Podcast appearances and mentions of steve grubbs

I am excited to welcome back to the podcast, Dr. Steve Grubbs. Dr. Grubbs is the equine technical manager at Boehringer Ingelheim. Originally from Tennessee, Dr. Grubbs grew up breeding and showing Quarter Horses on his family's farm, worked with the Anheuser-Busch Clydesdales and then attended Ross University and the University of Tennessee. He went on to work for 11 years in private practice before returning to graduate school and obtaining a Ph.D. in comparative and experimental medicine, with an emphasis on virology and immunology. Dr. Grubbs now lives in Missouri with his wife and continues his research with BI in areas such as PPID and equine respiratory diseases. Dr. Grubbs joined me this past May to discuss equine asthma on Episode 73 and now is back to discuss his other research focus, PPID. In Episode 79 we discuss:What PPID is (and what it isn't)How to manage a horse with PPIDPRASCEND, a product offered by BI to help control the clinical signs associated with PPID in horsesAnd more!This episode is brought to you by Boehringer Ingelheim.

Dr. Steve Grubbs is the equine technical manager at Boehringer Ingelheim. Originally from Tennessee, Dr. Grubbs grew up breeding and showing Quarter Horses on his family's farm, worked with the Anheuser-Busch Clydesdales, and then attended Ross University and the University of Tennessee. He went on to work for 11 years in private practice before returning to graduate school and obtaining a Ph.D. in comparative and experimental medicine, with an emphasis on virology and immunology. Dr. Grubbs now lives in Missouri with his wife and continues his research with BI in areas such as PPID and equine respiratory diseases. In Episode 73 we dive into:The difference between mild/moderate and severe equine asthmaTreatment options for the different types of asthmaWhat makes a horse a good candidate for the ASERVO EQUIHALERAnd more!This episode is brought to you by Boehringer Ingelheim.

We welcome YOU back to America's leading higher education podcast, The EdUp Experience! It's YOUR time to #EdUp In this episode, YOUR guest is Steve Grubbs, CEO & Cofounder of VictoryXR YOUR cohost is Erika Liodice, Executive Director at the Alliance for Innovation & Transformation YOUR host is Dr. Joe Sallustio & YOUR sponsors are Ellucian LIVE 2023 & Commencement: The Beginning of a New Era In Higher Education! How should Higher Ed integrate A.I. in the curriculum? What's the latest game changing development in AI? What does Steve see as the future of Higher Ed? Listen in to #EdUp! Thank YOU so much for tuning in. Join us on the next episode for YOUR time to EdUp! Connect with YOUR EdUp Team - Elvin Freytes & Dr. Joe Sallustio ● Join YOUR EdUp community at The EdUp Experience! We make education YOUR business! --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/edup/message

One of the most exciting and impactful opportunities available to colleges and universities now is the rapid rise of remote and online learning through Metaversities - higher education in the Metaverse. Join us for our upcoming Leading Edge Thinking in Higher Ed webinar on February 23rd at 12:00 noon ET to learn more about exactly what the Metaverse is and how college leaders are taking advantage of this technology to improve the educational experience for their students and faculty. VictoryXR CEO, Steve Grubbs will lead a panel discussion with higher ed professionals who are using the Metaverse to enhance their students' educational experiences. In this IngenioUs mini episode, Steve Grubbs shares a sneak peak into the upcoming webinar including what attendees can expect to learn. Register here for the webinar. --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/chelip/message

Dr. Steve Grubbs heads a team at Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health who share our reverence for the link between animals and people. Then Monty sits down to tell the story of the German bred Lomitas and how Monty came to know race jockey Peter Schiergen in the 1990s. Vincenz Schiergen trained with Monty in 2022 and his family visited Monty in December 2022 to share the stories of the dynasty created by Lomitas who was saved by Monty. Lomitas produced many champion racehorses including the filly Danedream who beat the boys to win the Group 1 Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe race, trained by the now famous trainer Peter Schiergen. Lomitas's dynasty lives on. Listen in...Horsemanship Radio 223:Show Host: Debbie LoucksTitle Sponsor:  HandsOn Gloves, All-In-One Shedding/Bathing/Grooming GlovesPhotos used with permissionGuest: Dr. Steve GrubbsGuest:  Monty RobertsFor tips on Good Horsemanship: Ask MontyLearn more about Good Horsemanship at Monty Roberts EQUUS Online University Monty's CalendarPlease follow Monty Roberts on FacebookFollow Monty Roberts on Twitter or on InstagramSee more at: MontyRoberts.comHear all the shows on the Horse Radio NetworkSupport the show

Dr. Steve Grubbs heads a team at Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health who share our reverence for the link between animals and people. Then Monty sits down to tell the story of the German bred Lomitas and how Monty came to know race jockey Peter Schiergen in the 1990s. Vincenz Schiergen trained with Monty in 2022 and his family visited Monty in December 2022 to share the stories of the dynasty created by Lomitas who was saved by Monty. Lomitas produced many champion racehorses including the filly Danedream who beat the boys to win the Group 1 Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe race, trained by the now famous trainer Peter Schiergen. Lomitas's dynasty lives on. Listen in...Horsemanship Radio 223:Show Host: Debbie LoucksTitle Sponsor:  HandsOn Gloves, All-In-One Shedding/Bathing/Grooming GlovesPhotos used with permissionGuest: Dr. Steve GrubbsGuest:  Monty RobertsFor tips on Good Horsemanship: Ask MontyLearn more about Good Horsemanship at Monty Roberts EQUUS Online University Monty's CalendarPlease follow Monty Roberts on FacebookFollow Monty Roberts on Twitter or on InstagramSee more at: MontyRoberts.comHear all the shows on the Horse Radio NetworkSupport the show

Steve Grubbs is the founder of VictoryXR, VictoryStore.com, ChalkBites, and Victory Enterprises. He is a proud member of the Young Presidents' Organization (YPO). Early in his life, Steve served as Chairman of the House Education Committee in the Iowa House of Representatives and passed the largest technology funding bill in state history. Today, he's working to create a place for a virtual reality curriculum in schools. Steve has degrees in business and law from the University of Iowa. Connecting with SteveLinkedInA Quote From This Episode"This generation of students expects an immersive learning environment...a metaversity is the combination of the metaverse and university."ResourcesVideo: What is a metaversity?Video: Experience you college in VRVideo: Morehouse CollegeConnect with Scott AllenWebsiteAbout The International Leadership Association (ILA)The ILA was created in 1999 to bring together professionals interested in the study, practice, and teaching of leadership. 

Imagine being able to expand a human heart to 6 feet tall and climb inside to explore the ventricles or how about learning Paleontology, whilst in an immersive dinosaur world riding a Triceratops. Or even learning about Astronomy whilst on board a space craft, with your teacher and class mates in full virtual reality. Well this is all already possible right now thanks to VictoryXR who've built exactly these products and many more. We dive into this fully on this week's episode of the Welcome to the Metaverse Podcast. VictoryXR are gamifying education, massively increasing access and in doing so are building out digital twin Universities called Metaversities with the help of Meta, previously Facebook of course. I loved this chat - A really key, clear, undisputable use case for the metaverse / web3 and a fascinating chat. Our guest this week is CEO and Co-founder of VictoryXR, Steve Grubbs. (who by the way if you mention this podcast, will accept your request on LinkedIn) --- Grab you 30% of Realm Academy - just use the code FRANKS30 at checkout! - click here This show is brought to you by Everyrealm, who are your portal to the metaverse. If you want to level up quick and learn about : Metaverse Foundations, Intro to Blockchain and Advanced Topics in Web - taught by leaders at top companies in the industry like Ledger, The Sandbox & Dragonfly Capital, then Realm Academy is the place to do it. The code you need is FRANKS30 (F-R-A-N-K-S no. 30) - just enter it at checkout for 30% off, absolute no brainer, grab it quick! Join 10s of 1000s of others who've already made their way to the metaverse. Search ‘Realm Academy' or click the link above Check out more at https://everyrealm.com and join their industry newsletter here : https://everyrealm.substack.com/ --- VictoryXR Links : Steve Grubbs LinkedIn : https://www.linkedin.com/in/steve-grubbs-4708825/ VictoryXR Website : https://www.victoryxr.com/ VictoryXR Twitter : https://twitter.com/VictoryXR Steve Grubbs Twitter : https://twitter.com/SteveGrubbsVXR ======================= Everyrealm's Links Realm Academy : https://everyrealm.com/realm-academy - 'FRANKS30' at checkout for 30% OFF! Twitter : https://www.twitter.com/everyrealm Discord : discord.gg/everyrealm Newsletter : https://everyrealm.substack.com/ Search 'Everyrealm' for more ======================= I always love to hear from you, say hello on the following links! : Twitter : https://twitter.com/luke_franks LinkedIn : Search Luke Franks

On Episode 18 of The Felix Hartmann Show, we sit down with Steve Grubbs, the CEO at VictoryXR. He tells the story of how him and his team became the global leader in building Metaverse Universities. SUBSCRIBE & SHARE Hartmann Capital Website: https://hartmanncapital.com EMAIL / COLLAB: info@hartmanncapital.com Steve's Links: Twitter: https://mobile.twitter.com/stevegrubbsvxr LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/steve-grubbs-4708825/ VictoryXR Links: Website: https://www.victoryxr.com/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/DecentralGames YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/c/VictoryXR1/ Felix's Social: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/felix_hartmann Twitter: https://www.twitter.com/felixohartmann LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/felixohartmann TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@felix_hartmann --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/felix-o-hartmann/support

September 16, 2022:  Crazy today. Obvious tomorrow. That's the perfect way to sum up technology. http://victoryxr.com/ (Victory XR) just announced its partnership with Meta. https://www.linkedin.com/in/steve-grubbs-4708825/ (Steve Grubbs), CEO, of http://victoryxr.com/ (Victory XR) shares their goal of bringing a more immersive way for students to learn through virtual and augmented reality. 'Metaversities'. Educators are given training and 3D objects to teach a variety of subjects to their students. The best part? Students' grades go up. Student focus goes up. Student enjoyment goes up. What is the promise around this virtual education? Why have we now reached a tipping point in this type of technology? What does the experience look like for a teacher? What does it look like for a student? Will the metaverse change healthcare? Key Points: The jump from the internet to the metaverse will be similar to the jump from radio to television In the metaverse, healthcare students can train on the hospital equipment over and over and over again whereas in the real world access would be limited. We are trying to get the whole education and workplace training universe to think about the Fortnite generation who are now entering higher education http://victoryxr.com/ (Victory XR)

This week the hosts are joined by Steve Grubbs, founder and CEO, VictoryXR!Thank you to our sponsors, Virbela & Zappar!Don't forget to like, share, and follow for more! Follow us on all socials @ThisWeekInXR! See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Imagine a world where students can sail on a WWII Battleship, study the inner details of a cadaver, and go for a spacewalk, all while never leaving the comfort of their classroom, workplace, or home. Thanks to the connected technologies of AR, VR, and 5G available now, this type of learning is no longer a far-off dream, it's happening now. The cross-benefits of seamlessly being able to bring the world to the classroom, and the classroom to any part of the world are crucial in advancing society forward by training the minds of our youth in ways that were never before possible.     Join us as we kick off Season Three of The Restless ones with the visionary Steve Grubbs, Founder, and CEO of VictoryXR who is utilizing his passion for education and technology to change the way we all learn. The latest developments in low-latency 5G connectivity, graphics technologies, and haptics have allowed Steve and the company to explore the key insight that engagement impacts the speed and way the brain interacts and processes information. At VictoryXR Metaversities, lesson plans no longer come to life on paper and whiteboards, instead, students are exposed to a 360 field of learning to stimulate their minds. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Imagine a world where students can sail on a WWII Battleship, study the inner details of a cadaver, and go for a spacewalk, all while never leaving the comfort of their classroom, workplace, or home. Thanks to the connected technologies of AR, VR, and 5G available now, this type of learning is no longer a far-off dream, it’s happening now. The cross-benefits of seamlessly being able to bring the world to the classroom, and the classroom to any part of the world are crucial in advancing society forward by training the minds of our youth in ways that were never before possible. Join us as we kick off Season Three of The Restless ones with the visionary Steve Grubbs, Founder, and CEO of VictoryXR who is utilizing his passion for education and technology to change the way we all learn. The latest developments in low-latency 5G connectivity, graphics technologies, and haptics have allowed Steve and the company to explore the key insight that engagement impacts the speed and way the brain interacts and processes information. At VictoryXR Metaversities, lesson plans no longer come to life on paper and whiteboards, instead, students are exposed to a 360 field of learning to stimulate their minds.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Steve Grubbs is the founder and CEO of VictoryXR. After founding the company in 2016, Steve lead the VXR team to winning the Global Education Innovation of the Year award in 2021. Before founding VXR, Steve founded two other successful ventures. Steve served in the State of Iowa Legislator from 1991-1997, sitting as Chair of the House Education Committee. He holds a B.B.A. in Finance and J.D. from The University of Iowa.

Steve Grubbs is the founder of VictoryXR, an education metaverse company. Working with higher education and K-12, VXR is creating synchronous learning classrooms in all subject areas. --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/myedtechlife/support

Steve Grubbs explains how Victory XR is changing education by creating a virtual reality learning space on this weeks Future of Biz Tech episode!Learn more about Victory XR at: https://www.victoryxr.com/Find Steve Grubbs on LinkedIn here: https://www.linkedin.com/in/steve-grubbs-4708825/----J.C. Granger is the founder and CEO of Infinity Marketing Group. The company provides marketing solutions and LinkedIn lead generation for B2B tech companies.Learn more at https://www.infinitymgroup.comReach out to J.C. on LinkedIn here: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jcgranger/Find the show notes and full transcript of this episode: [URL to Blog Post]

#virtualreality #experientialeducation #immersivelearning #futureofeducation The Future of Education is Experiential & Immersive which will be enabled by Virtual Reality Steve Grubbs is a serial entrepreneur and the founder of VictoryXR, VictoryStore.com, ChalkBites, and Victory Enterprises. Early in life, Steve served as Chairman of the House Education Committee in the Iowa House of Representatives and passed the largest technology funding bill in state history. More recently, he chaired the YPO Technology Network for two years. Today, Steve is working to create a place for a virtual reality curriculum in schools. He has degrees in business and law from the University of Iowa. VictoryXR is one of the world leaders in virtual reality educational product development. To date & they have created over 240 unique VR experiences spanning over 50 different learning units with educational partners like Carolina Biological and Oxford University. VictoryXR has been able to develop brand-new educational encounters for VR users across the globe. https://www.linkedin.com/in/steve-grubbs-4708825 https://www.victoryxr.com/

Mike Palmer is joined by Nancy, a virtual human who makes her first appearance as a guest host, in a conversation about what the "New Normal" that emerges on the other side of the pandemic might like for the world of learning. We explore the trends of Canny Centaurs, Universal Design for Learning, Class Outside, and Simulearning both with Nancy's help and with the help of many of our great guests from episodes from the past six months. Whether it's Sheryl Burgstahler, Prakash Nair, Evan Gappelberg, Anurupa Ganguly, or Steve Grubbs, we bring together perspectives from the experts we've had on the show to weave together what we hope will be some insightful perspectives on where the world of learning is heading. Thanks for joining us on the journey. If you like what you're hearing, subscribe and spread the word. And stay tuned as we gear up to celebrate our 400th episode. It's been an amazing ride so far and we're just getting started. To find more great content like this, visit us at TrendinginEd.com

Steve Grubbs, the CEO of VictoryXR, joins the podcast to discuss his company's really exciting partnerships with Morehouse College and other institutions of higher learning to develop VR learning experiences, what teachers who are interested in VR can do to dip their toes in the virtual waters, why VR is a smart financial decision for school districts, and so much more!

Steve Grubbs is the Founder of Victory XR, a company that specializes in using Virtual Reality to make compelling learning experiences. Steve joins Mike and begins by telling how he has stayed connected to education and technology in different capacities through his professional life before zeroing in on the work he's been doing of late. Whether it's building a VR simulation of the march across the Pettis Bridge in Selma or exploring anatomy, history or astronomy, Steve walks us through various ways in which 3D VR experiences are more emotionally resonant and in many cases more effective than their 2D alternatives. We talk through the impact of the pandemic before getting Steve's perspectives on what's happening now like a recent program launched with Morehouse College to what he sees in the future of learning as other technologies like augmented reality glasses continue to mature. It's a wide-ranging and creatively inspiring conversation that you won't want to miss. If you enjoy what you're hearing, subscribe to Trending in Education wherever you get your podcasts and. check us out at TrendingInEd.com

Hello everyone.  Welcome to another exciting episode of VR in Education.  Many schools around North American and the rest of the world are continuing to deliver teaching and learning online because of Covid-19.  The primary method of orchestrating instruction is the use of video conferencing tools like Zoom and Google Meet.  Video conferencing in education was adopted out of emergency and many educators are looking for a more powerful awe-inspiring alternative.  So I have invited Steve Grubbs, CEO of VictoryXR on the show today to talk about the exciting things his organization is doing related to remote teaching and learning.  Check out VictoryXR at https://www.victoryxr.com/. You can reach Steve on LinkedIn at linkedin.com/in/steve-grubbs-4708825

Most of us are probably familiar with virtual reality in one way, shape, or form. This quickly developing tech sector is widespread in the video game, movie, and software industries.Since then, many users have been whisked away to virtual lands far and wide — but one company is here to embrace the more practical, lesser-explored side of virtual reality: VR training. Today, we’ll sit down with Steve GrubbS, the Chief Technology Officer and Co-Founder of Chalkbites, a VR training company that’s here to change the way we learn in the workplace.

This episode features Steve Grubbs, President and CEO of Covenant Health. Here, he discusses the difference between working in healthcare systems in different regions, his best advice for emerging leaders, and more.

Steve Grubbs the CEO of ChalkBites Corporate Training in Virtual Reality tells you how to use Facebook Groups for B2B. You can check him out at https://www.www.ChalkBites.com/

Teaching & Learning In The New Era: Steve Grubbs talks about how Virtual Reality is reshaping the educational landscape and the benefits of VR for teaching and learning during the pandemic and beyond.

The power of the entrepreneur should never be underestimated! Listen as Steve Grubbs, Founder and CEO at VictoryXR and ChalkBites, shares his exciting journey into the world of virtual reality (VR) education for children and adults.  Whether training in the workplace or educating in the home or school, virtual reality allows one to go back in history, learn a new skill, or visit a new place – and so much more! How can we use VR to help people understand the blessings and responsibilities of living in our great country?  Listen as Steve shares his thoughts and recommendations with Linda in this fascinating interview. © Copyright 2020, Prosperity 101, LLC

Steve Grubbs is the CEO of VictoryXR, one of the world's leading companies in virtual reality educational products, having created over 240 unique virtual reality experiences. He's also the CEO of Victorystore.com, Chalkbites and Victory Enterprises. Steve is a YPO member and currently working to create a place for virtual reality curriculum in schools and…Continue reading ➞ Steve Grubbs, CEO and Serial Entrepreneur, Immersing Education into Virtual Reality – Episode 106The post Steve Grubbs, CEO and Serial Entrepreneur, Immersing Education into Virtual Reality – Episode 106 first appeared on Mike Malatesta.

Steve Grubbs is the CEO of VictoryXR, one of the world’s leading companies in virtual reality educational products, having created over 240 unique virtual reality experiences. He’s also the CEO of Victorystore.com, Chalkbites and Victory Enterprises. Steve is a YPO member and currently working to create a place for virtual reality curriculum in schools and…Continue reading ➞ Steve Grubbs, CEO and Serial Entrepreneur, Immersing Education into Virtual Reality – Episode 106

Steve Grubbs, founder and CEO of VictoryXR, discusses building a Virtual Reality Classroom Environment, engaging a team to develop and present a Standards-Based VR Curriculum, choosing the ENGAGE platform as VictoryXR's virtual campus, how hardware development is accelerating adoption of VR education, and some of his favorite educational VR experiences. VictoryXR Steve Grubbs Pico Neo 2 Engage Rene Gadelha Daniel Coyle The DAVE School Award-Winning VR Frog Dissection SideQuest Vive Focus Pro ChalkBites VR Corporate Training Kai Liang EduLearn20 AWE Anne Frank House in Virtual Reality 1943 Berlin Blitz --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app

Steve Grubbs is the founder of VictoryXR, one of the world's leading providers of AR and VR curriculum to schools. VictoryXR's frog dissection was recently recognized by HTC Viveport as the best education VR product in the world. Steve also founded Paradigm, a VR and Esports facility for corporate training and gaming. Steve is a recovering politician who left the world of politics 20 years ago to embrace entrepreneurship as his way to solve the world's problems. In this episode, Bob will be talking with Steve about his businesses and how he manages them. Steve will give some insights into how they do things in their VR space and how they engage their customers so they would come back more often. Let's dive in! WHAT YOU'LL LEARN FROM THIS EPISODE: How Steve manages different zones in the facility The cinema room experience and what demographics it attracts Why they chose LA Deadzone instead of Arizona Sunshine for their free-roam space Are they doing anything in mixed reality Prop tracking in their space Frog dissection app Steve created How does Steve land distribution deals Steve's experience in finding distributors Is Oculus Quest a game changer? VictoryXR: https://www.victoryxr.com/ Listen to PART 1 here: https://anchor.fm/bobcooney-vrdeepdive/episodes/EP67-Bob-Cooneys-Virtual-Reality-Deep-Dive---Steve-Grubbs-of-VictoryXR-Part-1-edsj5k

Steve Grubbs is the founder of VictoryXR, one of the world's leading providers of AR and VR curriculum to schools. VictoryXR's frog dissection was recently recognized by HTC Viveport as the best education VR product in the world. Steve also founded Paradigm, a VR and Esports facility for corporate training and gaming. Steve is a recovering politician who left the world of politics 20 years ago to embrace entrepreneurship as his way to solve the world's problems. In this episode, Bob will be talking with Steve about his businesses and how he manages them. Steve will give some insights into how they operate in their VR space and how they engage their customers so they would come back more often. Let's dive in! WHAT YOU'LL LEARN FROM THIS EPISODE: Steve's background on the businesses that he created Davenport's population and how Steve find's working in a small city Why double booths better revenue drivers and what is Steve does differently What type of games are offered in the double booths Steve's approach to food and beverage What indicators Steve saw that made him to bring in a liquor license The importance of group business Approaches to curriculum Steve talks about VR training modules market The technology and games Steve uses in their free-roam space VictoryXR: https://www.victoryxr.com/ Listen to PART 2 and 3 here: https://anchor.fm/bobcooney-vrdeepdive/episodes/P68-Bob-Cooneys-Virtual-Reality-Deep-Dive---Steve-Grubbs-of-VictoryXR-Part-2-edsj9n https://anchor.fm/bobcooney-vrdeepdive/episodes/EP69-Bob-Cooneys-Virtual-Reality-Deep-Dive---Steve-Grubbs-of-VictoryXR-Part-3-edsjcd

Steve Grubbs is the founder of VictoryXR, one of the world's leading providers of AR and VR curriculum to schools. VictoryXR's frog dissection was recently recognized by HTC Viveport as the best education VR product in the world. Steve also founded Paradigm, a VR and Esports facility for corporate training and gaming. Steve is a recovering politician who left the world of politics 20 years ago to embrace entrepreneurship as his way to solve the world's problems. In this episode, Bob will be talking with Steve about his businesses and how he manages them. Steve will give some insights into how they do things in their VR space and how they engage their customers so they would come back more often. Let's dive in! WHAT YOU'LL LEARN FROM THIS EPISODE: Promoting their educational product How Steve interacts with local school communities Challenges being the middle man Is the education building awareness of the entertainment What is a 100-seat arena and how much it costs Is eSports bringing revenue An internship deal Steve made with a local university and how it worked out Shout casting and eSports Where eSports fits in to the location-based entertainment How much did it cost Steve to build the whole facility Approaches to bring people in on the weekends VictoryXR: https://www.victoryxr.com/ Listen to PART 1 and 2 here: https://anchor.fm/bobcooney-vrdeepdive/episodes/EP67-Bob-Cooneys-Virtual-Reality-Deep-Dive---Steve-Grubbs-of-VictoryXR-Part-1-edsj5k https://anchor.fm/bobcooney-vrdeepdive/episodes/P68-Bob-Cooneys-Virtual-Reality-Deep-Dive---Steve-Grubbs-of-VictoryXR-Part-2-edsj9n

Steve Grubbs (https://www.victoryenterprises.com + https://www.linkedin.com/in/steve-grubbs-4708825/) is an Internet and technology entrepreneur, having founded four companies: Victory XR, Paradigm, Victory Enterprises, and VictoryStore.com. In 2016, VictoryXR was founded, which produces virtual reality curriculum for schools. In 2018, Intel invited VictoryXR to participate in its mentorship program and Microsoft licensed it’s content. Viveport awarded VictoryXR its award for best education VR content for 2018. In 2018, Paradigm, an early virtual reality and esports tech center was opened. Its model combines virtual reality, esports, STEM tutoring and corporate VR training to create an LBE model that is sustainable. Steve Founded Victory Enterprises in 1997 and built the first websites for the cities of Davenport, Moline and Eldridge. In 1999, Steve founded VictoryStore.com, which has grown to be an umbrella organization for more than 25 eCommerce sites. VictoryStore.com has been recognized by Internet Retailer magazine as one of the largest eCommerce stores in the United States. Steve served as Chairman of the Young Presidents Organization international technology network. This network had more than 3,000 tech CEO's as members. Steve also served previously as an Iowa legislator from ‘90-’96 and in that capacity, was chair of the House Education Committee which passed the state’s first technology funding bill. 2:14 Steve’s intro and values: always an entrepreneur 8:53 VR simulator and scenario training for job safety 12:18 Applications to social services, etc. 18:14 Why VR is the most effective tool for learning 21:18 VR tech success stories 24:31 Steve’s unique model for supporting new tech and investors 27:01 Are entrepreneurs born or made? 38:30 Upbringing 43:29 Biggest mentors and best lessons Connect with Gary Rabine and DDCEO: Visit the DDCEO BLOG: http://ditchdiggerceo.com/ Like DDCEO on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/DitchDiggerCEO Follow DDCEO on Twitter: https://twitter.com/DitchDiggerCEO Follow DDCEO on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/DitchDiggerCEO Subscribe on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCh03Px5ez_xe_oE_iJMMNIg/featured?view_as=subscriber

Dr. Hayes interviews Dr. Young about his time with CHOP and MOPP TRANSCRIPT   Disclaimer: The purpose of this podcast is to educate and to inform. This is not a substitute for professional medical care and is not intended for use in the diagnosis or treatment of individual conditions. Guests on this podcast express their own opinions, experience, and conclusions. The mention of any product, service, organization, activity, or therapy should not be construed as an ASCO endorsement. Dr. Hayes: Welcome to JCO's Cancer Stories, The Art of Oncology, brought to you by the ASCO Podcast Network, a collection of nine programs, covering a range of educational and scientific content, and offering enriching insight into the world of cancer care. You can find all of the shows, including this one, at podcast.asco.org. Welcome to Cancer Stories. I'm Dr. Daniel Hayes. I'm a medical oncologist and translational researcher at the University of Michigan, Rogel Cancer Center. And I've also had the pleasure of being past president of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. I'm privileged to be your host for a series of podcast interviews with people I consider the founders of our field. Over the last 40 years, I've really been fortunate to have been trained and mentored and inspired by many of these pioneers. It's my hope that through these conversations we can all be equally inspired by gaining an appreciation of the courage, the vision, and also the scientific understanding that led these men and women to establish the field of clinical cancer care over the last 70 years. By understanding how we got to the present and what we now consider normal in oncology, we can also imagine and we can work together towards a better future for our patients and their families during and after cancer treatment. Today, my guest on this podcast is Dr. Robert Young. Among many designations he has, my favorite I think for Dr. Young is that he was considered one of the, quote, "gang of five," end of quote, I think self-named, who were responsible for developing the first curative chemotherapy regimen for Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas at the National Cancer Institute in the early 1970s. Dr. Young is currently president of RCY Medicine, a private consulting firm based in Philadelphia. He was raised in Columbus, Ohio, where he couldn't get into the University of Michigan. So he went to a second-rate community college in Columbus called Ohio State. My bosses made me say it that way, Bob, here at the University of Michigan. Dr. Young: Not the correct way, The Ohio State University. Dr. Hayes: So he received his MD then at Cornell in 1965, followed by an internship at the New York Hospital. He spent the next two years as a clinical associate in the medicine branch at the National Cancer Institute. And then he completed his residency in medicine at Yale New Haven Medical Center. In 1970, he returned to the NCI, where he stayed for the next 18 years, serving during most of that as the chief of the medicine branch. Dr. Young accepted the role as president of the Fox Chase Cancer Center in Philadelphia and served in that role and then chancellor in 2009. Dr. Young has authored over 400 peer reviewed papers regarding a broad range of both scientific and policy issues in oncology. But in addition to the I consider astonishing and precedent-setting reports of cures in Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, perhaps most importantly with his longtime colleague and friend Dr. Robert Ozols, he led many of the early and groundbreaking studies in ovarian cancer diagnosis and treatment that I think still guide our care today for patients with this disease. He's won too many awards and honors for me to go through. But of the major ones, he won the prestigious Bristol-Myers Squibb award, which he shared with Dr. Ozols in 2002, the Margaret Foley Award for Leadership and Extraordinary Achievements in Cancer Research from the American Association of Cancer Research, and ASCO's Distinguished Service Award, one of our highest awards, for Scientific Leadership in 2004. Of note and close to my own heart, Bob served as the ASCO president 1989/1990, which I consider a really critical time in the evolution of our society. Dr. Young, welcome to our program. Dr. Young: Thank you. Dr. Hayes: So as I noted, you grew up in Columbus, Ohio, or again, as we say in Ann Arbor, that town down south, but more importantly that your father was a surgeon. And I've heard you tell the stories as a boy you went on rounds with him and that inspired it. Was he academic or was he a really community physician or both? Dr. Young: Well he was a little of both. He was primarily a community physician. But he did, particularly at the time of the Second World War, because he was a very skilled hand surgeon, he got involved with a lot of hand surgery related to a company called North American Aviation that produced a lot of World War II planes. And there were a lot of injuries in that setting. And so he became quite a skilled hand surgeon and actually taught at Ohio State's Medical Center. So he had both an academic and community-based practice. But primarily he was a practicing community surgeon. Dr. Hayes: And did you actually go into the OR with him as a boy? Dr. Young: Oh, yeah. Oh, sure. Dr. Hayes: Wow. Dr. Young: You know, in those days, there weren't any rules and regulations about that. And so I went in and watched surgery and held retractors and participated, you know, when I was a youngster. Dr. Hayes: Wow. What a privilege. You're right, that would not be allowed now. That's a good story. What did you see, bad and good, compared to medicine now then. I mean, if you had to say here are a couple things that we've lost that you regret. Dr. Young: Well, I think that it was more under the control of the physician than it is in this day and age in so many ways. For instance, my father practiced in three different hospitals. And he admitted patients depending upon what kind of surgical support and nursing support they needed. If they were complex, he went to a bigger hospital. If they were very straightforward cases, he put them into a smaller hospital. And so he had a lot more control over how his patients were dealt with and the circumstances under which they were cared for. And, of course, most of his practice was before Medicare and all of the insurance sort of thing, so that people paid what they could pay. And so it was a much simpler and much more physician-driven practice than it is today. Dr. Hayes: Just as an aside, there's a wonderful book called The Brothers Mayo, written by a woman named Clapesattle in the 1930s after both Charlie and Will died. And it's a history of the Mayo Clinic. But in it, she says that Will basically charged people what they could afford to pay. So if you were wealthy, he charged you a lot. And if you were poor, he gave it to you for free and everything in between. And he sort started made up the billing schedule the way he wanted it to happen. And one of his more wealthy patients challenged him on this, and he said, go somewhere else. Dr. Young: Yeah, well, that's exactly the kind of practice my father ran. Dr. Hayes: Yeah. Anyway, I'm intrigued by year two-year stint at the NCI in the late '60s before you then went back and finished at Yale. And hopefully this is not insulting and I know you're considered one of the so-called yellow berets. But tell me, tell us all about your choice to interrupt your residency and go to the NIH. I don't think our young listeners really understand the political climate and the circumstances of the time that led so many of you to go there. Dr. Young: Well, I think that's a great question, because it will lead to some of the other discussions we have later. But essentially, I graduated from medical school in 1965 at the height of the Vietnam War. And in those days, there was not only a general draft, there was a physicians draft. So graduating in medical school in those days, you had one of three choices. You could either take your chances-- and again, the numbers, your priority scores at the time, didn't really have anything to do with it, because they took as many doctors of whatever kind of type they wanted for whatever purpose they wanted. So that you couldn't be sure if you had a low number that you'd not be drafted. But you could take your chance. And in those days, a lot of people did. And a lot of people got drafted. Or you could join the Berry Plan, which was at the time an opportunity to continue your specialty training until you were finished. But then you owed back the military the number of years that you had been in specialty training. Or you could do a much less well-known track and that is with the US Public Health Service. And amongst the opportunities for the US Public Health Service were things like the Indian Health Service and the Coast Guard Service and those sorts of things, or the National Institutes of Health, about which at the time I knew almost nothing except that it existed. And I owe it to some of the folks that I worked with at Cornell, primarily a hematologist oncologist by the name of Dick Silver, Richard Silver, who's still at practice at New York Hospital, who when I was working in the labs there, because I was doing some research when I was at Cornell, and they were telling me about the fact that you could actually apply for a position at the NIH. And you would be in the US Public Health Service. So it took me about 3 milliseconds to figure out that for me that was clearly a track that I wanted to explore. And I had done some research in platelet function and platelet kinetics and so forth. And there was a guy by the Raphael Schulman who is at the NIH at the time. And I said, that would be a miracle if I could get this. So the way it worked was that you applied. And then you actually interviewed with a whole bunch of different people. And as it turned out, I didn't get a position with Dr. Schulman. But I was introduced to the National Cancer Institute and both the leukemia service and the then called the solid tumor service. And I applied to various things like that. And I actually got in on the leukemia service. So I walked in after I signed up and was taking care of little kids with acute leukemia, having never been a pediatrician or knowing anything about leukemia. But it was a baptism of fire and a very exciting place even then. Dr. Hayes: I want to get back to that in a second because that's a critical part of this. But, again, going back to the political climate, my opinion, this entire issue and your personal journey and many others had a profound effect on both the scientific and medical community of this country as a whole. I think it was an unintended effect. But because of the Vietnam War and because the NIH was such a great place to train in those days. Do you agree with me? Dr. Young: You are absolutely correct. I mean, one of the things that needs to be said is that this was a transformational phenomenon for cancer research. But it also took place in every other field. And the NIH at the time was just swarming with people of all medical disciplines who were coming to take advantage of the opportunities that existed within the NIH, but also to serve in this capacity as opposed to some of the alternatives that were around. And I think I heard a figure one time, which I'm sure is true, and that is at one point in time, 30% of the chairmen of medicine in the United States had done training at the NIH before they ended up being chairmen of medicine. So that gives you an idea of the impact of this. And you're absolutely right, it was a totally unintended consequence. Nobody ever designed it that way. Nobody ever planned for it to happen that way. But in retrospect, when looked at it and you can see exactly why what happened happened. Dr. Hayes: Yeah. And I interrupted you, but I did it on purpose, because it didn't sound to me like you really had a plan to go into cancer treatment, but sort of landed there serendipitously. Is that true? I mean how do you end up there? Dr. Young: Oh yeah, oh, yeah, I mean I did get very interested in hematology when I was in medical school. I first went to medical school, of course, thinking I was going to be a surgeon, because my father had a great practice and he had a wonderful experience with surgery and it was really cool. But I just found that I just wasn't designed just the same way. And it was increasingly clear that cancer was not my not my goal-- I mean, surgery was not my goal. And so, you know, I knew I wanted to stay in internal medicine. And I got interested in the research. And I had done some significant research and in platelet function, as I said. I knew that's what I wanted to do, some sort of clinically-related research in medicine. If I'd had my choices, of course, I would have gone into a sort of pure hematology track. And, of course, it's worth saying that it's difficult for oncologists nowadays to understand how big an outlier oncology was. There was no subspecialty in oncology at the time I went to train down there. There was a subspecialty in hematology. And, of course, all of us, the Gang of Five that you mentioned, all of us took hematology boards. And that's because it wasn't clear that there was going to be oncology. When oncology came along we all took the first oncology boards ever given. So that gives you an idea of how early in the history of oncology we were in the late '60s, early 1970s. Dr. Hayes: So we're talking 1970 or so right when you started? Dr. Young: Well, 1967 to '69, I was a clinical associate. Then I was at Yale for a year. And then in 1970, I came back on the senior staff. Dr. Hayes: And who were the characters above you when you came in? I know Doctors Frei and Freireich had been there before. Dr. Young: Yes. Frei and Freireich had just left the year before. One went off to MD Anderson, the other went off to the Memorial. And George and Vince-- George Cannellos, Vince DeVita-- had stayed on, with Vince as the head of the medicine branch. And then when we came back, Vince sort of brought two of us back that he'd had before, Bruce Chabner and I. He'd sort of sent us off to Yale and said they could buff us up a little bit. And he didn't offer us a job coming back. But we went off, and we were training up there. And he called us both up and says, why don't you to come back and join the senior staff. He recruited Phil Schein as well. And so that was the Gang of Five that we started out. Four of us ended up being president of ASCO at one time or another. And I suspect the only one who didn't, Bruce Chabner, probably would have except for the fact that he was the director of the Division of Cancer Treatment of the NCI for a long time. And the NCI and the NIH changed its attitude toward allowing people to participate in major leadership positions nationally, a tragedy as far as I'm concerned, which has I think affected the morale of the NIH and a lot of other things and deprived a lot of good people of opportunities to serve nationally. But that was the way it was, otherwise we would all ended up at some point leading-- Dr. Hayes: So the Gang of Five was you Bruce Chabner, George Cannellos, Phil Schein, and Vince DeVita, right? Dr. Young: Right, exactly. Dr. Hayes: And what were the dynamics among you? I mean, so were you and-- Dr. Young: Well, I mean, it was an incredible time. You know, there was enormous talent that had poured into the NIH, as we talked before. And an enormous amount of talent was present and was recruited in during this period of time. I mean, you know, Paul Carbone was still there. John Minna was recruited. Harman Ayer, who was the longtime chief medical officer of the American Cancer Society. Tom Waldman was a world class hematologist. Max Wicha was a part of this group. Sam Broder, Allen Lichter, an other ASCO president, Steve Rosenberg, Phil Pizzo was the head of the pediatric oncology branch, now dean at Stanford. And it goes on and on and on. And so there's a massive amount of talent and a lot of freedom. And so Vince was clearly the leader, he had a lot of ideas and a lot of creativity. But he let out a lot of people do whatever they wanted at the same time. And it was sort of a situation in which we all participated, because we were all attending at the same time. So Vince and George did a lot of the lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease stuff. We all participated. I got interested in ovarian cancer. And you talked about that. Bruce Chabner and Phil Schein were always very pharmacologically oriented. And so they did a lot of the phase 1 and phase 2 trials and a lot of the laboratory backup associated with the studies we did. And everybody shared. And so there was really not a lot of competition in that sense. Everybody was I think very competitive. Because it was all sort of shared, it worked out so that everybody felt that they were getting a substantial part of the recognition that was going on in the group. Another thing that was unusual about the NIH, but it had unintended, but important consequences is that nobody had anything to do with what they got paid. So that you could go to events and say, well, you know, I deserve to be paid more, but it didn't have anything to do with what you got paid. We had no control over anybody's salary. So that I don't think the whole time I was there, the whole 14 years I was chief of the medicine branch, I don't think I ever had a conversation with anybody about money, because I didn't have anything to do with what people got paid. Let me tell you, that's a big change. It actually has a remarkable, remarkable effect on the way people work. Because if for some reason somebody wanted to make more money, they just had to leave. There wasn't any way to do it. So you either had to accept that this is what everybody got paid and that you were rewarded by the opportunities to do the kinds of research that were done. Or you said, look, I need to go on and go somewhere else. Dr. Hayes: Now, just between you and me, and maybe a few thousand other people who are listening to this, who is the first guy to say let's give combination chemotherapy to Hodgkin's disease? Dr. Young: Well, actually, I don't know the answer to that. I think if I had to guess, I would say Vince, because Vince and George had been around in the Frei and Freireich days. And of course, you know, they'd already had experience with the impact of combination chemotherapy in leukemia. And so the concept was you took drugs that were active in the disease and put them together if they had different kinds of toxicity. And you were then able to utilize the combined impact on the tumor and sort of spread around the toxicity. So it was more tolerable. And that was the concept. And I think that because Vince and George were treating chronic leukemias and treating Hodgkin's disease, the notion of combining it with combinations was pretty straightforward evolution from the experience in leukemia. There are other people who claim that. I think from time to time both Jay Freireich and Tom Frei have claimed it. I think that there was a dust up between Vince and Paul Carbone and George because there was some suggestion by somebody that Paul was the one who originated the idea or Gordon Zubrod. And quite frankly, I don't know. If I knew, I would tell you. But I don't actually know. I can tell you this, that the emotional and passionate driver of the concept of combination chemotherapy as a successful modality in Hodgkin's disease and lymphoma was Vincent. Dr. Hayes: Your answer is very consistent with what other people have said the same thing. It must have been somewhere along the line that all of you began to see that there really were cures. And did you realize, as a group, that you were making history? Or was it just day to day-- Dr. Young: Well, you know, it's interesting. I can tell you one of the most transformational experiences that I had in the early days is, of course, we were following all these patients who had started on MOP. And so to do that you had to sort of go back and pull out the charts and all this kind of stuff. You know, we didn't have electronic systems that had all the stuff recorded. You just had to go down and pull off the charts. And what struck me so tremendously was the attitude of the physicians that had first started some of these patients on this therapy, because the notes made it very clear that they were sort of flabbergasted when these people came back after the first couple of months and they were watching their disease disappear, and that they really didn't anticipate at all, initially, that they were going to see these people after a couple of weeks. And it was very clear in the notes. By the time we had gotten there, of course, there were a significant number of people already on the trial. And it was already clear that we were seeing things that nobody had ever seen before. And I think that's when it first began to dawn on everybody. And as soon as we saw it in Hodgkin's disease based on the experience that we'd seen with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, we had a suspicion that it would likely be the case as well there. Dr. Hayes: So you already bounced across it, but as I was looking through your CV I knew this anyway, you really mentored a who's who of oncology-- Rich Schilsky, Dan Longo, Max Whishaw, Dan Van Hoff-- and you noted already that oncology training has evolved. I mean BJ Kennedy pushed through boards I think in '74 or '75, something around there. What have you seen in the evolution on oncology training that you think is good or bad? Dr. Young: Oh, I think in general, it's much better. And I think it's much better because, of course, there's a lot of success that's been built into what's been accomplished. And that makes it a lot easier to teach people about how to treat Hodgkin's disease well, than we ever could at the time we were doing it because nobody knew the answer to those things. And I think there's also a lot more of it. You know, I think at the time we were at the NIH, you know, I think credibly you could count on both hands the number of really established academic oncology programs in the United States. And now, there are probably 100. And so the quality of training and the quality of mentoring is dramatically better than it was in those days. In those days, you know, hematologist we're doing most of the treatment of cancers. And they were all sort of in the Sidney Farber mode. You take one drug, and you give it as long as it works. And then you switch to another drug and use that as long as it works. And that was pretty much the way hematologists approached the disease. And by all means, you don't cause any toxicity. Dr. Hayes: I picked up several adults who had been Sidney Farber's patient when I was at the Dana-- Sidney Farber Cancer Institute in those days in the early '80s. So I had his handwritten notes. And sadly, I did not photocopy them. I would have love to have had it. But he had a very different mindset in terms of the way-- Dr. Young: Oh, absolutely, absolutely. And as far as I can tell, this is just my own personal reaction, is that I don't think either George or Vince at the time we got here shared any of that attitude. George is a little more cautious than Vince, as everybody knows. But neither one of them for a minute ever suggested that we were being too aggressive, that it was unfair and immoral to treat people with these kinds of toxicities, not that they desired to make people sick. But they were absolutely convinced that aggressive therapy could make a dramatic difference in the natural history of these diseases. Dr. Hayes: Yeah, certainly, Dr. Frei felt that way too. Dr. Young: Yes. And well, they were his mentors. I mean, you know, all these guys were there at the same time. And they were all influencing one another. Dr. Hayes: You know, it's amazing, I think all of us-- there are 44,000 members of ASCO now-- basically are derived from about 10 people in the 1950s and '60s, most of the DNA, not completely-- Karnofsky and some others around, but-- Dr. Young: Oh, yeah. Dr. Hayes: Well, the other thing is actually, you were talking about the safety, what are the war stories? I mean, how did you give chemotherapy? Were you guys mixing it up and giving it yourself? You know, we got all these bells and whistles. Dr. Young: Well, I mean, for instance, you know this is the first time really protocols were written. And the reason that we wrote protocols was simply because we were working with fellows. And they literally needed the recipe of what it was they were supposed to give and when. And so we wrote up these what were the first of the clinical trial protocols. There was no formal informed consent at the time of these studies. We had, of course, informed consent, the same way you do informed consent now, really. And that is you talk to the patient. You explain to the patient what the treatment is and what your expectations for the treatment are. And the patient understands the disease they face and decide that they can do it or not do it. And it's actually still the same today. The only difference is we now have 14, 17-page informed consent documents that make lawyers happy, but don't really impact, at least in my view, whether patients decide to participate or not. But we didn't have those. So I think that was the other one of the great things about the setting at the NIH, not that I'm anti-informed consent, but it was simpler. It was easier to get something done. You could do unconventional treatment and nobody looked at you and said, "you can't do that, that's never been done before, you're not allowed to do that." We didn't have academic constraints. One of the things that always surprised me is when, you know, we would develop a particular technique, like peritoneoscopy or laparoscopy for ovarian cancer staging, and when guys left the program having been well-trained to do this, they couldn't do it when they went to their new institutions because gastroenterologists did this. That was the sort of thing that the constraint wasn't here. There were also very easy-- I mean, all you had to do was to get an idea and write it up. I took a look at ovarian cancer and said, you know, "It seems to me, here's a disease that's now being managed by gynecologic oncologist. Internists never see these patients. They're all treated with the melphalan. And those that happen to live a long time develop acute leukemia from that treatment. They ought to be something better than what we're doing." And so we just decided that we would begin to take patients with advanced ovarian cancer into the NIH. And the rest sort of is history. But you couldn't do that in another hospital. You know, the biggest treaters of ovarian cancer probably program-wise was MD Anderson. But all his patients were treated by gynecologic oncologists. You couldn't have gone into the MD Anderson and said, "OK, we're going to take over the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer." They would have laughed in your face. Dr. Hayes: Actually, you just segued into my next question. And again, you and Dr. Ozols, in my opinion, completely changed the course of ovarian cancer treatment. Did you get a lot of pushback from the gynecologic community? Dr. Young: Well, no, actually. It's interesting. Now I don't know what we got behind the lines, you know when they were all sitting around the bar after the meetings. We really didn't. First of all, one of the other advantages of being at the NIH is that when you said something, people listened. And the other thing is, of course, when we got really going with ovarian cancer-- this was after the passage of the National Cancer Act-- and there was money at the NIH. So one of the things we did, for instance, was to put on a series of symposia about ovarian cancer treatment, what was going on, what wasn't going on, and brought the movers and shakers of this field together in meetings and talked about what was being done and what should be done and what information we didn't have that we needed. And we actually got funded for a period of time, a group called the Ovarian Cancer Study Group, which eventually evolved into the Gynecologic Oncology Cooperative Group, National Cooperative Group. So we had some other tools that we could bring to bear to drum up an interest in new research in ovarian cancer. And, of course, gynecologic oncologists couldn't prevent us from taking patients that were referred to us. And our surgeons, for instance, none of whom were gynecologic oncologists, were happy to help and to operate on them when they needed to be operated on. And Steve Rosenberg's group has fantastic surgeons. So we didn't have any problem getting state of the art surgery done on these people. And, in fact, they are general surgeons learned some gynecologic oncology at the same time. Dr. Hayes: Yeah, you know, it's been interesting to me that the surgeons, the general surgeons, willingly gave a systemic therapy. But that still in this country, there are very few medical oncologist who do GYN oncology. It's still mostly done by GYN oncologists. Dr. Young: Yes. Dr. Hayes: And there are very few trained medical oncologist in this. And I think it's gotten too complicated for a surgeon to do both. I don't really see why that hasn't happened based on, especially your model and Bob's model, that's my own soapbox. Dr. Young: Yeah, that's an interesting point, because at the NIH, when we were there, Steve Rosenberg and Eli Gladstein in radiation therapy, there were no rules that said that they couldn't do chemotherapy. And, in fact, they did it sometimes. And we didn't say anything about it. Usually, they called on us and said, hey, look, you know, we need you to help us or participate with us or whatever. But there were no rules that said that they couldn't. And sometimes they did. But for the most part they said, "look, this is not the business we're in. We want you guys to do the chemotherapy." And so for the most part we were able to do that. Dr. Hayes: The entire NSABP, those guys were all given their own surgery, their own chemotherapy. And they ultimately handed most of it over to medical oncology through the years. But that's not happened so much in GYN. OK, I want to go into your role in ASCO at the end here. And as I noted, I think you were president during a really critical turning point for the society. And just a few things, you already mentioned that I think you were already at Fox Chase when you ran. So you'd left NCI. And what made you run? But more importantly, tell us about your role in the evolution at that time of the society. Dr. Young: I think actually they recruited me to run just at the time that I was looking to leave. And so I left in December of 1988. And I was president of ASCO 1989 to 1990. At the time, I had moved from the medicine branch and ran the cancer center's program for a year. And I decided that I liked it. I thought, well, maybe I'll just stay here for the rest of my life, the way Steve Rosenberg did and others have done very successfully. But I said, well, you know, it's either sort of now or never. And so I decided that I would make the jump. But when I got into the sort of ladder, if you will, of ASCO through the board and so forth, it became clear that there were a couple of things that were a real challenge for the society. The society had at the time for the most part been essentially run on contract, that there was no organization of ASCO at all. It was it was all run by a contract organization. And it was clear that we had grown to a size such that we really needed to begin to recruit our own leadership staff. And so my year as president was actually the first year we hired a full-time employee. And she was based in a law firm that we used for ASCO legal business. But that was the first employee ever hired by ASCO. And that was in 1990, or 1989, I don't remember which, put in that year anyway. The other thing that was going on, which was critical for the society, is that, of course, there's always been a 'town gown' challenge in all aspects of medicine. And medical oncology was no different. So it had originally been the province of academic oncologists. But the numbers began to change dramatically. And it became clear that there was an enormous number of community-based oncologists, who looked at the challenges that face the organization somewhat differently than the academics. And this is one of the things that I think I benefited from growing up with a father that had both his feet in the community-based practice and the academic practice. And I realized how private practicing physicians view academics and view academic control of organizations. And I realized-- and others did too. I wasn't alone on this-- that we really needed to build up the recognition of community-based oncology as a first class citizen in the society. And so we began to create and bring in all of these state society organizations. And we began to get leadership roles who were based in community oncology, rather than just academics. And Joe Bailes was our first head of the Public Relations Committee of the society and grew this into a national presence and became the first community-based president of ASCO. So I think I think those are the two things that I saw that hopefully I made an impact on. And it always amazes me to realize that the society was really that young. I mean, people can't believe that it's just, what, 30 years ago when we had our first employee. Dr. Hayes: Yeah, that's why I'm doing these podcasts. We make sure we get this history. You know, it's interesting, I often give you credit for the ladder. As president myself, it was made very clear to me that 90% of the patients in this country with cancer are treated by community oncologists, maybe 85% or so. And about 2/3 of our membership are community oncologists. So we now have designated seats on the board of directors. We started a Department of Clinical Affairs that Steve Grubbs is running. That's just a few years old. But, boy, it's been fabulous. We now have a designated chair, the state affiliate council is invited to the board of directors and sits in and presents. And the state affiliate councils meets at ASCO headquarters at least once a year. And we've had a couple presidents who are, besides Joe, Doug Blayney and Skip Burris now coming in in June. So I think we've been reaching out. It always struck me when I sat in the headquarters, the seven founding members were, for the most part, community people. They met just to talk about how do you give chemotherapy. It wasn't, you know, about Tom Frei or Freireich or Jim Holland. It was folks in the community. And then it grew into an academic society. And I think you and then Joe Bailes and others kind of brought us back and grounded us. And to me, that's a really critical evolution in our society. I think it's made us much stronger. So those are most of my questions. You've answered almost everything I had written down that I always wanted to ask you if I got a moment in a cab with you. I want to thank you for taking time to do this. But more importantly, I want to thank you for all the contributions you have made to the field. I mean, I don't think I would be here and I don't think most of us who do oncology would be here if it weren't for you and the Gang of Five and the things you've done, both by the courage to moving forward to giving the kinds of chemotherapy and stuff, establishing science in the field, but also the policy stuff. Your articles in The New England Journal over the years, I think have been classics. You should put this all in a book and send them out to everybody because they have to do with not just giving chemotherapy, but the whys and hows of what we do. So I know I'm being long-winded, but that's because I'm a big fan. Well, thank you very much. Dr. Young: You know one of the things, I got to say is that I've just been a very lucky person. I happened to have had great opportunities. And I think I was able to take advantage of those opportunities. But somebody gave me those opportunities and put me at the right place at the right time. And so I am a very lucky guy. Dr. Hayes: Well, and I want to finish up and say how nice it is to see at least one graduate of Ohio State University do well. You know, it doesn't come very often. So congrat-- Dr. Young: Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah The team up north, the team that will not be named, yes. Dr. Hayes: Thank you so much. And appreciate all you've done. Again, appreciate your taking time with us. Dr. Young: Thank you very much, Dan. Dr. Hayes: Until next time, thank you for listening to this JCO's Cancer Stories, The Art of Oncology podcast. If you enjoyed what you heard today, don't forget to give us a rating or review on Apple Podcasts or wherever you listened. While you're there, be sure to subscribe so you never miss an episode. JCO's Cancer Stories, The Art of Oncology podcast is just one ASCO's many podcasts. You can find all the shows at podcast.asco.org.

Welcome to the ASCO Daily News podcast. I'm Lauren Davis, and joining me today is Dr. Linda Bosserman, assistant clinical professor at City of Hope in Southern California where she is a breast cancer specialist who does research and projects in value-based care for the organization. Dr. Bosserman is also editor in chief of the Journal of Oncology Practice who served as chair for the third annual Oncology Practice Conference that just concluded last week. Dr. Bosserman, welcome to the podcast. Thank you so much for having me. We're glad you're here. So you've just returned from the conference. How was this year's event compared with previous years? Well, the feedback was that this was the most successful oncology practice meeting that we've had. I have to really give credit to my planning committee including the co-chair of Barry Rousseau and the imminent Robin Zahn, who is the chair of last year's conference, and all three of us have been on the planning committee with many really amazing national specialists to put this together. The focus this year was really on issues of administration and practice that would help people within community practice or academics in improving quality and care delivery. What were some of the key themes and presentations of this year's conference? So we divided the conference into five major topics. The first was practical solutions for something we all deal with every day-- physician compensation and succession planning. There were incredible talks led by Barry Rousseau and Tracy Weisberg, but with Lance [INAUDIBLE] from Stratify Health Consultants, Dean Gest, Mia Long, experienced oncologists with Texas Oncology from Minnesota Oncology with a lot of succession planning wisdom and Brad Sommer from West Clinic who really talked about very different models of hospital-based and private-based compensation and succession planning. That was very successful and helpful the people. The second major topic was implementing a medically integrated pharmacy. So that was led by Steve Giamatto and Paul Fossberg from Minnesota Oncology and from New England Cancer Specialists and really had specials from Ray Bailey from Florida Cancer Specialists, Stacy McCullough Pharm D from Tennessee Oncology and Ira Ciccone from New York Chemo ONC Albany Med Center. I had to laugh because our private practice in 2008 put this in and really helped spur some of the work that went on later at US oncology when we join them and now at City of Hope, a very large multi-specialty, multi-site academic network. And, in fact, this topic was so important there were subsequent key presentations at the oncology quality meeting, which followed the next two days after the business conference so highly recommend those talks. The third talk was really uncharted waters, how to leverage your practice data, led again by Dr. Zahn and Harvey Bickoff and included Kathleen Beekham from IHA, hematology oncology, talked about practice net and the benchmarking data, Kimberly Woofter, who is really from [INAUDIBLE] and Christian [INAUDIBLE] who is with UnitedHealthcare and a former ASCO administrator. Another key topic on how to use data both for your internal processes, improving care delivery, and quality as well as to negotiate high-quality care with payers and employers. Our fourth topic was really about value-based contracting, which is the theme of all of our current lives, really led by again Barry Rosseau and Robert Baird of Dayton Physicians and, of course, Barry from Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders. Steve Grubbs from ASCO talked about the PCOP model and fundamental components of contracting. Julie Royalty from Humana spoke, and Terrell Jordan from regional Cancer Care Associates in New Jersey spoke. Lot of wisdom in how we're all navigating this value-based contracting transition as we move from volume-base to value-based contracting and care delivery. And then this is really tied together in our keynote presentation from Laura Simon and Olivia Ross, both from the Pacific Business Group on Health who really talked about the employer review and that the majority of private care is covered by employers. They're seeing 10% to 12% of their costs for 1% to 2% of their employees depending on the age of the population. They want rapid access to very precise personalized cancer care, the state of the art, but they want it cost effectively and they want integration between the centers that do specialty surgery and transplant and [INAUDIBLE] with local physicians that can provide that hands on local care to the patient and their family in the community. So those topics really tied together as the key issues that are affecting practices today regardless of the setting that you're in. That's interesting. A lot of fascinating topics that really do affect everyone within a practice. So I'm curious, what are some of the challenges of practices are facing. If practices are moving more towards a value-based system, how do you see that working going forward? Everything was about the move to value whether it's compensation, succession, data, how we contract, implementing programs including [INAUDIBLE] integrated pharmacy, and how we work with employers. So that really is a challenge for small practices because we're talking about an extensive set of data and administrative oversight and reporting as well as a comprehensive set of care delivery. So for small practices, it means networking with larger groups, networking with academic centers, or national groups that are reaching out on behalf of employers to help them have the tools they need or telemedicine those services to their practice or send patients very selectively to major centers and then return to small practices. And then, of course, we're seeing the large move across the country with academic centers networking with large groups of local providers so that there can be one standard of care and meet this need as well as other groups such as US oncology providing network services across the country. So these themes really were reflected here in the moved to value, and we saw several of these subsequently in the oncology quality symposia where they presented research and panels on these same themes. So there were a lot of great presentations there that really were the foundation, and the issues were raised at the business conference, which I highly recommend. That's great. It sounds like these themes really tie together. They do because they're really front and center for how we're practicing medicine, how we're providing services, what kind of services we're providing both in the practices in different settings, or networking those services, and overall ensuring that every patient has access to personalized precision oncology care, supportive care, end of life care, preventive care through the oncology experts who all show up every day to make this available to their patients. And I think what's exciting is that if you attended the conference, you can have access to the live videos and the slides at opc.asco.org. And if you didn't attend, you can go on the ASCO website and purchase the videos and the slides, which I highly recommend because they were so focused on the real problems that people are facing administratively and in clinician leadership in whatever practice setting you are practicing in. That's very true. Again today my guest has been Dr. Linda Bosserman. Thanks so much for being on our podcast today. Thank you so much. Appreciate it. And to our listeners, thank you for tuning into the ASCO Daily News podcast. You can find all of ASCO's podcasts on podcast.asco.org. If you're enjoying the content, we encourage you to subscribe, rate, and review us on Apple Podcasts.

Once again….we’re live! This time from the Sacramento Culture Drop, where we spoke with Legacy Franchisee and all around good guy, Steve Grubbs! Steve shared his story about having a successful business with his wife flipping houses in Oregon, but decided to take a chance on DB and started working in the stands at age 37! Steve reminds us all that it’s never too late to try a new career path. Enjoy!

These days, more and more students can — and do — opt out of animal dissection in science classes, and not just because formaldehyde smells awful. As fewer kids are morally comfortable with chopping up an amphibian in the name of their education, an alternative will be needed. VictoryXR’s Steve Grubbs offers a solution through VR, and chats with Alan about how XR can be used to enhance education in other ways, too. Alan: Today’s guest is Steve Grubbs, founder and CEO of VictoryVR, one of the world leaders in virtual reality educational product development. To date, they have created over 240 unique VR experiences, spanning over 50 different learning units, with educational partners like Carolina Biological and Oxford University. They have been able to develop brand new educational encounters for VR users around the globe. Steve is also a member of YPO and was recently featured in an article entitled Virtual Reality Is Transporting Students to the Next Frontier in Science Education. You can learn more about Steve’s company at VictoryXR.com. Steve, welcome to the show. Steve: Alan, thanks for having me. I appreciate it. We’ve been working in XR Technologies — first virtual reality, and then augmented reality — since 2016. I first tried to headset on near the end of 2015 and it struck me that this type of technology would change the world. And so, we struck out and decided that our field would be education. And so we dug in and figured out how to do it, because at that point it was very difficult to find people; you couldn’t just hire people off the street who knew how to create virtual reality technology. We set to work figuring it out. In September of 2016, I attended a group meeting with some folks in Dallas, and then by January of 2017, we had our first major product in a school. I felt pretty good that we were able to move quickly on that first experience. Alan: That’s incredible. Let me ask you a quick question. What was the first experience that you tried that inspired you to start VictoryVR? Steve: Well, it was a MetaVRse product that I downloaded to my phone some time, in Google Cardboard. I am pretty sure I went to the iPhone store and tried a roller coaster — and this had been a few years now. And then I tried The New York Times 360 News reporting on my phone and they both were great, amazing, cool, and so I said, this is something I want to be a part of. Alan: For those people that don’t know you and VictoryVR, maybe just give us a 10,000-foot view of your mission and why you’re doing what you’re doing, and where you see the company going. Describe your company, the products, and the platform that’s being used. Steve: We believe that we can change education in a positive way around the world. If you think about it, for decades — I used to serve in the Iowa legislature, and I was chairman of the Education Committee, and we spent a lot of time addressing, how do we improve education? And there were a lot of things we did on the input side, but at the end of the day, what we all know is that if students love to learn, they love what they’re learning — like all of us — then there’s no work in it; you just love to do it, and you immerse yourself in it. We believe that XR Technologies — VR and AR — are the solution to having students love what they’re learning. So we’re creating as much content as possible, aligned to standards, so that teachers can integrate it into their lesson plans, or parents can just simply pull it off the shelf and use it. I have a background in technology. I started my first tech company in 1997, building web sites. I bought a book called “Web Sites for Dummies,” read i

These days, more and more students can — and do — opt out of animal dissection in science classes, and not just because formaldehyde smells awful. As fewer kids are morally comfortable with chopping up an amphibian in the name of their education, an alternative will be needed. VictoryXR’s Steve Grubbs offers a solution through VR, and chats with Alan about how XR can be used to enhance education in other ways, too. Alan: Today’s guest is Steve Grubbs, founder and CEO of VictoryVR, one of the world leaders in virtual reality educational product development. To date, they have created over 240 unique VR experiences, spanning over 50 different learning units, with educational partners like Carolina Biological and Oxford University. They have been able to develop brand new educational encounters for VR users around the globe. Steve is also a member of YPO and was recently featured in an article entitled Virtual Reality Is Transporting Students to the Next Frontier in Science Education. You can learn more about Steve’s company at VictoryXR.com. Steve, welcome to the show. Steve: Alan, thanks for having me. I appreciate it. We’ve been working in XR Technologies — first virtual reality, and then augmented reality — since 2016. I first tried to headset on near the end of 2015 and it struck me that this type of technology would change the world. And so, we struck out and decided that our field would be education. And so we dug in and figured out how to do it, because at that point it was very difficult to find people; you couldn’t just hire people off the street who knew how to create virtual reality technology. We set to work figuring it out. In September of 2016, I attended a group meeting with some folks in Dallas, and then by January of 2017, we had our first major product in a school. I felt pretty good that we were able to move quickly on that first experience. Alan: That’s incredible. Let me ask you a quick question. What was the first experience that you tried that inspired you to start VictoryVR? Steve: Well, it was a MetaVRse product that I downloaded to my phone some time, in Google Cardboard. I am pretty sure I went to the iPhone store and tried a roller coaster — and this had been a few years now. And then I tried The New York Times 360 News reporting on my phone and they both were great, amazing, cool, and so I said, this is something I want to be a part of. Alan: For those people that don’t know you and VictoryVR, maybe just give us a 10,000-foot view of your mission and why you’re doing what you’re doing, and where you see the company going. Describe your company, the products, and the platform that’s being used. Steve: We believe that we can change education in a positive way around the world. If you think about it, for decades — I used to serve in the Iowa legislature, and I was chairman of the Education Committee, and we spent a lot of time addressing, how do we improve education? And there were a lot of things we did on the input side, but at the end of the day, what we all know is that if students love to learn, they love what they’re learning — like all of us — then there’s no work in it; you just love to do it, and you immerse yourself in it. We believe that XR Technologies — VR and AR — are the solution to having students love what they’re learning. So we’re creating as much content as possible, aligned to standards, so that teachers can integrate it into their lesson plans, or parents can just simply pull it off the shelf and use it. I have a background in technology. I started my first tech company in 1997, building web sites. I bought a book called “Web Sites for Dummies,” read i

The purpose of this podcast is to educate and to inform. This is not a substitute for professional medical care, and is not intended for use in the diagnosis or treatment of individual conditions. Guests on this podcast express their own opinions, experience, and conclusions. The mention of any product, service, organization, activity, or therapy should not be construed as an ASCO endorsement. Welcome to Cancer Stories. I'm Dr. Daniel Hayes, a medical oncologist. And I'm a translational researcher at the University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center. And I'm also the past president of ASCO. Over the next several podcasts, I am privileged to be your host for a series of interviews with the founders of our field. Over the last 40 years, I've been fortunate to have been trained, mentored, and frankly, inspired by many of these pioneers. It's my hope that through these conversations, we can all be equally inspired by gaining an appreciation of the courage, the vision, and the scientific understanding that led these men and women to establish the field of cancer clinical care over the last 70 years. By understanding of how we got to the present, and what we now consider normal in oncology, we can also imagine and work together towards a better future, where we offer patients better treatments, and are also able to support them and their families during and after cancer treatment. Today, I am very pleased to have as my guest on this podcast, Dr. John Minna. John is generally considered one of the pioneers of translational research in solid tumors, and he's widely recognized as a leader in lung cancer. Dr. Minna is currently the director of the Hammond Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, and Professor of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, where he also holds the Max L. Thomas Distinguished Chair in Molecular Pulmonary Oncology, and the Sarah M. and Charles E. Seay Distinguished Chair in Cancer Research. Dr. Minna received undergraduate medical degrees from Stanford in the mid-1960s, which were followed by a residency at Harvard's Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston. He then went to the NIH, and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute for his fellowship in biochemical genetics at the NIH with Dr. Marshall Nirenberg. And then he stayed at the NHLBI as the head of the section on somatic cell genetics. In 1975, he became chief of the NCI-VA Medical Oncology branch within the Clinical Oncology program of the Division of Cancer Treatment. And in 1991, he then moved to University of Texas Southwestern in Dallas, where he served as the director of the Sammons Cancer Center and Chief of the Division of Medical Oncology for four years. And since, he has held his current position. Doctor Minna has authored over 700 peer-reviewed papers, and well over 100 other reviews, book chapters, and educationally related manuscripts. He's won too many awards and honors for me to go through in detail. But these include the AACR's Rosenthal award, and ASCO's Scientific Achievement Award, two of the highest in those two organizations. He's also received the ASCO Statesman Award, and he's served on both the AACR and the ASCO boards of directors. He's been PI of the combined UTSW and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Lung Cancer Specialized Program in Research Excellence. And in 2015, he was named one of the Giants of Oncology by OncLive. Dr. Minna, that's quite a mouthful, though. Welcome to our program. Thank you so much, Dan. And thanks for all your work in ASCO and everything, too. Well, actually, it was, as you can imagine, a great privilege. I just had a fabulous time. Just as an aside, when I got elected, I interviewed about 10 former presidents. And at the end of each of my set of questions, I said, well, fill in the blanks. What do you want to talk about? Almost everyone of them said the saddest day of their career was the day they had to quit being president of ASCO. And I know that now. Anyway, now I know you went to Stanford. Were you always a California boy? Or how did you get to Stanford? Well, yes. I was born in San Francisco, actually at the Presidio, which is now a fancy movie set-- some of the priciest real estate. And then, my dad was in the Army. My mom was a nurse. And then I grew up in San Diego. And my Dad had the largest family practice in San Diego. And my mom was the nurse that ran the office. I never forget, I called them one day when I was an intern at Mass General and complained I had 25 outpatients that I saw that day. And they laughed. They'd seen 80. And I made maybe 500 house calls with my dad, carrying his bag when I was younger. And so, he obviously was in medical school just before and then right after the Depression. And so, he had had an opportunity. He was going to do a fellowship in pediatrics at Harvard, but couldn't do it. He had to support all his parents and everything. And, by the way, he had immigrated from Italy when he was a kid. So this was quite a story. And so they always encouraged me to go into academic medicine. It was interesting, because all his buddies were surgeons that kept telling me to come back and be a general surgeon in San Diego. So anyways, I grew up in San Diego. And then was lucky enough to get into Stanford undergraduate medical school. So I went back and looked at your publication list, which dates back to the mid-1960s. By the way, I was in junior high then. It looks to me from your list of publications that you weren't originally headed to a career in oncology. In fact, it looks like you were doing genetics. So you've done a lot in lung cancer. Tell us what happened at the NIH that you sort of changed gears and went into lung cancer. Well, actually, the cancer decision was actually made back in medical school. And it was those-- two of the people that you mentioned when we were talking before, Henry Kaplan and Saul Rosenberg, that really inspired me at Stanford. And they both took me under their wing. I remember the last six months of medical school I spent full-time on radiation oncology. Actually, I worked up nearly 100 new patients with Hodgkin's, if you can imagine that. It's all because of the clinical trials going on there at Stanford. So there were all these new patients coming in. So both of them absolutely got me committed to a career in cancer way back in medical school, and then helped get me internships, residencies. It was Henry's letter to get me a position with Marshall Nirenberg. But both of them were instrumental. And they took a group of young people-- another person that was a year behind me was Ron Levy, obviously, a very prominent person in oncology. And there was a group of us at Stanford that they took under wing. And so as medical students, we were going to these clinical protocol conferences in cancer, which probably didn't exist anywhere else in the United States at that time. And it was just amazing to see the two of them work together-- totally different personalities, but extremely skilled clinically and in terms of clinical trials. So that was an exciting time. And so the decision for me was made way back there when. And as part of it, at Stanford Medical School, I was fortunate enough to do my research in the Department of Genetics. And the person that took me under his wing there was Leonard Herzenberg, who was the guy that invented the fax machine. Obviously, probably should have won the Nobel Prize for that. And so it was kind of genetics on the one side, and cancer on the other. So you can see how that kind of evolved going forward. What struck me at Mass General was that there were fantastic clinicians and everything. Obviously, a lot of cancer. But nobody wanted to take care of the cancer patients in Mass General. So an intern resident, I kind of volunteered for all of that. And then when I got to the NIH with Marshall, it was more genetics and everything. And we can talk about that. But I realized after five to seven years there I was either going to be a basic researcher, or get back to my clinical love. And that would have been cancer. So those were the ties that brought genetics and cancer together for me. So can I ask you, when you were in Boston, who was the chief of medicine at Mass General? Oh, gosh. [INAUDIBLE]. The real question I'm asking is, had Dr. Farber's work filtered across town to you guys? That was just about the same time he was starting to give chemotherapy to kids over at Children's. Right. No. Obviously, they knew about it. But it really wasn't discussed at all there. And there was obviously a separation between what was going on at Farber and the Brigham and then at Mass General. Now, obviously, things are much more integrated. So what made you go into lung cancer after you got to the NIH? I think it was Vince DeVita. But it happened because I actually-- so I'd been with Marshall and they had given me my own group to work with there that we mentioned. And I'd been working on somatic cell genetics. And so I went to Vince and I said, look it, I have to do an oncology fellowship so I can learn about this stuff now and get ready. Of course, this is-- the boards came in '75, which were later. And so he said, well, John, I'm not going to do that. But I tell you what. There's this branch of the VA hospital that [INAUDIBLE] [? Anson ?] and Frank [INAUDIBLE] and [INAUDIBLE] are running. And I'm trying to decide whether or not to shut it down. So I tell you what. Why don't you go down and run that? And then you'll kind of learn on the job. And, of course, being 35, 36 years old, you think you can do everything. And I said, well, who's the staff there? And he said, well, they're all leaving. And fortunately, one guy [AUDIO OUT]. So I said, well, who are the fellows coming out of the program that are the best fellows? He said, well, that's easy. It's Dan [INAUDIBLE], Paul Bunn, and Jack McDonald. And so I said, well, if I go talk to them, will you at least back me up? And so I did. And fortunately, two of the three agreed to come. I said, you're going from being a fellow to being a senior investigator here in one fell swoop. But this is it. Jack went with Phil [? Stein ?] and did all the work on GI. Phil was leaving the NCI to go down to Georgetown. So they did that. And fortunately, Marty Cohn was down at the VA. He is fantastic clinical trials [INAUDIBLE] and done work with lung cancer. And we did all of that. And so, we went down there. And so, I said, well, OK, got to work on lung cancer. And so we've got to then start working on the genetics of lung cancer. Of course, everybody said that was totally stupid and not possible. And fortunately, I had my collaborator who had been part of the oncogenic virus program, a pathologist, Dr. Adi Gazdar [INAUDIBLE]. So I said, Adi, come on down, and we can do that. So there was people that really gambled on me. Yeah. I wanted to talk about your association with Adi. Before I get to that though, what were you doing for lung cancer in the mid '70s? It must have been pretty crude. Well, we thought it was pretty sophisticated. And, in fact, what we-- obviously, there was the whole series of the first phase of small cell lung cancer clinical trials. There were first reports that occasionally patients respond, have these dramatic responses. And so we set up these whole series of trials. And, of course, at that time, nobody out in the private world wanted to take care. So these patients would come flooding in. And we would do all the staging, get their tissues, and then try to start cell lines from them that nobody had been able to that before. But then they all went on to randomized clinical trials. And Marty Cohn played a big role in that. Obviously, Dan [INAUDIBLE] and Paul Bunn were instrumental. Des Carney came on. And so, these were various combination therapies that [INAUDIBLE] essentially leukemia-like treatment. But Vince always thought the reason we weren't in small cell lung cancer was that we weren't tough enough. And I kept saying, Vince, we're getting-- we're putting them in isolation. We're treating them with more intensive regimens than with leukemia. And so odd responses, but not. And then the other important component of that was Eli Glatstein's recruitment to the NCI as head of the NCI radiation oncology branch. And he really was-- I mean, briefly had known each other at Stanford. And because we were both tied to Henry Kaplan, that made Eli and me instant friends. And basically, we were like brothers. And so he totally threw the support of the radiation oncology branch behind that. And then there were a series of trials with that. Allen Lichter, former president, obviously, and Joel Tepper, he [? added ?] parts to that. So that was fantastic. Anyone from-- So it must have been pretty exciting for you to see some of the first complete responses with chemotherapy in a solid tumor with a small cell. Absolutely. And that's what-- you know, at that time, and particularly then when we started putting this with limited stage, we were really hoping there was going to be a big tail on the survival curve with people who got put into complete remission being able to remain there. And obviously, the therapies would combine modality with chemo and radiotherapy were complex, too. And we were very fortunate to have the various skillful skill set from the radiation oncologists to work with that. And then in '81, by the way-- so we were at the VA from '75 to '81. And then from '81 to '91, it was the NCI-Navy Medical Oncology Branch, when Vince moved us all up to the new National Naval Medical Center. So you and Dr. Gazdar obviously have had a decades-long collaboration. And how did the two of you even hook up? Was it just because you were providing specimens to him in the pathology lab? Or-- No, no. It all actually started five or six years before. We were-- as part of the somatic cell genetics effort is-- I don't know if you remember, there was also a big effort in terms of isolating tumor viruses and the study of retroviruses. And it turned out that the genetics that I was doing with somatic cell genetics could be used to map receptors for retroviruses. And so he and I collaborated on studying the genetics of RNA viruses in human cells and assigning the various linkages to different chromosomes. And so when, again, as I said, when Vince offered me this battlefield promotion, I knew were going to need a laboratory thing. So I said, Adi, come on down. I said that we were going to have to-- we can't study viruses. We're going to need to study something else. And it's going to probably be lung cancer. And so he agreed. And obviously, he has trained as a pathologist, even better part. And he's now, obviously, one of the world's leading lung cancer pathologists. The other person that was at the VA whose name you may not know is Dr. Mary Matthews, who is a pathologist. And she did a lot of the first VA studies, actually determining that small cell lung cancer was highly metastatic, even when it appeared to be localized. So she was-- I've seen her work. Yeah. Actually, so you were there when viruses were going to be the cause of every cancer. Did you get a lot of pushback if you began to say, I don't think that's the case? Well, it's kind of what goes around comes around. We didn't-- no. As it turned out, it was oncogenes that are cause of cancer, which were discovered through Bishop and [INAUDIBLE] thing too. But you do know the other interesting connection with us and viruses and cancer is that we were obviously studying lung cancers and patients and that. But then, Paul Bunn was extremely still interested in lymphomas. But the way the politics, the Onco politics at the NCI intramural program went, that was already the domain of the medicine branch, Bob Young's branch-- Bruce [? Jander ?] and Dan Longo and Bob Young. But there was one lymphoma that they absolutely wanted to have nothing to deal with. And that was Sézary syndrome mycosis fungoides. So Paul said, OK, we're going to study mycosis fungoides. So both at the VA and at the Navy, we had just huge numbers of patients with [? MF ?] come in. And that involved a variety of studies with electron beam and various therapies and staging that Paul was a major figure in. Well, as part of that-- so we started cell lines, tried to start cell lines from those as well. Well, the other thing that was happening was Bob Gallo's discovery of IL-2, T-cell growth factor. And so we got some of that from him, and were able to study, to grow several of these. And it turned out, one of these was from a young patient with highly aggressive HTLV-1 disease. It was a young black guy from the South. He had one of the first-- you know, his bone scan was a super scan with [INAUDIBLE]. Now, we know. So we didn't do that. And it turned out that Bernie Poiesz was a fellow rotating with us. And he went back to work in Gallo's lab and took those cells. And, of course, Gallo was searching everywhere for oncogenic viruses and retroviruses. And the super [? agent ?] from this cell line, H102, blew the roof off. And it turned out to produce HTLV-1. And that was [INAUDIBLE]. Actually, Henry Kaplan submitted for us to PNAS that was with Bernie and Bob Gallo. And that was the first human retrovirus that was discovered. And then it turned out there were other patients that we had, obviously with T-cell lymphomas, that didn't produce virus. But it turned out that those were ones that the virus could replicate in. And that leads off into a whole separate story that you probably need to talk to Adi Gazdar about, because he started this line. And that's the whole Bob Gallo thing. But the point is that Bob knew that if you could get a T-cell line to grow, it could make the retrovirus, and you could identify it. And so, he kept trying to grow T-cells from patients, at that time young, gay guys from New York and San Francisco. Of course, nothing would grow because they were all being killed by HIV. But there were these T-cell lymphoma lines that had that property. So, in any event, this whole thing came back to viruses, that-- it's not my [INAUDIBLE] study. But it was Adi's and Bob Gallo's. You know, you've through this talked a lot about the basic science and the observations. And the term translational medicine really hadn't been invented yet. But you, and I would argue, Marc Lippman and Bill McGuire in breast cancer, were really some of the first to span the gap between [INAUDIBLE] in the clinic in solid tumors. My impression is leukemia and lymphoma had been going on, but it was the solid tumors where you made your big step. Were you thinking about that the whole time? How can I take this and take better care of Mr. Smith or Mr. Jones? Were people trying to stop you from doing that? Who was your role model to give you the courage to move forward? No. I think if you were present back at the NCI-VA and NCI-Navy, it was pretty clear-- and this didn't require any set of smarts-- that the whole idea to start these things was to have models that you could then test to see about new therapies in order to find out what were the underlying causes. And so you remember back there was the [? Amberg ?] and Dan Von Hoff assays for tumor cell sensitivities. So a lot of our first studies were looking at drug response and radiation response phenotypes. And one of the interesting first things was that the small cells, most of them were exquisitely-- they were like lymphocytes, sensitive to radiotherapies, which was what it was like in the clinic. So I think that there was probably kind of obvious some of the things to do. I think the obstacles were-- first of all, the major obstacle was everybody blamed the lung cancer patient for having lung cancer because they smoke. And I'm sure Franco and anybody working in the lung cancer field with Franco Muggia would tell you this. And we're finally over that, I think, and also with the never smoking lung cancer cases. So that was one big obstacle. I think having these models to work with was another. And then just having the genomic techniques to study them. I look at our first publications in Nature with Southern blots and a few samples. And now, you couldn't even-- this wouldn't even qualify as supplementary supplementary data. Actually, I don't know if you were at ASCO. Bruce Johnson's presidential address was an elegant description of the progress made in lung cancer. And he showed pie charts of 10 years ago. And the entire treatment was chemotherapy. And now it's broken up into all the different precision medicine and immunoncology. I've got to think if you were in the audience, and if you weren't, that's fair. But if you were sitting here thinking, boy, shake my head. We've made a lot of progress. Oh, [INAUDIBLE]. Well, I tell you, I get-- some of those slides I know Bruce was-- I was giving those to Bruce. So, you know, clearly, those were the types of obstacles. And everybody thought that-- first of all, everybody thought that lung cancer was not a genetic disease. And in retrospect now, it's obvious. But, you know, so I think there's that-- the technologies. So one brief anecdote about-- and you probably saw this, too, at the Farber. I'll never forget at the NCI-Navy, all of the senior staff rotated. And we had several months worth of attending in there. And we were taking care of patients with all kinds of tumors-- breast, lung, everything. And we had our own ward with 40 beds. And we saw about 70 patients elsewhere in the hospital. And we had 100 patients a day in clinic. So it was a huge service. So I go up, and I'm doing my first day of attending. And I introduce myself. And I'll tell you who my fellows were on that round. So one of them was Nancy Davidson. The other was [INAUDIBLE]. The other was Neal Rosen. And one was George Morstyn, who subsequently became a-- Australian guy became a VP at Amgen. And so they're presenting these cases and everything. And I go back, and I sit down with Paul and [INAUDIBLE] and Dan [INAUDIBLE]. And I say, Jesus. I said, I can't believe it. We have some really good fellows this time. At another time offline when it's not recorded, I'll tell you some of the presentation that Neal Rosen gave that time, which was vintage Neal. And I say this mainly because to our oncology fellows now, I say, look right, look left, and there's going to be some really interesting people that you're meeting right now. Just remember them several years down the line. You know? Nancy was no different in her presentation today than when she gave her presidential address. She had all the [AUDIO OUT] and everything. And so, that was great. Nancy and I are the same age, but she's been my role model for 25 years. [AUDIO OUT] The other thing-- Well, a couple of other questions-- you've been on the board of both the AACR and ASCO. And I'm interested in what you see as both the contrasts and the mutual initiatives going forward and how they've evolved. Do you have any insights into that? Well, I think Saul Rosenberg may have said something about this [INAUDIBLE] to you. He always, from early on, lamented that, quotes, "commercialization" of ASCO, as opposed to its academic thing. I think, number one, ASCO has done a fantastic job in terms of medical education at many different levels. So I think that's a major success. I think also what clearly is needed now is that we get more of the real world experience. So if patients are treated with checkpoint inhibitors with lung cancer, we don't need to know the results of 300, or 400 patients, or 500. We need to know what happens in 10,000 or 20,000 patients. And the only way we're going to get this is to have some kind of interaction with everything that's going on in the real world. And I think ASCO is positioned to do that. And so, I see that type of interaction being very important. Back when I was on the board, there was-- well, how many people from the private sector should be on the board? And we need to have them have a voice, and all of this. And there was kind of the-- then some people in the private sector trying to take control of ASCO for their own group practices. And we won't go into any names or anything here. But I think what's eventually come out is the possibility to really be the best for everything, both educational, translation of findings. So if there's real improvement in discoveries which have happened to be made, we obviously want to get them out as quickly as possible. Patients demand it. But then also, that we can work out some way to get feedback. Actually, this is one of the reasons-- you've hit on a couple of big initiativies over the last 10 years that I've been involved with. One is the development of CancerLinQ. And we hope that CancerLinQ will provide exactly the kind of data you just asked for. The other is the establishment of the Department of Clinical Affairs, and reaching out to the state-affiliated councils. Steve Grubbs is our Vice-President for that. And it's made a big difference. So that instead of being us versus them, academic versus private practice, it's us versus cancer all together. I'm glad you noticed that, actually. One final question, and this is a bit of a trite question. But I'm asking each of my guests on the show, what do you consider your legacy, your greatest accomplishment? In the end, what are people going to remember John Minna has done to change the face of oncology? Is it your science, or your mentoring? Or what's the one thing you would put your finger on? Well, I think Bob Young and I have an agreement about this. It's the mentoring and everything. And I think training the next generation, setting the example, is very important. I would say one other thing that's really important about ASCO that I see going forward is integrating surgery, radiotherapy, other disciplines, too. And I think it's been very successful. It wasn't necessarily all that way at first. But it's been really key. And getting a chance to know some of the giants in surgery and giants in radiation oncology, like Sam Hellman and Eli Glatstein. And I think Vince, in his book, in many ways saw that, too. The DeVita textbook with Hellman and Steve Rosenberg was an important example of that. So I think that's another important legacy from ASCO too. I agree. Well, actually, I think we've run out of time. Dr. Minna, I can't tell you how much I appreciate your taking the time to speak with us today. I'm sure the memberships can be thrilled to listen to the stories you've told. It's interesting, you've referred to several people I've actually already interviewed, or have planned to interview in the near future. You dropped a lot of names. And that's because-- and you sort of alluded to this. I'm not sure any of us recognize where we are in history at the time that history is being made. And then you look back and say, wow, I was there. And that you were fortunate to be at the NIH in those days. I was fortunate to be at the Dana-Farber in a few years after that. And you shed a lot of light. It's been terrific. Any final comments or parting words? Well, no. I think the one thing I would say is I was thinking back to those early ASCO meetings where there would be 5,000, 7,000, 8,000. So you couldn't even walk from one place to another, because you were always stopping and talking. And now you go to 15,000, 17,000 more. And I remember John Niederhuber and I, when he was director of the NCI, on the third day of ASCO walks through and he grabbed me, and he said, John, you're the first person I recognize. And I [INAUDIBLE]. We had roughly 40,000 people at the meeting this year. Yeah. I think that the question-- so going forward is how we need this family, but how do we get it so it could also be on the personal level? Anyway, Dan, it's been good talking to you. And we thank you for your service, Dan. Thank you. It's been great. For more original research, editorials, and review articles, please visit us online at JCO.org. This production is copyrighted to the American Society of Clinical Oncology. Thank you for listening. [MUSIC PLAYING]

Drew Perkins talks with Steve Grubbs of VictoryVR about their virtual science books as well as the current and future state of virtual reality in education.

Hosted by Dave Seastrom, Cari Ray, Pam Raider, Rick Fettig, Vera Grubbs and Jeff Foster. First aired Sunday, February 7, 2016 at 9 AM on WFHB ☆ In this episode of the Brown County Hour: Singer-songwriter Travers Marks delivers 3 original songs recorded live in the BCH studio, along with an interview. Patricia Krahnke discusses the BC Gay-Straight […]

Welcome to Session #24 of Making Business Happen Radio! I’m Dallon Christensen, your host and the founder and creative director of Whiteboard Business Partners. This is the podcast to help you design the business you want to become more profitable, productive, and prepared to grow. You can find show notes for this episode at www.whiteboardbusiness.com/mbhp024. […] Related posts: Pat Flynn and Smart Passive Income – MBHP022 (Podcast) How the Podcast Answer Man made his business happen – MBHP011 (Podcast) How to turn ideas into action with Steve Grubbs – MBHP020 (Podcast)

My guest on Session #20 is Steve Grubbs, founder and CEO of Victory Enterprises in Davenport, Iowa. Steve is a graduate of the University of Iowa’s law school and business school and has extensive business and political experience as both a candidate and an advisor to political campaigns. Steve started Victory Enterprises in 1993 and […] Related posts: At the Whiteboard – How can you scale your business? What is the biggest challenge facing your business? What comes first in your business planning? – MBHP017 (Podcast)