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Show host Gene Tunny discusses the ineffectiveness of the U.S. debt ceiling, citing its frequent increases and the political grandstanding it entails. He notes that since 1960, Congress has amended the debt limit 78 times. Tunny argues that the debt ceiling does not enforce fiscal discipline and highlights the need for better fiscal rules, such as the Swiss Debt Brake or the Taxpayer Bill of Rights. He also shares his experience with Australia's debt ceiling during the late 2000s financial crisis. Tunny concludes that Trump's criticism of the debt ceiling is justified.If you have any questions, comments, or suggestions for Gene, please email him at contact@economicsexplored.com.Timestamps for EP268US Debt Ceiling Overview (0:00)Historical Context and Modern Monetary Theory (4:09)Ineffectiveness of the Debt Ceiling (7:07)Australian Experience with the Debt Ceiling (13:00)Conclusion and Alternative Fiscal Rules (24:49)TakeawaysDebt Ceilings Are Ineffective: The US debt ceiling fails to control spending or debt accumulation, as it is consistently raised to avoid financial crises.Alternative Fiscal Rules: Spending caps or frameworks like Switzerland's debt brake are more effective at managing fiscal discipline than nominal debt ceilings.Political Grandstanding: The debt ceiling often serves as a stage for political drama rather than meaningful fiscal reform.Modern Monetary Theory Critique: Printing money to avoid debt constraints, as proposed by some MMT advocates, risks inflation and economic instability.Lessons from Australia: Australia abolished its debt ceiling a decade ago after recognizing its downsides, offering a model for US fiscal policy reform.Links relevant to the conversationUseful information on the US debt and deficit from the US Treasury:https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/financial-markets-financial-institutions-and-fiscal-service/debt-limit (discusses how many times the debt ceiling has been amended)https://fiscaldata.treasury.gov/americas-finance-guide/national-deficit/ (contains the spending, revenue, and deficit figures that Gene mentions)Lumo Coffee promotion10% of Lumo Coffee's Seriously Healthy Organic Coffee.Website: https://www.lumocoffee.com/10EXPLOREDPromo code: 10EXPLORED Full transcripts are available a few days after the episode is first published at www.economicsexplored.com.
This is episode 2 of the World 3 Hour Championship!
We're out here just revealing secrets..... Special thanks to our sponsors: Northwest Figure 8 - tinyurl.com/NorthwestFigure8 Peters Auto Service - http://tinyurl.com/18PetersAuto Polk Brothers Racing - https://tinyurl.com/PolkBrosRacing Kylie Anne Photography - http://tinyurl.com/KylieAnnePhotography Cozy Bear RV Repair - https://tinyurl.com/CozyBearRV White River Adventures - https://tinyurl.com/WhiteRivAdventure Julius Automotive - https://tinyurl.com/JuliusAutomotive Erica Dickey of Bennett Realty - https://tinyurl.com/ErickaDickeyAtBennett JP Creations for you - https://tinyurl.com/JPCreations4U
Great to have these two guys finally in studio! Special thanks to our sponsors: Northwest Figure 8 - tinyurl.com/NorthwestFigure8 Peters Auto Service - http://tinyurl.com/18PetersAuto Polk Brothers Racing - https://tinyurl.com/PolkBrosRacing Kylie Anne Photography - http://tinyurl.com/KylieAnnePhotography Cozy Bear RV Repair - https://tinyurl.com/CozyBearRV White River Adventures - https://tinyurl.com/WhiteRivAdventure Julius Automotive - https://tinyurl.com/JuliusAutomotive Erica Dickey of Bennett Realty - https://tinyurl.com/ErickaDickeyAtBennett JP Creations for you - https://tinyurl.com/JPCreations4U
This week Sammy is joined by Georgie Tunny (finally!) and Rob Millsy Mills plus a very special announcement on the podcast. Confessions Live, 23rd August: tickets Follow Georgie: here Follow Rob: here Follow Confessions: here Follow Sammy on instagram & threads: here patreon.com/confessionsthepodcastSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
Join the American Saltwater Guides Association and Cheeky Fishing for a rowdy celebration of the beloved Little Tunny, a.k.a false albacore. The 2024 Tunny Tournament will take place on September 21, 2024 on Cape Cod, MA. This one day tournament empowers anglers from shore and boat to chase down albies, participate in citizen science and win epic prizes from some of the best brands in the industry. All funds raised during the event will support The Albie Project, a dynamic campaign connecting passionate anglers, cutting-edge science and precautionary fisheries management. September 21, 2024. Lines in 6:00am. Lines out 3:00pm. Awards Ceremony 5:30pm. Awards Ceremony will take place at The West End, 20 Scudder Ave, Hyannis, MA 02601.
Special thanks to our sponsors: Northwest Figure 8 - tinyurl.com/NorthwestFigure8 Peters Auto Service - http://tinyurl.com/18PetersAuto Polk Brothers Racing - https://tinyurl.com/PolkBrosRacing Kylie Anne Photography - http://tinyurl.com/KylieAnnePhotography Cozy Bear RV Repair - https://tinyurl.com/CozyBearRV White River Adventures - https://tinyurl.com/WhiteRivAdventure Julius Automotive - https://tinyurl.com/JuliusAutomotive Erica Dickey of Bennett Realty - https://tinyurl.com/ErickaDickeyAtBennett
Mark is back. We discuss thoughts on the Rumble In The Rockies and the game plan for The Three Hour. Special thanks to our sponsors: Northwest Figure 8 - tinyurl.com/NorthwestFigure8 Peters Auto Service - http://tinyurl.com/18PetersAuto Polk Brothers Racing - https://tinyurl.com/PolkBrosRacing Kylie Anne Photography - http://tinyurl.com/KylieAnnePhotography Cozy Bear RV Repair - https://tinyurl.com/CozyBearRV White River Adventures - https://tinyurl.com/WhiteRivAdventure Julius Automotive - https://tinyurl.com/JuliusAutomotive Erica Dickey of Bennett Realty - https://tinyurl.com/ErickaDickeyAtBennett
Georgie Tunny had a rapid rise to success as a TV presenter. The Project host and podcaster is refreshingly candid about her confidence (reverse imposter syndrome!) and how she overcame career ageism, plus she shares the best life motto she's ever heard. WANT MORE FROM GEORGIE? You can find Georgie @georgie_tunny or catch her on Channel 10 or 10 Play's The Project here, see @theprojecttv or find the show on TikTok here. WANT MORE BODY + SOUL? Online: Head to bodyandsoul.com.au for your daily digital dose of health and wellness. On social: Via Instagram at @bodyandsoul_au or Facebook. Or, TikTok here. Got an idea for an episode? DM host Felicity Harley on Instagram @felicityharley. In print: Each Sunday, grab Body+Soul inside The Sunday Telegraph (NSW), the Sunday Herald Sun (Victoria), The Sunday Mail (Queensland), Sunday Mail (SA) and Sunday Tasmanian (Tasmania). See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
Love news and social media, but hate how the negativity can over-power your day? TV presenter and podcaster Georgie Tunny shares how she safeguards her wellbeing. WANT MORE FROM GEORGIE? To hear today's full interview, where she speaks candidly about owning her confidence...search for Extra Healthy-ish wherever you get your pods. You can find Georgie @georgie_tunny or catch her on Channel 10 or 10 Play's The Project here, see @theprojecttv or on TikTok here. WANT MORE BODY + SOUL? Online: Head to bodyandsoul.com.au for your daily digital dose of health and wellness. On social: Via Instagram at @bodyandsoul_au or Facebook. Or, TikTok here. Got an idea for an episode? DM host Felicity Harley on Instagram @felicityharley. In print: Each Sunday, grab Body+Soul inside The Sunday Telegraph (NSW), the Sunday Herald Sun (Victoria), The Sunday Mail (Queensland), Sunday Mail (SA) and Sunday Tasmanian (Tasmania). See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
Mike Giant in conversation with Dalek at Mike's studio in San Diego, California on June 21, 2024. Topics discussed include: Tyke, pickup basketball games, Hurley (2009-2015), Mark Parker, Roger Gastman, Black Dot, fashion world, Spacemonkey racing yacht, apartment mural, Cycle, dominatrix girlfriend, sex in SF in the 1990s, unintentional harm, painting freights at night in Chicago, closing out bars, interaction with Chicago PD, etiquette with cops, backing away from a sketchy girl, exhilaration of release, picking up Semz and Nekst from jail, referrals from fellow graffiti writers, writing to T-Dee, meeting Kaws (1995), car stolen in Queens, The Limelight club, Leeway, Sume, flow among creatives in NYC, Alphabet City, squatters, Sidewalk Cafe, Z Bar, East Side Inc, 111 Minna Gallery, Move shows by Rich Jacobs, Chouinard, location flexibility, disinterest in public school, DODDS, 16 years old in Japan (1984), 6'6” white hair, sexual standards, 1982 World Cup trip to Spain, teenage drinking and topless beaches in Europe, Iron Maiden “Number of the Beast” Tour, engaging with a new culture, Japanese cartoons, food mascots, Naval Academy in Maryland, family roots in Annapolis, new wave/punk, MTV, Oceans Two record store, confrontational attitude to punks, trip to Ocean City, meeting skaters, acting out, sleeping on floors, Espo arriving in a limo, lack of compassion/discussion from parents, parenting, honest conversation with children, self discovery through trials, processing childhood trauma as an adult, pressure of life clouding clarity of mind, Let It Go meditation to help sleep, medication, blood disorder, masking vs fixing, chaos bringers, Old Souls, difference in how sons first responded, Shannon's past lives, realizations on road trips, people watching, investigating emotions, discovering new places, memory recollection, casing neighborhoods before writing graffiti, mind mapping, Web3, global anonymous community, Tunny and Joe, importance of meeting in-person, Art Basel, Buffmonster, Bobby Tribal, Nate Lyons and Kris Markovich, Jay Strickland, Duffs team manager, Shepard Fairey, mailing canvases to artist friends, making connections, pulling off life as an artist, the blessing of support and the impact of murals.
Last time we spoke about Operation Thursday and the ferocious counteroffensive on Bougainville. The Chindits embarked on their second great raid, this time better equipped, better trained and more numerous than ever. With a literal armada of beasts of burden they marched through Burma, forded the Chindwin and began attacking and establishing strongholds. This was all done in coordination with Slim and Stilwell's forces, trying to break the Japanese and gradually seize back lost territory. Wingate had his work cut out for him as the Chindits were providing real results, yet unfortunately he would not have long to see them. Wingate was killed in a B-25 crash and it felt like the personality of the Chindits left with him. Over on Bougainville the Japanese tossed as much as they could to try and break through the Americans perimeter to hit the airfield, but it was all for naught. This episode is the Bombing of Hollandia and Palau Welcome to the Pacific War Podcast Week by Week, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about world war two? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on world war two and much more so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel you can find a few videos all the way from the Opium Wars of the 1800's until the end of the Pacific War in 1945. Operation Brewer saw General MacArthur tossing cavalrymen against the eastern side of Los Negros. General Swift's 1st Cavalry Division successfully landed on Los Negros and managed to secure Seedler Harbor quickly. After this, General Chase's 1st Brigade was given the task of mopping up the island. By march 11th daily patrols had determined that the entire area from the Mokerang Peninsula to Southeast Point and as far west as Porlaka was generally free of the enemy. The 1st Squadron, 5th Cavalry pushed its perimeter at Momote west and south to the water barriers of Lemondrol Creek and Ihon Lagoon. The 12th Cavalry beachhead at Salami continuously patrolled into the interior and encountered so few Japanese that it was clear the enemy lacked sufficient numbers to harass the troops on the peninsula. West of Lemondrol Creek was a completely different story. While the troops holding the beachheads from Lombrum to Papitalai waited for supply channels to be established, they probed to locate the center of enemy resistance. The 12th Cavalry was responsible for the beachheads at Papitalai Mission and Lombrum. The 2nd Squadron had captured Papitalai Mission and on the 11th the 1st Squadron took over Lombrum Point, relieving the 7th Cavalry so they could attack Manus Island. The 5th Cavalry held the Papitalai perimeter with Troop F. When that regiment extended its control over the area east of Lemondrol and Porharmenemen Creeks on the 11th, the 2nd Squadron moved into the Porlaka area while the 1st Squadron on the left flank was concentrated near Southeast Point. It was planned that the 12th Cavalry would do most of its fighting in the northern sector moving inland from the coastal positions to cut oil the Japanese hammered at by the 5th Cavalry as it pushed west on both sides of Lemondrol Creek. Since the 8th, every Troop F patrol from Papitalai had run into enemy resistance in the hilly country to the west. Although small patrols of squad size or slightly larger were held up day after day by resistance about 800 yards west of Papitalai, these first encounters did not reveal the full strength of the enemy pocket. When an attack by a platoon of Troop E, reinforced by two tanks, two bazookas, and flamethrowers, was repulsed on the 11th, the strength of the enemy strongpoint became clearer. The enemy was well dug in along the ridge, marked by a series of knobs, running west from Papitalai. The highest point, Hill 260, about 2,500 yards from Papitalai, not to be mistaken for Hill 260 on Bougainville by the way, this was probably the center of the enemies defense. However, on two knobs east of 260, well-defended outposts prevented any movement farther into the interior. The position 800 yards from Papitalai which had repulsed Troop E was defended by a platoon with knee mortars and at least 3 machine guns. The total enemy strength facing the 5th Cavalry was estimated at 150 to 200 Japanese. Now that was the ongoings of Los Negros, but Brigadier General Verne Mudge's 2nd Brigade was now preparing to invade Manus island. American intelligence was unsure of the disposition of the enemy on Manus. A rough estimate was that 2700 Japanese were concentrated there and would most likely make a stand at Lorengau. The Americans expected the Japanese would put up a last losing fight. But because of the lack of knowledge of their numbers and disposition on the largest island of the Admiralties, this would require careful planning for the invasion. Fighting into the interior where the mountain range would provide defensive positions and through the swampy forests covering the rest of the island would not be easy. There were only 4 roads winding about the island and converging at Lorengau would be suitable for moving vehicles, and long stretches of these red-clay roads would be impassable in rainy weather. Surrounding jungle and swamps would confine any large-scale movement to the roads. Therefore, the plan was to pin the enemy to the coast where it was hoped he had concentrated his main strength. Mudge planned to land Troops A and C of the 8th cavalry regiment at the Yellow beaches of Lugos Mission. When the 8th Cavalry had secured a beachhead, including the Lugos Mission itself, each squadron would advance east, the 1st Squadron along the coast using the Number Three Road, and the 2nd along an inland road known as the Number One Road, to execute a wide sweep toward Lorengau. If a sizeable garrison was concentrated at fortified Lorengau, the inland arm of this attack would prevent the enemy from escaping along the only road leading west to the mountain areas. Prior to the assault, 3 patrols had been sent to Bear Point on Manus and on the islands of Butjo Luo and Hauwei. Mudge planned to deploy artillery at these places to aid in his assault. Bear Point was found to have no enemy, but unfortunately it was not a suitable place for artillery placement. The northern island of Butjo Luo was an excellent site for artillery and was found to be unoccupied. Hauwei would turn out to be another story. The American patrol moved out from Salami on an LCV and a PT boat, landing without opposition on the western end of the island. Major Carter S. Vaden of the 99th Field Artillery Battalion, threw two grenades into a well camouflaged bunker about 10 yards from the beach and the party progressed inland. Immediately after the grenade explosions, a mortar shell landed on the beach in the rear of the party. From three sides, machine-gun, rifle, and mortar fire opened up. Fortunately, the grenades had evidently sprung a planned ambush prematurely and the party was not cut off from the rear. Using their submachine guns, the men of the patrol were able to hold back the enemy. They were aided by some supporting fire from the PT Boat and the .30-caliber machine gun of the LCV. After 2 and a half hours they managed to withdraw to the water's edge. The PT boat had returned to its tender after the commanding officer was wounded, and the coxswain of the LCV shouted and motioned for the cavalrymen to get on board, but only five of them reached the boat, as the others were engaged with the enemy on shore. The LCV had troubles of its own; enemy mortar and machine-gun fire found its range and wounded all on board except two. Then the LCV grounded on submerged coral and sank 200 yards offshore after receiving a direct hit from a mortar. The wounded men, put into lifejackets, floated about in the water. When the remaining members of the patrol on shore were wading out toward the LCV, 6 Japanese attempted to set up a machine gun on the beach. The men cut them down with their submachine guns. Still under fire, the cavalrymen swam out to the survivors of the LCV, making a group of 18 men out in the water. Failing to attract the notice of the destroyers nearby, the tired men had to stay in the water for 3 hours until a PT boat picked them up. At the same time a destroyer closed in to the island to draw hostile fire and bombard enemy positions on the western end. Hauwei was going to need extra help to be secured. The 2nd Squadron, 7th cavalry departed from Lombrum Point on the 11th and landed on Butjo Luo. The next day, Destroyer gunfire and rockets as well as 105-mm concentrations from the 61st Field Artillery Battalion at Mokerang point battered Hauwei. Then Kittyhawks of the 77th Pursuit Squadron at Momote airfield bombed and strafed the Hauwei. After all of this, the 2nd Squadron landed on Hauwei meeting slight resistance at the beach. They advanced 300 yards further inland where they became pinned down by heavy rifle, machine gun and mortar fire. The Japanese were firing upon them from some bunkers, prompting the 2nd Squadron to dig in and allow the artillery teams to hit them throughout the night. During the night the 61st Field Artillery Battalion from the north end of Mokerang Plantation fired 1,000 rounds to harass the enemy. This fire was directed so accurately and carefully that it was brought down on the enemy within 100 yards of the cavalrymen's positions without any casualties to our troops, and helped minimize enemy activity during the night. At 10am on the 13th, with the support of a medium tank, the cavalrymen stormed the bunkers along the edges of the island. The Japanese put up a valiant fight, but they lacked anti-tank weaponry. By 12pm, the 2nd Squadron successfully mopped up the enemy, suffering 8 deaths and 46 wounded. They estimated they had killed 43 Japanese who were all naval personnel. Having secured the two islands, now one artillery battalion set up at Butjo Luo and two others upon Hauwei. The next day at 7:00am the 3 artillery battalions opened fire upon the Lorengau Township area. This target was chosen to divert the enemy's attention from the landing beaches around Lugos Mission. Meanwhile 4 destroyers bombarded Lorengau with their 5-inch guns. Then 18 B-25's from Nadzab bombed and strafed the Lugos Mission and the beach areas until H - 5 minutes. Between 9:07 and 9:25, they dropped 81 500-pound bombs, strafed with more than 44,000 rounds of machine-gun fire, and cleared the target just as the troops were coming ashore. The 8th cavalry departed Salami, heading for the Yellow Beaches covered by 3 rocket boats. The wave of buffaloes drew up to the beaches, and it appeared that they were going to make it without opposition until an enemy machine gun opened up from east of the landing beaches. Immediately the buffaloes responded with their own machine-gun fire, and two PT boats closed in to support. With 100 rounds from a flak boat added to this fire the machine gun was silenced. Two waves of landing craft followed the buffaloes to the shore in rapid succession and the narrow beaches, backed either by jungle or a high bluff, were soon congested with assault troops. On the eastern beach, Troop A began a vigorous drive toward Lugos Mission and the Number Three Road leading to the Lorengau airdrome. Captain Raymond J. Jennings, led the troops to storm the bluff where Lugos Mission was located and overran the mission before the few Japanese who had survived the bombardment could put up effective opposition. The men worked their way into the mission compound and cleared out the area with grenades. Troop A was soon on its way along Number Three Road leaving behind it, some 20 dead SNLF, without the loss of a single cavalryman. Meanwhile Troop C advanced west 800 yards to a ridge where they stopped and dug in, having accomplished their mission of establishing a defensive perimeter to protect the landing of successive elements. Other waves of the 1st and 2nd Squadrons began landing ashore as the 7th cavalry took up the beachhead. The 2nd squadron advanced over some ridges towards the Number One Road, while Troop A reduced enemy bunkers progressing roughly a mile from the beach. By 11:20am, they came across 3 mutually-supporting bunkers that halted their advance. It took Troop B's support alongside artillery and aerial bombardment to destroy the bunkers to they could advance. Meanwhile the 1st Squadron emerged out of the jungle into a clearing at 5pm, where they occupied a ridge overlooking the southern edge of the airdrome, where they would dig in. The 2nd Squadron reached Number One Road, where they ran into 3 bunkers. The following morning with tank support the squadron overran the bunkers and advanced northeast towards Lorengau. The cavalrymen would destroy 7 bunkers during their trek, before halting 100 yards before Lorengau. To the north, Troop A was clearing a coconut grove north of the airstrip, from which Japanese snipers were harassing them throughout the night. Troop C advanced along the southern edge near the airstip where they came across another pack of bunkers. Since the snipers north of the strip had been cleared out by noon, an attack could be made in the open. Troop B, supported by light tanks on their left advanced down the strip, followed by Troop D and the squadron HQ. Troop A advanced across the strip and then east along the north edge. By 1:00pm Troop C managed to destroy two bunkers using grenades, forcing the Japanese inhabitants to flee out into the open where they were cut down. Troop C then was about to dash across the airstrip when they suddenly became pinned down by friendly fire from Troop B who were trying to disengage the enemy before them. The 1st squadron suffered 9 deaths and 19 wounded during the action. Mudge then ordered them to relieve Troop C, who were holding some high ground south of the airstrip. On the morning of the 17th after extensive naval and artillery bombardment, Mudge launched a coordinated attack with the 2nd Squadron advancing south of the airstrip and the 1st Squadron assaulting the bunkers that had held up the 8th cavalry's advance. The bombardments had nearly annihilated the bunkers, allowing the 1st squadron to face only slight resistance. They soon attacked a secondary Japanese position further east upon a ridge. This position was also met with artillery and mortar fire and would fall by 11:30am. After this the cavalrymen were able to obliterate the remaining pillboxes and advance across the pulverized airstrip. Meanwhile the 2nd Squadron of the 7th and 8th cavalry regiments linked up along the Number One Road near Lorengau. The 8th Cavalry had encountered little resistance on the road, destroying whatever bunkers were encountered with the aid of fire from medium tanks. The light tank accompanying the squadron had a track blown off by the first Japanese anti tank mine encountered in the operation. By 1pm, all the front-line troops around the airstrip to Number one Road linked up forming a general advance. By this point the backbone of the enemies resistance had been broken, leaving little to resistance them. For the next 1,500 yards to the river, it took them 2 hours because the Japanese had hurriedly put in large quantities of anti-tank and anti-personnel mines. They had been emplaced, however, with no prepared plan, and many were poorly camouflaged or left lying completely on the surface. The Japanese had also dug holes and refilled them without emplacing any mines. As the cavalrymen slowly made their way to the river, they suffered a few casualties from the mines. The 7th cavalry reached the Lorengau River by 3pm, from there they dispatched a reconnaissance platoon who quickly came under fire from bunkers atop some hills overlooking Lorengau. Lorengau was sheltered in a valley surrounded by jungle-covered hills rising to 400 feet. The Japanese believed an attack would come from the sea, thus many of their defenses were sited to cover the shoreline. The offshore approaches and the three roads entering the settlement from the east, south, and north were also covered by defensive positions. From the position held by the 2nd Brigade, the only approach to the town was over a sandbar at the mouth of the Lorengau River, a slow-moving stream 20 yards wide and 10 to 20 feet deep, except at the sandbar. The beach area, which the troops would then have to cross, was heavily protected. Naval demolition mines, containing 20 pounds of black powder and detonated by a master switch located in a control bunker up the hillside, covered the beach. About 100 yards inland from the beach a series of rifle pits and gun emplacements were constructed on the side of a dike which paralleled the shore. On the hills surrounding the harbor, beach, and town about a dozen heavy bunkers were used to reinforce the fires of beach defenses and to add depth to the position. As usual these bunkers were carefully camouflaged, although the concentration of naval and artillery fire as well as repeated bombings had disclosed the location of several. Mudge ordered the men to dig in for the night on the west bank of the river and establish a perimeter defense against some expected counterattacks that would not develop in the end. The next morning, after a mortar and artillery bombardment, the 2nd Squadron, 8th Cavalry advanced down from its ridge positions to the mouth of the broad river, with its Reconnaissance Platoon leading. Upon fording the river, the cavalrymen only faced a handful of machine-guns. Facing almost no opposition, the squadron was thus able to secure Lorengau, counting 87 dead Japanese in the remains of the town. Colonel Ezaki seemed to have disappeared during the battle over Papitalai leaving his men leaderless. The Japanese naval troops in desperation began retreating towards Rossum, with American patrols hot on their trail. There would be a furious fight down the Rossum Road. 1st Lt. James M. Concannon captured an enemy map of the area during his patrol to which he exclaimed, "Well, here goes Concannon to get himself a Purple Heart!" Lt. Concannon's platoon had been ordered to go along Number Two Road which went to Rossum and from there to Kelaua Harbor, through the heart of the Japanese defenses indicated on the captured map. Hardly had the platoon crossed the outpost line still held by Troop E along Number Two Road when it came under fire from a pair of bunkers sited to cover the track. Lieutenant Concannon and one of his men were wounded. The platoon sergeant assumed command and attempted to flank the position. When the attempt was not successful, the sergeant decided to withdraw and report, as his mission was one of reconnaissance. Upon receiving the information that the enemy was in position not 200 yards from the outpost line, Colonel Bradley directed Major Shore to send Troop A back up the track to neutralize the enemy position. The troop was reinforced with machine guns and two 37-mm antitank guns. Troop A of the 8th cavalry were ordered to deal with the newly discovered enemy bunkers. Corporal Peter J. Armstrong and Armando V. Valencia set their heavy machine-gun in position at a range of 30 yards from one of the bunkers. Having disclosed his position by laying a continuous burst of fire on the bunker, Corporal Armstrong was wounded by sniper fire. Armstrong continued firing until a grenade knocked him unconscious. Although the gun had been hit in several places and was leaking a steady stream from its water jacket, Corporal Valencia took over and continued firing at the bunker slits until the machine-gun froze; then he fired with his submachine-gun until it was knocked out of his hands by an enemy bullet. In the meantime the mortars had obtained four direct hits on the bunkers, and the anti-tank guns had made two. Corporals Armstrong and Valencia were later awarded the Distinguished Service Cross, and for its action during the day Troop A was given a unit citation. After taking out the stubborn position, Troop A advanced along the road under heavy sniper fire, until they were relieved by Troop C. Troop C immediately was met with a heavy Japanese counterattack shortly after nightfall. The counterattack was launched by 8 Japanese using rifle grenades and small arms. Considering the size of the attacking force, the casualties of the troop were heavy: 2 killed and 10 wounded. All the Japanese were killed, largely due to a quick adjustment by the forward observer of the 61st Field Artillery Battalion followed by four volleys fired for effect. By this point the Americans had achieved all their objectives for the Admiralty Islands campaign, the only thing left to do was mop up the islands. The remaining IJA troops were now withdrawing across the Loniu Passage over to Manus. The 8th cavalry were soon given the task of clearing the eastern end of Manus, while the 7th cavalry would clear out the Rossum Road. Yet that is all for this campaign as we are now heading over to New Guinea. General MacArthur was planning his new Western New Guinea offensive. After the directives given on March 12th, Admiral Nimitz had been instructed to provide support for his Hollandia operation. The Japanese began their occupation of Hollandia early in April of 1942 but paid little attention to the region for a year. Then Allied air reconnaissance disclosed that the enemy was constructing airfields on the Lake Sentani Plain. This development progressed slowly until late 1943, by which time successive reverses in the air and on the ground in eastern New Guinea and the Bismarck Archipelago, together with increasing shipping losses in the same region, began to demonstrate to the Japanese the vulnerability of their air and supply bases east of Hollandia. In late 1943 and early 1944, the Japanese built 3 airfields on the Lake Sentani Plain and started a fourth at Tami, on the seacoast east of Humboldt Bay. In addition, because of shipping losses east of Hollandia, the Japanese began to develop Humboldt Bay into a major supply base and transshipment point. Large ships would unload at Hollandia, whence cargo would be carried by barge to points southeast along the coast of New Guinea as far as Wewak over 215 miles away. Much of the cargo of the large ships remained at Hollandia to build up the base there. Admiral Nimitz decided to dispatch two fast carrier groups of Admiral Mitscher's Task Force 58 to conduct fighter sweeps against Hollandia and the Wakde-Sarmi area in order to keep their airfields neutralized. MacArthur south for the carries to support the troops for 8 days after the landings. But Nimitz believed this would put the carriers in risk, because the Japanese would be able to launch aircraft from all over the Dutch East Indies or even the Philippines. It was decided Task Force 58 would remain in the Hollandia region for only 3 days after the landings were made. As a result MacArthur opted to supplement using land-based aircraft against Hollandia. To obtain this he would need to capture an airfield in Northern New Guinea, just east of the main objective. He chose an Aitape, it was a lightly guarded area and already partially developed by the Japanese, such as the incomplete airfields around the Tadji Plantation. Once the men landed ashore at Aitape, allied forces could provide flank protection for Haollandia against any westward actions by the Japanese 18th Army. For the assault against Aitape, MacArthur planned to use the 8 escort carriers of Task Force 78 under the command of Rear Admiral Ralph E. Daviso. Now for the amphibious assault, Admiral Kinkaid gave the job to Admiral Barbey's task force 77 who were divided into 3 attack groups. They would bring over General Eichelberger's 1st corp who would perform the Hollandia operation, codenamed Operation Reckless. I think it is a pretty suitable name for a MacArthur operation. For the Hollandia part of the operation, the 19th and 21st regiments of Major General Frederick Irving's 24th division would land at Tanahmerah Bay; the 162nd and 186th regiments of General Fuller's 41st division would land at Humboldt Bay. For the operation against Aitape, codenamed Persecution, the 163rd regiment of the 41st division led by General Doe would perform the initial landings. To soften up the enemy, General Kenny's air forces began bombing Wewak and Hansa in mid March, then in early April they began neutralizing the airfields to try and deceive General Adachi into believing they were the next allied target. Additionally, MacArthur asked Admiral Spruance to perform a carrier raid against the Palau Islands, codenamed Operation Desecrate One, followed by strikes on Yap and Woleai in the eastern Carolines, in order to prevent the Japanese from reinforcing Western New Guinea. Admiral Mitscher's carriers departed Majuro on the 22nd of March and made their way around the Carolines, trying to sneak past Truk undetected. Despite their best efforts, Japanese search planes from Truk managed to spot them on their 3rd day at sea. This prompted Admiral Spruance to advance the day of the raid from April 1st to March 30th. Meanwhile after sighting the allied naval forces, Admiral Koga ordered an evacuation of Palau, seeing a large number of warships and merchant shipping flee the area for Tawi-Tawi. The US submarines Gar, Blackfish, Tang and Archerfish were stationed to operate against the withdrawing ships and as plane guards. On the 23rd, Tunny sank the Japanese submarine I-42 and damaged the 14,850-ton tanker Iro. To the north of Palau, during an attack on the 26th, Tullibee was hit and sunk by her own circling torpedo. Bashaw torpedoed a 4,317-ton freighter escorted by the destroyers Minazuki and Yuzuki. On the 29th, the super battleship Musashi departed Palau under cover of darkness to avoid an expected air raid, and encountered Tunny, which fired six torpedoes at the battleship; five of them missed, but the sixth blew a hole 5.8 meters in diameter near the bow, flooding her with 3000 tonnes of water. The torpedo hit killed 7 crewmen and wounded another 11. After temporary repairs, Musashi sailed for Japan later that night and arrived at Kure Naval Arsenal on April 3. On the 30th, Task Force 58 reached its assembly point 90 miles south of the Palau Islands. The Task Force was met with a Japanese air strike consisting of mostly Betty's and Oscars who were easily swept aside. Then fast carriers Enterprise, Bunker Hill, Hornet, Yorktown and Lexington launched their first air strikes against Palaus. For the next day and a half, the Americans flew hundreds of sorties over these islands, striking the airfields and shooting down all planes they could find. The attacks saw 40 Japanese ships at Palau and Angaur sunk, another 4 were badly damaged. 93 aerial victories would be won over Palau and Avengers from Lexington, Bunker Hill and Hornet laid extensive mines around the channels and approaches to Palau. This was the first tactical aerial mining of the Pacific War performed by carrier aircraft. In response, Admiral Koga asked for help from neighboring islands. He received 9 B6N torpedo bombers from Yap who attempted a night attack against Task Force 58 on the 31st. Unfortunately for the Japanese, 4 Hellcats from Cabot managed to intercept them, successfully shooting all of them down. Koga certainly had a lot on his plate. Due to the recent attacks against Truk and now Palau, Koga decided to transfer his HQ from the Musashi to Davao on March 31st. Most of his senior staff and cryptographers boarded 3 H8K flying boats enroute to Mindanao from Palau. All 3 of the flying boats ran straight into a typhoon just off of Cebu, two of them got lost. These flying boats were carrying Admiral Koga and Vice Admiral Fukudome Shigeru, his chief of staff. Koga's plan would end up crashing enroute to Davao, killing all aboard. Thus another commander in chief of the IJN forces had met his end to a plane crash. The other plane carrying Fukudome crashed off the coast of Cebu. Fukudome had a harrowing experience, but escaped the aircraft and began swimming to the island. To make matters even worse, while swimming Fukudome was grabbed by Filipino guerillas who brought him over to Lt Colonel James Cushing. Cushing was a former engineer in the Philippines who helped organize a resistance movement. Now captured Fukudome was certainly a large prize, yet a even bigger one came on April 3rd. A Filipino shopkeeper named Pedro Gantuangoko spotted a box floating offshore on the 3rd and picked it up in his fishing boat. The box contained a red leather briefcase carrying the Z plan. Fukudome had assumed the box sank with the aircraft, but in a twist of fate it did not. Now while this was going on, Lt Colonel Seiiti Ohnisi had dispatched troops to search for survivors of the aircraft crash and for the box containing the Z plan. Ohnisi hundreds of Filipino villagers interrogated, tortured and killed, entire Filipino villages were burnt to the ground. Eventually Ohnisi cornered Cushing and they struck a deal. On April 10th, with Japanese forces on Cebu hot on the heels of the guerillas, the American commander, Lt-Colonel Cushing, arranged to return Fukudome and the other prisoners to the Japanese in return for a cessation of the massacre of Filipino civilians. Three days later, the Filipinos who had found the box containing Plan Z and the code book when it washed ashore, turned them over to Cushing. The codebook was recognized for what it was when the guerillas discovered the Japanese were offering a 50000 peso reward for its return. On April 27, Cushing arranged for the items to be picked up by the submarine Crevalle. Traveling mostly on the surface for speed, and diving only when needed, the submarine survived depth charging twice, finally arriving at Darwin on May 19. From there, the documents were flown to Brisbane later that day. Allied codebreakers looked forward with anticipation to the arrival of the codebook, since they had been stymied by changes to the IJN code since the summer of 1942 and had not “read the enemy's mail” in any detail since the week before the Battle of Midway. The documents outlined the new strategy for the defense of the inner perimeter islands around Japan with the intention of drawing the US fleet in for a decisive showdown. The documents were sent to Admiral Nimitz and would prove extremely valuable during the Battle of the Philippines Sea. The documents were so vital, the Americans performed a covert operation sending them back to the Philippines by submarine and placed near the wreckage of the flying boat by American divers. It was one of the greatest intelligence coups of WW2. Thus Admiral Koga was dead, the Z plan fell into allied hands and the IJN was now leaderless. Koga's death would not be announced until May and he was replaced by Admiral Toyoda Soemu. Koga was promoted to Marshal Admiral posthumously and granted a state funeral. According to pilot Nagatsuka Ryuji: “The death of Admiral Koga, successor to Admiral Yamamoto, had been another shock for the Japanese nation. These distressing circumstances had forced the naval and military Chiefs of Staff to resign. They had been replaced by General Tojo and Admiral Shimada.” Now back to the invasion, on April 1st Rear-Admiral John Reeves' carriers launched airstrikes against Yap and Ulithi, with the three task groups then attacking Woleai. 25 American aircraft were lost, with 26 out of 44 aircrews rescued thanks to submarine Harder. Meanwhile, the fleet's Hellcats win 111 aerial victories and destroy 46 grounded aircraft on the three atolls. With this, Task Force 58 successfully removed Palau as a threat to the Hollandia-Aitape operation. Alongside this South and Southwest Pacific land-based aircraft from bases in eastern New Guinea and the Admiralties, bombed islands in the eastern Carolines and undertook many long reconnaissance missions. Meanwhile Kenney's air forces were busy neutralizing enemy air bases in Western New Guinea and the eastern islands of the Dutch East Indies. Most of the strategic support missions flown to western New Guinea were undertaken by US 5th Air Force while the Royal Australian Air Forces Command took responsibility for the majority of the strikes against the islands in the eastern Dutch East Indies. The operations were intensified roughly 6 weeks before the landings at Hollandia and Aitape. On March 30th, Kenney shifted the weight of his attacks from the Wewak area to Hollandia, where the Japanese 6th Air Division had recently retreated from Wewak and received strong reinforcements. The airforces also performed a full aerial reconnaissance taking photos of Hollandia's 3 airdromes on March. Added to this were radio intercepts and intelligence ereports, allowing the allies to estimate the Japanese had around 351 aircraft there. With this information at hand, Kenney launched Liberators armed with small 20 pound fragmentation bombs to perform a concentrated bombing against the enemy airfield. Since the Allies hoped to rehabilitate the Hollandia strips as quickly as possible, hits on the runways with heavy ordnance would be avoided. Fighter cover would be provided by long-range P-38's, which would escort the bombers over the target, and by shorter-range P-47's, which would meet the bombers near Aitape, beat off pursuing fighters, and shepherd them home. Medium and light bombers would continue attacks on the airfields at Wewak to prevent their use by Japanese fighters. The Liberators with their P-38 and P-47 escorts would smash the anti-aircraft defenses while the medium and light bombers would drench the area with bombs. On March 30th, 7 B-24's hit Hollandia dispersals as 75 Liberators of the 43rd bombardment group and 59 P-38s of the 80th, 431st and 432nd Fighter Squadrons swept over Hollandia's airstrips and dropped nearly 6000 bombs. To make matters worse for the Japanese, they suffered from insufficient radar warning, many of their aircraft would be on the ground refueling after some morning patrols. The 5th Air Force found countless enemy aircraft parked wing tip to wing tip along the runways, a lethargic anti-aircraft reaction. 25 or more fighters made "eager" passes against the 65th Bombardment Squadron, whose gunners claimed two destroyed. The 80th Fighter Squadron engaged a reported 35 to 40 hostile fighters, destroying 7 of them. The 431st Fighter Squadron claimed one Tony damaged, but the 432d encountered no enemy fighters. Japanese interception seemed badly disorganized. The planes milled about with little evident formation, and most of the pilots appeared to have little desire for a fight. Over 100 aircraft were destroyed as the Japanese were caught completely unprepared. Japanese prisoners-of-war and captured documents later revealed that the reason the bombing operation was so successful was because the Japanese high command erroneously transported too many airplanes to Hollandia from the Philippines and the Dutch East Indies but did not transport more pilots and maintenance crews with the airplanes. There was no way for them to build appropriate defensive shelters to protect all 400 aircraft and also there were not enough trained pilots who could fly all of those airplanes at the same time so many perfectly operational aircraft were left sitting there with no aircrew to maintain them. The morale at Hollandia airbase was very low during the bombing operation, with many Japanese soldiers and airmen hiding in bunkers instead of manning anti-aircraft artillery and getting airplanes into the air. Most of these Hollandia soldiers and airmen were rear-echelon and not combat-oriented at all because most of the combat-trained divisions from the 18th Army were recently sent further east towards Wewak in anticipation of amphibious landings that would never come thanks to the deception and feints carried out by General Kenney. The P-38s then withdrew to Nadzab as soon as the bombers cleared their targets; and the P-47s, meeting the Liberators near Aitape, convoyed them home without incident. So successful was this first raid that one squadron reported that “Hollandia had really been Wewaked”. The next day, Kenney launched a nearly identical mission, with 7 Liberators and 52 P-38s bombing the dispersal at Hollandia, Cyclops and Sentani airdromes. 153 tons of 100 pound demos, frags and incendiary bombs were dropped. The Japanese anti-aircraft fire was more accurate this time around and 56 Japanese fighters gave the allies a fight. However the pilots were inexperienced and unaggressive. The Americans estimated 14 aircraft were shot down while they suffered the loss of one P-38. After the air strike, the total number of destroyed aircraft on the ground reached 199. At this point the Japanese scrambled to withdraw their remaining serviceable aircraft out of Hollandia. On April 3, Kenney sent his heaviest air attack to date. 66 B-24s escorted by 21 P-38s dropped 492 1000-pound bombs on anti-aircraft defenses. An estimated 30 Japanese Tonys and Oscars attempted without success to break up the bomb runs, and B-24 gunners claimed 2 fighters destroyed, while the 21 escorting P-38's of the 80th Squadron claimed downing ten. Then, 96 A-20s escorted by 17 P-38s strafed and dropped 100-pound para-demolition bombs over grounded aircraft, stores, and other targets of opportunity. The 432nd Squadron, covering the A-20's with 17 P-38's, encountered about 20 Japanese fighters and claimed 12 definitely destroyed, against the loss of one P-38. Finally, 76 B-25s escorted by 36 P-38s swept the strips at noon, scattering parafrags and parademos and strafing everything in sight. Only 3 Japanese fighters were encountered in this last attack, which were all shot down. After the end of the raid, Hollandia was so badly mauled that it could no longer be considered a major air installation. A Japanese seaman after hearing of the Allied mission of April 3rd against Hollandia, although seemingly confused as to imperial folklore, correctly assessed the Allied victory: "Yesterday, the anniversary of the birthday of Emperor Meiji, we received from the enemy, greetings, which amount to the annihilation of our Army Air Force in New Guinea." After April 3rd, the 5th Air Force virtually owned the air over Hollandia. I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. The Admiralty Islands campaign was coming to a swift close, seeing MacArthur secure the valuable islands like Los Negros and Manus. MacArthurs new campaign to hit Western New Guinea and the Dutch East Indies, certainly began with a bang as General Kenney's air forces had basically claimed air supremacy, the Japanese were in full panic mode.
Chad and Ben talk about what it was like growing up around the Speedrome and their racing families. Special thanks to our sponsors: Northwest Figure 8 - tinyurl.com/NorthwestFigure8 Peters Auto Service - http://tinyurl.com/18PetersAuto Polk Brothers Racing - https://tinyurl.com/PolkBrosRacing Kylie Anne Photography - http://tinyurl.com/KylieAnnePhotography Cozy Bear RV Repair - https://tinyurl.com/CozyBearRV White River Adventures - https://tinyurl.com/WhiteRivAdventure RULE ONE SHOT SPONSOR: Moon Drops Distillery -tinyurl.com/Moondropsdistillery --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/thecrossoverwjam/message
Ben (who raced the three races plus Showtime) and Chad (who raced the Freedom Factory race) discuss the Winter Storm series and the obstacles they ran in at each track. Special thanks to our sponsors: Northwest Figure 8 - tinyurl.com/NorthwestFigure8 Peters Auto Service - http://tinyurl.com/18PetersAuto Polk Brothers Racing - https://tinyurl.com/PolkBrosRacing Kylie Anne Photography - http://tinyurl.com/KylieAnnePhotography Cozy Bear RV Repair - https://tinyurl.com/CozyBearRV White River Adventures - https://tinyurl.com/WhiteRivAdventure RULE ONE SHOT SPONSOR: Moon Drops Distillery -tinyurl.com/Moondropsdistillery --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/thecrossoverwjam/message
This episode of Economics Explored analyzes Australia's new gender pay gap data reported by large companies. Are the data valuable or nonsense, as some critics have alleged? Host Gene Tunny interviews Dr Leonora Risse to discuss the report's methodology, findings, and criticisms. Risse provides context on factors influencing the gender pay gap, like occupational segregation. Tunny and Risse also debate the impact of societal norms and long work hours or ‘greedy jobs'. While acknowledging limitations, Risse argues the data highlights the need to address remaining gender inequities. Please get in touch with us with any questions, comments and suggestions by emailing us at contact@economicsexplored.com or sending a voice message via https://www.speakpipe.com/economicsexplored. About this episode's guest Dr Leonora RisseDr Leonora Risse is an Associate Professor in Economics at the University of Canberra and a Research Fellow with the Women's Leadership Institute Australia and serves as an Expert Panel Member on gender pay equity for the Fair Work Commission. She formerly held roles with the Women and Public Policy Program at Harvard University, the Australian Government Productivity Commission, and RMIT University. She earned her PhD in Economics from the University of Queensland. Leonora is a co-founder and former National Chair of the Women in Economics Network (WEN) in Australia.What's covered in EP230Introduction to the Episode and Topic (00:36)Overview of Gender Pay Gap Data Reporting (02:59)Calculation and Implications of Gender Pay Gap Data (04:48)Insights on Compositional Factors and Industry Dynamics (16:28 & 16:41)Critical Analysis of Gender Pay Gap Reporting (33:29)Claudia Goldin's Work and Nobel Prize Discussion (41:02)TakeawaysThe new gender pay gap data reveal significant disparities across companies in male and female median earnings, with factors like occupation and industry composition playing crucial roles.In Leonora's view, transparency in reporting pay gaps is crucial for raising awareness but also poses some risks of normalization and misinterpretation.Leonora argues societal norms and gender biases significantly influence occupational choices and bargaining power, contributing to the gender pay gap.Future research and data analysis are essential for understanding the drivers of the gender pay gap. Links relevant to the conversationLink to WGEA Data Explorer (can look up each company's pay gap and other gender equality statistics)https://www.wgea.gov.au/data-statistics/data-explorerLeonora's Twitter exchange with Senator Matt Canavanhttps://x.com/leonora_risse/status/1762395543366717877?s=20Gender wage transparency and the gender pay gap: A surveyhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/joes.12545Do Firms Respond to Gender Pay Gap Transparency?https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jofi.13136Pay Transparency and Gender Equalityhttps://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3584259Claudia Goldin's “Career and Family: Women's Century-Long Journey toward Equity”https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691201788/career-and-familyLeonora's book review in Economic Record (copy attached)https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1475-4932.12716 Leonora's Conversation article on WGEA pay gap datahttps://theconversation.com/qantas-pays-women-37-less-telstra-and-bhp-20-fifty-years-after-equal-pay-laws-we-still-have-a-long-way-to-go-223870Full transcripts are available a few days after the episode is first published at www.economicsexplored.com.
On February 22nd, 2024, there was a North Carolina Marine Fisheries Commission meeting and false albacore was on the agenda. The item for discussion was guard rail management for albies. The three options were essentially do nothing, monitor the situation , or if landings exceed 200% of a five-year average, take action. That action would be implementing regulations including a 3500lb trip limit for commercial vessels and a 10 fish per person limit (max of 30 per vessel) for recreational vessels. The vote was close, but Option 3 (take action) passed. For the very first time, false albacore finally have some level of state management.#BetterBusinessThroughConservationPresented by Costa Sunglasses.
There isn't much bigger news so far in 2024 than Taylor Swift. And there isn't a much bigger fan than co-host of The Project Georgie Tunny. This New Club special is for anyone who is bamboozled by Swiftmania or is just interested in how the celebrity media machine works (note: she recently interviewed Tom Cruise). Follow Georgie Tunny on Instagram and check out the Ready For It podcast here.
Adrianna Delliponti, the racer that became a star at the 2023 East Coast Indoor Dirt Nationals; Ben Tunny, 4-time Figure 8 World Champion; and Caleb Gladney, Atlanta Motor Speedway announcer are this week's guests.
January 2024 Eighty years ago, in January 1944, the first Colossus computer was delivered to Bletchley Park. This machine and the nine that followed it have acquired legendary status within the story of World War Two codebreaking. The machines have also been described as the world's first large-scale electronic digital computers – direct precursors of the digital world in which we live today. But in 1944 the computer age still lay far in the future. These machines were built for a specific and vital purpose, to assist with the breaking of the wireless messages of Germany's senior commanders, enciphered using the Lorenz cipher machine and known at BP as ‘Tunny'. What role did Colossus actually play in the breaking of Tunny? The Colossus machines were members of a wider family of machines, and the Newmanry – the department in which they operated - was only one of several teams at Bletchley Park, all of whom were crucial to the successful breaking of the cipher. In this ‘It Happened Here' episode, Bletchley Park historians Dr Tom Cheetham and Dr David Kenyon are here to place 'Colossus in Context' and examine where exactly these machines fitted into the effort to break Tunny. Many thanks to Dr Ben Thomson for voicing our archival documents. Image: ©Crown. Reproduced by kind permission, Director, GCHQ #BPark, #Bletchleypark, #WW2, #Colossus80,
In our final Year Ahead ep for 2024, Claire and Kate talk with sports journalist Abbey Gelmi and The Project host Georgie Tunny about their sports news predictions for 2024. They chat about the Paris Olympics, the exoneration of Peter Bol, and the big 'bin-fires' of 2023... Listen to Abbey and Georgie's podcast, Two Good Sports, and follow them on Instagram. Buy The Thursday Murder Club series here Watch Lessons in Chemistry on Apple TV and The English Game on Netflix (correction from: The Gentleman's Game). Listen to Take Me to Your Leader here and Empowering Leaders with Luke Darcy here Know someone who'd enjoy the way we do news? You telling them about us is the only present we need... go on, give us a plug. Or leave a review!
January 2024 Eighty years ago, in January 1944, the first Colossus computer was delivered to Bletchley Park. This machine and the nine that followed it have acquired legendary status within the story of World War Two codebreaking. The machines have also been described as the world's first large-scale electronic digital computers – direct precursors of the digital world in which we live today. But in 1944 the computer age still lay far in the future. These machines were built for a specific and vital purpose, to assist with the breaking of the wireless messages of Germany's senior commanders, enciphered using the Lorenz cipher machine and known at BP as ‘Tunny'. What role did Colossus actually play in the breaking of Tunny? The Colossus machines were members of a wider family of machines, and the Newmanry – the department in which they operated - was only one of several teams at Bletchley Park, all of whom were crucial to the successful breaking of the cipher. In this ‘It Happened Here' episode, Bletchley Park historians Dr Tom Cheetham and Dr David Kenyon are here to place 'Colossus in Context' and examine where exactly these machines fitted into the effort to break Tunny. This episode features the following contributors from our Oral History Archive: Jerry Roberts Betty Webb Image: ©Bletchley Park Trust 2024 #BPark, #Bletchleypark, #WW2, #Colossus80,
Mark gets a chance to finally check out the studio! Check out our AMAZING sponsors: Jim's Outlaws - tinyurl.com/JimsOutlaws Northwest Figure 8 - tinyurl.com/NorthwestFigure8 Polk Brothers Racing - https://tinyurl.com/PolkBrosRacing Loyalty Racing - https://tinyurl.com/LoyaltyRacing Peters Automotive Service - https://tinyurl.com/PetersAutomotive RULE ONE SHOT SPONSOR: Moon Drops Distillery - tinyurl.com/Moondropsdistillery --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/thecrossoverwjam/message
Stuart Cowie is developing a pretty cool game based around outlaw figure 8 racing, his demo track will be The Indianapolis Speedrome, that's pretty cool! Check out our AMAZING sponsors: Jim's Outlaws - tinyurl.com/JimsOutlaws Northwest Figure 8 - tinyurl.com/NorthwestFigure8 Polk Brothers Racing - https://tinyurl.com/PolkBrosRacing Loyalty Racing - https://tinyurl.com/LoyaltyRacing Peters Automotive Service - https://tinyurl.com/PetersAutomotive RULE ONE SHOT SPONSOR: Moon Drops Distillery - tinyurl.com/Moondropsdistillery --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/thecrossoverwjam/message
Georgie Tunny is an accomplished television journalist and host. She's worked hard and dealt with setbacks like having a guest walk out on her on live TV or that time when Tony Armstrong got the job she wanted. But Georgie has also achieved so much in her journey, including a spot on the panel of The Project- the dream job for many journalists. She's doing a job that she is passionate about and is motivated and driven by a need to tell people's stories. Now, she's engaged to the love of her life, Rob Mills and is venturing into the next chapter of her life… But Is She Happy? THE END BITS Subscribe to Mamamia GET IN TOUCH: Feedback? We're listening! Call the pod phone on 02 8999 9386 or email us at podcast@mamamia.com.au CREDITS: Host: Clare Stephens Guest: Georgie Tunny Executive Producer: Tia Ucich Producer: Clare O'Halloran Audio Producer: Leah Porges Mamamia acknowledges the Traditional Owners of the Land we have recorded this podcast on, the Gadigal people of the Eora Nation. We pay our respects to their Elders past and present and extend that respect to all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultures. Just by reading our articles or listening to our podcasts, you're helping to fund girls in schools in some of the most disadvantaged countries in the world - through our partnership with Room to Read. We're currently funding 300 girls in school every day and our aim is to get to 1,000. Find out more about Mamamia at mamamia.com.auSupport the show: https://www.mamamia.com.au/mplus/See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
We recap an eventful evening of racing..... Special thanks to our amazing sponsors: - Jim's Outlaws - Northwest Figure 8 - Polk Brothers Racing - Loyalty Racing Rule One Shot Sponsor: Moon Drops Distillery --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/thecrossoverwjam/message
GUEST 1 OVERVIEW: Richard Wolstencroft is an Australian filmmaker and director of the Melbourne Underground Film Festival. GUEST 2 OVERVIEW: Gene Tunny is the Founder and Director of Adept Economics, a Brisbane-based consultancy which specialises in economic modelling and cost-benefit analysis. He is also Vice-President of the Economic Society of Australia (Queensland) and a Director of Early Childhood Intervention Australia. Gene also lectured in UQ's School of Economics. He appears frequently in state and national media commenting on economic issues.
We're delighted to have Georgie Tunny from Network 10's The Project as our special guest on the Food Bytes podcast this week. Georgie offers a fresh and funny perspective on food, love and life, from her hankering for Coles BBQ chooks to white knuckle chairlift adventures and the wedding proposal that involved meat pies. And it's a date! Or is it? That's the focus of our Friday Food Poll this week -- Presented by Sarah Patterson & Kevin Hillier Broadcast each Sunday on the ACE Radio Network - https://aceradio.com.au/ Catch us also on: The Buzzz - Melbourne's Home of Classic Hits - thebuzzz.com.au Radio Bayside - 89.0FM - The Soundtrack of Our Lives - https://www.radiobayside.com/ Radio 2DD - Easy Listening - On Line - https://www.2dd.online/ Follow us on Facebook...https://www.facebook.com/foodbyteswithsarahpatterson/ Twitter & Instagram - @sarahfoodbytes Post-production by Steve Visscher | Southern Skies Media for Howdy Partners Media | www.howdypartnersmedia.com.au/podcasts © 2023See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
What is it that Figure 8 racing needs? This a continued conversation from a few months back.... Check out our AMAZING sponsors:Jim's Outlaws - tinyurl.com/JimsOutlawsNorthwest Figure 8 - tinyurl.com/NorthwestFigure8Polk Brothers Racing - https://tinyurl.com/PolkBrosRacingLoyalty Racing - https://tinyurl.com/LoyaltyRacingRULE ONE SHOT SPONSOR:Moon Drops Distillery - tinyurl.com/Moondropsdistillery --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/thecrossoverwjam/message
Mark, Dana, Bruce, and Matt are back. Check out our AMAZING sponsors: Jim's Outlaws - tinyurl.com/JimsOutlaws Northwest Figure 8 - tinyurl.com/NorthwestFigure8 Polk Brothers Racing - https://tinyurl.com/PolkBrosRacing RULE ONE SHOT SPONSOR: Moon Drops Distillery - tinyurl.com/Moondropsdistillery --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/thecrossoverwjam/message
This was an unforgettable experience. Thank you to Bruce for letting Josh & Mikey invade the race shop for a few hours. Check out our AMAZING sponsors: Jim's Outlaws - tinyurl.com/JimsOutlaws Northwest Figure 8 - tinyurl.com/NorthwestFigure8 Polk Brothers Racing - tinyurl.com/PolkBrosRacing RULE ONE SHOT SPONSOR: Moon Drops Distillery - tinyurl.com/Moondropsdistillery --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/thecrossoverwjam/message
February 2023 The breaking of the German Lorenz cipher system was one of BP's most complex technical achievements. This work is often associated with Tommy Flowers from the GPO, however Flowers' work, and the wider mechanisation of the breaking of TUNNY was overseen by a Cambridge mathematician who came to BP only reluctantly in 1942; Professor Max Newman. To mark the 80th anniversary of the opening of Bletchley Park's 'Newmanry' in February 1943, in this ‘It Happened Here' episode, we examine the story of Newman and his crucial role in the breaking of Lorenz. We are joined by Bletchley Park's Research Historian Dr David Kenyon to tell us more. Special thanks to Dr Ben Thomson for voicing our archival documents. Image: ©Crown. Reproduced by kind permission, Director, GCHQ #BPark, #Bletchleypark, #WW2, # Colossus,
Featuring songs from the Grammy Award winning multi-platinum album of the same name and its follow-up album release ‘21st Century Breakdown', American Idiot tells the story of Johnny, Tunny and... LEARN MORE The post Americian Idiot appeared first on Sunday Arts Magazine.
This week Jordy is joined by Georgie Tunny.Georgie is an Australian journalist who recently joined the brand new team on The Project. Georgie talks about getting her start in the media, the ever-present threat of cancel culture & why she might elope with Rob Mills!Catch Georgie on The Project on Friday evenings on Channel 10.For the latest, head to ItsAllHer.com Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
Josh & Mikey talk to a few Outlaw Drivers (both new & experienced) to discuss the recent changes made at the Indianapolis Speedrome. This is part one of two in a series. Part two will be recorded in January. CHECK OUT OUR DOPE ASS SPONSORS: Jim's Outlaws - tinyurl.com/JimsOutlaws RULE ONE SHOT SPONSOR: Moondrops Distillery - tinyurl.com/Moondropsdistillery --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/thecrossoverwjam/message
In today's episode, Georgie Tunny hosts Rob Mills as they discuss his new book, Putting On A Show. Putting On A Show by Rob Mills | https://bit.ly/3Fdm6tJ EXPLORE BOOKS MENTIONED The Happiest Man On Earth by Eddie Jaku | https://bit.ly/3ASN8UQ Finnikin of the Rock by Melina Marchetta | https://bit.ly/3ioUSrd Boy Swallows Universe by Trent Dalton | https://bit.ly/3ERyo9G WANT TO KNOW MORE? Follow Rob Mills | Website: https://www.robmills.net.au/ Instagram: https://www.facebook.com/RobMillsyMills/ Facebook: https://www.instagram.com/robmillsymills/ Twitter: https://mobile.twitter.com/millsyrob Follow Georgie Tunny | Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/georgie_tunny/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/georgie_tunny ENJOY THIS EPISODE? Subscribe to YouTube | https://bit.ly/3GLDvJl Check out our Editorial | https://bit.ly/3myzL1U Twitter | https://twitter.com/booktopia Facebook Group | https://www.facebook.com/groups/booktopiatellmewhattoread CREDITS Guests: Rob Mills Host: Georgie Tunny Producer: Nick Wasiliev Published on: 30 November 2022 Season: 2 Episode: 86 © 2022 BooktopiaSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
In our second IN STUDIO interview Josh, Mikey, and Austin Dan invite Ben Tunny and Matt Smith into the Crossover Studio to talk about racing. Check out our dope sponsor: Jim's Outlaws - tinyurl.com/JimsOutlaws Rule One Shot Sponsor: Moondrops Distillery - tinyurl.com/Moondropsdistillery --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/thecrossoverwjam/message
Josh, Mikey, and Austin Dan sit down and talk to Mike Hadley Jr and 2022 3 Hour Champion Mark Tunny! Check out our dope sponsor: Jim's Outlaws - tinyurl.com/JimsOutlaws Rule One Shot Sponsor: Moondrops Distillery - tinyurl.com/Moondropsdistillery --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/thecrossoverwjam/message
Georgie talks about her new role on The Project, reflects on her most awkward TV moment, and reveals how she ruined Rob Mills' marriage proposal. Host: Andrew BucklowProducer: Nina Young & Emily PidgeonAudio Editor: Tiffany DimmackSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
While Mikey was in Tennessee Josh went to Painesville. "It was dope, 5 Stars" - Josh __________________________________________________ Check out our dope sponsor: Jim's Outlaws tinyurl.com/JimsOutlaws Rule One Shot Sponsor: Moondrops Distillery tinyurl.com/Moondropsdistillery --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/thecrossoverwjam/message
David Sinclair, a marine biologist and expert on tunny fish, chats with Lexman about the assibilation behavior of these creatures and the potential implications for the fishing industry.
Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoicesSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
Economics Explored host Gene Tunny discusses his career path as an economist and offers advice for aspiring economists in an interview with Francisco Garcia, host of the University of Queensland Economics Society (UQES) podcast Worldonomics. Links relevant to the conversationhttps://www.uqes.com.au/https://podcasts.apple.com/au/podcast/worldonomics/id1513275367Thanks to the show's audio engineer Josh Crotts for his assistance in producing the episode. Please consider signing up to receive our email updates and to access our e-book Top Ten Insights from Economics at www.economicsexplored.com. Also, please get in touch with any questions, comments and suggestions by emailing us at contact@economicsexplored.com or sending a voice message via https://www.speakpipe.com/economicsexplored. Economics Explored is available via Apple Podcasts, Google Podcast, and other podcasting platforms.
We talk about the interview with Brayton and Mrs. Laster, That movie Death Race, and The Phyllis Tunny 75 Today's show is sponsored by Jim's Outlaws! https://tinyurl.com/JimsOutlaws --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/thecrossoverwjam/message
We chat to musical theatre legend (Sir) Andrew Lloyd Webber about resigning from the House of Lords, and why he might need a therapy dog post-Cats; Georgie Tunny takes on Chrissie in the teleprompter game; Guy Montgomery tells us to have fun with it, and we do; and Chrissie kills time in the school holidays. Sam remembers Gilbert Gottfried, and Browny reveals his life as accomplice to a gate crasher. A Nova Podcast Podcast Produced & Edited By Andy Zito Executive Producer: Jack Charles Producers: Victoria Wall & Brodie Pummeroy Additional Audio Production: Tim Mountford See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
This week on the podcast Sammy is lucky enough to be joined by the great Rob Mills and Max Price. Sit down, pour yourself a drink and have a listen...or don't. Listen however you like. Confessions Of The Idiots Live: https://tccinc.sales.ticketsearch.com/sales/salesevent/18529 Follow Millsy on instagram: @robmillsymills Follow Max on instagram: @maxprice3 Follow Confessions on instagram & facebook: @confessionsoftheidiots Follow Sammy on twitter: @mrsammyp Follow Sammy on instagram: @sampetersen91
This week on the podcast Sammy is lucky enough to be joined by the great Rob Mills and Max Price. Sit down, pour yourself a drink and have a listen...or don't. Listen however you like.Confessions Of The Idiots Live: https://tccinc.sales.ticketsearch.com/sales/salesevent/18529Follow Millsy on instagram: @robmillsymillsFollow Max on instagram: @maxprice3Follow Confessions on instagram & facebook: @confessionsoftheidiotsFollow Sammy on twitter: @mrsammypFollow Sammy on instagram: @sampetersen91See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
ABC reporter Georgie Tunny gives us a considered and factual breakdown of the Kanye West situation See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
ABC reporter Georgie Tunny gives us a considered and factual breakdown of the Kanye West situationSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
So.... Last Sunday there was a NASCAR race that took place on the football field at USC. So I asked Mark and Colin for their takes on it..... Enjoy --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/thecrossoverwjam/message
Pretty cool interview with The Marksman. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/thecrossoverwjam/message
The Industrial Revolution gave us the rise of factories all over the world in the 1800s. Life was moving faster and we were engineering complex solutions to mass produce items. And many expanded from there to engineer complex solutions for simple problems. Cartoonist Heath Robinson harnessed the reaction from normal humans to this changing world in the forms of cartoons and illustrations of elaborate machines meant to accomplish simple tasks. These became known as “Heath Robinson contraptions” and were a reaction to the changing and increasingly complicated world order as much as anything. Just think of the rapidly evolving financial markets as one sign of the times! Following World War I, other cartoonists made similar cartoons. Like Rube Goldberg, giving us the concept of Rube Goldberg machines in the US. And the very idea of breaking down simple operations into Boolean logic from those who didn't understand the “why” would have seemed preposterous. I mean a wheel with 60 teeth or a complex series of switches and relays to achieve the same result? And yet with flip-flop circuits one would be able to process infinitely faster than it would take that wheel to turn with any semblance of precision. The Industrial Revolution of our data was to come. And yet we were coming to a place in the world where we were just waking up to the reality of moving from analog to digital as Robinson passed away in 1944 with a series of electromechanical computers named after Robinson and then The Colossus. These came just one year after Claude Shannon and Alan Turing, two giants in the early history of computers, met at Bell Labs. And a huge step in that transition was a paper by Alan Turing in 1936 called "On Computable Numbers with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem.” This would become the basis for a programmable computing machine concept and so before the war, Alan Turing had published papers about the computability of problems using what we now call a Turing machine - or recipes. Some of the work on that paper was inspired by Max Newman, who helped Turing go off to Princeton to work on all the maths, where Turing would get a PhD in 1938. He returned home and started working part-time at the Government Code and Cypher school during the pre-war buildup. Hitler invaded Poland the next year, sparking World War II. The Poles had gotten pretty good with codebreaking, being situated right between world powers Germany and Russia and their ability to see troop movements through decrypted communications was one way they were able to keep forces in optimal locations. And yet the Germans got in there. The Germans had built a machine called the Enigma that also allowed their Navy to encrypt communications. Unable to track their movements, Allied forces were playing a cat and mouse game and not doing very well at it. Turing came up with a new way of decrypting the messages and that went into a new version of the Polish Bomba. Later that year, the UK declared war on Germany. Turing's work resulted in a lot of other advances in cryptanalysis throughout the war. But he also brought home the idea of an electromechanical machine to break those codes - almost as though he'd written a paper on building machines to do such things years before. The Germans had given away a key to decrypt communications accidentally in 1941 and the codebreakers at Bletchley Park got to work on breaking the machines that used the Lorenz Cipher in new and interesting ways. The work had reduced the amount of losses - but they needed more people. It was time intensive to go through the possible wheel positions or guess at them, and every week meant lives lost. Or they needed more automation of people tasks… So they looked to automate the process. Turing and the others wrote to Churchill directly. Churchill started his memo to General Ismay with “ACTION THIS DAY” and so they were able to get more bombes up and running. Bill Tutte and the codebreakers worked out the logic to process the work done by hand. The same number of codebreakers were able to a ton more work. The first pass was a device with uniselectors and relays. Frank Morrell did the engineering design to process the logic. And so we got the alpha test of an automation machine they called the Tunny. The start positions were plugged in by hand and it could still take weeks to decipher messages. Max Newman, Turing's former advisor and mentor, got tapped to work on the project and Turing was able to take the work of Polish code breakers and others and add sequential conditional probability to guess at the settings of the 12 wheels of an Enigma machine and thus get to the point they could decipher messages coming out of the German navy on paper. No written records indicate that Turing was involved much in the project beyond that. Max Newman developed the specs, heavily influenced by Turing's previous work. They got to work on an electro-mechanical device we now call the Heath Robinson. They needed to be able to store data. They used paper tape - which could process a thousand characters per second using photocell readers - but there were two and they had to run concurrently. Tape would rip and two tapes running concurrently meant a lot might rip. Charles Wynn-Williams was a brilliant physicist who worked with electric waves since the late 1920s at Trinity College, Cambridge and was recruited from a project helping to develop RADAR because he'd specifically worked on electronic counters at Cambridge. That work went into the counting unit, counting how many times a function returned a true result. As we saw with Bell Labs, the telephone engineers were looking for ways to leverage switching electronics to automate processes for the telephone exchange. Turing recommended they bring in telephone engineer Tommy Flowers to design the Combining unit, which used vacuum tubes to implement Boolean logic - much as the paper Shannon wrote in 1936 that he gave Turing over tea at Bell labs earlier 1943. It's likely Turing would have also heard of the calculator George Stibitz of Bell Labs built out of relay switches all the way back in 1937. Slow but more reliable than the vacuum tubes of the era. And it's likely he influenced those he came to help by collaborating on encrypted voice traffic and likely other projects as much if not more. Inspiration is often best found at the intersectionality between ideas and cultures. Flowers looked to use vacuum tubes where the wheel patterns were produced. This gave one less set of paper tapes and infinitely more reliability. And a faster result. The programs were stored but they were programmable. Input was made using the shift registers from the paper tape and thyratron rings that simulated the bitstream for the wheels. There was a master control unit that handled the timing between the clock, signals, readouts, and printing. It didn't predate the Von Neumann architecture. But it didn't not. The switch panel had a group of switches used to define the algorithm being used with a plug-board defining conditions. The combination provided billions of combinations for logic processing. Vacuum tube valves were still unstable but they rarely blew when on, it was the switching process. So if they could have the logic gates flow through a known set of wheel settings the new computer would be more stable. Just one thing - they needed 1,500 valves! This thing would be huge! And so the Colossus Mark 1 was approved by W.G. Radley in 1943. It took 50 people 11 months to build and was able to compute wheel settings for ciphered message tapes. Computers automating productivity at its finest. The switches and plugs could be repositioned and so not only was Colossus able get messages decrypted in hours but could be reprogrammed to do other tasks. Others joined and they got the character reading up to almost 10,000 characters a second. They improved on the design yet again by adding shift registers and got over four times the speeds. It could now process 25,000 characters per second. One of the best uses was to confirm that Hitler got tricked into thinking the attack at Normandy at D-Day would happen elsewhere. And so the invasion of Normandy was safe to proceed. But the ability to reprogram made it a mostly universal computing machine - proving the Turing machine concept and fulfilling the dreams of Charles Babbage a hundred years earlier. And so the war ended in 1945. After the war, The Colossus machines were destroyed - except the two sent to British GHCQ where they ran until 1960. So the simple story of Colossus is that it was a series of computers built in England from 1943 to 1945, at the heart of World War II. The purpose: cryptanalysis - or code breaking. Turing went on to work on the Automatic Computing Engine at the National Physical Laboratory after the war and wrote a paper on the ACE - but while they were off to a quick start in computing in England having the humans who knew the things, they were slow to document given that their wartime work was classified. ENIAC came along in 1946 as did the development of Cybernetics by Norbert Wiener. That same year Max Newman wrote to John Von Neumann (Wiener's friend) about building a computer in England. He founded the Royal Society Computing Machine Laboratory at Victory University of Manchester, got Turing out to help and built the Manchester Baby, along with Frederic Williams and Thomas Kilburn. In 1946 Newman would also decline becoming Sir Newman when he rejected becoming an OBE, or Officer of the Order of the British Empire, over the treatment of his protege Turing not being offered the same. That's leadership. They'd go on to collaborate on the Manchester Mark I and Ferranti Mark I. Turing would work on furthering computing until his death in 1954, from taking cyanide after going through years of forced estrogen treatments for being a homosexual. He has since been pardoned post Following the war, Flowers tried to get a loan to start a computer company - but the very idea was ludicrous and he was denied. He retired from the Post Office Research Station after spearheading the move of the phone exchange to an electric, or what we might think of as a computerized exchange. Over the next decade, the work from Claude Shannon and other mathematicians would perfect the implementation of Boolean logic in computers. Von Neumann only ever mentioned Shannon and Turing in his seminal 1958 paper called The Computer And The Brain. While classified by the British government the work on Colossus was likely known to Von Neumann, who will get his own episode soon - but suffice it to say was a physicist turned computer scientist and worked on ENIAC to help study and develop atom bombs - and who codified the von Neumann architecture. We did a whole episode on Turing and another on Shannon, and we have mentioned the 1945 article As We May Think where Vannevar Bush predicted and inspired the next couple generations of computer scientists following the advancements in computing around the world during the war. He too would have likely known of the work on Colossus at Bletchley Park. Maybe not the specifics but he certainly knew of ENIAC - which unlike Colossus was run through a serious public relations machine. There are a lot of heroes to this story. The brave men and women who worked tirelessly to break, decipher, and analyze the cryptography. The engineers who pulled it off. The mathematicians who sparked the idea. The arrival of the computer was almost deterministic. We had work on the Atanasoff-Berry Computer at Iowa State, work at Bell Labs, Norbert Wiener's work on anti-aircraft guns at MIT during the war, Konrad Zuse's Z3, Colossus, and other mechanical and electromechanical devices leading up to it. But deterministic doesn't mean lacking inspiration. And what is the source of inspiration and when mixed with perspiration - innovation? There were brilliant minds in mathematics, like Turing. Brilliant physicists like Wynn-Williams. Great engineers like Flowers. That intersection between disciplines is the wellspring of many an innovation. Equally as important, then there's a leader who can take the ideas, find people who align with a mission, and help clear roadblocks. People like Newman. When they have domain expertise and knowledge - and are able to recruit and keep their teams inspired, they can change the world. And then there are people with purse strings who see the brilliance and can see a few moves ahead on the chessboard - like Churchill. They make things happen. And finally, there are the legions who carried on the work in theoretical, practical, and in the pure sciences. People who continue the collaboration between disciplines, iterate, and bring products to ever growing markets. People who continue to fund those innovations. It can be argued that our intrepid heroes in this story helped win a war - but that the generations who followed, by connecting humanity and bringing productivity gains to help free our minds to solve bigger and bigger problems will hopefully some day end war. Thank you for tuning in to this episode of the History of Computing Podcast. We hope to cover your contributions. Drop us a line and let us know how we can. And thank you so much for listening. We are so, so lucky to have you.
Georgie Tunny from News Flash takes RN Drive through her favourite social media picks from the week.
"What is the trouble?""It is I and my poor father.""I know the voice. You are Pinocchio.""Exactly. And you?""I am the Tunny, your companion in the Shark's stomach.""And how did you escape?""I imitated your example. You are the one who showedme the way and after you went, I followed.""Tunny, you arrived at the right moment! I implore4 you,for the love you bear your children, the little Tunnies,to help us, or we are lost!""With great pleasure indeed. Hang onto my tail, bothof you, and let me lead you. In a twinkling you will besafe on land."Geppetto and Pinocchio, as you can easily imagine, did notrefuse the invitation; indeed, instead of hanging ontothe tail, they thought it better to climb on the Tunny's back. "Are we too heavy?" asked Pinocchio. "Heavy? Not in the least. You are as light as sea-shells,"answered the Tunny, who was as large as a two-year-old horse. As soon as they reached the shore, Pinocchio was thefirst to jump to the ground to help his old father. Then he turned to the fish and said to him: "Dear friend, you have saved my father, and I have notenough words with which to thank you! Allow me toembrace you as a sign of my eternal gratitude5."The Tunny stuck his nose out of the water and Pinocchioknelt on the sand and kissed him most affectionatelyon his cheek. At this warm greeting, the poor Tunny,who was not used to such tenderness, wept like a child. He felt so embarrassed and ashamed that he turned quickly,plunged into the sea, and disappeared. In the meantime day had dawned. “谁快死啦？” “是我和我可怜的爸爸！” “这嗓子我很熟！你是皮诺乔吧！……” “一点不错。你是谁，” “我是金枪鱼，鲨鱼肚子里的患难朋友。” “你怎么逃出来的？” “我学你的样子逃出来了。是你给我开了窍，我也跟着逃出来了。” “我的金枪鱼，你来得正好！我求求你，你像爱你那些小金枪鱼那样救救我们吧，要不我们就完蛋了。” “我很愿意，衷心愿意。你们俩快抓住我的尾巴，让我带你们走。只要四分钟我就可以把你们送到岸上。” 诸位可以想象得到，杰佩托和皮诺乔马上接受邀请，而不是抓住金枪鱼的尾巴，而是骑在它背上，觉得这样更舒服些。 “我们太重吗？”皮诺乔问。 “重！一点不重。我只觉得身上不过有两个贝壳，”金枪鱼回答说。它身强力壮，像匹两岁的马似的。 到了岸边，皮诺乔第一个跳上岸，帮他爸爸也上了岸。然后他向金枪鱼转过身来，用感激的声音对它说： “我的朋友，你救了我的爸爸！我都不知该说什么话来好好谢你！至少得让我亲亲你，表示我对你永世不忘的谢意！……” 金枪鱼全把嘴露出水面，皮诺乔跪在地上，无比亲热地亲了一下它的嘴。可怜的金枪鱼，它有生以来还没有人这样真心真意地热爱过它，它激动极了，又不好意思让人看见它像小娃娃似地哇哇哭，就把头重新钻到水底下，不见了。 这时天已经亮起来。3tunen.调子；和谐，协调；v.调音，调节，调整参考例句：He'd written a tune,and played it to us on the piano.他写了一段曲子，并在钢琴上弹给我们听。The boy beat out a tune on a tin can.那男孩在易拉罐上敲出一首曲子。4implorevt.乞求，恳求，哀求参考例句：I implore you to write. At least tell me you're alive.请给我音讯，让我知道你还活着。Please implore someone else's help in a crisis.危险时请向别人求助。5gratitudeadj.感激，感谢参考例句：I have expressed the depth of my gratitude to him.我向他表示了深切的谢意。She could not help her tears of gratitude rolling down her face.她感激的泪珠禁不住沿着面颊流了下来。
We talk with Ben Tunny about the sport we love! Totally awesome conversation! --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/thecrossoverwjam/message
"Are we too heavy?" asked Pinocchio. "Heavy? Not in the least. You are as light as sea-shells,"answered the Tunny, who was as large as a two-year-old horse. As soon as they reached the shore, Pinocchio was thefirst to jump to the ground to help his old father. Then he turned to the fish and said to him: "Dear friend, you have saved my father, and I have notenough words with which to thank you! Allow me toembrace you as a sign of my eternalgratitude5."The Tunny stuck his nose out of the water and Pinocchioknelt on the sand and kissed him most affectionatelyon his cheek. At this warm greeting, the poor Tunny,who was not used to such tenderness, wept like a child. He felt so embarrassed and ashamed that he turned quickly,plunged into the sea, and disappeared. In the meantime day had dawned. Pinocchio offered his arm to Geppetto, who was soweak he could hardly stand, and said to him: "Lean on my arm, dear Father, and let us go. We willwalk very, very slowly, and if we feel tired we can restby the wayside.""And where are we going?" asked Geppetto. "To look for a house or a hut, where they will be kind enoughto give us a bite of bread and a bit of straw to sleep on."They had not taken a hundred steps when they saw tworough-looking individuals sitting on a stone begging for alms. “我们太重吗？”皮诺乔问。 “重！一点不重。我只觉得身上不过有两个贝壳，”金枪鱼回答说。它身强力壮，像匹两岁的马似的。 到了岸边，皮诺乔第一个跳上岸，帮他爸爸也上了岸。然后他向金枪鱼转过身来，用感激的声音对它说： “我的朋友，你救了我的爸爸！我都不知该说什么话来好好谢你！至少得让我亲亲你，表示我对你永世不忘的谢意！……” 金枪鱼全把嘴露出水面，皮诺乔跪在地上，无比亲热地亲了一下它的嘴。可怜的金枪鱼，它有生以来还没有人这样真心真意地热爱过它，它激动极了，又不好意思让人看见它像小娃娃似地哇哇哭，就把头重新钻到水底下，不见了。 这时天已经亮起来。 杰佩托都快站不住了，皮诺乔向他伸出手来对他说： “靠在我的胳膊上吧，亲爱的爸爸，咱们走。咱们慢慢地，慢慢地走，慢得像蚂蚁似的。走累了就在路边歇一会。” “咱们上哪儿去呢？” “咱们去找一间房子或者一间茅屋，到了那里，人们会做好事，给咱们口面包吃，给咱们点干草睡一觉的。” 还没走上一百步，他们就看见两个丑八怪，正在路边乞讨。5gratitudeadj.感激，感谢参考例句：I have expressed the depth of my gratitude to him.我向他表示了深切的谢意。She could not help her tears of gratitude rolling down her face.她感激的泪珠禁不住沿着面颊流了下来。
Pinocchio finally ceases to bea Marionette1 and becomes a boy"My dear Father, we are saved!" cried the Marionette. "All we have to do now is to get to the shore, and that is easy."Without another word, he swam swiftly away in aneffort to reach land as soon as possible. All at once henoticed that Geppetto was shivering and shaking as if witha high fever. Was he shivering from fear or from cold? Who knows? Perhaps a little of both. But Pinocchio, thinking his fatherwas frightened, tried to comfort him by saying: "Courage, Father! In a few moments we shall be safe on land.""But where is that blessed shore?" asked the little old man,more and more worried as he tried to pierce the faraway shadows. "Here I am searching on all sides and I see nothing but sea and sky.""I see the shore," said the Marionette. "Remember, Father,that I am like a cat. I see better at night than by day."Poor Pinocchio pretended to be peaceful and contented,but he was far from that. He was beginning to feeldiscouraged, his strength was leaving him, and his breathingwas becoming more and more labored2. He felt he couldnot go on much longer, and the shore was still far away. He swam a few more strokes. Then he turned to Geppettoand cried out weakly: "Help me, Father! Help, for I am dying!"Father and son were really about to drown when theyheard a voice like a guitar out oftune3call from the sea: "What is the trouble?""It is I and my poor father.""I know the voice. You are Pinocchio.""Exactly. And you?""I am the Tunny, your companion in the Shark's stomach.""And how did you escape?""I imitated your example. You are the one who showedme the way and after you went, I followed.""Tunny, you arrived at the right moment! Iimplore4you,for the love you bear your children, the little Tunnies,to help us, or we are lost!""With great pleasure indeed. Hang onto my tail, bothof you, and let me lead you. In a twinkling you will besafe on land."Geppetto and Pinocchio, as you can easily imagine, did notrefuse the invitation; indeed, instead of hanging ontothe tail, they thought it better to climb on the Tunny's back. 皮诺乔正要游向海岸的时候，突然觉得爸爸骑在他肩头上，半只脚浸在水里，一个劲地在哆嗦。这可怜的人像发疟疾似的。 他是冷得发抖，还是吓得发抖呢？谁知道啊，……也许两者都有一点。可皮诺乔认为他是吓得发抖，安慰他说： “勇敢点，爸爸！过几分钟就到陆地，咱们就得救了。” “可这老天降福的海岸在哪儿啊！”小老头问道。他越来越担心，尖起了眼睛，就像裁缝穿针时的样子。“瞧，我四面八方都看了，就只看见天连水，水连天。” “可我还看见岸，”木偶说，“跟您说，我像猫，晚上看得比白天还清楚。” 可怜的皮诺乔只不过装出一副喜气洋洋的样子，可事实上呢……事实上他已经开始泄气了。他的力气不够，呼吸越来越困难，越来越急促……一句话，他再也不行了，可海岸还远着呢。 他只要有一口气就拼命地游。可最后他向杰佩托转过脸来，断断续续地说： “我的爸爸，救救我……我快死了！” 他们爷儿俩眼看就要给淹死了，可这时候他们听见一个像走了调的六弦琴似的声音说： “谁快死啦？” “是我和我可怜的爸爸！” “这嗓子我很熟！你是皮诺乔吧！……” “一点不错。你是谁，” “我是金枪鱼，鲨鱼肚子里的患难朋友。” “你怎么逃出来的？” “我学你的样子逃出来了。是你给我开了窍，我也跟着逃出来了。” “我的金枪鱼，你来得正好！我求求你，你像爱你那些小金枪鱼那样救救我们吧，要不我们就完蛋了。” “我很愿意，衷心愿意。你们俩快抓住我的尾巴，让我带你们走。只要四分钟我就可以把你们送到岸上。” 诸位可以想象得到，杰佩托和皮诺乔马上接受邀请，而不是抓住金枪鱼的尾巴，而是骑在它背上，觉得这样更舒服些。1marionetten.木偶参考例句：With this marionette I wish to travel through the world.我希望带着这个木偶周游世界。The development of marionette had a great influence on the future development of opera.木偶戏的发展对以后的戏曲有十分重要的影响。2laboredadj.吃力的，谨慎的v.努力争取(for)( labor的过去式和过去分词 )；苦干；详细分析；（指引擎）缓慢而困难地运转参考例句：I was close enough to the elk to hear its labored breathing. 我离那头麋鹿非常近，能听见它吃力的呼吸声。 来自辞典例句They have labored to complete the job. 他们努力完成这一工作。 来自辞典例句3tunen.调子；和谐，协调；v.调音，调节，调整参考例句：He'd written a tune,and played it to us on the piano.他写了一段曲子，并在钢琴上弹给我们听。The boy beat out a tune on a tin can.那男孩在易拉罐上敲出一首曲子。4implorevt.乞求，恳求，哀求参考例句：I implore you to write. At least tell me you're alive.请给我音讯，让我知道你还活着。Please implore someone else's help in a crisis.危险时请向别人求助。
Round two of the scrap for Syria! Although my sources seem to be slightly uncertain about some of the details, the broad strokes of the conflict are agreed upon. So, today, let's discuss a conflict that will rage from the early to late 250s BCE- and which will also have implications for Antiochus II's rule in the east... Sources for this episode: 1) Bevan, E. R. (1902), The House of Seleucus, London: Edward Arthur. 2) Bevan, E. R., Encyclopaedia Britannica (1911, edited by Hugh Chisholm), Seleucid dynasty. Available at: Wikisource [Accessed 18/06/2021]. 3) Bevan, E. R. (1927), The House of Ptolemy, London: Methuen Publishing. Available at: LascusCurtis [Accessed 08/02/2021]. 4) The Editors, Encyclopaedia Britannica (check date), Antiochus II Theos (online) [Accessed 21/04/2021]. 5) The Editors, Encyclopaedia Britannica (check date), Syrian Wars (online) [Accessed 30/07/2021]. 6) Grainger, J. D., (2014), The Rise of the Seleukid Empire (323- 223 BCE), Seleukos I to Seleukos III. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Books Ltd. (eBook) [Accessed 04/01/2021]. 7) Heinen, H., Encyclopaedia Britannica (check date), Ptolemy II Philadelphus (online) [Accessed 21/04/2021]. 8) Rawlinson, G. (1869) A manual of ancient history from the earliest times to the fall of the Western Empire, comprising the history of Chaldea, Assyria, Media, Babylonia, Lydia, Phoenicia, Syria, Judea, Egypt, Carthage, Persia, Greece, Macedonia, Rome, and Parthia. Oxford: Clarendon Press. (eBook) [Accessed 02/03/2021]. 9) Tunny, J. A. (2000), Ptolemy 'The Son' Reconsidered: Are there too Many Ptolemies? Zeitschrift fur Papyrologie und Epigraphik 131: 83-92. 10) Author unknown, Wikipedia (date unknown), Antiochus II Theos [Accessed 25/05/2021]. 11) Author unknown, Wikipedia (date unknown), Nicomedes I of Bithynia (online) [Accessed 01/08/2021]. 12) Author unknown, Wikipedia (date unknown), Ptolemy II Philadelphus [Accessed 28/03/2021].
Georgie Tunny is a passionate sports reporter for the ABC. Born in Brisbane she grew up watching the footy with her father. And from there her love of all things sport grew. We've just finished a podcast called You Little Ripper, and we had a blast. I hope you enjoy getting to know Georgie Tunny.
Around 258 BCE, a Ptolemaic prince rebelled against Ptolemy II in Ephesus. His rebellion, in conjunction with a self-made dynasty called Timarchus, would ultimately fail, although the details of the prince involved, events themselves and. However, if we sweep aside the murky veil of time, we can see that the events after the rebellion lead directly to the Second Syrian War... Sources for this episode: 1) Bevan, E. R. (1902), The House of Seleucus, London: Edward Arthur. Quote: p.175. 2) Bevan, E. R. (1927), The House of Ptolemy, London: Methuen Publishing. Available at: LascusCurtis [Accessed 08/02/2021]. 3) The Editors, Encyclopaedia Britannica (2019), Antiochus II Theos (online) [Accessed 21/04/2021]. 4) Grainger, J. D., (2014), The Rise of the Seleukid Empire (323- 223 BCE), Seleukos I to Seleukos III. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Books Ltd. (eBook) [Accessed 04/01/2021]. 5) Heinen, H., Encyclopaedia Britannica (2019), Ptolemy II Philadelphus (online) [Accessed 21/04/2021]. 6) Tunny, J. A. (2000), Ptolemy 'The Son' Reconsidered: Are there too Many Ptolemies? Zeitschrift fur Papyrologie und Epigraphik 131: 83-92. 7) Author unknown, Wikipedia (date unknown), Antiochus II Theos (online) [Accessed 11/06/2021]. 8) Author unknown, Wikipedia (date unknown), Condotierro (online) [Accessed 11/06/2021]. 9) Author unknown, Wikipedia (date unknown), Ephesus (online) [Accessed 11/06/2021]. 10) Author unknown, Wikipedia (date unknown), Miletus (online) [Accessed 11/06/2021]. 11) Author unknown, Wikipedia (date unknown), Ptolemy II Philadelphus (online) [Accessed 11/06/2021]. 12) Author unknown, Wikipedia (date unknown), Timarchus of Miletus (online) [Accessed 11/06/2021].
In the Shark's body Pinocchio finds whom? Read this chapter, my children, and you will knowPinocchio, as soon as he had said good-by to his goodfriend, the Tunny, tottered1 away in the darkness andbegan to walk as well as he could toward the faint lightwhich glowed in the distance. As he walked his feet splashed in a pool ofgreasy2andslippery water, which had such a heavy smell of fish friedin oil that Pinocchio thought it was Lent. The farther on he went, the brighter and clearer grewthe tiny light. On and on he walked till finally he found--I give you a thousand guesses, my dear children! Hefound a little table set for dinner and lighted by a candlestuck in a glass bottle; and near the table sat a little oldman, white as the snow, eating live fish. They wriggledso that, now and again, one of them slipped out of the oldman's mouth and escaped into the darkness under the table. At this sight, the poorMarionette3was filled with suchgreat and sudden happiness that he almost dropped in afaint. He wanted to laugh, he wanted to cry, he wantedto say a thousand and one things, but all he could do wasto stand still, stuttering andstammering4brokenly. Atlast, with a great effort, he was able to let out a scream ofjoy and, opening wide his arms he threw them around theold man's neck. "Oh, Father, dear Father! Have I found you at last? 皮诺乔对他的好朋友金枪鱼说过再见，就在鲨鱼的肚子里摸着黑，向在老远老远一闪一闪的微弱亮光一步一步走去。 他走着走着，只觉得脚踏在滑溜溜的油腻水坑里。油腻的水发出炸鱼一样的气味，使他觉得像是在大斋期。 他越是往前走，火光就越是亮，越是清楚。他走啊走啊，最后走到了。等他走到跟前……他可是看到什么啦？就让诸位猜上一千次，诸位也别想猜出来。他看到了一张小桌子，上面摆着吃的，还有一支点着的蜡烛，插在一个绿色的玻璃瓶上。桌子旁边坐着一个小老头，头发胡子白得像雪，或者说白得像切开的面包。这小老头正在那里嚼着一些生猛的小鱼。这些小鱼太生猛了，有时他吃着吃着就打他嘴里跳了出来。 可怜的皮诺乔一看见这个人，马上感到大喜过望，差点儿都要昏倒了，他想笑，他想哭，他想说许多许多话，可结果只能乱叫一通，结结巴巴地说些无头无尾、前言不打后语的话。最后他好容易迸发出一阵欢呼，张开胳膊，扑过去搂住小老头的脖子，叫了起来： “噢！我的爸爸！我终于又找到您了！1 tottered v.走得或动得不稳( totter的过去式和过去分词 )；踉跄；蹒跚；摇摇欲坠参考例句：The pile of books tottered then fell. 这堆书晃了几下，然后就倒了。 来自《简明英汉词典》The wounded soldier tottered to his feet. 伤员摇摇晃晃地站了起来。 来自《简明英汉词典》2 greasy adj. 多脂的，油脂的参考例句：He bought a heavy-duty cleanser to clean his greasy oven.昨天他买了强力清洁剂来清洗油污的炉子。You loathe the smell of greasy food when you are seasick.当你晕船时，你会厌恶油腻的气味。3 marionette n.木偶参考例句：With this marionette I wish to travel through the world.我希望带着这个木偶周游世界。The development of marionette had a great influence on the future development of opera.木偶戏的发展对以后的戏曲有十分重要的影响。4 stammering v.结巴地说出( stammer的现在分词 )参考例句：He betrayed nervousness by stammering. 他说话结结巴巴说明他胆子小。 来自《简明英汉词典》"Why," he said, actually stammering, "how do you do?" “哎呀，"他说，真的有些结结巴巴，"你好啊？” 来自英汉文学 - 嘉莉妹妹
"Who is talking?" asked Pinocchio, frozen with terror. "It is I, a poor Tunny swallowed by the Shark at thesame time as you. And what kind of a fish are you?""I have nothing to do with fishes. I am a Marionette.""If you are not a fish, why did you let this monster swallow you?""I didn't let him. He chased me and swallowed mewithout even a `by your leave'! And now what are weto do here in the dark?""Wait until the Shark has digested us both, I suppose.""But I don't want to be digested," shouted Pinocchio,starting to sob25. "Neither do I," said the Tunny, "but I am wise enoughto think that if one is born a fish, it is moredignified27to dieunder the water than in the frying pan.""What nonsense!" cried Pinocchio. "Mine is an opinion," replied the Tunny, "and opinionsshould be respected.""But I want to get out of this place. I want to escape.""Go, if you can!""Is this Shark that has swallowed us very long?" askedthe Marionette. "His body, not counting the tail, is almost a mile long."While talking in the darkness, Pinocchio thought hesaw a faint light in the distance. "What can that be?" he said to the Tunny. "Some other poor fish, waiting as patiently as we tobe digested by the Shark.""I want to see him. He may be an old fish and mayknow some way of escape.""I wish you all good luck, dear Marionette.""Good-by, Tunny.""Good-by, Marionette, and good luck.""When shall I see you again?""Who knows? It is better not to think about it." “说这话的是谁？”皮诺乔问，他只觉得人都吓惊了。 “是我！是一条可怜的金枪鱼，跟你一起被鲨鱼吞进来的。你是什么鱼？” “我跟鱼毫无关系。我是一个木偶。” “你不是鱼，怎么让这怪物吞了？” “不是我让它吞，是我被它吞了！咱们这会儿黑咕隆咚的怎么办？……” “咱们只好静静地等鲨鱼把咱俩给消化掉！……” “我可不情愿让它给消化掉！”皮诺乔叫起来，又开始哭了。 “我也不情愿它给消化掉，”金枪鱼接下去说，“可我地地道道是个哲学家，我想到我既然生下来是金枪鱼，那么死在水里总比死在油里更体面些，这么一想，我心里就感到舒坦些了……” “蠢话！”皮诺乔叫道。 “我这是一种意见，”金抢鱼回答说，“既然是意见，正如金枪鱼政治家说的, 就应当受到尊重！” “不管怎么说……我要离开这儿……我要逃走……” “只要办得到，你就逃走吧！……” “吞下咱们的这条鲨鱼很大很大吗？”木偶问道。 “你想象一下吧，他的身体有一公里长，尾巴还不算在内。” 他们在黑暗中正这么说着，皮诺乔觉得远远好像看见一点微弱的亮光。 “远远那点光是怎么回事?”皮诺乔问， “是咱们的一位患难伙伴，也像咱俩一样，在等着被消化！……” “我想去找找他，他会不会是一条老鱼，能指点我怎么逃出去呢？” “我衷心祝你成功，亲爱的木偶。” “再见，金枪鱼。” “再见，木偶，祝你幸运，” “咱们在哪儿再见？……” “谁知道？……最好还是别想这个吧！”27 dignified a.可敬的，高贵的参考例句：Throughout his trial he maintained a dignified silence. 在整个审讯过程中，他始终沉默以保持尊严。 He always strikes such a dignified pose before his girlfriend. 他总是在女友面前摆出这种庄严的姿态。
Today, we're going to return to a point we last covered in episode 27. Specifically, it seems that Ptolemy of Telmessus, the son of Lysimachus and Arsinoe II, is unlikely to have been elevated to co-king in Egypt. To find out why, we're going to have to uncover the life of the mysterious elder son of Ptolemy II and older brother of Ptolemy III, who had his shot at power before it all went wrong... Sources for this episode: 1) Bevan, E. R. (1927), The House of Ptolemy, London: Methuen Publishing. Available at: LascusCurtis [Accessed 08/02/2021]. 2) Grainger, J. D., (2014), The Rise of the Seleukid Empire (323- 223 BCE), Seleukos I to Seleukos III. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Books Ltd. (eBook) [Accessed 04/01/2021]. 3) Tunny, J. A. (2000), Ptolemy 'The Son' Reconsidered: Are there too Many Ptolemies? Zeitschrift fur Papyrologie und Epigraphik 131: 83-92. 4) Author unknown, Wikipedia (date unknown), 'Ptolemy II Philadelphus' (online) [Accessed 14/05/2021].
Georgie Tunny has never seen Planes, Trains and Automobiles....UNTIL NOW
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Join us for the first episode in April 2021! Which means it's Wrestlemania month as well as the beginning of Spring! This week we jump into NCAA, March Madness Final Four in both Men's & Women's basketball. Also this week MLB is back baby! The baseball diamonds are again open to the public and ready for the social distanced fans! NFL talk, and racing round out the beginning of the episode leading right into our special Eeez N Beez exclusive interview with Mark & Ben Tunny! No spoilers here! You will have to listen and enjoy!!! After that amazing interview we talk over some rassling that went down this past week with RMP's Never Broken PPV re-cap, SmackDown, Raw, Impact, NXT, & AEW Dynamite! Again just listen. Lastly we cover the business, shout-out's and Rep Yo City's Top 10! What are you doing to get your city to #1?!?!? Stay tuned and turn it up because it's Friday baby! Make sure you always....EAT YOUR BREAKFAST!!!Support the show (https://www.patreon.com/user?u=41702239&fan_landing=true)
This weeks episode is packed with 2 great interviews for episode # 24! First we got Mark Tunny, star Figure 8 driver out of Indy, racing this weekend at Showtime Speedway in Pinellas Park, FL. If you can't be there live you can watch it on LowBudgetTV.com! Next we talk with JK Pop the longest reining RMP tag-team champs, and get to know them a little better, and you can catch them this Saturday on Twitch RMP'S Charged tapings live!!! Will they still remain champs after Saturday? Stay tuned to Eddie B as he travels to the live RMP Charged taping events to find out!! After the interviews we go over the latest NFL news around the league, NCAA Top 10, and of course end with out special shout-out's and Top 10 Citie's this week? Did you help your city jump on our list?!?!? Thanks to all our wonderful listeners! Make sure to tell a friend and as always, don't forget to EAT YOUR BREAKFAST!!!!BTW Happy Caregivers Day, Mint/Chocolate Day, & Lash Day!Support the show (https://www.patreon.com/user?u=41702239&fan_landing=true)
Welcome to Quizzish! Mamamia's podcast that's about friends and facts and gin and trivia. Every week, host Kelly McCarren will be joined by two rivals who will go head to head to see who can become the Quizzish trivia champion. And the best thing? You can play along too. Today Kelly is joined by singer Rob Mills and sports journalist/ABC presenter, Georgie Tunny. They've spent lockdown together, but what happens when this couple goes head to head? HOW DO I PLAY? Quizzish is a game that can be played wherever you listen to your podcasts. Walking the dog. On a road trip. At a girls night on a speaker. Anywhere. HOW DOES IT WORK? There are three rounds, and inside every round, 3 games, and three questions per game. Kelly is going to ask questions, you write the answers down, then at the end of each game we'll have a score count and reveal who was right and who was wrong. For every correct answer, you'll get a point, for every incorrect answer, you'll get...well, nothing. WHAT WILL I NEED? Some paper, a pen or your best trivia voice. CREDITS: Quizzish is made possible by our partners at Gordon's Gin. Gordon's....Shall we? https://brand-au.shortlyst.com/gordons/14901 Fancy another competition? Take our 3 minute survey for your chance to win a $50 gift voucher by following this link: https://survey.alchemer.com/s3/5972174/Trivia-Survey-2020 Quizzish is hosted by Kelly McCarren https://www.instagram.com/kelly_mccarren/ With thanks to Rob Mills (@robmillsymills) & Georgie Tunny (@georgie_tunny) Quizzish is produced by Leah Porges & Emma Gillespie. The Executive Producers are Zoe Ferguson & Elissa Ratliff. GET IN TOUCH: Call the PodPhone on 02 8999 9386. Email the show at podcast@mamamia.com.au Quizzish is a podcast by Mamamia. Find more shows here.Support the show: https://www.mamamia.com.au/mplus/See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
Gene Tunny is a former official at the Australian Treasury. As an economist and director of Adept Economics, Gene is frequently sought for his views on economics and policy. In this interview Gene canvases a number of economic and tax issues ultimately settling on recommendations for a return to a cabinet-led, consensus approach to sound policy that is built on a multitude of counsel. -------------------------------------- Watch this episode on Youtube: https://youtu.be/vZjkWOLiDbc Listen to this episode: Follow Gene: linkedin.com/in/genetunny Gene's book ‘Beautiful One Day, Broke The Next': https://www.connorcourtpublishing.com.au/BEAUTIFUL-ONE-DAY-BROKE-THE-NEXT-Queensland%E2%80%99s-Public-Finances-since-Sir-Joh-and-Sir-Leo--Gene-Tunny_p_233.html -------------------------------------- 3:44 Ken Henry Tax Review: fundamental reform 4:44 Concept of buying reform 6:07 Resource rent tax vs royalties 8:36 Triumph and Demise: The broken promise of a Labor Generation 10:16 The difficulty of tax reform: States vs Federal 11:14 Stamp duty on properties 13:07 How do you get political reform through? 18:09 Marketing would help sell reforms 19:59 Are people interested in economics? 22:26 No limit to debt levels 23:40 Where is Aus going with its economic policy? 25:56 Inflation not spilling over into consumer prices 30:10 The difficulty to predict inflationary consequences 31:23 Can you create money for needs that arise? Modern Monetary theory is voodoo economics. 37:26 US health system vs Aus Medicare 39:31 What are views inside Treasury 43:39 Jobkeeper and the pitfalls of designing and implementing things quickly 45:07 Vaccine needed to reopen Australia 47:58 Fear helped Anna P win the elections 50:00 The cost of a QLD lockdown vs order closures 51:50 Justifications and evidence haven't been published for lockdowns and border closures 53:43 Anna Palaszczuk's 1st term and economic handling 1:00:24 Palasczuk just dominating MSM re: covid and her keeping Qld safe 1:03:37 Stockholm Syndrome supporting Dan Andrews and Palasczuk 1:06:53 ‘Beautiful one day, broke the next' Book about Qld debt 1:17:01 How would an economist run the states or Australia? 1:21:43 Predictions for the future
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On Liberty this week, Thursday, 17 September, we welcome Gene Tunny, Founder and Director of Adept Economics. Tunny, with co-author Ben Scott, has a forthcoming CIS paper: Rationalising Regulation: Helping the economy recover from the corona crisis. Regulatory constraints are impeding business growth and their removal or adjustment would yield large economic benefits. The relaxation of a range of restrictions to respond to the pandemic—e.g. around supermarket delivery times and the availability of liquor for takeaway—suggests governments can move quickly to eliminate or improve regulations. Join in the conversation live as host Salvatore Babones asks Gene what regulation is necessary to protect public health? What regulations should be lifted to assist the many struggling business owners? And what regulation amendments would have the biggest impact to the Australian economy?
Good day ladies and gentlemen, boys and girls and music lovers across the globe, today i welcome you all to the first episode of the Cha Cha Let's Talk Music Series on the Cha-Cha Music Review Podcast. On this episode, i featured Tunny Ogunnowo, the founder of Absolute Hearts Media and Digital Marketing Training Class (Nigeria Foremost Digital Agency) and we spoke about How the Digital Space helped the development of the Nigerian music industry. We also spoke about how upcoming artiste can take advantage of the Digital Space to blow themselves and a lot more gist. You can connect with Tunny Via @tunnyogunnowo on all social media platform. Remember you can always get to support the Cha-Cha Music Review Podcast by giving me a tip via https://useshukran.com/cr/hafeestonova Remember if you will like to be part of this series or you know anyone that will like to be part of it, simply send a mail to chachamusicpodcast@gmail.com --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/hafeestonova1/support
Good day ladies and gentlemen, boys and girls and music lovers across the globe, today i welcome you all to the first episode of the Cha Cha Let's Talk Music Series on the Cha-Cha Music Review Podcast. On this episode, i featured Tunny Ogunnowo, the founder of Absolute Hearts Media and Digital Marketing Training Class (Nigeria Foremost Digital Agency) and we spoke about How the Digital Space helped the development of the Nigerian music industry. We also spoke about how upcoming artiste can take advantage of the Digital Space to blow themselves and a lot more gist. You can connect with Tunny Via @tunnyogunnowo on all social media platform. Remember you can always get to support the Cha-Cha Music Review Podcast by giving me a tip via https://useshukran.com/cr/hafeestonova Remember if you will like to be part of this series or you know anyone that will like to be part of it, simply send a mail to chachamusicpodcast@gmail.com --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/hafeestonova1/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/hafeestonova1/support
That's one petty fish.--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/bedtime-in-public-domain/messageSupport this show http://supporter.acast.com/bedtime-in-the-public-domain. Our GDPR privacy policy was updated on August 8, 2022. Visit acast.com/privacy for more information.
That's one petty fish. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/bedtime-in-the-public-domain/message
We back! And it's not just Adam and Symon, but indeed power couple Rob 'Millsy' Mills and Georgie Tunny for Part 2 of our awesome chat.Then, Hot or Not Hot closes out the week – and Adam's been to see Joelsky aka the HotFather... but will it pay off? Has Joelsky been listening to his own segment? Time will tell.Subscribe, rate the show ⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️, leave a review, tell your friends and if you work at video store, do your mates a solid.
Sorry this one was a few hours late. I somehow forgot to schedule it after uploading.--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/bedtime-in-public-domain/messageSupport this show http://supporter.acast.com/bedtime-in-the-public-domain. Our GDPR privacy policy was updated on August 8, 2022. Visit acast.com/privacy for more information.
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History! Crack open the record books because for the first time, we're interviewing a real life couple (of legends) AT THE SAME TIME!#TripleThreat Rob Mills and #SwissArmyKnife Georgie Tunny are with us on this fine Wendy for an unreal chat about literally everything.Then, HNH/HoNH/HandNH/HNNH is back with, and this may come as a surprise, mixed results.Subscribe, rate the show ⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️, leave a review, tell your friends and send Signor Adamo some rollerblades so he can fit in on the streets of __________.
June 2020 This week we return for the last time to the Bill Tutte symposium that was held at Bletchley Park in 2017, the centenary of his birth. In this episode we bring you the closing address of the day given by our then Chairman, Sir John Scarlett. But before that we have the final speaker of the day, the BBC’s Security Correspondent, Gordon Corera, here for the first time in full. The work that Bill did at Bletchley Park would help lead to the creation of the cutting edge technology of the Colossus Computer. Therefore it was fitting that in his talk Gordon looked for the connecting threads between then and now, between maths and machines, computers and people. Image: ©Bletchley Park Trust 2020 #BPark, #WW2, #BletchleyPark, #Enigma, #Tunny
May 2020 We return in this episode to the Bill Tutte symposium that was held at Bletchley Park in 2017, on the centenary of his birth. Again we bring you one of the many talks given that day, but for the first time in full. Bill Tutte’s breaking of the Lorenz machine led to the Codebreakers at Bletchley Park being able to read the messages being sent between Hitler, the German High Command and the Generals in the field. In his talk our Research Historian Dr David Kenyon, looked at why this was so important to the Allied planners. Focusing specifically on how intelligence derived from Tunny decrypts played a role in D-Day, he asked the question “How Fishy was Ultra?” To find out even more about the work of The Western Front Committee and the planning for D-Day, why not go back and listen to Episode 88 The Tide of Victory, where we looked at this in even greater detail. Image: ©Bletchley Park Trust 2020 #BPark, #WW2, #BletchleyPark, #Enigma, #Tunny
May 2020 In this episode we stay with the attack on the Lorenz code that Bill Tutte played such an important part in, with a first-hand account. Captain Jerry Robert worked with Bill Tutte in The Testery cracking, what they called Tunny, the German High Commands code, used by Hitler & his top Generals. Jerry tells us what it was like to work in The Testery, why breaking Tunny was so important to the ultimate Allied victory and of his 3 Heroes of Bletchley Park. Jerry’s was the last of a day of talks held in 2012 as part of the celebrations of Alan Turing’s Centenary. The introduction is by Lord Charles Brocket who acted as master of ceremonies for the day. In memoriam, Captain Jerry Roberts MBE (1920-2014) Image: ©mcfontaine #BPark, #WW2, #BletchleyPark, #Enigma, #Lorenz, #Veteran
May 2020 In this episode we again return to the Bill Tutte symposium that was held at Bletchley Park in 2017, on the centenary of his birth. As a member of the Bill Tutte Memorial Fund Claire Butterfield had by 2017 spent 4 years campaigning for more recognition for the little-known mathematical genius. For the first time we can bring you Claire’s entire talk that opened the day and in it she explores Bill’s entire life and work. Image: ©Bletchley Park Trust 2020 #BPark, #WW2, #BletchleyPark, #Enigma, #Tunny
It's the final night of B.O.B. bar and the prosecco is flowing. Alex has 1 week to find out if he can take down the actual politicians at their own game, so we invite the heavy hitters of investigative journalism in to make sure he's prepared. One of them is on a national breakfast news tv show. The other made the top 12 of Australian Idol. Let's see how they go.
Comedian Alex Ward and ABC News Breakfast's Georgie Tunny are both from Brisbane, and Alex Dyson mock's them for it for 25 enjoyable minutes.
The annual "Crowtober" film retrospective is back, where Ivan and Michael watch the 1996 witchy teen horror The Craft. In which they discuss the history of Kraft foods, movie rape and racism in the 90's, the term "negroids" and the hot new game, "Is this LIVE or Our Lady Peace?"
September 2014 Professor Jack Copeland talks about ‘one of his greatest heroes’ Tommy Flowers, from his early life & career leading to working with the Bletchley Park Codebreakers. Jack explains the task faced when in mid-1942 the German High Command started to use a new encryption device, the Lorenz SZ40/42. The attack on Tunny, as it was dubbed by GC&CS, would involve some of the greatest codebreakers we had, Alan Turing, Bill Tutte & Max Newman. It would culminate in Tommy’s greatest achievement, the invention of Colossus, the world's first programmable electronic digital computer. The world would never be the same again. This talk was recorded at last year’s sell-out day of talks, Codebreakers’ Legacy. If you would like to attend a similar event in the Bletchley Park Presents series, then please go to http://www.bletchleypark.org.uk/ & look in the What’s On section. A rebuild of Colossus can be seen at The National Museum of Computing, a separate site on the grounds of Bletchley Park. Picture: ©shaunarmstrong/mubsta.com #BPark, #BletchleyPark, #Enigma, #Tunny, #WW2, #codebreaker, #mcfontaine, #TNMOC
March 2014 Captain Jerry Roberts MBE, one of Bletchley Park’s last Codebreakers, died this week at the age of 93. Jerry was one of the original members of The Testery working on cracking Tunny, the German High Commands code, used by Hitler & his top Generals. Their work warned the Russian’s of The Kursk Offensive, allowing them to defend until the Germans called off, what would be their last major offensive on the Eastern Front. Winston Churchill said “Stalingrad was the end of the beginning, but the Battle of Kursk was the beginning of the end”. In this Bletchley Park Podcast Extra, we bring you the interview we recorded at Jerry’s home, in February 2013 after being awarded an MBE. It is followed a short interview Katherine recorded on the day he received his MBE from Her Majesty The Queen. Sir John Scarlett KCMG OBE, Chairman, Bletchley Park Trust, paying tribute to Jerry said: “Captain Jerry Roberts MBE was a true gentleman and - to the last days of his long life - an outstanding ambassador for Bletchley Park. In World War 2 he was a key member of the team who deciphered the most secret communications of Hitler and his top commanders, work of incomparable importance for the outcome of the War. Unfailingly modest about his own achievements, he was committed to the end to achieving recognition for the work of his colleagues and the contribution of all those who worked at Bletchley Park. He will be greatly missed. Our thoughts are with his devoted wife, Mei." Picture: ©mubsta.com #bletchleypark, #bpark, #tunny, #ww2, #jerryroberts #wonder88
March 2013 This month, we hear from some of the veterans* who met Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Cornwall, when she came to Bletchley Park to learn about the contribution women here made to the war effort. Thanks to Jessica Cooper of BBC 3 Counties Radio for some audio clips. We’ll bring you reaction from senior cryptographer Captain Jerry Roberts after he met Her Majesty The Queen for the second time, as he received his MBE at Buckingham Palace. We look ahead at some upcoming events & we’ll hear from Bletchley Park guide & historian Joel Greenberg, about his new biography of Gordon Welchman. *The next EXTRA’s episode will feature the full versions of these interviews. Image: ©shaunarmstrong/mubsta.com #BPark, #JerryRoberts, #Tunny, #Enigma
February 2013 In this episode we have the full interview with Captain Jerry Roberts, who was today (28/02/13) awarded an MBE by Her Majesty The Queen in honour of his 4 year campaign for more recognition for Alan Turing, Bill Tutte and Tommy Flowers. Jerry shares with us what it was like to work in The Testery breaking coded messages from Hitler, his memories of “a great man” Bill Tutte, working as a War Crimes Investigator and setting up the first Marketing company in post war South America. Captain Roberts was one of four founding members of the Testery, named after its leader, Ralph Tester. This team was tasked with breaking Germany’s highest-level cipher system, Lorenz, known by the Codebreakers as Tunny. Captain Roberts worked in the Testery from its inception in October 1941, after Bill Tutte made the first break into the Lorenz system, until the end of the war in 1945. Read Katherine Lynch’s blog about Jerry’s visit to the palace http://bletchleypark.org.uk/news/docview.rhtm/686548 #Bletchleypark, #BPark, #Turing, #wonder88, #Tunny, #MBE
February 2013 This month we talk to Captain Jerry Roberts about being awarded an MBE and his 4 year campaign for more recognition for Alan Turing, Bill Tutte and Tommy Flowers. We have an update from CEO Iain Standen on the Heritage Lottery Funded restoration programme. Also, an exclusive interview with another Bletchley Park Veteran Nancy Jackson, who worked in the Newmanry, the section led by Alan Turing’s friend and mentor Max Newman. A message from mcfontaine This month’s episode has been late due to the death of my step-dad, Mick Chalkley. There was a really nice connection for me between Bletchley Park and Mick as during World War 2 he served in the Fleet Air Arm. A large part of which was on escort duty on amongst others, the Russian and Malta convoys. I explained to him the work that Bletchley Park did during the war, how by reading U-Boat Enigma traffic they could re-route convoys away from attack. This was something he didn’t know and like me, had no doubt that they must have helped to keep him safe and to live through the war. This episode is dedicated to his memory. Image: ©shaunarmstrong/mubsta.com #BPark, #JerryRoberts, #Tunny, #HLF
August 2012 Part 2 of the 2012 annual Turing Lecture which was given by Bletchley Park veteran Captain Jerry Roberts. including a Q&A from Jerry with Lord Charles Brocket. #Bpark, #ATY, #CaptJerryRoberts, #Tunny, #BletchleyPark
August 2012 Part 1 of the 2012 annual Turing Lecture which was given by Bletchley Park veteran Captain Jerry Roberts. Introduced by Lord Charles Brocket. #Bpark, #ATY, #CaptJerryRoberts, #Tunny, #BletchleyPark
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