Podcasts about Townsend

Caller Questions & Discussion: Dr. Jill discusses parental PTSD and how a hijacked nervous system can lead to catastrophizing, overgeneralizing, and rumination. If you struggle with parental PTSD, ask yourself: When did I first feel this way before becoming a parent? I sold my home and invested in building a new home with my fiancé, but he didn't contribute financially, and the home was destroyed by a hurricane. Now he's unsure about marriage and wants a prenup. What should I do? I've been married for 43 years. My husband is emotionally avoidant, and two years ago he told me he didn't love me anymore. He's in counseling now, but we haven't been intimate for 30 years. I feel stuck and afraid. Is there hope for our marriage? On Mother's Day, my husband told me he wants a divorce. We have children with special needs and haven't been intimate for 16 years, but I don't want our marriage to end. He's even started improving his appearance. Am I wrong to hold onto hope? When should I expect a call from my boss after being laid off last week? He's also my friend, and I helped him get the job. Should I reach out?

Caller Questions & Discussion: Marc shares how to respond when you feel frustrated. Instead of just expressing frustration, identify what you’re really feeling. Discover the emotional need beneath your frustration and what you need to resolve it. My sister and I are in our 80s and 90s. I’m in counseling, but where do I start to begin healing the broken relationship with my sister? Her ex-husband is dying. I was recently diagnosed with autism at 79 years old. Could autism be contributing to the emotional and psychological challenges I've been working through in counseling? I’ve been committed to personal growth for many years, including participating in Al-Anon. How do I stop procrastinating about cleaning out a room and closet that desperately need attention? I'm in a relationship with someone who has an avoidant attachment style. The pulling away has been extreme; after being apart, he's now returned because of nostalgia. Is there any hope? He refuses counseling.

Caller Questions & Discussion: Becky discusses an article circulating online that asks: Are therapists to blame for family estrangement? About one-third of families believe a therapist influenced the decision. However, most therapists do not encourage family estrangement. Our 24-year-old son is home from college and thinks he can do whatever he wants. We're trying to set healthy boundaries, but he's abusing Adderall and dropped out of college even though he only had two classes left to earn his degree. My 36-year-old daughter is taking medication for depression and was advised by her clinic to distance herself from me. Now she won't let me see my grandchildren, and I just want to spend time with them and have coffee together. Her father was an alcoholic. Besides praying, what can I do to rebuild our relationship? How do I handle my 20-year-old daughter making allegations that her stepfather behaved in sexually inappropriate ways toward her when she was younger? I'm in a Christian courtship. I'm non-denominational, and he's a Pentecostal pastor. I thought it would work because we're both Christians, but after two years, I'm struggling with all of the rules and expectations.

Caller Questions & Discussion: Dr. Jim shares that while speaking last week, he reflected on the Los Angeles fires last year. His brother lost his home. In difficult times, he reminds us that one of the best ways to persevere is to deepen our spiritual roots and stay grounded in faith. My daughter found her 14-year-old son's journal and discovered he wants to change his gender. What can she do? Is my husband right to forbid me from visiting my children or having them come “home” to visit? My husband doesn't want me to have anything to do with my four adult children and grandchildren from a previous marriage. My husband and I would love to have a relationship with our 10 grandchildren, but it seems like they don't want anything to do with us. How do we deal with this? My 10-year-old granddaughter says she likes girls and believes she's therian, meaning she identifies as an animal. She wears ears, a tail, and crawls on the ground. How do I help her?

The Yellow-rumped Warbler is an abundant, versatile warbler found throughout Canada and the western United States during the summer. They are easily identified by the bright yellow patch on their rump just above their tail. The males sing a slow, soft warble or trill in two phrases, which is usually faster in the second part. This species was once considered to be three separate species, and Kananaskis Country is right in the midst of the hybrid zone of two of them: the Myrtle Warbler, and the Audubon's Warbler. For this species in focus episode I'll be sharing my recordings of the Yellow-rumped Warbler at Little Elbow PRA, Prairie View, Allen Bill Park, and Long Lake Provincial Park (not in Kananakis, but in Alberta). Credits Songbirding: Kananaskis Country is a Songbirding Studios production. Recorded, engineered, narrated and created by Rob Porter. The Songbirding cover art (Townsend's Warbler) is by Lauren Helton: https://tinylongwing.carbonmade.com/projects/5344062 Creative Commons music is from Bluedot Sessions. Learn how to support the show at https://songbirding.com/support

Caller Questions & Discussion: Dr. Alice shares a recent moment when she felt disrespected by one of her children. Instead of reacting, she used the Comfort Circle to create space for connection and understanding. If you're struggling with a child who's disobeying you, use gentle curiosity. I was walking with my friend and noticed she seemed very paranoid. She is involved in ministry, has a son, and believes she is experiencing spiritual warfare, but she won't seek professional help. How can I support her? Why do I still feel so alone, depressed, and sad? I've had counseling in the past for traumatic events like my husband dying unexpectedly 13 years ago, becoming a single mom, and taking care of my mom before she passed away three months ago. My boss often doesn't complete tasks and leaves responsibilities for the rest of us to handle. I feel overwhelmed and upset; what should I do about it?

Note: unlike most of my episodes this one will have some very loud weather. I know there are quite a few listeners who use Songbirding to relax and fall asleep, and I just wanted to give you a heads up that if you're one of them, you may want to skip this one as it ends quite loudly, or, if you happen to find thunder sounds relaxing, set a sleep timer of 20 minutes. When I first arrived in Kanaskis Country to begin to record Songbirding, I started at Jumpingpound Demonstration Forest, one of the eastmost hiking areas of Kananaskis. It was noon, and I hadn't looked at any forecasts, and also had no idea what to expect in terms of bird activity. Noon isn't the best time for birdsong recording, especially as late as it was in the season. And while what I recorded wasn't very many bird sounds, I encountered a very different experience with nature sounds that I will always remember. Credits Songbirding: Kananaskis Country is a Songbirding Studios production. Recorded, engineered, narrated and created by Rob Porter. The Songbirding cover art (Townsend's Warbler) is by Lauren Helton: https://tinylongwing.carbonmade.com/projects/5344062 Creative Commons music is from Bluedot Sessions. Learn how to support the show at https://songbirding.com/support

Caller Questions & Discussion: Dr. Alice shares that she came from a family that did not meet her emotional needs. So with her spouse and children, she tells them that she needs to hear them say they love her. Whenever the people I'm in a relationship with did three things I didn't like, I'd ghost them. So it was three strikes, and they were out. But God spoke to me about how I'd feel if I was on the receiving end. I bought a home, but my neighbors are using Ouija boards and are hostile. If it happens again, I'll probably commit suicide. Why don't you open up in a word of prayer for each show? If I'm talking to someone, I'm going to pray to set the tone for the conversation. Do frequent visits to the cemetery prolong grief? How can I stop drinking? My husband died after 40 years of marriage. He was my compass, and I'm so lost. I feel like I need a personal assistant. Although my husband is still with me, over the past 26 years of his illness, I feel like I will never accept losing my love when the time does come. I feel stuck.

Sometimes, life is a series of one overwhelming task after the other. As they say, "the hits keep coming." So, what are we supposed to do with all that trouble? When we can't comprehend everything all at once, what are we supposed to be doing? Got a question you want answered or a topic you'd like to hear Townsend andPreacher Man muse on? Let them know at mtpm.podcast@gmail.com !Intro music: "Royalty Free Music from Bensound" 

It's almost two years later and I'm back again at this mountain forest, but this time in the evening. Earlier in the bird breeding season, many species will make a special effort to be heard before the sun sets, to make one last proclamation of territory before everything goes dark. Credits Songbirding: Kananaskis Country is a Songbirding Studios production. Recorded, engineered, narrated and created by Rob Porter. The Songbirding cover art (Townsend's Warbler) is by Lauren Helton: https://tinylongwing.carbonmade.com/projects/5344062 Creative Commons music is from Bluedot Sessions. Learn how to support the show at https://songbirding.com/support

HOW TO HAVE ETERNAL LIFE : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vX6NdGnm_vA @CTTownsendMinistries SUBSCRIBE https://www.youtube.com/c/biblelineLIKE https://www.facebook.com/biblelineminCOMMENT ask us a question!SHARE with all your friends and familyHave a Bible question? The questions@biblelineministries.org email address is not longer in use, but you can:- Explore Pastor Jesse's full teaching library: https://www.youtube.com/@BibleLine/playlists- Watch a clear gospel presentation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vX6NdGnm_vA- Ask your question live on air during our YouTube call-in show:https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLElaVGv3oAZ6Y9q4uV9TOX5PMEYimFXqgSupport Bibleline - https://www.calvaryoftampa.org/donate/Bibleline is a ministry of Calvary Community Church in Tampa, Florida and is hosted by Pastor Jesse Martinez.LIKE THIS? CHECK THESE GUYS OUT:@Northlandchurchstc@YankeeArnoldMinistries@focusevangelisticministriesinc@TheKeesBoerMinistryChannel@FishersWithFaithMinistries@QuentinRoad@NorthsideChurchAthens@C4CApologetics@OnoDiamante#bibleline #salvation #hebrews12 #chastening #holyghost #gospel #saved #assurance #truth #biblelinereacts #reaction #react #cttownsend #victorybaptistchurch

Caller Questions & Discussion: Dr. Jill shares about a recent baby shower, where guests were asked to give advice to the mom-to-be. Children learn from their primary caregivers. As parents remain calm and create a safe environment, children learn how to self-regulate. I heard the story that when I was just 18 months old, when my sibling was born, I was sent to live with my grandparents for a few weeks. Is this something I should be concerned about if I have no memory of it? I've been married to a man who has had 15 affairs or more. I'm in my 70s. He still flirts with women and gaslights me. We never resolved our issues, and I'm the one who gets blamed. What does it mean when he says, “I don't know you anymore?” My friend has been involved with women of the night, and I'm worried about it leading to sin. How can I help him? He's living two different lives and even ordered a sex doll.

As global security deteriorates, a major new UNSW Canberra survey reveals a startling paradox in the Australian psyche: unwavering trust in the Australian Defence Force, coupled with a deep misunderstanding of its operations, widespread apathy towards increased funding, and a shocking drop in support for traditional alliances. Australia's relationship with the ADF is reaching a strange inflection point. Joining Steve Kuper on Contested Ground, UNSW Canberra's Dr Richard Dunley and Dr Nicole Townsend reveal how the latest public sentiment data exposes a dangerous disconnect between Canberra's strategic reality and the public's expectations. At first glance, the report offers a comforting narrative for Defence leadership. Public trust in the ADF remains impressively high, holding steady from 2025. Nearly 70 per cent of Australians trust the ADF as an institution, and over 65 per cent trust it to act ethically. However, as Dunley and Townsend reveal, this trust is built on a foundation of profound public ignorance. Despite escalating global tensions, most respondents admitted they are uninformed about current ADF operations. This highlights a persistent and widening gap between the ADF's complex, widespread operational commitments and the Australian public's understanding of what their military actually does. This lack of understanding is having tangible impacts on public policy appetite. The survey found that despite Australians reporting a deteriorating perception of global security, support for additional Defence funding has flatlined, remaining steady at roughly one-third of the population. More concerningly, the researchers noted a small but significant growth in the number of respondents actively favouring cuts to the Defence budget. "Australians are feeling less secure, yet they aren't willing to pay more for security," Kuper says, driving to the heart of the paradox. The public seems most comfortable viewing the ADF through the lens of a highly capable emergency management agency. There is overwhelming support – over 82 per cent – for the ADF's involvement in domestic disaster relief, and strong backing (68.4 per cent) for regional humanitarian assistance. Yet, when it comes to hard power and traditional strategic posture, the survey reveals a dramatic shift. In a major departure from the 2025 data, support for the ADF operating closely with traditional allies – particularly the United States – has plummeted by nearly 20 per cent. While a slim majority (54.4 per cent) still support these alliances, outright opposition has spiked dramatically. Conversely, the public shows a naive optimism towards regional security treaties. Australians broadly believe the recent mutual defence treaty with Papua New Guinea will enhance security, even though only 37 per cent of respondents actually knew the treaty existed. A similar trend of "sentiment over substance" emerged regarding veterans. While the public strongly supports government initiatives for veterans, there is a distinct lack of awareness regarding actual veteran issues or policies. Join Kuper, Dunley, and Townsend on Contested Ground as they dissect these findings and ask the critical question: Can the ADF rely on public trust if that trust is blind? Enjoy the podcast, The Contested Ground team

Caller Questions & Discussion: Dr. Alice asks an important question: What is your default response when you become emotionally dysregulated? While everyone experiences emotional dysregulation, many of us fall into unhealthy coping patterns. Learning to recognize and understand your reactions is the first step toward emotional healing and healthier relationships. What does it mean to be independent in a relationship? When I notice flaws in someone, I completely reject them. I've read a lot about codependency, and my parents were physically and emotionally abusive. I turned down 10 job opportunities in other countries so I could spend more time with my girlfriend.  Now I feel unworthy because she has a successful business, and I don’t have a job.  After two years, she's upset that I haven't proposed. How can I overcome this terrible feeling of unworthiness? My daughter and her husband aren't united in helping my 4-year-old grandson resolve conflict. Instead, my grandson shuts down and holds the entire family hostage while my daughter and son-in-law continue to argue.

Ömer Gemalmaz liderler serisinin yeni videosunda modern Çin'in kurucusu komünist lider Mao Zedong'un hayatını anlattı. Mao'nun çocukluk ve gençlik yılları nasıldı? Mao öncesi Çin'in durumu neydi? Çin iç savaşı neden çıktı? Mao komünist devrimi nasıl gerçekleştirdi? Mao'nun reformları nelerdi? Büyük ileri atılım neden başarısız oldu? Çin kültür devrimi nedir? Mao öldükten sonra Çin hangi yöne savruldu? Sorularının ve daha fazlasının cevapları bu videoda. Kaynakça:Townsend, J. R. (1977). Chinese populism and the legacy of Mao Tse-Tung. Asian Survey, 17(11), 1003-1015.Zuo, J. (1991). Political religion: The case of the cultural revolution in China. Sociological Analysis, 52(1), 99-110.Li, X. (2001). The Chinese cultural revolution revisited. China Review, 137-165.Wei, C. G. (2011). Mao's Legacy Revisited: Its Lasting Impact on China and Post‐Mao Era Reform. Asian Politics & Policy, 3(1), 3-27.Dittmer, L. (1980). The Legacy of Mao Zedong. Asian Survey, 20(5), 552-573.Pantsov, Alexander V.; Levine, Steven I. (2012). Mao: The Real Story. New York: Simon & SchusterLi, Zhisui (1994). The Private Life of Chairman Mao: The Memoirs of Mao's Personal Physician. London: Random House

Caller Questions & Discussion: JJ shares the story of hockey player Claude Lemieux, who recently died by suicide after struggling with sex addiction. JJ then reflects on the story of the woman caught in adultery in the Bible (John 8), reminding us that we're all sinners, and Jesus did not condemn her. My husband has been divorced from his ex-wife for 28 years. She recently texted him and said she is working through Step 9 and wants to make amends. She would like to have a Zoom call with us. How should I respond? How should I prepare? I can't relax. When I don't hear from my 26-year-old son, who struggles with alcohol addiction, I go into panic mode. He has been sober for five months now.” I was molested when I was 9 and struggled with addictions. It was on an emergency room bed that I surrendered to God. Now I've been married almost 37 years. The work you all do is amazing! God is always there with open arms. I called last week to ask whether my daughter should be undressing in front of her 8-year-old son. My daughter listened to your program, and she's going to follow your advice! How can I work from, and not for, my identity in Christ when I work in sales? I'm constantly being judged by my performance.

  Episode: 140 RAISING PPA assessment and treatment from the Ground Up: In Conversation with Jeanne Gallée     In this episode you will discover: · Assessment and Intervention Aren't Separate — Conversation itself can double as both. By listening closely and responding to what a client offers, in a "more art than science" way, clinicians gather meaningful data and provide support at the same time, rather than treating these as two distinct phases of care. · Rigid Testing Can Erase the Person Behind the Diagnosis — Traditional standardized assessments often serve the goals of an institution or research protocol more than the person being assessed. Frameworks like RAISE and the PACT scale shift the focus toward strengths, natural conversation, and what someone can still do, rather than repeatedly measuring decline. · PPA Needs Its Own Identity and Training Path — Because primary progressive aphasia sits uneasily between post-stroke aphasia care and traditional dementia care, clinicians often receive little formal training in it. A global survey found major gaps in education and confidence, underscoring the need for dedicated resources, like Dr. Gallée's PPA roadmap, built specifically for this population. Do you ever wish you could step back in time and undo the missteps and errors of the past? What if you had the opportunity to build something from the ground up? Certainly, knowing what you know now, you could begin in a better place. But of course, there's always pitfalls with new beginnings, even with the knowledge of lessons from the past. You could, however, make a positive impact on that new beginning. Welcome to the Aphasia Access Conversations podcast. I'm Jerry Hoepner, a professor from the University of Wisconsin Eau Claire, and co-facilitator of the Chippewa Valley Aphasia Camp, Blue Gold Brain Injury Group, Mayo Brain Injury Group, Young Persons Brain Injury Group, Brain In-Cog, and Thursday Night Poets. I'm also a member of the Aphasia Access Podcast Working Group. Aphasia Access strives to provide members with information, inspiration, and ideas about their aphasia care through a variety of educational resources. I'm privileged to introduce today's guest, Dr. Jeanne Gallée, who is a clinical scientist in the Department of Medicine at the University of Washington. Dr. Gallée is a licensed speech language pathologist practicing in the greater Washington state area. She completed her Bachelor of Arts in Cognitive and Linguistic Sciences at Wellesley College in 2016 and Doctor of Philosophy at Harvard University in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology in 2021. She has been recognized as a Distinguished Early Career Professional by ASHA and a Distinguished Scholar by the Tavistock Trust for Aphasia. Her work is dedicated to improving assessment practices and functional outcomes for individuals living with aphasia and neurodegenerative conditions. Jerry Hoepner: Jeanne, it's really nice to see you again today, and to have this opportunity to have a conversation with you as a recent recipient of the Tavistock Scholar Program, and to talk about your work with individuals with primary progressive aphasia. So, thanks for being "on" today for the conversation. Jeanne Gallée: Thank you so much for having me, Jerry. I'm really honored to be here. Jerry Hoepner: Likewise, I'm really excited for this conversation, and as I just alluded to, I wanted to congratulate you on being awarded the first Tavistock Scholar with an emphasis doing work in primary progressive aphasia, and I thought maybe I could get your thoughts on being selected as a Tavistock Scholar. Jeanne Gallée: Thank you. It feels honestly incredibly remarkable in the sense that I think it represents a shift in how we're thinking about the separate diagnoses of progressive aphasia versus an aphasia that's due to an acute injury. And I'm really honored to be a part of that. I think there have been many discussions growing over the years, and I think we're seeing that shift in how we do think about addressing assessment and intervention and general care for people across the aphasia continuum. Jerry Hoepner: Agreed, I think there's been so much growth in the last five years in that area. I can remember at the outset of the pandemic, having discussions about "What do we do with people with primary progressive aphasia who were a part of our aphasia group? Should they be a part of our aphasia group? How do we pivot to that in an online context?" and it feels like we've come so far in our conversation about where primary progressive aphasia fits in in all of those different contexts. Jeanne Gallée: Right, I entirely agree, and I think the journey of my own work has already evolved in so many ways that I couldn't have imagined, like you say, five years ago I completed my doctoral work March 2021 and just seeing the phenomenal amounts of change that have really taken place since then has been incredible, and I feel very lucky to be part of that momentum right now. Jerry Hoepner: Absolutely, it's exciting to see these things move forward. And one of the differences that I see is primary progressive aphasia started out within the Life Participation Approach, just soundly from day one, as opposed to a lot of aphasia care, which has kind of evolved from this medical model, and how refreshing it is to see something built from the ground up. Done right, so to speak. I don't know if you have thoughts on that piece… Jeanne Gallée: No, I do. I think that's a really interesting point. I think I might be part of the camp that at times feels like progressive conditions get a little bit lost in the rehabilitation space, but I think you're absolutely right. I think the absence of pharmacological treatment, or a cure that has long standing effects for these progressive conditions has made rehabilitation specialists much more attuned to focusing on quality of life, life participation, maintaining autonomy, and so forth. So, I think I forget that perspective sometimes. Perhaps from the space that I work in, I tend to be in a more interdisciplinary environment where I feel on the opposite end. I'm often asked for justification for providing these types of services, and that fits in nicely with our previous discussion on how we do see that differentiation and how people with aphasia due to a progressive condition may be siloed from people who have the more quote unquote traditional aphasia symptoms. Jerry Hoepner: Yeah, that's a really good point. And you know, referring to those previous conversations we discussed that need for primary progressive aphasia to have a space of its own. It's tricky because it doesn't fit into post-stroke aphasia quite right, and it doesn't fit into the Alzheimer's and dementia world quite right. So, yeah, it's nice to see this developing in the Life Participation kind of context, really excited about Anna Volkmer's conference dedicated to primary progressive aphasia. Yeah, what an excellent point, that even though we feel like it's great to build it from the ground up, there's still people in that interdisciplinary context, who are very much looking at this, like,"Justify this. How is having conversations and doing activities with someone justifiable, as a, you know, as a skilled intervention?" Jeanne Gallée: Right. I think a lot of it comes back to misunderstandings about the scope of our profession. So, coming from the speech language pathology standpoint, we may have a perspective that other providers may not. And it's interesting, particularly when that confusion or disconnect happens in conditions that are communication led, where we see the symptoms primarily touching upon our ability to interact verbally or non-verbally to communicate. And it's fascinating, and I think speaking to that silo, we see PPA having been a relatively new and still considered very rare condition, but there's so much overlap with other conditions, right, in the kinds of symptoms that we see and there's so much where, as any speech pathologist with experience in acquired neurogenic communication disorders, we can see that we can apply our skill set, but again, likely due to the terminal nature of the condition, we end up seeing providers taking it a different route, or saying either there's only the pharmacological route, or we just let it lie or let it be as is, which we wouldn't do with any other condition. We wouldn't say that for someone with ALS. We would want to provide them the supports, even if they're temporary, to improve quality of life. So, it is an interesting, almost cultural phenomenon as well. I think. Jerry Hoepner: Yeah, that I think it's really fascinating, and I'm so glad you brought that up. It reminds me of kind of the phrase, the company we keep, right? It's easy to be amongst, you know, people who are in the [Life Participation Approach to Aphasia] LPPA world, who think the way that we think, and who do the way that we do. And I do a lot of work in the area of cognitive communication disorders with acquired brain injuries, and so forth, and there's been a remarkable shift in the last five years there as well towards a more Life Participation bio psychosocial approach, and some of the work that I've been passionate about for years has been more and more accepted. So you feel like when you're in that company of all of your people that everything's all good, but it also reminds me of something that my friend Natalie Douglas always says, which is that "We need to be out there amongst others who need to understand the importance of this kind of a perspective, and sharing that." And when you talked about those other professionals, I really didn't think about that until you said that. Right, really important to get them on the same page, and to help them understand why this is so important. Jeanne Gallée: Right? And I think that's where the conference that you mentioned, the first PPA only conference that's taking place this summer in London, is so special because one of the reasons why we were so motivated to have this type of a conference is that there wasn't really the space at the typical aphasiology conferences, and then the larger neurology-based conferences, or more broadly dementia-based conferences, also didn't quite feel like a home. I think, especially their studies of quality of life, in particular, we're really not seen as rigorous in those contexts. So, this conference, what's nice is that we have that uniting force of everyone being focused on PPA, but it's super interdisciplinary, and that I think will really promote some fantastic conversations. Jerry Hoepner: Wow, that's really encouraging and exciting to see that move forward. I'm not in the primary progressive aphasia world, although when we're at aphasia camp and things like that, certainly that's a part of my role. But as soon as I saw the call for papers come out, I'm, you know, texting and messaging all of my PPA folks to say, "Did you see this? This is great. Are you doing something?" It's very exciting. So, I'm excited to see where that moves in the future and to hear how things go this time around. That's great. Jeanne Gallée: Likewise, I'm really excited, and I do really believe it will lead to a whole future cascade of collaboration. Jerry Hoepner: Yeah, amazing. Well, before we delve into your amazing work, I've been reading your articles, and it's been just a pleasure to read it. I'm always impressed with how certain themes of importance can come across in different areas of our field, and it's been fun to see that. I wonder, because I'm looking at the list of collaborators, just some incredible collaborators on that list, in those papers, I'd love to hear a little bit about your mentorship, both in primary progressive aphasia and kind of thinking about the Life Participation quality of life kind of context as well. Jeanne Gallée: Yeah, I think in hindsight my mentorship experience seems more linear than it did in the moment. And I think it goes back to my original journey in my doctoral program. The program I was in, the Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology program at Harvard was a little bit different from others, where we didn't apply to work with a specific mentor, but truly just to get into the program. And they encouraged a pretty extensive shopping period to work with a variety of mentors to get a feel for topic area, mentorship style, and so traditionally first year students didn't even have any experiences, they just focused on the very time-intensive and rigorous coursework. I came in and started my first experience with Evelina Fedorenko at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, who had worked with an undergrad. And that I think from the get-go gave me a very holistic view. I think, of the ways in which we could think about language, and in particular, the language network. So, there I was working on MRI studies of what activations do we see in the language network. In response to linguistic stimuli. And we were working with undergrads at MIT who were all healthy between the ages of 18 through 30, and I just felt at a certain point that I had this growing interest towards thinking about what happens when something goes wrong. So when it's atypical processing of language. I first thought I might be interested in pediatric population, so I was all over the place, but through the partnership that my program had with the MGH Institute of Health Professionals, I ended up having this amazing opportunity to be mentored by Evelina Federenko, as well as Sophia Vallila Rohter at the Institute of Health Professions, as well as the Frontotemporal Disorders Unit at Mass General Hospital, through my actual clinical training. So I had this quite hefty consortium of mentors, and I think that has its own set of challenges, right? It's a little bit less mentor-directed and more on the student to say, "This is exactly what I want to work on." But I think that allowed me to build a network of experiences and mentors, and that just has bled into every experience I've had since then. I also think the pandemic, you brought that up before, had a huge role in this, and all of a sudden people were very, very open to virtual meetings and connections and wanted connection. I think everyone felt very stuck at home and wanted to find more people and to find meaning and Anna Volkmer and I had the opportunity to meet at the Academy of Aphasia in Macau in 2019. And honestly meeting her in our connection has been also one of those launching pads for me to really jump out into the world of international collaboration. So all that to say, I think a lot of chance encounters and just a lot of plunging into possible conversations head first has led to this phenomenal mentorship team. And a lot of people who I collaborate with now I see as my inadvertent mentors, and that includes Anna, that includes Maya Henry at UT Austin, Amy Mooney in Oregon, just people who have consistently volunteered their time to mentor me in ways in which I can only say I would have never expected. Jade Cartwright and I have had such a phenomenal collaboration over the past few years as well, where we just had the same interests, and Zoom allowing, we were able to build on those. Jerry Hoepner: That's really an amazing answer to that question. I love the term inadvertent mentors, because I just think that those are the best mentors, where you're as much a mentor to them as they are to you. And it's just this really reciprocal relationship, but it's also built on this organic, like passion and interest for the same kinds of topics. Where it's not forced and that's a really nice kind of look back on your entire process. I was also struck by the term "mentor shopping", or "mentor shopping period", whatever. And I think that's really great that you had an opportunity for that not to be so mentor-led, and I mean it clearly shows through when you talk about your clinical experience and how that was connected to your research experience, and kind of all used to create this amalgamation of who you are. I mean, it's clear in talking with you, it's clear in reading your work that you have that strong, multi prong kind of basis. It's not just research, it's not just this specific area of research, it's really broad and the clinical connection is there, so that makes a lot of sense when I hear you talk about that, for sure. Jeanne Gallée: Oh, thank you. Yeah, I think in hindsight, again, it seems more linear, and in the moment it sometimes felt a little wild, I will say, in terms of just wrangling what do I actually want to pursue, and how. And I'm still figuring that out. But I think this community of collaborators and mentors is truly what has kept me in the field and as well. Jerry Hoepner: Yeah, I think when you can connect with other people who are passionate about the work that you're doing. I can't imagine sitting at alone in my office doing a project, and I mean it's just so much more fun when you're doing it with other people. And other people who can expand the way that you think, which I'm sure everyone that you've mentioned on that list really does, when you can say, "Well, I think we should do it this way" and someone says, "Have you thought about…" and it just completely wrecks your world in a good way, "Like, oh my gosh, I didn't think about that, that's so exciting!" and then you just get into this back and forth. Yeah, very fun to hear about that. And again, it clearly shows through in the work that you do. In our previous conversations, you also mentioned this idea, and this again built on those clinical foundations that your initial mission was really to help develop interventions for people with primary progressive aphasia, and then you kind of got not off track, but inadvertently focused on working on assessments. You mentioned that there's just such a need, and this is so common in a lot of areas, but there's a need for more person-centered, ecologically valid strength-based assessment, and that the traditional measures just don't tell us enough. So, I'm really excited to talk about the work that you're doing on assessment, and how that brings us closer to what we need from an intervention standpoint, too. Jeanne Gallée: Yeah, so that really is at the heart of what has been my experience. Also, right from the get-go, we started talking about the differences, or the possible differentiation that the field has historically taken in thinking about post-stroke aphasia versus primary progressive aphasia. One of my first real PPA projects in my doctoral work was meant to be a naming treatment study for people living with PPA, and one of the roadblocks I kept hitting was also my mentors and reviewers telling me that I was trying to add too many things. And in that process I realized I don't think just using something that exists for post-stroke aphasia is going to be the best way to address the patients I'm seeing right now. And it's not because there's something wrong with that treatment. That treatment was not designed for these individuals. And that led to many more rabbit holes, and you know me really just feeling this existential crisis of "Well, why are we working on the stimuli that we are, and why are we asking questions about these ones?" And I have so much respect for the assessments that exist, and the individuals behind them, and the time they invested in making them. I am also of the belief that we can move forward and improve our processes. There are certain assessments that may be widely used and have so much again power behind them. You know, we have best associated certain assessments with characterizing a diagnosis, but what I ended up seeing in my placements and throughout my clinical work is that many assessments serve more of a mission of an institution or a research protocol than the person being assessed. And in the face of a person with a terminal condition who is using their precious time to serve you in that space, I just think it's so much more important, or that much more important, to really consider what is most functional for them. What will serve them? And how we, how can we give back to that person? And again, part of that emotion, I think, comes from having worked in many research-centered spaces, where someone might not get intervention afterwards, or they might not understand why they are participating in up to five hours of assessment, and I think that's where that passion for focusing on reprioritizing the patient or the client really came from. Jerry Hoepner: I think that attention to "what's in it for them", is really important and clearly based in kind of where your heart is at and where your clinical mindset is at. Because it's easy to go in and say, "Well, we need this data. We need all the data that we get." but to what end, right? Like, how is it going to help? And how is that going to give us any more information about how to help this person, then what they can't do, right? So, I appreciate that mindset a lot, you know. It makes me think, and this is a little off track, and we didn't talk about this question earlier, but what a shift it will be clinicians working with people with primary progressive aphasia, and how they'll be able to shift from using kind of the existing tools that were out there for other purposes to moving towards tools that are designed specifically for people with PPA, and maybe just a snapshot of your thoughts about that piece. Jeanne Gallée: So I think it's really important to know where the field comes from, the work in which it was grounded in. So, I think it, it makes sense to talk about standardized assessment scores. It makes sense to talk about, you know, the specific assessments that can help us quickly differentiate presentations or needs, right? So, using the symptom-led approach, can we identify specific behaviors really quickly in a standardized way? I think the issue comes in when we stop being dynamic in how we use them. It's very easy to use an assessment in a way that feels rote. It feels just like a test, and it's like you said, "just collecting data for the purpose of collecting data." And lose that aspect of humanity. And maybe I'm putting words in other clinicians' mouths, but especially when a certain condition is rare, like PPA is. You may not have very much experience with seeing someone with PPA, or any type of progressive condition, and feel really stuck and needing to be in the motivation of being really professional, sticking to a certain set of tests. "This feels right." Right, this is what someone told me to do. I can fill this out, and there's something very potentially vulnerable or scary about just going with your gut in those moments. And what Anna Volkmer and I have spoken about so often is just the power of having a conversation with someone, and seeing what you can learn from that conversation, not only about the person themselves, but their communication behaviors. And how you can get so much from that conversation, including the trust and comfort of the client in front of you. Jerry Hoepner: Absolutely, yeah. One of the things that I think about when you're talking about that is, in working with people with acquired brain injuries and traumatic brain injuries one of the things I've learned is they will tell you, or they will ask, right? They'll say, "What is this? "What kind of information is this giving you?" "Why do we have to do this stupid test?" And I think that's good. I think that's a mindset that we should have when we're thinking about all of the assessments that we do. Why are we doing this? Is this really necessary? And they're very willing to say, "If it's necessary, that's fine, I'll do it, but are you getting something from this that I'm not seeing?" Right, I love that question, and I think it speaks to what you just said, right? Like, there's so much information that we can gather from conversations, from our interactions with people, we should be thinking about getting that, and if we're doing something else, we should have a why directly following, yeah. Jeanne Gallée: Yes, the why is so important, and you're right. Sometimes we do just need to get certain information. I think for me, one of the most striking moments early on in my training was having small talk. You know, just conversation with a person with semantic variant primary progressive aphasia, and thinking, "Wow, this all feels quite typical. I'm curious about why they're here? What their testing will look like…" and then moving on to the Boston Naming Test and immediately seeing the challenges that came. That dichotomy is really helpful to have in those moments, but again, there's the argument of why are we asking about the name abacus, right? Why are we using that right now, and how does that represent how someone is performing functionally in their everyday life? Jerry Hoepner: Absolutely, yeah, totally. I agree. Can you share a little bit about the RAISE framework, which I really love, because it relates to the way that I think about assessment from the standpoint of counseling, like you build on relationships and connections. William Miller is famous for saying, "The last thing you should ever do at the beginning of a session is assessment." You're beginning of a relationship with someone, don't assess first thing. So, I love that piece, and then thinking about the pact, and I'll let you kind of expand those, but I'll let you unpack them – ha ha- but how that starts to move us towards intervention. Jeanne Gallée: Right. So the RAISE assessment framework was really built out of those conversations, and I guess realizations on my own part about that discomfort with the really rigid end that assessment can…I'll restate that. The rigidity that assessment can have, so again speaking to really, really standardized sets and rigid protocols of specific measures that someone uses, and like you said, having the experience of multiple research participants, as well as patients, asking "Why are we doing this? I know I'm not good at this. Why are we doing it again and again?" And in those moments, not feeling like I had the power to really justify exactly why we were doing everything, apart from, "Oh, this is important for the research study." Which it was, but just feeling like there was that aspect of humanity that was missing, and coming up with my own toolkit in those moments to fill in those blanks. So right after the completion of my PhD, Anna Volkmar and I started speaking a lot more about the power of conversational assessment. And then that led into conversations where we worked with Anne Whitworth, Deborah Hersh, and Jade Cartwright, where again, through the power of Zoom across all times. I was pregnant with my first, and meeting everyone usually at midnight my time. I already was nocturnal at that point!  Where we would just be discussing all of these issues, and what was amazing about this is that, particularly Anne and Deb come from more of the post-stroke aphasia world, and had these amazing principles grounded in those populations where Deborah Hersh had also really come forward with the concept of therapeutic assessment. So as you had said assessment and intervention shouldn't be separate, they belong together and coexist at all times if we're smart about it. And what we ended up doing, first informally and then formally through the more official Delphi process is coming up with a set of principles as a framework for assessment. So, to take a step away from, "Oh, it's just Lucy Goosey, we're having a conversation and chit chat." What we're actually promoting is a pretty structured set of principles to guide the ways in which we can cultivate assessment for individuals with PPA and their loved ones. Jerry Hoepner: Yeah, absolutely. I was kind of scanning on my computer, I was trying to think of the name. I love this name of the article, where it says, 'Please don't assess me to death, or something like that. Jeanne Gallée: Yes, yeah. Jerry Hoepner:  Yeah, and, and thinking about that whole entire process from beginning to end as a relationship, as you know, not discreetly assessment, not discreetly intervention, I think it's just really important. Can you talk a little bit about the PACT and kind of where that has moved things in terms of the assessment piece, but also kind of set a set up for intervention and what that looks like? Jeanne Gallée: Great, so the PACT the Progressive Aphasia Communication Toolkit kit builds off of what we put forth with the RAISE assessment framework. So with RAISE we promote that the relationship might be temporary, it might be a single interaction, or it might be long term, and we cultivate that through conversation and then the PACT is a set of scales that leverages that conversation, we take that natural or as natural as can be interaction and use it to come up with a concrete framework of communication strengths. So that might all sound very esoteric. To make that more concrete, there are four scales to the PACT. They're all clinician ratings, where the clinician is asked to look at a pre-recorded conversation that would occur naturally in a clinical or research context, and then on a scale from four to zero, rate the person speaking's strengths. So within the domains of speech and voice, as well as language and social pragmatics, as well as discourse, and the point or the purpose of that was to really anchor a person's communicative ability in one of these more natural environments with a provider. We collect so much phenomenal qualitative data, but at times it can feel challenging to quantify it and the hope with the PACT is that we can quantify our very real, possibly subjective evaluation of a person's communication at a certain moment in time. Jerry Hoepner: Yeah, and what I love about that, and you might have a slightly different thought about this, because you're deeper into it, but from an assessment standpoint, you can then do that all the way through. You can say, "Here's where they are this year, here's where they are next year, here's where they are the year after that, or you know, two years ago, or whatever your lens is at that point." You can do that without kind of this constant repeating of, "Okay, let's see how bad you are today compared to a year ago, or compared to two years ago." Just a very different mindset. And I love the focus on "What can you still do? What what's working? And how can we leverage what's working to really help you to actually communicate today?" As opposed to saying, "Oh boy, the ship is sinking." which is kind of the typical approach. Jeanne Gallée: Yes, that exactly what you're saying. The tendency tends to focus on what's no longer there. And while that might be helpful in clinical trials to characterize a person's performance diagnostically and the trajectory of a diagnosis over time. It really does not serve the person who goes home after the assessment, nor their loved ones to help them maintain that autonomy and quality of life, and also caregiver burden. And that is actually one of the points I really love about the PACT, is it builds on that RAISE aspect, that final tenant of evolution or adaptation over time. There's no repeat measure conflict here, where you know something might seem familiar. One of the unique parts of the PACT is that the clinician doesn't fill out the scale while they're talking to the person, they're really just recording them talking, so it is on the clinician side where, as often as they'd like to, they could implement the structured prompts of the PACT and then fill out the scale and see how performance might vary over time. They might see effects of context of the conversation, or the environment, or maybe the time of day, you know, phase of life, but it remains a way to use that really important information you gather through these conversations without recreating a testing environment frequently. Jerry Hoepner: I really love that framework. I think there's a lot of room for that to be used in other contexts as well. I just think it's really a wise way of thinking about it. I also, you just mentioned caregivers and caregiver burden in this context, and how does that fit into this entire RAISE framework, the PACT, and so forth. Jeanne Gallée: I think for both the RAISE assessment framework as well as the PACT the carers play an essential role in the sense that if they are available and present in the patient's life, then they are involved in the process. And so within the RAISE framework, the care partner is involved to provide feedback or to be given feedback, and in the PACT the same occurs, where if they are present at the time of the conversation, they are involved in the conversation. What I tend to do in the people I have piloted the PACT, I say come in as you would naturally, but then also take a step back. Let the person that with PPA that we're talking to take the lead, but I want you to interact as you would naturally. And then they're separately also asked to comment on the strengths that the person with PPA has. Their feedback is so integral because if they are present in a person's life, they play an essential role in promoting anything that we do work on in speech therapy. Jerry Hoepner: Absolutely, yeah, really well said. And I wanted to dig in, partly because I have envy of this figure, the roadmap figure for PPA, and I think it really sets up well for as we think about professionals out there too, like what's the roadmap, not just for the person and their partner, but what's the roadmap for clinicians, future clinicians, all of that. Maybe you can talk a little bit about that figure. Jeanne Gallée: I'd be delighted to. So, this was one of those, I would say classic for me moments where I had an idea and went to PowerPoint and started playing around with a visual of what I was thinking. The roadmap paper in no way is meant to be the only guide for how we can work with a person with PPA, but was really born out of discussions with Amy Mooney, as well as Zoe Ezzes, and Kristin Schafferr Mendez through the National Aphasia Association about the possible gaps in education or preparation a person might experience when first working with people living with PPA.  There are so many ways in which we could say, "Oh, just work on this exact task. Work on these.." and that can feel so lost and unanchored, unmoored moreover. And I wanted to provide the clinical toolkit that I've been using to help me think about my broader approach. So to not get lost in the weeds, but just generally think about what's my purpose here, what's my journey, and so at the center of this road that I created is the tenant of providing that person-centered care, like we aim to with the RAISE assessment framework, so really bringing it back to establishing that honest and holistic and person-centered relationship with your client and their care partners. And focusing on creating a journey that's unique to the client that I think can feel hard when there are so many unknowns with a condition like PPA, where you're always working with an interdisciplinary team. Which you may or may not have contact with. So the first part of this roadmap is really defining your role. Who are you as a professional, and what kinds of support can you provide, and part of defining your own role includes defining your role relative to the rest of the interdisciplinary team. How can you provide a different approach from the neurologist or the neuropsychologist who play vital but very different roles in a person's care journey? Part of that definition also includes advocating across professions, so a classic conundrum that people with communication-led disorders face is that they may not have certain challenges in other domains, but their communication results in a domino effect of difficulties. And so, as the speech language pathologist, coming up with ways in which you can provide supports to other providers or your client to improve their communication can be essential for that comprehensive care. That might include coming up with a communication notebook that has a single page related to specific questions or common topics when talking to the neurologist or the physical therapist or other providers. And then part of this roadmap includes referring out. So having the humility and confidence to say I can't help with this in the ways that you may need. I will either refer you to a specialist within our field or outside of our field to help with these specific aspects, and I think that's just responsible care. Jerry Hoepner: Absolutely. Really well described, and such a perfect. A segway to my next question. I always tell my students, assessment isn't just the first and last session that you're working with someone, and the same goes for intervention, right? It's not excluded from the beginning and the end, right? Like, you can't do intervention on day one, you can't do it on the last day, right? I think we kind of silo those things as well, you know, we assess and we intervene every day side by side. Can you share a little bit of your perspectives on this? And, and how that relates to kind of what we just talked about in terms of that roadmap? Jeanne Gallée: Yeah, I think part of the challenge with some of these concepts is that it's very helpful to have experience in working with individuals, whether it is through formal speech therapy or elsewhere, to feel comfort with the unknown. Because a lot of it relies on your ability to listen and to respond to what you notice. You may inadvertently put in assessment by asking follow-up questions to a point a person made when you were talking about their commute. Ad you may offer different technological supports or just visual supports to your client in that conversation in a way to build up supports to see, "Oh, do we see a difference in how they're responding to what I'm saying? And how I provide support? Or when I dial it back, do we see a completely different direction?" So, it is this beautiful, possibly more art than science approach of responding to what a person is giving you. And there are so many individual differences in all of us.  I always joke about how when I used to collect data on the picture description using both age match controls and people with PPA, I would almost burst out laughing when some of the controls provided responses, because I would get one to two sentences sometimes because see the difference in motivation. A person who does not have a communication concern, does not see the need to show exactly what they can do. And would benefit from some encouragement to show exactly how much they can say, whereas a person with PPA, who might have an Aphasia Quotient that recognizes their aphasia, might speak for five to 10 minutes to show exactly everything that they can accomplish. And so I think having that in your back pocket is really important when it comes to thinking about coming up with your recipe of all the ingredients of your assessment and intervention approach and counseling approach. So, I think that's where most of my work comes from, is that there is no one size fits all, but there are certain ingredients or components that we need to apply, and the exact ratios depend on the person you're working with. Jerry Hoepner: That is such a good description of dynamic assessment and intervention and how that I agree, probably more art than science. And that's hard for people who want a black and white answer, like "Step one…" but it's so true, and, and being effective in working in this context, that really moves us nicely into a recent paper that you did, those global perspectives on the management of PPA, and I was struck by the numbers here. Only 40% of respondents said that they had received training in primary progressive aphasia at their university, and they identified all of these needs, right, like online instruction, sample tools, and activity dealing with end of life care and trainings for end of life care. When you mentioned counseling, that totally relates to what we're up against in terms of counseling, right? No one feels confident or has very good self efficacy. Tey don't know if what you know the lines are, what part is theirs and what part is someone else. And I think just really important to like I said, lay out a roadmap and help people to understand what we were just talking about in terms of that art and science of how do you navigate this space when it has to be individualized for every person, and that can feel uncomfortable for a lot of people. So, I'd love to hear more of your thoughts on that, and kind of what you learned from that context. Jeanne Gallée: Yeah, so this research study. Was really an amazing endeavor on part of everyone who was involved. It felt like a grassroots effort to find the speech language pathologists around the world who aren't associated with a particular institution who do work with primary progressive aphasia. So of course it will never be a fully representative sample of every clinician who does so, but I do think we worked very hard to cast a wide net. So we used a snowball method. I contacted almost 40 institutions and governing bodies to find speech language pathologists who do have experience with PPA, because while more and more non-specialist providers will be seeing this patient population, we wanted to hear from the people who currently are in the field and creating their own expertise and toolkits to work with these individuals. So, what we found is that a lot of people are out on their own creating their own wheels, so to speak. And it just really led to that beautiful conclusion of now with the power of our globalization of education and sharing of resources, we can come up with a resource that's shared worldwide. Of course, there will be adaptations to fit different contexts, cultures, languages, but one of the issues has been that the systems of care for PPA have often relied upon very specific individuals. And that's reflected in the educational level. Even I was in the master's program between 2017 and 2019, I didn't hear about PPA formally in my coursework, and if it was mentioned we did not go into any of these aspects of specialized care. Part of that might have been because I didn't take very specific courses that then you know were optional or precluded, so I might have missed it, but I really didn't receive that education in the classroom. I received it through my clinical training, which I would argue is possibly even more valuable, right? You have that experiential training. But I think for clinicians who might want to transition in their careers, or you know, inadvertently in their place of work, are transitioning based on who shows up, that is a huge disservice. Jerry Hoepner: Yeah, agreed. And it's a complex issue, right, because I can remember actually teaching about this back before Tom [Sather] was in my department. I taught the aphasia class and the acquired cog class, and I was thinking, like, where do I talk about primary progressive aphasia? Do I talk about that in acquired com? Do I talk about that in aphasia? Do I do it in both? Where do I talk about end of life care, and like, how does that fit in, because that's, you know, at that point I was teaching dysphasia, too. Believe it or not, and I'm like, it's kind of there, it's kind of here, it's kind of, it's kind of in counseling, it's all right. So that makes it tricky to have kind of a uniform message when it's all over the place. And love to just get your thoughts on that too. Like, where do you put that stuff? Like, it's it's PPA, it's end of life care, it's aphasia, it's right, it's counseling, it's so many things at once. Jeanne Gallée: It is so many things at once, and I do think that speaks to the fact that it may well need its own class as part of progressive conditions. Jerry Hoepner: Yeah. Jeanne Gallée: But I do think a large part of what we share there is that understanding of we may also need to shift the identity of who we think about when we think about life care. And when we think about a progressive condition. Since a huge flavor, so to speak, of PPA is the fact that it is early onset, and especially with our cultural shifts, and you know, people starting families later in life. The face of a person with PPA looks very different from, at least in my childhood, of what looked like typical Alzheimer's disease dementia. And it's a younger, possibly more dynamic working person, possibly with little kids at home. And I think that's where that symptom-led approach has been most beneficial for my practice. Where we think about "What are you experiencing and how is it impacting your life?", rather than saying "This is the diagnosis, let's put you over here in this box." Jerry Hoepner: Yeah, the idea of putting it in a box and siloing things really resonates in this context, and I love what you said about identity, right? The identity - what we all have in our mind's eye when we think about end of life care is not the typical person with primary progressive aphasia. Like I can remember as an elementary school student visiting the nursing homes and singing to the residents and things like that, and this was not, this was not the group of people that we were thinking about in that context. Very, very different, and I just think that's a really good mindset shift to recognize how actually broad that is. I'm sure there's people listening to this who work in, you know, end of life pediatric care who want to slap me in the face right now, but right, we have such a different mindset when we're thinking about end of life care, and that reset that you just made super important. Jeanne Gallée: Yeah, yeah, and easier said than done, I think, As well as just seeing who shows up to the University of Washington support groups, and just the own perspectives that individuals bring there. But I think we can do it. I think, as a field, that will be the way in which we can become the best generalist provider, so to speak, where we take general principles of addressing symptoms or situations, and then apply those to diagnoses across the spectrum. Jerry Hoepner: Absolutely, really well said, and a great place to kind of wrap up our questions, but I want to give you the opportunity, are there points that you want to share before we kind of close our conversation? Things that we missed. Jeanne Gallée: I think the general thread throughout our conversation has just spoken to the power we do have as providers or researchers working with patients with primary progressive aphasia or related conditions, I think when we feel that our expertise in the newest theories or approaches might be lacking, we can always rely upon our empathy and full body listening, just to bring in elements that go across the lifespan, and that in of itself can lead to so many honest and transparent choices in our clinical care that can best serve our communities. I think we are much more empowered than we think we are. Jerry Hoepner: Absolutely, that's a really important thread through many places where clinicians feel uncomfortable. They've got it there and they just have to gain that confidence, and being empowered to step into those moments. Well said. Well, Jeanne it's been just a really fun conversation. I'm sure we could talk all afternoon, but I look forward to catching up to you at future conferences and things like that. It's been my pleasure to have this conversation. So, thank you for being a part of it. Jeanne Gallée: Right back at you, Jerry. Thank you so much. This has been a really fun conversation, and like you said, I hope to meet in person in the near future. Jerry Hoepner: Agreed. On behalf of Aphasia Access, thank you for listening to this episode of the Aphasia Access Conversations Podcast. For more information on Aphasia Access, and to access our growing library of materials, please go to www.aphasiaaccess.org. If you have an idea for a future podcast series or topic, email us at info at aphasia access.org Thanks again for your ongoing support of Aphasia Access.   Resources and Readings 1) The RAISE Assessment Framework: Gallée, J., Cartwright, J., Volkmer, A., Whitworth, A., & Hersh, D. (2023). "Please Don't Assess Him to Destruction": The R.A.I.S.E. Assessment Framework for Primary Progressive Aphasia. American journal of speech-language pathology, 32(2), 391–410. https://doi.org/10.1044/2022_AJSLP-22-00122  Gallée, J., Volkmer, A., Whitworth, A., Hersh, D., & Cartwright, J. (2024). Applications of the R.A.I.S.E. Assessment Framework to Support the Process of Assessment in Primary Progressive Aphasia. American journal of speech-language pathology, 33(5), 2280–2290. https://doi.org/10.1044/2024_AJSLP-24-00085 2) A roadmap for clinicians just starting to work with PPA: Gallée, J. (2023). A Roadmap to enhance care for people living with primary progressive Aphasia: What Can Be Done Now?. Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups, 8(5), 847-862. https://doi.org/10.1044/2023_PERSP-23-0002  3) Aspects of language functioning in early and late-onset Alzheimer's disease dementia: Gallée, J., Gibbons, L. E., Choi, S. E., Lee, M., Scollard, P., Trittschuh, E. H., Mez, J., Saykin, A. J., Foldi, N. S., Mukherjee, S., & Crane, P. K. (2025). Facets of language performance in early-onset and late-onset Alzheimer's disease dementia. Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 21(9), e70705. https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.70705 4) The Progressive Aphasia Communication Toolkit (in production at Alzheimer's & Dementia, but here is the preprint): Gallée, J., Cartwright, J., Henry, M. L., Mooney, A. R., Stark, B. C., Volkmer, A., Dietz, A., Nakano, C., Battista, P., Beales, A., Beber, B. C., Cadório, I., Caldwell, M., Davies, K., Ezzes, Z., Gauch, M., Graney, T., Grobler, S., Haley, K. L., Hausmann, A., … Crane, P. K. (2025). The Progressive Aphasia Communication Toolkit (PACT): A Strengths-Based Approach to Multidomain Evaluation for Intervention. medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences, 2025.11.25.25340904. https://doi.org/10.64898/2025.11.25.25340904 5) A global survey on SLP perspectives on the management of PPA: Gallée, J., Cartwright, J., Grasso, S., Jokel, R., Lavoie, M., McGowan, E., Pozzebon, M., Beber, B. C., Duboisdindien, G., Montagut, N., Norvik, M., Sugimoto, T., Townsend, R., Unger, N., Winsnes, I. E., & Volkmer, A. (2024). Global perspectives on the management of primary progressive aphasia. Scientific reports, 14(1), 19712. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-70156-5 6) Aspects of language functioning in early and late-onset Alzheimer's disease dementia: Gallée, J., Gibbons, L. E., Choi, S. E., Lee, M., Scollard, P., Trittschuh, E. H., Mez, J., Saykin, A. J., Foldi, N. S., Mukherjee, S., & Crane, P. K. (2025). Facets of language performance in early-onset and late-onset Alzheimer's disease dementia. Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 21(9), e70705. https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.70705

Caller Questions & Discussion: Becky shares how the apostle Paul wrote Philippians while imprisoned, reminding believers to focus on God even in difficult circumstances. In Philippians 4:8, Paul writes, “Fix your thoughts on what is true…” Becky asks listeners an important question: What is imprisoning you? We went to visit my daughter's new baby and tried to respect their strict boundaries. For example, when I kissed my grandchild, they asked me not to do that. How do I talk to my husband about the distractions in his life, including pornography, that keep him from facing difficult issues? He needs to find a different job, but he spends his time watching TV and viewing porn. My husband and I have been married for 50 years and have seen 10 counselors over the years, but nothing has helped. He has had a successful career as a photographer and insists on posting photos on social media. I've told him that people should sign release forms, but he refuses. What should I do? I've been married for 17 years and am visually impaired, and my wife is blind.  She recently developed serious medical issues, and I had to place her in a care facility. How do I navigate this season? It's difficult, and I miss her deeply.

Caller Questions & Discussion: Dr. Jacqui discusses how we often wait for other people to make us feel valued, important, and cared for. If you're waiting for someone else to give you a sense of priority or feeling frustrated because you think someone should have considered your needs, ask yourself: When was the last time you considered you? I've been estranged from my adult daughter for two-and-a-half years. We didn't argue; she just stopped talking to me. She wanted me to help care for her daughters, but she suddenly exploded and screamed at me. I have a history of dissociation and unresolved trauma, and I experience muscle-memory responses connected to those painful experiences. Our bodies naturally try to heal and protect themselves. I was serving in ministry, but my husband was emotionally abusive, and I finally asked him to leave. Why does everything feel so difficult right now? My daughter now has to attend public school, and I feel like my life is falling apart. I've been married for almost 42 years, and we have a blended family. How can I reconnect with my husband without nagging him? We used to have daily devotions together at a set time, but now he won't put his phone away.

Hearing 'no' is, often, one of the hardest things to hear in life. Especially when we so desperately want to hear God say 'yes'! But, the no's do come - so how do we deal with that? What should we remember when God tells us 'no' and how should we find thankfulness in the no's of life? That's what this week's episode is all about... Got a question you want answered or a topic you'd like to hear Townsend andPreacher Man muse on? Let them know at mtpm.podcast@gmail.com !Intro music: "Royalty Free Music from Bensound" 

Reggie Townsend: Making Responsible AI Irresistible Responsible AI has a design problem. Too often, it is treated as a compliance exercise, a policy document, or a late-stage control, when it should be the operating system that enables organizations to innovate with confidence. In this episode of Scouting for Growth, Sabine VanderLinden welcomes back Reggie Townsend, Vice President of AI Ethics, Governance and Social Impact at SAS, to explore one compelling idea: making responsible AI irresistible. Drawing on decades of experience helping enterprises embed trustworthy AI into their operations, Reggie explains why governance must evolve from abstract principles to practical systems people actually use. As organizations race to deploy generative and agentic AI, the conversation has shifted. Responsible AI is no longer just about avoiding harm—it is about creating the conditions for innovation, resilience, and long-term competitive advantage. Boards are asking tougher questions. Regulators are raising expectations. Employees increasingly need guidance they can apply in real-world decisions, not just policies they acknowledge once a year. This conversation is essential listening for CEOs, board directors, Chief Risk Officers, compliance leaders, AI product teams, and founders navigating the transition from responsible AI intentions to responsible AI execution.   KEY TAKEAWAYS One of the biggest insights I took from this conversation is that responsible AI is fundamentally a design challenge. We have spent years writing principles and policies, yet many organizations still struggle to translate those aspirations into everyday decisions. Reggie reminded me that if governance feels complicated, disconnected, or burdensome, people will naturally work around it. Our challenge as leaders is to make responsible behavior the easiest path rather than the hardest one. I was also struck by how governance is becoming inseparable from business strategy. As generative and agentic AI systems begin making increasingly autonomous decisions, governance can no longer be treated as a legal or compliance function operating at the edge of the organization. It has to become part of product design, procurement, operations, and executive decision-making. Trust is no longer something we communicate after deployment; it is something we engineer from the beginning. Another important theme was the preservation of human agency. While AI can dramatically enhance productivity and decision-making, Reggie reminds us that organizations must remain intentional about where humans stay accountable. The future is unlikely to be defined by replacing people with AI, but by designing systems where humans and intelligent machines complement one another in transparent and meaningful ways. However, perhaps my greatest takeaway is that responsible AI should become a competitive advantage rather than a regulatory obligation. Organizations that embed governance in their innovation will move with greater confidence because customers, regulators, employees, and investors will increasingly reward trust. Making responsible AI irresistible is ultimately about making good governance so practical, intuitive and valuable that people actively choose to adopt it—and that may prove to be one of the most important leadership capabilities of the next decade.   BEST MOMENTS "Responsible AI isn't about slowing innovation. It's about creating the confidence to innovate at scale." – Reggie Townsend "If responsible AI feels like extra work, we've designed it wrong. We have to make it irresistible." – Reggie Townsend "Governance shouldn't be something you visit once a year. It should be embedded into every decision, every workflow, and every system we build." – Reggie Townsend "The question isn't whether AI will make decisions. It's whether we've designed those decisions to preserve human agency." – Reggie Townsend "Trust isn't something you add after deployment. It's something you architect from the very beginning." – Reggie Townsend "We're moving from governing models to governing systems of intelligence—and that's an entirely different challenge." – Reggie Townsend "The organizations that thrive won't be the ones that adopt AI the fastest. They'll be the ones that build trust the fastest." – Reggie Townsend "Responsible AI is no longer just an ethics conversation. It's becoming a leadership conversation, an operational conversation, and ultimately a competitive advantage." – Sabine VanderLinden "As AI becomes more autonomous, our responsibility as leaders becomes even more intentional." – Sabine VanderLinden "The future belongs to organizations that can turn responsible AI from a policy into a practice." – Sabine VanderLinden   ABOUT THE GUEST Reggie Townsend is Vice President of AI Ethics, Governance and Social Impact at SAS, where he leads SAS' global AI Ethics, Governance and Social Impact organization. His remit includes the company's Data & AI Ethics Practice, AI & Society initiatives, AI Governance Advisory, Standards, Regulations & Risk Intelligence programs, and Accessible & Adaptive AI efforts. He drives SAS' work on trustworthy, human-centric innovation across products, policies, and partnerships.  Reggie is recognized as one of the clearest voices in responsible and trustworthy AI. He has served as a member of the White House National AI Advisory Committee, sits on the board of EqualAI, and works at the intersection of responsible innovation, enterprise governance, social impact, and emerging AI regulation. In this conversation, he explores how organizations can turn AI governance from a source of friction into a driver of adoption, accountability, and growth.    ABOUT THE HOST Sabine VanderLinden is a corporate strategist turned entrepreneur and the CEO of Alchemy Crew Ventures. She leads venture-client labs that help Fortune 500 companies adopt and scale cutting-edge technologies from global tech ventures. A builder of accelerators, investor, and co-editor of the bestseller The INSURTECH Book, Sabine is known for asking the uncomfortable questions—about AI governance, risk, and trust. On Scouting for Growth, she decodes how real growth happens—where capital, collaboration, and courage meet. If this episode sparked your thinking, follow Sabine VanderLinden on LinkedIn, Twitter, and Instagram for more insights. And if you're interested in sponsoring the podcast, reach out to the team at hello@alchemycrew.ventures

Caller Questions & Discussion: Dr. Jim discusses how building walls through defensiveness, denial, isolation, and passive-aggressive behavior can damage our relationships. If you've been putting up walls, it may be time to start tearing them down. Boundaries shouldn’t build up walls; they should build structure. My wife is struggling with severe nerve pain, and we feel like we're not being seen or heard by God. Like Job and the man at the Pool of Bethesda, I know we won't always get answers for the suffering we experience. I'm estranged from my daughter and haven't been able to see my 8-year-old grandson. Should I stop trying to reach out? She hasn't returned any of my calls or texts. My husband of nearly 53 years was raised by a difficult mother and struggles with his mental health and sex addiction. When he sees a woman he finds attractive, he fixates on her for hours.

In this episode of VarnVlog, we are joined by Brandon Lightly to discuss the complex and often misunderstood history of Maoism. We dive deep into the theoretical underpinnings of the "mass line" and "new democracy," exploring how these concepts served as an internal critique of Marxism and a departure from Soviet-style bureaucracy.Key Topics Covered:Defining the Mass Line: Is it just populism, or a sophisticated leadership feedback loop?The Historical Origins: From the Hunan Report to the Long March and the second United Front.Theoretical Innovations: Mao's 1961 critique of Joseph Stalin and the rejection of the "Great Man" theory of history.Fragmentation: Why there are so many different Maoist tendencies (MLM, MIM, Third Worldism).Praxis: The rectification movement and the relationship between urban intellectuals and the rural peasantry.Journal ArticlesDirlik, A. (1970). The ideological foundations of the Chinese Revolution. Journal of Contemporary History, 5(3), 39–54.Dittmer, L. (1977). Line struggle: Notes on its organizational context and theoretical development. Modern China, 3(3), 303–312.Fogel, J. A. (1980). Ai Siqi, establishment intellectual by Joshua A. Fogel. Modern China, 6(1), 23–47.Hammond, E. R. (1978). Marxism and the mass line [Doctoral dissertation, University of California, Berkeley]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global.Korolev, A. (2017). De-ideologized mass line, regime responsiveness, and state-society relations. China Review, 17(2), 7–36.Lyman, S. V. (1970). The Chinese Communist Party in the United Front, 1937–1945 [Doctoral dissertation, University of California, Berkeley]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global.Mazur, M. G. (1995). The United Front of the 1940s: A social and cultural perspective. Modern China, 21(4), 431–456.Selden, M. (1971). The Yenan Way in revolutionary China. The China Quarterly, (45), 263–294.Steiner, H. A. (1951). Current mass line tactics in Communist China. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 277(1), 422–436.Teiwes, F. C. (1978). The origins of rectification: Inner-party purgation in the 1930s. The China Quarterly, (74), 181–201.Tokuda, N. (1971). The mass line during the Yenan period. The China Quarterly, (47), 1–18.Townsend, J. R. (1967). Political participation in Communist China. University of California Press.Womack, B. (1980). The phase of de-Maoization in China. China Report, 16(1), 7–21.Womack, B. (1991). Mao Zedong and the sinification of Marxism. The China Quarterly, (126), 1–15.Young, G. (1980). On New Democracy and the transition to socialism. Modern China, 6(1), 3–22.Books & Primary SourcesCoble, P. M. (2023). The collapse of Nationalist China: How Chiang Kai-shek lost China's civil war. Cambridge University Press.Elbaum, M. (2018). Revolution in the air: Sixties radicals turn to Lenin, Mao and Che. Verso Books.Hirata, K. (2024). Making Mao's steelworks: Industrial Manchuria and the transnational origins of Chinese socialism. Cambridge University Press.Karl, R. E. (2010). Mao Zedong and China in the twentieth-century world: A concise history. Duke University Press.Li, H. (2024). Fighting on the cultural front: U.S.-China relations in the Cold War. Columbia University Press.Lin, C. (2019). Mass line. In C. Sorace, I. Franceschini, & N. Loubere (Eds.), Afterlives of Chinese Communism: Political concepts from Mao to Xi (p. 122). ANU Press.Lovell, J. (2019). Maoism: A global history. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group.Lowe, D. M. (1966). The function of "China" in Marx, Lenin, and Mao. University of California Press.Mao, Z. (1940). On New Democracy. Marxists Internet Archive.Mao, Z. (1977). A critique of Soviet economics. Monthly Review Press.Moufawad-Paul, J. (2016). Continuity and rupture: Philosophy in the Maoist terrain. Zero Books.Schram, S. R. (Ed.). (2005). Mao's road to power: Revolutionary writings 1912–1949: Vol. VII. New Democracy, 1939–1941. M.E. Sharpe.Zheng, Q. (Ed.). (2020). An ideological history of the Communist Party of China (Vol. 2) (L. Sun & S. Bryant, Trans.). Royal Collins Publishing Group.Send us Fan Mail Musis by Bitterlake, Used with Permission, all rights to BitterlakeSupport the showCrew:Host: C. Derick VarnIntro and Outro Music by Bitter Lake.Intro Video Design: Jason MylesArt Design: Corn and C. Derick VarnLinks and Social Media:twitter: @varnvlogblue sky: @varnvlog.bsky.socialYou can find the additional streams on YoutubeCurrent Patreon at the Sponsor Tier: Jordan Sheldon, Mark J. Matthews, Lindsay Kimbrough, RedWolf, DRV, Kenneth McKee, JY Chan, Matthew Monahan, Parzival, Adriel Mixon, Buddy Roark, Daniel Petrovic,Julian, Drea, Free Beer 

Did the Aztecs have a concept of virtue? In this episode, we dive into a lively scholarly debate over the Nawatl phrase kwalli and yektli ("good" and "right") and whether it can properly be translated as "virtue." Examining colonial dictionaries, the Florentine Codex, the Wewetlahtolli, and the work of scholars from the sixteenth century to today, we explore the evidence for a distinctly Nawa ethical tradition. Along the way, we discuss the challenges of translating Indigenous philosophies and why understanding concepts, not just individual words, is essential to appreciating Nawatl thought.Sources:Anderson, Arthur J. O., and Charles E. Dibble, eds. and trans. Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain. 13 vols. Santa Fe: School of American Research and University of Utah, 1950–1982.Berdan, Frances F. "Concepts of Ethnicity and Class in Aztec-Period Mexico." In Ethnic Identity in Nahua Mesoamerica: The View from Archaeology, Art History, Ethnohistory, and Contemporary Ethnography, by Frances F. Berdan, John K. Chance, Alan R. Sandstrom, Barbara L. Stark, James M. Taggart, and Emily Umberger, 105–132. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 2008.Carochi, Horacio. Arte de la Lengua Mexicana con la Declaración de los Adverbios Della. Mexico City: Juan Ruyz, 1645.Clavijero, Francisco Javier. Arte de la Lengua Mexicana. Puebla: Imprenta del Real Seminario Palafoxiano, 1754.González González, Osiris. Tlamatiliztli: La sabiduría del pueblo nahua. Filosofía intercultural y derecho a la tierra (México). Archaeological Studies Leiden University. Leiden: Leiden University Press, 2024.Maffie, James. Aztec Philosophy: Understanding a World in Motion. Boulder: University Press of Colorado, 2014.Madajczak, Julia. Review of Discourses of the Elders: The Aztec Huehuetlatolli: A First English Translation, by Sebastian Purcell. Inter-American Journal of Philosophy 15, no. 1 (2024): 42–48. Molina, Alonso de. Vocabulario en Lengua Castellana y Mexicana y Mexicana y Castellana. Mexico City: Antonio de Spinosa, 1571.Purcell, Sebastian. Discourses of the Elders: The Aztec Huehuetlahtolli, a First English Translation. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2025.Sahagún, Bernardino de. Primeros Memoriales. Edited and translated by Thelma D. Sullivan. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1997.Siméon, Rémi. Diccionario de la lengua náhuatl o mexicana. 13th ed. Mexico City: Siglo XXI Editores, 1997.Townsend, Camilla. Review of Discourses of the Elders: The Aztec Huehuetlahtolli, a First English Translation, by Sebastian Purcell. Ethnohistory 72, no. 1 (2025): 181–183.listener comments? Feedback? Shoot us a text!Use the promo code “KURLY” in the "How did you hear about this adventure?" field when you sign up for a $200 discount.Visit skeptoid.com/adventures to learn more and reserve your spot. I hope you'll join me this December as we explore the mysteries of the Maya together. This December, I'll be joining Skeptoid Adventures as your guide for The Mysteries of the Maya, where we'll travel through the Yucatán exploring remarkable archaeological sites, uncovering the real history behind the Maya civilization, and separating fact from fiction along the way. To reserve your spot, all you need is a fully refundable $500 deposit. Your deposit is refundable through August 1, so you can reserve your place with confidence. After Au Support the showOrder "NEVER WILL IT BE LOST" and get $5 off!Support Lignum: A Cultural Haven in MéridaYour Hosts:Kurly Tlapoyawa is an archaeologist, ethnohistorian, and filmmaker. His research covers Mesoamerica, the American Southwest, and the historical connections between the two regions. He is the author of numerous books and has presented lectures at the University of New Mexico, Harvard University, Yale University, San Diego State University, and numerous others. He most recently released his documentary short film "Guardians of the Purple Kingdom," and is a cultural consultant for Nickelodeon Animation Studios.@kurlytlapoyawaRuben Arellano Tlakatekatl is a scholar, activist, and professor of history. His research explores Chicana/Chicano indigeneity, Mexican indigenist nationalism, and Coahuiltecan identity resurgence. Other areas of research include Aztlan (US Southwest), Anawak (Mesoamerica), and Native North America. He has presented and published widely on these topics and has taught courses at various institutions. He currently teaches history at Dallas College – Mountain View Campus. Find us: Bluesky...

Caller Questions & Discussion: Chris discusses Proverbs 3:5-6 and Psalm 37:3. The principles in these passages have helped Chris guide his boys. When we curate God's goodness, it helps us see the things that truly matter. Trust God, and do good. I've had some hurts, habits, and hang-ups over the years. I don't want to think about the past or return to it because I've struggled with drug abuse and toxic relationships. What are my options in my marriage with no intimacy and my husband having an emotional affair? He has a friendship with a married woman who is half his age. But I had a one-night stand. It's been 8 years since my daughter has talked to me. She is living on the streets after 8 years in the military, and she might be using drugs. Should I pursue her, or leave it in the Lord's hands? I've been living with a man for 20 years, and he lets his daughter dictate the relationship. His daughter doesn't like me, and he puts his family before me.

In this episode of the Explaining History Podcast, we explore the complex dynamics of the Mesopotamian campaign during the First World War – where subject peoples, caught between the collapsing Ottoman Empire and the advancing British, navigated their loyalties with survival in mind.**Drawing on Eugene Rogan's masterful *The Fall of the Ottomans*, we examine the Arab rebellions that erupted in the Middle Euphrates region in 1915. The Ottomans, desperate to hold their empire together, attempted to enforce conscription among their Arab subjects – many of whom had no desire to die in a war they had not chosen. When Ottoman authorities clamped down on deserters, the shrine cities of Najaf and Karbala exploded in rebellion.The rebellion was not nationalist in the modern sense. The rebels did not seek independence; they sought autonomy from a distant Ottoman state that was extracting their young men and disrupting their lives. In Najaf, deserters holed up in the shrine city. When Ottoman soldiers violated local customs by searching under women's veils, the townspeople turned against them. The rebellion spread to Karbala, Al-Hilla, Samawah, and other towns, with rebels burning government buildings, destroying records, and driving Ottoman soldiers out.As the British advanced up the Tigris and Euphrates, local populations made pragmatic choices. Arab villages flew white flags to welcome the new conquerors. The Ottomans, meanwhile, faced a collapse of morale that led to mass surrenders – including at the town of Amara, where a single British steamer with a crew of eight sailors accepted the surrender of hundreds of Ottoman troops.We also explore the divided loyalties of figures like Ali Djaoudat, an Iraqi Arab officer who had served the Ottomans loyally but secretly sympathised with the Arab autonomy movement. His capture by British forces – after being ambushed by Bedouin tribesmen who had turned against the Ottomans – illustrates the complexity of the situation.**Topics covered:**- Eugene Rogan's *The Fall of the Ottomans*- Ottoman conscription and desertion in Mesopotamia- The Najaf rebellion of May 1915- The Karbala uprising and its spread- The collapse of Ottoman morale- The British advance and "Townsend's Regatta"- The surrender at Amara- The divided loyalties of Arab officers- Robert Fisk's "Lord Blair of Kut" comment- The experience of colonised peoples between two empires---*Eugene Rogan's *The Fall of the Ottomans* is available from all good bookshops. Please consider buying from an independent retailer.**If you enjoy the podcast, please consider supporting us – we are migrating from Patreon to Substack. Details in the show notes.*Explaining History helps you understand the 20th Century through critical conversations and expert interviews. We connect the past to the present. If you enjoy the show, please subscribe and share.▸ Support the Show & Get Exclusive ContentBecome a Patron: patreon.com/explaininghistory▸ Join the Community & Continue the ConversationFacebook Group: facebook.com/groups/ExplainingHistoryPodcastSubstack: theexplaininghistorypodcast.substack.com▸ Read Articles & Go DeeperWebsite: explaininghistory.org Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Caller Questions & Discussion: JJ shares how he recently came home from a trip and discovered an ominous smell in his fridge coming from old food. He reflects on how, so often in life, things are rotting. Sometimes we have habits that grow stale; other times we have relationships that are developing unhealthy patterns. My 33-year-old daughter is isolated and deeply focused on her desire to marry and have children, often to the point of asking partners for marriage after only a month of dating. How do I help her navigate these relationship challenges? My 16-year-old son is in a relationship, and his girlfriend has borderline personality disorder. What advice do you have as I help guide my son through this situation? Recently, I walked into the bathroom and my daughter was there undressing in front of her 8-year-old son. When I asked about this, she said she wanted to undress to demystify it for kids. Should her son be seeing that? How do I resolve a disagreement with my brother-in-law after I put up boundaries? I went to stay with him to help him recover from surgery, and we had a disagreement over the fan.

In this episode Susan is joined again by her friend, Rashel Townsend!Susan and Rashel explore the topic of Order vs. Chaos as it relates to the heart… What are the characteristics of an ordered heart? What about a chaotic heart? How does each one affect us and those around us?The two of them share personal struggles and practical ways we can begin bringing more order into our lives. And we're not talking about organizing the pantry—we're talking about allowing God to redirect us when we've gone astray…

On this episode of The Team Chip Podcast, Chip and Glyn Ann Townsend share practical ways to help new students feel comfortable from the moment they walk through the door. From creating a welcoming first impression to building early confidence and connecting with parents, this episode is full of simple strategies that improve retention and help new families feel like they belong from day one.

Caller Questions & Discussion: Marc shares about some of the challenges he faced growing up in London during his childhood in government housing, where he experienced violence. He asks: What's the part of your life you've been hoping would be left behind, but you know you're still carrying with you today? I'm divorced from my husband, who was abusive and is a pastor. Since I covered up the abuse, no one believes me. I was even told in a church that I had a Jezebel spirit. How do I deal with this pain and begin healing? I'm a long-time listener, and my husband went to Every Man's Battle a few months ago. He returned a hopeful man. My heart is full, and I want to thank you! My dad passed away, and my stepmom took in my 22-year-old nephew who has bipolar disorder and was using drugs. I'm now caring for my stepmom as she gets older, and I told my nephew his pregnant girlfriend couldn’t move in. If my stepmom lets him move back in, I’m afraid for my safety. He's very angry, and my stepmom says he might hurt me. To your previous caller, my brother has bipolar disorder and has been violent. He has housing. If the caller goes to the Department of Social Services, he might be able to receive benefits.

The Townsend Plan and the Radio Priest Guest: David Pietrusza Book Title: Roosevelt Sweeps Nation: FDR's 1936 Landslide and the Triumph of the Liberal Ideal Two unconventional figures heavily influenced Roosevelt's 1936 strategy: Dr. Francis Townsend and Father Charles Coughlin. Townsend, a physician, gained a massive following with his plan to provide $200 a month to everyone over 60, provided they retired and spent the money within 30 days. Though Roosevelt initially disliked the idea of "government checks," the political pressure from Townsend Clubs forced his hand. Consequently, Social Security was introduced largely as a reactive measure to neutralize Townsend's momentum. Meanwhile, Father Coughlin, a Canadian-born Roman Catholic priest, became a radio sensation with a voice that rivaled Roosevelt's for intimacy and warmth. Initially a supporter who coined the phrase "Roosevelt or Ruin," Coughlin turned against the President when he felt his influence on monetary policy was ignored. In a surreal meeting arranged by Joseph P. Kennedy at Hyde Park in September 1935 — the morning after Huey Long's death — Coughlin and FDR spent six hours conferring. The meeting failed to reconcile them, and Coughlin soon teamed up with Townsend and Gerald L.K. Smith to form the Union Party. They nominated Congressman William Lemke to run for president, hoping to force the election into the House of Representatives. However, as political amateurs, they struggled to even get on the ballot in major states like New York or California, ultimately failing to derail the Roosevelt machine. (3)

Welcome to Whiskey Ginger a Wave series presented by Fanduel. Andrew Santino sits down with rising comedian Zac Townsend for a hilarious conversation about stand-up, touring, life on the road, internet fame, writing jokes, and all the ridiculous moments that come with trying to make people laugh for a living. Zac shares stories from his rapid rise through the comedy world, what it's like building an audience online while sharpening his act on stage, and why the best comedians never stop chasing the next laugh. From awkward gigs to wild road stories, Santino and Zac bounce between honest comedy talk and complete nonsense in the best possible way. Check out Zac's tour dates and upcoming shows: https://www.punchup.live/zactownsend Follow Zac Townsend: https://www.instagram.com/zactownsend_ Follow Andrew Santino: https://www.instagram.com/cheetosantino Follow Whiskey Ginger: https://instagram.com/whiskeygingerpodcast

Caller Questions & Discussion: Dr. Sheri explains how co-regulation is experienced as we share our story or become a safe place for others to share. When we share what’s really going on, we regulate our nervous system, reduce isolation, build emotional intimacy, and discover our feelings. I've struggled with anxiety and fear for six years after I started having intense dreams. When I tried pastoral counseling and a 12-step group, it was difficult to open up around men. What direction do I take next? Is our mom continuing to be over-critical and demeaning, or is she struggling with dementia? She falsely accused a caregiver of stealing something. My two older children and their spouses are prodigals. What can I tell myself to calm down? For example, if I hear the pastor mention prodigals in church, I start crying because I think about what might happen to them if they don't come back to the Lord.

Here's another topic that Preacher Man drops on Townsend while live on the microphone. We pray that God uses this week's episode to encourage someone out there in Listener Land and that the things we share here remind you that God's directing your steps each day. We Love Y'all!Got a question you want answered or a topic you'd like to hear Townsend andPreacher Man muse on? Let them know at mtpm.podcast@gmail.com !Intro music: "Royalty Free Music from Bensound" 

Caller Questions & Discussion: Dr. Jill discusses how a bench she had was worn down by water dripping over time. Unfortunately, her dad sat on it and fell. She asks, “What pours into your life? What's the constant drip in the back of your mind? Are they negative thoughts?” I've suffered with depression for 14 years and have tried to commit suicide 11 times. What can we do to help my 11-year-old daughter who has autism and ADHD? She gets anxious because she thinks everything that goes wrong is her fault. How do I get past a heavy emotional event in my family? I adopted my 2-month-old nephew, who was severely abused and had more than 15 broken bones. It hurts me to hear my siblings say I adopted him because I messed up with my own kids. How do I get my family to acknowledge my difficulties living with a husband who has ADD? He emptied our savings account and deposited $14K into a bitcoin machine as part of a scam.

Zane is fresh off a trip to PPA Tokyo and lands straight in Grand Rapids for the Beer City Open / MLP Mid-Season Tournament — so he and Nico have a lot to cover. They break down the mysterious dueling "Team USA" pickleball announcements, preview Match Day prop bets for the Beer City Open, draft the most Silent Assassins in an MLP-style event, and dig into Jay Devilliers' surprise move to the APP Tour ahead of a wave of expiring PPA contracts. Plus: Zane's Tokyo recap (sumo wrestling included), MLP trade deadline predictions, and a new Guess My Duper.

Caller Questions & Discussion: Dr. Jim discusses a conversation he had with Dr. Neil Clark Warren, founder of eHarmony, who said that if he could give one gift to every couple on their wedding day, he’d give them the gift of “adaptability” because you have to adapt to your spouse’s differences. Ask yourself if the difference really matters. Should I step back and ignore it when my husband of 30 years, who’s a believer, swears and calls people names? It really bothers me, and I don’t know what I should do. I have an adult son that was born after 15 miscarriages; he thinks he has mild autism. Since his dad left and divorced me, my son stopped talking to me. My son has a new girlfriend and baby. He was excited because he wanted me to be involved. But after the baby was born in May, he told me he didn’t want me or his sister in his life.

Caller Questions & Discussion: Chris discusses how fear can drive us in the wrong direction. It moves us away from facing the reality of the uncomfortable life we experience here on earth. Suffering is one way God uses to form us. My 6-year-old grandson might have ADHD; yesterday, he threw a brick at the dog. What should my daughter and son-in-law do? Our 18-year-old son was brought up as a Christian and taught to honor Israel. In family circles, he talks negatively about Jews. How do we have a conversation with him about this? My mom passed away from alcoholism, and my dad continues to struggle with alcoholism. He's frustrated with me because I've been at a dead-end job for 10 years, and he has had to help support me in the past. Should I stop trying to reach my ideal career and pursue a career that is closer to what I'm doing now, like nursing? My 14-year-old autistic grandson is struggling to fit in. He has been very disrespectful toward me and misunderstood what I said to him. Am I handling this the right way?

Caller Questions & Discussion: Dr. Lee Warren, a neurosurgeon, shares how he served in the Iraq War, came home with PTSD, and lost his 19-year-old son to a crime that was never solved. He later saw a live brain scan of a woman who was asked to think different things, and he could see her brain react. He was able to make a shift in his own thoughts to heal his brain from trauma. What’s the difference between the mind and the brain? Can self-brain surgery help people who are facing chronic pain or emotional wounds to reduce suffering and develop brain resilience? Could you elaborate on Alzheimer's and any possibility of preventing it? What is the compatibility of science and faith?

Caller Questions & Discussion: Marc shares some things that couples can do to make a simple shift to transform their marriage. For every negative, you need at least five positive comments or interactions to balance it out. Pray every night, even if it's a simple prayer. How can I represent Christ well as a female business owner? I run a business out of my home, and I always practice evangelism. As a female designer, it's very interesting to see what God wants me to do in the fashion industry. My 17-year-old daughter sent me an email, telling me that she is non-binary. How do I respond that God created her as a female without making it seem like I don't know what she is going through? I’m dating a Christian lady I want to marry, but she just wants to be friends. She takes care of her needy adult son, and I'm afraid she would choose him over me. What do I do?

Two episodes. In a row. Feel free to send your thanks and congratulations to our email address. ;)Today's topic comes on the heels of some personal pondering that Preacher Man has been working through and just so happens to fit alongside what Townsend wanted to muse about herself. So, pull up a seat and listen to God encourage you through the "distractions" that you face each day.Got a question you want answered or a topic you'd like to hear Townsend andPreacher Man muse on? Let them know at mtpm.podcast@gmail.com !Intro music: "Royalty Free Music from Bensound" 

Caller Questions & Discussion: Dr. John Townsend discusses the three programs at Townsend Institute for Leadership and Counseling, which are designed for people who work full time. My 12-step group has been studying Boundaries for 6 years; what is the best book for our next group study? Last night my 18-year-old son confessed that he’s addicted to porn and contacted a prostitute and I don’t know how to help him. I caught my 20-year-old daughter trying to sneak out the window at night to be with her boyfriend. Should we confront her? My 59-year-old sister tried to commit suicide on Saturday. It was her first attempt, but she’s wreaked havoc in our family forever by disrupting events and gatherings, and she has been in and out of rehab. How can I set boundaries and help the family? My 39-year-old son was diagnosed with bipolar, and he has kids. He and his wife can be moody, and manipulative; it’s hard to navigate the relationship. How do we stay connected so we can be in their lives?

Caller Questions & Discussion: Becky shares that many of us aren't truly free, but there are steps we can take to declare our independence and move toward freedom spiritually, emotionally, and mentally. How can I help my adult children reconcile with each other? My daughter told my daughter-in-law every hurt she’d ever caused, and my daughter-in-law called me and yelled at me. I'm in ministry and find myself dealing with people who are on medication for anxiety and depression. When do we trust medication more than we trust the Lord? A lot of our arguments as a couple are because we each have different perspectives. My daughter discovered that her fiancé was texting their mutual female friend inappropriately.

It's the Wimbledon 2026 1st Round Show. We'll cover all of the following: Ben Shelton's gutting 5th-set tiebreak loss to Otto Virtanen, Serena Williams' comeback effort--- a loss to Maya Joint. Jannik Sinner found himself down 2-1, but survivied Miomir Kecmanovic. Novak Djokovic came through a high-quality battle with Yibing Wu, and more! 0:00 Intro 1:20 Virtanen d. Shelton 17:19 Joint d. Serena 29:49 Sinner d. Kecmanovic 36:10 Draper Withdrawal 38:10 Djokovic d. Wu 42:45 Mensik d. Samuel 46:12 Swiatek d. Townsend 47:52 Saffiulin d. Rublev IG: https://www.instagram.com/gillgross_/TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@gill.gross24/7 Tennis Community on Tribe: https://tribechat.com/gillTwitter/X: https://twitter.com/Gill_GrossThe Draw newsletter, your one-stop-shop for the best tennis content on the internet every week: https://www.thedraw.tennis/subscribeBecome a member to support the channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCvERpLl9dXH09fuNdbyiLQQ/joinEvans Brothers Coffee Roasters, the Official Coffee Of Monday Match Analysis... use code GILLGROSS25 for 25% off your first order: https://evansbrotherscoffee.com/collections/coffeeAUDIO PODCAST FEEDSSpotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/5c3VXnLDVVgLfZuGk3yxIF?si=AQy9oRlZTACoGr5XS3s_ygItunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/monday-match-analysis/id1432259450?mt=2 Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Caller Questions & Discussion: Dr. Jill shares the story of a wedding she went to over the weekend of a couple who had wandered away from their faith and families. If you're a parent, remember that God is still at work in your child's life. What can I do if I have a hard time making medical and dental appointments? Feelings from my past sexual assault keep coming up. My husband went on a train trip for four days and I struggled with being alone at night. How can I prepare to be alone when my husband dies? I have a friend who's an atheist. How can I be a blessing to him?

Caller Questions & Discussion: Dr. Alice shares three effective ways parents can help children develop self-control, especially with technology. “My 34-year-old son is a Christian, but he is in a relationship with a girl who is Jewish and is not a believer.” “I just had a baby and we’ve started setting healthier boundaries with my husband’s parents. We told them not to come to the hospital for the birth, but they did.”

Caller Questions & Discussion: Dr. Jim discusses relationships that derail because of conflict. The conflict dance starts with tension, and can spiral downward with defensiveness, or it can be positive by going to “we” and leading to connection. Do you think it would be helpful if callers asking for advice would start with repentance? My brother is a bully and I set boundaries at a family gathering. How long do I wait for him to respond so we can have a better relationship? My husband is my 22-year-old son's stepdad. How can I help heal their relationship after my husband made remarks that hurt my son? How do I handle a conversation with my alcoholic sister who says she is sober, but she sounds drunk and talking cuckoo?

Caller Questions & Discussion: Dr. Jim talks about creating a media-safe home. Is technology use, especially social media, bringing your family closer together or farther apart? I have two estranged adult kids. I set some boundaries and now I can't see my grandkids. Should I try to make amends with them? My fiancée's brother is a drug and alcohol abuser, he is in and out of rehab and won't get help for his mental issues. His mother enables him; how can my fiancée talk to her about it? Recently my wife left me while I was out of the country and served me with divorce papers. In the past I betrayed her and went to Every Man's Battle; is it too late to pursue her to reconsider the divorce? Is there hope for my daughter to cope with her verbally abusive ex on a court-appointed parenting app? The app isn't monitored, so he just says whatever he wants, and she has constant PTSD from his abuse.

Caller Questions & Discussion: Dr. Jacqui encourages us that it’s not too late to start over again when you’re older. Some of the teachings in our new church make me uneasy and anxious; my 20-year-old daughter is dating the pastor’s son. Is my issue with the church or with me letting go of my daughter? How does one move from shame and guilt over past mistakes? How do I accept my 5-month separation that may be headed to divorce? We have only been married four years. I had childhood abuse, and my wife was bounced between 40 foster homes in her youth. Would counseling or coaching be the better fit for parents of an adult child who is neurodivergent?

Golden-cheeked Warblers, Black-throated Green Warblers, Townsend's Warblers, and Hermit Warblers share similar songs and plumage. Though they all breed in different areas of North America, they can often be found flocking together on wintering grounds in Central America. Genetic studies have confirmed what their family resemblance suggests: these four warblers are closely related and likely shared a common ancestor before the last Ice Age. And as sister species often do, they all put a unique twist on that bright, buzzy song. More info and transcript at BirdNote.org. Want more BirdNote? Subscribe to our weekly newsletter. Sign up for BirdNote+ to get ad-free listening and other perks.  BirdNote is a nonprofit. Your tax-deductible gift makes these shows possible.   Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.