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The Matt McNeil Show - AM950 The Progressive Voice of Minnesota
Located on beautiful St. Helena Island, at the very heart of Gullah culture, surrounded by glimmering marshes, and nestled beneath the silvery moss-draped limbs of massive live oaks… is Penn Center. The campus of the former Penn School, one of the nation's first schools for formerly enslaved people, is one of the most significant African…
Best of Interviews - AM950 The Progressive Voice of Minnesota
Located on beautiful St. Helena Island, at the very heart of Gullah culture, surrounded by glimmering marshes, and nestled beneath the silvery moss-draped limbs of massive live oaks… is Penn Center. The campus of the former Penn School, one of the nation's first schools for formerly enslaved people, is one of the most significant African…
Lolita Jackson MBE is the Executive Director of Sustainable Cities at Sustainable Development Capital LLP, a multibillion-pound climate investment firm. She is the link to governments around the world, also working on business development and origination. Lolita previously worked for the NYC Mayor's Office for 15 years in a variety of roles. She last served as the Special Advisor for Climate Policy & Programs, where she was the climate diplomat for NYC and lead for the administration regarding global work on divestment and climate finance. Prior to her tenure in the NYC Mayor's Office, Lolita worked for Morgan Stanley Investment Management for 12 years as a Vice President and helped manage a $10 billion product line. Lolita is an Adjunct Professor at Penn in the Masters in Environmental Studies Program, Senior Advisor of Penn Perry World House, a member of the British American Project U.S. Advisory Board, a Global Scot, Trustee of the Jazz Museum in Harlem, a board member of the Saint Andrew's Society of NY, a US-Japan Leadership Program Fellow, and President of the Penn Alumni Class of 1989. She was named to the City & State Energy & Environment Power 100 list for 2022 and was named a Member of the Order of the British Empire by Queen Elizabeth II in 2021. Lolita is a professional singer, having performed on four continents and at Carnegie Hall. She is an alumna of the Penn School of Engineering, majoring in Applied Science with a concentration in Chemical Engineering. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ri4TIroreeE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KwBIWHJ67lM Make sure to subscribe and sign up for notifications for fantastic dating and relationship advice brought to you by Maria Avgitidis!
School board races across Pennsylvania are more expensive and contentious than ever before. We sit down with Joshua Levinson of the East Penn School District in Lehigh County. He shares what he is hearing in the final days of this historic campaign and what it might mean for next November.
This week, Dr. Eric Crawford, a Gullah/Geechee scholar and Associate Professor of Musicology at Claflin University in Orangeburg, joins us to talk about Gullah culture and about editing a second edition of the late Dr. Wilbur Cross' book, Gullah Culture in America (Blair, 2022).The book chronicles the history and culture of the Gullah people, African Americans who live in the Lowcountry region of the American South, telling the story of the arrival of enslaved West Africans to the sea islands of South Carolina and Georgia; the melding of their African cultures, which created distinct creole language, cuisine, traditions, and arts; and the establishment of the Penn School, dedicated to education and support of the Gullah freedmen following the Civil War.
Towne founded Penn School in 1862 that was the first facility providing African Americans with a secondary education. Eventually it served as a normal school, training Black teachers to serve throughout South Carolina.
Best of Interviews - AM950 The Progressive Voice of Minnesota
The campus of the former Penn School, one of the nation's first schools for formerly enslaved people, is one of the most significant African American institutions in existence today. This historic and cultural institution is a National Historic Landmark District and comprises two of the four sites in Reconstruction Era National Park.
The Matt McNeil Show - AM950 The Progressive Voice of Minnesota
The campus of the former Penn School, one of the nation's first schools for formerly enslaved people, is one of the most significant African American institutions in existence today. This historic and cultural institution is a National Historic Landmark District and comprises two of the four sites in Reconstruction Era National Park.
Day 12 The Address: 16 Penn Circle, St Helena Island, SC 29920 The Story: At this moment, it stands. The very first school established in America for freed African children... It was founded before the dust of the Civil War settled. ... beneath the sway of Spanish moss on great oak trees, ... on a 47-acre campus on the island of Saint Helena, off the coast of South Carolina. This is the land of the great Gullah people. Africans who, through centuries of oppression, have held strong to their culture, language, and beautiful customs. Today, walk with us through the dirt roads of time on a voyage to the Penn School, a bold institution founded by Quakers and led by a Free Black Woman. This story will leave your heart filled with hope and your mind ignited with a new blueprint for liberation.
The Cybercrime Wire, hosted by Scott Schober, provides boardroom and C-suite executives, CIOs, CSOs, CISOs, IT executives and cybersecurity professionals with a breaking news story we're following. If there's a cyberattack, hack, or data breach you should know about, then we're on it. Listen to the podcast daily and hear it every hour on WCYB. The Cybercrime Wire is sponsored by Deloitte Cyber. To learn more about our sponsor, visit https://deloitte.com/cyber • For more breaking news, visit https://cybercrimewire.com
I apologize for the breaks in my recording, the sound in the YouTube videos cut off so I just clipped it out and put a link to the video in the description for you to see! I will be recording shorter videos to analyze the material within the video since the sound did not come through on this recording. Still new to this software but progress is the pursuit of perfection. I hope you remain curious throughout the podcast and engage by commenting or messaging me to start making a difference on future generations and not pass our problems on to them. Links to videos and websites within podcast episode: North Penn School District HomePage: https://bit.ly/3uPIWPM Queer Kid Stuff, Trump Supporters are mean: https://youtu.be/4drOeSCJXtw Queer Kid Stuff, Kids are Privileged: https://youtu.be/_GtVF2KKTEk Woke Kindergarten: https://www.wokekindergarten.org/ Since when did we think it was okay to force our "perfect'' perception of reality into the minds of "imperfect" children? We have been carrying the weight of ancient labels, generation after generation and it seems to be getting heavier. We are creating new problems as time goes on because we are constantly creating a problem, calling it a solution, in order to solve another problem. Just because a problem disappears it does not mean it's been solved, its just hiding behind the new problem which you thought was a solution. Every social justice reform is demanding responsibility, love, acceptance and equality. Ironically their plan does not promote equality of responsibility, love and acceptance. If you do not follow exactly what they say you will be ridiculed and labeled as a terrible person. I think anyone who is currently part of these current reforms should at least consider thinking about the possible outcome if this is achieved. Are you willing to bear the weight that you may be responsible for someone else oppression just because they are different? Will forcing kids to believe what you believe make your life any better? Let kids be kids and leave the world problems to the adults. Adults need to let go of our deep emotional convictions and understand we may be wrong. You have your way, I have my way, but as to the right or only way, it doesn't exist. Music By: Persuasion (Instrumental) by RYYZN https://soundcloud.com/ryyzn Creative Commons — Attribution 3.0 Unported — CC BY 3.0 Free Download / Stream: https://bit.ly/-persuasion Music promoted by Audio Library https://youtu.be/DWjFW7Yq1fA
On tonight's show, I welcome Jonathan Kassa to the program. Jonathan is a Director on the North Penn School Board. He is also a national expert in school and campus safety. North Penn has experienced the same kind of right-wing extremism flooding school board meetings across Bucks County. North Penn found its meetings disrupted by members of Moms for Liberty and ReOpen Bucks. In the last school board election, North Penn also saw the flood of right-wing money into the campaign. Jonathan Kassa has been unwavering in calling out extremism, warning about the threat to our democracy, and insisting on defending our kids and communities. Link: Bucks County Beacon, "Right-wing misinformation leads to rape and death threats at PA01 elementary school," by Cyril Mychalejko https://bit.ly/3LYX96o You can support this show by becoming a patron for as little as $5/month at https://www.patreon.com/rcpress/ If you want to help us end the domination of right-wing money tipping the scales to the extreme.on our school boards and in our communities, we've made that easy. Simply drop a donation to the Raging Chicken Community Fund at https://ragingchicken.levelfield.net/. Help us support community organizing and school board candidates that our communities and our children deserve. Join our Discord server: https://discord.gg/WMW98RQEYV
Many times we discount the wisdom our youth holds. Prepare to change your mind in this episode with Anjalee Narenthiren who started her first successful business at age 15! Sometimes getting a fresh perspective from a youngpreneur is exactly what we need to catch a spark of inspiration. In this Women Developing Brilliance® - The Spirit of Business episode, you will learn:
Dr. Derrell Porter is a physician-entrepreneur with years of experience in the business of medicine, and one of the few experts with dual capabilities in developing and commercializing rapidly evolving cell therapies. Before founding his first startup, Cellevolve, Dr. Porter was the Head of Commercial at Atara Bio, a leader in off-the-shelf T-cell immunotherapy. Dr. Porter has held roles of increasing responsibility at three leading biopharmaceutical companies: Gilead, AbbVie, and Amgen. Dr. Porter earned his MD from the University of Pennsylvania's Perelman School of Medicine (where he was a Gamble Scholar) and an MBA from The Wharton School. He earned his BS in Neuroscience from the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Additionally, he is on the boards of NASDAQ listed Passage Bio, a Philadelphia-based genetics medicine company, and a board member at Portal Innovations; he also serves as an Advisory Committee Member for the Penn School of Medicine. Dr. Porter has such a unique background and set of experiences ranging from medical training and experience in commercializing drugs at large biopharma companies to the application of that knowledge in start-up settings.
Anjalee Narenthiren is the speaker, Program Director at Startup Dojo, and host of the Youngpreneur podcast. Anjalee is an international VEX Robotics champion, having beat over 20,000 teams in two consecutive years. She also founded her first startup at age 15. Currently, she is enrolled at the Jerome Fischer M&T Program at The University of Pennsylvania – pursuing a double degree with the Wharton School Of Business and Penn School of Engineering. Website: www.youngpreneur.world Social media handles: Facebook – Youngpreneur with Anjalee Instagram – @youngpreneurworld
Zeoli Show Hour 3: In the third hour of the Zeoli Show, Rich discussed the media's willingness to forgive anyone who they see as “one of their own”. They're quick to defend Whoopi Goldberg after she apologized for her Holocaust comments yet they're quick to cancel someone like Joe Rogan or a Georgetown professor criticizing Biden's criteria for the Supreme Court. North Penn parents speak out against the school board for trying to hide a teacher after controversial teaching methods of CRT.
Victoria Smalls grew up on St. Helena, South Carolina. St. Helena is a barrier island on the coast of of the eastern United States. It's home to many descendants of slaves brought from Africa to grow rice, sea island cotton and other crops.In this interview she talks about her Gullah heritage and the famous Penn School set up to educate newly freed slaves.www.charukumarhia.com www.charukumarhia.com
We are excited to announce that At the Core of Care is launching a new access to care special series. In this episode, PA Action Coalition Executive Director Sarah Hexem Hubbard speaks with Regina Cunningham and Marcus Henderson. Regina Cunningham is the Chief Executive Officer at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, as well as an adjunct professor and assistant dean at Penn School of Nursing. Marcus Henderson is a psychiatric mental health nurse and serves as the charge nurse of adolescent services for the Fairmount Behavioral Health System. He's also a lecturer at Penn School of Nursing. Regina and Marcus served on the committee for the recently released Future of Nursing 2020 to 2030 report from the National Academy of Medicine. During their conversation with Sarah, they highlight some of the key findings and recommendations to come out of the seminal study dedicated to charting a path to achieve health equity.
On this special episode of the Amplify Nursing podcast, we talk with Penn Nursing students Casey Cheng and Amy Xia, President and Vice President, of APANSA, the University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing's Asian Pacific American Nursing Student Association. APANSA is a community dedicated to providing support and representation for the AAPI minority population within the Penn School of Nursing. We talk with Casey and Amy about the current state of prejudice in this country, the microaggressions they face in their daily lives, including during clinicians, and how faculty and staff can better provide support to students during these traumatic times.
"D" is for Dabbs, Edith Mitchell (1906-1991). Author, churchwoman, community activist. Dabbs, a native of Dalzell, graduated from Coker College and then taught school for several years. Through the 1940s and 1950s she was active in the work of the United Church Women (an ecumenical Christian organization) and served as state president. Under her leadership the organization grew from half a dozen white women to an integrated annual gathering of more than two hundred. She also served on the national organization’s Public Relations Committee. In the 1960s she began an association with historic Penn School on St. Helena Island. That, led to several well-known publications: Walking Tall , Face of an Island , and Sea Island Diary: A History of St. Helena Island. In 1978 Edith Mitchell Dabbs received the Valiant Woman Award from Church Women United.
Hosts Fred Goldstein and Gregg Masters, MPH meet Dr. Dennis Flores Assistant Professor at University of Penn Nursing. In their continued focus on health equity, the social determinants of health and associated disparities exacerbated by the Covid-19 pandemic Dr. Flores discusses the impact on the LBGTQ community. Dr. Flores is an assistant Professor at the U of Penn School of Nursing, an affiliated faculty at the Gender, Sexuality, and Women’s Program, and is a Visiting Professor at the Center for Research on AIDS at Yale University’s School of Public Health. To stream our Station live 24/7 visit www.HealthcareNOWRadio.com or ask your Smart Device to “….Play HealthcareNOW Radio”. Find all of our network podcasts on your favorite podcast platforms and be sure to subscribe and like us. Learn more at www.healthcarenowradio.com/listen/
Chad Dion Lassiter, MSW, is Executive Director at the Pennsylvania Human Relations Commission (PHRC), and president of the Black Men at Penn School of Social Work, Inc., at the University of Pennsylvania. We speak with him about America's racism pandemic, and how the social work profession can best move forward through it. See the show notes for related resources.
Hosts Fred Goldstein and Gregg Masters, MPH meet Bridgette M. Brawner, PhD, APRN, Associate Professor of Nursing, Penn School of Nursing where she weighs in on COVID-19’s assault on Black and Brown communities. Dr. Brawner’s specialty includes ‘social justice through nursing’ where data from geographic information systems (GIS) are leveraged to develop interventions for urban populations to improve family and community health and promote sexual health, such as preventing HIV and other sexually transmitted infections; and the broaders lens of ‘methods and models to improve the health of historically underserved people and communities’. To stream our Station live 24/7 visit www.HealthcareNOWRadio.com or ask your Smart Device to “….Play HealthcareNOW Radio”. Find all of our network podcasts on your favorite podcast platforms and be sure to subscribe and like us. Learn more at www.healthcarenowradio.com/listen/
On this episode of PopHealth Week our guest is Bridgette M. Brawner, PhD, APRN,Associate Professor of Nursing, Penn School of Nursing. A dedicated academic and researcher Dr. Brawner academic credentials include MDiv, Palmer Theological Seminary of Eastern University, 2017, a PhD from the University of Pennsylvania, 2009, MSN, University of Pennsylvania, 2005 and a BSN, Villanova University, 2003. Dr. Brawner's specialty includes 'social justice through nursing' where data from geographic information systems (GIS) are leveraged to develop interventions for urban populations to improve family and community health and promote sexual health, such as preventing HIV and other sexually transmitted infections; and the broaders lens of 'methods and models to improve the health of historically underserved people and communities'. For more information on Dr. Brawner's and Penn Nursing's work in this space, do follow them on twitter via @DrBMBrawner and @PennNursing respectively. And for more information on Penn Nursing, go to: nursing.upenn.edu Detailed bio here. ==##==
In today's episode, I interview Incoming University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine Student, Sahba Mozaffarian. She will share her journey from the perspective of coming all the way from Iran to the United States in her pursuit of dental school. Sahba will share with all of you how both international and native born students to the United States can enhance their resume in being accepted into dental school. Sahba Mozaffarian Instagram.com/lifeofsahba Reed.Dentistry Predental Podcast Instagram.com/reed.dentistry_podcast YouTube Channel https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCd574LNunC3SnsZ3jTVnmZQ?view_as=subscriber Facebook Group https://www.facebook.com/groups/1078244819241433/?ref=share
This is the first episode in a series of discussions that will feature Kristen R. Ghodsee with various guests reflecting on Alexandra Kollontai's 1923 essay: "Make Way for Winged Eros: A Letter to Working Youth." Kristen Ghodsee's guest this week is the artist and Penn School of Design grad student, Elisheva Levy.In this essay, Kollontai works out her theories of how love and sexuality will be superior under socialism as compared to the bourgeois capitalist past. She provides a Marxist history of love and sex as ideals that change depending on how the ruling class uses them to promote their own economic interests. It is an essential essay in terms of thinking about the intersections of sexuality and political economy, and it was an important inspiration for Ghodsee's 2018 book: Why Women Have Better Sex Under Socialism: And Other Arguments for Economic Independence. In this episode, Elisheva Levy discusses her research project, "Beyond Monogamous Architecture" in relation to Kollontai's essay.FYI - the intro music is a Russian version of The Internationale.www.kristenghodsee.com
Ioana Marinescu, Assistant Professor of Economics at the Penn School of Social Policy & Practice, joins host Dan Loney to discuss her recent B-School Seminar presented to congressional staffers that focuses on examining the challenges and economic implications of a Universal Basic Income program in the United States, drawing on new research from existing programs such as the Alaska Permanent Fund.This seminar is part of the Penn Wharton B-School for Public Policy, a new monthly series of faculty-led seminars for policymakers on Knowledge@Wharton. For more information about how to get involved with Penn Wharton B-School for Public Policy, visit: https://publicpolicy.wharton.upenn.edu/b-school/get-involved/ See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.
Deaths from drug overdoses have now surpassed those from car crashes or guns in the United States, according to a recent report from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). To understand this complicated crisis, Host Dan Loney speaks with Dr. Evan Anderson, Senior Fellow at the University Of Pennsylvania’s Center for Public Health Initiatives and Senior Lecturer at the Penn School of Nursing, and Dr. Anita Gupta, Scholar at Georgetown University School of Medicine in Clinical Bioethics and former advisor to the FDA, on Knowledge@Wharton. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.
Loraine Ballard Morrill interviews Jessica Bautista and Dr. Kevin Ahmad Jenkins from the University of Pennsylvania School of Social Policy & Practice which prepares students to address societal problems at the local, national and international levels. https://www.sp2.upenn.edu/.Loraine also speaks with Rashida Ali Campbell and Mama Denise from the youth anti-violence community program Love Loving Love.http://www.lovelovinglove.org/
Loraine Ballard Morrill interviews Jessica Bautista and Dr. Kevin Ahmad Jenkins from the University of Pennsylvania School of Social Policy & Practice which prepares students to address societal problems at the local, national and international levels. https://www.sp2.upenn.edu/ Loraine also speaks with Dr. John Kelly author of The Crucible's Gift: 5 Lessons from Authentic Leaders who Thrive in Adversity.https://www.drjameskelley.com/
Loraine Ballard Morrill interviews Jessica Bautista and Dr. Kevin Ahmad Jenkins from the University of Pennsylvania School of Social Policy & Practice which prepares students to address societal problems at the local, national and international levels. https://www.sp2.upenn.edu/
Dr. Risa Lavizzo-Mourey is a PIK Professor of Population Health and Health Equity at the Perelman School of Medicine, Penn School of Nursing, and Wharton, and President Emerita and Former CEO of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. She is one of Modern Healthcare's 100 most influential people in health care. Risa joins host Laura Zarrow to discuss her mission to help companies encourage access to affordable healthcare in their communities by addressing environmental, social, and structural challenges that may impact residents' health on Women@Work. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.
As sea levels rise, nuisance flooding is the first wave of assault on coastal cities. Can we protect our coasts from inundation, or is retreat inevitable? --- Jeff Goodell, author of the New York Times award-winning book, The Water Will Come: Rising Seas, Sinking Cities, and the Remaking of the Civilized World, talks about the impact of rising seas on America’s coastal centers in the decades to come. Will innovative engineering allow cities and towns to be protected, and at what cost? Or, will the seas prevail, leaving some areas abandoned? Billy Fleming, research director for the Ian L. McHarg Center at the Penn School of Design and an expert on climate adaptation planning, weighs in as well. The U.S. government estimates that sea levels will rise by two feet by the middle of this century due to a warming climate. Already the impact of higher water is being felt in points around the country. In many coastal communities, nuisance flooding has become the predictable norm. Miami Beach is spending half a billion dollars to elevate roads and install pumps in an effort to stay dry. And Houston, New York, and New Orleans, all cities that are just feet above sea level, have recently seen unprecedented and devastating flooding. Goodell and Fleming look at the political and human costs of taking action. Jeff Goodell is a contributing editor with Rolling Stone magazine, where his writing focuses on environmental and climate issues. Last year he published his sixth book, The Water Will Come: Rising Seas, Sinking Cities, and the Remaking of the Civilized World, which earned a Critics’ Top Book award from the New York Times. Billy Fleming is research director for the Ian L. McHarg Center at the University of Pennsylvania’s School of Design. His research focuses on climate adaptation planning along the U.S. coast. Related Content Water Issues in California https://kleinmanenergy.upenn.edu/policy-digests/water-issues-california Hot Topics on Climate Change https://kleinmanenergy.upenn.edu/policy-digests/hot-topics-climate-change
Are the United States on the verge of being swallowed by xenophobia and moral bankruptcy? The answer is yes, according to the nationally acclaimed professor and social worker Chad Dion Lassiter. The Bergen Student Society has invited him to a conversation about the Unites States’ future in light of these developments. He is a professor in race relations, president in The Black Men at Penn School of Social Work and a nationally recognized social worker.
Srdjan Jovanovic Weiss born in1967, (Subotica) is an architect educated at Harvard University and Belgrade University. He recently collaborated with Herzog & de Meuron architects and is the founder of Normal Architecture Office as well as co-founder of School of Missing Studies, network for cultural and urban research. His recent book „Almost Architecture“, published by Merz&Solitude and kuda.nao explores the roles of architecture vis-à-vis democratic processes, abrupt political changes and architectural appearance of post-communist ideologies. He is an Assistant Professor at Tyler School of Art_Architecture at Temple University and lectures at Harvard GSD and at Penn School of Design. He is a PhD candidate at Goldsmiths College, University of London with a dissertation on the positive spatial aspects of Balkanization. He exhibited and lectured about his work at the universities and museums in Western Europe, North America and Japan and he published internationally. Andreas Rumpfhuber is Architect and Researcher with an office in Vienna, Austria. Andreas is member of the Researchers and Artists Collective roundtable.kein.org at the Centre for Research Architecture at Goldsmiths College in London, he was PhD-stipendiate (2005-2008) at the Center for Design Research at the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts, School of Architecture in Copenhagen. His PhD-dissertation „Architecture of Immaterial Labour“ will be published in fall 2010 at TURIA+KANT. Andreas was lecturing and teaching amongst others at TU Vienna, TU Graz, Academy of Fine Arts Vienna, Goldsmiths College, Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts, he was curating a.o. „Schindler Lecture“ series (2004-2007) at the Austrian Society of Architecture (www.oegfa.at), the Conference „Politics of Designing“ at The Danish Doctoral Schools of Architecture & Design. He is regularly writing for the Vienna Street-Newspaper Augustin, as well as for divers international Architecture/Art magazines and journals such as: Springerin, Hefte für Gegenwartskunst, dérive, Zeitschrift für Stadtforschung, UmBau, Arkitekten, bauwelt.
Mick Jagger, meet Jack Hayford. These are the worlds spanned by musician and pastor Jimi Calhoun, who uses his experiences in both arenas to help readers dissect racial relation issues. Tonight the Unstoppable Frankie Picasso is joined by Pastor Jimi Calhoun, author of "A Story of Rhythm and Grace: What the Church Can Learn from Rock and Roll about Healing the Racial Divide". Before becoming a pastor, Calhoun played bass for major recording acts and performed on stage with prominent artists such as Jimi Hendrix, Etta James, Hank Williams Jr., John Lennon, and Elton John. In his book, Jimi combines colorful illustrations from the rock-and-roll world with stories from his life as a pastor to show how he has succeeded as a bridge builder between cultures. As he interweaves personal stories with reflections on race, Calhoun challenges Christians (and dare I say others) to reach out for racial healing and reconciliation and offers hope for racial harmony in the church and in the broader culture. Tonight is a very special 90 minute Show. Please join in along with my panel of experts as we discuss the topic of Church, Religeon, race and how we can heal the past and pave way for a racial harmony. Joining us will also be, Chad Dion Lassiter,President Black Men at Penn School of Social Work, Dr. Paula Matabane,Communications professor at Howard University and independent filmmaker, her latest Faithfully Divided, Latayne Scott, former Mormon and author of 15 books including The Mormon Mirage, Rev. David Izenbart of Living Springs Community Church, a multicultural Church in Il.