Technologist, author, and public domain advocate
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En 1875, el escocés James Maxwell publicó su teoría sobre las ondas magnéticas pilar fundamental para la invención de la radio. Tres años más tarde, en 1888, el alemán Heinrich Hertz crea el primer detector y transmisor de ondas electromagnéticas En mil 1895, Guglielmo Marconi, italiano, inventa el primer receptor de ondas hertzianas. Aleksandr Popov, científico ruso, inventa la primera antena electromagnética en 1896 Un año después, en 1897, el serbio Nikola Tesla presenta la patente para el primer radiotransmisor Es el año de 1899 y el italiano Guglielmo Marconi realiza la primera transmisión de país a país, de Inglaterra a Francia. Un año más tarde, en 1900, el canadiense Reginald Fessenden, realiza la primera emisión radiofónica desde Massachusetts Llega la I Guerra Mundial y en 1914 la radio se utiliza como elemento comunicativo entre los ejércitos Para 1922, el inglés John Reith funda en Londres, la BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation) En 1927, el norteamericano George Frost inventa la primera radio diseñada para utilizarse en un automóvil Es en 1933 cuando otro norteamericano, Edwin Amstrong, inventa la emisión de radio en F.M. la conocida frecuencia modulada. En 1946 se realiza un evento trascendental; O.N.U., realiza su primera emisión radial un 13 de febrero, instituyéndose a partir de ese día, el día mundial de La Radio. Llega el año de 1948 y con él el transistor básico para el radio portátil, una invención del estadounidense William Shockley. Para 1963, el también norteamericano John Robinson Pierce propone su teoría de los tubos de ondas progresivas haciendo posible con ello, la radio satelital. 30 años después,1993 el estadounidense Carl Malamud, inventa la radio por internet, tan usual en nuestros tiempos. En el 2001, hace casi un cuarto de siglo, el norteamericano Dave Winer prueba el concepto de podcast en su blog de Radio Userland. Cerramos este recorrido donde conocimos a algunos de quienes hicieron posible la radio, con una frase del locutor argentino Héctor Larrea: “... nada me abrió los brazos, nada me hizo pasear el alma, nadie me mimó y nada me dio todo lo que la radio me ofreció.”
This week, we talk to Carl Malamud, heralded as "The Father of Internet Radio". We trace Carl's journey from the early buzz of bulletin board systems to setting up the first-ever Internet radio station back in 1992. Carl shares tales from the creation of his flagship show "Geek of The Week," where Internet legends like Tim Berners-Lee took the mic, to orchestrating the monumental Internet 1996 World Exposition, a digital World's Fair that connected millions globally. Internet Talk Radio Archives: https://archive.org/details/RT-FM Public.Resource.Org: https://public.resource.org/ Bangalore Literature Festival: https://archive.org/details/bangalore.literature.festival.2023 Internet Talk Radio on Computer Chronicles: https://youtu.be/U_o8gerare0?si=IciilvN84v4DpYqY&t=1027 Contents: 00:00 - The Week's Retro News Stories 49:05 - Carl Malamud Interview Please visit our amazing sponsors and help to support the show: Bitmap Books https://www.bitmapbooks.com/ We need your help to ensure the future of the podcast, if you'd like to help us with running costs, equipment and hosting, please consider supporting us on Patreon: https://theretrohour.com/support/ https://www.patreon.com/retrohour Get your Retro Hour merchandise: https://bit.ly/33OWBKd Join our Discord channel: https://discord.gg/GQw8qp8 Website: http://theretrohour.com Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/theretrohour/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/retrohouruk Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/retrohouruk/ Twitch: https://www.twitch.tv/theretrohour Show notes: Amstrad's Return Under Lord Alan Sugar: https://tinyurl.com/2kerma83 Atari 2600 Movie Experience: https://tinyurl.com/2vna892p Indie Game Thunder Helix Pays Homage to Classics: https://tinyurl.com/2s4jdjz6 Jeff Minter's Interactive Documentary Preview: https://tinyurl.com/4wxrrybm Unearthed Time Splitters 4 Prototype: https://tinyurl.com/3ustfvwh
Listen closely for The Phipps Certification, and you'll also get news about 3D printing, AlmaLinux, a big EFF win, spyware in new cars and other hot topics on a table surrounded by Simon Phipps, Jonathan Bennett, Shawn Powers, and Doc Searls. Carl Malamud's fight to make the law open to citizens through his non-profit Public Resource. How 3D printing is transforming open hardware through the sharing of designs Mozilla's report on modern vehicles collecting and sharing personal data. Using Pi-hole to block intrusive ad tracking and surveillance on home networks. Hosts: Doc Searls, Simon Phipps, Jonathan Bennett, and Shawn Powers Download or subscribe to this show at https://twit.tv/shows/floss-weekly Think your open source project should be on FLOSS Weekly? Email floss@twit.tv. Thanks to Lullabot's Jeff Robbins, web designer and musician, for our theme music. Get episodes ad-free with Club TWiT at https://twit.tv/clubtwit Sponsors: GO.ACILEARNING.COM/TWIT bitwarden.com/twit
Listen closely for The Phipps Certification, and you'll also get news about 3D printing, Alma Linux, a big EFF win, spyware in new cars and other hot topics on a table surrounded by Simon Phipps, Jonathan Bennett, Shawn Powers, and Doc Searls. Carl Malamud's fight to make the law open to citizens through his non-profit Public Resource. How 3D printing is transforming open hardware through the sharing of designs Mozilla's report on modern vehicles collecting and sharing personal data. Using Pi-hole to block intrusive ad tracking and surveillance on home networks. Hosts: Doc Searls, Simon Phipps, Jonathan Bennett, and Shawn Powers Download or subscribe to this show at https://twit.tv/shows/floss-weekly Think your open source project should be on FLOSS Weekly? Email floss@twit.tv. Thanks to Lullabot's Jeff Robbins, web designer and musician, for our theme music. Get episodes ad-free with Club TWiT at https://twit.tv/clubtwit Sponsors: GO.ACILEARNING.COM/TWIT bitwarden.com/twit
Listen closely for The Phipps Certification, and you'll also get news about 3D printing, AlmaLinux, a big EFF win, spyware in new cars and other hot topics on a table surrounded by Simon Phipps, Jonathan Bennett, Shawn Powers, and Doc Searls. Carl Malamud's fight to make the law open to citizens through his non-profit Public Resource. How 3D printing is transforming open hardware through the sharing of designs Mozilla's report on modern vehicles collecting and sharing personal data. Using Pi-hole to block intrusive ad tracking and surveillance on home networks. Hosts: Doc Searls, Simon Phipps, Jonathan Bennett, and Shawn Powers Download or subscribe to this show at https://twit.tv/shows/floss-weekly Think your open source project should be on FLOSS Weekly? Email floss@twit.tv. Thanks to Lullabot's Jeff Robbins, web designer and musician, for our theme music. Get episodes ad-free with Club TWiT at https://twit.tv/clubtwit Sponsors: GO.ACILEARNING.COM/TWIT bitwarden.com/twit
Listen closely for The Phipps Certification, and you'll also get news about 3D printing, Alma Linux, a big EFF win, spyware in new cars and other hot topics on a table surrounded by Simon Phipps, Jonathan Bennett, Shawn Powers, and Doc Searls. Carl Malamud's fight to make the law open to citizens through his non-profit Public Resource. How 3D printing is transforming open hardware through the sharing of designs Mozilla's report on modern vehicles collecting and sharing personal data. Using Pi-hole to block intrusive ad tracking and surveillance on home networks. Hosts: Doc Searls, Simon Phipps, Jonathan Bennett, and Shawn Powers Download or subscribe to this show at https://twit.tv/shows/floss-weekly Think your open source project should be on FLOSS Weekly? Email floss@twit.tv. Thanks to Lullabot's Jeff Robbins, web designer and musician, for our theme music. Get episodes ad-free with Club TWiT at https://twit.tv/clubtwit Sponsors: GO.ACILEARNING.COM/TWIT bitwarden.com/twit
We do the closest thing to a bonus episode. We get meta: lifting the veil on how we do the podcast, what we listen to, and the friends we've made along the way. Also lots of copyright, AI, and Georges Bataille. Media mentioned https://www.techdirt.com/2023/08/08/the-fear-of-ai-just-killed-a-very-useful-tool/ https://blog.shaxpir.com/taking-down-prosecraft-io-37e189797121 FSCI event: https://semanticclimate.org/p/en/events/fsci2023_event/ Carl Malamud corpus: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-02895-8 https://trashfuturepodcast.podbean.com/e/wet-tyrant-contest-feat-patrick-wyman/ https://tendersubjectpod.podbean.com/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Story_of_the_Eye Acid Horizon episodes https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/georges-bataille-sustainability-and-climate-change/id1512615438?i=1000623479739 https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/georges-bataille-sustainability-and-climate-change/id1512615438?i=1000623904471 Stuart Kindall biography on Bataille https://www.amazon.com/Georges-Bataille-Critical-Stuart-Kendall/dp/1861893272/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingchi Cargo Cult podcast https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/cargo-cult/id1687043930 Good Omens https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1869454/
No one has worked harder, worked longer or had more success at the cause of making government information accessible to the public than Carl Malamud and his organization Public.Resource.Org. From putting the SEC's EDGAR database online in 1993 – effectively shaming the SEC into putting it online itself two years later – to his 2020 U.S. Supreme Court victory defeating the state of Georgia's claim of copyright in its official legislative code, to his 2022 federal court win allowing him to publish private-industry technical standards that are incorporated by reference into thousands of federal, state and local laws, Malamud has devoted his career to freeing the law. On this episode of LawNext, Malamud joins host Bob Ambrogi to recap some of the significant milestones of his more-than 30-years of battling government bureaucracies. Among the topics they discuss: how his 1993 publication of the SEC's EDGAR database on the Internet became a turning point for government information online; how his work with Aaron Swartz – the younger computer programmer who later killed himself after being indicted by the U.S. attorney – and other to open access to PACER documents led to creation of the RECAP database of free PACER filings; how his publication of Georgia's official legislative code led to a watershed Supreme Court ruling; and why, in recent years, he has turned his attention to India, of which he said, “If there is to be a revolution in access to knowledge, it has to be in India.” Thank You To Our Sponsors This episode of LawNext is generously made possible by our sponsors. We appreciate their support and hope you will check them out. Paradigm, home to the practice management platforms PracticePanther, Bill4Time, and MerusCase, and e-payments platform Headnote. If you enjoy listening to LawNext, please leave us a review wherever you listen to podcasts.
Listeners know that we love asking our guests to pull out their crystal ball and tell us about the future. Joseph Raczynski is a futurist who works with Thomson Reuters, so he came prepared with a crystal ball ready to answer our questions on what the future has in store for the legal industry. We even get into the “red pill”, “blue pill” Matrix when it comes to how AI and emerging tech can go for good, or for evil. Joe gives us a peek into a future where some estimated 85% of the jobs of 2030 don't exist today. While that might sound a bit scary to most of us, this futurist says there will be plenty of new opportunities emerging for those ready to take on a more decentralized world. Links for more information: Joe's Blog Site Personal Site Twitter Images of the Future Worlds Facing the Legal Industry Information Inspirations Tim Corcoran's “When and Why Clients Hire Consultants” walks through four reasons organizations hire consultants. If you are wondering if you may need a consultant, this article is a must-read. Carl Malamud and Public Resource.org may be setting their sites on another government publication which states are claiming copyright. This time it is Jury Instructions in Minnesota. Speaking of courts, Paul Hastings has a nice database tracking the status of courts across the United States during the pandemic. Share with a friend If you like what you hear, please share the podcast with a friend or colleague. Contact Us Twitter: @gebauerm or @glambert. Voicemail: 713-487-7270 Email: geekinreviewpodcast@gmail.com. As always, the great music you hear on the podcast is from Jerry David DeCicca who has a new album coming out in October! A transcript is available on 3 Geeks' site.
As much as we complain about the PACER federal dockets, it pales in comparison to most of the state court docket systems when it comes to tracking and searching cases at the state and local levels. Josh Blandi, the co-founder, and CEO of Unicourt is leveraging APIs and normalizing court data across multiple state and local courts to help clean up the data and make searching and tracking better. Josh joins us to discuss how they are gathering the information, the roadblocks that state courts and the private companies they contract with throw up to restrict data, and some new advancements in Unicourt's APIs that link multiple pieces of data to allow for better analytics. We also discuss the collaboration between companies like Justia, Fastcase, and others to pool their resources and reduce the overall costs of accessing the very expensive data that courts produce. One other side project Josh is doing with Public.Resources' Carl Malamud is the Code Improvement Commission GitHub where they are posting the state statutes for Georgia, Tennessee, and other states for anyone to download and use without any copyright or licensing restrictions. Information Inspiration Rocket Lawyer just announced that they will be testing the sandbox of non-lawyer ownership in Arizona. Rocket Lawyer already established such an operation in the UK and in Utah, and they and eight other companies have applied to the Arizona Supreme Court for their approval to start operations there with the goal of providing legal services for less than the price of hiring an attorney. Eyes are moving over to California now to see if they are the next state to create a sandbox for companies to provide alternative legal services. The legal job market is hot! Leopard Solutions released a report showing that there are almost 8,300 open and available attorney jobs in the 1,000+ law firms they are tracking. Recruiters are overloaded with opportunities, so if you have a decent practice, expect some calls. We speculate that the same is going on for many of the law firm support positions. There's going to be a lot of movement over the next year. Listen, Subscribe, Comment Please take the time to rate and review us on Apple Podcast. Contact us anytime by tweeting us at @gebauerm or @glambert. Or, you can call The Geek in Review hotline at 713-487-7270 and leave us a message. You can email us at geekinreviewpodcast@gmail.com. As always, the great music you hear on the podcast is from Jerry David DeCicca.
My Fellow Americans: The Inaugural Addresses of the U.S. Presidents
John Quincy Adams delivered his inaugural address on March 4th, 1825. Read by Carl Malamud (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Malamud), president and founder of Public.Resource.Org. Like his father, John Adams, JQA served a single term. This presidential election saw four different candidates run, including Henry Clay (one of the front-runners who later supported JQA's run) and Andrew Jackson (who called Clay's support a “corrupt bargain” after Clay was named Secretary of Sate). JQA would lose his 2nd run to Andrew Jackson, the first president not be a Founding Father, or related to one. The cover art is an 1858 portrait of John Quincy Adams by George Peter Alexander Healy. You can get a copy of My Fellow Americans here: Pay-What-You-Want: https://gumroad.com/l/myfellowamericans Kindle ($4.99): https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09DXN4KTM Apple Books ($4.99): https://books.apple.com/us/book/my-fellow-americans/id1540137345 Librecron ($4.99): https://librecron.com/products/my-fellow-americans_yuvraj-singh
Carl Malamud is credited with having one of the very first streaming internet talk radio shows, “Geek of the Week,” beginning in 1993. And because it was available for download, too, it’s considered a proto-podcast. Carl joins us this week to dig into this early history of internet radio, recounting how his efforts quickly snowballed […] The post Podcast #272 – ‘Geek of the Week’ and the Beginning of Internet Radio appeared first on Radio Survivor.
Carl Malamud is credited with having one of the very first streaming internet talk radio shows, “Geek of the Week,” beginning in 1993. And because it was available for download, too, it’s considered a proto-podcast. Carl joins us this week to dig into this early history of internet radio, recounting how his efforts quickly snowballed […] The post Podcast #272 – ‘Geek of the Week’ and the Beginning of Internet Radio appeared first on Radio Survivor.
Carl Malamud is credited with having one of the very first streaming internet talk radio shows, “Geek of the Week,” beginning in 1993. And because it was available for download, too, it’s considered a proto-podcast. Carl joins us this week to dig into this early history of internet radio, recounting how his efforts quickly snowballed […] The post Podcast #255 – ‘Geek of the Week’ and the Beginning of Internet Radio appeared first on Radio Survivor.
Carl Malamud is credited with having one of the very first streaming internet talk radio shows, “Geek of the Week,” beginning in 1993. And because it was available for download, too, it’s considered a proto-podcast. Carl joins us this week to dig into this early history of internet radio, recounting how his efforts quickly snowballed […] The post Podcast #255 – ‘Geek of the Week’ and the Beginning of Internet Radio appeared first on Radio Survivor.
HAPPY INTERNATIONAL PODCAST DAY! Join us as we celebrate the thing that we're doing while we're celebrating it! Today we're partying with pal and beloved guest Amy Cowan (aacowan.com)!! LET'S PARTY!! Find Holiday Party online – Patreon: patreon,com/HOLIDAYPARTY Twitter: @HOLIDAYPARTYPOD / Instagram: HOLIDAYPARTYPODCAST / Facebook: @HOLIDAYPARTYPODCAST / HOLIDAYPARTYPODCAST.COM Find Alyssa – Twitter: @alyssapants / Instagram: lettertalkpodcast / alyssapants.com Find Disa – Twitter: @cinnamonenemy / Spotify: open.spotify.com/user/1243777842 SHOW NOTES History/Fun facts about the holiday According to Wikipedia, a podcast is “an episodic series of digital audio or video files which a user can download to listen. Alternatively, the word “podcast” may refer to the individual component of such a series or to an individual media file Podcasting often uses a subscription model, whereby new episodes automatically download via web syndication to a user’s own local computer, mobile application, or portable media player Some have labeled podcasting a “converged medium,” that is bringing together audio, the web, and portable media players, as well as a disruptive technology, having caused some in the radio business to reconsider established practices and preconceptions about audiences, consumption, production, and distribution Listeners typically consume podcasts for free, and producers can usually create them for little to no cost. This sets podcast apart from the traditional 20th-century model of “gate-kept” media. Podcasting is a horizontal media form--producers are consumers, consumers may become producers, and both can engage in conversations with each other Variants of podcasts include Enhanced podcasts, which can display images synchronized with audio. These can contain chapter markers, hyperlinks, and artwork Podcast novels, also known as serialized audiobooks or podcast audiobooks. This is a literary form that combines the concepts of a podcast and an audiobook. Like a traditional novel is a work of long literary fiction; however this form of the novel is recorded into episodes that are delivered online over a period of time and in the end is available as a complete work for download. They can vary from new works from new authors that have never been printed, to well-established authors that have been around for years, to classic works of literature that have been in print for over a century Video podcasts, which include video clips. Web television series are often distributed as video podcasts Oggcast, which is a podcast recorded and distributed exclusively in the Vorbis audio codec with the Ogg container format, which is a format state that is unrestricted by software patents. The name is derived from “ogging”, jargon from the computer game Netrek, which came to mean doing something forcefully, possibly without consideration of the drain on future resources Political podcasts, which focus on current events, usually last 30 minutes to an hour, often featuring journalists, politicians, pollsters, writers, and others with credentials in the public sphere. Most have a host-guest interview format and are broadcast each week based on the news cycle Podguide, an enhanced audio tour podcast. It’s a single audio file where each chapter displays a picture and a number of what to look at a certain stopover. The numbers correspond to the numbers on a map that can be downloaded via the link incorporated into the artwork of the chapters in the podguide. Wikipedia describes it as being like a soundseeing tour but with pictures and a map, so users can take the tour themselves It was previously known as “audioblogging”, and has its roots dating back to the 1980s. With the advent of broadband internet access and portable digital audio playback devices, podcasting began to catch more mainstream hold in late 2004. In the 1980s, Radio Computing Services (RCS) provided music and talk-related software to radio stations in a digital format Before online music digital distribution, the MIDI format as well as the Mbone, Multicast Network was used to distribute audio and video files. The Mbone was a multicast network over the internet used primarily by educational and research institutes, but there were audio talk programs In 1993, Carl Malamud launched Internet Talk Radio which was the “first computer-radio talk show, each week interviewing a computer expert.” It was distributed “as audio files that computer users fetch one by one.” Malamud said that listeners could pause and restart the audio files at will, as well as skip content they didn’t like In 2001, Applian Technologies introduced Replay Radio, a TiVo-like recorder for Internet Radio Shows. One of the features was a Direct Download link, which would scan a radio publishers site for new files and copy them directly to a PC’s hard disk. The first radio show to publish in this format was WebTalkGuys World Radio Show, produced by Rob and Dana Greenlee In September 2000, the first system that enabled the selection, automatic downloading and storage of serial episodic audio content on PCs and portable devices was launched from early MP3 player manufacturer, i2Go, which introduced a digital audio news and entertainment service called MyAudio2Go. This enabled users to download episodic news, sports, entertainment, weather, and music in audio format for listening on a PC, the eGo portable audio player, or other MP3 players. The app could be programmed to automatically download the latest episodic content from user selected content types to a PC or portable device. Unfortunately, the service succumbed after a little over a year, due to the i2Go company running out of capital during the dot-com crash. In October 2000, the concept of attaching sound and video files in RSS feeds was proposed in a draft by Tristan Louis, and implemented by Dave Winer. Winer had received other requests for “audioblogging” features and had discussed the enclosure concept with Adam Curry in the same month. They are credited in 2004 for coming up with the idea to automate the delivery and syncing of textual content to portable audio players In September 2003, Winer created a special RSS-with-enclosures feed for his colleague Christopher Lydon’s weblog, which previously only had a text-only RSS feed. When Lydon had accumulated about 25 audio interviews with bloggers, futurists, and political figures, Winer gradually released them as a new RSS feed. Winer challenged other aggregator developers to support this new form of content and provide enclosure support. Lydon’s blog eventually became Radio Open Source and is now the oldest, still-running podcast Matt Schichter’s The Backstage Pass is widely believed to be the first podcast to be published online, despite lacking a commonly accepted identifying name for the medium. The chat show was launched in October 2003 Ben Hammersley originally suggested the word “podcast” as a portmanteau of “iPod” and “broadcast” in February 2004 Other names in limited use include “net cast,” which is intended as a vendor-neutral term without the loose reference to the Apple iPod. Other sources have suggested “portable on demand” or “POD” for similar reasons In September 2004, blogger and columnist Doc Searls began keeping track of how many “hits” Google found for the word “podcasts”. His first query reportedly returned 24 results. On September 28, there were 526 hits on Google for “podcasts”. On October 1, there were 2750 hits. The number continued to double every few days In June 2005, Apple released iTunes 4.9, which added formal support for podcasts, thus negating the need to use a separate program in order to download and transfer them to a mobile device. While this made access to podcasts more convenient and widespread, it also effectively ended advancement of podcatchers by independent developers. Additionally, Apple issued cease and desist orders to many podcast application developers and service providers for using the terms “iPod” or “Pod” in their products’ names In July 2005, US President George W. Bush became a podcaster of sorts when the White House website added an RSS 2.0 feed to the previously downloadable files of the president’s weekly radio addresses Also in July of that year, the first People’s Choice Podcast Awards were held during Podcast Expo, with awards being given in 20 categories. The Awards are still held annually and now better known as the Podcast Awards, and the now-22 categories are the following. I also added who won for 2018: People’s Choice--The Fantasy Footballers Best Produced--N/A Best Video Podcast--N/A Best Mobile Podcast--N/A Arts--We Like Drinking Business--Extraordinary Women Radio Comedy--2 Girls on a Bench Education--Our Fake History Entertainment--We’re Drunk and We Know Things Food and Drink--N/A Games & Hobbies--Trivial Warfare General--N/A LGBQ--Derek and Romaine Health--A Better Night’s Sleep Government & Organizations--Democracy Works Kids & Family--Cool Facts About Animals Mature--Turn Me On Music--The Modern Vinyl Podcast News & Politics--Consider This Religion & Spirituality--For the Love with Jen Hatmaker Science & Medicine--Curiosity Daily Society-Culture--Travel Oddities Sports & Recreation--The Fantasy Footballers Technology--Why’d You Push That Button? Travel--N/A TV & Film--Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. Podcast This year’s award ceremony was live streamed on September 29 On September 28, 2005, Google found more than 100M hits on the word “podcasts” In December 2005, “podcast” was named the word of the year by the New Oxford American Dictionary, and added the word to the dictionary in 2006 In February 2006, Lance Anderson became the first to take a podcast and create a live venue tour with his podcast The Lance Anderson Podcast Experiment In 2014, This American Life launched the first season of their Serial podcast, and went on to achieve 68 million downloads by the end of Season 1 and became the first podcast to win a Peabody Award. The show is also credited with popularizing true crime podcasts. As of December 2018, Serial is the most downloaded podcast of all time, with 420 million total downloads NPR is the most popular podcast publisher with 175 million downloads and streams every month. According to a Chartable blog post by Dave Zohrob published in February 2019, we are entering the “Golden Age of Podcasting.” “Podcasts have been around since at least 2004. But unlike text-based news and blogs, which have gone through waves of centralization and disruption thanks to Facebook and Google, the podcast industry has remained stubbornly decentralized. There are dozens of popular podcast players, and no single gatekeeper in the industry. Despite many attempts, there has never been a ‘Netflix of podcasts.’” Spotify appears to be on an acquisition spree and will be spending hundreds of millions of dollars purchasing podcast hosting platforms, studios, and podcasts themselves. The article states that “Spotify CEO Daniel Ek explicitly referenced Netflix’s strategy as part of their motivation This could signal that we’re on the cusp of a Netflix-style change for podcasting, with “a marked increase in the amount and quality of original audio programming.” Between 2018 and 2019, weekly and monthly listenership jumped from 15% to 23%, or 20 million more frequent listeners in the US alone In total, around 60 million people are listening a few times a week or more, and 91 million people are listening at least once a week In 2018, an average of 575 podcasts were started every day, or about 1 every 3 minutes. Chartable is tracking over 670K podcasts in the Apple Podcasts directory, and over 210K of those published their first episode in 2018 In contrast, there are 35 million YouTube channels, so there is still plenty of room for new entrants in the audio world The article goes on to say that podcasting is exploding because they’re a great way to connect directly to an audience. “There’s no single gatekeeper, or gatekeeping algorithm, that will prevent you from reaching our audience. Edison Research data shows that 87% of podcast listeners listen to most or all of each podcast they listen to, even despite the fact that many episodes may run for hours. This is in contrast to the way that our attention works with other media. Some sources claim that our average attention span is down to 8 seconds. The average watch time for Facebook Watch videos is around 23 seconds. A “good” YouTube consumption rate is somewhere around 50% Listeners binge on podcasts the same way that they binge a new Netflix season Chartable also explains why the podcasting boom is happening now, 15 years after the creation of the medium. There are several broad trends converging, starting with Spotify and getting serious about competing with Apple, increasing their investments in podcasting in 2018. Google launched a native Google Podcasts app for Android, which has the advantage of working on any Android device without requiring an app installation, meaning that hundreds of millions of Android users now have a “universal link” for podcast listening While Spotify has allowed podcast listening for about three years, they didn’t open the platform to all podcasters until 2018. Spotify has significantly increased the prominence of podcasts, which is showing in their downland stats, having doubled from 2017-2018 from 4.4% to 8.5%. Most of those listeners are new to podcasts, meaning that Spotify didn’t poach listeners from other hosting platforms, but rather created new listeners simply by exposure Additionally, the prevalence of smartphones is crucial for the podcast boom, since smartphones are by far the most popular device for audio listening. Streaming media make up the majority of mobile data usage, and that share is continuing to grow Another factor is connected car adoption. A quarter of all listeners do most of their listening in the car, and as more cars adopt Apple’s CarPlay and Android Auto, people are choosing to listen to podcasts or streaming services like Spotify or Apple Music rather than traditional AM/FM radio Other converging trends include the popularity of smart speakers, and that generally more audio of various kinds are being more widely consumed and easily accessed, such as streaming music services, meditation apps, and audiobooks. Chartable predicts that this Golden Age of Podcasts will lead to more high-quality shows, podcasts will continue to grow their share of overall attention, new models for funding the production of a show will emerge, advertisers and other funders will be able to expect more precise and transparent measure of audience engagement (other than download numbers), Spotify will create more exclusive content to aggregate and retain listeners, but Apple will maintain a strong position The blog post closes out with this optimistic comparison: “Our current Golden Age of Television started 80 years after the invention of TV, and a decade after the invention of the Web. And despite some dire warnings, the trend in more and better TV programming has yet to slow. In comparison, the Golden Age of Podcasts only took 15 years since the invention of the medium, and it’s just getting started.” International Podcast Day history The holiday was co-founded in 2014 by a father and son team, Steve and Dave Lee. They also co-host the podcast The Waves of Tech, which was launched in March of 2007 and currently consists of nearly 500 episodes. From a 2018 article by Morgan Hines on discoverpods.com, it was seven years after they started their podcast that they had the idea to create the holiday. Steve was driving and “heard a radio commercial for National Senior Citizen Day and wondered immediately why there wasn’t a day to celebrate podcasters and podcasting.” They chose September because the first podcast was released in September 2004, and the day after their 2014 National Podcast Day event, they “heard overwhelmingly from the international podcasting community to be represented and involved--hence, the birth of International Podcast Day.” From their website, internationalpodcastday.com, they describe the day a “great opportunity to connect with fellow podcasters, podcast listeners, podcast enthusiasts, and leaders in the podcasting industry.” Since the inaugural holiday, Steven and Dave have featured podcasters from 55 countries. The day is comprised of several events that take place in both an official and unofficial capacity. They host a 33-hour live video stream, where podcasters present their story or topic in their own language, though the majority are presented in English. The holiday events start at 8AM on September 29 and end at 10PM on the 30th. They note that podcasters around the world also take part in their own ways, coming up with unofficial events of their own. Internationalpodcastday.com has a page listing such events, and continues to take submissions from podcasters trying to spread the word about their own. When I checked the page in mid-September, there were events listed in Poland, Paris, Germany, North Carolina, Wisconsin, India, and Brazil According to nationaldaycalendar.com, they created the holiday as a way to raise awareness of podcasting as an excellent entertainment and educational medium Fun facts/stats--from weeditpodcast.com, wikipedia, podcastinsights.com, podcastprogress.com Of 300K podcast listeners, 63% bought something that the host had promoted on their show. Of that same group, 71% said they had visited a sponsor’s website, while 62% said they would consider paying for the advertised product or service Podcast subscriptions soared past the 1 billion mark back in 2013 There are 7 billion mobile devices worldwide, and 58% of Americans own a smartphone. One in four podcast consumers play their audio device in their car “nearly every day.” Only 6% of all marketers are using podcasting as a form of content (2016) Podcast listeners consume more than 105 minutes of audio per day than the average American. They spend more than 35% of that total audio time listening to podcasts Today, there are more than 115K English-language podcasts available, and dozens of websites available for distribution for little or no cost to the producer or listener According to one 2017 survey, 42M Americans above the age of 12 listen to podcast on at least a weekly basis As of June 2019, there are currently over 750K podcasts, with over 30million episodes A huge jump from April 2018, at which point FastCompany stated that there were “over 525K shows and over 18.5million episodes” (podcastprogress.com) According to Chartable in 2018, an average of 757 podcasts were launched every day, or about one every three minutes. There is a high level of podfading--few people keep it going after a few episodes. Between 50% and 75% of podcasts end up podfading after 7 episodes 51% of the US population has listened to a podcast 49% of podcast listening is done at home. 22% is done in the car 80% of listeners listen to all or most of each podcast episode and listens to an average of 7 shows per week Listenership is split between women and men at about 44%/56%, respectively 50% or over 60 million homes are podcast fans 70% of the US population is familiar with the term “podcasting”--up from 64% in 2018 51% of the US population has listened to a podcast--up from 44% in 2018 32% (90 million) listened to a podcast in the last month 22% (62 million) listen to podcasts weekly 16 million people in the US are “avid podcast fans” 45% of monthly podcast listeners have household income over $75K--vs 35% for the total population 27% of US podcast listeners have a 4-year college degree 36% of podcast listeners are non-white Podcast listeners subscribe to an average of 6 shows 19% of listeners increase the speed 65% of monthly podcast listeners have been listening for less than 3 years Comedy is the most popular podcasting genre, followed by education and news Podcast listeners are much more active on every social media channel (94% are active on at least one vs 81% for the entire population) Listeners are more likely to follow companies and brands on social media Listeners are also more likely to subscribe to Netflix or Amazon Prime--meaning that they are less likely to be exposed to TV advertising Listeners are more likely to own a smart speaker such as Amazon Alexa or Google Home 51% of bottled water households are podcast listeners, as are 57% of baby food households 53% of beer households 56% of juice households 54% of milk households 54% of cereal households 69% agreed that podcast ads made them aware of new products or services South Korea leads the world in the percentage of people who have listened to a podcast in the past month with 58% The top five are rounded out with Spain at 40%, Sweden at 36%, Australia at 33%, and the US at 33% Classes of MBA students have been commissioned to research podcasting and compare possible business models, and venture capital flowing to influential content providers Podsafe music refers to tracks, by independent as well as signed acts, that are available for use on podcasts without significant cost or licensing difficulty Podnography is also becoming a thing. Also called sexcasts, these are audio clips that may contain porn reviews, kinky storytelling, and interviews with porn writers Activities to celebrate Use #InternationalPodcastDay and #PodCastDay to share on social media Visit internationalpodcastday.com, who suggests that you can celebrate by spreading the word about the day to your friends, share the celebration on your podcasts and social media feeds Grab your mic and camera, ask someone about their favorite podcast. Share the response on social media Join in events in your region and around the world Promote by posting the official banner image on your website Play the International Podcast Day audio or video promo on your show Change your social media image to the International Podcast Day logo Explain to someone what a podcast is and get them hooked Share your favorite podcast with someone Send feedback to your favorite podcasters and tell them thank you Provide a rating and review in Apple podcasts and other platforms Subscribe to a new show and talk about it using one of the hashtags Not a podcaster? Become one! Internationalpodcastday.com also has merch for sale, including shirts, hoodies, hats, mugs, and tote bags. If you order a shirt, you can send a selfie of yourself wearing it that the site will display on their Podcast Day Proud page They also have a podcasting quiz, where you can test your knowledge about podcasting. I got 7/11 right, or 63.63%, or a solid D National Today suggests Finding a new podcast: “With apps like Pocket Cast (for Android) and Downcast (for IOS), it’s never been easier to find an interesting podcast. Browse by category, or by popularity, and you’re bound to find at least a dozen that you’ll have a hard time turning off Creating your own: “You can create your very own podcast, and you’ve likely already got the tools you need to get started. Between your mobile phone and your computer, you’ve likely got a microphone, and some app like Garageband or Audacity. Recording the podcast is the easy part--the real challenge comes when you’re trying to pick a topic worth listening to!” Donating to your favorite podcaster: “Many of the most popular podcasts survive on minimal ad revenue and donations ‘from viewers like you.’ As much as even hearing those words can put one to sleep, they’re there for a reason! Consider throwing a few dollars toward your favorite podcasts so that they can keep on broadcasting.” SOURCES https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podcast https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_podcasting https://internationalpodcastday.com/podcasting-history/ https://internationalpodcastday.com/promotion/ https://internationalpodcastday.com/ https://nationaldaycalendar.com/international-podcast-day-september-30/ https://nationaltoday.com/international-podcast-day/ https://discoverpods.com/founding-creation-international-podcast-day/ https://www.weeditpodcasts.com/14-podcasting-facts-that-will-blow-your-mind/ https://www.podcastinsights.com/podcast-statistics/ https://podcastprogress.com/podcast-facts-and-figures-2019/ https://musicoomph.com/podcast-statistics/ https://chartable.com/blog/golden-age-of-podcasts https://musicoomph.com/podcast-statistics/
This edition of Media Network was salvaged from a cassette and a few seconds before Chris Greenway you will hear that a bit is missing. Radio Netherlands using is a transmitter near Kalingrad, Russia for a European reception. At the time it was one of the world's most powerful transmission sites on MW. There was a problem with interference to RNW on 6020 from Moscow. We cross to Chris Greenway for news about Radio Moscow. Major expansion of Radio France International of 430 million francs over 4 years. There were two projects one in Djibouti which was abandoned. We also hear about plans for the Internet broadcasting System. They will put up to 2 hours of audio on the Internet. We also spoke with Carl Malamud who put up various data (like all US patents). Philips will put a couple of million into the development of DAB radios. We review the AOR 3030, made by a scanner manufacturer. Willem Bos has been putting it through its paces. Here is a link to a catalogue
It seems that the current workforce is looking for more flexibility in where they work, and how often that means in an office setting, a home office, or in some other remote location. We conducted a semi-Elephant Post episode this week and asked our listeners to call in and leave their stories about the pros and cons of remote working. We have a diverse group of 13 stories ranging from marketers, librarians, attorneys, techies, and more from North America and even from Europe. Key factors are trust, transparency, flexibility, and a fast Internet connection. Walk with us as we celebrate The Geek in Review's first anniversary of podcasts by listening to a baker's dozen of stories of why working remotely works, or doesn't work for people. Information Inspirations By popular demand, we bring back the Information Inspirations to the beginning of the episode. Free the Statutes!! Marlene points out that the US Supreme Court is taking up the issue of whether states have the right to copyright their statutes. Carl Malamud's PublicResource.ORG is arguing that the law should be outside the restrictions of copyright against the State of Georgia. We are hoping that the Supreme Court frees state statutes out from under the copyright restrictions. As does the Editorial Board of the New York Times. Video Manipulation is a Problem! The Washington Post has created "The Fact Checkers" in order to try to identify manipulated videos that are posted online. They created a guide to video manipulation as well as a way for the public to identify videos which they believe are manipulated. This is going to be a huge problem in society, and Marlene and Greg think that there is definitely opportunities for law librarians to play a role in identifying harmful manipulated videos. Listen, Subscribe, download Jerry's music, and Send Us Tweets and Voicemails, Too!! Remember that you can contact us anytime by tweeting us at @gebauerm or @glambert. Or, you can call The Geek in Review hotline at 713-487-7270 and leave us a message. We'd love to hear some (Elephant Post) ideas you'd like us to cover in future episodes. As always, the great music you hear on the podcast is from Jerry David DeCicca, thanks Jerry!
With the ongoing legal fight between Carl Malamud and the state of Georgia, this months episode is appropriately titled “Piracy is Killing the Lawmaking Industry”. Additionally, we cover the ongoing case of Wikileaks co-founder Julian Assange, Instagram suffering from a data leak, the state of global press freedom, and all the usual music and game reviews as well as some weird news to end the show. If you'd like a transcript of this month's episode, you can head on over to freezenet.ca and check out the official page for this episode.
What can we learn from the Spanish flu pandemic which killed over 50 million people a hundred years ago? Carl Malamud, founder of public.resource.org, wants to make more data public. And, is food actually scarce at the bottom of the ocean? Kenneth Cukier hosts. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.
What can we learn from the Spanish flu pandemic which killed over 50 million people a hundred years ago? Carl Malamud, founder of public.resource.org, wants to make more data public. And, is food actually scarce at the bottom of the ocean? Kenneth Cukier hosts. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.
In this podcast, we talk to Carl Malamud about public access to law and how it is threatened. We discuss how lawyers benefit from public access to law and how they can help increase it. https://youtu.be/2tOJdGaMvVw Carl Malamud is an American technologist, author, and public domain advocate, known for his foundation Public.Resource.Org.
A show about, among other things, the morality of the law journal system. We start with Joe’s ailments and our scheduling issues. (You’re welcome; we know this is why people tune in.) Then a little about online review sessions, Slack, online classes, and video conferencing (2:32). Radiohead, Trump, and Ted Cruz (9:02). Next we open the mail and Twitter bags: Carl Malamud, the re-christened Indigo Book, and the possibility of a transcript of one of our episodes, all followed by Chris Walker’s posts on Prawfsblawg about student law journal podcasts (13:19). Next, listener Justin on laptops in classrooms and unconstitutional and re-constitutional statutes (17:38), Bunny on Oral ArgCon cosplay (25:27). And then this week’s main topic: The weird world of law review publishing and the moral aspects of our participation in it (28:23), including Joe’s description of the process, Christian’s calling Expresso “Espresso” (35:03), the transition to electronic submission and the rise of “expedites” (47:00). “Just tell me what your thesis is.” “Why don’t you tell me what it is?” and morality (52:54). Joe’s world (1:08:19). Christian’s world (1:13:53). This show’s links: Joseph Miller, The Immorality of Requesting Expedited Review Slack Oral Argument 94: Bonus Zoom About Burn the Witch Andrew Sullivan, Democracies End When They Are Too Democratic; Jedediah Purdy, What Trump’s Rise Means for Democracy Richard Cytowic, Why Ted Cruz’s Facial Expression Make Me Uneasy Carl Malamud on Twitter Oral Argument 91: Baby Blue (guest Chris Sprigman) The Indigo Book (also available as a PDF) Chris Walker, Complete Junior Law Prawfs FAQs Series (and, particularly, What About Podcasts? and Rethinking Law Review Podcasts) Nathan H. Saunders, Student-Edited Law Reviews: Reflections and Responses of an Inmate Mark Twain, The War Prayer; a beautiful animated version
We open the burgeoning mailbag. And oh what a bounty! Side A: 1. Georgia’s assertion of copyright over its annotated statutes. 2. Law school application, rankings, and preparation. 3. The utility for law of having a Ph.D. 4. Substantive due process and Lochner. 5. Would law school be better without the study of the Supreme Court or constitutional law? Side B: 6. Voting rights and proportional representation. 7. Whether we’ve had a fair discussion of the death penalty. 8. What makes legal writing good or bad? 9. Other podcasts. 10. Race and the law. 11. The utilitarian case for manual override of driverless cars. 12. Facebook’s ability to create “bad” desires and preferences. Drugs and entertainment. 13. The rogue Kentucky clerk and the difference between civil disobedience and sabotage or revolution. This show’s links: Oral Argument on Twitter and on Facebook About Carl Malamud Georgia Accuses Public Records Activist of Information “Terrorism” Episode 68: Listen to My Full Point and Episode 12: Heart of Darkness Episode 62: Viewer Mail Episode 30: A Filled Milk Caste Episode 66: You’re Never Going to Get It All Done (guest Kareem Creighton) and Kareem Creighton’s tweet to us about this question Chris Elmendorf, Making Sense of Section 2: Of Biased Votes, Unconstitutional Elections, and Common Law Statutes Episode 56: Cracking and Packing (guest Lori Ringhand) Episode 67: Monstrous Acts (guest Josh Lee) Callins v. Collins (Scalia’s concurrence citing the brutality of a murder in a case in which the defendant was later proved innocent) Danielle Allen, Our Declaration; Robert Cover, Violence and the Word ; Jedediah Purdy, After Nature: A Politics for the Anthropocene Undisclosed: The State v. Adnan Syed, a podcast recommended to us Episode 69: Contaminated Evidence (guest Brandon Garrett); see also Episode 45: Sacrifice, Episode 64: Protect and Serve (guest Seth Stoughton) The Our National Conversation about Conversations about Race podcast Episode 70: No Drones in the Park (guest Frank Pasquale) Episode 72: The Guinea Pig Problem (guest Michelle Meyer) A youtube of David Foster Wallace talking about drugs and entertainment in Infinite Jest (2m23s) Anthony Kreis’s tweet about civil disobedience
Some new research, anecdotal but telling, suggests that female writers have a much tougher time getting their book proposals into agents’ hands than male authors do. What’s the truth behind this? Plus all the latest news from the crazy/weird nexus where publishing meets the law… Homme de Plume: What I Learned Sending My Novel Out Under a Male Name Hamilton Ends Deal with SMP Claiming Lack of Support Florida Parents Try to Ban Books With Characters That Pray to Non-Christian God Freelancers of the World, Unite! A Publishing Contract Should Not Be Forever - The Authors Guild Georgia sues Carl Malamud group, calls publishing state's annotated code of laws online unlawful Online shopping startup ready to rival Amazon Follow ups: Judge Finds Hill's Book Infringed on TD Bank Copyright $60M Settlement Between NCAA and College Athletes Happy Birthday Copyright Bombshell: New Evidence Previously Hid Shows Song Is Public Domain Photo: Ianqui Doodle Download the show as mp3 file Subscribe in iTunes
Founder of Archive.org discusses the nonprofit’s plan to archive as much information as possible online, for all the world to share for freeTRANSCRIPTSpeaker 1:You're listening to k a LX, Berkeley 90.7 FM and this has method to the madness to show from the public affairs department that celebrates the innovative spirit of the bay area. I'm your host Ali Nisar and today we have Brewster Kale to internet pioneer who is an engineer, entrepreneur, activists advocating for universal access to knowledge for all through his projects. The Internet archive. Stay with us. Speaker 2:We're trying to bring universal access to all knowledge. [00:00:30] Can we build the library of Alexandria version two can you actually take everything ever published? All books, music, video, software, webpages, anything ever meant for public distribution. Make it one, preserve it forever and to make it then available to anybody. Curious enough to want to have access to. So that's the, that's the basic worldview that we're part of a, we're not trying to solve the whole thing, but anything that's missing, we want to try to get to that [00:01:00] goal. That's such an amazing and inspirational vision. I mean, cause it's almost impossible to catalog everything. I would think that's actually quite possible. Yeah, you kind of have that. It's not infinite. It's not, it's not at all. Um, so if you take, um, oh, I don't know, take, take the library Congress for the largest book or print library in the world and by far about 28 million books. Speaker 2:The next ones down are things like, uh, the British library, [00:01:30] the uh, Harvard and New York public library in there and kind of half the size and lead. So the library can exchange gimmick. But if you take a book, it's about a megabyte, about a megabyte, a book. So if you have 28 million megabytes, it goes mega, Giga, Tera, 28 terabytes. And that's 20 terabytes is seven hard drives that you can buy in best buy. And that means in one shopping cart for less than you pay in rent in a month. You get out of all [00:02:00] of the disc storage. I would store all the words in the library of Congress. Speaker 1:Okay, Speaker 2:let's do, and if you do out the math on the other things like movies and music and web pages, it's all completely within our grants. It's just cause the tech, techno, the technical guys have gotten data storage to be so, so dense. And then the access part is this internet. The idea of, of getting it to somebody in Kenya or East Oakland is completely possible. So when did you begin the process? [00:02:30] I this, this really crystallized for me back in 1980 to go and build, uh, try to build the library, but there were a lot of things missing. So I tried to help build some of those, those pieces, uh, leading up to a system that came before the worldwide web, uh, called ways to try to get people to come online in an open way, but the web was better. Um, so I've jumped onto that and then, um, built a couple of companies along the way to try to get the publishers online. Speaker 2:Um, but by 19, 1996, [00:03:00] things were going, uh, well enough. All the Polish was getting online and the basic infrastructure was moving along. And not just because of me, but because of the, everybody was working together towards building that I could say, okay, let's build the library. So we started collecting the World Wide Web and this new organization called the Internet Archive, archive.org and we started archiving the world wide web and we tried to build robot crawlers. Basically the same things that operate the search engines, like Google the disco and visit every [00:03:30] website and download every webpage. And we would basically do every webpage from every website every two months. Then we'd start again and do it again. Do it again, do it again. Do it again. Cause that long it takes to crawl a wet, that's how long we give it. And then because the web is effectively infinite, you know, that was my question that it's, you know, there's these sites that just play chess with you. Speaker 2:So I mean, so you know, there's infinite numbers of, of computer generated web pages. Um, but yeah, it takes us [00:04:00] about two months to go and gather up what it is. It's in a modern search engine. How do you determine which sites are, are um, are we trying to do order the you archive? We tried to do, we tried to do all of them. We biased towards the popular ones. So, uh, we tried to get something from everybody. And then for the, uh, ones that are used a lot, then those are the ones we try to go deeper, but we're talking hundreds of millions of websites. We, we now have 240 billion [00:04:30] pages. Um, and in 19,001 we made a way back machine, so you could go to archive.org and type in a URL. And, um, if we have it, we'll show you all the different versions we have. Speaker 2:You can start clicking around and seeing the web as it was. So the idea of, of preserving this amazing thing that we're building, which is this worldwide web is quite doable even by a nonprofit. So we started working with the library of Congress. We worked with a bunch of different national libraries. [00:05:00] We work with about 200 university libraries, um, and state libraries and archives that they help fund bits and pieces of the Internet archive on the, on the web collection. It's completely exciting and it's working. Uh, we get about a half a million people a day using just the way back machine itself. And so it's a popular resource, uh, out there. But then we thought, okay, well what's this is going along. What else is there to do? So the, another endangered medium was a television and I've had a love [00:05:30] hate relationship with television, uh, burn television anyway. Speaker 2:Said, hey, I watched too much growing up, but it is still a very influential purse, pervasive and persuasive medium. And nobody else seemed to be in the cultural areas, seem to be doing a good archive of it. So in the year 2000, we started, we hit the record button and we started quoting 20 channels, 24 hours a day, DVD quality, so Russian, Chinese, Japanese, Iraqi, Al Jazeera, BBC, CNN, ABC, Fox, whatever, [00:06:00] all these. And then just crunched forward. We're now up to around a hundred channels from 35 countries. Um, and we made these available just a few months ago. Um, at least the television news from the United States from the last three years. We wanted everyone to be, uh, uh, John Stewart Research Department before the last election so that people could go and type in words to try to find out what did their, what did politicians say before about particular [00:06:30] things would have pundits say. Speaker 2:So you could basically go and quote and compare and contrast the elements that require, are required for critical thinking. So we wanted this to happen, so we made this available, um, publicly, and you can get 32nd snippets of these, um, news programs and you can watch those. And if you want the whole program, then we print it on a DVD and send it to you. I charge 25 bucks. So the idea is to try to get this, um, uh, ecosystem to work. [00:07:00] So documentaries can come out and it makes it easier for people to look at television news and critique it because otherwise it just flows over and it's just, these guys can say anything they want and get away with it. So how are we going to basically hold them accountable? Um, make it so that this, these materials are referenceable and making it by URL. Speaker 2:So you can go and refer into news over a period of time. So it's really fascinating. I, I, I wonder though, if you could explain to us about, um, by copyrights. Yeah. So, [00:07:30] so, you know, you mentioned a lot of big net television networks, right? Um, that probably, you know, they have ownership over the content in some way, or how does that work? Um, well, everything's copyrighted forever, it seems, or at least, I don't know, I am not a lawyer on this stuff, but we are a library and the libraries have copyrighted materials. So that's what, that's what libraries are full of. And there are certain things libraries can do with them. Um, for instance, lends, I'm out. So let's take books. So we digitize books, [00:08:00] we've digitized a couple million bucks, uh, and we give them away for free. And so they can be downloaded in bulk. Speaker 2:Uh, we think that that's very important. It's kind of a counter to some of the project by Google with their, with those libraries. Uh, and we worked with the University of California and we had a scanning center in Richmond, California and at UCLA, uh, digitizing books. And we digitized about 300,000 books from, um, those collections. And they're available for free on the net, uh, [00:08:30] for any use at all. Cause they were old enough to be out of copyright. But for the newer ones, the ones since 1923, a lot of them's have rights problems. So we digitize these also, um, largely based on book people donating the books to us and then we make them available to the blind and dyslexic and because we can, so the blind and dyslexic, if they are blind for the library of Congress to get a access, they can have access to now 500,000 [00:09:00] modern books all the way through Harry Potter or whatever, uh, to be able to have, um, free, uh, and easy access to these materials. Speaker 2:But then we wanted to go further than that. Um, so for the books from the 20th century that we've scanned for the 21st century, we would try to buy books and then lend them out one at a time. So there's only one person who can have a copy at a time using the same controls. The publishers use to control the distribution of their imprint works. So [00:09:30] we, we buy these books and we lend them out, but the publishers are selling that many books yet. Um, so we've digitized a lot of these books, let's say from the 20th century and then we lend them out. So you can go to open library.work, which is another side of ours. And then you can go and click and download a pdf of this. But it's one of these special weird PDFs from Adobe that melt in your hands after two weeks, self-destruct, say self-destruct in that sort of a mission, impossible kind of way. Speaker 2:Or you can [00:10:00] check it out and read it on the screen and then while you're reading it on the screen, nobody else can check it out. If you check it back in and then somebody else can use it. And if you forget to check it back in, then it automatically is checked back in so you don't get any library fees and it, um, uh, then somebody else can check it out. And we get, Oh, a couple thousands of 3000 people checking out a book a day. Um, uh, I think so on that order. So you can sound like a member of the archive just like, yeah, you get a library card, it's free. So if you've got an open library.org [00:10:30] you can go and borrow books. If you've got an archive.org you can borrow TV programs. Um, and on the website on the way back machine that's just free and open use. Speaker 2:Um, is there a legal entity for a library or is it just the kind of no, you walk out like a duck, quacks like a duck, you're a library. So, uh, but uh, we were actually, um, there is a particular regulation to be able to get some bandwidth subsidy. Um, you have to get the state librarian [00:11:00] to go and say that your library and California State Library and Susan Hildreth time, uh, said that we were a library, which actually turned out to be very helpful because at one point this, the FBI came and wanted, actually demanded information about a patron and what that patron had done on the Internet archive. And well, libraries have a long history of not liking these sorts of requests. Um, and, but it was done with the Patriot Act, these national security letters with a gag [00:11:30] order. So they basically, they said, okay, you're going to have to give us this information and never tell anybody that you've even been asked this question. Speaker 2:And, um, well it turns out that there's no way to say, uh, no. Can we ask a court from this or anything like that? They said, the only way you can say to pushback, uh, we were advised by the electronic frontier foundation and the was you had to sue the United States government. So we sued the United States government with, with their help [00:12:00] and um, uh, and we won. The FBI backed off immediately. They didn't really need that information. Um, and so we are, uh, so they backed off. Um, and one of the things that was to our advantage was that we were a library. Oh. So because of the state library in it. Yes. There that had verified for this particular use that we were library. But, but there are no real laws saying what a library is. Pretty much you can tell [00:12:30] when you see him. Speaker 1:You're listening to k a LX, Berkeley 90.7 FM university and listener supported radio. This is method to the madness and show from the public affairs department that explores the innovative spirit of the bay area. I'm your host. Tallinn is our, thanks for joining me. And today we've been speaking with Brewster Kale, Internet legend and founder of the Internet archive about open access information and his project [00:13:00] to catalog the output of humanity back to our interview. Yeah. So I mean, just the, the scope of the operation in terms of bandwidth and storage. Um, could you ever dreamed when you, when you envision this in 1980 that these types of um, Speaker 2:oh yeah, it's all very predictable. We're, we're pretty much on path. I mean, it was [00:13:30] these discussions, um, back in like 1883 with Richard Feinman, a physicist and, uh, with, with Stephen Wolfram who, who's gone on to make Mathematica and, and things like that. Yeah. We did not the, the, the, the church and sort of when would we be able to have it be cheap enough to put all books online and when would movies and when would all these other things come online? Yeah, we're pretty much on, uh, on the path detection a little slower than we predicted. So actually I would've imagined we'd be here [00:14:00] by now. It's certainly is assumed. I mean, if I, I talked to yet, you know, younger people, they think, isn't it the library of Congress already online? And I was like, ah, you know, it's really not. And uh, Eh, the Internet's still fairly thin in terms of the information that's on it. Speaker 2:If you really know some subject area, you can look around, there's something on everything, but there's not the depth. Um, so that's the key thing that we've got to do now is fill out the rest of, of what [00:14:30] the best we have to offer. How do we make it so that everything that we'd want is online. So we digitize, if you take the total goal and see books of 10 million books, the library, Congress, 28 million, 10 million book libraries and good solid library, that's the University of California system or Princeton or um, uh, Corey Yale. It's sort of a 10 million book collection. Um, we're at about 2.5 million, so we're a quarter [00:15:00] of the way there. How many per day? We're doing about a thousand to 1500 a day. How does it happen? Um, there are scanning centers in 33 libraries around in eight countries around the world that are operated by the Internet archive. Speaker 2:And, uh, these are scanners that were designed and built by some burning man guys, uh, over in Berkeley. Um, and there are two digital cameras that take pictures of each page. We raised them over a glass to flatten the page, to get a good image. [00:15:30] Um, and basically you can digitize a book in about an hour, all told the cataloging and the whole Shebang. Q and a is searchable. And then it's then it's put to a computer and it munches on it for about 12 hours. It makes it then searchable. It does the optical character recognition. It makes it into PDFs and into the talking books for the blind, um, on and on the all these different formats. And it makes it as available as possible and copies it to another, uh, storage computer in a backup computer in two different locations. [00:16:00] So in case things go down or things disappear. Speaker 2:Um, so the idea is to, to try to give a permanent access to this book and it's now in its digital form. The physical book is not damaged, so we don't break the books. Um, we're kind of obsessive about books. We love books. So, uh, and for the books that don't go back on the library shelves, we actually go and store and, um, have done high density storage in Richmond, California. So we have a [00:16:30] warehouse that now has 600,000 books and it's growing at a couple thousand a day of books that are donated from all sorts of places. And we want one copy of every book ever published so that we can digitize it, um, and either put it back on the library shelf or put it back away. So every book ever published, I mean, that's not infinite, but it's a huge number. Like how do you know what the number is? Speaker 2:Well, I very countered is 28 million. It's probably not that much bigger than that. So maybe, you know, what, 50 million, I'm talking [00:17:00] millions western history or everything. Everything. Yeah. Just go back to Sumerian tablets. I mean, it's, it's not, it's just from a computer perspective, it's not that big. And if you take the same movies, um, the, the number of movies that have been made for theatrical releases, their couple, 100,000 of them, and that's kind of it cause they're expensive to make. And, uh, actually about half of them are Indian. So, uh, so the idea of even doing the whole movies is [00:17:30] quite doable. Um, music, well during the disk era, two 78 long playing records and cds, few million. And that's kind of the number of published. There are gigs that people, you know, play in local bars. So a lot of them aren't recorded, but we have 100,000 concert recordings, uh, from about 5,000 bands. Speaker 2:There was a tradition started by the grateful dead of doing tape trading. Um, so as that moved down [00:18:00] to the Internet, people started trading on the online and so we offered to, to play a host to these materials as long as nobody got upset if people wanted it to happen. And we get two or three bands a day, I'm saying yes, we're up for this. And the fans themselves go and put the materials on the Internet archive sites. So for not archive.org we've got everything the grateful dead has ever done, plus about 5,000 other bands that make something about a hundred thousand concert recordings. So that finding [00:18:30] those ways of working with the system such that we're not trying to interrupt a commerce, we're just trying to be aligned. Great. Just a digital one. Yeah, so there's, there's this sounds like there's a crowdsourcing element you got, you're uploading a lot of information. Oh, absolutely. Thousands of things a day get uploaded at the Internet archive and then they're different from what goes up on Youtube. I mean, if you [inaudible] it's sometimes not as easy to find, you know, whatever, but at least they're there for the long term. Speaker 3:[00:19:00] Okay. Speaker 1:You're listening to k a l ex perfectly in 90.7 FM university in listener supported radio and this is method to the madness, the show from the public affairs department that explores the innovative spirit of the day area. I'm your host. Tallinn is Ark. Thanks for joining me. And today we've been speaking with Brewster Kale, Internet legend and founder of the Internet archive back to our interview. So my listeners understand the context too. Yeah, there's [00:19:30] a really tragic story of Aaron Schwartz that just happened right now. And so there is this question of public domain information and what's open. Can you as a leader at the vanguard of this movement, can you just explain it a little bit about his story? [inaudible] Speaker 2:what a tragedy. Aaron Short is, squirts a good friend and he worked here at the Internet Archive, was a, uh, was the guiding light. Um, he sort of entered the field when he was 14 years old and helped form creative Commons. And when we did the Internet [00:20:00] bookmobile making free books for people, he was involved in and playing a role peripheral at that, at that realm. But he was central towards this be creating of the creative comments, which is kind of 14, 15, 16 years old. Um, and he lived a very public life. He would just publish everything. You sort of lived on the net. He was, I learned what an open source life was like by watching him. Um, so he didn't really have [00:20:30] private journals. He kept it public. Um, and he strove to bring public access to the public domain. And you think that this is, of course, you know, if it's public domain, there'd be public access to it. Speaker 2:And I was like, well, there's some people that aren't that interested in it and he ran up against them. So he made a court records available that were being sold by the government to try and make cost recovery. So he would, uh, made a system to try to make it, [00:21:00] um, such the court documents that were public domain went onto the Internet archive. And this was working with some folks at Princeton and Carl Malamud who lives up in Sebastopol, um, the Internet archive all working together on this. But he did it so fast because he was a good, good at writing script that, uh, the library that he was downloading them from, um, got noticed by the database provider, which I happened to be the government [00:21:30] and they called the FBI on them, called the FBI on somebody to go and, because they're reading the public domain too fast, but this is what happened. Speaker 2:And then, uh, the FBI found that they didn't have anything that could, uh, Hassell this, um, guy with. So there wasn't an ongoing investigation. And then Aaron, uh, wanted to bring public access to the Google books that were done, um, that were in copyright, that were digitized from places like Berkeley [00:22:00] and others. And, uh, and so he went and freed those. And actually there's Google to their credit, didn't complain. Um, but the library, some of the libraries complained to us because Aaron went and put those books on the Internet archive again and we pointed back to Google to see where they came from. And, um, but they're public domain and so was basically just liberating the public domain. And when Aaron started downloading a lot of journal literature from a, from a digital library called j store, [00:22:30] um, a nonprofit, uh, j store got all upset and, uh, told MIT, which is where it was going, it was being downloaded. Speaker 2:There's somebody that's downloading too many articles. And I, MIT went chase down, uh, Aaron and, uh, I think made the tragic mistake of calling the cops. And once the cops were involved and they escalated to the federal government and the federal government put into the secret service and [00:23:00] they made a federal case out of some young guy going and downloading too many old journal articles, um, and not even making them publicly available, maybe it would have made me window. But, um, what's the, what's the problem? And this went on for a couple of years and um, according to the family and his girlfriend made him so depressed and really dragged him down that had contributed to deciding to commit suicide last week. And, [00:23:30] uh, absolutely tragedy. So real starve our community and the federal government came down on somebody. I was trying to do something fundamentally good. And actually it's something that happens all day long every day. People are downloading masses of things from the Internet archive and other digital libraries all the time. And for some reason, um, they thought this kid should be stopped. Speaker 1:And it's so counterintuitive and it's public domain information. That's what I think [00:24:00] as, as you know, people who are growing up on the Internet [inaudible] people at some of the show of students, they don't know anything besides having this wonderful tool at their disposal and find all the information I think could possibly ever want. But it seems with this story and where, you know, it highlights the fact that this isn't something we should take for granted. It's something that we actually actively protecting and fighting for. Speaker 2:Yes, we should be actively protecting the Wikipedia is the Erin Schwartz is the, uh, uh, I'd say [00:24:30] the Internet Archive, the um, uh, Carl Malamud's public, um, public resource.org, um, that are people that are trying to build open access models. This, this bunch in the bay area. There's the Public Library of science, which is trying to, uh, get around the monopoly of, of some of these journal publishers that are, um, not allowing, um, new computer research data mining techniques to be applied. So [00:25:00] there's a real problems to what's going on out there. And there's a schism. There's a, there's a conflict and the Aaron Schwartz suicide, I think really highlighted that we're not out of the woods, but there are people that want to lock everything down and want cell phones that you can't go and play with you. You want to make it so that you can't go and install any software you want to on a computer, um, that you can't just read anything. Or if you do read anything that they'll know about it. And, and that this type of thing has got [00:25:30] to stop. It really doesn't lead to a world that we want to live in. Speaker 1:Well, thank you so much for your time today. I really appreciate it. And you know, as someone who's created a organization that is really dedicated to trying to advance, you know, the acquisition of knowledge for the human race, I wanted to ask you, how do you create an organization that endorsed, like obviously when you're trying to do is create something that goes on Speaker 2:forever? Um, yes. Well, archive.org and open library.org. [00:26:00] Well they go on forever. I hope so. But the, what happens to libraries is they're burned historically. That's just what happens. So library, Congress has already burned once. Library of Alexandria of course is famous for not being around anymore. So designed for it. So make copies. Um, so put other copies in other places. So we've already donated, um, early on about 10 years ago, a full copy of, of the web collection to the library of Alexandria in Egypt. [00:26:30] And there's a partial copy of our, uh, our collections in Amsterdam. So when there are five or six of these around the world and I think I can sleep cause the, what happens is they burn and they're burned by governments. Now it's not a political statement, it's just historically what happens. The new guys don't like the old stuff around theirs, sorry about it afterwards and they, you know, 50 or a hundred years from then they tend to want to have it back. Speaker 2:Um, but often it's too late. But if we had other copies and [00:27:00] other places we could make this work and this takes real work, real, um, real money effort, um, could use all the help we could. Uh, any, any volunteers or any effort from the University of California community? Um, we're just over in San Francisco. We'd love to have visits. We'd love to have five ways to work with more people. Great. That's a great segue to my last question and how do I, if our listeners want to get involved in fighting this good fight, how do they get involved? Um, [00:27:30] please visit archive.org and open library.org. Um, take a look. Play around with it. Try uploading some things. Are you downloading some things? If you're, um, if you've got extra books we want, well, we'll preserve one of every different book that we can get Ahold of. We only have 600,000, so we probably don't have the books that you've got. Um, we could use volunteer effort. We could, uh, people do collections, technical people, all sorts of mechanisms of getting [00:28:00] involved in the Internet archive and the open access movement in general. Okay, great. Well, thanks so much for sharing. Thank you very much. Speaker 1:You've been listening to method to the madness on k a l x Berkeley 90.7 FM. Thanks for joining us and thanks to Brewster Kale, as he's mentioned, you can learn more about his organization, archive.org. You'll learn more about us and method to the medis.org. Thanks for listening. Everybody. See in a couple of weeks Speaker 4:[inaudible]. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.
This week we sit down with Carl Malamud, who with the group Public.Resource.org is pushing to put law in the public domain. We covered the issue of copyright on law a few months ago in Radio Berkman 129, where Steve Schultze introduced us to RECAP – a software that helps legal researchers bypass hefty fees for access to legal documents. There is now a movement afoot, not just to bypass the system that puts law behind a paywall, but to remove it altogether. If you think this is a small issue – note that Americans spend some $10 billion a year just to access legal documents, everything from local building codes to Supreme Court records. The Executive Branch alone pays $50 million to access district court records. Some cash-strapped law schools ration students’ access to per-page charging services for legal records. And journalists, non-profits, and average citizens interested in legal research are feeling just as nickeled-and-dimed by fees. David Weinberger and Carl Malamud sat down to talk about the chances for freeing the written word of the law. CC Music this week: General Fuzz – “Cream” Ghost – “Ice and Chilli”
The "Law.Gov" movement is a campaign to put all primary legal materials in the public domain. Some call it "democratizing" law. Attorney and co-host, Bob Ambrogi welcomes Carl Malamud, founder of Public.Resource.org and Tom Bruce, the Director of the Legal Information Institute at Cornell University Law School, to share with us the latest on Law.Gov. Carl and Tom explore the Law.Gov movement, the benefit of public access to legal materials and who opposes the idea as well as the various workshops across the states.
Carl Malamud, of Public.Resource.org will be our guest. We'll discuss Law.Gov and other digital preservation and open access issues.
The legal publishing market is a nearly $5 billion business. However, some have taken case law into the public domain, calling it free case law, which allows attorneys, legal scholars, and the general public to have public access to decisions for State & Federal Courts and the U.S. Supreme Court. Law.com bloggers and co-hosts, J. Craig Williams and Bob Ambrogi, discuss this hot topic with the experts: Professor Thomas F. Bruce, Director of the Legal Information Institute at Cornell University Law School, Carl Malamud, founder of Public.Resource.org and Andy Martens, Senior Vice President of New Product Development, from Thomson West. Bob, Craig and guests will explore the controversy over whose public records are they?
While much of the focus on intellectual property goes to battles over copyright or patents, we should not forget that a large proportion of such material is not property at all. The public domain is available for all to use. Of particular interest for the public domain is the U.S. government, all of whose work is available without restriction for all of us to use. In this lecture, Carl Malamud explains the principles of the public domain with particular emphasis on the works of government. He will discuss how government often backs away from the clear principle of no property interests in order to maintain control, and how citizens can change that attitude through concrete actions. Malamud will use his own experience in forcing changes in government policy with numerous agencies to illustrate these general principles. (A Flash presentation including the audio and Carl's slides/movies is available here.)
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