Podcasts about topographic

TITLE: Pete Roos (Bridger Photonics) Revolutionizing Methane Detection Summary: In today's episode, Les speaks with Pete Roos, CEO of Bridger Photonics, discussing the company's journey and its photonics technology used for precise methane emission detection and topographic mapping. The discussion covers Pete's background, the founding of Bridger Photonics, its early challenges, and the evolution of its technology from topographic to gas mapping LiDAR. Les and Pete also touch on the environmental impact of BP's work, the oil and gas industry's response to their technology, and future opportunities for growth and expansion. Here's a closer look at the episode: Pete Roos, CEO of Bridger Photonics, shares his background and academic path leading to his role in the Bozeman-based company. Pete Gallatin County, where Bozeman and MSU are located, has the most photonics companies per capita in the US. Career path and entrepreneurship in the field of photonics. Australia as a transformative time for Pete. Laser technology and its applications in topographic LiDAR. The split of the company and its subsequent success. Successful entrepreneurship and innovation in the energy industry. How Bridger Photonics uses proprietary sensors to detect leaks in natural gas infrastructure. Methane detection and emission reduction in the oil and gas industry. Why Pete thinks being based in Bozeman helps with his company mission and culture. Resources: Website: https://www.bridgerphotonics.com/ Pete LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/peter-roos-66526510/ Bridger Photonics LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/bridger-photonics-inc/ Bridger Phtonics Twitter: https://twitter.com/BridgerPhotonic

TITLE: Pete Roos (Bridger Photonics) Revolutionizing Methane Detection Summary: In today's episode, Les speaks with Pete Roos, CEO of Bridger Photonics, discussing the company's journey and its photonics technology used for precise methane emission detection and topographic mapping. The discussion covers Pete's background, the founding of Bridger Photonics, its early challenges, and the evolution of its technology from topographic to gas mapping LiDAR. Les and Pete also touch on the environmental impact of BP's work, the oil and gas industry's response to their technology, and future opportunities for growth and expansion. Here's a closer look at the episode: Pete Roos, CEO of Bridger Photonics, shares his background and academic path leading to his role in the Bozeman-based company. Pete Gallatin County, where Bozeman and MSU are located, has the most photonics companies per capita in the US. Career path and entrepreneurship in the field of photonics. Australia as a transformative time for Pete. Laser technology and its applications in topographic LiDAR. The split of the company and its subsequent success. Successful entrepreneurship and innovation in the energy industry. How Bridger Photonics uses proprietary sensors to detect leaks in natural gas infrastructure. Methane detection and emission reduction in the oil and gas industry. Why Pete thinks being based in Bozeman helps with his company mission and culture. Resources: Website: https://www.bridgerphotonics.com/ Pete LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/peter-roos-66526510/ Bridger Photonics LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/bridger-photonics-inc/ Bridger Phtonics Twitter: https://twitter.com/BridgerPhotonic

Dedicated Episode Page: https://tro.bike/?p=32611Music by Otis McDonald (https://otismacmusic.com/)Who knew a conversation about sport touring motorcycle travel could offer such an eclectic range of topics? Everything from shiny chrome to the tactile pleasures derived from a liberal application of 1000 tiny elves on your giblets. Nope, we're not some obscure Icelandic choir group. It's just poor Brian's metaphor for personal care products. Sit tight (or pretty) folks. You're in for quite the wild ride with Uncle Fester, err ... Brian.Things heat up as geography takes center stage. Virginia? Love it. Topographic views? Gimme more! We zoom over mountains and ridges faster than you can say "vertigo-inducing motorcycle rides" (remember to pack your tiny elf-infused saddle oil). As Robin chimes in about east and west being fair game, we're left wondering whether they've forgotten there is indeed a north and south.Deep dive into this motorcycling extravaganza en route to serious discussions around human toolkits, safety measures (Instagram isn't ideal for learning advanced biking tips), group dynamics during rides, rules of passing, and intriguing accounts featuring "that guy". Apparently, everyone has ridden with him and he often strangely finds keys and/or rocks in tires. Surely, these survival skills were passed down by ancient moto-warriors. Get ready to nod along through one road-traffic-anarchy of an episode.

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.03.06.531292v1?rss=1 Authors: Larsen, L. E., Caestecker, S., Stevens, L., van Mierlo, P., Carrette, E., Boon, P., Vonck, K., Raedt, R. Abstract: The locus coeruleus (LC), a brainstem nucleus, is the sole source of noradrenaline in the neocortex, hippocampus and cerebellum. Noradrenaline is a powerful neuromodulator involved in the regulation of excitability and plasticity of large-scale brain networks. In this study, we assessed the activity of locus coeruleus neurons and changes in noradrenergic transmission during acute hippocampal seizures evoked with perforant path stimulation. LC neurons were recorded in anesthetized rats using a multichannel electrophysiology probe and were identified based on electrophysiological characteristics or optogenetic tagging. The majority of LC neurons (55%) were inhibited during seizures, while only a subset of LC neurons (28%) was excited during seizures. Topographic analysis of multi-unit activity showed anatomical separation of neurons that were excited and inhibited during seizures. Changes in hippocampal noradrenaline transmission during seizures were assessed using a fluorescent biosensor for noradrenaline, GRABNE2m, in combination with fiber photometry in both anesthetized and awake rats. Our results indicate that acute electrically evoked hippocampal seizures are associated with strong changes in LC unit activity and strong and consistent time-locked release of noradrenaline. Understanding the role of mass release of noradrenaline during hippocampal seizures is likely to be important to understand seizure pathophysiology. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.12.25.521904v1?rss=1 Authors: Shi, L., Woodward, A., Igarashi, J. Abstract: Spatial features of connections, such as topography and divergence/convergence, reflect the information-processing mechanisms crucial for understanding and modeling the brain. However, this has not yet been comprehensively investigated. Using diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging (dMRI) data, we developed a topographic factor (TF) and divergence/convergence factor (DC) to quantitatively explore the spatial connectivity patterns of one entire hemisphere of the human cerebral cortex. In the analysis, the early sensory areas, which are located far away from the center of the cerebral cortex, exhibited high topographic connectivity. In contrast, the limbic system, which is located proximal to the center, showed high divergence/convergence in two types of connectivity: one region to another region at the region-to-region level, and one region to all other regions at the global level. Topography had anti-correlation with divergence/convergence over the cerebral cortex, and the two types of divergence/convergence displayed positive correlation with each other. These results suggest that topographic and divergent/convergent connectivity are spatially organized with respect to cytoarchitecture over the cerebral cortex to optimize energy efficiency and information transfer performance in the cerebral cortex. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.09.06.506403v1?rss=1 Authors: Doshi, F. R., Konkle, T. Abstract: The object-responsive cortex of the visual system has a highly systematic topography, with a macro-scale organization related to animacy and the real-world size of objects, and embedded meso-scale regions with strong selectivity for a handful of object categories. Here, we use self-organizing principles to learn a topographic representation of the data manifold of a deep neural network representational space. We find that a smooth mapping of this representational space showed many brain-like motifs, with (i) large-scale organization of animate vs. inanimate and big vs. small response preferences, supported by (ii) feature tuning related to textural and coarse form information, with (iii) naturally emerging face- and scene-selective regions embedded in this larger-scale organization. While some theories of the object-selective cortex posit that these differently tuned regions of the brain reflect a collection of distinctly specified functional modules, the present work provides computational support for an alternate hypothesis that the tuning and topography of the object-selective cortex reflects a smooth mapping of a unified representational space. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by PaperPlayer

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.09.01.505675v1?rss=1 Authors: Nielsen, J. D., Puonti, O., Xue, R., Thielscher, A., Madsen, H. H. Abstract: Generating realistic volume conductor models for forward calculations in electroencephalography is not trivial and several factors contribute to the accuracy of such models, two of which are its anatomical accuracy and the accuracy with which electrode positions are known. Here, we investigate effects of anatomical accuracy by comparing forward solutions from SimNIBS, a tool which allows state-of-the-art anatomical modeling, with well-established pipelines in MNE-Python and FieldTrip. We also compare different ways of specifying electrode locations when digitized positions are not available such as transformation of measured positions from standard space and transformation of a manufacturer layout. Substantial effects of anatomical accuracy were seen throughout the entire brain both in terms of field topography and magnitude with SimNIBS generally being more accurate than the pipelines in MNE-Python and FieldTrip. Topographic and magnitude effects were particularly pronounced for MNE-Python which uses a three-layer boundary element model. We attribute these mainly to differences in skull and cerebrospinal fluid modeling. Effects of electrode specification method were evident in occipital and posterior areas when using a transformed manufacturer layout whereas transforming measured positions from standard space generally resulted in smaller errors. We suggest modeling the anatomy of the volume conductor as accurately possible and we hope to facilitate this by making it easy to export simulations from SimNIBS to MNE-Python and FieldTrip for further analysis. Likewise, if digitized electrode positions are not available, a set of measured positions on a standard head template may be preferable to those specified by the manufacturer. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by PaperPlayer

Guest of this appointment is Gonça Pasolar, co-founder with Emre Arolat of EAA-Emre Arolat Architecture, one of the most renowned firm of Turkey, Istanbul-based, with offices in London and New York. The practice, characterized by a wide range of realisations from urban masterplans, airports to residential, cultural buildings and workplaces, has been acknowledged with prestigious recognitions as the Aga Khan Award for Architecture, the RIBA International Excellence, selected by the Mies van der Rohe Award. Gonça has received the European Center for Architecture's 40 under 40 award and the nominee for one of the five AJ's Women Architects of the Year Award in 2015. Our conversation, after indulging on the beginning of the practice, focused on İpekyol Textile Factory, winner of the Aga Khan Architecture Award 2010, project attesting an innovative will for a more democratic architectural approach towards environment and people's well-being. EAA urban residential projects, re-proposing with contemporaneous terms the soul of a tradition, and the great number of summer residences and resorts, sharing a common genetic with the amazing environment where they are located along the coast, represent another occasion of reflection.Topographic context, respected in its natural morphology, generates developments of great fascination as Sancaklar Mosque, a special project, very courageous, in its unconventionality and extremely sincere gesture. Deterrents can sometimes be transformed into opportunities for extremely interesting, original solutions, as the Museum Hotel Antakya, conceived suspended a few meters above remarkable archeological findings. Homage to industrial heritage is another challenging and fascinating aspect of their work and America has recently opened to them the chance of a new adventure.

#tvae #topographic #equivariant Variational Autoencoders model the latent space as a set of independent Gaussian random variables, which the decoder maps to a data distribution. However, this independence is not always desired, for example when dealing with video sequences, we know that successive frames are heavily correlated. Thus, any latent space dealing with such data should reflect this in its structure. Topographic VAEs are a framework for defining correlation structures among the latent variables and induce equivariance within the resulting model. This paper shows how such correlation structures can be built by correctly arranging higher-level variables, which are themselves independent Gaussians. OUTLINE: 0:00 - Intro 1:40 - Architecture Overview 6:30 - Comparison to regular VAEs 8:35 - Generative Mechanism Formulation 11:45 - Non-Gaussian Latent Space 17:30 - Topographic Product of Student-t 21:15 - Introducing Temporal Coherence 24:50 - Topographic VAE 27:50 - Experimental Results 31:15 - Conclusion & Comments Paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/2109.01394 Code: https://github.com/akandykeller/topog... Abstract: In this work we seek to bridge the concepts of topographic organization and equivariance in neural networks. To accomplish this, we introduce the Topographic VAE: a novel method for efficiently training deep generative models with topographically organized latent variables. We show that such a model indeed learns to organize its activations according to salient characteristics such as digit class, width, and style on MNIST. Furthermore, through topographic organization over time (i.e. temporal coherence), we demonstrate how predefined latent space transformation operators can be encouraged for observed transformed input sequences -- a primitive form of unsupervised learned equivariance. We demonstrate that this model successfully learns sets of approximately equivariant features (i.e. "capsules") directly from sequences and achieves higher likelihood on correspondingly transforming test sequences. Equivariance is verified quantitatively by measuring the approximate commutativity of the inference network and the sequence transformations. Finally, we demonstrate approximate equivariance to complex transformations, expanding upon the capabilities of existing group equivariant neural networks. Authors: T. Anderson Keller, Max Welling Links: TabNine Code Completion (Referral): http://bit.ly/tabnine-yannick YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/c/yannickilcher Twitter: https://twitter.com/ykilcher Discord: https://discord.gg/4H8xxDF BitChute: https://www.bitchute.com/channel/yann... Minds: https://www.minds.com/ykilcher Parler: https://parler.com/profile/YannicKilcher LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/ykilcher BiliBili: https://space.bilibili.com/1824646584 If you want to support me, the best thing to do is to share out the content :) If you want to support me financially (completely optional and voluntary, but a lot of people have asked for this): SubscribeStar: https://www.subscribestar.com/yannick... Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/yannickilcher Bitcoin (BTC): bc1q49lsw3q325tr58ygf8sudx2dqfguclvngvy2cq Ethereum (ETH): 0x7ad3513E3B8f66799f507Aa7874b1B0eBC7F85e2 Litecoin (LTC): LQW2TRyKYetVC8WjFkhpPhtpbDM4Vw7r9m Monero (XMR): 4ACL8AGrEo5hAir8A9CeVrW8pEauWvnp1WnSDZxW7tziCDLhZAGsgzhRQABDnFy8yuM9fWJDviJPHKRjV4FWt19CJZN9D4n

OpenTopography provides community access to high-resolution, topography data, related tools, and resources ... FOR FREE!   OpenTopograhy.org   Sponsored by Regrid.com Leading provider of land parcels and location context data for your maps, apps, and spatial analysis.   Remember to Subscribe :)  Share this podcast with a friend! Join the email list https://mapscaping.com/podcast Happy to connect with you on LinkedIn https://www.linkedin.com/in/danielodonohue/ Or Twitter https://twitter.com/MapScaping

Watch the new season of MinuteBody - and get access to both CuriosityStream and Nebula - at https://curiositystream.com/minuteearth. People all around the world tend to represent time via space, but there's no consensus on which way time goes. PREORDER OUR FIRST BOOK (out October 12th): DTFBA (get SUPER-cool book bundles here!): https://store.dftba.com/collections/minuteearth Amazon - http://bit.ly/MinuteEarthExplains Bookshop.org - http://bit.ly/MinuteEarthexplains Barnes and Noble - http://bit.ly/Minuteearthexplains Indigo (Canada)- http://bit.ly/MinuteearthExplains SUPPORT MINUTEEARTH ************************** If you like what we do, you can help us!: - Become our patron: https://patreon.com/MinuteEarth - Share this video with your friends and family - Leave us a comment (we read them!) CREDITS ********* Kate Yoshida | Script Writer, Narrator and Director Sarah Berman (@sarahjberman) | Illustration, Video Editing and Animation Nathaniel Schroeder | Music MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC https://neptunestudios.info OUR STAFF ************ Sarah Berman • Arcadi Garcia i Rius David Goldenberg • Julián Gustavo Gómez Melissa Hayes • Alex Reich • Henry Reich • Peter Reich Ever Salazar • Leonardo Souza • Kate Yoshida OUR LINKS ************ Youtube | https://youtube.com/MinuteEarth TikTok | https://tiktok.com/@minuteearth Twitter | https://twitter.com/MinuteEarth Instagram | https://instagram.com/minute_earth Facebook | https://facebook.com/Minuteearth Website | https://minuteearth.com Apple Podcasts| https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/minuteearth/id649211176 REFERENCES ************** Bergen, B. K. & Lau, T. T. C. (2012) Writing direction affects how people map space onto time. Frontiers in Psychology 3:109. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00109/full Boroditsky, L. (2000). Metaphoric Structuring: Understanding time through spatial metaphors. Cognition, 75(1), 1-28. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0010027799000736 Casasanto, D. & Boroditsky, L. (2008). Time in the mind: Using space to think about time. Cognition 106 (2):579-593 http://lera.ucsd.edu/papers/duration-cognition-2008.pdf Majid, A., Gaby, A., & Boroditsky, L. (2013). Time in terms of space. Frontiers in Psychology, 4: 554. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00554/full Núñez, R., Cooperrider, K., Doan, D., & Wassmann, J. (2012). Contours of time: Topographic construals of past, present, and future in the Yupno valley of Papua New Guinea. Cognition, 124(1), 25– 35. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0010027712000571

Zoom out for perspective & cinch your world up. Take care of yourself. (

Hour 2 We discuss the shooting in Arvada, and the media's expectations as the story unfolded. Audio from WGIG-AM and FM in Brunswick, GA

References:1.Sarrafian SK. Sarrafian's Anatomy of theFoot and Ankle Descriptive, Topographic, Functional. third ed2011.2.Edama M, Takabayashi T, Inai T, Kikumoto T, Hirabayashi R, Ito W, et al. The relationships between the quadratus plantae and the flexor digitorum longus and the flexor hallucis longus. Surg Radiol Anat. 2019;41(6):689-92.3.Willegger M, Seyidova N, Schuh R, Windhager R, Hirtler L. The tibialis posterior tendon footprint: an anatomical dissection study. J Foot Ankle Res. 2020;13(1):25.4.Hallinan J, Wang W, Pathria MN, Smitaman E, Huang BK. The peroneus longus muscle and tendon: a review of its anatomy and pathology. Skeletal Radiol. 2019;48(9):1329-44.5.Vazquez-Zorrilla D, Millan-Alanis JM, Alvarez-Villalobos NA, Elizondo-Omana RE, Guzman-Lopez S, Vilchez-Cavazos JF, et al. Anatomy of foot Compartments: a systematic review. Ann Anat. 2020;229:151465.6.Faymonville C, Andermahr J, Seidel U, Muller LP, Skouras E, Eysel P, et al. Compartments of the foot: topographic anatomy. Surg Radiol Anat. 2012;34(10):929-33.7.Hernandez-Diaz C, Saavedra MA, Navarro-Zarza JE, Canoso JJ, Villasenor-Ovies P, Vargas A, et al. Clinical anatomy of the ankle and foot. Reumatol Clin. 2012;8 Suppl 2:46-52.8.Ling ZX, Kumar VP. The myofascial compartments of the foot: a cadaver study. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2008;90(8):1114-8.9.Kirby KA. Longitudinal Arch Load-sharing System of the Foot. Rev Esp Podol. 2017;28:e18.

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.11.293381v1?rss=1 Authors: Marriott, B. A., Do, A. D., Zahacy, R., Jackson, J. Abstract: The claustrum is densely connected to the cortex and participates in brain functions such as attention and sleep. Although some studies have reported the widely divergent organization of claustrum projections, others describe parallel claustrocortical connections to different cortical regions. Therefore, the details underlying how claustrum neurons broadcast information to cortical networks remain incompletely understood. Using multicolor retrograde tracing we determined the density, topography, and co-projection pattern of fourteen claustrocortical pathways, in mice. We spatially registered these pathways to a common coordinate space and found that the claustrocortical system is topographically organized as a series of overlapping spatial modules, continuously distributed across the dorsoventral claustrum axis. The claustrum core projects predominantly to frontal-midline cortical regions, whereas the dorsal and ventral shell project to the cortical motor system and temporal lobe, respectively. Anatomically connected cortical regions receive common input from a subset of claustrum neurons shared by neighboring modules, whereas spatially separated regions of cortex are innervated by different claustrum modules. Therefore, each output module exhibits a unique position within the claustrum and overlaps substantially with other modules projecting to functionally related cortical regions. Claustrum inhibitory cells containing parvalbumin, somatostatin, and neuropeptide Y also show unique topographical distributions, suggesting different output modules are controlled by distinct inhibitory circuit motifs. The topographic organization of excitatory and inhibitory cell types may enable parallel claustrum outputs to independently coordinate distinct cortical networks. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info

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Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.30.228403v1?rss=1 Authors: Knapen, T. Abstract: The human visual system is organized as a hierarchy of maps that share the retina's topography. Although retinotopic maps have been identified throughout the brain, how much of the brain is visually organized remains unknown. Here we demonstrate widespread stable visual organization beyond the traditional visual system by analyzing topographic connectivity with primary visual cortex during moviewatching, rest, and retinotopic mapping. Detailed visual-spatial organization derived from retinotopic connectivity is modulated by experimental condition. Specifically, traditionally visual regions alternate with default mode network and hippocampus in preferentially representing the center of the visual field. This visual role of hippocampus would allow it to implement sensory predictions by interfacing between abstract memories and concrete perceptions. These results indicate that pervasive sensory coding facilitates the communication between far-flung brain regions. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.14.196055v1?rss=1 Authors: Zhang, K. Y., Tuffy, C., Mertz, J. L., Quillen, S., Wechsler, L., Quigley, H. A., Zack, D. J., Johnson, T. V. Abstract: Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) replacement and optic nerve regeneration hold potential for restoring vision lost to optic neuropathy. Following transplantation, RGCs must integrate into the neuroretinal circuitry in order to receive afferent visual signals for processing and transmission to central targets. To date, the efficiency of RGC retinal integration following transplantation has been limited. We sought to characterize spontaneous interactions between transplanted human embryonic stem cell-derived RGCs and the recipient mature mammalian retina, and to identify and overcome barriers to the structural integration of transplanted neurons. Using an in vitro model system, following transplantation directly onto the inner surface of organotypic mouse retinal explants, human RGC somas form compact clusters and extend bundled neurites that remain superficial to the neural retinal tissue, hindering any potential for afferent synaptogenesis. To enhance integration, we explored methods to increase the cellular permeability of the internal limiting membrane (ILM). Digestion of extracellular matrix components using proteolytic enzymes was titrated to achieve disruption of the ILM while minimizing retinal toxicity and preserving endogenous retinal glial reactivity. Such ILM disruption is associated with dispersion rather than clustering of transplanted RGC bodies and neurites, and with a marked increase in transplanted RGC neurite extension into retinal parenchyma. The ILM appears to be a barrier to afferent retinal connectivity by transplanted RGCs and its circumvention may be necessary for successful functional RGC replacement through transplantation. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.12.198440v1?rss=1 Authors: Mai M Morimoto, Emi Uchishiba, Aman B Saleem Abstract: Context dependent top-down modulation in visual processing has been a topic of wide interest. Recent findings on context dependent modulation, combined with the tools available to investigate network mechanisms in the mouse, make the mouse primary visual cortex an ideal system to investigate context-dependent modulation. However, the distribution of inputs to V1 from across the brain is still relatively unknown. In this study, we investigate inputs to V1 by injecting cholera toxin B subunit (CTB), a retrograde tracer, across the extent of V1. To identify CTB labelled cell bodies and quantify their distribution across various brain regions, we developed a software pipeline that maps each labelled cell body to its corresponding brain region. We found over fourteen brain regions that provided inputs to V1. Higher visual areas (HVAs) provided the most inputs to V1, followed by the retrosplenial, cingulate, and other sensory cortices. As our injections spanned a range of coordinates along the mediolateral axis of V1, we asked if there was any topographic organisation of inputs to V1: do particular areas project preferentially to specific regions of V1. Based on the distribution of inputs from different HVAs, injection sites broadly clustered into two groups, consistent with a retinotopic separation into sites within the central visual field and the peripheral visual field. Furthermore, the number of cells detected in HVAs was correlated to the azimuthal retinotopic location of each injection site. This topographic organization of feedback projections along the medio-lateral axis of V1 suggests that V1 cells representing peripheral vs central visual fields are differentially modulated by HVAs, which may have an ethological relevance for a navigating animal.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.09.185116v1?rss=1 Authors: Hyodong Lee, Eshed Margalit, Kamila M. Jozwik, Michael A. Cohen, Nancy Kanwisher, Daniel L. K. Yamins, James J. DiCarlo Abstract: A salient characteristic of monkey inferior temporal (IT) cortex is the IT face processing network. Its hallmarks include: “face neurons” that respond more to faces than non-face objects, strong spatial clustering of those neurons in foci at each IT anatomical level (“face patches”), and the preferential interconnection of those foci. While some deep artificial neural networks (ANNs) are good predictors of IT neuronal responses, including face neurons, they do not explain those face network hallmarks. Here we ask if they might be explained with a simple, metabolically motivated addition to current ANN ventral stream models. Specifically, we designed and successfully trained topographic deep ANNs (TDANNs) to solve real-world visual recognition tasks (as in prior work), but, in addition, we also optimized each network to minimize a proxy for neuronal wiring length within its IT layers. We report that after this dual optimization, the model IT layers of TDANNs reproduce the hallmarks of the IT face network: the presence of face neurons, clusters of face neurons that quantitatively match those found in IT face patches, connectivity between those patches, and the emergence of face viewpoint invariance along the network hierarchy. We find that these phenomena emerge for a range of naturalistic experience, but not for highly unnatural training. Taken together, these results show that the IT face processing network could be a consequence of a basic hierarchical anatomy along the ventral stream, selection pressure on the visual system to accomplish general object categorization, and selection pressure to minimize axonal wiring length.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.View Full Text Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.08.179978v1?rss=1 Authors: Peng Liu, Anastasia Chrysidou, Juliane Doehler, Thomas Wolbers, Esther Kuehn Abstract: Topographic maps are a fundamental feature of cortex architecture in the mammalian brain. One common theory is that the de-differentiation of topographic maps links to impairments in everyday behavior due to less precise functional map readouts. Here, we tested this theory by characterizing de-differentiated topographic maps in primary somatosensory cortex (SI) of younger and older adults by means of ultra-high resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging together with perceptual finger individuation and hand dexterity. Older adults' SI maps showed similar amplitude, size, and levels of stimulus-related noise than younger adults' SI maps, but presented with less representational similarity between distant fingers. Larger population receptive field sizes in older adults' maps did not correlate with behavior, whereas reduced cortical distances related to better hand dexterity. Our data uncover the drawbacks of a simple de-differentiation model of topographic map function, and motivate the introduction of a feature-based model of cortical reorganization.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.View Full Text Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info

Nick teaches a GEOL 101 LAB lesson on topographic maps.

Nick teaches a GEOL 101 LAB lesson on topographic maps.

Damon Baz Redd, founder of Kind Design, creates Colorado inspired clothing, gear and apparel. Hamish sat down with Damon to talk about how he's growing his eCommerce-based business, what's next as he branches into new markets with custom topographic ties, and how a disaster can lead to new opportunities.

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YES-Topographic Drama Produced by Michel Arsenault, Wayne Hall, Preston Frazier and Bill Govier. We had the absolute pleasure of welcoming Yes keyboard player Geoff Downes onto the show this week to talk about the forthcoming #Yes50 celebrations and the wonderful, new Topographic Drama - Live Across America album. Geoff shares his thoughts on the inclusion of Tony Kaye in the concerts on the 50th Anniversary tour and how he expects it to work. We also listen in depth to the new live album and share our thoughts on that. What does the new album sound like? What are the performances like? How does Geoff see the Tony Kaye special guest situation working? Listen to the episode then let us know what you think! Become a YMP Patron! If you would like to support the Yes Music Podcast, there is a Patreon page where you can sign up. The iOS YMP app! Download it here. The Android YMP app! Download it here. Karl Hilstrom's Alan White video: https://youtu.be/5dmWBzgDvio Dave Watkinson’s Olias portrait: Jon Anderson Olias Portrait Show notes and links Get your Yes 50th Anniversary free pass here Join the 50th Anniversary Facebook group here YMP patrons: Preston Frazier | Bill Govier | Wayne Hall | Michel Arsenault ... Joseph Cottrell | Jeffrey Crecelius | Michael O'Connor | Paul Tomei | Geoffrey Mason | Lobate Scarp | Fergus Cubbage | Robert Nasir | Steve Dill ... Paul Wilson | Jamie McQuinn | Miguel Falcão | Ken Fuller | David Pannell | Brian Sullivan | Joost Doesburg | Jeremy North | Tim Stannard | David Watkinson | Steve Roehr | Geoff Baillie | William Hayes ... Robert Please subscribe! If you are still listening to the podcast on the website, please consider subscribing so you don’t risk missing anything. You can subscribe with an RSS reader, with iTunes, with the iOS Podcasts app, via email updates, via www.stitcher.com on Spreaker.com or via Tunein.com. Theme music The music I use is the last movement of Stravinsky's Firebird Suite. This has been used as introduction music at many Yes concerts. My theme music is not take from a live concert - I put it together from the following two creative commons sources: thanvannispen and archive.org

Topographic features on rubble pile asteroids are produced in a novel way.

Topographic features on rubble pile asteroids are produced in a novel way.

Topographic data is some of the most sought after information that can be generated by drones. To ultimately derive this data, terrain contours, point clouds, and digital surface models are created using software like Pix4D and Autodesk Civil 3D. Mark Blacklin is Data Integration and CAD Supervisor at CGRS, a Colorado-based construction, engineering, and compliance service company that serves the petroleum industry. Mark and Ian discuss the complexities of high precision drone missions, drone hardware and software, GPS systems used (RTK, check points), tips for setting ground control points, and what types of deliverables high-end clients expect.

Last episode I asked for a bunch more charity donors to ask questions, and you all sure did! Let's get to answering some!This is an audio version of Far Lands or Bust #564: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lln4kim2TnoDonate to the FLoB Child's Play Charity fundraiser at http://farlandsorbust.com!This series is presented commercial-free thanks to support from fans at Patreon: http://patreon.com/kurtjmacIntroduction provided by Phedran: http://phedran.comMusic: "Go Cart" by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

This post was kindly inspired by Dr. Sébastien Barré, Institute of Topographic and Clinical Anatomy, University of Berne, Switzerland. Enjoy an impressing baby! We offer a Holographic 3D video of an unborn, 32-weeks young, healthy and lovely baby imaged with 3D ultrasound and enhanced with a special GCM-denoising filter (GygerCattinMaloca). The images are obtained with 3D ultrasound from a baby and freed from speckle-noise that may degrade the image quality. Speckle-noise may be a problem in a lot of medical imaging systems like ultrasound (US), computer tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or optical coherence tomography (OCT). In our OCT research laboratory (OCTlab) at the University of Basel, Switzerland, we developed a special filter to free a medical imaging volume from speckle-noise.   Take some minutes to produce your own HoloDevice using a simple transparent foil (view template) and put it on your tablet, darken the room. Have fun of  your vision! Dr. med. Peter Maloca Luzern &  University of Basel, Switzerland   View HoloBaby (best in a dark room on your tablet with your own built HoloDevice): Making View BabyHolo:   Instruction for making your own BioHoloDevice from a transparent foil. Best impression is obtained in a dark room using a tablet (or mobile), look at the moving baby from the side. Download BioHoloTemplate for iPad (jpg): Download BioHoloTemplate for iPad (PDF): > Holodevice Template iPad.   Copyright ©2015 GETOCT™ Ltd. All rights reserved.      

How to make a topographic profile, the first step to making a geologic cross section, using both traditional methods and Google Earth. Vertical exaggeration is covered as well.

This lab will test your ability to apply what is discussed in the first 9 episodes of Earth Explorations.

On this episode of BRAIN MATTERS, Matt and Dr. Alyssa Brewer talk about her research in visual neuroscience and her unique path to becoming a scientist.

On this episode of BRAIN MATTERS, Matt and Dr. Alyssa Brewer talk about her research in visual neuroscience and her unique path to becoming a scientist.

In this doctoral thesis, several aspects of information integration and learning in neural systems are investigated at the levels of single neurons, networks, and perception. In the first study presented here, we asked the question of how contextual, multiplicative interactions can be mediated in single neurons by the physiological mechanisms available in the brain. Multiplicative interactions are omnipresent in the nervous system and although a wealth of possible mechanisms were proposed over the last decades, the physiological origin of multiplicative interactions in the brain remains an open question. We investigated permissive gating as a possible multiplication mechanism. We proposed an integrate-and-fire model neuron that incorporates a permissive gating mechanism and investigated the model analytically and numerically due to its abilities to realize multiplication between two input streams. The applied gating mechanism realizes multiplicative interactions of firing rates on a wide range of parameters and thus provides a feasible model for the realization of multiplicative interactions on the single neuron level. In the second study we asked the question of how gaze-invariant representations of visual space can develop in a self-organizing network that incorporates the gating model neuron presented in the first study. To achieve a stable representation of our visual environment our brain needs to transform the representation of visual stimuli from a retina-centered coordinate system to a frame of reference that is independent of changes in gaze direction. In the network presented here, receptive fields and gain fields organized in overlayed topographic maps that reflected the spatio-temporal statistics of the training input stream. Topographic maps supported a gaze-invariant representation in an output layer when the network was trained with natural input statistics. Our results show that gaze-invariant representations of visual space can be learned in an unsupervised way by a biologically plausible network based on the spatio-temporal statistics of visual stimulation and eye position signals under natural viewing conditions. In the third study we investigated psychophysically the effect of a three day meditative Zen retreat on tactile abilities of the finger tips. Here, meditators strongly altered the statistics of their attentional focus by focussing sustained attention on their right index finger for hours. Our data shows that sustained sensory focussing on a particular body part, here the right index finger, significantly affects tactile acuity indicating that merely changing the statistics of the attentional focus without external stimulation or training can improve tactile acuity. In the view of activity-dependent plasticity that is outlined in this thesis, the main driving force for development and alterations of neural representations is nothing more than neural activity itself. Patterns of neural activity shape our brains during development and significant changes in the patterns of neural activity inevitably change mature neural representations. At the same time, the patterns of neural activity are formed by environmental sensory inputs as well as by contextual, multiplicative inputs like gaze-direction or by internally generated signals like the attentional focus. In this way, our environments as well as our inner mental states shape our neural representations and our perception at any time.

Purpose: To introduce the scanning laser ophthalmoscope-evoked mfERG (SLO-mfERG) as a new method to measure focal retinal function. Methods: Sixty-two healthy individuals and 12 patients with Best's disease were examined. mfERGs were recorded using a scanning laser ophthalmoscope as a stimulator and trigger device (He-Neon 632.8 nm) as well as a fundus-monitoring system (infrared 730 nm). Results: Amplitudes in the central concentric area were found to be significantly lower in patients with Best's disease than in healthy controls, while no significant differences were found for the more peripheral areas. Conclusion: SLO-mfERG is a reliable new technique for topographic mapping of retinal function under simultaneous control of fixation.

THM-grown PbTe and PbTe: Tl were examined near the (n, - n)-position by means of X-ray double crystal arrangement. The half-width of the rocking curves of Tl doped PbTe is larger than that of undoped PbTe by factor two. Long range and local lattice plane distortions, as well as disturbances induced during preparation, in the from of dislocation slip lines and greatly disoriented areas were observed.

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.11.037333v1?rss=1 Authors: Timaeus, L., Geid, L., Sancer, G., Wernet, M. F., Hummel, T. Abstract: One hallmark of the visual system is the strict retinotopic organization from the periphery towards the central brain, spanning multiple layers of synaptic integration. Recent Drosophila studies on the computation of distinct visual features have shown that retinotopic representation is often lost beyond the optic lobes, due to convergence of columnar neuron types onto optic glomeruli. Nevertheless, functional imaging revealed a spatially accurate representation of visual cues in the central complex (CX), raising the question how this is implemented on a circuit level. By characterizing the afferents to a specific visual glomerulus, the anterior optic tubercle (AOTU), we discovered a spatial segregation of topographic versus non-topographic projections from molecularly distinct classes of medulla projection neurons (medullo-tubercular, or MeTu neurons). Distinct classes of topographic versus non-topographic MeTus form parallel channels, terminating in separate AOTU domains. Both types then synapse onto separate matching topographic fields of tubercular-bulbar (TuBu) neurons which relay visual information towards the dendritic fields of central complex ring neurons in the bulb neuropil, where distinct bulb sectors correspond to a distinct ring domain in the ellipsoid body. Hence, peripheral topography is maintained due to stereotypic circuitry within each TuBu class, providing the structural basis for spatial representation of visual information in the central complex. Together with previous data showing rough topography of lobula projections to a different AOTU subunit, our results further highlight the AOTUs role as a prominent relay station for spatial information from the retina to the central brain. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info