Podcasts about european center

In this heartfelt conversation, Traci Ruble, founder of Sidewalk Talk, sits down with John Sarrouf, co-executive director of Essential Partners, to explore the deeper threads of human connection and the transformative power of dialogue across our differences. Together, they delve into what it truly takes to create genuinely safe spaces where conversations don't just happen—they flourish. With over two decades of experience facilitating courageous dialogues and mediating complex conflicts, John generously shares insights on how deep and authentic listening can heal societal divides and enrich personal relationships. Tune in for practical, soulful strategies to engage in conversations that open hearts, expand understanding, and remind us of our shared humanity. Essential Partners has been at the forefront of bridging divides for over 35 years. They offer trainings, free dialogue guidebooks, and workshops focused on listening across political divides, racial divides, conversations around the war in the Middle East, and more. John Sarrouf is co-executive director at Essential Partners, helping people talk about tough topics—and stay connected while doing it. Over two decades, he's skillfully guided dialogues around the role of guns in American life, police and the Black community, Israel-Palestine, Muslim-Jewish interfaith relations, human sexuality in the Christian church, and racial and ethnic diversity. John has supported independent dialogue programs at universities, museums, and civic groups across the U.S., sparking meaningful conversations nationwide. With a master's in dispute resolution from UMass Boston, John co-founded the Peace and Conflict Studies program at Gordon College and teaches reconciliation at the European Center for the Study of War and Peace in Zagreb, Croatia. Episode Timeline 00:00 Welcome to Sidewalk Talk 00:47 Meet John Sarrouf of Essential Partners 04:56 Unpacking Assumptions in Conflict 09:39 Vigilance and the Cost of Polarization 12:54 How to Create Authentic Connections 17:00 Inside the Essential Partners Dialogue 22:13 Reflecting Together on Shared Wisdom 22:29 Humanizing Each Other Through Dialogue 22:59 Embracing Complexity in Conflict 24:03 Why Feeling Seen Matters 24:39 How to Have Constructive Conversations 25:56 The Art of Generous Listening 33:57 Navigating Power with Sensitivity 38:23 Finding Hope in Reconciliation 40:25 Closing Reflections and Gratitude   Standout Quotes   We make assumptions rather than asking questions and listening deeply to the answer. (John)  I really wonder if this polarization and this threat thing is contributing massively to our loneliness. (Traci) … it does feel like we are in a time when sharing our full selves with people feels dangerous. (John)  We may be political adversaries in this particular moment, but we have to be thinking of ourselves as neighbors. And I have to care what, what the impact is on you. (John)   Despair is our common enemy. Despair will keep us from each other. And our only way through this moment is with the sense of hope that we can meet each other again. (John) Connect: Find | John Sarrouf At whatisessential.org On Instagram: @essentialpartners On YouTube: @essentialpartners On Facebook: @essentialpartners On LinkedIn: @JohnSarrouf   Find | Sidewalk Talk  At sidewalk-talk.org On Instagram: @sidewalktalkorg On YouTube: @sidewalktalkorg On Facebook: @Sidewalktalksf On LinkedIn: @SidewalkTalkOrg   Find | Traci Ruble At Traciruble.com On Instagram: @TraciRubleMFT On YouTube: @TraciRubleMFT On Substack: @RelatingWell On Facebook: @TraciRubleMFT   SUBSCRIBE TO THIS PODCAST On Apple Podcasts On Google Podcasts On Spotify On YouTube  

Hafizullah Saeedi is an independent researcher and a human rights defender. He holds a Master of Arts in Global Studies from Leipzig University, Germany. He obtained a double degree in International and Comparative Politics from American University of Central Asia and Bard College-NYC, for his undergraduate studies. Hafizullah has a background in human rights advocacy at the United Nations and European Union level. His area of research includes human rights, security and development studies, with a focus on minority issues, countering violent extremism, and humanitarian action. In the context of Afghanistan, he has written extensively on social movements, minorities and hate speech, as well as political participation of women and youth in national processes. He has previously worked with Minority Rights Group International, European Center for Minority Issues, and Asian Forum for Human Rights and Development. In addition to his mother tongue Persian/Dari, he speaks English, Pashto, Russian and German languages.

Agnese Valenti of the European Center for Legal Support joins Yara Hawari to examine how Israeli regime-backed NGOs are driving coordinated attacks on Palestinian civil society and pro-Palestine solidarity movements across Europe.

Anfang April vor drei Jahren eroberte die ukrainische Armee die Stadt Butscha zurück. Was sie vorfanden ging in schockierenden Bildern um die Welt: von russischen Soldaten ermordete und gefolterte Zivilisten. Schnell ertönten Rufe nach der Justiz, dem Internationale Strafgerichtshof in Den Haag oder dem Europäischen Gerichtshof für Menschenrechte in Straßburg. Doch wieviel Macht haben diese Institutionen noch? Was bringt ein Haftbefehl gegen Putin? Trump erkennt den Internationalen Strafgerichtshof nicht an, hat sogar Sanktionen gegen seine Mitarbeiter verhängt. Ein Gespräch mit dem Menschenrechtsanwalt Wolfgang Kaleck, Mitgründer und Generalsekretär des European Center for Constitutional and Human Rights, sowie mit Angelika Nußberger, Professorin für Staatsrecht und Völkerrecht an der Universität Köln.

Wolfgang Kaleck, founder of the European Center for Constitutional and Human Rights, talks about the need for a universal, international criminal justice system instead of one where only some nations are held to account.

Wolfgang Kaleck, founder of the European Center for Constitutional and Human Rights, talks about the need for a universal, international criminal justice system instead of one where only some nations are held to account.

Die erste Euphorie ist verflogen nach dem Sturz von Assad. Jetzt geht es darum, eine langfristige Perspektive für Syrien zu eröffnen. Syrien hat eine Übergangsregierung, der neue Machthaber Ahmed al-Scharaa versucht moderat aufzutreten, ist aber bisher ein Dschihadist gewesen. Jetzt hat er die islamistische Kämpferkluft gegen westliche Anzüge getauscht und sagt: „Wir können Syrien nicht aufbauen, wenn die Gesellschaft nicht geeint ist.“ Ob die Islamisten eine offene Gesellschaft schaffen können, das fragen sich sowohl die Syrer im In- und Ausland als auch die internationale Gemeinschaft. Noch gelten Sanktionen, es gibt keine funktionierende Infrastruktur, kaum Strom und Nahrungsmittel, die Wirtschaft und die Gesundheitsversorgung liegen am Boden. Wie geht es jetzt weiter? Darüber sprechen wir mit der Syrien-Expertin Dr. Regine Schwab, mit unserem Korrespondenten in Istanbul Uwe Lueb, mit dem in Deutschland lebenden syrischen Journalisten Abdulah Al Samman und mit Oliver Hochedez von der Malteser Nothilfe. Podcast-Tipp: Weltspiegel-Podcast Syrien: Wie gelingt die Aufarbeitung der Verbrechen? Folter, Hinrichtungen, Giftgas gegen das eigene Volk. Die Liste der Verbrechen ist lang, nicht nur vom Assad-Regime, sondern auch von verschiedenen Milizen-Gruppen. Nach dem Umsturz ist die Hoffnung groß, die Täter zur Rechenschaft zu ziehen. Welche juristischen Möglichkeiten gibt es, die Menschenrechtsverbrechen aufzuklären? Darüber sprechen wir in dieser Weltspiegel Podcast Folge. ARD-Reporterin Kristin Becker und Ramin Sina, ARD-Korrespondent im Studio Kairo, berichten von ihren Eindrücken vom Foltergefängnis Saidnaja und von den Menschen, die selbst dort gefoltert wurden und nun zurückgekehrt sind. Und Patrick Kroker, Rechtsanwalt beim European Center for Constitutional and Human Rights, erklärt, wie ein mögliches Sondertribunal aussehen könnte. *** Triggerwarnung: Diese Folge enthält Beschreibungen von Folter *** https://www.ardaudiothek.de/episode/weltspiegel-podcast/syrien-wie-gelingt-die-aufarbeitung-der-verbrechen/ard/14134087/

Folter, Hinrichtungen, Giftgas gegen das eigene Volk. Die Liste der Verbrechen ist lang, nicht nur vom Assad-Regime, sondern auch von verschiedenen Milizen-Gruppen. Nach dem Umsturz ist die Hoffnung groß, die Täter zur Rechenschaft zu ziehen. Welche juristischen Möglichkeiten gibt es, die Menschenrechtsverbrechen aufzuklären? Darüber sprechen wir in dieser Weltspiegel Podcast Folge. ARD-Reporterin Kristin Becker und Ramin Sina, ARD-Korrespondent im Studio Kairo, berichten von ihren Eindrücken vom Foltergefängnis Saidnaja und von den Menschen, die selbst dort gefoltert wurden und nun zurückgekehrt sind. Und Patrick Kroker, Rechtsanwalt beim European Center for Constitutional and Human Rights, erklärt, wie ein mögliches Sondertribunal aussehen könnte. ———— Moderation: Joana Jäschke Redaktion: Steffi Fetz Redaktionsschluss: 30.01.2025 ———— Unser Podcast-Tipp: punktEU: https://1.ard.de/punkteu?cross-promo Diese und alle weiteren Folgen vom Weltspiegel Podcast findet ihr hier: https://www.ardaudiothek.de/sendung/weltspiegel-podcast/61593768/ Hier findet ihr noch ein aktuelles Weltspiegel-Video zum Thema: Islamischer Staat in Syrien: Gefährden Dschihadisten den Frieden nach dem Bürgerkrieg? https://youtu.be/M5hB7F0kD_k?si=bQ53jYaRIQmJV3pQ

Folter, Hinrichtungen, Giftgas gegen das eigene Volk. Die Liste der Verbrechen ist lang, nicht nur vom Assad-Regime, sondern auch von verschiedenen Milizen-Gruppen. Nach dem Umsturz ist die Hoffnung groß, die Täter zur Rechenschaft zu ziehen. Welche juristischen Möglichkeiten gibt es, die Menschenrechtsverbrechen aufzuklären? Darüber sprechen wir in dieser Weltspiegel Podcast Folge. ARD-Reporterin Kristin Becker und Ramin Sina, ARD-Korrespondent im Studio Kairo, berichten von ihren Eindrücken vom Foltergefängnis Saidnaja und von den Menschen, die selbst dort gefoltert wurden und nun zurückgekehrt sind. Und Patrick Kroker, Rechtsanwalt beim European Center for Constitutional and Human Rights, erklärt, wie ein mögliches Sondertribunal aussehen könnte. ———— Moderation: Joana Jäschke Redaktion: Steffi Fetz Redaktionsschluss: 30.01.2025 ———— Unser Podcast-Tipp: punktEU: https://1.ard.de/punkteu?cross-promo Diese und alle weiteren Folgen vom Weltspiegel Podcast findet ihr hier: https://www.ardaudiothek.de/sendung/weltspiegel-podcast/61593768/ Hier findet ihr noch ein aktuelles Weltspiegel-Video zum Thema: Islamischer Staat in Syrien: Gefährden Dschihadisten den Frieden nach dem Bürgerkrieg? https://youtu.be/M5hB7F0kD_k?si=bQ53jYaRIQmJV3pQ

Several prominent human rights organisations, including Amnesty International, the European Center for Constitutional and Human Rights, Human Rights Watch, and Médecins Sans Frontières, have independently concluded that Israel's actions in Gaza constitute serious international crimes. Lester Kiewit speaks to Dirk Moses, the Spitzer professor of international relations at the City College of New York, and asks whether the current definition of genocide is adequate to address situations like the ongoing war in Gaza, given the argument that the international community deliberately designed the definition of genocide to protect states and make it difficult to apply in armed conflict.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Zwei jemenitische Staatsbürger klagen vor dem Bundesverfassungsgericht. Ihre Verwandten wurden im Jemen bei einem US-Kampfdrohneneinsatz getötet. Die USA nutzen die Drohnen zur Tötung von Terroristen. Dabei kommen immer wieder Unbeteiligte ums Leben. Zur Steuerung der Drohnen nutzen die US-Streitkräfte eine Satelliten-Relaisstation auf der US-Air Base Ramstein in Rheinland-Pfalz. Das Oberverwaltungsgericht NRW hatte die Bundesrepublik schon verurteilt, sich durch geeignete Maßnahmen zu vergewissern, dass eine Nutzung der Air Base durch die Vereinigten Staaten nur im Einklang mit dem Völkerrecht stattfindet. Das Bundesverwaltungsgericht sagt: Deutschland habe schon auf "normalem" diplomatischem Weg genug getan. Dagegen wenden sich die Beschwerdeführer. Nun hat das Bundesverfassungsgericht verhandelt. Der Fall wirft spannende Fragen auf: Wie weit reichen die Schutzpflichten Deutschlands gegenüber Menschen im Jemen? Wie sind die Einsätze der USA zu bewerten? Und inwiefern ist Deutschland verpflichtet, gegenüber seinem Bündnispartner USA "klare Kante" zu zeigen? Die Justizreporter*innen Klaus Hempel und Egzona Hyseni waren bei der Verhandlung vor Ort und haben unter anderem mit Andreas Schüller vom European Center for Constitutional and Human Rights gesprochen, der die Kläger vor dem BVerfG vertritt.

*) Türkiye holds the key for Syria's future: Trump US President-elect Donald Trump has expressed uncertainty about post-Assad Syria but emphasised that Türkiye will “hold the key” to the nation. Speaking at his Mar-a-Lago estate, Trump refrained from commenting directly on the withdrawal of US troops from northeastern Syria, but praised Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan. Trump also condemned ousted Syrian President Bashar al-Assad as a "butcher" for his actions against children and called Türkiye a "major force" in the region. *) Israel committing genocide in Gaza, German rights group's analysis finds A Berlin-based human rights group, the European Center for Constitutional and Human Rights, has said Israel is committing genocide against Palestinians in Gaza. In a statement, the group said its independent research and analysis of Israel's actions in Gaza led to a "legally sound argument" that genocide is taking place. The group highlighted that numerous reports, commentaries, and judgments support this conclusion, further underscoring the severity of the situation. *) Gaza truce talks 'productive', 'small differences' remain — US The US has described recent talks on a potential ceasefire and prisoner exchange deal between Israel and Hamas as "productive," while acknowledging that a few key differences remain. State Department spokesperson Matthew Miller said during a press briefing that negotiations have progressed in recent days but added "a very small number of differences" still need to be resolved. "We have continued to try to work with the other mediators to narrow the differences," Miller stated, underscoring ongoing efforts to reach an agreement. *) More than 12 mass graves discovered in Syria's Daraa More than 12 mass graves have been discovered in Syria's Daraa Governorate, containing remains believed to be of civilians killed by the regime of ousted leader Bashar al Assad. The graves were uncovered following the recent collapse of the Baath regime earlier this month, as search and survey operations continue across the country. Efforts to locate and document mass graves are ongoing as Syria begins to confront the scale of atrocities committed under Assad's rule. *) Mystery drones over 8 US states spark fear and calls for action Mysterious drones spotted across at least eight US states are sparking unease and national debate, with sightings reported near critical sites, including an Air Force base. At a press conference in Mar-a-Lago, President-elect Donald Trump claimed, "Something strange is going on" with the East Coast drones and accused the government of withholding information. The buzzing crafts have been seen from Massachusetts to Ohio, leaving communities unsettled and prompting lawmakers to demand urgent action.

Donald Trump gick till val på att skydda amerikanska jobb med höga tullmurar. USA:s skifte i synen på världshandel har redan satt djupa spår och nu fruktar Europa ett eskalerande globalt handelskrig. Lyssna på alla avsnitt i Sveriges Radio Play. Inför det amerikanska valet har ekonomer i Europa med växande oro lyssnat till Trumps vallöften om att införa skyhöga importtullar. Jag ska höja dom så förskräckligt att företagen flyttar hit på direkten, lovar Trump. Det här kan bli en chock för hela det globala handelssystemet lyder varningsropen och i Europa växer nu rädslan för vad som händer om USA vänder sig inåt. Blir Europa ett museum med tomma fabriker?De nya protektionistiska vindarna från andra sidan av Atlanten visar ett dramatiskt skifte i USA:s syn på världshandeln. Och skiftet, där USA vill se om sitt eget hus och skydda den egna industrin, har synts även under Joe Biden. Konflikt har besökt den nordnorska industristaden Mo i Rana, där en stor nybyggd batterifabrik står tom. Förhoppningen var att satsningen och den nya fabriken skulle ge kommunen tusentals nya jobb. Men plötsligt var det mer lönsamt att satsa i USA. Medverkande: Johan Norberg, debattör och författare, knuten till tankesmedjan Cato Institute. Carl Bergqvist, chefsekonom på Stockholms handelskammare. Jarrod och Jayanne, Trump-väljare i Pennsylvania. Fredrik Erixon, chef för tankesmedjan European Center for Political Economy i Bryssel. Mona Bolin, ingenjör och fd anställd på Freyr i Mo i Rana. Håkon Gundersen, anställd på Freyr i Mo i Rana och facklig företrädare på Tekna. Benedicte Steinbakk, näringslivsreporter på Rana Blad. Bård Skogedal Bergerud, fd anställd på Freyr i Mo i Rana. Geir Waage (Arbeiderpartiet), kommunalråd Rana kommun. Line, Mo i Rana-bo. Jessica Rosencrantz (Moderaterna), EU-minister. Peter Dahlén, chef för AmCham, amerikanska handelskammaren i Sverige. Reportrar: Therese Rosenvinge (Norge), Ulrika Bergqvist (Stockholm), Simon Isaksson (USA), Daniel Alling (Tyskland). Programledare: Ulrika Bergqvistulrika.bergqvist@sverigesradio.seProducent: Therese Rosenvingetherese.rosenvinge@sverigesradio.seTekniker: Jakob Lalér

“Historically, in higher education and in music in general, it was a male-dominated podium expectation. When we step on the podium as women-identifying conductors, we're breaking that image. There's a long way to go, and WiCHEd is working on bringing a supportive community together, helping the next generation figure out how to navigate this complicated web.”Coreen Duffy is associate professor of conducting and director of choral activities at the University of Colorado Boulder where she conducts the CU Boulder Chamber Singers and oversees the choral program. Her duties at the College of Music include leading the graduate program in choral conducting at both the master's and doctoral levels.Duffy is also artistic director of the Seicento Baroque Ensemble, a Boulder-based semi-professional choral ensemble committed to working with period instruments and historically-informed performance practice. Prior to her appointment at CU Boulder, Duffy served on the faculties of the University of Montana and the University of Miami Frost School of Music. Under her direction, the University of Montana Chamber Chorale performed at the Marktoberdorf International Chamber Choir Competition, the 75th Anniversary Festival of Music at the Hochschule für Musik Saar, Cadogan Hall and Southwark Cathedral, Carnegie Hall, the Northwest Conference of the American Choral Directors Association, and the Montana International Choral Festival.Duffy is an active clinician and composer: Her works are published by ECS Publishing, Hinshaw Music, Pavane Publishing and Walton Music. She specializes in Jewish choral music and  has presented sessions on the subject internationally including the international conference of the European Center for Jewish Music (EZJM) in Hannover, Germany, and national conferences of the College Music Society, National Association for Music Education, National Collegiate Choral Organization, North American Jewish Choral Festival and ACDA.Duffy is vice president of the National Collegiate Choral Organization and recently served as president-elect of the Northwestern ACDA and Northwest representative of the NAfME National Choral Council. Duffy earned her DMA in choral music from the USC Thornton School of Music, Her MM in conducting from the University of Miami Frost School of Music, Juris Doctor at the University of Michigan Law School and her BMA and BA with honors in English from the University of Michigan.To get in touch with Coreen, you can email her at coreen.duffy@colorado.edu. You can also find her on Facebook or Instagram (@coreenduffy).Email choirfampodcast@gmail.com to contact our hosts.Podcast music from Podcast.coPhoto in episode artwork by Trace Hudson

Timestamps: 2:00 - Getting a PhD in Epidemiology 7:50 - Meeting your co-founder at an ETH project 12:48 - Manufacturing prosthetics 23:43 - Big fundraising challenges 33:59 - Keeping the business floating This episode was co-produced by the ⁠Female Founders Initiative⁠. About Myriam Lingg: Myriam Lingg is the co-founder and CEO of macu4, a startup creating empowering ortho-prosthetics for the forearm and hand. She holds a PhD in Epidemiology from the Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute and previously worked for the European Center of Pharmaceutical Medicine and the think tank W.I.R.E before starting macu4 in 2020. macu4 prosthetics are lightweight, breathable, affordable and individually tailored to the needs of people with a missing or limited grip function of the hand, thanks to their innovative modular design. macu4 is a for-profit venture, but is highly committed to manufacturing affordable prosthetics through their smart design and 3D printing technology. Don't forget to give us a follow on⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Twitter⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠,⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Instagram⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠,⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Facebook⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠and⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Linkedin⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠, so you can always stay up to date with our latest initiatives. That way, there's no excuse for missing out on live shows, weekly giveaways or founders' dinners.

0:08 — Ilan Pappe is the Director of the European Center of Palestine Studies at the University of Exeter. His books include Ten Myths About Israel and A History of Modern Palestine. 0:33 — Naysan Rafati is Crisis Group's Iran Senior Analyst. His research is focused on the Iran nuclear deal and Iran's regional policies. The post Historian Ilan Pappé Israel's Continued Invasion of Rafah; Plus, What Comes Next in Iran After President Ebrahim Raisi's Death? appeared first on KPFA.

Am 15.04.2024 ist der zehnte Jahrestag des Beginns der ukrainischen militärischen Anti-Terror-Operation (ATO) gegen russische Separatistengruppen im Donbas. Diese Operation markiert die erste aktive Auseinandersetzung der Ukraine mit der russischen hybriden Kriegführung. Auch in der westlichen Debatte ist der Begriff „Hybride Kriegführung“ nun weit verbreitet und viel diskutiert. Konzept und Herausforderung Nach 10 Jahren andauernder Debatte widmet sich diese Folge von Zugehört den wiederkehrenden Fragen zum Thema hybride Kriegführung. Auch Deutschland, Europa, EU und NATO sind von hybrider Kriegführung direkt wie indirekt betroffen. Beispielsweise heute im Kontext der Unterstützung für die Ukraine in ihrem Verteidigungskampf. Das schließt auch die Streitkräfte der Bundeswehr mit Ausbildung, oder die deutsche Unterstützung durch Waffenlieferungen ein. Hybride Kriegführung beschreibt die horizontale und vertikale Entgrenzung der Gefechtsfelder. Der Fokus liegt hierbei nicht auf dem militärischen Handlungsfeld, sondern im Operieren in den Grauzonen von Schnittstellen und das Nutzen von unorthodoxen Mittel- und Methodenkombinationen. Aber was ist das Konzept der hybriden Kriegsführung? Wie sah hybride Kriegführung vor 10 Jahren aus und wie heute? Welche Methoden werden bei der hybriden Kriegführung genutzt und vor welchen Herausforderungen stehen wir? Diese und weitere Fragen werden in der 67. Folge von „Zugehört! Der Podcast des ZMSBw“ im Gespräch mit Oberst Dr. Johann Schmid und Major Michael Gutzeit beantwortet. InterviewOberst im Generalstabsdienst Dr. Johann Schmid forscht derzeit zum Themenkomplex hybride Kriegführung am ZMSBw und lehrt als Dozent an der Universität Potsdam. Vormals war er u.a. Director Strategy & Defence am European Center of Excellence for Countering Hybrid Threats (Hybrid CoE) in Helsinki. Major Michael Gutzeit ist Leiter der Informationsarbeit des Zentrums für Militärgeschichte und Sozialwissenschaften der Bundeswehr (ZMSBw).

Tonight on WeatherBrains is a very special guest.  He's a leading expert in severe weather research at the NSSL.  He's known for his work on tornadoes and severe weather climatology.  He brings a wealth of knowledge to the science and it's an honor to have you with us tonight.  Harold Brooks, welcome!  It's also Harold's birthday - Happy Birthday Harold! Bruce Jones of Midland Weather Radio also is back to discuss the importance of NOAA Weather Radio and its timely warnings and information.  Also you can now get 25% off a NOAA Weather Radio at MidlandUSA.com by using PROMO CODE SPANN25. Our email officer Jen is continuing to handle the incoming messages from our listeners. Reach us here: email@weatherbrains.com. Pandemic effect on math scores (14:15) German Scientist Hans Ertel and his contribution to meteorology in WW2-Era Germany (18:30) Ertel/Carl-Gustaf Rossby relationship after WW2 (28:00) Chaos in numerical weather prediction (33:40) Ertel and the European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (46:45) Bridging generations in meteorology (01:12:00) Complexities/cascade of uncertainty in science (01:15:20) Integrating behavioral science with physical science (01:21:00) Dealing with the problem of manufactured housing and tornadoes/severe weather dangers (01:27:30) The Astronomy Outlook with Tony Rice (No segment this week) This Week in Tornado History With Jen (01:37:30) E-Mail Segment (01:47:25) and more! Web Sites from Episode 947:   AMS Weather Band Midland USA Harold Brooks on X Picks of the Week: Bruce Jones - March 13th, 1990 Hesston KS tornado James Aydelott - Colorado ranchers sentenced after tampering with rain gauges to increase crop subsidies Jen Narramore - NHC Tropical Cycle Report on Hurricane Otis (2023) Rick Smith - Out Neil Jacobs - Disappearing cities on US coasts Troy Kimmel - Foghorn Kim Klockow-McClain - Workshop on Weather Ready Nation: Science Imperatives for Severe Thunderstorm Research, Held 24-26 April, 2012 in Birmingham AL Bill Murray - Weatherwise Magazine New Edition James Spann - St. Elmos fire and lightning/plasma photo from pilot Joshua Cook The WeatherBrains crew includes your host, James Spann, plus other notable geeks like Troy Kimmel, Bill Murray, Rick Smith, James Aydelott, Jen Narramore, Dr. Neil Jacobs, and Dr. Kim Klockow-McClain. They bring together a wealth of weather knowledge and experience for another fascinating podcast about weather.

Guest: Ilan Pappe is the Director of the European Center of Palestine Studies at the University of Exeter. He has published many books on the Middle East and the Palestine Question including, The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine, The Modern Middle East, Ten Myths about Israel, and  A History of Modern Palestine. The post KPFA Special – Ilan Pappé on the History of the Palestinian Resistance appeared first on KPFA.

Der Internationale Gerichtshof hat entschieden, dass das israelische Vorgehen in Gaza eine rechtliche Überprüfung verlangt. Das fordert auch die Haltung der Bundesregierung heraus, die im Falle Israels am liebsten gar kein Verfahren gehabt hätte. Über die Implikationen der Entscheidung sowohl für den weiteren Verlauf des Krieges als auch die außenpolitische Positionierung der Bundesrepublik sprach Völkerrechtsexperte Andreas Schüller vom European Center for Constitutional and Human Rights mit Mario Neumann von medico international. Seit 2011 veröffentlicht JACOBIN täglich Kommentare und Analysen zu Politik und Gesellschaft, seit 2020 auch in deutscher Sprache. Ab sofort gibt es die besten Beiträge als Audioformat zum Nachhören. Nur dank der Unterstützung von Magazin-Abonnentinnen und Abonnenten können wir unsere Arbeit machen, mehr Menschen erreichen und kostenlose Audio-Inhalte wie diesen produzieren. Und wenn Du schon ein Abo hast und mehr tun möchtest, kannst Du gerne auch etwas regelmäßig an uns spenden via www.jacobin.de/podcast. Zu unseren anderen Kanälen: Instagram: www.instagram.com/jacobinmag_de X: www.twitter.com/jacobinmag_de YouTube: www.youtube.com/c/JacobinMagazin Webseite: www.jacobin.de

Syrians for Truth and Justice and the European Center for Constitutional and Human Rights have filed a complaint with German federal prosecutors against Turkish-backed Sunni factions they accuse of war crimes against Kurds in Afrin.These include ethnic cleansing, rape and looting. German prosecutors have convicted individuals accused of torturing fellow Syrians on behalf of the Assad regime. They hope similar judgements can be handed down to the Turkish-backed militias, some of which are already under sanctions for war crimes by the United States.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Guest:  Ilan Pappe is the Director of European Center of Palestine Studies at the University of Exeter. He has published many books on the Middle East and on the Palestine Question, including The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine, The Modern Middle East, Ten Myths about Israel, and A History of Modern Palestine.   The post An Update on the Oakland's Menorah & A History of the Palestinian Resistance with Ilan Pappe appeared first on KPFA.

Guest: Ilan Pappe is the Director of European Center of Palestine Studies at the University of Exeter. He has published many books on the Middle East and on the Palestine Question including The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine, The Modern Middle East, Ten Myths about Israel, and  A History of Modern Palestine. The post KPFA Special – A History of the Palestinian Resistance appeared first on KPFA.

Dr. Igor Cetojevic is a Health Teacher and a medical doctor and he is the greatly renowned holistic & energetic medicine specialist who helped Novak Djokovic become the world's number one tennis player. He spent a year on tour with Djokovic until 2011, when he won Wimbledon for the first time and became world number oneHe is a Medical Doctor and acupuncturist, qualified at the Medical University of Sarajevo in 1988. He then studied Chinese Traditional Medicine at The European Center for Peace and Development in Belgrade, Yugoslavia with advanced seminars and hospital experience in Beijing, China. He also holds a diploma from The Indian Institute of Magnetotherapy, New Delhi. He has done intensive research on how geopathic and other radiation affects people's health and well being and what can be done to minimize its negative influence.While on a lecture tour in South Africa in 2001, Dr.Igor was introduced to the QXCI biofeedback system. Sensing that this was a revolutionary tool he traveled to Budapest to meet its inventor, Prof. William Nelson. Applying his vast medical knowledge in conjunction with the QXCI and now the more advanced SCIO, has produced remarkable results for his patients. He is now one of the leading SCIO practitioners and trainers, offering presentations at the World QX Conference in Budapest and advanced seminars.After attending many international conferences as well as chalking up countless hours of practice, Dr. Igor is now an Advanced International Instructor for Quantum Technologies and Managing Director of Quantum Medicum (Belgrade).https://www.drigor.org/

Në episodin e njëzetetretë të emisionit Çelnaja me Flutura Kusarin, këshilltare ligjore pranë European Center for Press and Media Freedon – ECPMF, diskutojmë për raportet e medias dhe pushtetit, gjegjësisht, flasim për tendencat e shtrirjes së kontrollit të pushteteve ndaj medieve. Gjatë këtij episodi flasim konceptualisht në lidhje me lirinë e shprehjes, kufijtë e shtrirjes së interesit publik në raport me interesin shtetëror dhe rolin e medieve në shtetet demokratike. Më tutje, shtjellojmë nivelin e medieve në Kosovë, trajektoren zhvillimore dhe raportet e tyre me qeveritë respektive. Në kuadër të këtij diskutimi flasim për rolin e gazetarit, gjendjen e gazetarëve dhe tendencat për mbylljen e televizionit Klan Kosova. Në fund fare, nuk e lam pa e përmendur edhe rolin e edukimit mediatik si mundësi e leximit korrekt të medieve dhe nevojën e përfshirjes së saj në kurrikulat shkollore dhe universitare. • Autor dhe moderator: Latif Mustafa • Mysafire: Flutura Kusari • Montazhi dhe realizimi: Alb Muhaxhiri – Albfilms Për çdo pyetje, sugjerim, a koment na shkruani në latif@sbunker.net. *Projekti mbështetet dhe financohet nga Rockefeller Brothers Fund.

Thanks to advancing technology like artificial intelligence and deep fakes, governments can increasingly use the online world to spread misinformation and influence foreign citizens and governments - as well as citizens at home. At the same time, governments and private companies are working hard to detect these campaigns and protect against them while upholding ideals like free speech and privacy.  In season 2, episode 3 of Patching the System, we're focusing on the international system of bringing peace and security online. In this episode, we look at the world of foreign influence operations and how policymakers are adapting.  Our participants are: Teija Tiilikainen, Director of the European Center of Excellence for Countering Hybrid Threats Clint Watts, General Manager of the Microsoft Threat Analysis Center  Ali Wyne, Eurasia Group Senior Analyst (moderator) GZERO's special podcast series “Patching the System,” produced in partnership with Microsoft as part of the award-winning Global Stage series, highlights the work of the Cybersecurity Tech Accord, a public commitment from over 150 global technology companies dedicated to creating a safer cyber world for all of us.

Thanks to advancing technology like artificial intelligence and deep fakes, governments can increasingly use the online world to spread misinformation and influence foreign citizens and governments - as well as citizens at home. At the same time, governments and private companies are working hard to detect these campaigns and protect against them while upholding ideals like free speech and privacy.  In season 2, episode 3 of Patching the System, we're focusing on the international system of bringing peace and security online. In this episode, we look at the world of foreign influence operations and how policymakers are adapting.  Our participants are: Teija Tiilikainen, Director of the European Center of Excellence for Countering Hybrid Threats Clint Watts, General Manager of the Microsoft Threat Analysis Center  Ali Wyne, Eurasia Group Senior Analyst (moderator) GZERO's special podcast series “Patching the System,” produced in partnership with Microsoft as part of the award-winning Global Stage series, highlights the work of the Cybersecurity Tech Accord, a public commitment from over 150 global technology companies dedicated to creating a safer cyber world for all of us. Subscribe to the GZERO World with Ian Bremmer Podcast on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, or your preferred podcast platform, to receive new episodes as soon as they're published.

Hurricane Idalia became the eighth major hurricane to make landfall on the Gulf Coast in the last six years, leaving behind a trail of destruction in its path. On this week's episode, the Lee Weather Team looks back on the storm to discuss what stood out to them the most. How good was the forecast? Was the forecast communicated effectively? Why did some people choose not to evacuate? What can we learn from this storm before the next hurricane strikes the United States? Get the meteorologists' perspective in our in-depth review of Hurricane Idalia. We want to hear from you! Have a question for the meteorologists? Call 609-272-7099 and leave a message. You might hear your question and get an answer on a future episode! You can also email questions or comments to podcasts@lee.net. About the Across the Sky podcast The weekly weather podcast is hosted on a rotation by the Lee Weather team: Matt Holiner of Lee Enterprises' Midwest group in Chicago, Kirsten Lang of the Tulsa World in Oklahoma, Joe Martucci of the Press of Atlantic City, N.J., and Sean Sublette of the Richmond Times-Dispatch in Virginia. Episode transcript Note: The following transcript was created by Adobe Premiere and may contain misspellings and other inaccuracies as it was generated automatically:   Hello, everyone, and welcome to another episode of Across the Sky, our National Lee Enterprises Weather podcast. I'm Matt Holiner in Chicago. One quarter of the lead weather team, but the whole game here today, meteorologist Joe Martucci based in Atlantic City. Sean Sublette in Richmond, Virginia and Kirsten Lang in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Together the four of us cover weather across the country. Yes, not just across the sky, but across the country. And this national weather coverage is new. So if you're listening to this podcast on a Lee Enterprise's website or app, you're probably going to be seeing more forecast videos from us, especially when bad weather is expected. But I think it's safe to say this podcast, this is the first thing that went national and I think it's the favorite part of our jobs. And nothing is changing here. In fact, each week we continue to see our number of listeners go up. So really, we can't thank you enough for tuning in and subscribing and this week, just like the national weather story for the last week. This episode is all about Hurricane Idalia. The damage is still being assessed, but it is clear that this was another devastating storm for parts of the southeast. And of course, right off the bat, our thoughts and prayers are with all the people trying to recover from this storm. Now, obviously, lots to discuss here. But to start, guys, let's just go around the horn and talk about the first thing that stood out to you about Dahlia. Sean, let's start with you, because you were doing a lot of updates on this storm for our Carolina properties. Yeah, I think for me, one of the things that I take home from Idalia is actually how well it was forecast. You know, we are we are in an environment you know, we've been talking about this for a few months now. We've got very high ocean heat content, high sea surface temperatures, basically warm water. But we've had the El Nino going on and there's this whole battle back and forth between the two. Which one of these impacts is going to be larger? And we kind of said, well, once things get started, they can really, really go. And that's kind of what happened. I mean, the Gulf of Mexico was especially warm, and it is not common for the National Hurricane Center to to talk about rapid intensification in their discussions and their technical discussions as this environment is primed for rapid intensification. And and by that, we mean something very specific, effectively going up two categories in 24 hours. I mean, technically, it's 35 miles per hour and 24 hours, but two categories, right? So for them to be talking about rapid intensification, which such high confidence, then it comes to fruition pretty much as forecast. I mean, their track was spot on. But, you know, it's tough. You know, you're looking at just this blob of clouds in the Yucatan Channel and you're thinking 36 hours. This is going to be a major hurricane. That is not a forecast you can make 15 or 20 years ago with any kind of confidence. So for me, I'm especially happy with how far we have come in intensity forecasting in the last five or ten years. You're on the coast, You know, I know this is not your storm, obviously, but what kind of things were you thinking about? I was thinking about this is another instance where the surge was the bit was the biggest deal with this. And kind of I've been thinking about this for the past month, like the sapphire system scale. Is that the best way of categorizing hurricanes? I'm not trying to like open a can of worms on the podcast, but you know, you got something that and I just read a tweet by Greg Purcell from the Weather Channel about how there really was nothing more than tropical storm force sustained winds on any land, on land observing site with this storm. Even though it was a hurricane. So, you know, if that were to be true, well, it wasn't a Category three at landfall by technicality, because it would you would have to have something that was over 74 miles an hour sustained winds. But the impacts of the storm are, you know, like a Category three. I guess what I'm trying to say is, you know, is there is there a better way to categorize hurricanes that take into account the surge, you know, the flooding, the pressure maybe or even the, you know, taking went into account to because it's all comes back know, again, just being at the Jersey Shore comes back to Superstorm Sandy, which was a category one, you know, at landfall. But, you know the damage did not feel like a category one at the Jersey Shore. So it's just more of a broader picture for me. You know, with this, you know, can we get to a place, you know, is a safer symptom scale the best way to do this weather bell, which is known for their weather models, has put out a criteria by proprietary criteria to model these kind of storms with categories. I think the snapper system is great in the sense that we've been using it for such a long time that it makes it easy to compare storm the storm, But sometimes when you got your storm surge, it's like a category five, but your winds are like a category one. What you know, you're going to see category one, but wasn't really a category one. That's my thought. And Sean, going off your point about the the forecast accuracy, I mean, this time in particular, the track forecast was pretty incredible. I looked back and the first forecasts that the National Hurricane Center issued, now, the intensity was off there only at the time of forecasting, I think it was a category one hurricane at landfall. And that was the one thing that did change in this forecast was the intensity. And it looked like, oh, wait a minute, this is going to be stronger and stronger and stronger. So intensely. Forecasts getting better, but has room for improved. But there was very little improvement for the track forecast because actually the national Hurricane Center's first forecast five days out was only ten miles off. And where landfall actually happened, landfall happened at Keeton Beach. And the first forecast was picked to make landfall just ten miles west of Keaton Beach. And that is remarkable how good that track forecast was five days out. And there wasn't a whole lot of shifting. One thing, if you're comparing Italia to Ian, we did see that shift in the track forecast from north to south. With time. This forecast didn't really shift that much. Again, the cone was wider five days out and it got narrow, narrower, but it didn't shift much. You know, if you look at all the different forecasts, it kind of bounced back and forth a little bit west to east. But there was no dramatic shift. Like the focus was always on the big bend for the worse impacts, and that's where the worst impacts was. And the track forecasts just continue to get better and better. The intensity forecast is lagging behind some, but that's getting better as well. But there's definitely a difference between the track forecasts and the intensity forecast. And I think when it comes to intensity forecasts, I mean, we just keep seeing this happening over and over again where the models tend to under do how quickly these things can intensify when all other conditions are right, when you don't have any wind shear, when there's no dry air, when those waters, as they are in the Gulf, just keep getting warmer. Warmer and you have above average sea surface temperatures, which they always are. Now, every year we're talking about above average sea surface temperatures in the Gulf. When the conditions are ripe for intensifying, the models continue to reduce under do it. And so a lot of these models were peaking at category three, but it ended up reaching Category four. Now ultimately making landfall because it went through an eyewall replacement cycle right before landfall as a Category three to reach Category four, which is higher than what the models were indicating. So I think, you know, from a forecasting perspective, since we're still useful as meteorologists, the models are just a tool. I think being more aggressive in the intensity forecast going a little bit higher than what the models are saying is probably the best track when you know that the wind shear is going away, there's no dry air, the water is really warm. Go ahead and be a little bit more aggressive in that intensity forecast. Maybe think about you know, if the models are saying 110 mile per hour winds, go ahead and forecast 120 mile per hour winds because this keeps happening, these intensification events and these storms overachieving. So I think that's a good strategy moving forward for intensity forecast. So speaking of intensity, I'll kind of Segway next to I think the stat that stood out to me was that there have been 11 named storms that have been retired. And a lot of that has to do with the time of year that they usually happen, right? I mean, when you start going down through the alphabet, usually get to an eye around peak season. But it's since 2001, there's been 11 of them. And so in Ian, of course, was the last one last season Of course this won't they will come out with whether or not this one is retired until the end of the season but I'm sure that it'll probably be put on that list as well, given the intensity of it, but I don't have thoughts on that. Yeah, there's something about the ice storms. You got to watch out for these ice storms. It is getting a little bit ridiculous. Like how many times the ice storms have been bad. I mean, you got Ida and Irene and Ian and how many. We have retired and let's be honest, there's just not a lot of names. We have to come up with a new name every time we retire. Name? Like what name are we going to come up with next? I think like we're scraping the bottom of the barrel here. It's like, Well, I mean, fortunately it's an international name with the World Meteorological Organization comes out these nameless. And so it's not just English names. I believe it's English, Spanish, French. Are those are the three. Those are the big three. There's my understanding is that, you know, the WMO World Meteorological Organization kind of does this. You know, those are the three languages that are spoken the most in this part of the world, English, Spanish and French, especially for for the folks in Haiti and Martinique in the in the Lesser Antilles. So that's why those names are dominant. But you're right, man. It's going to run out of names. You are along the coast and you start creeping up and it's like getting up there in the alphabet and you've got an eye coming at you. I feel like the chances of you having a stronger storm freaked me out. But, you know, that's just that's just being nervous about it, I guess. Better watch out for the next ice storm now. Well, and I think, you know, if you're wondering, like, why ice storms, I think it's just because of the placement. You know, we tend to get our strongest storms this time of year, late August through September into early October. That's tend to be when the major hurricanes occur. And so we usually get some small storms that aren't much of an issue. Of course, there are certainly been exceptions. Andrew certainly stands out as a major hurricane. That was the first storm of the season. But it just seems like oftentimes we get a lot of little baby storms. If you want to call them that. Storms that are out in middle Atlantic don't hurt anyone. And so we it just so happens that we often hit the ice storm when hurricane season is peaking. And so, sure enough, these ice storms tend to be stronger ones, that the stronger storms tend to occur near the peak of the hurricane season. So I just think it's EIS placement on the list. We just work through the names one by one and it just so happens that we tend to get our strongest storms and we hit the name. And looking ahead to 2024, if you're wondering what the name is in 2020 for this year it was a female name. So next year it's going to be a male name. It is Isaac. Isaac It was a storm as a C Isaac in 2024. And then we've got again, there are actually six nameless that we do so again in 2025. It's Imelda 2026. It's it's a year which I remember that one being that one has come up before it was not retired. So it's still on the list. Then in 2027 it's Imani, and then in 2028, that's as far out as we go. It's Idris. And so then theoretically it's Aliya would come up again in 2029 unless it's retired. And I think there's a pretty good chance that it's going to be retired, not as devastating a storm as in overall the economic impact, the number of lives lost. Fortunately, it looks like it going to be lower. But still, I mean, the images coming out just still overwhelming. You can just see like, you know, there's again, average we see after every major hurricane landfall. But the images of devastation that come out, it's really, really saddening. You know, it was pretty interesting. I was watching the Weather Channel on Tuesday, Wednesday, and Jim CHANATRY, the legend at the University of Florida Research Station in Cedar Key. And you just saw the water just moving ashore. And I'm looking at it and I'm like, yeah, Moore is moving to shore and it's bad. But then like, kind of like, put yourself like you have a house there and you're seeing like, imagine your street. Like even if you don't live at the coast, imagine your street. You got three feet of water just moving down the street. It's not going away, Right. Like, that's pretty terrifying to see, really. You know, it's such a hard this comes back to like something I think we've talked about in the past, like it's so hard to conceptualize something you haven't seen before. Yeah. And if you're in Cedar Key and that's an area that hasn't had a direct hit from a hurricane, I don't think ever in recorded history. Going back to the 1800s. Yeah, it's tough to put yourself in that spot, but to see like three feet of water or four feet of water or whatever it was is is towering. I had a friend of mine who lives in Saint Petersburg, and he had he says he's lived there since 2017. He says the worst flooding he saw on his street in Saint Petersburg. And one of his neighbors said they lived there for like 23 years and that was the worst they had. And they had the whole street was covered and it was about anywhere between 6 to 18 inches, which isn't you know, six inches isn't going to get to your house, but 18 inches good. So that's another takeaway from this storm. Also a question for you guys. Have you guys ever read the book Isaac's Storm, speaking of Isaac? Yes, I have. And it's a fantastic book. If you are a meteorologist or anybody who's interested in whether that is a must read, a must read, a young Joe read that book back. Back in the year 2000, it was about the 1900 Galveston hurricane. It was a nonfiction book by Erik Larson. So good read. It just shows you, you know, if you have any doubts about, oh, those meteorologists there, they're always wrong. It's like when you read that book, you realize how far we've come and the fact that, you know, the death toll looks like it's going be as low as it is from this storm tells you how far we have come, because in that Galveston storm, over 8000 people died when a Category four made landfall and this time almost a Category four made landfall. You know, granted not right over a highly populated area. That obviously helps. But the fact that death toll may end up being less than a dozen people, It tells you that we so far in being able to forecast these things because that's what happened in Galveston. They basically had no idea it was they were about to get slammed by a Category four hurricane. There were a few reports like there's a storm in the Gulf that was it was like ship reports and they didn't know exactly where it was going. So the fact that we can track these things with satellites, keep an eye on we have planes flying out and getting the latest conditions, the the computer models that we have now gotten so good at forecasting where these things are go. The science in meteorology has advanced so much so that hopefully we will never see a death toll like that from a hurricane again. You know, I, I think it will be tough to do because we've gotten you know, there's always room for improvement. The forecast can definitely get better. The communication get better. I think we've reached a point where we can communicate it well enough that we can get the vast majority of people to a safe place and avoid the worst of the storm. So on that note, I'll take a short break, but don't go anywhere. And we're going to continue talking about this storm and look ahead to the future. What can we learn from Dallas or better prepared for the next hurricane? We'll talk about that right after this break. And welcome back to Across the Sky. Continuing our discussion and recap of Hurricane Italia, I really want to dive into the community ocean now and how can we better communicate? We always come back to that. We talk about how the forecasts keep getting better and better, especially the track forecasting. The intensity forecasts are showing improvement to, but it's useless if we can't properly communicate and talk about how people outside the cone are going to feel impacts as well. And what are those conditions going to be like, where the worst occurs and so on. You're watching the Weather Channel and something stood out to you. Yeah. So, you know, I've got on another screen, I've got the Weather Channel on and I've been watching Cantera do this thing ever since I was an undergrad back in the and the day when I said in, in the 19 something something and look I can talk. He is great. I love his passion. I love what he brings. He is very real and and I love the way he covers stuff. And he's he's obviously been around the block more than once, but he was talking to a guy who owned a condo there at Cedar Key and and wondering why he didn't evacuate. And and he made the comment. CANTOR He made the comment right there on on camera that we need to do a better job of communicating what the risk is. This guy didn't leave even though the forecast storm surge was on the order of 10 to 14 feet. And I think it came up to about seven or eight feet. So the guy was his condo was elevated. So obviously the water rushed underneath of the condo and he was okay because the thing made landfall at low tide. If it had come in at high tide, well, now we have a much different issue. Right. And that dude might not have made it. So how can we do a better job of communicating that risk to encourage these homeowners to leave? I mean, and to look to his credit, Cantor, he didn't say a bad thing about this guy because this guy, it was fine, right? He was fine. And he did what he thought was right. But he was only two or three feet of water away from probably not still being with us. So I think we've done a very good job at timing and intensity of the storm. But now I guess the next frontier of this is, yes, communication. But then what we in the business called the mesoscale impacts. Right. How how high what time is that? How far inland is that surge going to go? How how good can we make that part of the forecast? It's it's admittedly not not awfully difficult to say, okay, in the big bend area, there's going to be a 10 to 14 storm surge. I think any one of us can do that without a lot of fuss. But then it takes more time to say, okay, this point on the big bend at this time, we'll have six or eight or ten feet of storm surge because the tide level is going to be this at this time, because a full moon and all of that other stuff. That's another whole thing to do. Right. Of course, that's also and I'm going to give credit here to the local weather service officers. That's what they do. Right. And they do that especially well. So, you know, we could sit back, the hurricane center can sit back and give those larger scale things. But man, we a lot of what needs to be done is communication and understanding of what these smaller scale impacts are going to me, you know, where precisely is the eyewall going that's going to bring that 100 mile an hour gust because of all of y'all have done this. You've talked about hurricanes with the public and the people say, well, I've been through a hurricane and they might have, but they didn't go through the eyewall. So they don't think it's that bad. You know, obviously, we all know that area around the eye, the eyewall is where it's the worst. And if you go through that, you're not going to forget it. Those kinds of things. What Cantore was talking about earlier today there on the big bend of Florida is what kind of sticks with me going forward. Yes, Sean, I saw that interview as well. And the one thing that stood out to me, one of the reasons the guy said that he decided to stay is that initially Cedar Key was in the cone, but ultimately Cedar Key was removed from the cone. And so once he wasn't in the cone anymore, he had that sense of, oh, it's going to be okay. Even though they were still communicated. When you saw the forecast slide, Cedar Key is still going to have huge impacts. There's still going to be the landfall is not going to be a Cedar Key. Okay. There are absolutely impacts. Cedar Key, a tremendous storm surge, tremendous winds. Still not the worst of the wind. No, but still very strong winds and a life threatening storm surge situation in particular. So that was still communicated. But because Cedar Key was not in the cone in his mind, he was safe, even though it wasn't as safe as he really thought. And so I think, again, it comes back to how much focus people put on the cone. And this storm was a great example of how there are impacts well beyond the cone. Look at what happened in Clearwater Beach in Tampa and San Pete. You know, everybody, you know, at first there was the possibility that, yes, maybe it would hit there. But pretty early on they were removed from the cone. It's like, okay, look, Tampa and Clearwater, they get lucky again. But there were impacts. In fact, record storm surge in Clearwater Beach, four feet of storm surge. It actually still flooded homes and they were not in the cone, but they absolutely felt impacts from this storm. I think this was a good wakeup call for the Tampa Saint Pete area because we saw what happened when a storm made landfall 100 miles away. Can you imagine what it had been like if this storm actually made landfall and Tampa and Saint Pete and how much worse it would have been? We just got a preview of this record storm surge for Clearwater Beach. But imagine if that storm had been a lot closer, how bad it would have been. So I think this is a wakeup call for the Tampa Bay area about get ready. This was another close call. One day your luck is going to run out, though, and things are going to be worse. And again, but coming back to the original message, they weren't in the cone, but they absolutely felt impacts. And how do we communicate to people outside the cone what it's going to be like, Don't let your guard down. This is what you need to be prepared for. That still seems to be the big challenge. You know, we've been talking about communication forever, really, and I think Katrina was the maybe the genesis of a concentrated effort for those in the weather community to really hunker down on the messaging, you know, as far as evacuating and people not evacuating. I mean, you know, it has to do with one, you know, you think your home is invincible, you're in it all the time. Nothing usually happens to your house. So that's part of it. It's also the oh, that won't happen to me mentality, too, you know, And a lot of this has been studied by by, you know, psychologists and sociologists over time, you know, and it's hard when, you know, you do evacuate and then not much happens at your place. You're not as likely to evacuate, you know, in the future. I'm assuming the area in the big bend of Florida, I know it's not very populated, but there's probably a good amount of people who live there, you know, seasonally. And, you know, if they are there in August for whatever reason, and they live in, let's say, Kentucky or Pennsylvania or whatever, you know, they don't have to deal with this. So this is a new experience for them, too. I think also some people just like, you know, it's a thrill, right? Your you against man against nature and people just like that. Right. That's that's that's probably how we invented fire in some ways more so you know there is that human element to it but but you know where we have fire now, you know we have fire. We've done all that. You know, we're advanced enough where we can evacuate, you know, when we're told to. But it is a tough choice. It's a personal choice. I mean, it is. It's it is it's tough for for a number of people. I understand that. Yeah. The other thing with me thinking about Katrina, think of the the economic situation in a lot of those areas. Some of those people just couldn't leave and they did not have the means to leave. And that's one of the things that I wasn't even cognizant of, you know, many years ago, is to understand that there's a lot of people who can't they just can't they don't have the means, much less some place to go. And that's another thing that I think a lot of us doing. Weather communications have had to come to terms with. But what stands out to me is that nowadays it used to be an issue is like, do the people know this storm is coming? Were they notified? Did they have any idea? And now most of the people who do stay behind and survive, like this guy in Cedar Key, he knew what was coming. He knew the storm was going. It wasn't like he didn't have any way. He had not read it in the paper. I mean, now there's so many ways you can get the information if you're on the Internet, your local newspaper, TV. I mean, it is hard not to be notified about the storm. So very rarely do you encounter someone who is literally off the grid and has no idea that storm is coming. They know the storm is coming, but they don't have a good idea of exactly what's going to happen. And then we get into the other reasons of why people even another reason that comes up is people. You know, there are shelters that open up for these storms, but they're concerns about what's available in those shelters. What if they have a family member with special medical needs and are they going to have the equipment in case they have a medical emergency at that shelter to be taken care of? And is it a shelter that allows pets or not? Because a lot of people do not. They consider the pet a member of the family and they do not want to leave their pets behind. They want to bring the pets with them. But there's concerns about, well, are they going to accept pets at the shelter? And so then that might be a hesitation. And then finally, it's getting the information. I think that maybe the what needs to happen is like the shelters being very clear about where the shelters are, what we have available, what we are going to allow and not allow. That might help if there's some communication, like maybe, you know, we're getting better at the forecast communication, people being aware of the storm, but maybe giving telling people, well, what should I do? Maybe that's where the breakdown is, like, where can I go? Because some people may not have a family member. They can go to, you know, just a couple of hours away. There's some people it's like, I don't have any family anywhere close or friends anywhere close. I have nowhere to go, so I'm just going to stay. So maybe getting the word out about where people can go to be safe from the storm. Maybe that's what we need to do better off. Yeah, I agree. I think the I think the communication of a storm approaching is obviously not what we're lacking on any of this. I think everybody's well aware of that. I think it's just as you all touched on, I think it's just people thinking they can ride it out and just the unknown. And I hate to say that that, you know, it just it takes having to go through something like that to realize it. That's, you know, maybe next time I'd be a little bit more cautious or thoughtful on on my actions and whether or not I, I evacuate or not. But yeah, it's just something we're probably going to continue to battle, I guess, is meteorologist and then emergency management is going to have to you know, it's something they have to battle as well. And I think also, you know, where there still can be continued improvement is places that are in the cone, but not at the coast. So much focus is what's going to happen at the coast, and rightfully so, because of the storm surge. Right. You have that added threat in addition to the rain, in addition to the wind. I think sometimes we may just get too carried away. It's like where's the worst going to be? Which is always like, where is it going to be on the coast? And we saw big impacts in Georgia and South Carolina and North Carolina as well. And though those were covered and I think they were communicated, there was still not as much focus. A lot of people being and back again. So many more people feel secondary impacts. Not the worst of the storm. They're still building impact from the storm, but not the worst. And sometimes we get so caught up in how bad is it going to be at this one specific spot we forget to like keep remembering, especially in the national conversation. I think, you know, at the local levels, there's a little bit different conversation. You know, the local meteorologist talking about how it's going to impact this local area. But from the national media perspective, I think there's sometimes a little too much focus on where is the worst going to be. I don't think there was enough in the national conversation about what the impacts were going to be in Georgia and South Carolina and the tremendous amount of rain they were going to see of so many places just seeing six, seven, eight. I think the the the the highest total so far, just a little over nine and a half inches of rain and is absolutely going to cause flooded roads. And this where this occurred was an inland area, nowhere near the coast, but there was absolutely flooding, inland flooding away from the coast. So many flooded roads that impacted travel. And the tornado threat. The most incredible video I saw from this storm so far. Oh, yeah, video out of South Carolina of a tornado crossing an interstate, picking up a car and flipping. I mean, just Google, South Carolina, Italia, tornado, and you will come across that video and it is absolutely incredible. It's amazing those people did not die. I mean, the way that car flipped was literally picked up and partially landed on another car. It is amazing. Those people were not even seriously injured. From what I gather. They were injured, but not seriously. And the fact that they even survived is remarkable. So we sometimes forget about the tornado threat with these hurricanes, too. Again, so much focus on the storm surge, on those strong winds with these hurricanes. But don't forget, usually these hurricanes generate tornadoes as well. And no, they're not yet. Four EF five tornadoes still, you have zero. You have one tornadoes, 100 mile per hour winds, especially when it's just a tropical storm. And so the winds are coming down. It's like, oh, the wind threat's going down. You still got to watch out for tornadoes because those can be deadly as well. If you get hit by the F0, if one tornado crossing a highway, those people got extremely lucky. So we can't forget about the tornado threat as well. The tornado, you know, that we did have across the area, you know, we've seen this a couple of times. You know, where, you know, on it's always on the east side, the storm with the tornadoes, you know, that we do see. And then in terms of the impacts, you know, with the you know, you have the surge and you have the tornadoes and you have the flooding and you have the wind, you know, it's a multi impact storm. I know. We'll I know again, go back to Sam, for instance. Yeah. We talk about the winds alone. But in terms of the storm, it's really a multi impact event. And again, it's when you have a tornado, it just adds to the complexity because sometimes, you know, sometimes you get storm surge and a tornado warning at the same time and you need to figure out where the best place to shelter is. And sometimes being low isn't good and sometimes being high isn't good either. You know, if you have balls going on at the same time. So it's a game, like I said, sometimes a multi impact event. Otherwise, that's all I have here for, for the storm. Yeah, I think this is just a great conversation to have, like getting a group of meteorologists together after a storm like this and just having a conversation and bouncing ideas off of each other. You know, what went right, what went wrong, What can we do better? You know, what did we see with how the models performed? Another thing that stood out to me, the good old battle between the European in the GFC is another example. There is this is another example of the European beat out the GFC. Now again, the GFC has gotten better and this is not does not happen every time, but a so many times during these high impact forecasts it gets so much attention. Oftentimes the European keeps beating the GFC that keeps coming up. And I just got to wonder, it's like, why have we made the GFC model better? The European is not a perfect model. It's not right every time. And there there are still examples where the GFC beats the European. That's why we look at all the models. But it, it just continuously comes up in European versus the GFC. And once again the European has a tendency to wind out, it says what can we do to make the GFC better? It is absolutely fair to say that the European model was able to latch on to this signal that there would be something a good 24, almost 48 hours before before the GFC was able to to lock on to that signal and my understanding, I'm not a numerical weather prediction, dude, but my understanding is that, you know, the data assimilation is just simply better. There. First, gas field is just better because they they put more resources into it because the European Center only has to do one kind of market. Whereas here in the states, you know, we have the global forecast system, we run the triple R, there are all these different resolution models for air dispersion and pollution dispersion. So I don't want to be one of these people. I don't want this to devolve into like bashing Noel because that's not fair at all. They have they are much more on their proverbial plates than than the Europeans do. But yeah, you would want to. Your point is exceedingly well taken. We still need to do better in our in our modeling system, especially for these high impact tropical events for sure. Yeah. I mean, that's what we're always striving for in meteorology. We want to be as accurate as possible. I feel like, you know, some people are always the butt of jokes. It's like, Oh, you can just be right 50% time, but we're not. We're much more accurate that and we're always striving to be better. We realize there's room for improvement. We're always trying to improve. And I think it's conversations like that where we get that improvement. What went right, what went wrong, how can we do better? And so that's why we're having the conversation. It was a great conversation. Obviously, this is a story that's not going away any time soon. And with that in mind, we want to reach out to you, our listeners. Were you impacted by Dalia? Do you have friends or family who were impacted? If you have a story about this storm or just a comment or thought, share it with us. Send us an email at podcasts at Lee Dot Net or leave us a voicemail by calling 6092727099. Again, that email is podcasts at Lee dot net and the phone number is 6092727099. We'd love to hear from you. And finally, before we wrap up, you know, looking ahead, a lot of good episodes lined up. We're going to be talking about how weather impacts fantasy football. Phone companies, Bounce houses. Yes, bounce houses. Those things that kids jump in at birthday parties. You would be shocked how many times the wind has blown those things over. So we're going to do a whole episode about that. But next week we're sticking with hurricanes and we've got an interesting topic lined up. Joe, do you want to tell folks more about this one? Yeah, we're talking about how hurricanes, after they pass through an area in the ocean, they actually warmed a deep part of the ocean. It's common knowledge in the weather world that when a hurricane passes through an area, the surface water temperatures cooler. But we never really looked at what happened deep in the oceans. And yes, the warming in the deeper oceans does have an impact on what happens throughout the rest of hurricane season. So We're talking about that with Sally Water from Brandeis University in Massachusetts. And we also have Noel Gutierrez as well from UC San Diego. You guys won't be able to actually you know, we're an audio only podcast, but Noel, I think, had the best, most awesome looking backdrop in Across the Sky podcast history because he's just shown in San Diego. But we will be chatting with them and that will be our episode coming out on Monday September the 11th. Yes, it was a great background and a fascinating conversation, so looking forward to it and I think that's going to do it for this week's episode of Across the Sky. But if you enjoy the show, please like great share subscribe. I know you hear it from everyone producing digital content, but it really does help us out. So thank you for taking the time to do it for LA Enterprise and my fellow meteorologist Joe Martucci in Atlantic City, Sean Sublette in Richmond, Kirsten Lang in Tulsa, I'm Matt Holiner in Chicago. Thanks again for listening, everyone. And we'll talk to you again soon.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

https://westminster-institute.org/events/did-lockdowns-work-the-verdict-on-covid-restrictions/ Steve H. Hanke is a Senior Fellow, Contributing Editor of The Independent Review, and a Member of the Board of Advisors at the Independent Institute. Hanke is professor of applied economics and founder and co-director of the Institute for Applied Economics, Global Health, and the Study of Business Enterprise at the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, senior adviser at the Renmin University of China's International Monetary Research Institute in Beijing, and a special counselor to the Center for Financial Stability in New York. Hanke is also a contributing editor at Central Banking in London and a contributor at National Review. In addition, Hanke is a member of the Charter Council of the Society for Economic Measurement. In the past, Hanke taught economics at the Colorado School of Mines and at the University of California, Berkeley. He served as a member of the Governor's Council of Economic Advisers in Maryland in 1976–77, as a senior economist on President Reagan's Council of Economic Advisers in 1981–82, and as a senior adviser to the Joint Economic Committee of the U.S. Congress in 1984–88. Hanke served as a state counselor to both the Republic of Lithuania in 1994–96 and the Republic of Montenegro in 1999–2003. He was also an adviser to the presidents of Bulgaria in 1997–2002, Venezuela in 1995–96, and Indonesia in 1998. He played an important role in establishing new currency regimes in Argentina, Estonia, Bulgaria, Bosnia‐Herzegovina, Ecuador, Lithuania, and Montenegro. Hanke has also held senior appointments in the governments of many other countries, including Albania, Kazakhstan, the United Arab Emirates, and Yugoslavia. Hanke has been awarded honorary doctorate degrees by the Universidad San Francisco de Quito (2003), the Free University of Tbilisi (2010), Istanbul Kültür University (2012), the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (2013), Varna Free University (2015), the Universität Liechtenstein (2017), and the D.A. Tsenov Academy of Economics (2018) in recognition of his scholarship on exchange‐rate regimes. He is a distinguished associate of the International Atlantic Economic Society, a distinguished professor at the Universitas Pelita Harapan in Jakarta, Indonesia, a professor asociado (the highest honor awarded to international experts of acknowledged competence) at the Universidad del Azuay in Cuenca, Ecuador, a profesor visitante at the Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (the UPC's highest academic honor), and the Gottfried von Haberler Professor at the European Center of Austrian Economics Foundation in Liechtenstein. In 1998, he was named one of the 25 most influential people in the world by World Trade Magazine. In 2020, Hanke was named a Knight of the Order of the Flag by Albanian President Ilir Meta. Hanke is a well‐known currency and commodity trader. Currently, he serves as chairman of the Supervisory Board of Advanced Metallurgical Group N.V. in Amsterdam and chairman emeritus of the Friedberg Mercantile Group Inc. in Toronto. During the 1990s, he served as president of Toronto Trust Argentina in Buenos Aires, the world's best‐performing emerging market mutual fund in 1995. Hanke received his B.S. in Business Administration (1964) and his Ph.D. in Economics (1969), both from the University of Colorado Boulder.

Soji Apampa co-founded The Convention on Business Integrity in 1997. He is an Executive Director for the Convention on Business Integrity and also serves as a Consultant on CBi projects. Mr. Apampa has served as a Senior Advisor to the UN Global Compact on the 10th Principle (anti-corruption) and consultant to the Inter-Agency Task Team of the Federal Republic of Nigeria tasked with the responsibility of developing a National Strategy to Combat Corruption. In his role as a consultant, Mr. Apampa has carried out numerous assignments for international organizations including the World Bank, DFID, UNDP, UN Global Compact, Heinrich Boell Foundation and many others. Mr. Apampa has also worked in various roles in engineering, business and computing between 1987 and 2007. He was Managing Director of SAP Nigeria Ltd, and Regional Manager (West Africa), for SAP where he worked for 8 years since early 1999 championing ICT-supported governance reforms. Mr. Apampa graduated with a B.Eng. (Hons) in Civil & Structural Engineering from the University of Sheffield in 1987 and holds an MSc. in Governance & Finance from Liverpool John Moores University (2008) where he was member of faculty on the Corporate Governance Masters Programme at the European Center for Corporate Governance for one year. His research interests are in the area of Corporate Compliance and Political Economy Analyses in which he has led numerous, successful research projects. We spoke to him on his thought on The Role of Integrity & Ethics in Nigeria's Governance.

Jennifer Robinson is a barrister at Doughty Street Chambers in London. She has acted in key human rights and media freedom cases in domestic and international courts. Jennifer has advised survivors, journalists, media organisations, advocacy and frontline services organisations on free speech and media law issues. Jennifer serves on the boards of the Bonavero Human Rights Institute, the Bureau for Investigative Journalism and the European Center for Constitutional and Human Rights. Dr Keina Yoshida is a human rights barrister at the Center for Reproductive Rights, an associate tenant of Doughty Street Chambers and a visiting fellow at the Center for Women, Peace and Security at the London School of Economics. Keina has represented and advised victims and survivors of abuse, and has acted in important women´s rights and LGBT rights cases. Keina's publications include Feminist Conversations on Peace (Bristol University Press, 2022) as well as academic journal articles in the European Human Rights Law Review, Human Rights Quarterly and International Affairs. Jennifer and Keina are co-authors of the 2023 book How Many More Women? The Silencing of Women by the Law and How to Stop It.

* Note, this episode is (in part) a reflection on episodes 154-163. A series about the intersection of adult development and leadership: listening to those episodes will provide context for this discussion.David V. Day holds appointments as Professor of Psychology and Leadership, and as Academic Director of the Kravis Leadership Institute at Claremont McKenna College. He is a Fellow of the American Psychological Association, Association for Psychological Science, International Association of Applied Psychology, and the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology. He has published more than 100 peer-reviewed journal articles, books, and book chapters, many pertaining to the core topics of leadership and leadership development. He received the Walter Ulmer Research Award from the Center for Creative Leadership in 2010 for outstanding, career-long contributions to applied leadership research.Dr. Jonathan Reams is driven by an insatiable curiosity about the essence of human nature and how to cultivate this essence in the service of leadership. He uses various outlets to achieve this. He currently has a position at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, where he teaches and does research on leadership development, coaching, and counseling. He serves as Editor-in-Chief of Integral Review, A Transdisciplinary and Transcultural Journal for New Thought, Praxis and Research. He is also a co-founder of the Center for Transformative Leadership and the European Center for Leadership Practice. Jonathan's Ph.D. is in Leadership Studies from Gonzaga University. Jonathan practices the cultivation of leadership through consulting and leadership development program design and delivery.A Couple Quotes"Much of this adult development work is about how people talk and think, or how they talk is supposed to reflect their thinking. But what about behaviors...how can we use virtual reality to put people into situations and see how they navigate that?""We're trying to capture reality in flight. Development is going on all the time, every day, and the stages are helpful to a point, but then they sort of get in the way of what's going on in someone's developmental trajectory."Resources/Authors Mentioned in This EpisodeTheo Dawson's workKurt Fischer's workResource: Foundations of Lectical Assessment (FOLA)Book: The Unfolding Now by A. H. Almaas Book: Creative Act by Rick RubinBook: Thought as a System by David BohmBook: Faith Hope and Carnage by Nick CaveAbout  Scott J. AllenWebsiteMy Approach to HostingThe views of my guests do not constitute "truth." Nor do they reflect my personal views in some instances. However, they are views to consider, and I hope they help you clarify your perspective. Nothing can replace your reflection, research, and exploration of the topic.About The International Leadership Association (ILA)The ILA was created in 1999 to bring together professionals interested in the study, practice, and teaching of leadership. 

Al termine della settimana che ha nuovamente visto l'Emilia Romagna colpita da fenomeni estremi, ci concentriamo sulla relazione tra emissioni di Co2 e cambiamenti climatici.Nella seconda parte, prendendo spunto dalla nomina di Luigi Di Maio a inviato europeo nel Golfo Persico, chiediamo a Cinzia Bianco, analista per lo European Center for Foreign Relations e autrice con Matteo Legrenzi di "Le monarchie arabe del Golfo: nuovo centro di gravità in Medio Oriente" (Il Mulino), di spiegarci perché è bene che l'Europa conosca e si interessi a quest'area dello scacchiere geopolitico.In collaborazione con Euranet Plus

Lawrence Krauss is an internationally known theoretical physicist, bestselling author, and acclaimed lecturer. He is currently President of The Origins Project Foundation, and host of The Origins Podcast. In this episode Professor Krauss discusses his 10th and most recent book: The Edge of Knowledge: Unsolved Mysteries of the Cosmos. The book challenges readers to explore the limits of what we know, and possibly what is even knowable! Can science ever explain the mysteries of time, space, matter, the origin of life, and the nature of consciousness? Lawrence addresses these challenges head on while also celebrating how far we have come in understanding the universe. Professor Krauss reminds us tha not knowing implies a universe of opportunities with the possibility of discovery and surprise.  In the episode Dr. Krauss has much to say about the risks of AI, astrobiology, the pursuit of a theory of everything, and where science can take us. He reveals his motivations for writing this latest book, and his deep concerns for the current state of academic freedom.  As an accomplished scientist with over 500 publications, Lawrence Krauss has focused on the interface between elementary particle physics and cosmology, including the origin and evolution of the Universe and the fundamental structure of matter. Among his numerous important scientific contributions was the proposal, in 1995, that most of the energy of the Universe resided in empty space. Krauss previously served as Director of Arizona State University's Origins Project, and Foundation Professor for a decade from 2008-2018, and also as Chair of the Board of Sponsors of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists from 2006-2018. During his career Prof. Krauss has held endowed professorships and distinguished research appointments at institutions including Harvard University, Yale University, University of Chicago, Boston University, University of Zurich, University of California at Santa Barbara, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, the European Center for Nuclear Research (CERN), Case Western Reserve University, Australian National University, Arizona State University, and New College of Humanities. He has written 10 popular books, including the international best-sellers, The Physics of Star Trek and A Universe from Nothing.   https://originsproject.org/ https://www.lawrencemkrauss.com/ https://twitter.com/LKrauss The Edge of Knowledge: Unsolved Mysteries of the Cosmos: https://t.co/BD18qnTxtq The Cosmological Constant Paper by Dr. Krauss: https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9504003 Subscribe to the Jordan Harbinger Show for amazing content from Apple's best podcast of 2018! https://www.jordanharbinger.com/podcasts  Please leave a rating and review: On Apple devices, click here, https://apple.co/39UaHlB On Spotify it's here: https://spoti.fi/3vpfXok On Audible it's here https://tinyurl.com/wtpvej9v  Find other ways to rate here: https://briankeating.com/podcast Support the podcast on Patreon https://www.patreon.com/drbriankeating  or become a Member on YouTube- https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCmXH_moPhfkqCk6S3b9RWuw/join To advertise with us, contact advertising@airwavemedia.com Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Lawrence Krauss is an internationally known theoretical physicist, bestselling author, and acclaimed lecturer. He is currently President of The Origins Project Foundation, and host of The Origins Podcast. In this episode Professor Krauss discusses his 10th and most recent book: The Edge of Knowledge: Unsolved Mysteries of the Cosmos. The book challenges readers to explore the limits of what we know, and possibly what is even knowable!  Can science ever explain the mysteries of time, space, matter, the origin of life, and the nature of consciousness? Lawrence addresses these challenges head on while also celebrating how far we have come in understanding the universe. Professor Krauss reminds us tha not knowing implies a universe of opportunities with the possibility of discovery and surprise.  In the episode Dr. Krauss has much to say about the risks of AI, astrobiology, the pursuit of a theory of everything, and where science can take us.  He reveals his motivations for writing this latest book, and his deep concerns for the current state of academic freedom.  As an accomplished scientist with over 500 publications,  Lawrence Krauss has focused on the interface between elementary particle physics and cosmology, including the origin and evolution of the Universe and the fundamental structure of matter. Among his numerous important scientific contributions was the proposal, in 1995, that most of the energy of the Universe resided in empty space.  Krauss previously served as Director of Arizona State University's Origins Project, and Foundation Professor for a decade from 2008-2018, and also as Chair of the Board of Sponsors of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists from 2006-2018.  During his career Prof. Krauss has held endowed professorships and distinguished research appointments at institutions including Harvard University, Yale University, University of Chicago, Boston University, University of Zurich, University of California at Santa Barbara, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, the European Center for Nuclear Research (CERN), Case Western Reserve University, Australian National University, Arizona State University, and New College of Humanities.  He has written 10 popular books, including the international best-sellers, The Physics of Star Trek and A Universe from Nothing.   https://originsproject.org/ https://www.lawrencemkrauss.com/ https://twitter.com/LKrauss The Edge of Knowledge: Unsolved Mysteries of the Cosmos: https://t.co/BD18qnTxtq The Cosmological Constant Paper by Dr. Krauss: https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9504003 Subscribe to the Jordan Harbinger Show for amazing content from Apple's best podcast of 2018! https://www.jordanharbinger.com/podcasts  Please leave a rating and review: On Apple devices, click here, https://apple.co/39UaHlB On Spotify it's here: https://spoti.fi/3vpfXok On Audible it's here https://tinyurl.com/wtpvej9v  Find other ways to rate here: https://briankeating.com/podcast Support the podcast on Patreon https://www.patreon.com/drbriankeating  or become a Member on YouTube- https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCmXH_moPhfkqCk6S3b9RWuw/join To advertise with us, contact advertising@airwavemedia.com Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Dr. Jonathan Reams is driven by an insatiable curiosity about the essence of human nature and how to cultivate this essence in the service of leadership.He uses various outlets to achieve this. He currently has a position at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, where he teaches and does research on leadership development, coaching, and counseling. He serves as Editor-in-Chief of Integral Review, A Transdisciplinary and Transcultural Journal for New Thought, Praxis and Research. He is also a co-founder of the Center for Transformative Leadership and the European Center for Leadership Practice. Jonathan's Ph.D. is in Leadership Studies from Gonzaga University.Jonathan practices the cultivation of leadership through consulting and leadership development program design and delivery. He brings awareness-based technology to this work, focusing on how the inner workings of human nature can develop leadership capacities for today's complex challenges. Quotes From This Episode"Leaders create the weather, and it's often leaders' unconscious shadows that are the most active weather creation patterns."Resources Mentioned in This EpisodeArticle: Lare Scale Leadership Development Program (Jonathan's Program)Article: Immunity to Change - Report from the FieldOrganization: Minds at WorkOrganization: LecticaOrganization: Arbinger Institue (Leadership and Self Deception and The Collusion Map)360 Degree Assessment: Leadership CircleResource: Transformations Card DeckBook: The Talent Code by CoyleMore About Series Co-Host, Dr. Jonathan ReamsJonathan's WebsiteBook: Maturing Leadership: How Adult Development Impacts LeadershipArticle: A Brief Overview of Developmental TheoryAbout  Scott J. AllenWebsiteMy Approach to HostingThe views of my guests do not constitute "truth." Nor do they reflect my personal views in some instances. However, they are important views to be aware of. Nothing can replace your own research and exploration.About The International Leadership Association (ILA)The ILA was created in 1999 to bring together professionals interested in the study, practice, and teaching of leadership. 

Dr. Jonathan Reams is driven by an insatiable curiosity about the essence of human nature and how to cultivate this essence in the service of leadership.He uses various outlets to achieve this. He currently has a position at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, where he teaches and does research on leadership development, coaching, and counseling. He serves as Editor-in-Chief of Integral Review, A Transdisciplinary and Transcultural Journal for New Thought, Praxis and Research. He is also a co-founder of the Center for Transformative Leadership and the European Center for Leadership Practice. Jonathan's Ph.D. is in Leadership Studies from Gonzaga University.Jonathan practices the cultivation of leadership through consulting and leadership development program design and delivery. He brings awareness-based technology to this work, focusing on how the inner workings of human nature can develop leadership capacities for today's complex challenges. Quotes From This Episode"It is the air that we breathe, the water that we swim in it; it's all around us. It is the essence of our experience. And because of that, it's often invisible to us. It's taken as given. It's just the way we see the world, and that's how it is. And (Robert) Kegan tries to lift this up and make it visible for us.""Self-awareness is a key foundation for good leadership. Because if you're not aware of your own shadows, your own tendencies, you will act them out in unconscious ways and project them onto others and create unintended consequences."Resources Mentioned in This EpisodeBook: Noise by Daniel KahnemanBook: Talent Code by Dan CoyleMore About Guest and Series Co-Host, Jonathan ReamsJonathan's WebsiteBook: Maturing Leadership: How Adult Development Impacts LeadershipArticle: A Brief Overview of Developmental TheoryAbout  Scott J. AllenWebsiteAbout The International Leadership Association (ILA)The ILA was created in 1999 to bring together professionals interested in the study, practice, and teaching of leadership. 

This week on Talk World Radio we're discussing the ethnic cleansing of Palestine. Professor Ilan Pappe is the Director of the European Center for Palestine Studies and a senior fellow of the Institute for Arab and Islamic Studies at the University of Exeter, UK. Pappe is the author of 20 books his two most recent ones are Our Vision for Liberation, with Ramzy Baroud and The Historical Dictionary of Palestine with Johnny Mansour. His most known work is the 2006 book The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine and he also co-authored two books with Noam Chomsky.

As with many other wars and conflicts that grew out of the collapse of the Soviet Union, there is a much deeper history to what is going on between Azerbaijan and Armenia. You have to understand the historical context to understand why these two countries cannot get together and come to a lasting agreement over their border and what to do with Nagorno Karabakh. With a breaking of the ceasefire last month, and at least 300 dead, this region continues to see instability that has the potential to flare up again and again. For this episode we talk with Mary Glantz, a former US Foreign Service Officer and a current Senior Advisor to the Russian and European Center at the US Institute of Peace, about the intractable nature of this conflict. On a rare positive note, there is hope that a breakthrough in the peace process is closer than ever and there is a high likelihood that the United States could help push this over the finish line. Listen today to help better understand the drivers of this conflict and what the what is happening here!Dr. Mary Glantz was a career member of the U.S. Foreign Service and was detailed to USIP as a State Department fellow prior to her retirement in 2022.Most of her 20-year career as a diplomat has focused on Russia, the former Soviet Union, and other countries of Europe and Eurasia. Previous overseas postings include Baku, Jerusalem, Estonia, and Kosovo. Dr. Glantz also has served as a Russia analyst in the Bureau of Intelligence and Research as well as on the Russia and Poland desks at the State Department. Prior to joining the State Department, she worked as an intern for the Special Adviser for Central and Eastern European Affairs to the Secretary General of NATO, serving in Moscow, Russia and Vilnius, Lithuania.Dr. Glantz received her bachelor's in history from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, her master's in post-Soviet studies from the University of London's School of Slavonic and East European Studies, and a doctorate from Temple University with a specialization in military and diplomatic history. She recently completed a certificate in data science at Montgomery College.Donate Today to help support our ongoing series. 

In this episode, FBI whistleblower and host Jane Turner talks with Mark Worth, Executive Director of Whistleblowing International and the European Center for Whistleblower Rights. Worth talks about his work on international whistleblower issues, whistleblowing in Europe, and how he supports whistleblowers every day. Learn more about WNN's international correspondent in this episode!

Propaganda und Desinformation, Cyberangriffe, unterschwellige Einflussnahme – die Liste hybrider Bedrohungen ist lang. Oberst i.G. Sönke Marahrens, Direktor für Strategie und Verteidigung am »European Center of Excellence for Countering Hybrid Threat« legt dar, wie sich EU und Nato auf solche Angriffe vorbereiten. Sie haben Anregungen, Kritik oder Themenvorschläge zu dieser Sendung? – Dann schreiben Sie uns doch eine Mail an die Adresse acht.milliarden@spiegel.de. Sie können uns auch eine WhatsApp-Nachricht schicken: +49 – 151 – 728 29 182 See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Lívia Franco é professora e investigadora no Instituto de Estudos Políticos da Universidade Católica Portuguesa (IEPUCP) e Investigadora Associada do think-tank pan-europeu European Center for Foreign Relations (ECFR). Leciona e investiga nos domínios da Política Internacional Contemporânea, Política Externa Portuguesa, Política Europeia e Questões de Democracia e Segurança e Defesa. Doutorou-se em Ciência Política pelo IEP-UCP e é Mestre em Relações Internacionais pela Universidade de Lovaina. Lívia Franco é ainda comentadora residente na SIC Notícias e comentadora habitual noutros media sobre Assuntos Internacionais e de Política Europeia.  -> Apoie este projecto e faça parte da comunidade de mecenas do 45 Graus em: 45graus.parafuso.net/apoiar -> Livro «Política a 45 Graus». _______________ Índice da conversa: (06:09) Início da conversa: a guerra resulta de um erro de cálculo de Putin? | Ensaio de Putin sobre a Ucrânia. Os filósofos que influenciam Putin. | Motivações securitárias vs identitárias. Teoria realista das relações internacionais. | Discurso de Putin no “Dia da Vitória”. (28:46) Que importância têm as populações russófonas da Ucrânia? Livro «O Choque das Civilizações e a Mudança na Ordem Mundial», de Samuel P. Huntington  (35:15) Cenários para o fim da guerra, compromissos possíveis. OSCE. (50:40) Cenários para a Ordem Mundial pós-guerra. Livro «O fim da História», de Francis Fukuyama. | O efeito da pandemia (56:46) É hoje mais provável uma invasão de Taiwan pela China? Impacto no “resto do Mundo”. | Impacto na Europa: inquérito aos cidadãos europeus. | Conseguirá a China unir um polo por si dominado? (1:06:21) É legítimo o alargamento da NATO à Finlândia e Suécia? (1:09:44) Livro recomendado: Putin's World: Russia Against the West and with the Rest Hardcover, by Angela Stent  _______________ Desde a invasão da Ucrânia, a 24 de fevereiro, que a guerra tem dominado a discussão no espaço público. Tenho hesitado, porém, em trazer um tema tão volátil ao 45 Graus, tendo em conta um dos princípios do podcast: que cada episódio seja o mais perene possível -- isto é, que perca pouco em ser ouvido 1, 2 ou 5 anos depois de ter sido gravado.  E, no entanto, este é, de facto, um tema incontornável -- e um evento que, qualquer que venha ser o desfecho, veio alterar a Ordem Mundial de maneira irreversível.  E imprevisível, também? No início da guerra -- que apanhou (quase) todos de surpresa -- provavelmente sim, mas agora que passam já 3 meses do início da invasão, numa altura em que as posições da Rússia, da Ucrânia e o Ocidente e, igualmente importante, o resto do mundo começam já a ficar claras, achei que era uma boa altura para finalmente trazer o tema ao podcast.    Nesta conversa com Lívia Franco, abordámos três aspectos essenciais para compreender a guerra e as suas implicações geopolíticas: Primeiro, as motivações da Rússia para a invasão.  Eu sei que este é um tema pisado e repisado, mas é mais complexo do que transparece da análise muitas vezes apressada das televisões, por isso vale a pena aprofundá-lo com a calma e profundidade que um podcast proporciona.  A verdade é que as motivações russas são complexas e difíceis de discernir. Há quem veja na invasão simplesmente a loucura de um déspota isolado pela pandemia, que vê neo-nazis em todo o lado. Mas essa explicação é, necessariamente, curta. Já todos vimos também a invasão ser descrita numa lógica mais consequente como a vontade de Putin em recuperar o território da antiga URSS; mas também é muitas vezes descrita como uma reacção à ameaça trazida pela suposta intenção da Nato de expandir a leste. Da mesma forma, há quem diga que a preocupação da cúpula russa está não tanto no território ou estritamente na ameaça bélica, mas sobretudo na aproximação dos governos e da política ucraniana nos últimos anos na direcção das democracias liberais ocidentais. E há mesmo quem sugira, como faz a convidada, que a guerra tem também a intenção de afirmar o poder russo num mundo a convergir para dois polos: EUA e China. Vale, por isso, a pena tentar perceber melhor estas explicações políticas e, sobretudo, o modo como se relacionam entre si. O segundo aspecto que abordámos na conversa é o passo seguinte: qual poderá ser o desfecho da guerra? Nesta altura, parece quase certo que nem a Rússia nem a Ucrânia irão poder cantar vitória e que o desfecho terá de decorrer, por isso, pela via negocial. E aí, que cedências, que compromissos poderão estar em cima da mesa? O que poderá ser aceitável para ambos os lados e, desejavelmente, dar alguma estabilidade geopolítica. E, finalmente, o terceiro tópico que discutimos, que está relacionado com este, é o mais importante de todos: que implicações terá esta guerra na Ordem Mundial?  A convidada lembra a certo ponto a famosa tese do cientista político norte-americano Francis Fukuyama, no seu livro de 1992, «O fim da História». Segundo esta tese, a queda da URSS, que acabava de ocorrer -- e, com ela, do modelo comunista -- trazia consigo a convergência do Mundo inteiro para a ordem liberal do modelo ocidental: com democracia, economia de mercado, defesa dos direitos humanos, respeito pela integridade territorial dos Estados e da auto-determinação dos povos. No meu livro, pego na tese de Fukuyama para mostrar que esta era demasiado optimista no que diz respeito à suposta superioridade prática das democracias, como tem ficado evidente com a expansão dos populismos este século.  Na nossa conversa, a convidada assinala como a tese de Fukuyama estava também errada na sua vertente geopolítica, uma vez que, apesar do sistema de instituições multilaterais que hoje existem, como a ONU, e da integração da economia mundial, ainda é possível a líderes autocráticos usar o seu poder e capacidade de acicatar sentimentos nacionalistas entre a população para invadir outros países, desrespeitando estes princípios.  A invasão da Ucrânia veio, assim, mostrar que esta expectativa era ingénua. Ao mesmo tempo, a acção da Rússia forçou os países, sobretudo aqueles com mais peso geopolítico, a porem as cartas na mesa: contra a Rússia (como a generalidade dos países ocidentais) ou a favor desta -- ou, pelo menos, assumindo uma postura ambígua, como países como a Índia têm tentado fazer. E o retrato que tem emergido é, aliás, menos harmonioso do que possa parecer aos olhos ocidentais, pois nem todos os países estão dispostos a alinhar na postura de condenação absoluta ao regime de Putin.  O que parece hoje quase certo é que a invasão da Ucrânia irá alterar a Ordem Mundial. Mas para onde? Segundo a convidada, a acção da Rússia, ao invés de dar um renovado peso na arena mundial pode, pelo contrário, precipitado a tendência que vinha ganhando forma este século: a emergência de um mundo bipolar dividido entre os EUA e a China.  _______________ Obrigado aos mecenas do podcast: João Teixeira, Gualter Agrochão, Ricardo Evangelista, Julie Piccini, Ana Raquel Guimarães Ricardo Santos, Bruno Heleno, Mário Teixeira, António Santos, bfdc, GalarÓ family, Manuel Canelas, Fernando Nunes, Luis Fernambuco, JosÉ LuÍs Malaquias, Francisco Hermenegildo, Nuno Costa, Abilio Silva, Salvador Cunha, Cesar Carpinteiro, Pedro Lima Ferreira, Miguel van Uden, JoÃo Ribeiro, Nuno e Ana, JoÃo Baltazar, Miguel Marques, Margarida Varela, Corto Lemos, Carlos Martins Tiago Leite, Tomás Costa, André Gamito, Isabel Moita, B Cortez, João Teixeira, Miguel Bastos, Ricardo Leitão, Tiago Taveira, Diogo Costa, AntÓnio Rocha Pinto, Ana Pina, Alberto Alcalde, GonÇalo Morgado, Joao Alves, Geoffrey Marcelino, Luis, Maria Pimentel, RB, Gabriel Sousa, Mário LourenÇo, Andreia Esteves, Ana Cantanhede Arune Bhuralal, Isabel Oliveira, Ana Teresa Mota, Francisco Fonseca, JoÃo Nelas, Tiago Queiroz, AntÓnio Padilha, Rita Mateus, Daniel Correia, Joao Saro, Pedro Gaspar, Dario Rodrigues, David Gil, Bernardo Pimentel, Tiago Parente, Emanuel Saramago, Daniel Pais, Miguel Jacinto, Luís Santos, Bernardo Pimentel, tati lima, Teresa Melvill de AraÚjo, FÁbio Videira Santos, Rui Martins, Helena Pinheiro, Tiago Agostinho, Miguel Jacinto, InÊs Ribeiro, Sofia Ferreira, JC Pacheco, Catarina Fonseca, Pedro On The Road, Carla Bosco, GonÇalo Baptista, Joana Pereirinha, ZÉ, JosÉ Fangueiro, Rita Noronha, Pedro RomÃo, JoÃo Pereira Amorim, SÉrgio Nunes, Telmo Gomes, Antonio Loureiro, Beatriz Bagulho, Tiago Stock, Gabriel Candal, FÁbio Monteiro, Joao Barbosa, Rita Sousa Pereira, HENRIQUE PEDRO, CloÉ Leal de MagalhÃes, Francisco Moura, Rui Antunes7, Joel, Pedro L, JoÃo Diamantino, Nuno Lages, JoÃo Farinha, Henrique Vieira, AndrÉ Abrantes, HÉlder Moreira, JosÉ Losa, JoÃo Ferreira, Rui Vilao, JoÃo Pereira, Goncalo Murteira Machado Monteiro, Luis Miguel da Silva Barbosa, Bruno Lamas, Diogo Rombo, Francisco L. Bermudes, Maria Francisca Couto, Alexandre Freitas, Afonso Martins, JosÉ ProenÇa, Jose Pedroso, Telmo , Francisco Vasconcelos, Duarte , Luis Marques, Joana Margarida Alves Martins, TomÁs Lucena, Margarida Costa Almeida, JoÃo Lopes, Bruno Pinto Vitorino, Margarida Correia-Neves, miguel farracho, Teresa Pimentel, GonÇalo de Paiva e Pona , Tiago Pedroso, GonÇalo Castro, InÊs InocÊncio, Hugo Ramos, Pedro Bravo, AntÓnio Mendes Silva, paulo matos, LuÍs BrandÃo, TomÁs Saraiva, Nuno Malvar, Ana Rita Laureano, Manuel Botelho da Silva, Wedge, Bruno Amorim InÁcio, Manuel Martins, Ana Sousa Amorim, Robertt Valente, Miguel Palhas, Maria Oliveira, Filipe Melo, Gil Batista Marinho, Cesar Correia, Diogo Silva, PatrÍcia EsquÍvel , InÊs PatrÃo, Daniel Almeida, Paulo Ferreira, Macaco Quitado, Pedro Correia, Francisco Santos, Antonio Albuquerque, Renato Mendes, JoÃo Barbosa, Margarida GonÇalves, Andrea Grosso, JoÃo Pinho , JoÃo Crispim, Francisco Aguiar , Joao Diogo, JoÃo Diogo Silva, JosÉ Oliveira Pratas, Vasco Lima, TomÁs FÉlix, Pedro Rebelo, Nuno GonÇalves, Mariana Barosa, Francisco Arantes, JoÃo Raimundo, Mafalda Pratas, Tiago Pires, Luis Quelhas Valente, Vasco SÁ Pinto, Jorge Soares, Pedro Miguel Pereira Vieira, Pedro F. Finisterra, Artur Castro Freire _______________ Esta conversa foi editada por: Hugo Oliveira _______________ Bio: Lívia Franco é Professora Associada e Investigadora Principal no Instituto de Estudos Políticos da Universidade Católica Portuguesa (IEPUCP) e Investigadora Associada do think-tank pan-europeu European Center for Foreign Relations (ECFR). Leciona e investiga nos domínios da Política Internacional Contemporânea, Política Externa Portuguesa, Política Europeia e Questões de Democracia e Segurança e Defesa. É autora e coordenadora de obras e artigos nas suas áreas de especialização. Doutorou-se em Ciência Política pelo IEP-UCP e é Mestre em Relações Internacionais pela Universidade de Lovaina. Foi bolseira da FCT e da FLAD. Foi Visiting Scholar na Universidade de Brown e Fulbrighter PhD student no Boston College, EUA. Foi FLAD Visiting Professor na Universidade de Georgetown no semestre de Outono de 2021. Lívia Franco é ainda comentadora residente na SIC Notícias e comentadora habitual noutros media sobre Assuntos Internacionais e de Política Europeia.

The decisions by the governments of Sweden and Finland to apply to join NATO mark a major departure from both countries' longstanding policies of nonalignment. But how, specifically, will it affect these countries’ defense capabilities—and those of NATO? How much needs to be done to achieve interoperability? And most fundamentally, while Russia’s invasion of Ukraine clearly triggered these decisions, why did both countries make this major decision at this particular moment? To unpack those questions and many more, John Amble is joined on this episode by Rasmus Hindren, the head of international relations at the European Center of Excellence for Countering Hybrid Threats, a senior nonresident fellow at the Atlantic Council, and an experienced defense policy practitionerin his home country of Finland.

The invasion of Ukraine by Russia - and the ensuing war - has brought food prices back into the news. This is happening on the back of the Covid-19 global pandemic that also disrupted the food supply chain, causing shortages and rising prices in many countries. So how should countries set national food policies in the face of risks and uncertainties? This is the subject of my conversation with agricultural economist Fabien Tondel. He is a researcher and Policy Officer with the European Centre for Development Policy Management - an independent think tank with a focus on making development policy work in Europe and Africa.Fabien's work encompasses research on agri-food value chain development, rural development and food security in Africa, and building sustainable food systems. The background to our conversation is this report (which Fabien co-wrote) on the rice value chain in West Africa. Rice is a staple in the region, it’s a commodity that has been at the heart of diverse food policy approaches (see this essay on the politics of rice policy in Ghana and Nigeria) from Nigeria to Ghana and Senegal. Fabien and I covered many of the subtle but familiar themes in food policy - like the difference between food security and self-sufficiency, whether there is a dilemma in using policy to protect producers or consumers, and the ever-present threat of food inflation.The transcript for the conversation is available below, and you can listen to this and many of our episodes on all popular podcast vendors.TRANSCRIPTTobi; I mean, like you and I were discussing earlier, a lot of the issues we tried to talk about last year, particularly in the report that was released by your institution back then on rice and the rice value chain. But not just that, food policy and production, particularly in Africa, West Africa, generally, are even more relevant today, because a lot has happened, some of the effects from the pandemic policies are really feeding into the system. We are seeing the rise in prices, we are seeing a lot of shortages, we are seeing a lot of supply chain problems. So, I think it's even more relevant to be having this conversation right now. I would like to start by asking you...it might sound a bit trivial, but in your reports released last year, why rice? I'm asking this against the background of Nigeria. Currently, the government is also talking about rice, I mean, it is towards the end of the year, there is a lot of anti-importation reaction from the policy circles. So, I guess, out of sheer curiosity, why Rice, rice is a bit of a political... we call it a political crop here in Nigeria. So why focus on rice, if you can answer that for me briefly?Fabien; Yes, Tobi. Rice is a highly politically charged product in many countries, in African countries, as well as in other parts of the world. Rice is an increasingly important part of the diet of African country populations, particularly in urban centers, where consumers enjoy this product because of its quality in terms of food, its taste, and also the ease of preparation, households find it very practical. And we've seen the consumption of rice increasing rapidly in African countries over the past decades, including in Nigeria. So, this is not a new phenomenon. We have seen it coming now for several decades, and at the same time, the policymakers have put a lot of emphasis on increasing rice production with the idea of satisfying the needs of their populations, with the idea of attaining self-sufficiency. Because up until now, imports of rice coming largely from Asian producers, but also from other countries have played a big role in satisfying the needs of these populations. And so, policymakers have found themselves in a difficult spot to satisfy the needs of the important critical needs of the population, but at the same time to deliver on the promises to boost domestic rice production as part of agricultural development strategies. So yes, it's a very important product politically. And we see that these issues, a bit, come to the surface in times of crisis. We saw it in 2008, during the global economic, financial, and food price crisis. And to a certain extent, we've also seen it during the COVID crisis, with uncertainties in international markets, disruptions in international supply chains, but also domestic food supply chains in many parts of the world that have raised concerns among policymakers, but also, in practical terms, made the life of many people more difficult by lifting food prices. So yes, I think it's still a very good time to talk about this.Tobi; And again, this is the background I'm coming from here. Because I mean, I'm going to be substituting rice policies with agriculture policies a lot. So, Nigeria typically promotes agricultural development as part of pursuing food security. Usually, the go-to policy is to ban importation. But we know it raises food inflation, which has been the experience of Nigerian consumers, and I think even in the region to a certain extent. So, it raises food inflation, food prices go up, either generally or even for that particular product. And then secondly, we don't see much increase in domestic production capacity for that particular product or for food generally. So, I guess my first question on that area would be, what other policy choices do you think exist for policymakers other than this policy of banning the importation, which does not really increase output, and at the same time raises domestic prices for food, which makes even the poorer household more vulnerable?Fabien; To answer your question, we have to consider the specificities of Nigeria. And also, the more general situation in West Africa and beyond Nigeria is significantly dependent on the importation of a number of processed goods, including processed food. So, I think it's good to say that the importation of rice from the point of view of certain policymakers also concerns other products - cooking oil, processed foods, etc. But again, because of the importance of rice for the typical households, including low-income households, I think there's a particular issue of rice. At the same time, the government of Nigeria has been very active over the years in promoting the production of rice. And it's still good to know also that there's a large part of the rice consumed in Nigeria comes from Nigeria. [Rice] is produced in different parts of the country, in particular, in the north and central parts of the country. And there's been progress in production. The question is, how far to go in promoting rice production? Is it economically efficient? Does it benefit rural households and farmers? What is the opportunity cost also of investing in rice production? In the end, you know, what is the best approach to support food security? I think just to go back also, I think to your first question about the study that we conducted, I should say that it all comes from the 2008 food price crisis. And sorry to go back to the past, but I think we should remind the auditors that this crisis caused serious concerns for policymakers, particularly in Western Africa, with the high prices and the protests in some places that it led to. And following these events, policymakers invested a lot of effort in improving rice production in African countries and in pursuing self-sufficiency. And we'll come back to it but there's a number of tools that are relevant for promoting agricultural development. But this situation of high import dependency raises the question of the role of trade policies. And not to conclude before analyzing the problems that trade is the main problem or too liberal policies; not protectionist enough is the problem or that, on the contrary, we should rely even more on trade. But our work really aimed to understand the role of trade policy amongst many factors in ensuring food security and Agricultural and Rural Development, and how this factor - this trade factor - played out in different contexts in the region, and then what policy implication we can draw from that. Now allow me to come back quickly to the case of Nigeria, which I find fascinating. I think we should say also that rice importation also takes place in a particular context, I think the Nigerian government has always been somewhat protective of its domestic market. And there's a rationale for that. And provided that at the same time there's a strong commitment and also an economic rationale for protecting the investments of farmers and industrial actors in this sector. But while Nigeria was more protective than its neighboring countries, this has also had the effect of diverting trade flows with certain quantities of rice still entering the country perhaps in more informal ways. I think we know that in West Africa, borders are largely porous. There's a lot of informal trade, which is, of course, a fact it's not good or bad. But this reality also has played a role in the Nigerian reactions in the trade policy area. We know that other countries in Western Africa have quite different policies than the Nigerian government. And again, this is not necessarily good or bad, it's a fact. But this raises the question of the policy coordination amongst Western African countries to attain food security and rural development objectives. Now, the import ban imposed by the Nigerian governments perhaps two years ago, which has lasted for some time has led to some disruption in the Nigerian market, in the rice market in particular. And as you were hinting, there's been a rise in rice prices [and] also in the context of a general inflation trend.And these rising prices, of course, have undermined the purchasing power of urban households. At the same time, the Nigerian government has been very active in supporting rice farmers, and the central bank has played an important role in making available money to access fertilizer and other inputs, and also to help farmers sell their rice. So, a lot of public support may also have contributed to some extent to inflation trends. And indeed, we see that this policy has had some impacts, some different impacts on different segments of the population. With farmers, at least, in some areas being relatively happy. But of course, urban households [are] suffering from the price increases and general inflation. So, I think it's in this context, also, that we should discuss the role of trade policies. Which again, I think should be a nuanced discussion looking at the different aspects of it.Tobi; So, talking about trade policies and around agricultural development of food policy generally, one thing that usually comes up in my conversation with people, and I've also read or heard so many people argue this point is the issue of domestic producers versus consumers, you know, like some kind of dilemmas that countries face on whose interests you should protect.As you pointed out, through the CBN and various other schemes here in Nigeria, there has been a lot of support for domestic production, in terms of credit facilities, in terms of access to fertilizers, and all that. But sometimes you hear retailers and so many people who are involved in rice particularly will tell you that the market price for rice is double what the price of rice is at the border. So, it is from the border to Nigeria that over half of the price of rice gets added. And now, my thinking is that we really don't see the government do enough domestically in other areas beyond simply supporting cultivation, other supply issues like storage and transportation, which raises domestic prices, which they do not make domestic producers’ price competitive with importers, we don't see a lot of emphasis on this issue.So, I want to ask you, why is that? Is it because these are big problems to solve generally, or because policymakers do not realize that these are problems? Right. So, I guess, ultimately, my point would be that, should domestic consumers pay higher prices to support producers? Because I know that urban consumers particularly are a good source of income for a lot of farmers. So, is this a policy that should be sustained or even actively maintained? Or is there a way to make this a not so difficult adjustment for all involved, including producers and consumers? That's a bit of a long question so don't mind me.Fabien; It's a long question, but it's a complex problem, also. So, I think it's normal to ask it in this way. I think you're talking about a dilemma for policymakers that is seen almost everywhere. Consumers would like to have low food prices, because it's such an important part of their budget, while farmers like to have high prices for agricultural and food products, because it's their revenue, and they need to compensate for their cost. So, there are two things. I think there can be in the short run, perhaps, some imbalance provided that these high prices entice farmers to invest more to increase the supply which should lead then to a decrease in prices which will also be beneficial to consumers. But the problem is not as simple because as you said, between the farmer and the household, there are a lot of steps to aggregate, process, and distribute the food products. And what I am talking [about] here is what we call the value chain. And so, we see that to actually expand the supply of the products, but also to ensure that the quality of these products satisfies the needs and the preferences of the consumer, there is a need for investments in enterprises that will move the products from the farms to the markets, that will process, package and distribute the products. For this to happen, public investment is needed in infrastructure, in roads, in rural areas, in physical markets, in skills, also, to ensure that the sanitary and phytosanitary standards are followed to ensure certain quality norms. And of course, all of these are important for the quality and the safety of the food. And all these different steps in the value chain often depend on multiple different policy areas that need to be coordinated for this value chain to develop. And that's perhaps a bit the technical side of things. In the reality, there are also [the] political and business interests that play a role in the planning and the implementation of these investments. So, it's a complex problem that requires coordination of policies, but also different actors with sometimes diverging business and political interests to work together to develop the whole value chain. And this is not just a problem from Nigeria, because for every country at every stage of development, the context, the technology, trade relations, the market, the preferences of consumers evolve, and it requires adapting the supply chains to these changes. So, in this case, and I can't, you know, talk too much about how well or not Nigerian policies are doing to support the development of these value chains. But yes, perhaps, we could say that a lot of attention has been given to supporting rice farmers, and also in investing in processing units. But it's probably not been enough to develop strong linkages between farmers, processors, and distributors, and in the end with urban markets, for various reasons.And also because of some limitations, a processor needs paddy of a certain quality at a certain time, fulfilling certain criteria to process it efficiently and to break even with its investment cost. A distributor, a trader, also has some constraints. If it's going to distribute local rice to sell it to supermarkets or to street markets, it needs to fulfill certain deals in certain quantities, which he might not be able to do if the linkages higher up in the supply chains are not solid enough. If he does not receive enough rice of a certain quality to fulfil his own contracts. If not, he might actually prefer to import and distribute rice produced in Asia that has a certain quality and for which also the shipments can come quickly and surely. So, we see also how the incentives of all these actors across the value chain play a role. And so, like other sectors, I think the government has a difficult task to do to develop these value chains, and also some choices to be made about to what extent to rely on imported rice versus domestically produced rice.Tobi; Okay, I'll get to my second dilemma in a bit. But to focus more on your last point is, how can countries better increase output? Should they focus more on these linkages in the value chain that you speak of? Because what we see in terms of policy responses is a lot of policy support goes into farming and land cultivation itself. And we have seen the limitations of that in terms of increasing output because, of course, it's a complex problem and there are other areas that are not fulfilling their promise in terms of linkages. On the other hand, policy support can be limited because of the balance of payment crisis that we know that some of these countries like Nigeria suffer. Public resources are not infinite. So, my question essentially is, if the government has to prioritize public support for agricultural development for domestic production, where is it better to focus a lot on resources, knowledge, and support?Fabien; Yes, Tobi. So, I start by saying that there is a consensus among experts and other actors that there's a potential for growth in the rice sector in West Africa, and perhaps even in Nigeria. And this growth can be attained in particular by raising yields and productivity in the production, processing, and distribution of rice. And raising yields is, of course, the key for many agricultural products. And it requires investment in the management of land, in inputs, improved seeds, in particular for rice; and mechanization, skills, and also in processes to reduce post-harvest losses beyond the farm. That's critical for the development of the sector. At the same time, policymakers should not lose sight of broader objectives. In the end, what matters is for farmers and rural populations to have better living conditions to have higher income and access to better public services in rural areas. It also matters to create jobs in and around agri-food value chains. These value chains can generate a lot of jobs in trading, logistics, in processing. And it also matters to ensure the food security of households. So with these broader objectives in mind - and the rice sector is only a small part of this agricultural and food system. It's important also to consider the opportunities for diversification away from staple food commodities, because as the middle class is emerging in Nigeria and other West African countries, as consumers, urban consumers especially gained purchasing power, as we tell also people to eat more fruits and vegetables for health reasons, new economic opportunities appear for farmers and agri-food value chain actors in sectors that are more profitable than rice, probably. So of course, I'm thinking about horticultural products, spices, livestock products, pulses which can provide proteins... and in these sectors, the returns on investment for [not only] farmers, but also for other actors in the value chain can be higher than for rice. So that is something... rice is important, you know, this is what we were saying at the beginning. But the problem of rice has to be seen in the broader context of the agricultural and food systems. And perhaps there is a role to play for trade, for imports, to balance the supply and the consumption in a country like Nigeria... letting farmers but also policymakers invest more resources in these other value chains that are more profitable for all these sectors.Tobi; Going further on that I want to ask you, especially relevant to this conversation, there is also the talk of industrial policy. A lot of domestic agricultural policies take place within the context of domestic industrial policies for countries. I know Nigeria has been on that path for the last six years. My question then would be, what role do exports play in food policy generally? Isn’t the better path to development through exports, and relying maybe slightly more on imports of staple food commodities, such as rice, rather than focus on growing domestically, I mean, rice, what are your thoughts?Fabien; Yes, I think perhaps, just to make sure that we understand each other and that also it's clear to our auditors, there is a rationale for ensuring that a certain part of a population's need for food is supplied by the country's farmers and domestic supply chains. We see also that in less favourable times, like during the food price crisis, the instability of international markets can disrupt domestic markets. But it's only one consideration among others. It also has to be based on the other opportunities for the domestic economy to grow and to lead to shared prosperity. And so, countries have to think also about the way they participate in the international economy, if not the regional economy. And they should not think, at least in our times, of that. So of course, exports are very important to create economic opportunities for domestic producers to generate foreign earnings because any country has to import certain goods that it cannot produce. And within the agricultural and food sectors, that's also the case. I think we see today that whether we are in Europe, in Africa, or any other part of the world, on a daily basis, we consume products produced somewhere else. And by that, I don't mean that this is the most efficient and sustainable way of securing our food security. But I think it's a reality to start with. And so, for Nigerian farmers and the broader Nigerian economy, it's important to be competitive in some sectors that produce exports and generates foreign earnings for tropical products that grow well in Nigeria, perhaps for specialty products, some fruits, and vegetables, cacao, perhaps coffee, medicinal plants, anything, you name it, I think it's important for Nigeria, also to export. And it is also the earnings from the exports that can allow the country to import the staple food commodities that it cannot produce so that policymakers can ensure stable markets and stable access to food for vulnerable households. So, I think, taking into account this reality, that we should think about policy choices, that doesn't mean that we should not change or, you know, actors should not think about the change.Again, there is perhaps a good economic rationale for increasing the production of rice and other staple foods, provided that it makes economic and social sense. And that it is, importantly, I think we haven't mentioned yet, in line with the boundaries of natural resources, with sustainability criteria. Because perhaps you might want to discuss this also, rice is a very demanding crop in terms of water, in terms of land, in terms of nutrients, it also generates greenhouse gases. So, we do also have to take these environmental aspects into consideration when promoting such a crop.Tobi; In the report, which you co-authored, which is kind of like the background to this conversation, generally. I'm going to put up a link - both the long and short version - in the show notes. You used Senegal as an example of how policy on food and in this case, rice, can evolve productively. So, I mean, for the sake of the audience, can you discuss briefly why Senegal stands out? What did it get right?Fabien; Yes, I think that Senegal stands out not only for its policies directed at the rice sector but also in other agricultural and food sectors. In recent years, the Senegalese government made efforts to better regulate agricultural and food markets, and also production. And it has done that, I think, in the context of efforts to modernize the economy while promoting inclusive development. So perhaps I think without going back to the origin of the story, I think, in Senegal, there was a certain potential to improve, to augment rice production and agricultural policies after 2008 promoted this increase in production. But quickly, policymakers were confronted with the fact that it was difficult for farmers to sell rice, to market their rice. And so given this now realized production potential, the government had to think about how to facilitate the access of this rice to the market. And of course, there was then the dilemma, I think, what to do in the situation where the imports are so important to fulfil the needs of the populations. And so, Senegal undertook a process that, for me, is very interesting by bringing together the rice importers and the actors of the domestic value chain to find a way to remedy the problem of difficult sales for locally produced rice. And these actors worked together to promote investments in the local rice value chain, which has produced some positive effects for the farmers and the local value chain actors. But that relied also on a choice, perhaps a difficult choice, to better control imports of rice to create a room in the market for the locally produced price. So currently, the government is trying to make the import licenses for rice based on the amount of locally produced rice that the wholesalers and the importers buy in a way to couple the imports with local purchases, and so, with investments in the domestic rice sector.This, of course, is a complex undertaking. It requires a rigorous approach to calculating the cost and benefits. And it's still uncertain to what extent this initiative will succeed. But we think based on our research that it is a very good experience to learn from and to exchange with other countries in the region that would like to develop the rice sector in a sustainable way, from an economic standpoint in particular. So it is also in the sense that, you know, our study concluded that countries in the ECOWAS area should collaborate more closely with each other to share experiences, to see what works, what doesn't work, for the development of the rice sector. And also, to coordinate their policies, because I come back to the beginning of our conversation, as our analysis showed [and] also as many people know, if one country adopts a certain import policy for rice and if the neighbouring countries have different policies, and the policy of the first one will affect the other ones, because of the transshipment of rice, both formal and informal, that takes place in the region. So, I wouldn't want, not only to emphasize the example of Senegal, but also the interdependencies between rice policies in the region.Tobi; That sort of leads into my next question, because, yeah, you talked about the importance of policy coordination and cooperation, especially in the region, West Africa, a lot in that report. And of course, we know that the African Continental Free Trade Agreement was recently ratified, we know that implementation is not going to be simple. It's a very complex, long process. So, my question is, I know your organization, the European Center for Development, Policy Management [ECDPM], engages a lot of players on policy, what are you guys doing to make sure that there is better policy coordination and cooperation in the area of food policy?Fabien; Yes, it's true, Tobi, that ECDPM is very active as a keen interest in regional economic integration processes, and more generally, regional and continental level cooperation. But I will just say before starting that our ambitions are limited. We are a center based in Europe. And our aim is, I think, primarily to understand economic development dynamics on the African continent, and to facilitate interactions and cooperation between different actors, between European partners, and African actors in particular.It is, you know, with this approach in mind that we've been working on specific sectors that I think are meaningful from a development point of view, I think it's still the case of the rice sector. But of course, rice, like other commodities are traded in a regional context, we could say that there's probably also some rice being traded across borders, beyond the boundaries of ECOWAS. I think there is some trade with Cameroon and with Chad and other countries. So that's also why ultimately, it's also a question that's relevant to the process of the African Continental Free Trade Agreements. But I think also the realities of rice trade, as an example, shows the complexity of economic integration, of designing and implementing common trade policies, and of moving towards better integration of economies in a way that is beneficial for different actors in the value chain. So, I think, already, starting at the level of ECOWAS, it's a relatively old regional organization, which has attained a certain level of maturity. And so, it has a number of sectoral policies that are now relatively well defined, although there's still much to be done in terms of implementation. But I think that's... it's a long-term process, as you said.And I think we should say that the ECOWAS commission is currently leading an initiative to promote production in the trade of rice in the region in a sustainable way. It's actually one of the flagship initiatives of the ECOWAS in the area of agriculture and food security. And so, there are a number of aspects in the rice sector that have to be addressed at the regional level, as we said, there is the transshipment of rice across the region. And in some cases, it leads to reactions, like bans on land imports, which is going to have repercussions for other sectors, including those who don't have much to do with rice. And of course, this can impede the process of regional and continental economic integration. At the same time, rice is a good example...again, there are trade relations within the region that play a role in the development of the domestic rice sector. Locally produced rice is traded within the region. For instance, between Burkina Faso and Mali.Malian consumers appreciate the organoleptic qualities, I mean, the taste of rice grown and parboiled in Burkina Faso, largely by small-scale women enterprises. And despite the fact that Mali is almost self-sufficient for rice, it still imports from Burkina Faso. And this is not just a curiosity, but it's also an opportunity for the development of regional agri-food value chains that can create jobs, generate more income for farmers and ensure food security. And of course, that's also a challenge at the continental level. So these processes at the regional level are one part of the puzzle, but they can play a big role in formulating better trade policies, but also in supporting the work at the national level, as in Senegal, with better regulatory frameworks for the agri-food sectors, and also to share experiences and to coordinate with perhaps the ultimate objective being to go towards like a regional market with some common policies, common norms, that can ensure the good functioning of cross border value chains. So, yes, that's something that we are paying close attention to in partnership with West African think tanks in particular. And I should say that this work of ours that you have mentioned has been done in partnership with IPAR, a think tank based in Senegal and specializing in rural development and food security.Tobi; So, given the situation that countries face today and also particularly in the region as you have said, I know we may not quite be in the same situation as the 2008 crisis, but there are familiar currents of the same problem. My question is you work on policy a lot, so what are some of the automatic policy responses or stabilizers that countries can adopt in the interim that does not make the situation worse, both for consumers and producers, and other stakeholders involved in the food value chain? What policy heuristics or intuitions can policymakers rely on? What tool is available to them to use in a time like this? Fabien; You're right, Tobi, that the COVID crisis has generated a number of disruptions that we should learn from to develop more resilience, agri-food systems in particular, and we've seen in a number of countries disruptions in agricultural and food supply chains, which also meant losses of jobs, livelihoods for certain people. And this also then can really push people back in terms of wellbeing and development. So, the problem of risk management at different levels is probably even more acute after this crisis. But it's good also to see that progress is being made. And again, if I just keep talking about the agricultural and food sector, at the ECOWAS level, there is an interesting initiative to put in place regional food reserves to deal with instability in the agri-food system at the regional level, and especially also to address emergency needs for food assistance for vulnerable populations. So, this regional reserve initiative, which is being piloted by the ECOWAS Commission, was developed as part of the ECOWAS agricultural policy. And it has two components, the physical reserve of staple food commodities that can be quickly mobilized to address the need of vulnerable populations. And there's also a financial reserve to procure food products quickly, either in the regional market or elsewhere on the continent, or even in international markets.To address supply disruptions, this is an important tool that is being developed and that should probably be encouraged in the following years. But that's only one part of the policy instruments to deal with instabilities, with shock. I think what we see in a number of African countries but even well beyond in the global south and also in more advanced countries is the importance of social protection and public services to deal with difficult times, including in the health sector. So why not a specialist of social protection, I think that there's an important role to play for food assistance, but also cash transfers and other forms of social insurance to ensure that vulnerable populations are not left on their own in very difficult situations - when a crisis hits when it disrupts economic activities when people get sick and can't go to work. And of course, one of the basic needs is food. So social protection and food policy should work hand in hand to protect livelihoods and well-being. There are a number of other instruments to deal with risk, to manage risk, I think. We've seen also that part of the problem that you have presented at the beginning is also related to the cost of fertilizer, which has gone up in [the] international market and of course, makes it more difficult for farmers, including in West Africa, to boost production. What I would say just to conclude is that going back to our example of rice, in the end, it's not so much about attaining self-sufficiency, but it's about managing the vulnerabilities that are due to these interdependencies. Whether it's because of the importation of rice, but also the reliance on exports of extractive commodities, as well as movement of populations and with them of Coronaviruses that can destabilize an economy and, of course, health systems.Tobi; You sort of...and I don't know, that has been happening a lot over the course of this conversation, your answer preempted my next question, which is like my final question. So, it is like a big picture question. What is or are the differences between food security and food self-sufficiency? Because this is a debate that has been going on for a while. And the two get mixed up quite a lot. So, you are an agricultural economist, you're an economist... some Agric economists have argued that the policies that countries that have a little more access to ports or the coast, that the policies that they adopt around agriculture should be a little bit different from countries that are landlocked... so many issues and it can be quite confusing. So, I want to hear from you, what is the difference? What are the nuances between food security within the context of a national economy and self-sufficiency?Fabien; Yes, I think it's a difficult question because there are really different views about how things work behind these two notions. But I think we have to go back to what they mean in the first place. I think food security is first in outcome about how well people access food of good quality, in conditions that will ensure good nutrition for children, for women, and for men, and certain stability. So, it's a desirable outcome that depends on a multitude of factors. Now, if we look at self-sufficiency, it's probably seen by policymakers and others as an important means to attain food security. But perhaps it is sometimes confused with an end in itself. And the policy objectives, perhaps, lose sight of the bigger picture and aim to pursue self-sufficiency, even though it's not the best policy that will lead to desirable outcomes.For rice also, you know, we can question, and if we go back to the beginning of our discussion, to what extent it is a good use of public resources to put so much of them into rice production. And if this rice production is not well channeled to the markets or is risky, because of the agro-climatic conditions in some countries, it can actually be a factor of risk, you know, if we cannot rely on the international market as a result.So, we should not confuse means and ends. But I will say that the question is actually more complicated than that because agriculture and the food sector play an important role in economic and rural development. Policymakers also look at these objectives, ensuring that out of agricultural production, rural households can generate some income can lift themselves out of poverty, and then perhaps some of them will move to urban areas, etc. And agriculture is also a sector that plays an important role in the management of natural resources. In taking care of sparsely populated areas, generating economic activities in relation to non-agricultural activities that maintain life and cohesion in rural territories. So, I think we also have to look at this role, and perhaps behind this objective of self-sufficiency, even though perhaps not everything is well thought through, there's also this intent. Now, I think there's perhaps another motivation that we should mention is that agricultural policies aiming at self-sufficiency is also a way for policymakers to gain the support of rural populations - by way of providing subsidies, resources that will improve their popularity for the next election. I think we can say that because it is, you know, it's part of the political game. And it is seen everywhere, I think, not just in developing countries, but also in advanced economies. So, but in the end, I think what's important, especially with all this matter of rice, is to look at the broader agricultural and food systems.And rice self-sufficiency at the national level, you know, if you want my own opinion, based also on my work, it's probably something to be careful with. It might not be the right policy for every country. But I will emphasize the opportunities in the sense that there are other sectors where it's important to invest, you know, where the potential for generating income and job is more important. At the same time, ensuring a good supply of locally produced rice, which can be of better quality than the imported rice, it's important, but it can be done in cooperation with other countries with a greater role for intraregional or even intra African trade. At an even higher level, I think it's important while promoting the production of African rice, where it makes economic sense, you know... it's important also to secure access to the international market. Because we don't know what can happen, especially in the context of climate change, a drought, a shortage of water can decimate the rice production in a certain year, in a certain country. And that country in these circumstances will probably have to rely on the international market to secure the food needs of its population. So, I think we have to keep in mind the multiple factors that contribute to the desired outcome of food security, and also rural development and find the right balance between the different policy objectives. And that's where I think the importance of regional cooperation, but even more so of, you know, inclusive policy dialogue that takes into account different perspectives is critical to achieving this right balance or, at least, a good enough balance between different policy objectives.Tobi; Thank you so much for clarifying that. Bonus question, if I may. We have a bit of a tradition on the show. We call it the one idea. So, what is the one idea that...it may be from your work, it may be from another field which you admire, what's the one idea that excites you so much, you want everybody to know about it, you'd like to see it spread, you'd like to see more people think about it. What is that one idea?Fabien; It's a difficult question Tobi, but I think I like this question. I think if I look forward, I think the role of young farmers and entrepreneurs is very important to solve the questions that we are discussing now. Because these entrepreneurs, farmers, you know, represent the future of agriculture. And I think I very much like how you aim also to target them through this podcast, amongst others. And I think thatI have exciting news to share: You can now read Ideas Untrapped in the new Substack app for iPhone.With the app, you’ll have a dedicated Inbox for my Substack and any others you subscribe to. New posts will never get lost in your email filters, or stuck in spam. Longer posts will never cut-off by your email app. Comments and rich media will all work seamlessly. Overall, it’s a big upgrade to the reading experience.The Substack app is currently available for iOS. If you don’t have an Apple device, you can join the Android waitlist here. you know, we, in general, you know, as policymakers, policy commentators, development partners, have to invest more in the potential of these young people to develop new ideas, new technologies, also new trade linkages to exploit the potential of these agri-food systems.Tobi; Thank you. Thank you so much. My guest today has been Fabien Tondel, the policy officer at the European Centre for Development and Policy Management. It's been an absolute pleasure speaking with you.Fabien; Thank you, Tobi. It was my pleasure as well. This is a public episode. Get access to private episodes at www.ideasuntrapped.com/subscribe

Both China and the European Union have identified renewable energy as a key part of their engagement strategies with Africa. At FOCAC last year, the Chinese vowed to increase investment in solar, hydro, and other green technologies while the EU made sustainability a centerpiece of its new Global Gateway development initiative.With both sides pursuing similar objectives, it's not surprising renewable energy is now being seen as yet another front in the larger great power rivalry dynamic with African countries stuck in the middle.But a trio of authors at the European Center for Development Policy Management (ECDPM), a Brussels-based think tank, argues in a new report that it would be a huge mistake for EU leaders to frame green energy transition initiatives in Africa in competition with China. One of the authors of that report, Alfsono Medinilla, ECDPM's Head of Climate and Green Transition, joins Eric & Cobus to explain why.JOIN THE DISCUSSION:CAP on Facebook: www.facebook.com/ChinaAfricaProjectTwitter: @ChinaAfrProject | @stadenesque | @amedinil | @ecdpmJOIN US ON PATREON!Become a CAP Patreon member and get all sorts of cool stuff including our Week in Review report, invitation to join monthly Zoom calls with Eric & Cobus, and even an awesome new CAP Podcast mug!www.patreon.com/chinaafricaprojectSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

"One of the real benefits from being away from music is that you really appreciate it more. I understand what it's like to live without that opportunity to make music. Now I'm immersed in what I always wanted to do."Coreen Duffy is director of choral activities at the University of Montana School of Music, where she conducts Chamber Chorale and University Choir, teaches conducting, choral methods, and supervises student teachers. Under her direction, the UM Chamber Chorale has earned invitations to perform at the NW American Choral Directors Association (ACDA) Conference in 2022, as well as from Vox Anima to perform at Cadogan Hall and Southwark Cathedral in London (2022), and the Montana International Choral Festival (2019, 2022). Duffy is an active clinician and composer; her works are published by Walton Music, ECS, and Pavane Publishing. A specialist in Jewish choral music, Duffy has presented sessions at national conferences for the American Choral Directors Association (ACDA) and at the international conference of the European Center for Jewish Music in Hannover, Germany. Duffy serves several national choral organizations, including as Co-Chair for World Musics and Cultures for Northwest ACDA, as well as Northwest Division Representative on the NAfME Council for Choral Education, and on the Editorial Board for The Choral Scholar, a publication by the National Collegiate Choral Organization. In Missoula, Duffy is the Artistic Director of the Missoula Community Chorus, and serves on the board and the Artistic Committee for the Montana International Choral Festival.Email choirfampodcast@gmail.com to get in contact with our hosts.You can email Coreen at coreen.duffy@umontana.edu or find her on Facebook or on Instagram: @coreenduffy .Podcast music from Podcast.coPhoto in episode artwork by Trace Hudson from Pexels

Center for Constitutional Rights Advocacy Program Manager Aliya Hussain, Senior Managing Attorney Shayana Kadidal, and Senior Attorney Wells Dixon answer questions about the state of Guantánamo after 20 years operating as an offshore prison for Muslim men and boys in the so-called war on terror. We marked the 20th anniversary with a virtual rally, op-eds, media interviews, and an event that we organized, Guantánamo, Off the Record: 20 Years in the Fight. For that event, we collected questions to find out what people really wanted to know. In this episode, the three delve into  those topics, from indefinite detention and torture to the ultimate question about Guantánamo: What will it take to finally shut it down?Resources:Guantánamo, Off the Record: 20 Years in the Fight, Video of FB live here.Rupture and Reckoning: Guantánamo Turns 20: Several Center for Constitutional Rights staff members contributed essays, two of our clients, Djamel Ameziane and Ghaleb Al Bihani, contributed art, and our client Majid Khan contributed poetry to this European Center for Constitutional and Human Rights anthology. Twenty Years Later, Guantánamo Is Everywhere, an essay in The Boston Review by Legal Director Baher AzmyCutting Edge Issues in Year 20 of the Guantánamo Habeas Litigation, an analysis in Just Security by Shayana KadidalGuantánamo Isn't Ancient History. It Has Become a “Forever Prison,”  an oped by Wells Dixon in TruthoutThe Center for Constitutional Rights Guantánamo issue page, which has links to cases, profiles, articles, videos, fact sheets, and more.

Corporations sometimes facilitate crimes across national borders, yet even in instances where this takes place knowingly, accountability can be hard to come by. This panel discussion from our 2021 Symposium, Corporate Liability for International and Transnational Crimes, offers an excellent in-depth look at how human rights litigators are navigating the landscape. Discussion includes innovative ways to approach these cases, focus on the clients, holistic assessments of what's needed, and insights into specific cases panelists have worked on. Moderation by Catherine Sweetser, Deputy Director of the Promise Institute for Human RightsAgnieszka Fryszman, Cohen MilsteinMiriam Saage-Maaß, European Center for Constitutional and Human Rights (ECCHR)Monalisa, International Human Rights LawyerMarissa Vahlsing, EarthRights International

In this episode, I had the great pleasure of having Lars Seier Christensen & Beni Issembert join as my guest speakers. Lars Seier Christensen: Lars is a Danish businessman, entrepreneur, and investor, originally from Denmark but has been living in Switzerland since 2010. He's married and has five daughters with his wife, Yvonne. Lars's interests and activities outside of business are extremely varied and include philosophy, politics, fine wine, art, sports, and charity; he's a member of The Mont Pelerin Society and supports various classic liberal and libertarian organizations and causes; and he's an avid commentator on political, society and business affairs and hosts his own primetime TV show “The Road To Seier” (“Vejen Til Seier”) on start-ups and investment. Lars professional background is quite versatile - he is an experienced restauranteur; he was the co-founder of what was to become Saxo Bank and served 20 years as its CEO; today he focuses on investments through his private family office, Seier Capital - 100% owned by him, and does not manage capital for other investors. He also serves as the Chairman Of The Board at Concordium. Lars also has a super interesting book that just came ut before xmas Seier - a road trip. Beni Issembert: Beni is an entrepreneur-oriented team member with 15 years of experience in offline and online storytelling and marketing, with a strong academic background. He's a true believer in the Crypto world and in the Blockchain technology and is an artisan in this industry since 2015. He describes himself as cypherpunk by essence, pragmatic by reason. Self-taught coder, coding mainly in Rust, Python, and Erlang. Beni Co-founded in 2005 the former Politech Institute, a European Center of excellence and innovation and a ‘Do-Tank' dedicated to promoting novel concepts and innovation empowering the different stakeholders in a ‘citizen-driven' digital world. He is also a prolific writer and published two books: Fayce, le JE de la paix (Ram Editions) with a preface from shimon peres the late prime minister and president, and Voyage en Orient (European Academic Press) in 2011. A third book is in progress and will link between philosophy and crypto evolution. The name of the book is Cryptosophia. In the past he wrote for Le Devoir, Affaires de gars, Cremoc, and many more other publications. He is married to Olivia and is the happiest Dad on earth and a proud friend of Lula and Ziggy.

Earlier this year I visited the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, a European organization that produces global weather forecasts and performs research on how to improve those. The episode has three parts. First, Hilda Carr gives us an overview of the organization, its purpose and its history. Then I talk with Peter Bauer about weather and climate modeling and about encoding these models efficiently in software programs that run on supercomputers. Part three is a conversation with Tony McNally about where the ECMWF gets its data and how it is continuously fed into the "running" model.