489. doi:10.1128/AAC.46.11.3484-3489.2002. PMID: 12384354. Bandín-Vilar E, et al. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2022;61(6):789-817. doi:10.1007/s40262-022-01125-2. PMID: 35699914. Boak LM, Rayner CR, Grayson ML, et al. Clinical population pharmacokinetics and toxicodynamics of linezolid. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2014;58(4):2334-2343. doi:10.1128/AAC.01885-13. PMID: 24514086.   Crass RL, et al. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2019 Jul 25;63(8):e00605-19. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00605-19. PMID: 31109977.   Cojutti P, et al. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2018 Aug;57(8):989-1000. doi: 10.1007/s40262-017-0606-5. PMID: 29080937. Dong HY, et al. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2014;33(6):1029-1035. doi:10.1007/s10096-013-2041-3. PMID: 24515096.  Matsumoto K, et al. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2014;44(3):242-247. doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2014.05.010. PMID: 25108880.  Meagher AK, et al. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2003;47(2):548-553. doi:10.1128/AAC.47.2.548-553.2003. PMID: 12543657.  Obach RS. Drug Metab Dispos. 2022 Apr;50(4):413-421. doi: 10.1124/dmd.121.000776. PMID: 35042700. Pea F, et al. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2010 Nov;54(11):4605-10. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00177-10. Epub 2010 Aug 23. PMID: 20733043.  Pea F, et al. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2012 Aug;67(8):2034-42. doi: 10.1093/jac/dks153. Epub 2012 May 2. PMID: 22553142. Rao GG, et al. Ther Drug Monit. 2020 Feb;42(1):83-92. doi: 10.1097/FTD.0000000000000710. PMID: 31652190. Rayner CR, et al. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2003;42(15):1411-23. doi: 10.2165/00003088-200342150-00007. PMID: 14674791. Taubert M, et al. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2016 Aug 22;60(9):5254-61. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00356-16. PMID: 27324768.  Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists | Contagion Live Laboratories that offer linezolid assay results: Infectious Disease Pharmacokinetics Laboratory (https://idpl.pharmacy.ufl.edu/ ) Atlantic Diagnostics Laboratories (https://atlanticdiagnosticlaboratories.com/lab-tests ) National Jewish Health PK Laboratory (ttps://www.nationaljewish.org/for-professionals/diagnostic-testing/adx/tests/linezolid,-level) Check out our podcast host, Pinecast. Start your own podcast for free with no credit card required. If you decide to upgrade, use coupon code r-7e7a98 for 40% off for 4 months, and support Breakpoints.

In this second of 2 episodes, Shobha Swaminathan, MD, and Eric S. Daar, MD, review key data influencing their practice following the IAS 2021 Conference, including data on investigational antiretroviral agents, lenacapavir and islatravir, and alternative dosing of BPaL for MDR-TB.  This episode includes discussion of:An extension of FLAIR, demonstrating virologic efficacy and safety of long-acting CAB plus RPV at Week 124A Week 26 safety and efficacy analysis of CAPELLA, a study of lenacapavir in heavily treatment–experienced PWHCALIBRATE, a study of the safety and efficacy of lenacapavir in treatment-naive PWHA Week 96 safety analysis of Protocol 011, evaluating islatravir plus DOR in treatment-naive patientsA Week 24 safety and pharmacokinetic analysis of Protocol 016, evaluating oral islatravir once monthly for PrEPZeNix, a phase III trial of pretomanid, bedaquiline, and linezolid (BPaL) in patients with highly resistant TBPresenters:Eric S. Daar, MDChief, Division of HIV MedicineHarbor-UCLA Medical CenterProfessor of MedicineDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos Angeles, CaliforniaShobha Swaminathan, MDAssociate ProfessorDivision of Infectious Diseases  Department of MedicineRutgers New Jersey Medical SchoolNewark, New JerseyFollow along with the slides at:https://bit.ly/3hvRN5bContent based on an online CME program supported by an educational grant from ViiV Healthcare.

In this first of 2 episodes, Shobha Swaminathan, MD, and Eric S. Daar, MD, review key data influencing their practice following the IAS 2021 Conference, including results from studies on HIV and COVID-19 outcomes; virologic and metabolic outcomes of DTG/3TC; long-acting CAB plus RPV for ART in treatment-naive PWH.  This episode includes discussion of:A Global Clinical Platform that evaluated outcomes of PWH hospitalized with COVID-19A post hoc analysis of TANGO, evaluating the virologic and metabolic outcomes when switching to DTG/3TC vs continued 3- or 4-drug TAF-based regimensA Week 48 analysis of SALSA, demonstrating virologic efficacy and favorable safety profile of switching to DTG/3TC vs continuing a 3-drug ART regimenPresenters:Eric S. Daar, MDChief, Division of HIV MedicineHarbor-UCLA Medical CenterProfessor of MedicineDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos Angeles, CaliforniaShobha Swaminathan, MDAssociate ProfessorDivision of Infectious Diseases  Department of MedicineRutgers New Jersey Medical SchoolNewark, New JerseyFollow along with the slides at:https://bit.ly/2WZu7zmContent based on an online CME program supported by an educational grant from ViiV Healthcare.

In this episode, Babafemi Taiwo, MBBS, discusses new HIV data from IAS 2021, including:WHO Global Clinical Platform: COVID-19 outcomes in PWH2-drug regimen of DTG/3TC: efficacy, metabolic outcomes (TANGO)Investigational antiretroviral useCAB LA + RPV LA in treatment-naive PWH (FLAIR)Investigational antiretroviral agentsLEN (CAPELLA, CALIBRATE)ISL (P011, P016)Alternative BPaL dosing in treatment of drug-resistant TB (ZeNix)Babafemi Taiwo, MBBSGene Stollerman Professor of MedicineChief, Division of Infectious DiseasesNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicago, IllinoisContent based on a CME program supported by educational grants from Gilead Sciences, Inc.; Janssen Therapeutics, Division of Janssen Products, LP.; Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp; and ViiV Healthcare.Follow along with an expanded slideset at: https://bit.ly/3syWD5TLink to full program: https://bit.ly/3z8SBnC

Let's get on to Macrolides, Lincosamides. A little bit of stuff on protein biosynthesis won't hurt to help us understand the pharmacology of these class of drugs, macrolides and Lincosamides. Bacterial protein synthesis involves proteins required for reproduction, and is made possible by ribosomal RNA, mRNA and tRNA. To begin, the double stranded DNA first unwinds in an untwisting motion in the region which codes for the specific protein to be made and only that one strand of the DNA serves as a template for what is known as transcription. RNA polymerase makes a copy of this segment, which now stands as what is called mRNA. Once the strand of mRNA is complete, it detaches from that segment, and in turn become attached to ribosomes. Now it gets interesting. Bacterial ribosomes are made of two subunits, the small 30s and a bigger 50s ribosomal subunits, together makes up 70s ribosomal unit. The numbers don't add up right? Yes 30+50 is not 70. If you want to know why, download the Podroom app and join the discussion, there you can ask me and I'll explain. For now, we move. The ribosomal subunits attach to the mRNA strand like a zipper and begin the synthesis of the polypeptide chain, along that strand. Now the amino acids needed for this synthesis, is bound to tRNA, so tRNA + amino acids bind to the ribosome which is on the mRNA strand and begins to work its way from one end of the strand to the other, making the polypeptide chain in the process, until it hits a stop codon which makes it stop and release the full polypeptide chain it has been making. The 70s ribosome couples itself back and awaits further instruction. It's very easy, see, these are the steps 1.    Bacterial DNA unwinds to reveal a segment to be copied 2.    RNA polymerase makes a copy of this segment, a complete mirror image of the segment, detaches this new copy, which now stands alone as mRNA 3.    This mRNA attaches to 70s ribosome, which clasps the strands above and below with its two subunits 50s and 30s 4.    tRNA which contains amino acids is then bound to the ribosome and this moves along the mRNA strand to synthesize the polypeptide chain. 5.    Macrolides and Lincosamides inhibit this ribosome and do not allow it to move. If it cannot move, polypeptide and hence protein synthesis stops, and bacteria cannot grow, everything becomes static, that is why they say these drugs are bacteriostatic. So now, drugs that affect ribosomes in protein synthesis either affect the 50s or 30s subunits of the 70s ribosome. Don't worry, there is a mnemonic for that. Buy AT 30 and CELL @50 Aminoglycosides and tetracyclines inhibit protein synthesis by inhibiting the 30s ribosomal subunit. Chloramphenicol, Erythromycin (macrolides), Lincosamides and Linezolid all inhibit 50s ribosomal subunit. So macrolides – are a class of antibiotics that contain the following drugs 1.    Erythromycin – the oldest, strep, staph, pertusis, diphtheria, M. pnemonia 2.    Clarithromycin- strongly g +ve, used in eradication of H. pylori, renal toxicity 3.    Azithromycin – strong G -ve, RTI mainly As you go from erythromycin to azithromycin, you go from old to new, and also their half lives increases in that fashion, and hence their frequency of dosing reduces. *MOA* - just like I said, inhibits 50s, along with other counterparts in the mnemonic CELL @50 *Spectrum of activity* – G -ve and +ve, anaerobes (upper airway), atypical bacteria (legionella, chlamydia, mycoplasma etc), others like mycobacterium avium complex, campylobacter, treponema pallidum etc *Absorption* - food decreases it, why enteric coated ones are made. Clarithromycin is well absorbed irrespective of food. *Distribution-* all body fluids and placenta except CSF *and Elimination* - Hepatic: ALL, only clarithromycin is partially excreted by renals, why it needs renal adjustment at times. Cannot dialyze. Erythro t1/2- 1.5hrs, clarithromycin about 6hrs, Azithro – 68hrs *Resistance* - 80% is through the active efflux mechanism in which the mef gene encodes for an efflux pump that actively pumps macrolide out of the cell, away from the ribosome it is supposed to inhibit. Another mechanism is one in which a gene alters the binding site of the macrolide on the ribosome. Lastly, there is cross resistance which occurs between all macrolides. *Adverse Reactions* - M- Motility A: Arrythmias (prolonged qt interval) C: Cholestatic Hepatitis R: Rash 0: eosinophilia *Drug interaction* : it inhibits CYP3A4 enzyme leading to increased effects of carbamazepine, theophylline, warfarin, valproate. Enough of Macrolides. Let's talk about a close relative in mechanism of action. The Lincosamides Briefly! In this class is Clindamycin and Lincomycin They are active against staph, gram +ve and -ve anaerobes. Also against Bacteroides. Mechanism of action – You know this already, yes say it, of course if you Cell@ 50 you will know it binds to 50s ribosome and hence inhibits protein synthesis. It is absorbed well, penetrates well into most tissues including bone, but not CSF Excreted via the liver, bile and Urine. Resistance: mechanisms via drug inactivation, alteration of 50s ribosomal subunit by adenine methylation and mutation of the 50s ribosomal protein. *USES:* 1.    Anaerobic infections 2.    Osteomyelitis, arthritis 3.    AIDS related toxoplasmosis (combined with pyrimethamine) 4.    AIDS related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. ADVERSE REACTIONS: 1.    Severe diarrhea- pseudomembranous enterocolitis caused by clostridium deficille 2.    High IV dose – neuromuscular blockade 3.    Neutropenia 4.    Impaired liver function 5.    Hypersensitivity And that's all fellas. Next, we talk about Sulphonamides in the next episode. This content is made for medical students, all pharmacology enthusiasts and medical practitioners who want to refresh their memory within the shortest possible time. This is meant to be used in conjunction with detailed pharmacology notes or texts, not sufficient as a standalone.

En el programa de esta semana revisamos el uso de linezolid como posible alternativa de tratamiento oral de la bacteriemia por S. aureus. A propósito de un estudio por investigadores españoles sobre la transición temprana a terapia oral con linezolid en bacteriemia por S. aureus no complicada.    Referencias:   Rein Willekens y colaboradores. Early Oral Switch to Linezolid for Low-risk Patients With Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infections: A Propensity-matched Cohort Study. Clin Infect Dis 2019; 69 (3): 381-7 Shorr AF y colaboradores. Linezolid versus vancomycin for Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia: pooled analysis of randomized studies. J Antimicrob Chemother 2005; 56: 923-929. Hee-Chang, J y colaboradores. Salvage Treatment for Persistent Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia: Efficacy of Linezolid With or Without Carbapenem. Clin Infect Dis 2009; 49: 395-401. Park HJ y colaboradores. Efficacy of linezolid-based salvage therapy compared with glycopeptide-based therapy in patients with persistent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. J Infect 2012; 65 (6): 505-12.   La Frase de la Semana:   La tomamos de Albert Camus periodista, escritor y filosofo de origen francés, nacido en Algeria el 7 de noviembre de 1913 y fallecido trágica y tempranamente en un accidente automovilístico el 4 de Enero de 1960 y merecedor del premio nobel de literatura en 1957. Su aporte filosófico se basa en lo que se puede mencionar como dos ideas gemelas —el concepto del absurdo y la noción de revuelta— que lo hicieron famoso. El Absurdo puede definirse como una tensión u oposición metafísica que resulta de la presencia de la conciencia humana, con su demanda cada vez más apremiante de orden y sentido en la vida, en un universo esencialmente sin sentido e indiferente. Camus consideraba que el Absurdo era una característica fundamental e incluso definitoria de la condición humana moderna. La noción de revuelta se refiere tanto a un camino de acción resuelta como a un estado mental. Puede tomar formas extremas como el terrorismo o un egoísmo imprudente y desenfrenado (ambos rechazados por Camus), pero básicamente, y en términos simples, consiste en una actitud de desafío heroico o resistencia a lo que oprime a los seres humanos. La frase dice: “He comprendido que hay dos verdades, una de las cuales jamás debe ser dicha”  

Linezolid is an antibiotic used for bacterial infection. It primarily works by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis. Linezolid is primarily bacteriostatic against most bacteria which means that it inhibits the growth and doesn't necessarily kill the bacteria itself. Caution must be used with linezolid and serotonergic drugs as there is a risk for serotonin syndrome. Clinical risk/benefit analysis needs to be done. Linezolid overall has good coverage for VRE and MRSA. It is an option for MRSA pneumonia where daptomycin is not. Linezolid has both an oral and an IV option which allows for good continuity of inpatient and outpatient use.

La vancomicina ha sido el tratamiento de elección del S. aureus meticilino -resistente. ¿Es adecuado o suficiente para el tratamiento de la neumonía severa por este microorganismo? Tomando de base un estudio recientemente publicado sobre el tema en casos de neumonia bacteriana secundaria a casos de influenza en niños, revisamos las opciones de tratamiento.   Referencias:  Adrienne G Randolph y colaboradores. Vancomycin Monotherapy May Be Insufficient to Treat Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Coinfection in Children with Influenza-related Critical Illness. Clin Infect Dis Feb 1, 2019. Ethan Rubestein y colaboradores. Pneumonia Caused by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus.  Clinical Infectious Diseases 2008; 46:S378–85.    Wunderink RG y colaboradores. Linezolid in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nosocomial pneumonia: a randomized, controlled study. Clin Infect Dis Mach 2012.  Reese A. Cosimi y colaboradores. Ceftaroline for Severe Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections: A Systematic Review. Open Forum Infectious Diseases 2017.   Mica Paul y colaboradores. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole versus vancomycin for severe infections caused by meticillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus: randomised controlled trial.  BMJ 2015;350:h2219.   La Frase de la Semana:   La tomamos de Tales de Mileto. Tales de Mileto (624 a.C. - 546 a.C.) fue un filósofo, geómetra, matemático y hombre de leyes griego. Nació y vivió toda su vida en la ciudad griega de Mileto, en la actual Turquía. Como ocurre con la mayoría de pensadores de la Grecia antigua, Tales de Mileto no dejó ninguna obra escrita, y lo que se sabe de él lo debemos a otros pensadores y filósofos posteriores, quienes recogieron sus enseñanzas. La frase dice: “La cosa más difícil: conocernos a nosotros mismos. La más fácil: hablar mal de los demás”     Por cierto, que cuando oigo Tales de Mileto, no puedo dejar de recordar una canción del famoso grupo argentino Les Luthiers que se llama “El Teorema de Tales”. Fue una de las primeras canciones que escuche de este grupo durante mi adolescencia. Les dejo un video de dicha canción en la página web para su disfrute.   https://youtu.be/OXrYNPJQoTA

Show notes at pharmacyjoe.com/episode373. In this episode, I’ll discuss if linezolid can be used to inhibit bacterial toxin production in necrotizing fasciitis. The post 373: Can linezolid be used to inhibit bacterial toxin production in necrotizing fasciitis? appeared first on Pharmacy Joe.

Show notes at pharmacyjoe.com/episode342. In this episode, I’ll discuss three drug interactions every critical care pharmacist should know how to manage: 1. Linezolid and fentanyl (serotonin syndrome) 2. Metoclopramide and olanzapine (neuroleptic malignant syndrome) 3. Levofloxacin and sotalol (torsades) The post 342: Three drug interactions every critical care pharmacist should know how to manage appeared first on Pharmacy Joe.

Show notes at pharmacyjoe.com/episode314. In this episode I ll: 1. Discuss an article about the dose of daptomycin and bacterial clearance. 2. Answer the drug information question Should lidocaine be added to potassium infusions to reduce pain?” 3. Share a tip for responding to inpatient medical emergencies. The post 314: Daptomycin vs linezolid for VRE bacterial clearance, should lidocaine be added to potassium infusions to reduce pain, and a tip for responding to inpatient medical emergencies appeared first on Pharmacy Joe.

  Author: Dr. Karen Woolf, MD Educational Pearls: Anatomy : base of skull to posterior mediastinum, anteriorly bounded by middle layer of deep cervical fascia and posteriorly by the deep layer, communicates to lateral pharyngeal space bounded by carotid sheath. Lymph node chains draining nasopharynx, sinuses, middle ear, etc. run through it. Epidemiology & Microbiology: most common kids 2-4, (neonates too). Polymicrobial (GAS, MSSA, MRSA, respiratory anaerobes). Signs and symptoms can include pharyngitis, dysphagia, odynophagia, drooling, torticollis, muffled voice, respiratory distress, stridor, neck swelling, and trismus. Exam may show drooling, posterior pharyngeal swelling, anterior cervical LAD, or a neck mass. Imaging: Get CT neck w/IV contrast! DDx: epiglottis, croup, bacterial tracheitis, peritonsillar abscess, trauma, foreign body, angioedema, cystic hygroma, meningitis, osteomyelitis, tetanus toxin. Tx: Unasyn, if not responding add Vancomycin or Linezolid; surgical drainage if airway is compromised. Complications: airway obstruction, sepsis, aspiration pneumonia, IJ thrombosis, carotid artery rupture, mediastinitis.   References: Craig FW, Schunk JE. Retropharyngeal abscess in children: clinical presentation, utility of imaging, and current management. Pediatrics 2003; 111:1394. Fleisher GR. Infectious disease emergencies. In: Textbook of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, 5th ed, Fleisher GR, Ludwig S, Henretig FM (Eds), Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia 2006. p.783. Goldstein NA, Hammersclag MR. Peritonsillar, retropharyngeal, and parapharyngeal abscesses. In: Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, 6th ed, Feigin RD, Cherry JD, Demmler-Harrison GJ, Kaplan SL (Eds), Saunders, Philadelphia 2009. P.177

Severe infections in intensive care patients show high morbidity and mortality rates. Linezolid is an antimicrobial drug frequently used in critically ill patients. Recent data indicates that there might be high variability of linezolid serum concentrations in intensive care patients receiving standard doses. This study was aimed to evaluate whether standard dosing of linezolid leads to therapeutic serum concentrations in critically ill patients.

Editor's Audio Summary by Edward H. Livingston, MD, Deputy Editor of JAMA, the Journal of the American Medical Association, for the February 13, 2013 issue

La diversidad es clave para la cooperaciónExiste una cepa bacteriana que produce un polímero pegajoso llamado matriz extracelular que les permite flotar juntas, agrupadas en una biopelícula. Dentro de esta, hay cooperadores, que son las bacterias que forman el biopelícula y tramposas que son las que no producen la matriz extracelular, pero se benefician de estar en esta. Los científicos han descubierto que estas comunidades bacterianas pueden mantener a estos tramposos a raya mediante la diversificación. Cuando las bacterias de una forma natural se dividían en grupos con distintas adaptaciones para utilizar diferentes nutrientes, había menos tramposos aprovechándose de los recursos.El daño del tabaquismo pasivoEl humo del tabaco causa cada año miles de muertes entre los no fumadores, pero este no es el único factor de riesgo: los fumadores tienden a tener más bacterias dañinas en su tracto respiratorio, con el consiguiente peligro de infectar a los que tienen alrededor con microbios que causan enfermedades, siendo los niños los más vulnerables. En un estudio se encontró que los hijos de los fumadores tenían más bacterias potencialmente nocivas que los niños de los no fumadores. Esto podría dar a los padres fumadores otra razón para dejar de fumar.Un enemigo persistenteLa tuberculosis infecta a alrededor de un tercio de la población mundial. Existe una forma de tuberculosis llamada latente y las personas que la padecen no muestran síntomas aunque tienen la bacteria. Los antibióticos son eficaces contra muchos casos de tuberculosis activa, pero cuando una persona padece de tuberculosis latente, permanece infectado de por vida. Algunos medicamentos pueden convertir la forma activa en latente si no se emplean bien. Se ha creado un modelo de ratón con infección latente que permite probar la efectividad de los fármacos. El objetivo es impedir que los estados latentes, no infecciosos, de la enfermedad retornen a la peligrosa forma activa.Un nuevo camino hacia la resistenciaLas bacterias han ideado muchas formas de resistencia a los antibióticos. Un compuesto sintético llamado Linezolid se fabricó para tratar infecciones de la piel producidas por Staphylococcus aureus y se creía que este evitaría los inconvenientes de muchos fármacos a base de antibióticos naturales porque era sintético. Por desgracia, las bacterias han terminado por desarrollar también resistencia al Linezolid, gracias a un nuevo gen bacteriano que hace que los ribosomas alteren su morfología y se bloquean los efectos del Linezolid. Los científicos están investigando la procedencia de este nuevo gen.

John McConnell and Richard Lane discuss three reviews in the January issue: influenza vaccination in pregnant women; a meta-analysis of the antibiotic linezolid in the treatment of gram-positive bacterial infections; and a discussion of paediatric infection control, especially in the hospital setting, where children are at an increased risk of infection than adults.