Podcasts about Spacing

E601 - Bilan NBA 2026 : Houston Rockets !Notre série de l'été : les Bilans 2026 !A travers notre format habituel: bilan en 10 points clés de chaque équipe NBA.Aujourd'hui les Houston Rockets ! La différence entre coaching et effectif, l'absurde rebond offensif, la défense d'élite, la non utilisation de Kevin Durant, la stagnation temporaire du jeune Alperen Sengun, le fantasme Amen Thompson, la défense de Reed Sheppard et bien plus !Pour cela c'est Dimitri / Dismael du Roster qui se joint à nous ! Bienvenue dans le Basket Lab.Guillaume (@GuillaumeBLab)--0:00 Intro4:22 L'attaque sans paniers marqués : le patch du rebond offensif absurde16:31 Spacing, isolation...et philosophie de jeu24:29 Défense sans pivot35:54 Kevin Durant, volume et vieux os47:07 Reed Sheppard et la création1:03:51 Le vrai-faux shoot de Jabari Smith1:16:32 Alperen Sengun et le plafond1:28:38 Tari Eason : quid du profil offensif ?1:36:15 Amen Thompson et la fantasme1:50:10 Le monstre historique Steven Adans--Flux LIVE "Le Basket Lab LIVE" pour les quotidiennes :  https://www.podcastics.com/podcast/le-basket-lab-live/Flux secondaire "Le Basket Lab - Extraits" pour des formats : https://www.podcastics.com/podcast/le-basket-lab-extraits/--Youtube : https://www.youtube.com/@lebasketlabTwitch : https://www.twitch.tv/guillaume_lebasketlabTwitter : https://twitter.com/GuillaumeBLabDiscord : https://discord.gg/CfWkhZx9xM  

Links For The Occult Rejectshttps://linktr.ee/theoccultrejectsOccult Research Institutehttps://www.occultresearchinstitute.org/Substackhttps://substack.com/@theoccultrejects?r=7auau0&utm_campaign=profile&utm_medium=profile-pageCash Apphttps://cash.app/$theoccultrejectsVenmo@TheOccultRejectsBuy Me A Coffeebuymeacoffee.com/TheOccultRejectsPatreonhttps://www.patreon.com/TheOccultRejectsBibliographyRepetition, Fluency, and BeliefBacon, Frederick T. “Credibility of Repeated Statements: Memory for Trivia.” Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory 5, no. 3 (1979): 241–252.Begg, Ian Maynard, Ann Anas, and Suzanne Farinacci. “Dissociation of Processes in Belief: Source Recollection, Statement Familiarity, and the Illusion of Truth.” Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 121, no. 4 (1992): 446–458.Dechêne, Alice, Christoph Stahl, Jochim Hansen, and Michaela Wänke. “The Truth About the Truth: A Meta-Analytic Review of the Truth Effect.” Personality and Social Psychology Review 14, no. 2 (2010): 238–257.Fazio, Lisa K., Nadia M. Brashier, B. Keith Payne, and Elizabeth J. Marsh. “Knowledge Does Not Protect Against Illusory Truth.” Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 144, no. 5 (2015): 993–1002.Hasher, Lynn, David Goldstein, and Thomas Toppino. “Frequency and the Conference of Referential Validity.” Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 16, no. 1 (1977): 107–112.Reber, Rolf, and Norbert Schwarz. “Effects of Perceptual Fluency on Judgments of Truth.” Consciousness and Cognition 8, no. 3 (1999): 338–342.Unkelbach, Christian. “Reversing the Truth Effect: Learning the Interpretation of Processing Fluency in Judgments of Truth.” Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 33, no. 1 (2007): 219–230.Zajonc, Robert B. “Attitudinal Effects of Mere Exposure.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 9, no. 2, part 2 (1968): 1–27.Memory, Spacing, and RetrievalCepeda, Nicholas J., Harold Pashler, Edward Vul, John T. Wixted, and Doug Rohrer. “Distributed Practice in Verbal Recall Tasks: A Review and Quantitative Synthesis.” Psychological Bulletin 132, no. 3 (2006): 354–380.Ebbinghaus, Hermann. Memory: A Contribution to Experimental Psychology. Translated by Henry A. Ruger and Clara E. Bussenius. New York: Teachers College, Columbia University, 1913. Originally published 1885.Karpicke, Jeffrey D., and Henry L. Roediger III. “Repeated Retrieval During Learning Is the Key to Long-Term Retention.” Journal of Memory and Language 57, no. 2 (2007): 151–162.Roediger, Henry L. III, and Jeffrey D. Karpicke. “Test-Enhanced Learning: Taking Memory Tests Improves Long-Term Retention.” Psychological Science 17, no. 3 (2006): 249–255.Tulving, Endel, and Donald M. Thomson. “Encoding Specificity and Retrieval Processes in Episodic Memory.” Psychological Review 80, no. 5 (1973): 352–373.Whitehouse, Harvey. Modes of Religiosity: A Cognitive Theory of Religious Transmission. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press, 2004.Semantic Satiation and Verbal TransformationBalota, David A., and Sarah Black. “Semantic Satiation in Healthy Young and Older Adults.” Memory & Cognition 25, no. 2 (1997): 190–202.Jakobovits, Leon A. Effects of Repeated Stimulation on Cognitive Aspects of Behavior: Some Experiments on the Phenomenon of Semantic Satiation. PhD diss., McGill University, 1962.Kounios, John, et al. “On the Locus of the Semantic Satiation Effect: Evidence from Event-Related Brain Potentials.” Memory & Cognition 28, no. 8 (2000): 1366–1377.Pilotti, Maura, John S. Antrobus, and Monica Duff. “The Effect of Presemantic Acoustic Adaptation on Semantic ‘Satiation.'” Memory & Cognition 25, no. 3 (1997): 305–312.Ströberg, Kim, Lau M. Andersen, and Stefan Wiens. “Electrocortical N400 Effects of Semantic Satiation.” Frontiers in Psychology 8 (2017): 2117.Warren, Richard M. “Illusory Changes of Distinct Speech upon Repetition—The Verbal Transformation Effect.” British Journal of Psychology 52, no. 3 (1961): 249–258.Warren, Richard M. “Illusory Changes in Repeated Words: Differences between Young Adults and the Aged.” American Journal of Psychology 74, no. 4 (1961): 506–516.Speech, Song, and Musical RepetitionDeutsch, Diana. “The Speech-to-Song Illusion.” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 134, no. 5 (2013): 4241.Deutsch, Diana, Trevor Henthorn, and Rachael Lapidis. “Illusory Transformation from Speech to Song.” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 129, no. 4 (2011): 2245–2252.Jakubowski, Kelly, Sebastian Finkel, Lauren Stewart, and Daniel Müllensiefen. “Dissecting an Earworm: Melodic Features and Song Popularity Predict Involuntary Musical Imagery.” Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts 11, no. 2 (2017): 122–135.Margulis, Elizabeth Hellmuth. On Repeat: How Music Plays the Mind. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014.Marjieh, Raja, Pol van Rijn, Ilia Sucholutsky, Harin Lee, Thomas L. Griffiths, and Nori Jacoby. “A Rational Analysis of the Speech-to-Song Illusion.” Preprint, 2024.Vickhoff, Björn, Helge Malmgren, Rickard Åström, Gunnar Nyberg, Seth-Reino Ekström, Mathias Engwall, Johan Snygg, Michael Nilsson, and Rebecka Jörnsten. “Music Structure Determines Heart Rate Variability of Singers.” Frontiers in Psychology 4 (2013): 334.Breath, Vocalization, and Autonomic PhysiologyBernardi, Luciano, Peter Sleight, Gianfranco Bandinelli, Simone Cencetti, Lino Fattorini, Jacek Wdowczyc-Szulc, and Andrea Lagi. “Effect of Rosary Prayer and Yoga Mantras on Autonomic Cardiovascular Rhythms: Comparative Study.” BMJ 323, no. 7327 (2001): 1446–1449.Lehrer, Paul M., and Richard Gevirtz. “Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback: How and Why Does It Work?” Frontiers in Psychology 5 (2014): 756.Shaffer, Fred, and J. P. Ginsberg. “An Overview of Heart Rate Variability Metrics and Norms.” Frontiers in Public Health 5 (2017): 258.Zaccaro, Andrea, Andrea Piarulli, Marco Laurino, Erika Garbella, Danilo Menicucci, Bruno Neri, and Angelo Gemignani. “How Breath-Control Can Change Your Life: A Systematic Review on Psycho-Physiological Correlates of Slow Breathing.” Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 12 (2018): 353.Meditation, Chanting, and NeuroscienceFox, Kieran C. R., Matthew L. Dixon, Savannah Nijeboer, Manesh Girn, James L. Floman, Michael Lifshitz, Melissa Ellamil, Peter Sedlmeier, and Kalina Christoff. “Functional Neuroanatomy of Meditation: A Review and Meta-Analysis of 78 Functional Neuroimaging Investigations.” Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 65 (2016): 208–228.Kalyani, B. G., G. Venkatasubramanian, R. Arasappa, N. P. Rao, S. V. Kalmady, R. Behere, H. Rao, M. Vasudev, and B. N. Gangadhar. “Neurohemodynamic Correlates of ‘OM' Chanting: A Pilot Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study.” International Journal of Yoga 4, no. 1 (2011): 3–6.Travis, Fred, and Jonathan Shear. “Focused Attention, Open Monitoring and Automatic Self-Transcending: Categories to Organize Meditations from Vedic, Buddhist and Chinese Traditions.” Consciousness and Cognition 19, no. 4 (2010): 1110–1118.Ritual, Attention, and Embodied PracticeBell, Catherine. Ritual Theory, Ritual Practice. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.Hobson, Nicholas M., Juliana Schroeder, Jane L. Risen, Dimitris Xygalatas, and Michael Inzlicht. “The Psychology of Rituals: An Integrative Review and Process-Based Framework.” Personality and Social Psychology Review 22, no. 3 (2018): 260–284.McCauley, Robert N., and E. Thomas Lawson. Bringing Ritual to Mind: Psychological Foundations of Cultural Forms. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.Rappaport, Roy A. Ritual and Religion in the Making of Humanity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.Xygalatas, Dimitris. Ritual: How Seemingly Senseless Acts Make Life Worth Living. New York: Little, Brown Spark, 2022.Also want to remind people about the website, if you're into reading we have tons of information by multiple contributors, and we got t-shirts up on the site if you're interested. Fun fact, the art is all based on the eyeball. 

Hood College Head Coach Chad Dickman joins us to discuss how his offense uses spacing, pace, and unorthodox ball-screen actions to force defenses into decisions they rarely get to rehearse. Dickman explains the thinking behind Hood's early empty-side flat ball screens, the intentionally “jumbled” three-man side, and why he wants the ballhandler making decisions before the defense can settle into its preferred coverage.We get into how Hood teaches players to flow from one action to the next without stopping to reorganize, including ghost flares, blind flares, slips, re-screens, and the occasional quadruple ball screen. Dickman details the practice work underneath that freedom: screening angles, speed, distance, live 2-on-2 and 3-on-3 breakdowns, positionless reps, and teaching players to keep attacking even when the spacing gets messy. He also explains the difference between attacking in two-man actions and stringing out three-man actions to what Hood calls the “lookout point.”  In Start, Sub or Sit, Dickman ranks playing off two feet, deceleration, and quick finishes at the rim. The conversation moves into jump stops, reverse pivots, shooting on the move, and why high-pace offense still requires players who can stop under control. He closes with the value of years spent watching film, testing ideas, and adapting them to personnel. What You'll LearnWhy Hood will intentionally load three shooters onto one side to create more room for an empty-side two-man game. How “going early” forces the screener to react to the ballhandler instead of allowing the defense to organize its coverage.  Why the first action does not have to produce the shot if it can compromise the defense for the next action.  How Hood flows into ghost flares, blind flares, slips, re-screens, and other re-triggers without prescribing a fixed sequence.  Why screening angles, speed, distance, and ballhandler paths are taught before worrying about stacking three or four actions together.  How Hood prepares for two or three players arriving at the ball instead of stopping the possession to correct the spacing.  Why two-man actions are played more aggressively toward the rim while three-man actions often look to reach the “lookout point.”  How jump stops and reverse pivots turn paint touches into passing opportunities rather than forced finishes.  Why every player gets reps handling, screening, and playing from every spot in a positionless offense.  How the quadruple ball screen grew from experimenting with actions that opponents were unlikely to have practiced against. To join coaches and championship winning staffs from the NBA to High School from over 70 different countries taking advantage of an SG Plus membership, visit HERE!

President Trump wants changes in the way childhood vaccines are delivered. The AP's Jennifer King reports.

SummaryIn this episode of the Trainer's Bullpen, host Dan Fraser chats with learning researcher, practitioner expert and author of “Powerful Teaching” Patrice Bain. Patrice shares evidence-based learning strategies rooted in cognitive science, including retrieval practice, spacing, interleaving, and feedback-driven metacognition. These powerful tools can transform teaching and learning, making knowledge more accessible and durable. The interview contains not only the scientific basis of how these tools greatly enhance long term learning, but also practical tips and examples of application in the learning environment. Stay around after the interview as Dan and Chris discuss how they use these principles in the Method of Instruction Course and give advice on how trainers and coaches can easily apply these principles to accelerate learning and retention in their students.Key topics• Retrieval practice as a core learning tool• Spacing and interleaving to enhance retention• Metacognition and feedback for self-assessment• Priming and pretests to set the stage for learning• Teaching students how to learn and take ownership• Why forgetting is essential for learning• The importance of errors and how they shape the conditions for rich learning• How the coach must ‘choreograph' the learning• Practical application in classroom and practical skills environments• Law enforcement specific applicationResources:Powerful Teaching by Patrice Bain - https://www.amazon.com/s?k=Powerful+Teaching+Patrice+Bainretrievalpractice.org - https://retrievalpractice.org/patricebain.com - https://patricebain.comA Parent's Guide to Powerful Teaching - https://www.amazon.com/s?k=A+Parent%27s+Guide+to+Powerful+TeachingMake It Stick by Brown, Roediger, McDaniel - https://www.amazon.com/s?k=Make+It+Stick+Brown+Roediger+McDaniel

In this episode, Tyler Clark and Coleman Ayers sit down with Andrew Antelidze, a 25-year-old assistant coach and scout with BC Žalgiris in the EuroLeague. Originally from the Republic of Georgia, Andrew broke into professional basketball through a connection he built while working with the Georgian national team, eventually earning a role under head coach Andrea Trinchieri before expanding his responsibilities under Rokas Masoulis. At just 23, he joined the Žalgiris organization and has since been part of one of the club's most historic seasons, finishing fifth in the EuroLeague.The conversation covers a wide range of tactical ground, from video coordination and scouting philosophy to offensive frameworks, defensive analytics, and practice structure. Andrew shares how Žalgiris built their offense around first-eight-second and last-eight-second shot principles, why tagging up has been a staple of their defense for three seasons, and how they use energy charts and smart fouling metrics to drive physicality. The episode closes with an honest discussion about player development constraints in European basketball, the challenge of developing players during a nine-month season, and what it takes for a young coach to earn and keep a seat at an elite table.TimestampsAndrew joins; background and connection to ŽalgirisCatching up on Žalgiris's fifth-place EuroLeague finish and Francisco's season 13:20 — Pre-interview check: topics that are and aren't off-limits 13:24 — Andrew's interest in scouting and X's and O's over individual development 13:20 — Intro: Andrew Antelidze, assistant coach and scout, BC Žalgiris 13:25 — Career path: from Georgian national team to Žalgiris youth academy at 23 13:26 — How Coach Trinchieri found Andrew and gave him his first staff opportunity 13:27 — Role as video coordinator: responsibilities, late nights, learning on the fly 13:28 — How scouting work was divided among assistants; using SportsCode 13:29 — Film breakdown philosophy: how much detail depends on the head coach 13:30 — Clip limits for opposing players; protecting player mental energy before games 13:31 — Two coaching philosophies: Masoulis's tendency-based coverage vs. Trinchieri's team defense 13:32 — Using video individually vs. globally; assigning assistants to specific players 13:35 — Analytics and film working together: how numbers validate the message 13:37 — "Points before bonus" metric: using smart fouling as a physicality benchmark 13:38 — Individual analytics: tracking player tendencies and progress on specific skills 13:39 — Tagging up: three seasons of use, how Andrew measures it via wing offensive rebounding rates 13:40 — Tyler shares his experience implementing tagging up at the college level 13:41 — Andrew's Summer League experience with the Warriors and their aggressive crash philosophy 13:42 — Transition: defensive personnel and what "defensive skill" actually means 13:43 — Roster-based approach to defense: Trinchieri vs. Masoulis system contrast 13:44 — Defensive skill defined: anticipation, screen navigation, staying attached to shooters 13:46 — Energy charts: deflections, charges, and and-ones tracked and posted publicly 13:47 — Creating defensive incentive: meals and prizes for leaders on the energy charts 13:48 — Non-traditional tracking: defensive lineups, matchup planning, analytics team role 13:49 — Toughest EuroLeague guards: Mike James, Eli Cobo, Tamir Blatt 13:50 — Underrated tough matchups: FS and Maccabi's system; Cabarell as a standout player 13:51 — What makes American imports successful in EuroLeague: defense first, value possessions 13:53 — Why Žalgiris overachieved: roster chemistry, hunger, and organizational stability 13:55 — Late-season run to fifth place; Fenerbahçe turning it up in the quarterfinals 13:56 — Growing up in Georgia; basketball not culturally prominent; uncle who played D1 and pro ball 13:58 — Teammates Mamu (Raptors) and Goga (Orlando); Lithuanian basketball culture connection 13:59 — Georgian coach Manu Sharmarko Ishuli now at Monaco; pride in Georgian representation 14:00 — Offensive keys this year: multiple ball handlers, Francisco, Nigel Williams-Goss, Malalo 14:01 — First-eight-second and last-eight-second shot framework 14:02 — Giving players freedom within a structure; what that actually means 14:03 — Two-possession analytics: why the gray area (8–16 seconds) is the least efficient window 14:04 — Shot quality by player: Francisco's rim-or-three profile; Nigel's mid-range game 14:05 — Early threes and corner threes as non-negotiables 14:06 — How they generated open looks: ATO plays, drag screens, Iverson and loop actions 14:07 — Coverage-specific preparation: attacking hedge, playing against drop, reacting to switching 14:08 — Simultaneous weak-side actions to open the paint; terminology: "out" or "rocket" screens 14:09 — Practice structure with two days to prepare for a game 14:10 — Practice template: weight room, driving kick drill, 90 shooting competition, handicap 3-on-2 14:11 — Two scrimmage blocks: playing against opponent's defense, then running opponent's sets 14:12 — Day-before-game practice: same structure, reduced minutes, non-contact if one day out 14:13 — How detailed they get in scrimmage: pennies on shooters, personnel-specific defensive plans 14:17 — Giving players a defensive plan B for specific opponents (e.g., blitzing Mike James iso) 14:18 — Player development limitations in European basketball: staff ratio, time constraints 14:19 — "Maintenance" sessions for players with limited minutes; EuroLeague staffing vs. NBA 14:20 — Coleman on using games as development: domestic league reps, film with visualization 14:21 — Development mindset: learning to affect games vs. chasing skill reps 14:24 — Player mindset and keeping a notebook; EuroLeague as a veterans league 14:28 — NIL and why European players are increasingly interested in the college route 14:31 — Closing advice for young coaches: patience, professionalism, energy, relationships, passionResources & LinksFree Resources: https://byanymeanscoaches.com/resources BAM Coaches Platform: https://platform.byanymeanscoaches.com/#/platform Books: https://byanymeanscoaches.com/blueprint-bookKeep ListeningAlessandro Nocera on Building More Conceptual Players Another EuroLeague coach with deep tactical perspective — Alessandro breaks down dynamic vs. static 1v1, conceptual offense, and practice design across elite international settings. https://www.buzzsprout.com/1911095/episodes/19331880Thomas Pennellier talks Paris & Bonn Basketball, Designing Game-Like Practices & True Transfer A European staff coach conversation focused on representative learning and what preparation for high-level opponents actually looks like in practice design. https://www.buzzsprout.com/1911095/episodes/18724187Jota Cuspinera on Spacing, Simplicity & Offensive Freedom Jota's framework for principles-based offense and player freedom maps directly to what Andrew described with Žalgiris's "first-eight, last-eight" structure and giving players room to operate within a system. https://www.buzzsprout.com/1911095/episodes/18772044

Tyler Clark sits down with Alessandro Nocera, an Italian basketball coach serving as individual player development coach at Saski Baskonia (EuroLeague) and head coach of the Italian U15 National Team. Alessandro's perspective has been shaped by six transformative years in the Spanish basketball system, which he credits with fundamentally reshaping how he sees and teaches the game.The conversation covers Alessandro's core offensive philosophy — dynamic vs. static one-on-one play and what it means to make decisions before the catch, not after. From there, Tyler and Alessandro dig into conceptual offense design, practice structure across different contexts, balancing offense and defense in limited time, the role of video and staff, and the deeply human side of coaching — adapting to every player and team as individuals.Timestamps15:01 — Alessandro's background and introduction 16:49 — Nike, Jordan Brand, Jr. NBA, UEFA license, and connection to Alex Sarama 17:28 — Dynamic vs. static 1v1: the foundational offensive concept 18:02 — Why stopping the ball kills the advantage 18:51 — Making decisions before the catch, not after 19:41 — Why static players fail to maximize potential at high levels 21:41 — Never play with two feet on the ground 22:30 — Teaching peripheral vision from a young age 23:30 — Why NBA players almost never catch with two feet 25:21 — Stampede actions and why they appear in every NBA action 25:50 — Soccer's influence on reading the game 26:27 — Messina and Consolini's influence on Alessandro's philosophy 27:11 — Guards and wings must always know where the 4 and 5 are 29:16 — How video accelerates learning in modern players 30:10 — Structuring development sessions across different contexts 32:30 — Building fundamentals from the game out: CLA with constraints, then on-air detail 33:25 — Evolving from drilling all day to surfing the fundamental spectrum 36:28 — Adapting to individual players: variability vs. focused repetition 37:27 — There's no system for everything — read the player and the game 38:45 — Adapting your philosophy entirely to your personnel 40:34 — Empathy in coaching: where art meets science 41:19 — Conceptual offense: what it is and what it isn't 44:10 — Alessandro's offensive structure: fast break in five, attack off every catch 46:10 — Run in five — all five players sprint immediately on possession 47:07 — Three core principles: spacing reads, zero-second decisions, inside-outside 48:05 — Rebounding as a habit, not a mindset 48:47 — Defensive philosophy: press the ball, cross steps, zero distance 49:16 — Triggers are secondary when your principles are locked in 51:53 — How to select triggers: analyze personnel and fit the action to the player 54:45 — Why coaches misunderstand conceptual offense as "just playing" 55:06 — Alessandro's team passes beautifully without ever formally training passing 56:47 — One rule: one-on-one always, one against two is a turnover 57:51 — Alessandro always used small-sided games — CLA before he had the language 59:52 — Classic constraint: 5v5 inside the three-point line 01:00:44 — Italian coaching school: Messina and Cremolini's influence 01:01:19 — Cremolini's CLA with 7-year-olds: teaching the layup without saying "layup" 01:04:20 — Weak hand constraint: score with the weak hand = double points 01:05:23 — Competition makes everything more natural 01:05:57 — The spy drill: players coach each other 01:07:52 — Messina's 10 drills, defensive footwork, and connecting 1v1 to 5v5 01:09:24 — Why defense doesn't get enough attention 01:10:05 — 50% of the game is defense — why is practice 90% offense? 01:11:15 — Defense is repetition — spend the time, get the result 01:12:39 — Staff dedicated to defense while you run offense — and vice versa 01:13:45 — The 11-man drill problem: nobody corrects the defense 01:15:55 — 3v2 and 4v3 as the best drills for ball pressure and collaboration 01:16:54 — For AAU coaches with one hour: cut everything to live play 01:17:46 — No assistant? Make a player responsible for defense 01:19:33 — National team efficiency: every second counts 01:21:09 — Creating late-game situations in practice 01:21:57 — Feedback: short, direct, stay focused on your one goal 01:23:38 — How video amplifies coaching before and after practice 01:25:14 — Coaching on the fly: assistants stay active, feedback without stopping play 01:27:45 — Extra work beyond practice is what separates good teams from great ones 01:30:26 — Lead with example: if you ask extra work, put it in yourself 01:31:03 — Watching game film in role-based groups — players present what they see 01:33:27 — Player accountability on the floor wins games without a coach present 01:34:07 — When players teach each other, they remember 01:37:05 — Follow Alessandro: @coach_Nochera on InstagramResources & LinksFree Resources: https://byanymeanscoaches.com/resources BAM Coaches Platform: https://platform.byanymeanscoaches.com/#/platform Books: https://byanymeanscoaches.com/blueprint-bookKeep ListeningIf you loved this conversation with Alessandro, here are three episodes you won't want to miss:Jota Cuspinera on Spacing, Simplicity & Offensive Freedom Another elite European mind breaking down what conceptual, principles-based offense really looks like in practice. Jota's three spacing principles and question-based coaching method pair perfectly with Alessandro's dynamic 1v1 philosophy.

In Portland for the summer and reflecting once more on the most underrated piece of bike infrastructure: parking. While we rightfully obsess over bike lanes and protected paths, we ignore the fact that transportation sits parked 95% of the time. This quick-hit episode breaks down what makes a good rack, why installation matters, and why bike parking is actually a gateway to widening bike culture. We also touch on: The Portland standard for staple racks. Spacing and positioning failures. U-lock strategies against tire theft. Testing neighborhood bikeability through their racks. Why Shabazz Stuart and others center parking in the conversation. The difference between leisure cycling and transportation cycling. Friction points that keep people in cars. Timeline:00:00 Intro.02:16 In Portland for the summer, thinking about design details.02:45 Mid-block crosswalks as a litmus test for pedestrian priority.04:48 99% of bike infrastructure talk focuses on movement between A and B.05:40 The problem: bikes are parked 95% of the time.07:24 We spend almost no time talking about bike parking.08:47 Every friction point is someone choosing to drive instead.10:26 Bike racks in Portland, Columbus, Dallas, Phoenix.12:08 Staple racks as the gold standard.12:28 U-lock technique: through frame, tire, and rack.13:15 Installation guides aren't being followed.13:49 Real example: moving truck blocking the rack access.14:54 Bike parking as a public realm and urban design question.16:29 Wrapping up.Links:On Portland's bike staple racks.

Watch the video version here: https://youtu.be/_o-YSJWsf7gOn this episode:

Many school reform efforts are seeking new ways to structure the teaching profession. Dr. Mary Laski joins us to discuss a program that integrates pay-for-performance as a key element. Their results show definitively positive effects in both near- and long-term outcomes, and we ponder how monetary incentives may be received at scale. Later, we read how the rate limit for simple learning in lab mice makes rapid practice functionally identical to spaced practice. We consider the implications for interleaved teaching.

Greg Brady spoke to Ian Darragh, writer with Spacing magazine about Jet Dreams on Toronto Island. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

This episode of KN we're joined by local Broome filmmaker Gary for part 2 for a discussion about the magic of SPACE. With part 1 revolving around being a filmmaker growing up in Broome watching Sci-Fi movies, particularly Alien, this 2nd talk revolves around what the sky and space really is for us not only in Broome, but around the world. We also touch on (Japanese/English/Polynesian) navigation history, our connection with the tides and indie sailing/navigating games such as new indie title Sailwind, Project Hail Mary starring Ryan Gosling and modern space news like the Artemis missions, Listen in for all that and more, in the long version.

Kimberley Nerds - Ep5- Spacing Out with Filmmaker Gary - Short Version

Greg Brady spoke to Ian Darragh, writer with Spacing magazine about Jet Dreams on Toronto Island. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Analyze the schematic impact of the rumored A.J. Brown trade to New England and the technical "why" behind 2026 NFL Draft fits. This pre-draft manual prioritizes roster construction and personnel utility over generic talent evaluation to solve specific on-field problems.—In this episode:New England's Vertical Shift: Examine how the potential A.J. Brown trade enables the Patriots to maximize Drake May's deep-ball efficiency during his rookie contract window.Bengals' Potential Front-End Dominance: Analyze the potential acquisition of Dexter Lawrence to anchor a Bengals defense that prioritizes interior presence and pass-rush utility.Jets' Five-Man Pressure: Break down why Arvel Reese is the ideal fit at No. 2 to facilitate the Jets' aggressive Cover 1 and five-man front structures.Titans' Linebacker “Eraser”: Identify Sonny Stiles as the technical solution for Tennessee's lack of linebacker production, serving as a lengthy connector in the back end.Giants' Three-Safety Shell: We explore the strategic pivot toward a three-safety adjuster system by drafting Caleb Downs to mirror modern NFL defensive trends.—Timestamps:00:00 - Introduction and 2026 Draft Landscape 01:17 - A.J. Brown to the Patriots: Vertical Shift Analysis 03:57 - Jalen Hurts and the Eagles' Roster Reset 07:23 - AFC East Schematic Outlook 09:34 - Dexter Lawrence Trade Demands and Bengals Fit 13:55 - Raiders QB Choice: Fernando Mendoza at No. 1 15:22 - Jets: Arvel Reese and the Cover 1 Blueprint 21:01 - Titans: Sonny Stiles and the "Eraser" LB Role 23:50 - Giants: Caleb Downs and the Three-Safety Trend 33:45 - Chiefs: Reuben Bain and Four-Down Utility 43:47 - Cowboys: Defensive Identity and Personnel Gains 45:47 - Ravens: Kenyon Sadiq and Tight End Usage 51:08 - Vikings: Emmanuel McNeil-Warren and Safety Spacing 53:39 - Panthers: Linebacker Structure and Spacing 01:03:50 - Chargers: Omar Cooper Jr. and the Shanahan Fit 01:06:03 - Seahawks: Ty Simpson and the Fifth-Year Option 01:13:16 - Chiefs: Denzel Boston and Skill Position Priority 01:16:09 - Patriots: Caleb Banks and Interior Run Defense 01:21:01 - Post-Draft Strategy and Outro—» Join Felix and Cody each Wednesday as we dive deep into the game we love!MatchQuarters is a reader-supported publication. So, make sure to subscribe.—© 2026 MatchQuarters | Cody Alexander | All rights reserved. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.matchquarters.com/subscribe

The Denver Nuggets defeated the Memphis Grizzlies last night to win their 10th game in a row. Should they push for the three seed or preserve as much of their health as possible? Also Jeff talks about all the soft tissue injuries in the league and how reducing the on court spacing and making 3's less efficient is the only way to preserve players bodies. Enjoy the show! Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

In this very special WATTBA Sit-Down, Space Frehley: A Tribute To Ace Frehley takes us behind the scenes of the show that has been gaining nationwide popularity and is regarded by members of Ace Frehley's inner-circle as one of the best tribute shows carrying on Ace's legacy. If "Shock Me" is on your mind, we go deep on this one...DO NOT miss it!https://www.instagram.com/wattbashow/https://twitter.com/wattbashowhttps://www.facebook.com/wattbashowWhat A Time To Be Alive episode page

Cody Alexander and Felix Johnson break down the "politics and religion" of defensive football by analyzing the technical "why" behind modern run fit structures. Learn how elite NFL defenses use even and odd spacing, gap-and-a-half techniques, and hybridized fronts to cancel gaps and combat modern spread offenses.—In this episode:Run fit structures are defined by the “politics and religion” of defensive football, acting as the foundational geometry that dictates roster construction and secondary coverage.Box spacing is categorized as “even” when there is an open B-gap bubble and “odd” when both B-gaps are closed by a defender.Modern spread offenses frequently “drain the box” by using perimeter threats like bubble screens or flat routes to pull defenders away, forcing a standard seven-man box to function as a six-man fit.Hybridized front techniques, such as the “lag nose” and “4i,” allow defenses to cancel gaps and squeeze vertical double teams while remaining in nickel personnel.Elite NFL defenses, including the Seahawks and Patriots, increasingly utilize “passive pressures” and “read stunts” to reset the line of scrimmage and eliminate gaps without overextending via traditional blitzes.—Timestamps:00:00 - Introduction: The Politics and Religion of Football02:01 - Defining the Box: 4-3 vs 3-4 Binary Terms04:14 - Even vs Odd Spacing Explained08:43 - Seven, Eight, and Nine-Man Spacing11:41 - How Spread Offenses Drain the Box19:53 - Interior Techniques: Lag, Shade, and G-Nose25:21 - The Rise of the 4i and Tight Fronts29:56 - Gap and a Half vs Jet Techniques34:02 - Lever-Spill-Lever vs Spill-Overlap Fits39:50 - Hybridizing Fronts: Bear, Penny, and Walk Looks44:33 - Why the NFL's Best Defenses Stunt the Most51:00 - Closing: Multiplicity and Purposeful Stunting—» Join Felix and Cody each Wednesday as we dive deep into the game we love!MatchQuarters is a reader-supported publication. So, make sure to subscribe.—© 2026 MatchQuarters | Cody Alexander | All rights reserved. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.matchquarters.com/subscribe

To compliment the latest Eglinton-themed issue of Spacing Magazine, we begin with a celebration. Our regular transit commentators Toronto Star columnist and City Hall Watcher publisher Matt Elliott and York University Urban Geography Professor Patricia Wood return to give their review of the now Eglinton Crosstown LRT. Does it work, what did we learn through the drawn-out process, and are Public Private Partnerships really the best way to build transit? Then, Toronto Metropolitan University Associate Professor Cheryl Thompson tells us about her latest Spacing article "Golden Mile of Industry: How a recession, city planning, and an immigration wave (re)made a community."

With our hosts scattered across the country this week and Project Hail Mary in theaters now, enjoy a best of episode from 2021 – It’s Andy Weir and a delightfully fun chat about the book, defending Shemp, his hatred for flashbacks, and why he would never go into space. ITUNES – SPOTIFY

In this episode, we sit down with one of Spain's most respected basketball minds, Jota Cuspinera, widely regarded as a master of spacing and offensive structure. With experience ranging from youth national teams to the ACB League and serving as an assistant coach with Real Madrid, Jota brings a rare blend of high-level tactical knowledge and deeply thoughtful teaching methodology. But what makes him truly unique isn't just what he teaches, it's how he teaches it.Jota breaks down the three foundational spacing principles that shape all of his offensive philosophy and explains how simplifying language, not the game,  unlocks clarity and freedom for players. We dive into his question-based coaching method, how to build decision-makers instead of rule-followers, why the goal of offense is to create and enjoy advantage, and how true freedom comes from understanding what the ball wants to do. This conversation is a masterclass in offensive clarity, teaching, and the art of making complex basketball ideas simple.00:00 The closing gap between NBA and international basketball 06:41 Jota's background and coaching journey in Spain 08:05 The origin story behind his three spacing principles 10:00 Principle #1 — Don't allow one defender to guard two offensive players 11:18 Principle #2 — Avoid being in the same passing lane (and extending it to defenders) 13:42 Principle #3 — Staying in the viewing angles of the ball on penetration 15:30 Learning the rules like a master so you can break them like a genius 16:49 Teaching spacing through questions instead of commands 19:06 “What did you do? What happened?” — Developing player awareness 24:19 Simplifying the explanation without simplifying the game 29:21 The true goal of offense — Creating and enjoying advantage 31:51 Teaching players to read what the ball wants to do 35:21 Playing a mental game — “Pick your poison” 41:03 Introducing tactics after spacing foundations are built 42:52 You cannot see what you don't understand 44:14 Recognizing patterns and teaching players to see the gameCoaching Resources: https://byanymeanscoaches.com/BAM Blueprint Book: https://byanymeanscoaches.com/blueprint-bookIf you enjoyed this episode, share it with a coach who's looking to simplify their teaching and elevate their offensive clarity. Make sure to subscribe, leave a review, and let us know what stood out most from Jota's approach to spacing and freedom in offense.

Dr. Natalie Crawford, board-certified OB-GYN and REI, answers your fertility questions. 1. When taking a prenatal vitamin, how should we interpret the amount of choline listed on the label? If a prenatal lists 300 mg of choline, is that the full amount counted toward the recommended intake, or does it refer to elemental choline? 2. Is sucralose safe to consume while trying to conceive or during pregnancy, or should it be avoided? 3. I've heard that high levels of biotin can interfere with certain blood tests. If a prenatal contains 1000 mcg of biotin and someone is going through IVF with frequent lab work, is that amount considered too high? Should they consider switching prenatals? 4. I'm 38, recently diagnosed with PCOS, and have experienced eight miscarriages. I've also been told I have a weak and shortened cervix and have already had a vaginal cerclage twice without success. Are there any additional options or treatments that could be considered? 5. I'm 38 and recently had a baby conceived naturally, though it took some time to get pregnant. I know the general recommendation is to wait about 18 months before trying to conceive again, but I'm worried that waiting too long could make it harder to get pregnant because of my age. How should someone balance recommended spacing between pregnancies with age-related fertility considerations? Pre-order Dr. Crawford's debut book, The Fertility Formula, now! https://www.nataliecrawfordmd.com/book Want your questions answered on the next episode? ⁠Ask them here! https://www.nataliecrawfordmd.com/qa-submissions Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

https://teachhoops.com/ Coaching offense is not about teaching plays; it is about teaching spacing and decision-making. The "geometry of the court" is the most powerful weapon a coach possesses. When your spacing is elite, you create "gravity" that pulls defenders away from the basket, opening up driving lanes and creating high-percentage looks. The fundamental rule of spacing is that players must remain "two passes away" from the ball, typically 15 to 18 feet apart. In the mid-season January stretch, offenses often become "cluttered" as players hunt for the ball. To fix this, you must reinforce the concept of "occupying the spots"—ensuring the corners and wings are filled to flatten the defense and force them to make difficult choices between helping on a drive or staying with a shooter. To truly "coach" offense, you must shift your focus from the ball-handler to the four players without the ball. These athletes are the ones who actually "set the table" for success. Utilize "Constraint-Based" drills in practice, such as the 5-on-5 No-Dribble game, to force your team to recognize how movement distortions the defense. If a defender "helps" on a drive, the offensive player in the corner must "drift" or "lift" to stay in the ball-handler's line of sight. This "spatial awareness" is the hallmark of a high-IQ offense. By using TeachHoops member calls to audit your offensive "flow," you can identify if your players are "ball-watching" or if they are actively working to maintain the structural integrity of your spacing. Finally, a championship-caliber offense is defined by its "Second and Third Actions." Most defenses can guard the initial set, but very few can guard the "flow" that follows a kick-out pass. This is where "Pillars of Spacing" like the "Short Corner" and the "High Post" become vital. When the ball moves, the spacing must "reset" instantly. Use film study to show your team the difference between a "cluttered" paint and a "clean" one. When players understand that their spacing is what creates the "easy" shots, they develop a sense of accountability to their spots. By prioritizing the "Where" of the offense just as much as the "Who," you ensure that your team is always in a position to exploit the defense's weaknesses and peak during the postseason. Basketball offense, offensive spacing, basketball coaching, motion offense, basketball IQ, court geometry, youth basketball, high school basketball, spacing principles, drive and kick, basketball tactics, coach development, team culture, offensive flow, basketball drills, five-out offense, four-out one-in, player movement, basketball strategy, shooting lanes, coach unplugged, teach hoops, basketball success, athletic leadership, basketball training, offensive efficiency. SEO Keywords Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

https://teachhoops.com/ Selecting a zone offense requires a shift in mindset from "beating a man" to "beating a spot." A successful zone attack is built on the principle of "overloading"—putting more offensive players in an area than the defense can account for. Whether you are facing a 2-3, 3-2, or 1-3-1 zone, the goal remains the same: force two defenders to guard one person. By utilizing a "4-Out, 1-In" or a "1-3-1" alignment, you can create natural gaps in the defense. The key is to avoid standing still; players must constantly "short-corner" or "flash" to the high post to distort the zone's shape and create passing lanes that lead to high-percentage layups or open rhythm threes. The most effective way to "break" a zone is through ball reversal and "distortion" dribbles. A zone defense relies on the ball staying on one side of the floor so they can "shift and sag" toward the action. To counter this, your offense must move the ball faster than the defenders can slide. This often means using "skip passes" to the weak side to catch the defense out of position. Additionally, the "gap drive"—where a player dribbles directly at the shoulder of a zone defender—forces that defender to commit, which invariably leaves a teammate wide open. When your players understand that the goal is to make the zone "shrink" and then "stretch," they play with a level of patience that leads to a breakdown in the opponent's communication. Finally, a championship-caliber zone offense is defined by its offensive rebounding and "secondary" actions. Because zone defenders are often guarding areas rather than specific people, they are notoriously poor at "boxing out" during the flight of the ball. Coaches should emphasize "crashing from the perimeter" to exploit these missed assignments. Furthermore, if the initial set doesn't produce a shot, your team must have a "continuity" or a "reset" plan to keep the pressure on. By using film study to identify the "soft spots" of your upcoming opponent's zone—whether it's the high post in a 2-3 or the corners in a 1-2-2—you can tailor your attack to exploit their specific weaknesses, turning a potentially stagnant game into a clinical offensive performance. Basketball zone offense, 2-3 zone attack, 3-2 zone offense, basketball coaching, offensive strategy, gap attacking, high post flash, short corner, basketball spacing, ball reversal, skip passes, youth basketball, high school basketball, basketball IQ, coach development, offensive sets, zone distortion, overload offense, basketball drills, basketball rebounding, team culture, coach unplugged, teach hoops, basketball success, coaching tips, game-day adjustments, offensive continuity, basketball tactics. SEO Keywords Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

In this solo episode of the By Any Means Coaches Podcast, Coleman Ayers breaks down the concept of nonlinear pedagogy, reframed as the nonlinear progression model, and explains why learning, development, and skill acquisition in basketball are rarely clean, linear processes. Drawing from research across sport, education, and motor learning, Coleman challenges the traditional “start simple and build up” mindset and makes the case for starting closer to (or slightly above) an athlete's true challenge point to accelerate learning and improve transfer to the game.Through practical basketball-specific examples like shooting footwork, ball screen decision-making, warmups, and youth development, Coleman explains how nonlinear structure and nonlinear progress work together. He outlines why struggle is not only acceptable but necessary, how regressions should often replace progressions, and why coaches must reframe expectations around visible improvement. The episode closes with actionable rules of thumb to help coaches design more efficient, engaging, and game-representative training environments.Timestamps:00:01 – Introduction to nonlinear pedagogy and why learning isn't linear 01:28 – Nonlinear structure vs. nonlinear progress explained 02:39 – Traditional linear progressions and why they fall short 04:08 – Starting with difficulty and regressing instead of building up 05:09 – Inefficiency of linear models and wasted training time 06:32 – Engagement, autonomy, and mental toughness benefits 07:14 – Giving athletes time to struggle and self-organize 08:28 – Why linear progressions don't transfer well to games 09:13 – Addressing concerns about bad habits and technique 10:58 – Confidence, psychological momentum, and game reality 11:50 – Example: shooting footwork and nonlinear application 13:00 – Example: handling aggressive ball screen coverages 15:19 – Starting live, then regressing with purpose 16:05 – Rules of thumb: start 10% harder, regress more than progress 17:25 – Finding challenge in warmups 18:41 – Whole–part–whole and play–drill–play frameworks 20:27 – When it makes sense to start simple 22:01 – Youth development, experimentation, and learning windows 24:25 – Advanced challenges making basic skills easier 26:34 – Nonlinear progress and managing expectations 28:00 – Spacing, consolidation, and why breaks matter 30:30 – Final takeaways on embracing the chaos of learningCoaching Resources: https://www.byanymeanscoaches.comBAM Blueprint Book: https://www.byanymeanscoaches.com/modern-basketball-blueprintIf this episode challenged the way you think about player development, be sure to check out the By Any Means Coaches Certification and Coleman's book, The Modern Basketball Blueprint, where these concepts are explored in much greater depth. If you enjoyed the episode, share it with another coach, and we'll see you next time on the By Any Means Coaches Podcast.

The October 2026 Toronto election may seem like a long way off, but intentions to run have already been declared and campaign plans are well underway. So we asked Spacing co-founder and Toronto Star columnist Shawn Micallef and community crisis worker Diana Chan McNally what we need from our Toronto political leaders. And we speak to Petra Matar and Alea Reid, winners of the Toronto Public Space Committee's  "To the Loo!" competition about their winning design for the perfect public toilet.

In this research review episode of the By Any Means Coaches Podcast, the conversation dives deep into the impact of scaled equipment—lower rims, smaller basketballs, and modified environments—on youth basketball development. Through the lens of current research and the constraints-led approach, the episode challenges long-held assumptions about “toughening kids up” with regulation equipment and instead explores how properly scaled tasks can accelerate skill acquisition, improve movement quality, and foster long-term engagement with the game.Beyond shooting percentages, this episode explores how scaled environments influence biomechanics, perception, psychology, and decision-making. From earlier emergence of adult-like mechanics to increased confidence, creativity, and adaptability, the discussion highlights why many technical “flaws” are actually functional solutions to poorly designed tasks—and how fixing the environment often fixes the movement without excessive coaching cues.Episode Timestamps00:00 – Introduction and context for the research review 00:26 – Why scaled equipment is worth revisiting through research 01:40 – Overview of studies and research synthesis approach 02:07 – Performance vs development vs psychology 02:42 – Key findings from the research 03:55 – Shooting mechanics, arc, and energy transfer 04:42 – Trunk lean, elbow flare, and acceptable technique ranges 05:54 – Why mechanics improve without technical instruction 06:24 – Psychological benefits: confidence, enjoyment, and volume 07:31 – Motivation, success, and long-term engagement 08:11 – Spacing and offensive behavior in scaled environments 09:02 – Finishing degrees of freedom and creativity 09:42 – Movement exploration with smaller basketballs 11:09 – Early developer bias created by regulation equipment 12:13 – Compensation vs challenge in youth shooting 12:38 – Depth perception and shooting range development 13:46 – Adaptability vs rigid technique 14:17 – Constraints-led approach applied to shooting 15:39 – Why many shooting drills are compensatory fixes 16:26 – Observational learning and imitation 18:05 – Finding the optimal challenge point 19:20 – External focus and freer shooting behavior 20:11 – Rhythm, sequencing, and adaptable skill development 20:37 – Practical coaching implications 21:44 – What to do when scaled equipment isn't available 22:38 – Playing athletes up or down based on physical maturity 23:14 – Supplementing constraints with cues and observation 24:57 – Sport crossover effects and task design solutions 25:34 – Final takeaways and practical applicationsCoaching Resources: https://www.byanymeansbasketball.comBAM Blueprint Book: https://www.byanymeansbasketball.com/bam-blueprintIf this episode challenged the way you think about youth development: share it with a coach or parent who needs to hear it. For more research-driven insights and practical coaching tools, subscribe to the By Any Means Coaches Podcast and explore our full library of resources at By Any Means Basketball.

The Golden State Warriors fall to the Atlanta Hawks 124-111 on Sunday at Chase Center. On "Dubs Talk," Bonta Hill and Monte Poole discuss the Warriors' glaring weakness was exposed by the Hawks. With Jonathan Kuminga officially trade eligible Jan. 15, could Golden State make a move to solve the team's issues with length and athleticism?(03:00) - Hawks' length, athleticism led by Jalen Johnson gives Warriors problems(07:00) - Warriors will be tested again with same problem vs. Portland Trail Blazers(09:00) - Golden State's coaching staff, front office receives reminder of team's weaknesses(12:00) -Why this homestand is so interesting for Warriors(16:35) What Warriors must do to feel good about eight-game stretch at home(21:45) - A Jonathan Kuminga trade might not be as easy for Warriors as fans think(27:45) - Could a Jonathan Kuminga trade be delayed? Are the Warriors seeking too much in exchange for him?(31:15) - Spacing issues seem to be arising with Jimmy Butler and Draymond Green Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Welcome to this Agronomic Monday edition of RealAg Radio brought to you by FMC Ag Canada! On today’s show, host Lyndsey Smith is joined by: Dr. Fred Below of the University of Illinois on corn population and row spacing; Bryan O'Hara of FMC Ag Canada for a spotlight on FMC Avireo; Christine O'Reilly grazing specialist... Read More

Welcome to this Agronomic Monday edition of RealAg Radio brought to you by FMC Ag Canada! On today’s show, host Lyndsey Smith is joined by: Dr. Fred Below of the University of Illinois on corn population and row spacing; Bryan O'Hara of FMC Ag Canada for a spotlight on FMC Avireo; Christine O'Reilly grazing specialist... Read More

Week 18 Door Opened, Lions Stumbled The NFL weekend handed the Detroit Lions every break. Green Bay got drilled. Chicago lost to San Francisco. A win-and-in shot with the Chicago Bears in Week 18 sat on the table. Detroit did not hold up its end. The Christmas loss to the Minnesota Vikings turned opportunity into regret. The Vikings were a known entity. They crowd the middle. They blitz. They play downhill. Detroit still walked into the trap. The result felt like a coaching loss from prep to whistle. That sting was familiar. The opener against Green Bay carried the same scent. The Detroit Lions Podcast audience heard the frustration. A good team played small in a gotta-have-it moment. NFC Results That Framed It Everything else aligned. The Packers got blown away. Jordan Love was out. Baltimore rolled, and Derrick Henry ran wild. Malik Willis played well before leaving hurt again. Chicago then dropped a high-scoring thriller to the 49ers on Sunday night. The Bears sit high in the NFC mix, pending what the Rams do. Seattle sits at number one. All of it kept a Week 18 showdown in play. Detroit only needed to cash its Christmas ticket. It did not. The 12 Personnel Trap on Offense The offensive plan made it harder. Detroit leaned into 12 personnel and pounded inside. That shrank the field. Linebackers crept up. Safeties walked down. Put Shane Zylstra or Giovanni Ricci in the slot and defenses do not fear the seam. They crowd the box and choke the space where Detroit wanted to live. Spacing matters. You chase linebackers and safeties off with speed and threat. Kalif Raymond changes leverage. Isaac Teslaw does too. Use them to widen the second level and clear seams. Detroit instead condensed everything and invited contact. Inside runs met free hitters. Protection saw extra bodies and late blitzers. The Vikings love that fight. Detroit gave it to them snap after snap. Irrespective of line play, the structure was off. The Lions drew defenders into the very area they targeted. That is backwards. Against an aggressive front, widen, stress, and punish. Detroit did not. Coaching Heat: Campbell and Morton This one lands on the headsets. Dan Campbell as play caller. John Morton as offensive coordinator. Minnesota started Max Brosmer and had backups across the offensive line. Short week for both teams. The Vikings still looked more prepared for what Detroit would do than Detroit was for what Minnesota always does. That is the rub. The worry now is persistence. Keeping Morton in any capacity invites more of the same. Scheme must create its own luck. Preparation must steal downs. The Lions can manufacture it with smarter spacing, better personnel groupings, and quicker answers to pressure. Week 18 still offers meaning. The path narrowed because Detroit gave it away. The fix is not mystical. It is alignment, speed on the field, and a plan that refuses to play to an opponent's strength. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gnAcmdsNjlw #detroitlions #lions #detroitlionspodcast #minnesotavikings #chicagobears #greenbaypackers #sanfrancisco49ers #jordanlove #derrickhenry #malikwillis #12personnel #lateblitzers #spacing Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

FAN MAIL--We would love YOUR feedback--Send us a Text MessageIf studying feels smooth, you might be doing it wrong. We dig into the science behind durable learning and show why the methods that feel effortful—retrieval, spacing, and interleaving—produce knowledge that holds up under pressure. Drawing on Make It Stick and real-world examples, we unpack how familiar strategies like rereading, highlighting, and cramming create a comforting illusion of mastery while leaving you empty-handed when it matters.We start by reframing the core mistake: mistaking recognition for recall. That “I've seen this before” feeling floods your brain with confidence but doesn't prepare you to explain a concept from scratch or pick the right approach without cues. From there, we walk through practical tools. Retrieval practice turns passive exposure into active memory by quizzing yourself, teaching a concept aloud, or using flashcards. Spacing replaces marathon sessions with shorter, scheduled reviews that capitalize on just-enough forgetting to strengthen recall. Interleaving blends problem types and concepts so your brain learns to identify patterns and decide which method to use—the same skill real work demands.You'll hear a concrete exam-prep story that shows how flashcards and spaced reviews transformed short-term familiarity into long-term command. Then we translate ideas into a three-part action plan you can start this week: swap one reread for retrieval, schedule three spaced sessions, and mix at least two problem types in your next practice block. Expect more struggle in the moment and more success when the test, meeting, or project arrives. That discomfort isn't failure; it's the signal that learning is sticking.Our book of the day was "Make It Stick:  The Science of Successful Learning" by Peter Brown, Henry Roediger and Mark McDanielKey Points from the Episode:• learning feels harder when it becomes durable• the illusion of fluency from rereading and massed practice• retrieval practice to expose gaps and deepen memory• spacing sessions to leverage forgetting and reload knowledge• interleaving to train recognition and method selection• simple tests to confirm you can teach it from scratch• three concrete actions to apply this weekOther resources: Want to leave a review? Click here, and if we earned a five-star review from you **high five and knuckle bumps**, we appreciate it greatly!

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This month’s podcast is from a Space Out, Outside featuring Bob Lukomski and David Mason. We played outside the Colorant Shop on Main Street in Beacon, NY as part of their 10th anniversary celebrations. This is one of my favorite Space Out, Outside recordings; it has the exact balance of the ambiance and The Ambiance … Continue reading Errant Space Podcast 128: Spacing Out, Outside Colorant →

Let's be honest – the occlusion after Aligner cases can be a little ‘off' (even after fixed appliances!) How do you know if your patient's occlusion after aligner treatment is acceptable or risky? What practical guidelines can general dentists follow to manage occlusion when orthodontic results aren't textbook-perfect? Jaz and Dr. Jesper Hatt explore the most common challenges dentists face, from ClinCheck errors and digital setup pitfalls to balancing aesthetics with functional occlusion. They also discuss key strategies to help you evaluate, guide, and optimize occlusion in your patients, because understanding what is acceptable and what needs intervention can make all the difference in long-term treatment stability and patient satisfaction. https://youtu.be/e74lUbyTCaA Watch PDP250 on YouTube Protrusive Dental Pearl: Harmony and Occlusal Compatibility Always ensure restorative anatomy suits the patient's natural occlusal scheme and age-related wear. If opposing teeth are flat and amalgam-filled, polished cuspal anatomy will be incompatible — flatten as needed to conform. Need to Read it? Check out the Full Episode Transcript below! Key Takeaways Common mistakes in ClinCheck planning often stem from occlusion issues. Effective communication and documentation are crucial in clinical support. Occlusion must be set correctly to ensure successful treatment outcomes. Understanding the patient's profile is essential for effective orthodontics. Collaboration between GPs and orthodontists can enhance patient care. Retention of orthodontic results is a lifelong commitment. Aesthetic goals must align with functional occlusion in treatment planning. Informed consent is critical when discussing potential surgical interventions. The tongue plays a crucial role in orthodontic outcomes. Spacing cases should often be approached as restorative cases. Aligners can achieve precise spacing more effectively than fixed appliances. Enamel adjustments may be necessary for optimal occlusion post-treatment. Retention strategies must be tailored to individual patient needs. Case assessment is vital for determining treatment complexity. Highlights of this episode: 00:00 Teaser 00:59 Intro 02:53  Pearl – Harmony and Occlusal Compatibility 05:57 Dr. Jesper Hatt Introduction 07:34 Clinical Support Systems 10:18 Occlusion and Aligner Therapy 20:41 Bite Recording Considerations 25:32 Collaborative Approach in Orthodontics 30:31 Occlusal Goals vs. Aesthetic Goals 31:42 Midroll 35:03 Occlusal Goals vs. Aesthetic Goals 35:25 Challenges with Spacing Cases 42:19 Occlusion Checkpoints After Aligners 50:17 Considerations for Retention 54:55 Case Assessment and Treatment Planning 58:14 Key Lessons and Final Thoughts 01:00:19 Interconnectedness of Body and Teeth 01:02:48 Resources for Dentists and Case Support 01:04:40 Outro Free Aligner Case Support!Send your patient's case number and get a full assessment in 24 hours—easy, moderate, complex, or referral. Plus, access our 52-point planning protocol and 2-min photo course. No uploads, no cost. [Get Free Access Now] Learn more at alignerservice.com If you enjoyed this episode, don't miss: Do's and Don'ts of Aligners [STRAIGHTPRIL] – PDP071 #PDPMainEpisodes #OcclusionTMDandSplints #OrthoRestorative This episode is eligible for 1 CE credit via the quiz on Protrusive Guidance.  This episode meets GDC Outcomes A and C. AGD Subject Code: 370 ORTHODONTICS (Functional orthodontic therapy) Aim: To provide general dentists with practical guidance for managing occlusion in aligner therapy, from bite capture to retention, including common pitfalls, functional considerations, and case selection. Dentists will be able to – Identify common errors in digital bite capture and occlusion setup. Understand the impact of anterior inclination and mandibular movement patterns on occlusal stability. Plan retention strategies appropriate for aligner and restorative cases.

Let's be honest – the occlusion after Aligner cases can be a little ‘off' (even after fixed appliances!) How do you know if your patient's occlusion after aligner treatment is acceptable or risky? What practical guidelines can general dentists follow to manage occlusion when orthodontic results aren't textbook-perfect? Jaz and Dr. Jesper Hatt explore the most common challenges dentists face, from ClinCheck errors and digital setup pitfalls to balancing aesthetics with functional occlusion. They also discuss key strategies to help you evaluate, guide, and optimize occlusion in your patients, because understanding what is acceptable and what needs intervention can make all the difference in long-term treatment stability and patient satisfaction. https://youtu.be/e74lUbyTCaA Watch PDP250 on YouTube Protrusive Dental Pearl: Harmony and Occlusal Compatibility Always ensure restorative anatomy suits the patient's natural occlusal scheme and age-related wear. If opposing teeth are flat and amalgam-filled, polished cuspal anatomy will be incompatible — flatten as needed to conform. Need to Read it? Check out the Full Episode Transcript below! Key Takeaways Common mistakes in ClinCheck planning often stem from occlusion issues. Effective communication and documentation are crucial in clinical support. Occlusion must be set correctly to ensure successful treatment outcomes. Understanding the patient’s profile is essential for effective orthodontics. Collaboration between GPs and orthodontists can enhance patient care. Retention of orthodontic results is a lifelong commitment. Aesthetic goals must align with functional occlusion in treatment planning. Informed consent is critical when discussing potential surgical interventions. The tongue plays a crucial role in orthodontic outcomes. Spacing cases should often be approached as restorative cases. Aligners can achieve precise spacing more effectively than fixed appliances. Enamel adjustments may be necessary for optimal occlusion post-treatment. Retention strategies must be tailored to individual patient needs. Case assessment is vital for determining treatment complexity. Highlights of this episode: 00:00 Teaser 00:59 Intro 02:53  Pearl – Harmony and Occlusal Compatibility 05:57 Dr. Jesper Hatt Introduction 07:34 Clinical Support Systems 10:18 Occlusion and Aligner Therapy 20:41 Bite Recording Considerations 25:32 Collaborative Approach in Orthodontics 30:31 Occlusal Goals vs. Aesthetic Goals 31:42 Midroll 35:03 Occlusal Goals vs. Aesthetic Goals 35:25 Challenges with Spacing Cases 42:19 Occlusion Checkpoints After Aligners 50:17 Considerations for Retention 54:55 Case Assessment and Treatment Planning 58:14 Key Lessons and Final Thoughts 01:00:19 Interconnectedness of Body and Teeth 01:02:48 Resources for Dentists and Case Support 01:04:40 Outro Free Aligner Case Support!Send your patient's case number and get a full assessment in 24 hours—easy, moderate, complex, or referral. Plus, access our 52-point planning protocol and 2-min photo course. No uploads, no cost. [Get Free Access Now] Learn more at alignerservice.com If you enjoyed this episode, don't miss: Do's and Don'ts of Aligners [STRAIGHTPRIL] – PDP071 #PDPMainEpisodes #OcclusionTMDandSplints #OrthoRestorative This episode is eligible for 1 CE credit via the quiz on Protrusive Guidance. This episode meets GDC Outcomes A and C. AGD Subject Code: 370 ORTHODONTICS (Functional orthodontic therapy) Aim: To provide general dentists with practical guidance for managing occlusion in aligner therapy, from bite capture to retention, including common pitfalls, functional considerations, and case selection. Dentists will be able to – Identify common errors in digital bite capture and occlusion setup. Understand the impact of anterior inclination and mandibular movement patterns on occlusal stability. Plan retention strategies appropriate for aligner and restorative cases. Click below for full episode transcript: Teaser: The one thing that we always check initially is the occlusion set correct by the aligner company. Because if the occlusion is not set correctly, everything else just doesn't matter because the teeth will move, but into a wrong position because the occlusion is off from the beginning. I don't know about you, but if half the orthodontists are afraid of controlling the root movements in extraction cases, as a GP, I would be terrified. Teaser:I don’t care if you just move from premolar to premolar or all the teeth. Orthodontics is orthodontics, so you will affect all the teeth during the treatment. The question’s just how much. Imagine going to a football stadium. The orthodontist will be able to find the football stadium.  If it’s a reasonable orthodontist, he’ll be able to find the section you’re going to sit in, and if he’s really, really, really good, he will be able to find the row that you’re going to sit in, but the exact spot where you are going to sit… he will never, ever be able to find that with orthodontics. Jaz’s Introduction: Hello, Protruserati. I’m Jaz Gulati. Welcome back to your favorite dental podcast. I’m joined today by our guest, Dr. Jesper Hatt. All this dentist does is help other dentists with their treatment plans for aligners. From speaking to him, I gather that he’s no longer practicing clinically and is full-time clinical support for colleagues for their aligner cases. So there’s a lot we can learn from someone who day in day out has to do so much treatment planning and speaking to GDPs about their cases, how they’re tracking, how they’re not tracking, complications, and then years of seeing again, okay, how well did that first set of aligners actually perform? What is predictable and what isn’t? And as well as asking what are the most common errors we make on our ClinChecks or treatment plan softwares. I really wanted to probe in further. I really want to ask him about clinical guidelines for occlusion after ortho. Sometimes we treat a case and whilst the aesthetics of that aligner case is beautiful, the occlusion is sometimes not as good. So let’s talk about what that actually means. What is a not-good occlusion? What is a good occlusion? And just to offer some guidelines for practitioners to follow because guess what? No orthodontist in the world is gonna ever get the occlusion correct through ortho. Therefore, we as GPs are never gonna get a perfect textbook occlusion, but we need to understand what is acceptable and what is a good guideline to follow. That’s exactly what we’ll present to you in this episode today. Dental PearlNow, this is a CE slash CPD eligible episode and as our main PDP episode, I’ll give you a Protrusive Dental Pearl. Today’s pearl is very much relevant to the theme of orthodontics and occlusion we’re discussing today, and it’s probably a pearl I’ve given to you already in the past somewhere down the line, but it’s so important and so key. I really want to just emphasize on it again. In fact, a colleague messaged me recently and it reminded me of this concept I’m about to explain. She sent me an image of a resin bonded bridge she did, which had failed. It was a lower incisor, and just a few days after bonding, it failed. And so this dentist is feeling a bit embarrassed and wanted my advice. Now, by the way, guys, if you message me for advice on Instagram, on Facebook, or something like that, it’s very hit and miss. Like my priorities in life are family, health, and everything that happens on Protrusive Guidance. Our network. If you message me outside that network, I may not see it. The team might, but I may not see it. It’s the only way that I can really maintain control and calm in my life. The reason for saying this, I don’t want anyone to be offended. I’m not ignoring anyone. It’s just the volume of messages I get year on year, they’re astronomical. And I don’t mind if you nudge me. If you messaged me something weeks or months ago and I haven’t replied, I probably haven’t seen it. Please do nudge me. And the best place to catch me on is Protrusive Guidance. If you DM me on Protrusive Guidance, home of the nicest and geekiest dentists in the world, that’s the only platform I will log in daily. That’s our baby, our community. Anyway, so I caught this Facebook message and it was up to me to help this colleague. And one observation I made is that the lower teeth were all worn. The upper teeth were really worn, but this resin bonded bridge pontic, it just looked like a perfect tooth. The patient was something like 77 or 80. So it really made me think that, okay, why are we putting something that looks like a 25-year-old’s tooth in a 77-year-old? But even forgetting age and stuff, you have to look at the adjacent teeth in the arch. Is your restoration harmonious with the other teeth in the arch, and of course is the restoration harmonious with what’s opposing it? Because it’s just not compatible. So part one of this pearl is make sure any restoration you do, whether it’s direct or indirect, is harmonious with the patient’s arch and with the opposing teeth and with their occlusal scheme. Because otherwise, if you get rubber dam on and you give your 75-year-old patient beautiful composite resin, it’s got all that cuspal fissure pattern and anatomy, and you take that rubber dam off and you notice that all the other teeth are flat and the opposing teeth are flat amalgams, guess what? You’re gonna be making your composite flat, whether you like it or not. You created a restoration that’s proud, right? That’s why you did not conform to the patient’s own arch or existing anatomical scheme. So the part B of this is the thing that I get very excited to talk about, right? So sometimes you have a worn dentition, but then you have one tooth that’s not worn at all. It’s like that in-standing lateral incisor, right? Think of an upper lateral incisor that’s a bit in-standing, and you see some wear on all the incisors, but that lateral incisor does not have any wear in it because it was never in the firing line. It was never in function. It was never in parafunction. Now, if you give this patient aligners or fixed appliances, you’re doing ortho and you’re now going to align this lateral incisor. So it’s now gonna eventually get into occlusion and it will be in the functional and parafunctional pathways of this patient. Do you really think you can just leave that incisor be? No. It’s not gonna be compatible with the adjacent teeth. It’s not going to be compatible with the opposing tooth and the occlusal scheme. So guess what? You have to get your bur out or your Sof-Lex disc out, and you have to bake in some years into that tooth. Or you have to build up all the other teeth if appropriate for that patient. You’ve just gotta think about it. And I hope that makes sense so you can stay out of trouble. You’re not gonna get chipping and you can consent your patient appropriately for enamel adjustment, which is something that we do talk about in this episode. I think you’re in for an absolute cracker. I hope you enjoy. I’ll catch you in the outro. Main Episode: Doctor Jesper Hatt, thank you so much for coming to Protrusive Dental Podcast. We met in Scandinavia, in Copenhagen. You delivered this wonderful lecture and it was so nice to connect with you then and to finally have you on the show. Tell us, how are you, where in the world are you, and tell us about yourself. [Jesper] Well, thank you for the invitation, first of all. Well, I’m a dentist. I used to practice in Denmark since I originally come from Denmark. My mother’s from Germany, and now I live in Switzerland and have stopped practicing dentistry since 2018. Now I only do consulting work and I help doctors around the world with making their aligner business successful. [Jaz] And this is like probably clinical advice, but also like strategic advice and positioning and that kinda stuff. Probably the whole shebang, right? [Jesper] Yeah. I mean, I have a team around me, so my wife’s a dentist as well, and I would say she’s the expert in Europe on clear aligners. She’s been working for, first of all, our practice. She’s a dentist too. She worked with me in the practice. We practiced together for 10 years. Then she became a clinical advisor for Allion Tech with responsibility for clinical support of Scandinavia. She was headhunted to ClearCorrect, worked in Basel while I was doing more and more consulting stuff in Denmark. So she was traveling back and forth, and I considered this to be a little bit challenging for our family. So I asked her, well, why don’t we just relocate to Switzerland since ClearCorrect is located there? And sure we did. And after two years she told me, I think clinical support, it’s okay. And I like to train the teams, but I’d really like to do more than that because she found out that doctors, they were able to book a spot sometime in the future, let’s say two weeks out in the future at a time that suited the doctors… no, not the doctors, ClearCorrect. Or Invisalign or whatever clear aligner company you use. So as a doctor, you’re able to block the spot and at that time you can have your 30 minutes one-on-one online with a clinical expert. And she said it’s always between the patients or administrative stuff. So they’re not really focused on their ClearCorrect or clear aligner patient. And so they forget half of what I tell them. I can see it in the setups they do. They end up having to call me again. It doesn’t work like that. I would like to help them. [Jaz] It’s a clunky pathway of mentorship. [Jesper] Yes. And so she wanted to change the way clinical support was built up. So we do it differently. We do it only in writing so people can remember what we are telling them. They can always go back in the note and see what’s been going on, what was the advice we gave them, and we offer this co-creation support where we take over most of the treatment planning of the ClearCorrect or Clear Aligner or Spark or Invisalign or Angel Aligner treatment planning. So we do all the digital planning for the doctor, deliver what we think would be right for the patient based on the feedback we initially got from the doctor. And then the doctor can come back and say, well, I’d like a little more space for some crowns in the front, or I would like the canines to be in a better position in order to achieve immediate post disclusion. And so we can go into this discussion back and forth and adjust the digital setup in a way that is more realistic and predictable and do it all for the doctors. So they, on an average, they spend four to six hours less chair time when they use that kind of service compared to if they do everything themselves. And on top of that, you can put your planning time. She was responsible for that and it works quite well. I still remember when we initially got on all these online calls and we would see fireworks in the background and confetti coming down from the top and all of that. [Jaz] Exactly. So excuse that little bit, but okay. So essentially what you’re doing is, for an aligner user myself, for example, you’re doing the ClinChecks, you are helping, supporting with the ClinChecks, the planning. And I’ve got a lot of questions about that. The first question I’ll start with, which is off the script, but there’s probably a hundred different mistakes that could happen in a ClinCheck, right? But what is the most repeatable, predictable, common mistake that you’ll see when a new user sends a case to you to help them with their planning? What’s the most common mistake that you will see in a setup? [Jesper] Two things, actually. The one thing that we always check initially is the occlusion set correct by the aligner company. Because if the occlusion is not set correctly, everything else just doesn’t matter because the teeth will move but into a wrong position because the occlusion is off from the beginning. And so we always check that as the first part. How does this— [Jaz] So let’s talk about that ’cause that might be confusing for a younger colleague because they’re like, hey, hang on a minute. I scanned the bite left and right. What do you mean the occlusion is wrong? Because surely that gets carried through into what I see on the ClinCheck. So what do you think is the mechanism for this to happen? [Jesper] Two different reasons. I’m from a time when I graduated in 2003, so that was before digital dentistry. So when I went to the Pankey Institute and learned everything about functional occlusion and all of that stuff, I also found out that most of my patients, when I put silicone impression material between the teeth and asked the patients to bite together, they would always protrude a little bit unless I instructed them to bite hard on the posterior teeth. And when we got the scanners, when we put a scanner into the cheek and pull the cheek, most patients, when we asked them to bite together to do the intraoral scan of the bite, they also protruded a little bit, not much, but enough to set the bite wrong. So that is the one challenge when the technicians of the aligner companies put the models together. The other challenge is that some of the aligner companies, they let the technicians set the models. We always, as the first thing when we see a case, we always look at the photos, the clinical photos. And that’s why the clinical photos have to be of great quality. So we look at the clinical photos of the patient— [Jaz] And also in those clinical photos, Jesper, you have to coach them correctly to bite. You have to notice if they’re biting wrong even in the photos ’cause then it just duplicates the error. And that’s why good photography and actually being able to coach the patient is so imperative. [Jesper] Yes, that’s correct. But we compare the two and usually if we see a difference, we ask the doctor, is what we see in the photo correct, or is what we see on the digital models correct? And because we don’t like differences. So that would be the first step to look for. And what’s the second? The second thing is that when you look at the setup, the anterior teeth are usually—I’m trying to show you—the anterior teeth are very, very steep. Typically with aligners it’s a lot easier to tip the crowns. So when you have a class II patient, deviation one, where the anteriors are in a forward position, proclined, and you have a lot of space between the anteriors of the maxilla and the mandible, then the easiest thing on a digital setup is to just retrocline the anteriors of the upper to make them fit the lowers, which you could then procline a little bit, but usually you have very steep relationships between the two and this— [Jaz] So you’re more likely to restrict the envelope of function, functional interference anteriorly. You are obviously reducing the overjet, but you may end up reducing like a wall contact rather than an elegant, more open gate. [Jesper] Yes. And there’s another dimension to this because when we work with orthodontics, one of the most important things to look for is actually the profile of the patient. Because let’s say I’m trying to illustrate this now, so I hope you get a 90— [Jaz] So describe it for our audio listeners as well. So we’re looking at a profile view of Jesper. [Jesper] Yes. So I’m turning the side to the camera. I hope you can see my profile here. So let’s say I had flared anterior maxillary teeth and I wanted to retrocline them. It would have an effect on my upper lip, so the lip would fall backwards if I just retrocline everything. And every millimeter we move the anteriors in the maxilla in a posterior direction, we will have a potential lip drop of three millimeters. In addition, if we don’t get the nasolabial angulation correct, we risk the lower face will simply disappear in the face of the patient. So soft tissue plays a role here, so we cannot just retrocline the teeth. It looks great on the computer screen, but when it comes to reality, we’ll have a functional challenge. We’ll have a soft tissue support challenge, and in addition we’ll have long-term retention challenges as well. Because when you have a steep inclination, the anterior teeth in the mandible, they don’t have any kind of support. They will not be stopped by anything in the maxillary teeth, which you would if you had the right inclination between the teeth, which would be about 120 degrees. So why do aligner companies always set the teeth straight up and down in the anterior part? We wondered about this for years. We don’t have a strict answer. We don’t know exactly why it’s like this, but I have a hunch. I think there are two things to it. First of all, the easiest thing to do with aligners is to move the crown, so we can just tip the teeth. You take them back, you make a lot of IPR, and then you just tip them so they’re retroclined. Secondly, all aligner companies, they come from the United States. And in the United States there is a higher representation of class III patients. Now why is that important? All our patients can be put into two different categories in regards to how they move their mandible. They are the crocodiles that only open and close, like move up and down, and then we have the cows. And then we have the cows that move the mandible around, or the camels. I mean, every camel, if you’ve seen a camel chew, it’s just moving from side to side. [Jaz] Horses as well. Horses as well. [Jesper] They kind of do that. [Jaz] But I’m glad you didn’t say rats ’cause it’s more elegant to be a crocodile than a rat. [Jesper] Exactly. And I usually say we only tell the crocodiles. So why is this a challenge and why isn’t it a challenge with class III patients? Well, all real class III patients act like crocodiles, so they don’t move them side to side. From a functional perspective, it’s really not a problem having steep anterior inclination or steep relationships as long as you have a stable stop where the anteriors—so the anteriors will not elongate and create the red effect. So they just elongate until they hit the palate. If you can make a stop in the anterior part of the occlusion, then you’ll have some kind of stability with the class III patients. But with class II patients, we see a lot more cows. So they move the mandible from side to side and anterior and back and forth and all… they have the mandible going all kinds of places. And when they do that, we need some kind of anterior guidance to guide the mandible. I usually say the upper jaw creates the framework in which the mandible will move. So if the framework is too small, we fight the muscles. And whenever we fight the muscles, we lose because muscles always win. It doesn’t matter if it’s teeth, if it’s bone, if it’s joints, they all lose if they fight the muscles— [Jaz] As Peter Dawson would say, in the war between teeth and muscles or any system and muscles, the muscles always win. Absolutely. And the other analogy you remind me of is the maxilla being like a garage or “garage” from UK, like a garage. And the mandible being like the car, and if you’re really constrained, you’re gonna crash in and you’re gonna… everything will be in tatters. So that’s another great way to think about it. Okay. That’s very, very helpful. I’m gonna—’cause there’s so much I wanna cover. And I think you’ve really summed up nicely. But one thing just to finish on this aspect of that common mistake being that the upper anteriors are retroclined, really what you’re trying to say is we need to be looking at other modalities, other movements. So I’m thinking you’re saying extraction, if it’s suitable for the face, or distalisation. Are you thinking like that rather than the easier thing for the aligners, which is the retrocline. Am I going about it the right way? [Jesper] Depends on the patient. [Jaz] Of course. [Jesper] Rule of thumb: if you’re a GP, don’t ever touch extraction cases. Rule of thumb. Why? Because it is extremely challenging to move teeth parallel. So you will most—especially with aligners—I mean, I talk with a very respected orthodontist once and I asked him, well, what do you think about GPs treating extraction cases where they extract, you know, two premolars in the maxilla? And he said, well, I don’t know how to answer this. Let me just explain to you: half of my orthodontist colleagues, they are afraid of extraction cases. And I asked them why. Because it’s so hard to control the root movement. Now, I don’t know about you— [Jaz] With aligners. We’re specifically talking about aligners here, right? [Jesper] With all kinds of orthodontic appliances. [Jaz] Thank you. [Jesper] So now, I don’t know about you, but if half the orthodontists are afraid of controlling the root movements in extraction cases, as a GP, I would be terrified. And I am a GP. So I usually say, yeah, sometimes you will have so much crowding and so little space in the mandible, so there’s an incisor that is almost popped out by itself. In those cases, yes. Then you can do an extraction case. But when we’re talking about premolars that are going to be extracted, or if you want to close the space in the posterior part by translating a tooth into that open space, don’t. It’s just the easiest way to end up in a disaster because the only thing you’ll see is just teeth that tip into that space, and you’ll have a really hard time controlling the root movements, getting them corrected again. [Jaz] Well, thank you for offering that guideline. I think that’s very sage advice for those GPs doing aligners, to stay in your lane and just be… the best thing about being a GP, Jesper, is you get to cherry pick, right? There’s so many bad things about being a GP. Like you literally have to be kinda like a micro-specialist in everything in a way. And so sometimes it’s good to be like, you know what, I’ll keep this and I’ll send this out. And being selective and case selection is the crux of everything. So I’m really glad you mentioned that. I mean, we talked and touched already on so much occlusion. The next question I’m gonna ask you then is, like you said, a common error is the bite and how the bite appears on the ClinCheck or whichever software a dentist is using. Now, related to bite, vast majority of orthodontic cases are treated in the patient’s existing habitual occlusion, their maximum intercuspal position. Early on in my aligner journey, I had a patient who had an anterior crossbite. And because of that anterior crossbite, their jaw deviated. It was a displaced—the lower jaw displaced. And then I learned from that, that actually for that instance, perhaps I should not have used an MIP scan. I should have used more like centric relation or first point of contact scan before the displacement of the jaw happens. So that was like always in my mind. Sometimes we can and should be using an alternative TMJ position or a bite reference other than MIP. Firstly, what do you think about that kind of scenario and are there any other scenarios which you would suggest that we should not be using the patient’s habitual occlusion for their bite scan for planning orthodontics? [Jesper] Well, I mentioned that I was trained at the Pankey Institute, and when you start out right after—I mean, I spent 400 hours over there. Initially, I thought I was a little bit brainwashed by that because I thought every single patient should be in centric relation. Now, after having put more than 600 patients on the bite appliance first before I did anything, I started to see some patterns. And so today, I would say it’s not all patients that I would get into centric relation before I start treating the teeth. But when we talk about aligner therapy and orthodontic treatment, I think it’s beneficial if you can see the signs for those patients where you would say, hmm, something in the occlusion here could be a little bit risky. So let’s say there are wear facets on the molars. That will always trigger a red flag in my head. Let’s say there are crossbites or bite positions that kind of lock in the teeth. We talked about class III patients before, and I said if it’s a real skeletal-deviation class III patient, it’s a crocodile. But sometimes patients are not real class III skeletal deviation patients. They’re simply being forced into a class III due to the occlusion. That’s where the teeth fit together. So once you put aligners between the teeth and plastic covers the surfaces, suddenly the patients are able to move the jaws more freely and then they start to seat into centric. That may be okay. Usually it is okay. The challenge is consequences. So when you’re a GP and you suddenly see a patient moving to centric relation and you find out, whoa, on a horizontal level there’s a four- to six-millimeter difference between the initial starting point and where we are now, and maybe we create an eight-millimeter open bite in the anterior as well because they simply seat that much. And I mean, we have seen it. So is this a disaster? Well, it depends. If you have informed the patient well enough initially and said, well, you might have a lower jaw that moves into a different position when we start out, and if this new position is really, really off compared to where you are right now, you might end up needing maxillofacial surgery, then the patient’s prepared. But if they’re not prepared and you suddenly have to tell them, you know, I think we might need maxillofacial surgery… I can come up with a lot of patients in my head that would say, hey doctor, that was not part of my plan. And they will be really disappointed. And at that point there’s no turning back, so you can’t reverse. So I think if you are unsure, then you are sure. Then you should use some kind of deprogramming device or figure out where is centric relation on this patient. If there isn’t that much of a difference between maximum intercuspation and centric— [Jesper] Relation, I don’t care. Because once you start moving the teeth, I don’t care if you just move from premolar to premolar or all the teeth. Orthodontics is orthodontics, so you will affect all the teeth during the treatment. The question’s just how much. And sometimes it’s just by putting plastic between the teeth that you will see a change, not in the tooth position, but in the mandibular position. And I just think it’s nicer to know a little bit where this is going before you start. And the more you see of this—I mean, as I mentioned, after 600 bite appliances in the mouths of my patients, I started to see patterns. And sometimes in the end, after 20 years of practicing, I started to say, let’s just start, see where this ends. But I would always inform the patients: if it goes totally out of control, we might end up needing surgery, and there’s no way to avoid it if that happens. And if the patients were okay with that, we’d just start out. Because I mean, is it bad? No. I just start the orthodontic treatment and I set the teeth as they should be in the right framework. Sometimes the upper and the lower jaw don’t fit together. Well, send them to the surgeon and they will move either the upper or the lower jaw into the right position, and then we have it. No harm is done because we have done the initial work that the orthodontist would do. But I will say when I had these surgical patients—let’s say we just started out with aligners and we figured, I can’t control this enough. I need a surgeon to look at this—then I would send them off to an orthodontist, and the orthodontist and the surgeon would take over. Because then—I mean, surgical patients and kids—that’s the second group of patients besides the extraction cases that I would not treat as a GP. ‘Cause we simply don’t know enough about how to affect growth on kids. And when it comes to surgery, there’s so much that is… so much knowledge that we need to know and the collaboration with the surgeons that we’re not trained to handle. So I think that should be handled by the orthodontists as well. [Jaz] I think collaborative cases like that are definitely specialist in nature, and I think that’s a really good point. I think the point there was informed consent. The mistake is you don’t warn the patient or you do not do the correct screening. So again, I always encourage my guests—so Jesper, you included—that we may disagree, and that’s okay. That’s the beauty of dentistry. So something that I look for is: if the patient has a stable and repeatable maximum intercuspal position, things lock very well, and there’s a minimal slide—like I use my leaf gauge and the CR-CP is like a small number of leaves and the jaw hardly moves a little bit—then there’s no point of uncoupling them, removing that nice posterior coupling that they have just to chase this elusive joint position. Then you have to do so many more teeth. But when we have a breakdown in the system, which you kind of said, if there’s wear as one aspect, or we think that, okay, this patient’s occlusion is not really working for them, then we have an opportunity to do full-mouth rehabilitation in enamel. Because that’s what orthodontics is. And so that’s a point to consider. So I would encourage our GP colleagues to look at the case, look at the patient in front of you, and decide: is this a stable, repeatable occlusion that you would like to use as a baseline, or is there something wrong? Then consider referring out or considering—if you’re more advanced in occlusion studies—using an alternative position, not the patient’s own bite as a reference. So anything you wanna add to that or disagree with in that monologue I just said there? [Jesper] No, I think there’s one thing I’d like the listeners to consider. I see a lot of fighting between orthodontists and GPs, and I think it should be a collaboration instead. There’s a lot of orthodontists that are afraid of GPs taking over more and more aligner treatments, and they see a huge increase in the amount of cases that go wrong. Well, there’s a huge increase of patients being treated, so there will be more patients, just statistically, that will get into problems. Now, if the orthodontist is smart—in my opinion, that’s my opinion—they reach out to all their referring doctors and they tell them, look, come in. I will teach you which cases you can start with and which you should refer. Let’s start there. Start your aligner treatments. Start out, try stuff. I will be there to help you if you run into problems. So whenever you see a challenge, whenever there’s a problem, send the patient over to me and I’ll take over. But I will be there to help you if anything goes wrong. Now, the reason this is really, really a great business advice for the orthodontists is because once you teach the GPs around you to look for deviations from the normal, which would be the indication for orthodontics, the doctors start to diagnose and see a lot more patients needing orthodontics and prescribe it to the patients, or at least propose it to the patients. Which would initially not do much more than just increase the amount of aligner treatments. But over time, I tell you, all the orthodontists doing this, they are drowning in work. So I mean, they will literally be overflown by patients being referred by all the doctors, because suddenly all the other doctors around them start to diagnose orthodontically. They see the patients which they haven’t seen before. So I think this is—from a business perspective—a really, really great thing for the orthodontists to have a collaboration with this. And it’ll also help the GPs to feel more secure when they start treating their patients. And in the end, that will lead to more patients getting the right treatment they deserve. And I think that is the core. That is what’s so important for us to remember. That’s what we’re here for. I mean, yes, it’s nice to make money. We have to live. It’s nice with a great business, but what all dentists I know of are really striving for is to treat their patients to the best of their ability. And this helps them to do that. [Jaz] Ultimate benefactor of this collaborative approach is the patient. And I love that you said that. I think I want all orthodontists to listen to that soundbite and take it on board and be willing to help. Most of them I know are lovely orthodontists and they’re helping to teach their GPs and help them and in return they get lots of referrals. And I think that’s the best way to go. Let’s talk a little bit about occlusal goals we look for at the end of orthodontics. This is an interesting topic. I’m gonna start by saying that just two days ago I got a DM from one of the Protruserati, his name is Keith Curry—shout out to him on Instagram—and he just sent me a little message: “Jaz, do you sometimes find that when you’re doing alignment as a GP that it’s conflicting the orthodontic, the occlusal goal you’re trying to get?” And I knew what I was getting to. It’s that scenario whereby you have the kind of class II division 2, right? But they have anterior guidance. Now you align everything, okay, and now you completely lost anterior guidance. And so the way I told him is that, you know what, yes, this is happening all the time. Are we potentially at war between an aesthetic smile and a functional occlusion? And sometimes there’s a compromise. Sometimes you can have both. But that—to achieve both—needs either a specialist set of eyes or lots of auxiliary techniques or a lot more time than what GPs usually give for their cases. So first let’s touch on that. Do you also agree that sometimes there is a war between what will be aesthetic and what will be a nice functional occlusion? And then we’ll actually talk about, okay, what are some of the guidelines that we look for at the end of completing an aligner case? [Jesper] Great question and great observation. I would say I don’t think there’s a conflict because what I’ve learned is form follows function. So if you get the function right, aesthetics will always be great. Almost always. I mean, we have those crazy-shaped faces sometimes, but… so form follows function. The challenge here is that in adult patients, we cannot manipulate growth. So a skeletal deviation is a skeletal deviation, which means if we have a class II patient, it’s most likely that that patient has a skeletal deviation. I rarely see a dental deviation. It happens, but it’s really, really rare. So that means that in principle, all our class II and chronic class III patients are surgical patients. However, does that mean that we should treat all our class II and class III patients surgically? No, I don’t think so. But we have to consider that they are all compromise cases. So we need to figure a compromise. So initially, when I started out with my occlusal knowledge, I have to admit, I didn’t do the orthodontic treatment planning. I did it with Heller, and she would give me feedback and tell me, I think this is doable and this is probably a little bit challenging. If we do this instead, we can keep the teeth within the bony frame. We can keep them in a good occlusion. Then I would say, well, you have a flat curve of Spee. I’d like to have a little bit of curve. It’s called a curve of Spee and not the orthodontic flat curve of Spee. And then we would have a discussion back and forth about that. Then initially I would always want anterior coupling where the anterior teeth would touch each other. I have actually changed that concept in my mind and accepted the orthodontic way of thinking because most orthodontists will leave a little space in the anterior. So when you end the orthodontic treatment, you almost always have a little bit of space between the anterior teeth so they don’t touch each other. Why? Because no matter what, no matter how you retain the patient after treatment, there will still be some sort of relapse. And we don’t know where it’ll come or how, but it will come. Because the teeth will always be positioned in a balance between the push from the tongue and from the cheeks and the muscles surrounding the teeth. And that’s a dynamic that changes over the years. So I don’t see retention as a one- or two-year thing. It’s a lifelong thing. And the surrounding tissues will change the pressure and thereby the balance between the tongue and the cheeks and where the teeth would naturally settle into position. Now, that said, as I mentioned initially, if we fight the muscles, we’ll lose. So let’s say we have an anterior open bite. That will always create a tongue habit where the patient positions the tongue in the anterior teeth when they swallow because if they don’t, food and drink will just be splashed out between the teeth. They can’t swallow. It will just be pushed out of the mouth. [Jaz] So is that not like a secondary thing? Like that tongue habit is secondary to the AOB? So in those cases, if you correct the anterior open bite, theoretically should that tongue posture not self-correct? [Jesper] Well, we would like to think so, but it’s not always the case. And there’s several reasons to it. Because why are the teeth in the position? Is it because of the tongue or because of the tooth position? Now, spacing cases is one of those cases where you can really illustrate it really well. It looks really easy to treat these patients. If we take away all the soft tissue considerations on the profile photo, I mean, you can just retract the teeth and you close all the spaces—super easy. Tipping movements. It’s super easy orthodontically to move quickly. Very easy as well. However, you restrict the tongue and now we have a retention problem. So there are three things that can happen. You can bond a retainer on the lingual side or the palatal side of the teeth, upper, lower—just bond everything together—and after three months, you will have a diastema distal to the bonded retainer because the tongue simply pushes all the teeth in an anterior direction. [Jaz] I’ve also seen—and you’ve probably seen this as well—the patient’s tongue being so strong in these exact scenarios where the multiple spacing has been closed, which probably should have been a restorative plan rather than orthodontic plan, and the retainer wire snaps in half. [Jesper] Yes, from the tongue. [Jaz] That always fascinated me. [Jesper] Well, you’ll see debonding all the time, even though you sandblast and you follow all the bonding protocol. And debonding, breaking wires, diastemas in places where you think, how is that even possible? Or—and this is the worst part—or you induce sleep apnea on these patients because you simply restrict the space for the tongue. So they start snoring, and then they have a total different set of health issues afterwards. So spacing—I mean, this just illustrates the power of the tongue and why we should always be careful with spacing cases. I mean, spacing cases, in my opinion, are always to be considered ortho-restorative cases. Or you can consider, do you want to leave some space distal to the canines? Because there you can create an optical illusion with composites. Or do you want to distribute space equally between the teeth and place veneers or crowns or whatever. And this is one of those cases where I’d say aligners are just fabulous compared to fixed appliances. Because if you go to an orthodontist only using fixed appliances and you tell that orthodontist, please redistribute space in the anterior part of the maxilla and I want exactly 1.2 millimeters between every single tooth in the anterior segment, six years later he’s still not reached that goal because it just moves back and forth. Put aligners on: three months later, you have exactly—and I mean exactly—1.2 millimeters of space between each and every single tooth. When it comes to intrusion and extrusion, I would probably consider using fixed appliances rather than aligners if it’s more than three millimeters. So every orthodontic system—and aligners are just an orthodontic system—each system has its pros and cons, and we just have to consider which system is right for this patient that I have in my chair. But back to the tongue issue. What should we do? I mean, yes, there are two different schools. So if you have, let’s say, a tongue habit that needs to be treated, there are those that say we need to get rid of the tongue habit before we start to correct the teeth. And then there are those that say that doesn’t really work because there’s no room for the tongue. So we need to create room for the tongue first and then train the patient to stop the habit. Both schools and both philosophies are being followed out there. I have my preferred philosophy, but I will let the listener start to think about what they believe and follow their philosophy. Because there is nothing here that is right or wrong. And that is— [Jaz] I think the right answer, Jesper, is probably speak to that local orthodontist who’s gonna be helping you out and whatever they recommend—their religion—follow that one. Because then at least you have something to defend yourself. Like okay, I followed the way you said. Let’s fix it together now. [Jesper] That’s a great one. Yeah, exactly. [Jaz] Okay, well just touching up on the occlusion then, sometimes we do get left with like suboptimal occlusions. But to be able to define a suboptimal occlusion… let’s wrap this occlusion element up. When we are completing an orthodontic case—let’s talk aligners specifically—when the aligners come off and the fixed retainers come on, for example, and the patient’s now in retention, what are some of the occlusal checkpoints or guidelines that you advise checking for to make sure that, okay, now we have a reasonably okay occlusion and let things settle from here? For example, it would be, for me, a failure if the patient finishes their aligners and they’re only holding articulating paper on one side and not the other side. That’s for me a failure. Or if they’ve got a posterior open bite bilaterally. Okay, then we need to go refinement. We need to get things sorted. But then where do you draw the line? How extreme do you need to be? Do you need every single tooth in shim-stock foil contact? Because then we are getting really beyond that. We have to give the adaptation some wiggle room to happen. So I would love to know from your learning at Pankey, from your experience, what would you recommend is a good way for a GP to follow about, okay, it may not be perfect and you’ll probably never get perfect. And one of the orthodontists that taught me said he’s never, ever done a case that’s finished with a perfect occlusion ever. And he said that to me. [Jesper] So—and that’s exactly the point with orthodontics. I learned that imagine going to a football stadium. The orthodontist will be able to find the football stadium. If it’s a reasonable orthodontist, he’ll be able to find the section you’re going to sit in. And if he’s really, really, really good, he will be able to find the row that you’re going to sit in. But the exact spot where you are going to sit, he will never, ever be able to find that with orthodontics. And this is where settling comes in and a little bit of enamel adjustments. [Jaz] I’m so glad you said that. I’m so glad you mentioned enamel adjustment. That’s a very dirty word, but I agree with that. And here’s what I teach on my occlusion courses: what we do with aligners essentially is we’re tampering with the lock. Let’s say the upper jaw is the lock. It’s the still one. We’re tampering with the key, which is the lower jaw—the one that moves—we tamper with the key and the lock, and we expect them both to fit together at the end without having to shave the key and to modify the lock. So for years I was doing aligners without enamel adjustment ’cause my eyes were not open. My mind was not open to this. And as I learned, and now I use digital measuring of occlusion stuff and I seldom can finish a case to get a decent—for my criteria, which is higher than it used to be, and my own stat—is part of my own growth that’s happened over time is that I just think it’s an important skill that GPs are not taught and they should be. It’s all about finishing that case. And I think, I agree with you that some adjustment goes a long way. We’re not massacring enamel. It’s little tweaks to get that. [Jesper] Exactly. I like the sound there because sometimes you hear that “ahh,” it doesn’t really sound right, but “tsst,” that’s better. [Jaz] That’s the one. You know, it reminds me of that lecture you did in Copenhagen. You did this cool thing—which I’ve never seen anyone do before. You sat with one leg over the other and you said, okay guys, bite together. Everyone bit together. And then you swapped the legs so the other leg was over the other and bite together. And then you said, okay, whose occlusion felt different? And about a third of the audience put their hand up, I think. Tell us about that for a second. [Jesper] Well, just promise me we go back to the final part because there are some things we should consider. [Jaz] Let’s save this as a secret thing at the end for incentive for everyone to listen to the end—how the leg position changes your occlusion. Let’s talk about the more important thing. I digressed. [Jesper] Let’s talk about the occlusal goals because I think it’s important. I mean, if you do enamel adjustments in the end—so when we finish the treatment, when we come to the last aligner in the treatment plan—I think we should start by breaking things down to the simplest way possible. Start by asking the patient: are you satisfied with the way the teeth look? Yes or no? If she’s satisfied, great. How do you feel about the occlusion? “Well, it fits okay.” Great. Now the patient is happy. There’s nothing she wants to—or he wants to—change. Then you look at the occlusion. Now, it is important to remember that what we see on the computer screen, on the aligner planning tools, will never, ever correspond 100% to what we see in the mouth of the patient. And there are several reasons for that. But one of the things that we have found to be really interesting is that if you take that last step and you say, okay, the occlusion doesn’t fit exactly as on the screen, but it’s kind of there… if you use that last step and you don’t do a re-scan for a retainer, but you use the last step of the aligner treatment as your reference for your aligner retainer… We sometimes see that over six months, if the patient wears that aligner 22 hours a day for another three to six months, the teeth will settle more and more into the aligner and create an occlusion that looks more and more like what you see on the screen. Which to me just tells me that the biology doesn’t necessarily follow the plan everywhere in the tempo that we set throughout the aligner plan. But over time, at the last step, if it’s just minor adjustments, the teeth will actually move into that position if we use the last stage as a reference for the retainer. Now, if we do a scan at that point and use that as a reference for creating an aligner retainer, then we just keep the teeth in that position. Now, if the teeth are a little bit more off— [Jaz] I’m just gonna recap that, Jesper, ’cause I understood what you said there, but I want you to just make sure I fully understood it. When we request, for example, Align, the Vivera retainer, it gives you an option: “I will submit a new scan” or “use the last step.” And actually I seldom use that, but now I realize you’re right. It makes sense. But then on the one hand, if the occlusion is—if the aesthetics are good and the patient’s occlusion feels good, what is your own judgment to decide whether we’re still going to allow for some more settling and occlusal changes to happen over a year using the Vivera retainers based on the ClinCheck last-aligner profile, rather than, okay, let’s just retain to this position? What is making you do the extra work, extra monitoring? [Jesper] To me, it’s not extra monitoring. It’s just basic. I mean, it’s just part of my protocol. I follow the patients. And honestly, to me, it’s just time-saving to just use the last step in the aligner. Because I mean, if the plan is right and if the teeth have been tracking well, they should be in that position. Why do I then need to re-scan for Vivera retainers or for other kinds of retainers? Now, if the occlusion is a little bit more off—and in a minute you’ll probably ask me when do I see which is which, and I can’t really tell you; it’s about experience—but that’s the beauty of this. If I see there’s a little bit more deviation and I like some teeth, the occlusion isn’t really good on one side compared to the other side, I would rather have a bonded retainer from first premolar to first premolar in the mandible, combined with a Hawley or Begg or something like that retainer for the upper. And you can order them with an acrylic plate covering some of the anterior teeth so they keep that position, but that allows the teeth to settle. And over three months you should see some kind of improvement. If you don’t see enough improvement and let’s say you still have a tendency for a kind of an open bite on one side, you can always add some cross elastics, put some buttons on the upper, on the lower, instruct the patient to use these, and then in three months you will have the occlusion you want. Now, once that is established—you have that kind of occlusion—you need to keep the teeth there for at least six months before you do some kind of equilibration or enamel adjustment. Because if you do the enamel adjustment right after you have reached your final destination for the teeth, the teeth will still settle and move. So you do the equilibration, two weeks later everything looks off again. You do the equilibration, two weeks later things have changed again. So I prefer to wait six months before I do the final equilibration. Now, in this equation what we’ve been talking about here, it goes from very simple to more and more complex. And then we have to consider, well, did I expand the mandible posterior segment? If so, I can’t just use a bonded retainer on the lower and I need to add something to keep the teeth out there in combination with whatever I want in the upper. Do I want to keep the Begg retainer or the Hawley, or do I want to change to something differently? So these kinds of considerations have to be there from the beginning of the treatment because, I mean, it costs additional money to order a Begg retainer compared to just an aligner. [Jaz] A Begg retainer is the same as Hawley? [Jesper] Well, no. It has a little different design. [Jaz] Oh, a Begg as in B-E-G-G? [Jesper] Yes. [Jaz] Yeah, got it. Got it. Okay. [Jesper] And then in Denmark we use the Jensen retainer, which is a Danish invention, which goes from canine to canine or from first premolar to first premolar but with a different type of wire which keeps the teeth more in place compared to a round wire. So there are different variations. The most important part here is it allows the posterior teeth to settle so they can move, which they can’t in an aligner to the same degree at least. Now, this is all really nice in teeth that only need to be moved into the right position, but most of our patients are adult patients, or they should at least be adult patients. Most of my patients were more than 30 years old. So if you have a patient with anterior crowding and you move the teeth into the right position where the teeth should be, the teeth are in the right position, but they still look ugly because they have been worn anteriorly by the position they were in when they were crooked. So when we position them, we still need to do some restorative work. Then what? We still need to retain those teeth. The patient wants to be finished now as fast as possible, so we can’t wait the six months to make the final touches. So we have to figure out: what do we do? And then we have to think of some kind of retention strategy to keep the teeth in place during that restorative procedure. And I mean, at the end of an aligner treatment or any orthodontic treatment, two days is enough to have relapse in some patients. Some patients it’s not a problem. The teeth are just there to stay in the same position for three months, and then they start to move a little bit around. But other patients—I mean, you just have to look away and then go back to the teeth and they’re in a different position. You can’t know what kind of patient you have in your chair right now. So you have to consider the way you plan your restorative procedure in regards to how you retain the teeth during that phase. So if you want to do anterior composites or veneers, do it all at once. Put in a bonded retainer, scan, and get your aligner retainer as fast as possible. Or use a Begg or a Hawley or something like that that’s a little bit more flexible. If you want to do crowns, then we have a whole different challenge and then we have to consider how do we then retain the teeth. [Jaz] Okay. Well I think that was lovely. I think that gives us some thoughts and ideas of planning sequence of retention, which is the ultimate thing to consider when it comes to occlusion. Okay, yeah, you get the occlusion, but how do you retain it? But in many cases, as the patient’s wearing aligners, the occlusion is embedding in and is fine. And you take off the aligners, the patient’s happy with how it looks. They bite together. It feels good. You are happy that yes, both sides of the mouth are biting together. Now, it might not be that every single contact is shim-hold, but you got, let’s say, within 20 microns, 40 microns, okay? Then some bedding happens. In that kind of scenario, would you be happy to say, okay, I’m gonna scan your teeth as they are because I’m happy with the occlusion, the occlusal goals are good, and they’re near enough the ClinCheck, and go for the retainers to that position? Or is your default preference as a clinician to go for the Vivera or equivalent based on the last aligner, on the ClinCheck projection? [Jesper] I would still go for the last aligner because I think the planning I’ve done is probably a little bit more precise than what I see clinically. However, I still expect that I will have to do a little bit of enamel reshaping at the end after six months, but that’s okay. I mean, the changes are so small, so you can still use the last aligner or the Vivera retainer that you already have ordered. So it’s not that much of a problem. [Jaz] Which goes back to your previous point: if it’s a big deviation, then you’ve gotta look at the alternative ways, whether you’re gonna go for refinement or you’re gonna allow some occlusal settling with a Hawley and a lower fixed-retainer combination, or the elastics like you said. Okay. Just so we’re coming to the end of the podcast—and I really enjoyed our time—I would like to delve deep into just a final thing, which is a little checklist, a helpful checklist for case assessment that you have for GDPs. [Jesper] Yeah, thank you. First of all, one of the big challenges in a GP practice is being able to take a full series of clinical photos in two minutes without assistance. I think most dentists struggle with that, but that is a foundational prerequisite to any aligner treatment. Once you have the photos, I would sit down with the photos and I would consider six different steps. One: is this a patient that I could treat restoratively only? Because that would be the simplest for me to do. Next, moving up in complexity: would be, do I need periodontal crown lengthening? Or next step would be: do I need to change the vertical dimension, or is there something about centric relation that I should consider? Moving up a little bit on the complexity: are there missing teeth? Do I need to replace teeth with implants? Next step would be orthodontics. So this is step five. The next most complex case we can treat is actually an aligner case—orthodontics in general. And the last part would be: are the teeth actually in the right position in the face of the patient, or do I need surgery to correct the jaw position? So these six steps, I think they’re helpful to follow to just think, how can I break this case down into more easy, digestible bits and pieces to figure out what kind of patient I have in front of me? Now, if you consider it to be an orthodontic case or ortho-restorative case, here comes the challenge: case selection. How do you figure out is this an easy, moderate, complex, or referral case? And here’s the trick: do 500 to 1000 treatment plans or treatments with clear aligners. And then you know. But until then, you really don’t. This is where you should rely on someone you can trust who can help you do the initial case selection. Because you can have two identical patients—one is easy and one is super complex—but they look the same. So it’s really nice if you have done less than 500 cases to have someone who can help you with the case selection. And I don’t say this to sell anything, because we don’t charge for that. Because it’s so essential that we don’t do something that is wrong or gives us a lot of challenges and headaches in the practice. I mean, the practice runs really fast and lean-oriented, so we need to make things digestible, easy to work with. And I think that’s really important. [Jaz] It goes full circle to what we said before about having that referral network, staying in your lane, knowing when to refer out, cherry-picking—it all goes back full circle with that. And not even orthodontics, but restorative dentistry—case selection is just imperative in everything we do. [Jesper] Yes. And there is—we always get the question when we do courses and we do consulting—can’t you just show me a couple of cases that are easy to start with? And it works with implants, kind of. But with orthodontics where we move—I mean, we affect all the teeth—it’s just not possible. I know the aligner companies want to show you some where you say, you can only just do these kinds of cases and they are really easy. The fact is they’re not. But they want to sell their aligners. [Jaz] I get it. They are until they’re not. It’s like that famous thing, right? Everyone’s got a plan until they get punched in the face. So yeah, it can seemingly be easy, but then a complication happens and it’s really about understanding what complications to expect, screening for them, and how you handle that. But thanks so much. Tell us—yeah, go on, sorry. [Jesper] There are three things I’d like to end on here. So, first of all, we’ve been talking together for about an hour about a topic that, if you want to take postgraduate education, it takes three years to become an orthodontist. And there is a reason it takes three to four years. However, I want to encourage the listener to think about this: Mercedes has never, ever excused last year’s model. Meaning that they always strive for perfection. So if we go into the practice and we do the very best we can every single day, there is no way we can go back and excuse what we

Join Mark and Tyler for a special Mailbag episode of The Hours podcast! Celebrating over 600 members in the Savvy Basketball community, they tackle listener-submitted "smart questions" that show effort and application. This episode dives deep into coaching philosophy, from youth development to high-level defensive strategy, emphasizing principles over prescribed plays and function over form.Get ready for an in-depth discussion on how to teach modern basketball, why reacting to your opponent means you've already lost, and how to improve shooting effectively mid-season.

In this episode, we explore the science of learning with leading experts Dr. John Dunlosky and Dr. Regan Gurung. They discuss common misconceptions in adult learning, the importance of self-regulated learning, and effective strategies for retention and application of knowledge. The conversation highlights the role of knowledge in the age of AI, the significance of interleaving and spaced practice, and the concept of priming in enhancing learning outcomes.Dr. John Dunlosky is a prominent Professor of Psychology and the Director of the Science of Learning Center in the Department of Psychological Sciences at Kent State University. He is a leading expert in cognitive science, human learning and memory, and effective study methods, focusing his research on metacognition and self-regulated learning across the lifespan.Dr. Dunlosky is recognized for his work on evidence-based learning strategies. A significant contribution is his 2013 review on learning techniques, which highlights the effectiveness of methods like practice testing and distributed practice. He is the co-author of the textbook Metacognition and has also written books for a general audience, such as Study Like a Champ and Teach Like a Champ.https://www.amazon.com/Study-Like-Champ-Psychology-Based-LifeTools/dp/1433840170Dr. Regan A. R. Gurung is a Professor of Psychology at Oregon State University and author specializing in social, health, and pedagogical psychology. He is a prominent figure in the field of teaching and learning in psychology.Dr. Gurung's research interests include social, health, and pedagogical psychology, and applying cognitive science to enhance student learning. He has authored or co-authored/co-edited 15 books and over 130 articles and chapters. His recent books include Study Like a Champ, Thriving in Academia, and Teach Like a Champ.https://regangurung.com/books/https://regangurung.wixsite.com/pip2022TAKEAWAYSLearning outcomes depend on what people do between sessions.Effective study strategies are critical for adult learners.Misconceptions about learning can hinder progress.Self-regulated learning enhances retention and application.Knowledge is essential, even with AI tools available.Interleaving and spaced practice improve learning outcomes.Priming can enhance memory retrieval during learning.Training should focus on transfer of knowledge to real-world applications.Learning is a process that requires effort and attention.Understanding individual differences can improve learning effectiveness.Chapters00:00 The Myths of Adult Learning00:17 Understanding Learning Science03:09 Misconceptions in Adult Learning05:57 The Importance of Self-Regulated Learning08:21 The Curse of Knowledge10:40The Role of Knowledge in the Age of AI13:09 Effective Retention Strategies16:01 Application and Transfer of Knowledge18:25 The Role of Trainers in Learning20:46 Designing for Transfer23:10 Interleaving and Spacing in Learning35:39 The Power of Priming in Learning

*President Trump is calling for an investigation of the meat packing industry.  *We are nearing an end to the government shutdown.   *West Texas A&M hosted a groundbreaking for their new research feedlot. *Corn is a major crop for the Texas High Plains region.  *Spacing and support are important when planting trees to enhance the value of rural property.  *Sometimes Bermuda grass stands slowly thin or die over time.  *Wildlife can be affected by the New World screwworm.  

EPISODE 65: UFDP talks with Emma Lehnhardt, former Program Planning and Control Manager for NASA's Gateway Program, about what she wishes writers knew about the science part of science fiction , and what's actually been going on at NASA in the wake of Trump and DOGE cuts.

Send us a text If you've ever wasted time manually dragging pins around in Tailwind, this episode is going to make you so happy. I'm breaking down Tailwind's brand-new Pin Spacing Tool—how it works, why it matters, and how to customize it for launches or seasonal campaigns.This tool is a major time-saver for service-based business owners, helping you stay consistent, avoid spam triggers, and free up time to focus on creating content that actually converts.Shownotes (ALL THE LINKS): https://jenvazquez.com/tailwind-pin-spacing-tool-save-time-and-prevent-pinterest-spam-filters/

Check out The Basketball IQ Masterclass: https://www.visiondrivenbball.com/opt-in-801f8775-ceda-402f-9618-c6f4013d0f5bYou can be the most skilled player on the court… but if your spacing is off, you'll clog the offense, frustrate your coach, and miss easy scoring chances.In this video, I'll break down the exact spacing concepts and in-game situations you need to master so you're always in the right spot, creating opportunities, and making your teammates (and coach) love playing with you.Check out Basketball IQ Academy (The Elite Scorer Blueprint): https://www.visiondrivenbball.com/basketball-iq-academy

In this episode of Get It Seen: The Simplest Way to Accessible Design host Michelle Frechette and typography expert Piccia Neri discuss the vital role of typography in web accessibility. They explore how factors like font choice, size, alignment, kerning, and style impact readability and legibility for all users, including those with visual or neurological differences. The conversation highlights common pitfalls—such as using all caps, centered text, or decorative fonts—and offers practical tips for creating accessible, user-friendly content. Real-world examples underscore how thoughtful typography can improve user experience and even boost website conversions. The episode concludes with a preview of next week's focus on color and contrast.Top Takeaways:Typography Is More Than Just Fonts — It's a Core Element of Accessibility: Typography includes not only font choices but also layout, spacing, alignment, font weight, size, line height, tracking, and visual hierarchy. These elements together shape how readable and legible text is, directly affecting accessibility and user experience.Readability and Legibility Are Different, and Both Matter: Legibility is about how easily individual letters can be distinguished (e.g., clear letterforms, avoiding imposter letters like I/l/1). Readability refers to how easily blocks of text can be read and understood (e.g., proper line length, avoiding full justification, using appropriate spacing). Both need to be considered when designing for diverse users, including those with dyslexia or visual impairments.Alignment Strongly Impacts Usability and Conversion: Left-aligned text is significantly easier to read, especially online. Centered or poorly aligned text disrupts the reader's visual flow and can make content inaccessible.There Are No Universally "Perfect" Accessible Typefaces: Recommendations like "use sans-serif fonts" or “Arial is accessible” are oversimplified. Accessibility depends on how the typeface is used, whether it distinguishes similar characters clearly (e.g., capital I vs. lowercase L), and whether it's appropriate for your audience. Typefaces like Atkinson Hyperlegible are designed with accessibility in mind, but even these aren't universally preferred.Mentioned in the Show:Don't Make Me Think Book By Steve KrugAtkinson HyperlegibleSöhne Klim Type Foundry National Klim Type FoundryJosef AlbersAccessible typeface checklist – free resourceAccessible Typography 101 course – 30% discount code: PODCAST30Better Accessibility Through Typography Masterclass – 30% discount code: PODCAST30

Hey Heal Squad! We're back with Part 2 of our conversation with integrative pediatrician Dr. Joel Warsh, where breaks down how to cut through the noise when it comes to prevention, toxins, and true immune support (especially for kids!). We continue the important conversation on vaccine schedules and also get into everything from gut health and inflammation to why so many people are experiencing chronic symptoms. He also shares simple tips that every family can start using today to feel better, boost resilience, and protect long-term health. PLUS, we explore the power of trust, intention, and listening to your intuition, especially when making decisions that impact your health and your kids. If you've ever felt confused about what wellness really means or what your next step should be… this episode will help you come back to your center. Tune in!! HEALERS & HEAL-LINERS Prevention Starts Before Symptoms. By the time symptoms show up, the immune system has already been compromised. Dr. Joel shares tangible ways to be proactive with health, like reducing toxic load and focusing on clean nutrition and lifestyle habits. Over-Vaccination: A Hidden Immune Disruptor. While vaccines have value, overloading the immune system too early can lead to dysregulation. Spacing out vaccines, detoxing post-injection, and supporting the gut and nervous system can make all the difference. True Health Isn't Just About Avoiding Illness. Dr. Joel emphasizes that wellness is not just the absence of disease—it's thriving physically, mentally, and emotionally. Real prevention means building resilience, not just reacting when symptoms arise. -- HEAL SQUAD SOCIALS IG: https://www.instagram.com/healsquad/ TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@healsquadxmaria HEAL SQUAD RESOURCES: Heal Squad Website:https://www.healsquad.com/ Heal Squad x Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/HealSquad/membership Maria Menounos Website: https://www.mariamenounos.com My Curated Macy's Page: Shop My Macy's Storefront Prenuvo: Prenuvo.com/MARIA for $300 off EMR-Tek Red Light: https://emr-tek.com/discount/Maria30 for 30% off Airbnb: https://www.airbnb.com/  Join In-Person Heal Retreat Waitlist! https://mariamenounos.myflodesk.com/heal-retreat-waitlist GUEST RESOURCES: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/drjoelgator/  Website: https://integrativepediatricsandmedicine.com/about/  Book: https://go.shopmy.us/p-21314744  ABOUT MARIA MENOUNOS: Emmy Award-winning journalist, TV personality, actress, 2x NYT best-selling author, former pro-wrestler and brain tumor survivor, Maria Menounos' passion is to see others heal and to get better in all areas of life. ABOUT HEAL SQUAD x MARIA MENOUNOS: A daily digital talk-show that brings you the world's leading healers, experts, and celebrities to share groundbreaking secrets and tips to getting better in all areas of life. DISCLAIMER: This Podcast and all related content (published or distributed by or on behalf of Maria Menounos or http://Mariamenounos.com and http://healsquad.com) is for informational purposes only and may include information that is general in nature and that is not specific to you. Any information or opinions provided by guest experts or hosts featured within website or on Company's Podcast are their own; not those of Maria Menounos or the Company. Accordingly, Maria Menounos and the Company cannot be responsible for any results or consequences or actions you may take based on such information or opinions. This podcast is presented for exploratory purposes only. Published content is not intended to be used for preventing, diagnosing, or treating a specific illness. If you have, or suspect you may have, a health-care emergency, please contact a qualified health care professional for treatment.

Welcome to episode 183 of Growers Daily! We cover: garlic rust and what to do about it, how to tell if your soil is healthy, and it's feedback friday! We are a Non-Profit! 

"If you don't cultivate other interests or travel or spend time with friends, this and that, you don't have anything to write about," says Dane Huckelbridge, author of Queen of All Mayhem (William Morrow).Dane returns to the show to talk about his latest book, but also a smattering of other juicy writer topics such as: Procrastination Writing around the uncertainty Not having much of a routine Spacing out Niche hobbies And staying motivatedDane can be found at danehuckelbridge.com and on IG @huckelbridge.This episodes opens with an audio excerpt of The Front Runner, read by Roger Wayne.Order The Front RunnerNewsletter: Rage Against the AlgorithmWelcome to Pitch ClubShow notes: brendanomeara.com

The ladies discuss Blue Origin's all-girl space mission, whether we should be rethinking ADHD, and the vibe shifting against the right.

Every other week I'm republishing one of my most popular or impactful episodes and adding an update, new insight, or context that will help you benefit from it even more. This week I'm highlighting Episode 113, which is all about third spacing and fluid shifts. Full Transcript – Read the article and view references LATTE Method Template – Download the free LATTE Method Template so you can streamline how you study and focus on what a nurse needs to know.  FREE CLASS – If all you've heard are nursing school horror stories, then you need this class! Join me in this on-demand session where I dispel all those nursing school myths and show you that YES…you can thrive in nursing school without it taking over your life! Study Sesh – Change the way you study with this private podcast that includes dynamic audio formats that help you review and test your recall of important nursing concepts on-the-go. Free yourself from your desk with Study Sesh!  Med Surg Solution – Are you looking for a more effective way to learn Med Surg? Enroll in Med Surg Solution and get lessons on 57 key topics and out-of-this-world study guides. 

Mentioned during podcast:- “Deep Nutrition: Why Your Genes Need Traditional Food” by Catherine Shanahan M.D. - https://amzn.to/419tqBH- Episode 106: “Young Christian Couple's Convictions on Family Planning and Birth Control” - https://www.nowthatwereafamily.com/podcasts/now-that-we-re-a-family-10/episodes/2147567944- Episode 185: “Things We've Changed Our Minds About // Birth-Control, Alcohol, Eschatology . . .” - https://www.nowthatwereafamily.com/podcasts/now-that-we-re-a-family-10/episodes/2147824607- Episode 293: “Is Family Planning Wrong?” - https://www.nowthatwereafamily.com/podcasts/now-that-we-re-a-family-10/episodes/2148659968