Diabetes Knowledge in Practice Podcast

Join Prof. Francesco Giorgino and Dr. Darren McGuire as they discuss personalisation of treatment for patients with both type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. For more free education, go to ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠diabetes.knowledgeintopractice.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠, where you can see all past episodes of the podcast as well as other free CME resources. Follow us on Twitter (⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠@dkipractice⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠) or connect on ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠LinkedIn⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠. Faculty disclosures Prof. Francesco Giorgino Grants or contracts: Eli Lilly, Roche Diabetes Care Consulting: Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk Honoraria for lectures, presentations and education events: Astra-Zeneca, Boehringer-Ingelheim Advisory boards: Eli Lilly, Lifescan, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Medimmune Leadership or fiduciary role in other board: EASD/EFSD, (SIE), Fo.Ri SIE Receipt of equipment, materials, drugs, medical writing, gifts or other services: AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk Unlabelled use of drugs or devices: Roche Diabetes Care, Sanofi Dr. Darren K. McGuire Clinical trial leadership: - Former: Esperion, AstraZeneca, CSL Behring - Current: Novo Nordisk, Lilly USA, Pfizer, Boehringer Ingelheim, NewAmsterdam Consultancy: - Former: Merck & Co - Current: Lilly USA, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novo Nordisk, Bayer, Lexicon, Altimmune, Esperion, Intercept Pharmaceuticals, Applied Therapeutics Funding Information: This independent educational activity is supported by an educational grant from Novo Nordisk A/S. The educational content has been developed by Liberum IME in conjunction with an independent steering committee; Novo Nordisk A/S, has had no influence on the content of this education. Accreditation information Liberum IME staff, ACHL staff and others involved with the planning, development, and review of the content for this activity have no relevant affiliations or financial relationships to disclose. ACHL requires that the faculty participating in an accredited continuing education activity disclose all affiliations or other financial relationships within 24 months (1) with the manufacturers of any commercial product(s) and/or provider(s) of commercial services discussed in an educational presentation and (2) with any ineligible companies. All relevant financial relationships have been mitigated prior to this activity. This CME/CE activity might describe the off-label, investigational, or experimental use of medications and/or devices that may exceed their FDA-approved labeling. Physicians should consult the current manufacturers' prescribing information for these products. ACHL requires its speakers to disclose that a product is not labeled for the use under discussion. Discussion of Off-Label, Investigational, or Experimental Drug Use: None

Join Prof. Francesco Giorgino and Dr. Shehla Shaikh as they discuss strategies to help support type 2 diabetes patients during cultural events, such as observation of Ramadan. For more free education, go to ⁠⁠⁠⁠diabetes.knowledgeintopractice.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠, where you can see all past episodes of the podcast as well as other free CME resources. Follow us on Twitter (⁠⁠⁠⁠@dkipractice⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠) or connect on ⁠⁠⁠⁠LinkedIn⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠. Prof. Francesco Giorgino Grants or contracts: Eli Lilly, Roche Diabetes Care Consulting: Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk Honoraria for lectures, presentations and education events: Astra-Zeneca, Boehringer-Ingelheim Advisory boards: Eli Lilly, Lifescan, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Medimmune Leadership or fiduciary role in other board: EASD/EFSD, (SIE), Fo.Ri SIE Receipt of equipment, materials, drugs, medical writing, gifts or other services: AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk Unlabelled use of drugs or devices: Roche Diabetes Care, Sanofi Dr. Shehla Shaikh Dr. Shaikh declares no current financial conflict of interest Funding Information: This independent educational activity is supported by an educational grant from Novo Nordisk A/S. The educational content has been developed by Liberum IME in conjunction with an independent steering committee; Novo Nordisk A/S, has had no influence on the content of this education. Accreditation information Liberum IME staff, ACHL staff and others involved with the planning, development, and review of the content for this activity have no relevant affiliations or financial relationships to disclose. ACHL requires that the faculty participating in an accredited continuing education activity disclose all affiliations or other financial relationships within 24 months (1) with the manufacturers of any commercial product(s) and/or provider(s) of commercial services discussed in an educational presentation and (2) with any ineligible companies. All relevant financial relationships have been mitigated prior to this activity. This CME/CE activity might describe the off-label, investigational, or experimental use of medications and/or devices that may exceed their FDA-approved labeling. Physicians should consult the current manufacturers' prescribing information for these products. ACHL requires its speakers to disclose that a product is not labeled for the use under discussion. Discussion of Off-Label, Investigational, or Experimental Drug Use: None

Join Prof. Francesco Giorgino and Dr. Alice Cheng for a discussion on the importance of being culturally sensitive during shared decision-making in type 2 diabetes care. For more free education, go to ⁠⁠diabetes.knowledgeintopractice.com⁠⁠⁠, where you can see all past episodes of the podcast as well as other free CME resources. Follow us on Twitter (⁠⁠@dkipractice⁠⁠⁠) or connect on ⁠⁠LinkedIn⁠⁠⁠. Faculty disclosures Prof. Francesco Giorgino Grants or contracts: Eli Lilly, Roche Diabetes Care Consulting: Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk Honoraria for lectures, presentations and education events: Astra-Zeneca, Boehringer-Ingelheim Advisory boards: Eli Lilly, Lifescan, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Medimmune Leadership or fiduciary role in other board: EASD/EFSD, (SIE), Fo.Ri SIE Receipt of equipment, materials, drugs, medical writing, gifts or other services: AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk Unlabelled use of drugs or devices: Roche Diabetes Care, Sanofi Dr. Alice Cheng Advisory Board: Abbott, AstraZeneca, Bayer Speakers Bureau: Abbott, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bausch, Bayer Funding Information: This independent educational activity is supported by an educational grant from Novo Nordisk A/S. The educational content has been developed by Liberum IME in conjunction with an independent steering committee; Novo Nordisk A/S, has had no influence on the content of this education. Accreditation information Liberum IME staff, ACHL staff and others involved with the planning, development, and review of the content for this activity have no relevant affiliations or financial relationships to disclose. ACHL requires that the faculty participating in an accredited continuing education activity disclose all affiliations or other financial relationships within 24 months (1) with the manufacturers of any commercial product(s) and/or provider(s) of commercial services discussed in an educational presentation and (2) with any ineligible companies. All relevant financial relationships have been mitigated prior to this activity. This CME/CE activity might describe the off-label, investigational, or experimental use of medications and/or devices that may exceed their FDA-approved labeling. Physicians should consult the current manufacturers' prescribing information for these products. ACHL requires its speakers to disclose that a product is not labeled for the use under discussion. Discussion of Off-Label, Investigational, or Experimental Drug Use: None

Join Prof. Francesco Giorgino and Dr. Erika Bezerra Parente as they identify some takeaways from EASD 2023, including data and discussions on treatment non-adherence, SGLT2 inhibitors, and stigma For more free education, go to ⁠diabetes.knowledgeintopractice.com⁠⁠, where you can see all past episodes of the podcast as well as other free CME resources. Follow us on Twitter (⁠@dkipractice⁠⁠) or connect on ⁠LinkedIn⁠⁠. Faculty disclosures Prof. Francesco Giorgino Grants or contracts: Eli Lilly, Roche Diabetes Care Consulting: Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk Honoraria for lectures, presentations and education events: Astra-Zeneca, Boehringer-Ingelheim Advisory boards: Eli Lilly, Lifescan, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Medimmune Leadership or fiduciary role in other board: EASD/EFSD, (SIE), Fo.Ri SIE Receipt of equipment, materials, drugs, medical writing, gifts or other services: AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk Unlabelled use of drugs or devices: Roche Diabetes Care, Sanofi Dr. Erika Bezerra Parente Honoraria for lectures, presentations and education events: Sanofi Funding Information: This independent educational activity is supported by an educational grant from Novo Nordisk A/S. The educational content has been developed by Liberum IME in conjunction with an independent steering committee; Novo Nordisk A/S, has had no influence on the content of this education. Accreditation information Liberum IME staff, ACHL staff and others involved with the planning, development, and review of the content for this activity have no relevant affiliations or financial relationships to disclose. ACHL requires that the faculty participating in an accredited continuing education activity disclose all affiliations or other financial relationships within 24 months (1) with the manufacturers of any commercial product(s) and/or provider(s) of commercial services discussed in an educational presentation and (2) with any ineligible companies. All relevant financial relationships have been mitigated prior to this activity. This CME/CE activity might describe the off-label, investigational, or experimental use of medications and/or devices that may exceed their FDA-approved labeling. Physicians should consult the current manufacturers' prescribing information for these products. ACHL requires its speakers to disclose that a product is not labeled for the use under discussion. Discussion of Off-Label, Investigational, or Experimental Drug Use: None

In this epsisode Prof. Francisco Giorgino & Dr. Vanita Aroda explore how vital it is that we aim to control more than blood glucose levels when treating type 2 diabetes patients and whether we should strive for a balance by achieving weight, cardiovascular and renal targets as well. For more free education, go to diabetes.knowledgeintopractice.com⁠, where you can see all past episodes of the podcast as well as other free CME resources. Follow us on Twitter (@dkipractice⁠) or connect on LinkedIn⁠. Disclosures Prof. Francisco Giorgino: Grants or contracts: Eli Lilly, Roche Diabetes Care Consulting: Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk Honoraria for lectures, presentations and education events: Astra-Zeneca, Boehringer-Ingelheim Advisory boards: Eli Lilly, Lifescan, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Medimmune Leadership or fiduciary role in other board: EASD/EFSD, (SIE), Fo.Ri SIE Receipt of equipment, materials, drugs, medical writing, gifts or other services: AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk Unlabelled use of drugs or devices: Roche Diabetes Care, Sanofi Dr. Vanita Aroda: Consulting: Applied Therapeutics, Fractyl, Pfizer, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi Research Support: Applied Therapeutics, Eli Lilly, Fractyl, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi Target Audience: Specialty: Primary care physicians (PCPs), endocrinologists, cardiologists, diabetologists Geographic: Global (ex US and UK audiences) Funding Information: This independent educational activity is supported by an educational grant from Novo Nordisk A/S. The educational content has been developed by Liberum IME in conjunction with an independent steering committee; Novo Nordisk A/S, has had no influence on the content of this education.

Join Prof. Francisco Giorgino & Dr. Richard E. Pratley as they discuss their highlights from the 83rd American Diabetes Association (ADA 2023) congress. The congress featured over 200 scientific sessions and symposia, and 1,400 posters. Among the topics discussed are trials investigating therapies to treat obesity in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), as well as discussion about remission and what it really means for T2D. For more free education, go to ⁠diabetes.knowledgeintopractice.com⁠, where you can see all past episodes of the podcast as well as other free CME resources. Follow us on Twitter (⁠@dkipractice⁠) or connect on ⁠LinkedIn⁠. Disclosures Prof. Francisco Giorgino: Grants or contracts: Eli Lilly, Roche Diabetes Care Consulting: Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk Honoraria for lectures, presentations and education events: Astra-Zeneca, Boehringer-Ingelheim Advisory boards: Eli Lilly, Lifescan, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Medimmune Leadership or fiduciary role in other board: EASD/EFSD, (SIE), Fo.Ri SIE Receipt of equipment, materials, drugs, medical writing, gifts or other services: AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk Unlabelled use of drugs or devices: Roche Diabetes Care, Sanofi Dr. Richard E. Pratley Research grant: Dompe, Novo Nordisk Honoraria for lectures, presentations and education events: Merck, Novo Nordisk Consulting: Bayer AG, Endogenex Inc., Gasherbrum Bio Inc., Henguri (USA) Ltd. Intas Pharmaceuticals Inc. Eli Lilly, Merck, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, Rivus Pharmaceuticals Inc., Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Target Audience: Specialty: Primary care physicians (PCPs), endocrinologists, cardiologists, diabetologists Geographic: Global (ex US and UK audiences) Funding Information: This independent educational activity is supported by an educational grant from Novo Nordisk A/S. The educational content has been developed by Liberum IME in conjunction with an independent steering committee; Novo Nordisk A/S, has had no influence on the content of this education.

This year's EASD was a hybrid event, with delegates able to join either in person in Stockholm, or online via the virtual platform. As usual, the congress featured a huge number of presented abstracts, symposia and other sessions. This year also saw the publication of the updated ADA-EASD consensus report on the management of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes. Join us as we speak to Professor Apostolos Tsapas about his conference highlights, including: - 2022 ADA-EASD consensus report on the management of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes - 44-year follow-up results from the UKPDS trial - Results from the DELIVER trial of dapagliflozin in heart failure - New data on once-weekly insulins By completing this activity, you can qualify for 0.25 CME credits. To claim your credits, you must listen to the podcast and successfully pass the post-module assessment at https://diabetes.knowledgeintopractice.com. Learning objectives and references available here Disclosures: Prof. Apostolos Tsapas declares the following financial relationships from the past 24 months: Consultant: Novo Nordisk Educational grant support: Eli Lilly Investigator: Boehringer Ingelheim Liberum IME staff, ACHL staff and others involved with the planning, development, and review of the content for this activity have no relevant affiliations or financial relationships to disclose. The Academy for Continued Healthcare Learning (ACHL) requires that the faculty participating in an accredited continuing education activity disclose all affiliations or other financial relationships within 24 months (1) with the manufacturers of any commercial product(s) and/or provider(s) of commercial services discussed in an educational presentation and (2) with any ineligible companies. All relevant financial relationships have been mitigated prior to this activity. The content for this activity was developed independently of the ineligible companies. All materials are included with permission. The opinions expressed are those of the faculty and are not to be construed as those of the publisher or grantors. This educational activity was planned and produced in accordance with the ACCME Standards for Integrity and Independence in Accredited Continuing Education. Recommendations involving clinical medicine in a continuing medical education (CME/CE) activity must be based on evidence that is accepted within the profession of medicine as adequate justification for their indications and contraindications in the care of patients. All scientific research referred to, reported, or used in CME/CE in support or justification of a patient care recommendation must conform to the generally accepted standards of experimental design, data collection, and analysis. This CME/CE activity might describe the off-label, investigational, or experimental use of medications and/or devices that may exceed their FDA-approved labeling. Physicians should consult the current manufacturers' prescribing information for these products. ACHL requires its speakers to disclose that a product is not labeled for the use under discussion. Funding: This independent educational activity is supported by an educational grant from Novo Nordisk A/S. The educational content has been developed by Liberum IME in conjunction with an independent steering committee; Novo Nordisk A/S has had no influence on the content of this education.

The SURPASS program of phase 3 clinical trials led to the 2022 FDA approval and positive CHMP opinion of the first GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist, tirzepatide. Join Prof Carol Wysham for an examination of the clinical data from these trials and their potential impact on type 2 diabetes management. By completing this activity, you can qualify for 0.25 CME credits. To claim your credits, you must listen to the podcast and successfully pass the post-module assessment at https://diabetes.knowledgeintopractice.com, where you can find all past episodes of the podcast as well as other free CME resources. Learning objective After listening to this podcast series, learners will be able torecall the results of recent clinical trials for GIP/GLP-1 dual agonists References available here Disclosures Prof. Carol Wysham declares the following financial relationships from the past 24 months: Research Funding: Novo Nordisk; Eli Lilly Liberum IME staff, ACHL staff, and others involved with the planning, development, and review of the content for this activity have no relevant affiliations or financial relationships to disclose. The Academy for Continued Healthcare Learning (ACHL) requires that the faculty participating in an accredited continuing education activity disclose all affiliations or other financial relationships (1) with the manufacturers of any commercial product(s) and/or provider(s) of commercial services discussed in an educational presentation and (2) with any commercial supporters of the activity. All conflicts of interest have been mitigated prior to this activity. The content for this series was developed independently of the ineligible companies. All materials are included with permission. The opinions expressed are those of the faculty and are not to be construed as those of the publisher or grantors. This educational activity was planned and produced in accordance with the ACCME Standards for Integrity and Independence in Accredited Continuing Education. Recommendations involving clinical medicine in continuing medical education (CME/CE) activity must be based on evidence that is accepted within the profession of medicine as adequate justification for their indications and contraindications in the care of patients. All scientific research referred to, reported, or used in CME/CE in support or justification of a patient care recommendation must conform to the generally accepted standards of experimental design, data collection, and analysis. This CME/CE activity might describe the off-label, investigational, or experimental use of medications and/or devices that may exceed their FDA-approved labeling. Physicians should consult the current manufacturers' prescribing information for these products. ACHL requires its speakers to disclose that a product is not labeled for the use under discussion. Funding: This independent educational activity is supported by an educational grant from Eli Lilly. The educational content has been developed by Liberum IME in conjunction with an independent steering committee; Eli Lilly has had no influence on the content of this education.

Heterogeneity across available glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) for type 2 diabetes means that agents should be prescribed based on patient characteristics and preferences. So how can we best make that decision? Join Dr Harpreet Bajaj for a discussion of tailoring GLP-1 RA regimens to patient characteristics, including considerations for dosing and treatment intensification. By completing this activity, you can qualify for 0.25 CME credits. To claim your credits, you must listen to the podcast and successfully pass the post-module assessment. References available here Dr Harpreet Bajaj declares the following financial relationships from the past 24 months: Grants/Research Support: Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi Liberum IME staff, ACHL staff, and others involved with the planning, development, and review of the content for this activity have no relevant affiliations or financial relationships to disclose. The Academy for Continued Healthcare Learning (ACHL) requires that the faculty participating in an accredited continuing education activity disclose all affiliations or other financial relationships (1) with the manufacturers of any commercial product(s) and/or provider(s) of commercial services discussed in an educational presentation and (2) with any commercial supporters of the activity. All conflicts of interest have been mitigated prior to this activity. The content for this series was developed independently of the ineligible companies. All materials are included with permission. The opinions expressed are those of the faculty and are not to be construed as those of the publisher or grantors. This educational activity was planned and produced in accordance with the ACCME Standards for Integrity and Independence in Accredited Continuing Education. Recommendations involving clinical medicine in continuing medical education (CME/CE) activity must be based on evidence that is accepted within the profession of medicine as adequate justification for their indications and contraindications in the care of patients. All scientific research referred to, reported, or used in CME/CE in support or justification of a patient care recommendation must conform to the generally accepted standards of experimental design, data collection, and analysis. This CME/CE activity might describe the off-label, investigational, or experimental use of medications and/or devices that may exceed their FDA-approved labeling. Physicians should consult the current manufacturers' prescribing information for these products. ACHL requires its speakers to disclose that a product is not labeled for the use under discussion. Target Audience This educational activity is intended for an international audience of non-US and non-UK HCPs. Funding: This independent educational activity is supported by an educational grant from Novo Nordisk A/S. The educational content has been developed by Liberum IME in conjunction with an independent steering committee; Novo Nordisk A/S has had no influence on the content of this education.

The last two years have provided updated guidelines on management of chronic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes alongside new regulatory approvals of pharmacotherapies. In this episode we speak to Dr David Cherney about the implications of these updates and advancements. By completing this activity, you can qualify for 0.25 CME credits. To claim your credits, you must listen to the podcast and successfully pass the post-module assessment at https://diabetes.knowledgeintopractice.com, where you can find all past episodes of the podcast as well as other free CME resources. References available here Disclosures: Dr David Cherney declares the following financial relationships from the past 24 months: Honoraria: Boehringer Ingelheim-Lilly, Merck, AstraZeneca, Sanofi, Mitsubishi-Tanabe, Abbvie, Janssen, Bayer, Prometic, BMS, Maze, Gilead, CSL-Behring, Otsuka, Novartis, Youngene and Novo-Nordisk Grant/Research support: Boehringer Ingelheim-Lilly, Merck, Janssen, Sanofi, AstraZeneca, CSL-Behring, and Novo-Nordisk. Liberum IME staff, ACHL staff and others involved with the planning, development, and review of the content for this activity have no relevant affiliations or financial relationships to disclose. The Academy for Continued Healthcare Learning (ACHL) requires that the faculty participating in an accredited continuing education activity disclose all affiliations or other financial relationships (1) with the manufacturers of any commercial product(s) and/or provider(s) of commercial services discussed in an educational presentation and (2) with any commercial supporters of the activity. All conflicts of interest have been mitigated prior to this activity. Funding: This independent educational activity is supported by an educational grant from Eli Lilly. The educational content has been developed by Liberum IME in conjunction with an independent steering committee; Eli Lilly has had no influence on the content of this education.

The past year has included the release of new guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention and further data on cardioprotective agents in type 2 diabetes. In this episode we speak to Prof. Naveed Sattar about these guidelines and how best to help people with type 2 diabetes to reduce their cardiovascular risk. By completing this activity, you can qualify for 0.25 CME credits. To claim your credits, you must listen to the podcast and successfully pass the post-module assessment at https://diabetes.knowledgeintopractice.com, where you can find all past episodes of the podcast as well as other free CME resources. References available here Disclosures: Prof. Naveed Sattar declares the following financial relationships from the past 24 months: Advisory - Afimmune, Amgen, Eli Lilly, Hanmi Pharmaceuticals, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, Sanofi Consulting - Abbott Laboratories, Afimmune, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Hanmi Pharmaceuticals, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, Sanofi Speaker honoraria - Amgen, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi Grant funding - AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, Roche Diagnostics Discussion of Off-Label, Investigational, or Experimental Drug/Device Use: Efpeglenatide for type 2 diabetes Liberum IME staff, ACHL staff and others involved with the planning, development, and review of the content for this activity have no relevant affiliations or financial relationships to disclose. The Academy for Continued Healthcare Learning (ACHL) requires that the faculty participating in an accredited continuing education activity disclose all affiliations or other financial relationships (1) with the manufacturers of any commercial product(s) and/or provider(s) of commercial services discussed in an educational presentation and (2) with any commercial supporters of the activity. All conflicts of interest have been mitigated prior to this activity. Funding: This independent educational activity is supported by an educational grant from Novo Nordisk A/S. The educational content has been developed by Liberum IME in conjunction with an independent steering committee; Novo Nordisk A/S has had no influence on the content of this education.

This year saw the regulatory approval of the first dual GIP/GLP-1 dual agonist for type 2 diabetes. With several other multi-agonists in development, what does this mean for clinicians caring for people with type 2 diabetes? Join Prof. Filip Knop for an overview of these new and emerging agents. By completing this activity, you can qualify for 0.25 CME credits. To claim your credits, you must listen to the podcast and successfully pass the post-module assessment at https://diabetes.knowledgeintopractice.com, where you can find all past episodes of the podcast as well as other free CME resources. References available here Disclosures: Prof. Filip Knop declares the following financial relationships from the past 24 months: Honorarium recipient: AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi Speakers Bureau: AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi Consultant (Occasional): AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi Advisor or Review Panel member: Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi Discussion of Off-Label, Investigational, or Experimental Drug Use: None Liberum IME staff, ACHL staff and others involved with the planning, development, and review of the content for this activity have no relevant affiliations or financial relationships to disclose. The Academy for Continued Healthcare Learning (ACHL) requires that the faculty participating in an accredited continuing education activity disclose all affiliations or other financial relationships (1) with the manufacturers of any commercial product(s) and/or provider(s) of commercial services discussed in an educational presentation and (2) with any commercial supporters of the activity. All conflicts of interest have been mitigated prior to this activity. Funding: This independent educational activity is supported by an educational grant from Eli Lilly. The educational content has been developed by Liberum IME in conjunction with an independent steering committee; Eli Lilly has had no influence on the content of this education.

The importance of weight loss in type 2 diabetes was a major topic at the recent American Diabetes Association (ADA) 2022 Scientific Sessions. As weight management is a complex issue affected by both genetic and environmental factors, we shed light on the latest advances in obesity care for individuals with type 2 diabetes. Join us as we examine the effect of lifestyle interventions, metabolic surgery and the latest pharmaceutical agents, and discuss the state of the field with Dr Robert Kushner. By completing this activity, you can qualify for 0.25 CME credits. To claim your credits, you must listen to the podcast and successfully pass the post-module assessment at https://diabetes.knowledgeintopractice.com, where you can find all past episodes of the podcast as well as other free CME resources. References available here Dr Robert Kushner declares the following financial relationships from the past 24 months: Consultant: Lilly, Pfizer Board member: Novo Nordisk, WW Liberum IME staff, ACHL staff and others involved with the planning, development, and review of the content for this activity have no relevant affiliations or financial relationships to disclose. The Academy for Continued Healthcare Learning (ACHL) requires that the faculty participating in an accredited continuing education activity disclose all affiliations or other financial relationships (1) with the manufacturers of any commercial product(s) and/or provider(s) of commercial services discussed in an educational presentation and (2) with any commercial supporters of the activity. All conflicts of interest have been mitigated prior to this activity. Funding: This independent educational activity is supported by an educational grant from Novo Nordisk A/S. The educational content has been developed by Liberum IME in conjunction with an independent steering committee; Novo Nordisk A/S has had no influence on the content of this education.

The ADA 2022 was full of interesting symposia, updates on ongoing clinical trials, and a draft of an updated ADA-EASD consensus report. This year's conference also put particular emphasis on weight [EP1] management in the setting of type 2 diabetes as well as its associated cardiovascular and kidney comorbidities. Join us as we speak to Professor Jennifer Green about her conference highlights, including: - Draft ADA-EASD Consensus Report - Results from the SURMOUNT-1 clinical trial of tirzepatide in people with obesity - Further data for dual and triple incretin agonists and their potential future role By completing this activity, you can qualify for 0.25 CME credits. To claim your credits, you must listen to the podcast and successfully pass the post-module assessment at https://diabetes.knowledgeintopractice.com, where you can find all past episodes of the podcast as well as other free CME resources. References available here Disclosures: Prof. Jennifer Green declares the following financial relationships from the past 24 months: Consultant: AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim/Lilly, Hawthorne Effect/Omada (ended), Pfizer, NovoNordisk, Sanofi/Lexicon, ICON/Vertex, and Anji. Research support: Boehringer Ingelheim/Lilly, Merck, and Roche. Liberum IME staff, ACHL staff and others involved with the planning, development, and review of the content for this activity have no relevant affiliations or financial relationships to disclose. The Academy for Continued Healthcare Learning (ACHL) requires that the faculty participating in an accredited continuing education activity disclose all affiliations or other financial relationships (1) with the manufacturers of any commercial product(s) and/or provider(s) of commercial services discussed in an educational presentation and (2) with any commercial supporters of the activity. All conflicts of interest have been mitigated prior to this activity. Funding: This independent educational activity is supported by an educational grant from Eli Lilly. The educational content has been developed by Liberum IME in conjunction with an independent steering committee; Eli Lilly has had no influence on the content of this education.

NASH has historically had very few treatment options, with none currently indicated specifically for NASH. But a large number of ongoing clinical trials means that treatment may look different in the future. Join Professor Philip Newsome for an overview of current treatments in NASH, as well as how treatment may change in the future. By completing this activity you can qualify for 0.25 CME credits. To claim your credits, you must listen to the podcast and successfully pass the post-module assessment at diabetes.knowledgeintopractice.com, where you can find all past episodes of the podcast as well as other free CME resources. References: References are available here Disclosures: Prof. Philip Newsome declares the following: Consultant on behalf of the University of Birmingham: Boehringer Ingelheim, Novo Nordisk, Intercept, BMS, Gilead, Poxel Pharmaceuticals Grants/Research Support recipient: Novo Nordisk, Boehringer Ingelheim Liberum IME staff, ACHL staff and others involved with the planning, development, and review of the content for this activity have no relevant affiliations or financial relationships to disclose. The Academy for Continued Healthcare Learning (ACHL) requires that the faculty participating in an accredited continuing education activity disclose all affiliations or other financial relationships (1) with the manufacturers of any commercial product(s) and/or provider(s) of commercial services discussed in an educational presentation and (2) with any commercial supporters of the activity. All conflicts of interest have been mitigated prior to this activity. Funding: This independent educational activity is supported by an educational grant from Novo Nordisk A/S. The educational content has been developed by Liberum IME in conjunction with an independent steering committee; Novo Nordisk A/S has had no influence on the content of this education.

GLP-1 receptor agonists including semaglutide have been shown to offer benefits for glycemic control, weight loss and cardiovascular protection in type 2 diabetes. But where a patient requires more glycemic control, would a higher dose be of help? The SUSTAIN FORTE trial was a randomized, double-blind, phase 3B trial that aimed to establish whether a higher dose of semaglutide was superior to the highest approved maintenance dose for glycemic control. Join Dr Juan Pablo Frias for a summary of the trial data and its potential implications for clinical practice. By completing this activity you can qualify for 0.25 CME credits. To claim your credits, you must listen to the podcast and successfully pass the post-module assessment at https://diabetes.knowledgeintopractice.com, where you can find all past episodes of the podcast as well as other free CME resources. Reference: Frías JP, et al. Efficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide 2·0 mg versus 1·0 mg in patients with type 2 diabetes (SUSTAIN FORTE): a double-blind, randomised, phase 3B trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2021;9(9):563-574. Disclosures: Dr Juan Pablo Frías declares the following: Grants/Research Support, Advisory Boards, Honoraria receipt - Novo Nordisk, Eli Lilly, Sanofi, Pfizer Liberum IME staff, ACHL staff and others involved with the planning, development, and review of the content for this activity have no relevant affiliations or financial relationships to disclose. The Academy for Continued Healthcare Learning (ACHL) requires that the faculty participating in an accredited continuing education activity disclose all affiliations or other financial relationships (1) with the manufacturers of any commercial product(s) and/or provider(s) of commercial services discussed in an educational presentation and (2) with any commercial supporters of the activity. All conflicts of interest have been mitigated prior to this activity.

In late 2020, we published an episode looking at the management of diabetes and heart failure when both present together. Since then, a wealth of evidence has been published on the effects of sodium glucose cotransporter type 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in people with heart failure with or without type 2 diabetes. These findings have led to expanded indications for some of these agents to include heart failure. Today we will examine these data and their relevance in clinical practice in the setting of type 2 diabetes with heart failure. Joining us to discuss what these data mean for clinical practice is Prof. Javed Butler, who is Professor and Chairman of the Department of Medicine at the University of Mississippi Medical Centre in Jackson, Mississippi. By completing this activity you can qualify for 0.25 CME credits. To claim your credits, you must listen to the podcast and successfully pass the post-module assessment at https://diabetes.knowledgeintopractice.com, where you can find all past episodes of the podcast as well as other free CME resources. Disclosures: Prof. Javed Butler declares the following: Consultant: Abbott, Adrenomed, Amgen, Applied Therapeutics, Array, Astra Zeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, CVRx, G3 Pharma, Impulse Dynamics, Innolife, Janssen, LivaNova, Luitpold, Medtronic, Merck, Novartis, NovoNordisk, Relypsa, Roche, Sequana Medical, and Vifor Speakers Bureaus: Novartis, Boehringer Ingelheim-Lilly, Astra Zeneca, Janssen Liberum IME staff, ACHL staff and others involved with the planning, development, and review of the content for this activity have no relevant affiliations or financial relationships to disclose. The Academy for Continued Healthcare Learning (ACHL) requires that the faculty participating in an accredited continuing education activity disclose all affiliations or other financial relationships (1) with the manufacturers of any commercial product(s) and/or provider(s) of commercial services discussed in an educational presentation and (2) with any commercial supporters of the activity. All conflicts of interest have been mitigated prior to this activity. Funding: This independent educational activity is supported by an educational grant from Eli Lilly. The educational content has been developed by Liberum IME in conjunction with an independent steering committee; Eli Lilly has had no influence on the content of this education.

The 2022 Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes is published every year by the American Diabetes Association to reflect the latest available clinical evidence. The most significant updates this year include a lower age to begin screening for prediabetes and diabetes, an increased emphasis on individualization of treatment, and further recommendations around the use of technologies such as continuous glucose monitoring and treatment of obesity. To hear more about some of these updates and their rationale, we're joined by Professor Anne Peters, a member of the ADA's Professional Practice Committee which reviews and updates the Standards. By completing this activity you can qualify for 0.25 CME credits. To claim your credits, you must listen to the podcast and successfully pass the post-module assessment at https://diabetes.knowledgeintopractice.com, where you can find all past episodes of the podcast as well as other free CME resources. Reference: American Diabetes Association. Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2022. Diabetes Care. 2022 Jan 1;45(Suppl 1):S1-S264. Disclosures: Prof. Anne Peters disclosures are as follows: Participation on an advisory board - Abbott Diabetes Care, Astra Zeneca, Eli Lilly, Medscape, Novo Nordisk, ShouTi Inc, Vertex, Zealand Research support - Abbott Diabetes Care, Dexcom, Insulet Stock - Teladoc Stock options - Omada Health Liberum IME staff, ACHL staff and others involved with the planning, development, and review of the content for this activity have no relevant affiliations or financial relationships to disclose. The Academy for Continued Healthcare Learning (ACHL) requires that the faculty participating in an accredited continuing education activity disclose all affiliations or other financial relationships (1) with the manufacturers of any commercial product(s) and/or provider(s) of commercial services discussed in an educational presentation and (2) with any commercial supporters of the activity. All conflicts of interest have been mitigated prior to this activity. Funding: This independent educational activity is supported by an educational grant from Novo Nordisk A/S. The educational content has been developed by Liberum IME in conjunction with an independent steering committee; Novo Nordisk A/S has had no influence on the content of this education.

NASH occurs in around 20% of individuals with NAFLD, and puts patients at high risk of poor outcomes including cardiovascular events and hepatocellular carcinoma. With people with type 2 diabetes and obesity at significantly increased risk for developing NAFLD, how can we identify those with NASH? In this podcast episode, we are joined by Dr Kenneth Cusi to discuss how patients can be risk stratified using non-invasive biomarkers and imaging techniques. By completing this activity you can qualify for 0.25 CME credits. To claim your credits, you must listen to the podcast and successfully pass the post-module assessment at diabetes.knowledgeintopractice.com, where you can find all past episodes of the podcast as well as other free CME resources. References: Nones RB et al. Can FIB4 and NAFLD fibrosis scores help endocrinologists refer patients with non-alcoholic fat liver disease to a hepatologist? Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2017 May-Jun;61(3):276-281. Shah AG et al. Comparison of noninvasive markers of fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009 Oct;7(10):1104-12. Newsome PN et al. FibroScan-AST (FAST) score for the non-invasive identification of patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis with significant activity and fibrosis: a prospective derivation and global validation study. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020 Apr;5(4):362-373. European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL); European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD); European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO). EASL-EASD-EASO Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Obes Facts 2016;9(2):65-90. Disclosures: Dr Kenneth Cusi disclosures are as follows: Research Support - Poxel, Zydus, Echosens, Inventiva, Novo Nordisk Consultant - Allergan, Altimmune, Arrowhead, AstraZeneca, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Coherus, Eli Lilly, Genentech, Gilead, Intercept, Janssen, Pfizer, Prosciento, Madrigal, and Novo Nordisk. Liberum IME staff, ACHL staff and others involved with the planning, development, and review of the content for this activity have no relevant affiliations or financial relationships to disclose. The Academy for Continued Healthcare Learning (ACHL) requires that the faculty participating in an accredited continuing education activity disclose all affiliations or other financial relationships (1) with the manufacturers of any commercial product(s) and/or provider(s) of commercial services discussed in an educational presentation and (2) with any commercial supporters of the activity. All conflicts of interest have been mitigated prior to this activity. Funding: This independent educational activity is supported by an educational grant from Novo Nordisk A/S. The educational content has been developed by Liberum IME in conjunction with an independent steering committee; Novo Nordisk A/S has had no influence on the content of this education.

Description: A year ago, we published an episode looking at diabetes management in the context of ongoing restrictions in many parts of the world. Since then, a wealth of clinical data has continued to be published on the bidirectional relationship between diabetes and Covid-19, so today we're taking a closer look at these data. We're joined by Professor Partha Kar, National Specialty Advisor, Diabetes for NHS England, to discuss what the data mean for clinical practice. By completing this activity you can qualify for 0.25 CME credits. To claim your credits, you must listen to the podcast and successfully pass the post-module assessment at https://diabetes.knowledgeintopractice.com, where you can find all past episodes of the podcast as well as other free CME resources. References: Kamrath C, et al. Incidence of Type 1 Diabetes in Children and Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Germany: Results From the DPV Registry. Diabetes Care. 2022 Jan 17:dc210969. Gottesman BL, et al. Incidence of New-Onset Type 1 Diabetes Among US Children During the COVID-19 Global Pandemic. JAMA Pediatr. 2022 Apr 1;176(4):414-415. McGlacken-Byrne SM, et al. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is associated with increased severity of presentation of childhood onset type 1 diabetes mellitus: A multi-centre study of the first COVID-19 wave. Diabet Med. Sep 2021;38(9):e14640. Barrett CE, et al. Risk for Newly Diagnosed Diabetes >30 Days After SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Persons Aged

This is a special episode brought to you in association with Hepatology Knowledge into Practice. People with type 2 diabetes or obesity are at higher risk of developing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) including non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Some estimates report a prevalence of NAFLD of 60% in people with type 2 diabetes, rising to 78% in those who also have obesity. So what's behind this link? In this podcast episode, Professor Giulio Marchesini explores the relationships between NAFLD, type 2 diabetes and obesity and offers advice for healthcare professionals caring for people with one or more of these conditions. By completing this activity you can qualify for 0.25 CME credits. To claim your credits, you must listen to the podcast and successfully pass the post-module assessment at diabetes.knowledgeintopractice.com, where you can find all past episodes of the podcast as well as other free CME resources. References: Dai W, et al. Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017 Sep;96(39):e8179. Padda J, et al. Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Its Association With Diabetes Mellitus. Cureus. 2021 Aug 20;13(8):e17321. Mantovani A, et al. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Risk of Incident Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-analysis. Diabetes Care. 2018 Feb; 41(2):372-382. Targher G, et al. Diabetologia. 2008 Mar; 51(3):444-50. Godoy-Matos AF, et al. NAFLD as a continuum: from obesity to metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2020 Jul 14;12:60. Eslam M, Sanyal AJ, George J; International Consensus Panel. MAFLD: A Consensus-Driven Proposed Nomenclature for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease. Gastroenterology. 2020 May;158(7):1999-2014.e1. Kim D, et al. Body Fat Distribution and Risk of Incident and Regressed Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016 Jan;14(1):132-8.e4. Disclosures: Prof. Giulio Marchesini declares the following: Advisory Board: Novartis, Eli Lilly, Gilead, MSD, Pfzier, Astra-Zeneca Liberum IME staff, ACHL staff and others involved with the planning, development, and review of the content for this activity have no relevant affiliations or financial relationships to disclose. The Academy for Continued Healthcare Learning (ACHL) requires that the faculty participating in an accredited continuing education activity disclose all affiliations or other financial relationships (1) with the manufacturers of any commercial product(s) and/or provider(s) of commercial services discussed in an educational presentation and (2) with any commercial supporters of the activity. All conflicts of interest have been mitigated prior to this activity. Funding: This independent educational activity is supported by an educational grant from Novo Nordisk A/S. The educational content has been developed by Liberum IME in conjunction with an independent steering committee; Novo Nordisk A/S has had no influence on the content of this education.

This is a special episode brought to you in association with Hepatology Knowledge into Practice. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a spectrum of liver disease, of which an advanced form is non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). But how does this condition develop, and why is it associated with poor outcomes? In this podcast episode, Professor Zobair Younossi discusses the latest evidence on the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of NASH, and how it can lead to poor outcomes. By completing this module you can qualify for 0.25 CME credits. To claim your credits, you must listen to the podcast and successfully pass the post-module assessment at diabetes.knowledgeintopractice.com, where you can find all past episodes of the podcast as well as other free CME resources. References: Eslam M, Sanyal AJ, George J; International Consensus Panel. MAFLD: A Consensus-Driven Proposed Nomenclature for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease. Gastroenterology. 2020 May;158(7):1999-2014.e1. Marjot T, Moolla A, Cobbold JF, Hodson L, Tomlinson JW. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Adults: Current Concepts in Etiology, Outcomes, and Management. Endocr Rev. 2020 Jan 1;41(1):bnz009. Wild SH, Walker JJ, Morling JR, McAllister DA, Colhoun HM, Farran B, McGurnaghan S, McCrimmon R, Read SH, Sattar N, Byrne CD; Scottish Diabetes Research Network Epidemiology Group. Cardiovascular Disease, Cancer, and Mortality Among People With Type 2 Diabetes and Alcoholic or Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Hospital Admission. Diabetes Care. 2018 Feb;41(2):341-347. Disclosures: Prof. Zobair Younossi declares XYZ. All conflicts of interest have been mitigated prior to this activity. Disclosures: Professor Zobair Younossi declares the following: Consultant: Merck, Gilead, Siemens, Intercept, Bristol Myers Squibb Funding: This independent educational activity is supported by an educational grant from Novo Nordisk A/S. The educational content has been developed by Liberum IME in conjunction with an independent steering committee; Novo Nordisk A/S has had no influence on the content of this education.

Despite the ongoing challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic, 2021 brought us many more significant developments in type 2 diabetes research. In our final episode of the year, join Dr Kevin Fernando to hear his highlights from 2021 and thoughts about the year ahead. Dr Fernando is a GP partner with a special interest in diabetes, and is Scottish Lead for the UK Primary Care Diabetes Society. For more free CME, go to diabetes.knowledgeintopractice.com, where you can see all past episodes of the podcast as well as other free CME resources. Follow us on Twitter (@dkipractice) or connect on LinkedIn. References: Butler J, et al. Empagliflozin, Health Status, and Quality of Life in Patients with Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction: The EMPEROR-Preserved Trial. Circulation. 2021 Nov 15. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.057812. Epub ahead of print. Wilding JPH, et al. Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity. N Engl J Med. 2021 Mar 18;384(11):989. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2032183. Epub 2021 Feb 10. Taylor R, et al. Intra-organ fat content during weight loss-induced remission of type 2 diabetes in people with normal or raised BMI. Abstract 110 presented at the 57th Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes, 27 September – 1 October 2021, virtual. Diabetologia. 2021 Sep 64:1–380. Disclosures: Dr Kevin Fernando has no relevant disclosures to report at this time. This independent educational activity is supported by an educational grant from Novo Nordisk A/S. The educational content has been developed by Liberum IME in conjunction with an independent steering committee; Novo Nordisk A/S has had no influence on the content of this education.

Today we're joined by Professor Naveed Sattar for a summary of some of the key takeaways from the International Diabetes Federation Virtual Congress 2021. Professor Sattar is Professor of Metabolic Medicine at the University of Glasgow, and was Committee Lead for the Cardiovascular Disease & Hypertension stream at the congress. For more free education, go to diabetes.knowledgeintopractice.com, where you can see all past episodes of the podcast as well as other free CME resources. Follow us on Twitter (@dkipractice) or connect on LinkedIn. Disclosures: Professor Naveed Sattar declares the following: Advisory board: Amgen, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, Sanofi Speaker honoraria: Amgen, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi Institutional research grant: Boehringer Ingelheim All conflicts have been mitigated prior to this activity. This independent educational activity is supported by an educational grant from Novo Nordisk A/S. The educational content has been developed by Liberum IME in conjunction with an independent steering committee; Novo Nordisk A/S has had no influence on the content of this education.

Novel insulin-based therapies that are currently in development center around convenience and patient adherence, in addition to safety and efficacy. With once-weekly insulins and glucose-sensitive insulins under clinical study, there is hope for expanded treatment options for people with type 2 diabetes who need insulin, many of which take into account patient lifestyles and personal preferences. Join Prof. Simon Heller for a discussion of potential future uses of these technologies. Visit our website diabetes.knowledgeintopractice.com, where you can see all past episodes of the podcast as well as other free CME resources. Follow us on Twitter (@dkipractice) or connect on LinkedIn. Disclosures: Prof. Simon Heller declares the following: Advisory Board: NovoNordisk, Sanofi Aventis, Eli Lilly, Zealand Pharma Speakers Bureau: NovoNordisk, Astra Zeneca Consultancy: Zealand Pharma All conflicts have been mitigated prior to this activity. This independent educational activity is supported by an educational grant from Novo Nordisk A/S. The educational content has been developed by Liberum IME in conjunction with an independent steering committee; Novo Nordisk A/S has had no influence on the content of this education. References: Home PD, Mehta R. Insulin therapy development beyond 100 years. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2021;9(10):695-707. Frias JP, Chien J, Zhang Q, et al. Once Weekly Basal Insulin Fc (BIF) is Safe and Efficacious in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) Previously Treated With Basal Insulin. J Endocr Soc. 2021;5(s1):A448-A449. Rosenstock J, Bajaj HS, Janež A, Silver R, Begtrup K, Hansen MV, Jia T, Goldenberg R; NN1436-4383 Investigators. Once-Weekly Insulin for Type 2 Diabetes without Previous Insulin Treatment. N Engl J Med. 2020 Nov 26;383(22):2107-2116. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2022474. Epub 2020 Sep 22.

Listen to a 5-minute summary of a study investigating the effects of variation in sleep duration and quality on postprandial blood sugar responses after breakfast the following morning, published in Diabetologia. A quick overview of the key findings is presented. Publication: Tsereteli N, Vallat R, Fernandez-Tajes J, et al. Impact of insufficient sleep on dysregulated blood glucose control under standardised meal conditions. Diabetologia. 2021 Nov 30. doi: 10.1007/s00125-021-05608-y Epub ahead of print. Additional references: Zee PC, Turek FW (2006) Sleep and health: everywhere and in both directions. Arch Intern Med. 166(16):1686–1688. Lee SWH, Ng KY, Chin WK (2017) The impact of sleep amount and sleep quality on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev 31:91–101. Kim D, Hoyos CM, Mokhlesi B, Pamidi S and Jun JC (2020) Editorial: Metabolic Health in Normal and Abnormal Sleep. Front. Endocrinol. 11:131. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00131 Kothari V, Cardona Z, Chirakalwasan N, Anothaisintawee T, Reutrakul S (2021) Sleep interventions and glucose metabolism: systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med 78:24–35. For more free education, visit the DKIP website, follow us on Twitter (@dkipractice) or connect on LinkedIn. Funding statement: This independent educational activity is supported by an educational grant from Novo Nordisk A/S. The educational content has been developed by Liberum IME in conjunction with an independent steering committee; Novo Nordisk A/S has had no influence on the content of this education.

Listen to a 5-minute summary of a study investigating how mortality for type 1 and type 2 diabetes varies in an incident population in England and Wales, analysed by sex and age of diagnosis, published in the Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology. A quick overview of the key findings is presented. Publication: Holman N, Wild SH, Gregg EW, Valabhji J, Sattar N, Khunti K; National Diabetes Audit Research Group. Comparison of mortality in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes by age of diagnosis: an incident population-based study in England and Wales. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2021 Nov 22:S2213-8587(21)00293-X. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(21)00293-X. Epub ahead of print. Additional references: Chan JCN, Lim LL, Wareham NJ, et al. The Lancet Commission on diabetes: using data to transform diabetes care and patient lives. Lancet 2020; 396: 2019–82. Constantino MI, Molyneaux L, Limacher-Gisler F, et al. Long-term complications and mortality in young-onset diabetes: type 2 diabetes is more hazardous and lethal than type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2013; 36: 3863–69. For more free education, visit the DKIP website, follow us on Twitter (@dkipractice) or connect on LinkedIn. Funding statement: This independent educational activity is supported by an educational grant from Novo Nordisk A/S. The educational content has been developed by Liberum IME in conjunction with an independent steering committee; Novo Nordisk A/S has had no influence on the content of this education.

Listen to a 5-minute summary of a linear regression modelling analysis investigating the linkage between sub-clinical cognitive impairment and diabetic peripheral neuropathy in adults with type 2 diabetes for < 10 years, published in the Journal of Diabetes and its Complications. A quick overview of the key findings is presented. Publication: Barzilay JI, Ghosh A, Busui RP, et al. The cross-sectional association of cognition with diabetic peripheral and autonomic neuropathy-The GRADE study. J Diabetes Complications. 2021;35(12):108047. Additional references: Hicks CW, Selvin E. Epidemiology of peripheral neuropathy and lower extremity disease in diabetes. Curr Diab Rep;19(10):86. For more free education, visit the DKIP website, follow us on Twitter (@dkipractice) or connect on LinkedIn. Funding statement: This independent educational activity is supported by an educational grant from Novo Nordisk A/S. The educational content has been developed by Liberum IME in conjunction with an independent steering committee; Novo Nordisk A/S has had no influence on the content of this education.

Which diet is best for weight management in type 2 diabetes? And which diet might give the best chances of remission? Hear a 5-minute summary of an umbrella review of meta-analyses looking at dietary approaches to weight management in type 2 diabetes, and a systematic review of trials of diets targeting remission. For more free education, visit the DKIP website, follow us on Twitter (@dkipractice) or connect on LinkedIn. Publication: Churuangsuk C, et al. Diets for weight management in adults with type 2 diabetes: an umbrella review of published meta-analyses and systematic review of trials of diets for diabetes remission. Diabetologia. 2021 Nov 17. Additional references: American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2021;44(Supplement 1) Funding statement: This independent educational activity is supported by an educational grant from Novo Nordisk A/S. The educational content has been developed by Liberum IME in conjunction with an independent steering committee; Novo Nordisk A/S has had no influence on the content of this education.

While sometimes thought of as an issue only in type 1 diabetes, hypoglycemia is a concern for anyone taking insulin, and, to a lesser extent, other antihyperglycemic agents. This episode we're joined by Brian Frier, Honorary Professor of Diabetes at the University of Edinburgh, who has published extensively in this field, to hear his advice on mitigating risk and why this is important for long-term outcomes. We've got a new website! Find it at diabetes.knowledgeintopractice.com, where you can see all past episodes of the podcast as well as other free CME resources. Follow us on Twitter (@dkipractice) or connect on LinkedIn. Disclosures: Prof. Brian Frier declares the following: Speakers Bureau: Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Abbott Advisory Board member: Zucara Therapeutics All conflicts of interest have been mitigated prior to this activity. Funding statement: This independent educational activity is supported by an educational grant from Novo Nordisk A/S. The educational content has been developed by Liberum IME in conjunction with an independent steering committee; Novo Nordisk A/S has had no influence on the content of this education.

Hear a 5-minute summary of a post hoc analysis of the LEADER trial investigating whether frequency of non-severe hypoglycemic episodes is associated with severe hypoglycemia, major adverse cardiovascular events, cardiovascular death, and all-cause mortality. Listen for a quick overview of the key findings. Publication: Heller SR, Geybels MS, Iqbal A, et al. A higher non-severe hypoglycaemia rate is associated with an increased risk of subsequent severe hypoglycaemia and major adverse cardiovascular events in individuals with type 2 diabetes in the LEADER study. Diabetologia (2021) https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-021-05556-7 Additional references: Heller S, Lingway I, Marso SP, et al. Risk of severe hypoglycaemia and its impact in type 2 diabetes in DEVOTE. Diabetes, Obes Metab. 2020;22(12):2241-2247. Zinman B, Marso SP, Christiansen E, et al. Hypoglycaemia, cardiovascular outcomes, and death: the LEADER experience. Diabetes Care. 2018;41(8):1783-1791. For more free education, visit the DKIP website, follow us on Twitter (@dkipractice) or connect on LinkedIn. Funding statement: This independent educational activity is supported by an educational grant from Novo Nordisk A/S. The educational content has been developed by Liberum IME in conjunction with an independent steering committee; Novo Nordisk A/S has had no influence on the content of this education.

This week we're joined by Prof. Tina Vilsbøll to discuss how different second-line agents for type 2 diabetes compare, and what we should consider when selecting between them. Listen for a summary of what the data tells us about GLP-1 RAs, SGLT2is and DPP-4is. We've got a new website! Find it at diabetes.knowledgeintopractice.com, where you can see all past episodes of the podcast as well as other free CME resources. Follow us on Twitter (@dkipractice) or connect on LinkedIn. Disclosures: Prof. Tina Vilsbøll declares the following: Consultant, ad. board: Astra, Novo, BMS, Merck, Lilly, Sanofi; Gilead, Sunpharma, Boehringer, Mundipharma All conflicts of interest have been mitigated prior to this activity. This independent educational activity is supported by an educational grant from Novo Nordisk A/S. The educational content has been developed by Liberum IME in conjunction with an independent steering committee; Novo Nordisk A/S has had no influence on the content of this education.

A 5-minute summary of a randomized controlled trial comparing the effects of a short-acting vs. long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist on food intake, appetite and exocrine pancreas function, published in Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism. Listen for a quick overview of the key findings. Publication: Quast DR, et al. Macronutrient intake, appetite, food preferences and exocrine pancreas function after treatment with short- and long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2021 Oct;23(10):2344-2353. Additional references: Meier JJ. GLP-1 receptor agonists for individualized treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2012 Dec;8(12):728-42. For more free education, visit the DKIP website, follow us on Twitter (@dkipractice) or connect on LinkedIn. Funding statement: This independent educational activity is supported by an educational grant from Novo Nordisk A/S. The educational content has been developed by Liberum IME in conjunction with an independent steering committee; Novo Nordisk A/S has had no influence on the content of this education.

2019 saw a dramatic change to ESC guidelines for type 2 diabetes, with SGLT2 inhibitor or GLP-1 agonist monotherapy recommended at first line in most patients. The announcement launched a debate in the diabetes community about the data behind this decision. Prof. David Matthews joins us this week to discuss what has changed since the guideline publication, and whether we are any closer to a consensus on these points. We've got a new website! Find it at diabetes.knowledgeintopractice.com, where you can see all past episodes of the podcast as well as other free CME resources. Follow us on Twitter (@dkipractice) or connect on LinkedIn. References: Cosentino F et al. Eur Heart J. 2020 Jan 7;41(2):255-323 American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2021;44(Supplement 1) Marx N, et al. Guideline recommendations and the positioning of newer drugs in type 2 diabetes care. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2021 Jan;9(1):46-52 Disclosures: Prof. David Matthews declares the following: Steering committee FOCUS. Advisory Board Semaglutide - Novo Nordisk Chair of steering committee, VERIFY trial - Novartis Co-chair of CANVAS and CANVAS-R trials - Janssen Servier support our Tseu fellows programme in Oxford - Servier All conflicts of interest have been mitigated prior to this activity. This independent educational activity is supported by an educational grant from Novo Nordisk A/S. The educational content has been developed by Liberum IME in conjunction with an independent steering committee; Novo Nordisk A/S has had no influence on the content of this education.

This week we bring you our first podcast debate! Today's motion is 'A GLP-1 receptor agonist + basal insulin supersedes the need for basal-bolus regimens in type 2 diabetes' and will be debated by two esteemed experts: For - Prof. Anne Peters, Professor of Clinical Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, USA. Against - Prof. Richard Holt, Professor in Diabetes and Endocrinology, University of Southampton, UK Since 2018, guidelines have recommended that a GLP-1 RA should be attempted before advancing to insulin, meaning that most people starting insulin should, in theory, be already taking a GLP-1 RA. So is there still a place for basal-bolus regimens? We've got a new website! Find it at diabetes.knowledgeintopractice.com, where you can see all past episodes of the podcast as well as other free CME resources. Follow us on Twitter (@dkipractice) or connect on LinkedIn. Disclosures: Prof. Anne Peters declares the following: Participation on an advisory board: Abbott Diabetes Care, Astra Zeneca, Eli Lilly, Medscape, Novo Nordisk, Zealand Research Support: Dexcom, Insulet and donated devices from Abbott Diabetes Care Stock Options: Omada Health, Teladoc Prof. Richard Holt declares the following: Research Funding: Novo Nordisk Speaker: Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk All conflicts of interest have been mitigated prior to this activity. Funding statement: This independent educational activity is supported by an educational grant from Novo Nordisk A/S. The educational content has been developed by Liberum IME in conjunction with an independent steering committee; Novo Nordisk A/S has had no influence on the content of this education.

This week we're joined by Prof. Peter Rossing to discuss an evolving case covering glycemic control, target setting, and development of complications. Prof. Rossing is head of complications research at Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, professor of endocrinology at the University of Copenhagen, and an author of the ADA/EASD consensus report on the management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes. We've got a new website! Find it at diabetes.knowledgeintopractice.com, where you can see all past episodes of the podcast as well as other free CME resources. Follow us on Twitter (@dkipractice) or connect on LinkedIn. Disclosures: Prof. Rossing discloses the following: Advisor (fee to institution) - Astra Zeneca, Astellas, Bayer, Novo Nordisk, Gilead, Vifor, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Sanofi Research grant to Institution - Astra Zeneca, Novo Nordisk All conflicts of interest have been mitigated prior to this activity. Funding statement: This independent educational activity is supported by an educational grant from Novo Nordisk A/S. The educational content has been developed by Liberum IME in conjunction with an independent steering committee; Novo Nordisk A/S has had no influence on the content of this education.

In recent years there have been significant advances in the capabilities and availability of diabetes technologies. These are more widely used in type 1 diabetes, but could devices like continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) and closed-loop systems be useful for type 2 diabetes? What about time in range as a target? Join Dr Alice Cheng for a discussion of future uses of these technologies. We've got a new website! Find it at diabetes.knowledgeintopractice.com, where you can see all past episodes of the podcast as well as other free CME resources. Follow us on Twitter (@dkipractice) or connect on LinkedIn. References: American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2021;44(Supplement 1) Boughton CK, et al. Fully automated closed-loop glucose control compared with standard insulin therapy in adults with type 2 diabetes requiring dialysis: an open-label, randomized crossover trial. Nat Med. 2021 Aug;27(8):1471-1476. doi: 10.1038/s41591-021-01453-z. Epub 2021 Aug 4. Erratum in: Nat Med. 2021 Oct;27(10):1850. Ajjan R, et al. The LIBERATES Trial - improving gLucose control in patIents with diaBEtes following myocaRdial infArction: The role of a novEl glycaemic monitoring Strategy. Presented at the 56th Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD), 21 - 25 September 2020, virtual. Disclosures: Dr Alice Cheng discloses the following: Advisory board member: Abbott, Astra Zenecea, Boehringher Ingelheim, Bayer, Dexcom, Eli Lilly, HLS Therapeutics, Insulet, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Takeda Speaking honorarium: Abbott, Astra Zenecea, Boehringher Ingelheim, Bayer, Bausch, Dexcom, Eli Lilly, HLS Therapeutics, Insulet, Janssen, Medtronic, Merck, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi All conflicts of interest have been mitigated prior to this activity. This independent educational activity is supported by an educational grant from Novo Nordisk A/S. The educational content has been developed by Liberum IME in conjunction with an independent steering committee; Novo Nordisk A/S has had no influence on the content of this education.

A 5-minute summary of an observational study investigating how glucose control affected the immune response to COVID-19 vaccination, published in Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism. Listen for a quick overview of the key findings. Publication: Marfella R, et al. Does poor glycaemic control affect the immunogenicity of the COVID-19 vaccination in patients with type 2 diabetes: The CAVEAT study. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2021 Sep 8. doi: 10.1111/dom.14547. Epub ahead of print. Additional references: Rawshani A, et al. Severe COVID-19 in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes in Sweden: A nationwide retrospective cohort study. Lancet Reg Health Eur. 2021 May;4:100105. doi: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2021.100105. Epub 2021 Apr 30. For more free education, visit the DKIP website, follow us on Twitter (@dkipractice) or connect on LinkedIn. Funding statement: This independent educational activity is supported by an educational grant from Novo Nordisk A/S. The educational content has been developed by Liberum IME in conjunction with an independent steering committee; Novo Nordisk A/S has had no influence on the content of this education.

While we have lots of safety and efficacy data for GLP-1 RAs, including head-to-head trials comparing therapies, real-world medication adherence and persistence is typically much lower. So how can we help patients to maximise the chances of treatment success? Join Prof. Stephen Bain for a discussion of how to implement strategies to support patients in starting GLP-1 RA therapy. We've got a new website! Find it at diabetes.knowledgeintopractice.com, where you can see all past episodes of the podcast as well as other free CME resources. Follow us on Twitter (@dkipractice) or connect on LinkedIn. References: Guerci B, et al. Lack of Treatment Persistence and Treatment Nonadherence as Barriers to Glycaemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Ther. 2019 Apr;10(2):437-449. van Onzenoort HA, Menger FE, Neef C, Verberk WJ, Kroon AA, de Leeuw PW, van der Kuy PH. Participation in a clinical trial enhances adherence and persistence to treatment: a retrospective cohort study. Hypertension. 2011 Oct;58(4):573-8. Weeda ER, Muraoka AK, Brock MD, Cannon JM. Medication adherence to injectable glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists dosed once weekly vs once daily in patients with type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis. Int J Clin Pract. 2021 Sep;75(9):e14060. Disclosures: Professor Stephen Bain declares no relevant financial relationships within the past 12 months. This independent educational activity is supported by an educational grant from Novo Nordisk A/S. The educational content has been developed by Liberum IME in conjunction with an independent steering committee; Novo Nordisk A/S has had no influence on the content of this education.

HbA1c is the traditional primary metric for glycemia, but as a measure of average glycemia over 3 months, how much does it really tell us about glycemic control? Should we be assessing shorter-term glycemic variability and long-term fluctuations in HbA1c? Join Dr Irl Hirsch for a discussion of how this may improve patient outcomes. We've got a new website! Find it at diabetes.knowledgeintopractice.com, where you can see all past episodes of the podcast as well as other free CME resources. Follow us on Twitter (@dkipractice) or connect on LinkedIn. References: Bedenis R et al. Association between severe hypoglycemia, adverse macrovascular events, and inflammation in the Edinburgh Type 2 Diabetes Study. Diabetes Care. 2014 Dec;37(12):3301-8 Bonds D et al. The association between symptomatic, severe hypoglycaemia and mortality in type 2 diabetes: retrospective epidemiological analysis of the ACCORD study. BMJ. 2010 Jan;340 Davis S et al. Effects of Severe Hypoglycemia on Cardiovascular Outcomes and Death in the Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial. Diabetes Care. 2019 Jan; 42(1):157-163 Zinman B et al. Day-to-day fasting glycaemic variability in DEVOTE: associations with severe hypoglycaemia and cardiovascular outcomes (DEVOTE 2). Diabetologia. 2018 Jan;61(1):48-57 Cardoso C et al. Long-term visit-to-visit glycemic variability as predictor of micro- and macrovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes: The Rio de Janeiro Type 2 Diabetes Cohort Study. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2018; 17: 33 Gorst C et al. Long-term Glycemic Variability and Risk of Adverse Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Diabetes Care 2015 Dec; 38(12): 2354-2369 Perlman JE, et al. HbA1c and Glucose Management Indicator Discordance: A Real-World Analysis. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2021 Apr;23(4):253-258. Disclosures: Dr Irl Hirsch declares no relevant financial relationships within the past 12 months. Funding statement: This independent educational activity is supported by an educational grant from Novo Nordisk A/S. The educational content has been developed by Liberum IME in conjunction with an independent steering committee; Novo Nordisk A/S has had no influence on the content of this education.

Clinical inertia in type 2 diabetes is particularly pronounced for injectable agents, with delays of 6-8 years reported to move from oral agents to insulin therapy. This can be a result of many barriers at both the patient and clinician level, from perceptions of injectable agents to lack of time to provide sufficient education. Join Dr Ronald Goldenberg for a discussion of how to overcome these barriers to initiating injectable therapy. We've got a new website! Find it at diabetes.knowledgeintopractice.com, where you can see all past episodes of the podcast as well as other free CME resources. Follow us on Twitter (@dkipractice) or connect on LinkedIn. Disclosures: Dr Ronald Goldenberg discloses the following: Speakers fees, Research fees, Consultant fees: AZ, BI, Merck, Lilly, Janssen, NovoNordisk, Sanofi All conflicts of interest have been mitigated prior to this activity. References: Okemah J, et al. Addressing Clinical Inertia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Review. Adv Ther. 2018 Nov;35(11):1735-1745. Paul SK, et al. Delay in treatment intensification increases the risks of cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2015 Aug 7;14:100. This independent educational activity is supported by an educational grant from Novo Nordisk A/S. The educational content has been developed by Liberum IME in conjunction with an independent steering committee; Novo Nordisk A/S has had no influence on the content of this education.

This week we have more congress highlights from the 2021 annual meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD), held online from the 28th September to the 1st October. Listen for commentary from Prof. Steve Bain on highlights including: - Results from the TriMaster study - Cardiovascular events with semaglutide with and without metformin (post-hoc analysis of SUSTAIN 6 and PIONEER 6) - More results from the SURPASS program - Intra-organ fat content during weight loss-induced remission of type 2 diabetes in people with normal or raised BMI (data from ReTUNE and DiRECT) For more free education, visit the DKIP website, follow us on Twitter (@dkipractice) or connect on LinkedIn. Disclosures: Professor Stephen Bain declares no relevant financial relationships within the past 12 months. References: Angwin C, et al. TriMaster: randomised double-blind crossover study of a DPP4 inhibitor, SGLT2 inhibitor and thiazolidinedione as second-line or third-line therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes who have suboptimal glycaemic control on metformin treatment with or without a sulfonylurea-a MASTERMIND study protocol. BMJ Open. 2020 Dec 21;10(12):e042784. Husain M., et al. Semaglutide reduced cardiovascular events regardless of metformin use: a post hoc exploratory subgroup analysis of SUSTAIN 6 and PIONEER 6. Abstract 21 presented at the 57th Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes, 27 September – 1 October 2021, virtual. Diabetologia 64, 1–380 (2021). Taylor R, et al. Intra-organ fat content during weight loss-induced remission of type 2 diabetes in people with normal or raised BMI. Abstract 110 presented at the 57th Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes, 27 September – 1 October 2021, virtual. Diabetologia 64, 1–380 (2021). This independent educational activity is supported by an educational grant from Novo Nordisk A/S. The educational content has been developed by Liberum IME in conjunction with an independent steering committee; Novo Nordisk A/S has had no influence on the content of this education.

Hear a 5-minute summary of a retrospective study investigating whether GLP-1 receptor agonists might affect the development of glaucoma in people with diabetes, published in the British Journal of Ophthalmology. Listen for a quick overview of the key findings. References: Publication: Sterling J, et al. Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist use is associated with reduced risk for glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol. 2021 Aug 19:bjophthalmol-2021-319232. Epub ahead of print. Additional references: Zhao YX, Chen XW. Diabetes and risk of glaucoma: systematic review and a Meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Int J Ophthalmol. 2017 Sep 18;10(9):1430-1435. Sterling JK, et al. GLP-1 Receptor Agonist NLY01 Reduces Retinal Inflammation and Neuron Death Secondary to Ocular Hypertension. Cell Rep. 2020 Nov 3;33(5):108271. For more free education, visit the DKIP website, follow us on Twitter (@dkipractice) or connect on LinkedIn. Funding statement: This independent educational activity is supported by an educational grant from Novo Nordisk A/S. The educational content has been developed by Liberum IME in conjunction with an independent steering committee; Novo Nordisk A/S has had no influence on the content of this education.

Hear a 5-minute summary of a small study investigating whether the GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide affected diastolic function in people with type 2 diabetes, presented at ESC 2021 and later published Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism. Listen for a quick overview of the key findings. Publication: Bojer AS, et al. Metabolic improvement with short-term, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist treatment does not improve cardiac diastolic dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2021 Oct;23(10):2374-2384. doi: 10.1111/dom.14480. Epub 2021 Jul 26. For more free education, visit the DKIP website, follow us on Twitter (@dkipractice) or connect on LinkedIn. This independent educational activity is supported by an educational grant from Novo Nordisk A/S. The educational content has been developed by Liberum IME in conjunction with an independent steering committee; Novo Nordisk A/S has had no influence on the content of this education.

People with type 2 diabetes are at high risk of developing NASH, increasing their risk of poor outcomes. However, the only way to confirm a diagnosis of NASH is through liver biopsy, so how can we help identify people with NASH? This episode examines the currently available approaches to identifying NASH with Professor Arun Sanyal. For more free education, visit the DKIP website, follow us on Twitter (@dkipractice) or connect on LinkedIn. References: European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL); European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD); European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO). EASL-EASD-EASO Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Hepatol. 2016 Jun;64(6):1388-402. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2015.11.004. Epub 2016 Apr 7. PMID: 27062661. Chalasani N, et al. The Diagnosis and Management of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Practice Guidance from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology. 2018;67(1):328-357 Disclosures: Professor Arun Sanyal discloses: Consulting advisor: Conatus, GenFit, Gilead, malinckrodt, Pfizer, Salix, Boehringer Ingelhiem, Immuron, Intercept, Novartis, Bristol Myers, Merck, Hemoshear, Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Terns, Galectin, Sequana, Fractyl, Amra, Albireo, Sanofi, Jannsen, Takeda, Northsea, Owl, Poxel, 89 Bio, Siemens, Ngm Bio, Perspectum, Astra Zeneca, Biocellvia, Regeneron, Genentech, Roche, Madrigal, Inventiva, Albireo, Covance, Prosciento, Histoindex, Path Ai Research grants: Conatus, Gilead, Echosense-sandhill, Malinckrodt, Immuron, Boehringer Ingelhiem, Novartis, Bristol Myers, Merck, Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Fractyl, Owl, Second Genome, Siemens, Madrigal, Inventiva, Covance Royalties: Elsevier, Uptodate Stock: Sanyal Bio, Exhalenz, Akarna, Genfit, Hemoshear, Durect, Indalo, Tiziana, Rivus This independent educational activity is supported by an educational grant from Novo Nordisk A/S. The educational content has been developed by Liberum IME in conjunction with an independent steering committee; Novo Nordisk A/S has had no influence on the content of this education.

Following last week's discussion of the prevalence of NAFLD in people with type 2 diabetes, this week we're joined by Dr Stephen Harrison to discuss what can be done to help reduce the risk of progressing to NASH, despite there currently being no approved therapies. For more free education, visit the DKIP website, follow us on Twitter (@dkipractice) or connect on LinkedIn. References: Kenneally S, et al. BMJ Open Gastroenterol. 2017 Jun 1;4(1):e000139. doi: 10.1136/bmjgast-2017-000139. Koutoukidis DA, et al. JAMA Intern Med. 2019 Sep 1;179(9):1262-1271. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.2248. Erratum in: JAMA Intern Med. 2019 Sep 1;179(9):1303-1304. Blazina I, Selph S. Syst Rev. 2019 Nov 29;8(1):295. doi: 10.1186/s13643-019-1200-8. Harrison SA, et al. J Hepatol. 2021 Aug;75(2):284-291. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.02.034. Epub 2021 Mar 18. Belfort R, et al. N Engl J Med. 2006 Nov 30;355(22):2297-307. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa060326. Disclosures: Adv Bd/Panel: 89 Bio Ltd, Akero Therapeutics, Inc, Altimmune, Inc, Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Axcella Health, Inc, Civi Biopharma, Inc, Cymabay Therapeutics, Inc, Echosens North America, Inc, Foresite Labs, Llc, Galectin Therapeutics, Inc, Galmed Research & Dev, Ltd, Genfit Corp, Gilead Sciences, Inc, Hepion Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Hightide Therapeutics, Inc, Histoindex Pte. Ltd., Indalo Therapeutics, Inc, Intercept Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Madrigal Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Medpace, Inc, Metacrine, Inc, Ngm Biopharmaceuticals, Inc,Northsea Therapeutics B.v., Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp, Novo Nordisk, Pathai, Inc, Poxel, Prometic Pharma Smt Ltd, Ridgeline Therapeutics, Sagimet Biosciences, Terns, Inc, Theratechnologies. Consultant: Akero Therapeutics, Inc, Altimmune, Inc, Axcella Health, Inc, Boston Pharmaceuticals, B Riley Fbr Inc, Canfite Biopharma Ltd, Civi Biopharma, Inc, Cymabay Therapeutics, Inc, Echosens North America, Inc, Enyo Pharma S.a., Fibronostics, Inc, Foresite Labs, Llc, Fortress Biotech, Inc, Galectin Therapeutics, Inc, Galmed Research & Dev, Ltd, Genfit Corp, Gilead Sciences, Inc, Gns Healthcare, Inc, Hepion Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Hightide Therapeutics, Inc, Histoindex Pte. Ltd., Indalo Therapeutics, Inc, Inipharm, Inc, Intercept Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ionis, Kowa Research Institute, Inc, Madrigal Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Medpace, Inc, Metacrine, Inc, Microba Pty, Ltd, Ngm Biopharmaceuticals, Inc, Northsea Therapeutics B.v., Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp, Novo Nordisk, Piper Sandler & Co, Poxel, Prometic Pharma Smt Ltd, Ridgeline Therapeutics, Sagimet Biosciences, Sonic Incytes Medical Corp, Terns, Inc, Viking Therapeutics, Inc Stocks: Akero Therapeutics, Inc, Cirius Therapeutics, Inc, Galectin Therapeutics, Inc, Genfit Corp, Hepion Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Histoindex Pte. Ltd., Metacrine, Inc, Ngm Biopharmaceuticals, Inc, Northsea Therapeutics B.v., Pathai, Inc This independent educational activity is supported by an educational grant from Novo Nordisk A/S. The educational content has been developed by Liberum IME in conjunction with an independent steering committee; the financial supporter has had no influence on the content of this education.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) a condition where disruptions and dysregulation of lipids in the body causes an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, and is estimated to affect 75% of people with type 2 diabetes. In around 1/5 of cases this steatosis causes chronic inflammation, which can lead to fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. So what do people with diabetes need to know, and how do we raise awareness? We're joined by Prof. William Alazawi to discuss these questions. References: Marjot T, et al. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Adults: Current Concepts in Etiology, Outcomes, and Management. Endocr Rev. 2020 Jan 1;41(1):bnz009. doi: 10.1210/endrev/bnz009. Disclosures: Prof William Alazawi declares the following: Speaker and Consulting: Gilead Sciences, Intercept, GSK, Coherus Competitive grants: GSK, Gilead Sciences All conflicts of interest have been mitigated prior to this activity. This independent educational activity is supported by an educational grant from Novo Nordisk A/S. The educational content has been developed by Liberum IME in conjunction with an independent steering committee; Novo Nordisk A/S has had no influence on the content of this education.

In another news episode, hear a 5-minute summary of the VERTIS CV post hoc analysis presented at ESC 2021. VERTIS CV was the the cardiovascular outcomes trial investigating the SGLT2 inhibitor ertugliflozin in people with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease; this latest analysis looked at whether the effects of ertugliflozin on cardiovascular and renal outcomes varied according to baseline metformin use. Listen for a quick overview of the key findings. Abstract: Cosentino F, et al. Cardiorenal outcomes with ertugliflozin by baseline metformin use: post-hoc analyses of the VERTIS CV trial. Eur Heart J 2021. In press For more free education, visit the DKIP website, follow us on Twitter (@dkipractice) or connect on LinkedIn. Funding statement: This independent educational activity is supported by educational grants from Eli Lilly, Merck Sharp and Dohme Corp. and Novo Nordisk A/S. The educational content has been developed by Liberum IME in conjunction with an independent steering committee; the financial supporters have had no influence on the content of this education.

Join us this week for another congress highlights episode covering the recent European Society of Cardiology congress, held virtually from 27-30 August 2021. Listen for commentary on the key highlights, including: - Professor Subodh Verma on EMPEROR-Preserved, EMPEROR-Pooled, and a post hoc analysis of SUSTAIN 6 and PIONEER 6 - Professor Darren McGuire on FIGARO-DKD, and new guidelines for heart failure and cardiovascular disease prevention Disclosures: Prof. Darren McGuire declares the following: Clinical trial leadership: AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eisai Esperion, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, Lexicon, Merck & Co. Inc, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, CSL Behring, Lilly Consultancy: Affimune, Applied Therapeautics, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Lilly, Merck & Co. Inc, Pfizer Inc, Novo Nordisk, Metavant, Sanofi, Bayer Prof. Subodh Verma declares the following: Research Grants: AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk Speaker Honoraria: AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Sun Pharma Consultancy: AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Novo Nordisk All conflicts of interest have been mitigated prior to this activity. Funding statement: This independent educational activity is supported by an educational grant from Novo Nordisk A/S. The educational content has been developed by Liberum IME in conjunction with an independent steering committee; Novo Nordisk A/S has had no influence on the content of this education. References Packer M, et al. Empagliflozin in Heart Failure with a Preserved Ejection Fraction. N Engl J Med. 2021 Aug 27. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2107038. Online ahead of print. [EMPEROR-Preserved] Packer M, et al. Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes with Empagliflozin in Heart Failure. N Engl J Med. 2020 Oct 8;383(15):1413-1424. [EMPEROR-Reduced] Packer M, et al. Empagliflozin and Major Renal Outcomes in Heart Failure. N Engl J Med. 2021 Aug 27. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2112411. Online ahead of print. [EMPEROR-Pooled] Verma S, et al. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predicts cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes: post hoc analysis of SUSTAIN 6 and PIONEER 6. Eur Heart J 2021. In press Pitt B, et al. Cardiovascular Events with Finerenone in Kidney Disease and Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2021 Aug 28. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2110956. Epub ahead of print. [FIGARO-DKD] Bakris GL, et al. Effect of Finerenone on Chronic Kidney Disease Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2020 Dec 3;383(23):2219-2229. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2025845. [FIDELIO-DKD] FIDELITY analysis: Presented by Dr. Gerasimos Filippatos at the European Society of Cardiology Virtual Congress, August 28, 2021. McDonagh TA, et al. 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2021 Aug 27:ehab368. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab368. Epub ahead of print.

Guidelines, prescribing information and patient websites alike all say that lifestyle interventions are the first line of treatment for diabetes, and that pharmacotherapies should be considered as adjunct therapies alongside these. But there is currently no consensus on what these lifestyle interventions should actually be. Should they include a specific diet, exercise type or exercise frequency? In another Unanswered Questions episode, we speak to Professor Jaakko Tuomilehto of the University of Helsinki for his advice on this area of unmet clinical need. For more free education, visit the DKIP website, follow us on Twitter (@dkipractice) or connect on LinkedIn. Disclosures: Prof. Jaakko Tuomilehto declares the following: Shareholder: Orion pharma Consultant: Eli Lilly All conflicts of interest have been mitigated prior to this activity. Funding statement: Funding statement: This independent educational activity is supported by an educational grant from Novo Nordisk A/S. The educational content has been developed by Liberum IME in conjunction with an independent steering committee; Novo Nordisk A/S, have had no influence on the content of this education.

In the last episode of series 3, we're joined by Anne Peters, Professor of Clinical Medicine at the Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, USA, to discuss recent data on potential new therapies in development, and what this might mean in the future. For more free education, visit the DKIP website, follow us on Twitter (@dkipractice) or connect on LinkedIn. References Rosenstock J, et al. Lancet. 2021 Jun 25;S0140-6736(21)01324-6 [SURPASS-1]. Frias J P, et al. N Engl J Med. 2021 Jun 25. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2107519. Online ahead of print [SURPASS-2] Abstract 78-LB: Efficacy and Safety of Tirzepatide, a Dual GIP/GLP-1 Receptor Agonist, Compared with Insulin Degludec in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes (SURPASS-3) Abstract 80-LB: Tirzepatide, a Dual GIP/GLP-1 Receptor Agonist, Is Effective and Safe When Added to Basal Insulin for Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes (SURPASS-5) Bhatt D L, et al. Late-Breaking Clinical Trials IV. Presented at: American College of Cardiology Scientific Session; May 15-17, 2021 (virtual meeting). Disclosures: Prof. Anne Peters declares the following: Participation on an advisory board: Abbott Diabetes Care, Astra Zeneca, Eli Lilly, Medscape, Novo Nordisk, Zealand Research Support: Dexcom, Insulet and donated devices from Abbott Diabetes Care Stock Options: Omada Health, Teladoc All conflicts of interest have been mitigated prior to this activity. Funding statement: This independent educational activity is supported by educational grants from Eli Lilly, Merck Sharp and Dohme Corp. and Novo Nordisk A/S. The educational content has been developed by Liberum IME in conjunction with an independent steering committee; the financial supporters have had no influence on the content of this education.