Podcasts about chater

Psychologists and neuroscientists struggle with how best to interpret human motivation and decision making. The assumption is that below a mental “surface” of conscious awareness lies a deep and complex set of inner beliefs, values, and desires that govern our thoughts, ideas, and actions, and that to know this depth is to know ourselves. In the The Mind Is Flat: The Remarkable Shallowness of the Improvising Brain (Yale UP, 2019), behavioural scientist Nick Chater contends just the opposite: rather than being the plaything of unconscious currents, the brain generates behaviors in the moment based entirely on our past experiences. Engaging the reader with eye-opening experiments and visual examples, Chater first demolishes our intuitive sense of how our mind works, then argues for a positive interpretation of the brain as a ceaseless and creative improviser. Dr. Nick Chater is Professor of behavioral science at the Warwick Business School and cofounder of Decision Technology Ltd. He has contributed to more than two hundred articles and book chapters and is author, co-author, or co-editor of fourteen books. Dr. John Griffiths (@neurodidact) is an Assistant Professor at the University of Toronto, and Head of Whole Brain Modelling at the CAMH Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics. His research group (www.grifflab.com) works at the intersection of computational neuroscience and neuroimaging, building simulations of human brain activity aimed at improving the understanding and treatment of neuropsychiatric and neurological illness. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network

Psychologists and neuroscientists struggle with how best to interpret human motivation and decision making. The assumption is that below a mental “surface” of conscious awareness lies a deep and complex set of inner beliefs, values, and desires that govern our thoughts, ideas, and actions, and that to know this depth is to know ourselves. In the The Mind Is Flat: The Remarkable Shallowness of the Improvising Brain (Yale UP, 2019), behavioural scientist Nick Chater contends just the opposite: rather than being the plaything of unconscious currents, the brain generates behaviors in the moment based entirely on our past experiences. Engaging the reader with eye-opening experiments and visual examples, Chater first demolishes our intuitive sense of how our mind works, then argues for a positive interpretation of the brain as a ceaseless and creative improviser. Dr. Nick Chater is Professor of behavioral science at the Warwick Business School and cofounder of Decision Technology Ltd. He has contributed to more than two hundred articles and book chapters and is author, co-author, or co-editor of fourteen books. Dr. John Griffiths (@neurodidact) is an Assistant Professor at the University of Toronto, and Head of Whole Brain Modelling at the CAMH Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics. His research group (www.grifflab.com) works at the intersection of computational neuroscience and neuroimaging, building simulations of human brain activity aimed at improving the understanding and treatment of neuropsychiatric and neurological illness. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/science

Psychologists and neuroscientists struggle with how best to interpret human motivation and decision making. The assumption is that below a mental “surface” of conscious awareness lies a deep and complex set of inner beliefs, values, and desires that govern our thoughts, ideas, and actions, and that to know this depth is to know ourselves. In the The Mind Is Flat: The Remarkable Shallowness of the Improvising Brain (Yale UP, 2019), behavioural scientist Nick Chater contends just the opposite: rather than being the plaything of unconscious currents, the brain generates behaviors in the moment based entirely on our past experiences. Engaging the reader with eye-opening experiments and visual examples, Chater first demolishes our intuitive sense of how our mind works, then argues for a positive interpretation of the brain as a ceaseless and creative improviser. Dr. Nick Chater is Professor of behavioral science at the Warwick Business School and cofounder of Decision Technology Ltd. He has contributed to more than two hundred articles and book chapters and is author, co-author, or co-editor of fourteen books. Dr. John Griffiths (@neurodidact) is an Assistant Professor at the University of Toronto, and Head of Whole Brain Modelling at the CAMH Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics. His research group (www.grifflab.com) works at the intersection of computational neuroscience and neuroimaging, building simulations of human brain activity aimed at improving the understanding and treatment of neuropsychiatric and neurological illness. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/psychology

Psychologists and neuroscientists struggle with how best to interpret human motivation and decision making. The assumption is that below a mental “surface” of conscious awareness lies a deep and complex set of inner beliefs, values, and desires that govern our thoughts, ideas, and actions, and that to know this depth is to know ourselves. In the The Mind Is Flat: The Remarkable Shallowness of the Improvising Brain (Yale UP, 2019), behavioural scientist Nick Chater contends just the opposite: rather than being the plaything of unconscious currents, the brain generates behaviors in the moment based entirely on our past experiences. Engaging the reader with eye-opening experiments and visual examples, Chater first demolishes our intuitive sense of how our mind works, then argues for a positive interpretation of the brain as a ceaseless and creative improviser. Dr. Nick Chater is Professor of behavioral science at the Warwick Business School and cofounder of Decision Technology Ltd. He has contributed to more than two hundred articles and book chapters and is author, co-author, or co-editor of fourteen books. Dr. John Griffiths (@neurodidact) is an Assistant Professor at the University of Toronto, and Head of Whole Brain Modelling at the CAMH Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics. His research group (www.grifflab.com) works at the intersection of computational neuroscience and neuroimaging, building simulations of human brain activity aimed at improving the understanding and treatment of neuropsychiatric and neurological illness. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/science-technology-and-society

David Chater is an award-winning British broadcast journalist who has worked in international television news for over 40 years. He has reported for Independent Television News, Sky News and Al Jazeera English from pretty much every conflict you can think of. He's reported on the Falklands War, the Yugoslavian Homeland Wars, the First Gulf War, the Second Gulf War, the Sri Lankan civil war, the war in Afghanistan, the second Chechen War. He's been in the middle of a Scud missile attack, a grad rocket attack was in the middle of Operation Shock and Awe in Baghdad and was shot in the back by a sniper which required life-saving surgery. He has stepped away from international conflicts and is enjoying his new life as an olive farmer.David reporting live on Sky News on April 9th 2003 as US troops occupied Baghdad as part of in invasion of Iraq: Part 1 Part 2 Part 3The Cluster F Theory Podcast is edited by Julian Mayers at Yada Yada: https://www.yada-yada.net/ This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit theclusterftheory.substack.com

Story: Nuptiae Sub Rosa Author: SisterSpooky1013 & XFMaweezy Rating: Explicit Site link: https://archiveofourown.org/works/34967677?view_full_work=true Read by: Katy_KT_Katie Summary: A series of canon-compliant missing scenes showing that some dynamics of Mulder and Scully's relationship may have changed much earlier than previously thought. Used by the author's permission. The characters in these works are not the property of the Audio Fanfic Podcast or the author and are not being posted for profit.

Ok this episode we discussed how men have to do more than “not” cheat to be a good man

Charter Schools are on the way back thanks to ACT however Labour says the Government's reintroduction of charter schools is "driven by ideology rather than evidence" and says it's going "too hard too fast". ====================================== Come support the work we're doing by becoming a Patron of ⁠⁠#BHN⁠⁠ www.patreon.com/BigHairyNews⁠ Merch available at www.BHNShop.nz Like us on Facebook www.facebook.com/BigHairyNews Follow us on Twitter. @patbrittenden @Chewie_NZ

Giles Chater, COO of Spartan/Tough Mudder comes on to talk about the return of team money to World's Toughest Mudder, plus a true relay style and other changes. Follow this week's guests: Giles Chater Use code ORM for all Tough Mudder and Spartan Races for 20 percent off. Support Us On Patreon for LOTS MORE behind the scenes. All other Obstacle Racing Media Links. Intro  Music – Paul B. Outro Music – Brian Revels and John Wesley Harding.

The second Paragraph Of The Hamas Chater, Says to "Kill All Jews". --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/christmediapolitcs/support

Nick Chater is Professor of Behavioural Science at Warwick Business School, who works on rationality and language using a range of theoretical and experimental approaches. We discuss his books The Mind is Flat, and the Language Game. Please support me on Patreon (this is now my main job!) - https://patreon.com/mlst - Access the private Discord, networking, and early access to content. MLST Discord: https://discord.gg/machine-learning-street-talk-mlst-937356144060530778 https://twitter.com/MLStreetTalk Buy The Language Game: https://amzn.to/3SRHjPm Buy The Mind is Flat: https://amzn.to/3P3BUUC YT version: https://youtu.be/5cBS6COzLN4 https://www.wbs.ac.uk/about/person/nick-chater/ https://twitter.com/nickjchater?lang=en

TEACHING SERIES: Story SERMON TITLE: A Story That Break The Rules BY: Sarah Auger DATE: Sunday 24 September 2023 BIBLE PASSAGES: Mark – Chapter 2, verses 18 to Chater 3, verse 6. Mark – Chapter 7 (all). EXCERPT: Most classic stories have a good and a bad main character. But what if the line between good and bad isn't as clear cut as you realise. Jesus showed a new way to know God that was not based on doing good things or following a set of rules, but was instead about relationship and loving God with your whole heart. Welcome: What's true of Riverside Church when we meet together in-person is still true of us online. We are on a journey together to help people get to know Jesus and grow as his followers across Birmingham and beyond. Riverside is a church made up of people from a diversity of backgrounds and experiences all with one thing in common; our discovery of God and His amazing love. We hope you will feel at home among us and that you will find our weekly services, events and groups welcoming and relevant to your life. Whoever you are, whatever you believe, you're so welcome in this community. To find out more about Riverside Church please visit our website: https://riverside-church.org.uk/ Useful Links: # OUR WEBSITE: https://riverside-church.org.uk/ # READ ONLINE (Church Blog) - https://www.riverside-churchblog.org.uk/ # WATCH ONLINE (YouTube) - https://www.youtube.com/RiversideChurchBirmingham

Kelly has a fascinating conversation with scholars Morten Christiansen and Nick Chater to talk about their new book, “The Language Game: How Improvisation Created Language and Changed the World.”  “Actual language is always a matter of improvisation, of finding an effective way to meet the communicative demands of the moment.”  “Language is continually invented in the […]

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In this episode, we're thrilled to host Nick Chater, an esteemed Professor of Behavioural Science at Warwick Business School. Nick is a leading figure in his field, focusing his research on the cognitive and social foundations of rationality. He is the co-founder and Director of the research consultancy Decision Technology Ltd, and has written engaging books like "The Language Game: How Improvisation Created Language and Changed the World" and "The Mind is Flat: The Remarkable Shallowness of the Improvising Brain". Join us as we delve into a captivating conversation with Nick on the application of behavioral science to public policy. We discuss the fascinating interplay between various branches of behavioral science and their implications in real-world policy decisions, bridging the gap between theory and practice. For our product deep-dive, we navigate the intriguing world of autonomous vehicles, examining their design and impact through the lens of behavioral science. In addition, we explore Nick's provocative paper co-authored with George Loewenstein on I frames vs. S frames. -- Support the podcast by joining ⁠⁠⁠⁠Habit Weekly Pro⁠⁠⁠⁠

Doctor Bruce Chater has happily worked in rural areas all his life. And he wants others to do the same. “I've been working for really 30 years to try and get the evidence base for what works for getting doctors out into rural areas. And really, it comes down to inspiration,” he explains. Chater is going to retire, so he's handing in the keys to the Theodore Medical Centre. Following in his footsteps: Elizabeth Clarkson. “It almost brings tears to my eyes, I'm really proud of Liz, she's got the right stuff,” says Chater. Two years ago, Clarkson arrived in Theodore and started working as a GP. “They're certainly big shoes to step into. But it's exciting,” says Clarkson. Clarkson, her husband and their one-year-old daughter are very pleased to be part of the local community. “I'm really happy that I'm raising my daughter and we've got another one on the way, in a really nice small town,” says Clarkson. Technically, the center where Chater and Clarkson work has two-and-a-half full-time doctors. But Chater believes every town should have at least three doctors for a medical practice to be efficient. “You need that to allow adequate time off. You get less than two doctors out of that, by the time they have their leave,” explains Chater. Theodore has a well-staffed medical practice but that's unusual for a rural town in Australia. Many of its counterparts in the rest of the country are finding it hard to attract and keep doctors. “That can be improved significantly, though, if we can ensure that rural careers are as attractive as other careers in medicine,” says Matt Nasel of the Rural Doctors Association of Queensland. Clarkson hopes to inspire others to follow in Doctor Chater and her footsteps by turning the bush into their new office. This article was provided by The Associated Press.

5x15 is delighted to announce a new series of events in collaboration with Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. From spring into summer, we will host a range of expert writers, thinkers and scientists from Kew. They will reflect on what we must do to prevent biodiversity loss and protect life on Earth, and address some of the most important questions of our time. The series kicks off in April with a panel about Foods of the Future. From the benefits of no-dig gardening and new crop techniques, to the versatility of legumes and the power of regenerative farming, this discussion will offer an exciting look at how we keep our diets diverse and sustainable in the future. Our expert panel of speakers will be in conversation with cross-bench peer and 5x15 co-founder Rosie Boycott. Dr Caspar Chater's research seeks to improve crop resilience and adaptation to the climate crisis. Chater's work tackles crop water use and drought responses, focusing on legumes as well as other crops. A large part of Chatter's research has a regional focus in Mexico and Latin America. He currently coordinates Newton Fund and Global Challenges Research Fund projects in collaboration with the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) and the University of Sheffield. In addition to exploring crop genetic diversity, he hopes to use targeted molecular methods for pre-breeding underutilized crops and crop wild relatives. By doing so we can make full use of plant diversity to address increasing global food security and water security challenges. Helena Dove is a Botanical Horticulturist who manages Edible Science: Kew's Kitchen Garden at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Trained in a historic setting, and having previously managed an Edwardian kitchen garden, she has a passion for heritage vegetables, edible flowers and unusual crops that may not immediately be thought of as food. Many of the crops she grows have a slant towards future foods and the scientific research that takes place at RBG, Kew. Sarah Langford is the author of the Sunday Times bestseller In Your Defence: Stories of Life and Law. For ten years, she worked in criminal and family law in London and around the UK. Coming from a farming background in Hampshire, she studied English at University before training as a barrister. Sarah left the Bar on maternity leave to have her two sons. In 2017 she moved to Suffolk and, together with her husband, took on the management of his small family farm. She now lives between Southwest London and Suffolk. In her book Rooted: How Regenerative Farming Can Change the World, Sarah weaves her own story around those who taught her what it means to be a farmer. Anna Taylor joined The Food Foundation as its first Executive Director at the beginning of June 2015 after 5 years at the Department for International Development. In 2014 she was awarded an OBE for her work to address the global burden of undernutrition. She did a MSc in Human Nutrition at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine in 1994. In May 2017 Anna became a member of the London Food Board to advise the Mayor of London and the GLA on the food matters that affect Londoners. She is a Board member for Veg Power and an advisor to the International Food Policy Research Institute. She served as Chief Independent Adviser to Henry Dimbleby for the development of the National Food Strategy published in 2021. The second online event will take place on Wednesday 24th May, and the series will culminate with a very special live 5x15 event in the Temperate House at Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew on Wednesday 21st June, with Kew's Director of Science, Prof Alexandre Antonelli, and further speakers to be announced soon… With thanks for your support for 5x15 online! Learn more about 5x15 events: 5x15stories.com Twitter: www.twitter.com/5x15stories Facebook: www.facebook.com/5x15stories Instagram: www.instagram.com/5x15stories

Justin Trudeau actually celebrates the Charter 41 years but the 'PEOPLE' have something to say

Kacie's Bio My journey started nearly 6 years ago when my nan passed away on the anniversary of my mom's passing.The brick wall my brain put up after my mum passed away when I was 14 years old came crumbling down.All the emotions I stored from the age of 14 came to the surface, I then realized I had no memories of my childhood, a survival pattern our brain does to cope with a traumatic event. I was in an industry that was mentally and physically tough and as a result, I completely lost myself and I was letting others dictate how I would feel and think about myself. I had to heal my gut and I fell in love with gut health, the gut-brain connection, and finding the root cause. I then found the tools and techniques that completely changed the game for me, and I became: Master Certified Coach of Neuro Transformation TherapyMaster Certified Practitioner of Neuro Transformation TherapyMaster Certified Practitioner of Timeline Transformation TherapyNow I help women and men release blocked and stored emotions from past trauma to become confident and in control of their emotions and well-being. I strive to find the root cause of everyone. Connect with Kacie Website: https://kaciechatercoaching.com/homepage56841062Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/kacie.chater/Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/kaciechater/ Get full access to Gemma's Gem blog & Real Talk Real Women podcast at gemmasgem.substack.com/subscribe

Jim talks with Morten Christiansen and Nick Chater about their new book The Language Game: How Improvisation Created Language and Changed the World. They discuss the game of charades & its relevance to the evolution of language, the false myth of a pure language, language as self-organizing system, Captain Cook's encounter with indigenous South Americans, pidgins & creoles, gesture & vocalization, language & tool construction, the communication iceberg metaphor, misunderstandings in relationships, the now-or-never bottleneck, language understanding vs language production, genetic capacity for sequence-action-sequence tasks, chaotic improvisation as the core, the complaint that the young are ruining the language, the unbearable lightness of meaning, the miracle of sloppiness, order & disorder, word order & frozen accidents, language evolution without biological evolution, ChatGPT as a demonstration of how far learning from experience can get you, a poetry Turing test, and much more. The Language Game has been featured on Behavioral Scientist's Notable Books of 2022. Morten and Nick's previous co-authored book Creating Language: Integrating Evolution, Acquisition, and Processing (MIT Press 2016) was named the Choice Outstanding Academic Title in 2017. Episode Transcript JRS EP75 - Nick Chater: “The Mind Is Flat” The Language Game: How Improvisation Created Language and Changed the World, by Morten Christiansen & Nick Chater Simpler Syntax, by Peter Culicover & Ray Jackendoff Syntactic Nuts: Hard Cases, Syntactic Theory, and Language Acquisition, by Peter W. Culicover Morten H. Christiansen is the William R. Kenan, Jr. Professor of Psychology at Cornell University, Professor in Cognitive Science of Language at the School of Communication and Culture and the Interacting Minds Centre at Aarhus University, Denmark, as well as a Senior Scientist at the Haskins Labs. His research focuses on the interaction of biological and environmental constraints in the evolution, acquisition and processing of language. He was awarded the Cognitive Psychology Section Award from the British Psychological Society in 2013 and a Charles A. Ryskamp Research Fellowship from the American Council of Learned Societies in 2006. Christiansen was elected as a foreign member of the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters and of the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters, as well as elected Fellow of the Association for Psychological Science and of the Cognitive Science Society. Christiansen is the author of over 250 scientific papers and has edited four books and authored two monographs. Nick Chater is a Professor of Behavioral Science at Warwick Business School. His research focuses on the cognitive and social foundations of rationality, with applications to business and public policy. He has (co-)written more than two hundred research papers and six books. His research has won awards including the British Psychological Society's Spearman Medal (1996); the Experimental Psychology Society Prize (1997); and the Cognitive Science Society's life-time achievement award, the David E Rumelhart Prize (to be awarded in 2023). His book, The Mind is Flat, won the American Association of Publishers PROSE Award in 2019, for Best book in Clinical Psychology. Nick is a fellow of the British Academy, the Cognitive Science Society and the Association for Psychological Science. He is a co-founder of the research consultancy Decision Technology; has served on the advisory board of the Behavioural Insight Team (popularly known as the 'Nudge Unit'); and been a member of the UK government's Climate Change Committee. He co-created, and was resident scientist on, eight series of the BBC Radio 4 show The Human Zoo.

Jayne Chater with Altris shares two short posts providing advice for working mothers Episode 1646: Corporate Mums – How Present Are You? AND The “Super-Doer” Working Mum by Jayne Chater Altris has a range of specialised Leadership Development and Executive Coaching solutions. They believe that each leader, team and organisation is unique and therefore the solutions they deliver must be distinctive.  The original posts are located here: http://blog.altris.co.nz/?p=199 & http://blog.altris.co.nz/?p=1445 Visit Me Online at OLDPodcast.com Interested in advertising on the show? Visit https://www.advertisecast.com/OptimalRelationshipsDailyMarriageParenting Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Giles Chater is the CEO of Tough Mudder and Senior Vice President of Spartan. He was at the World Toughest Mudder event and spoke on the No Excuses podcast with Sean Corvell. He reflected on the event, the team, the community and the culture of Tough Mudder. He was very proud of the progress the team had made, particularly re-building the team from scratch and introducing slides and bibs for adaptive athletes. At the end of the event, he was seen expressing his joy at the accomplishments of the runners and was very smooth and charming when speaking on the mic."No matter how much progress we make, there is always more progress to be made and that energizes us to be able to again."LISTEN on APPLE PODCASTS https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/no-excuses-the-official-tough-mudder-podcast/id1551716219?uo=4LISTEN on SPOTIFY https://open.spotify.com/show/2gocW3wZxJ34iBwhZ7BI4qLISTEN on GOOGLE podcasthttps://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5idXp6c3Byb3V0LmNvbS8xNTYwMjA2LnJzcw==Tough Mudderhttps://www.facebook.com/toughmudder/https://www.instagram.com/toughmudder/https://www.youtube.com/user/ToughMudderhttps://twitter.com/ToughMudder

The story of language is the story of humanity; the new understanding of language that our guests outline in this book radically revises our conception of ourselves. In today's book, our guests outline a revolutionary perspective that overhauls almost everything we thought we knew about language. We will hear how the game of charades reveals deep insights into how language works. We'll hear how our brain can improvise linguistic ‘moves' at an astonishingly rapid rate. We'll hear how languages are in continual flux, how people without a common tongue can rapidly create a language from scratch, and why it's likely that language has been independently reinvented countless times. We will realise how the creation of language is not only important in itself – it also changed the nature of evolution. It's a pleasure to welcome the authors of The Language Game- How Improvisation Created Language and Changed the World., Nick Chater and Morten H. Christiansen Find Nick here: https://www.wbs.ac.uk/about/person/nick-chater/ https://twitter.com/nickjchater Find Morten here: https://csl-lab.psych.cornell.edu https://twitter.com/mh_christiansen

My guest today is Nick Chater, a Professor of Behavioural Science at Warwick Business School. Nick is an influential cognitive scientist with a wide-range of interests, which these days often tend toward public policy. But in 2018, he published a book, trying to draw some culminating insights from the disparate pieces of his own work in cognitive science as well as the field more broadly. He came to the conclusion that we have dramatically misunderstood important aspects about what the overall picture of the mind looks like. He called the book The Mind Is Flat.And by ‘we' Nick means essentially... everyone. His argument is that the notion of the unconscious we've grown accustomed to over the last century or so is fundamentally flawed. We attribute all sorts of hidden ‘beliefs' and ‘desires' and other psychological motivations to the murky depths of the subconscious mind. But according to Chater, they aren't really there. They're fictions. There is no such thing as a ‘desire' you don't know about. According to Chater, what you see of the mind is what you get.It's a strange argument. Particularly because pretty much every modern theory in psychology and cognitive science presupposes there is some sort of cognitive infrastructure supporting beliefs, goals, and intentions below the surface of conscious thought. So what evidence does he have there are no such things as hidden beliefs? It's a good question. But another way to frame it is: what evidence do we have that makes us so confident that are minds are a kind of mental iceberg of which we can only see the very tip?That's not to say that there's no structure to the mind. But we've never seen a belief — how can we be so sure of what one would look like? I think there's a certain story about the depths of the unconscious mind that we've started to take for granted. I think it's worth taking some time to rethink that.Nick's alternative is that the mind is continuously improvising, deploying behavior to maintain consistency with an on-going narrative. Instead of simple psychological causes (“She believed x and wanted y, so she did z”), we are acting in a way to stay ‘in-character' within our own story. We are like fiction authors, not constructing behavior based on firm psychological truths, but rather seeking consistency, continuinity, and growth in the arc of our character's development. According to Nick, to say that the rest of us are acting based on some engimatic psychological depths is no more true than to say a fictional character is doing so. The story is all there is.Here's Nick's alternative model, in his own words:An improvising mind, unmoored from stable beliefs and desires, might seem to be a recipe for mental chaos. I shall argue that the opposite is true: the very task of our improvising mind is to make our thoughts and behaviour as coherent as possible — to stay ‘in character' as well as we are able. To do so, our brains must strive continually to think and act in the current moment in a way that aligns as well as possible with our prior thoughts and actions. We are like judges deciding each new legal case by refering to, and reinterpreting, an ever-growing body of previous cases. So the secret of our minds lies not in supposed hidden depths, but in our remarkable ability to creatively improvise our present, on the theme of our past.Nick introduces the concept of a mental tradition as the infrastructure of the mind. We get into it a little later on in our conversation. To be honest, I'm not entirely sure what he means by the term; but I like it. It takes a well-worn concept (“habit”) and articulates it with a fresh conceptual edge. At one point, I press Nick and ask him point blank whether he thinks habits exist. He says he doesn't. I couldn't tell you the exact difference between a habit and a mental tradition. But Nick's position, as I've understood it, is that typically we believe we act according to ‘preferences'. I like coffee, so I get it first thing in the morning. No, he says. In fact, you're acting according to a mental tradition.In preparation for this conversation, I found myself thinking through Nick's improvising metaphor with my own understanding of the concept — through my training as a jazz musician. If you were to ask an improvising musician about why they chose to play a specific note, they'd be able to construct a story, supported by music theory, about why that note works in the way it does. But that's just a post-hoc story. It doesn't describe in any meaningful sense for why that particular note was produced in the first place, as opposed to any other note which could have a music theoretical justification.Yet that's not to say there's no depth. The underlying harmony does cause the note to come about in a very real sense. The musician is responding to structure. They're not acting alone. They're collaborating with the structure: the structure of the music, as well as the other musicians. That strikes me as a kind of depth, and one that has not just significance in the metaphor itself but also in our concept of the structure of the mind.So what are the stakes here? Suppose this theory is true, as Nick presents it, what might the implications be? Here's one idea:If there are no psychological depths to be found, the only psychological "truths" are the stories we tell about ourselves and others. They are "true" by virtue of the fact that we're telling them, in the same way there are truths about Anna Karenina simply because that's how Tolstoy told the story. There's something liberating about this. We're no longer committed to defending the ‘why' of our actions, at least from the perspective of a single motivating psychological variable. This is often what we reach for when trying to hold others to account. That may be necessary in the courtroom. But I think it's the source of a lot of tension in our interpersonal relationships — the need to specify what caused someone to behave in a certain way. Rather, we get to look at through a different lens. We get to say okay, this is what I've done. How does it fit into the overall story? The theory actually gives us an explanation for why the question "why did you do that?" can be the source of so much emotional violence in a relationship. There is really no answer. Therefore any answer is necessarily wrong and inadequate. And any expectation of an adequate answer is inevitably let down.At any rate, this argument by Nick makes me think of something said in a recent episode with Sam Gershman. The point of a model is not to be right. The point is to articulate the space of possibilities. I do think Nick is right that psychology—with the exception of 20th century Behaviorism—has for a long time taken for granted that there are some sort of depths to the mind. His argument is useful because it attempts to paint a clear and compelling version of the alternative. Whether or not he's onto something, I'll leave up to you. But I think part of the exercise of thinking through his position is about gaining a better understanding of what we take for granted in the conventional ways we talk about our own mental lives. Perhaps the mind isn't exactly flat, as Nick says, but I think it's say to safe that we're inclined to ascribe more depth to our minds than is merited—telling more than we can know, as Richard Nisbett called it. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit codykommers.substack.com/subscribe

Jayne Chater with Altris shares 10 top tips for returning parents. Episode 163: 10 Top Tips for Returning Parents by Jayne Chater with Altris on Preparing to Return to Work After Having A Baby Altris has a range of specialised Leadership Development and Executive Coaching solutions. They believe that each leader, team and organisation is unique and therefore the solutions they deliver must be distinctive. The original post is located here: http://blog.altris.co.nz/?p=1267  Visit Me Online at OLDPodcast.com  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Jayne Chater with Altris shares 5 steps to confidence and success. Episode 1577: 5 Steps To Confidence and Success by Jayne Chater Altris has a range of specialised Leadership Development and Executive Coaching solutions. They believe that each leader, team and organisation is unique and therefore the solutions they deliver must be distinctive. The original post is located here: http://blog.altris.co.nz/?p=1770 Visit Me Online at OLDPodcast.com Interested in advertising on the show? Visit https://www.advertisecast.com/OptimalRelationshipsDailyMarriageParenting Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Liam and Freddie sit down and discussed everything with good friend and allround great guy, Rou Chater - Publisher of both Tonic Foiling magazine and IKSURF magazine, owner of Faceplant Eyewear , Intriguing Beings Podcast host... the list goes on! The man has his fingers in a fair few pies and its great to hear what snippets of info he's picked up along the way. We discuss his foiling story, his testing process for the mags, his thoughts on the kit in the wing industry at the moment as well as a tonne of other random shit that kept us chatting for ages - this one is our longest podcast yet, we await to hear your feedback - is it too long? not long enough? Check it out as always on Spotify, Pocketcaster and Apple Podcasts - just search Generic Foiling Pod. if you want to check out Rou's own podcast - have a look for 'Intriguing Beings' on all the same homes for podcasts as ours, as well as a tonne more no doubt! rate us 5 stars on spotify! send us some feedback!

Today we have a book study on the topic We Agnostics presented by four folks from the Big Book Awakening Womens Book Study group. This was two separate book study meetings both on the same topic so you get multiple perspectives. Its fairly obvious when it switches from one meeting to the next. Zoom One quick fyi, it did have an audio dropout of around 5 seconds on one of the meetings, so I removed the dead air and added a click track so you know what is what. This recording was provided by, The Big Book Awakening, a Womens Big Book Study for all who identify as Women and/or LBTQ+. They meet in person every Saturday in St. Paul Minnesota at 8:30am. If you would like to join them please visit https://westendaa.org Email: sobercast@gmail.com Support Sober Cast: https://sobercast.com/donate We have added a page of meetings that have moved online https://sobercast.com/online-meetings Sober Cast has 1900+ episodes available, visit SoberCast.com to access all the episodes where you can easily find topics or specific speakers using tags or search.

------------------Support the channel------------ Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/thedissenter PayPal: paypal.me/thedissenter PayPal Subscription 1 Dollar: https://tinyurl.com/yb3acuuy PayPal Subscription 3 Dollars: https://tinyurl.com/ybn6bg9l PayPal Subscription 5 Dollars: https://tinyurl.com/ycmr9gpz PayPal Subscription 10 Dollars: https://tinyurl.com/y9r3fc9m PayPal Subscription 20 Dollars: https://tinyurl.com/y95uvkao This show is sponsored by Enlites, Learning & Development done differently. Check the website here: http://enlites.com/ Dr. Nick Chater is Professor of Behavioural Science at Warwick Business School. He works on rationality and language using a range of theoretical and experimental approaches. Dr. Morten Christiansen is William R. Kenan, Jr. Professor of Psychology in the Department of Psychology at Cornell University. His research focuses on the interaction of biological and environmental constraints in the evolution, acquisition and processing of language. They are both authors of The Language Game: How Improvisation Created Language and Changed the World. In this episode, we focus on The Language Game. Topics include: the importance of language; language as a game of charades; cognitive mechanisms necessary for language; how languages evolved; linguistic communication as a cooperation process; improvisation; how we keep up with and chunk language; the meanings of words; Universal Grammar; why other species do not use language; if language is in decline; improving children's language skills; if language influences thought; and how language might shield us from the technological singularity. -- A HUGE THANK YOU TO MY PATRONS/SUPPORTERS: KARIN LIETZCKE, ANN BLANCHETTE, PER HELGE LARSEN, LAU GUERREIRO, JERRY MULLER, HANS FREDRIK SUNDE, BERNARDO SEIXAS, HERBERT GINTIS, RUTGER VOS, RICARDO VLADIMIRO, CRAIG HEALY, OLAF ALEX, PHILIP KURIAN, JONATHAN VISSER, JAKOB KLINKBY, ADAM KESSEL, MATTHEW WHITINGBIRD, ARNAUD WOLFF, TIM HOLLOSY, HENRIK AHLENIUS, JOHN CONNORS, PAULINA BARREN, FILIP FORS CONNOLLY, DAN DEMETRIOU, ROBERT WINDHAGER, RUI INACIO, ARTHUR KOH, ZOOP, MARCO NEVES, COLIN HOLBROOK, SUSAN PINKER, PABLO SANTURBANO, SIMON COLUMBUS, PHIL KAVANAGH, JORGE ESPINHA, CORY CLARK, MARK BLYTH, ROBERTO INGUANZO, MIKKEL STORMYR, ERIC NEURMANN, SAMUEL ANDREEFF, FRANCIS FORDE, TIAGO NUNES, BERNARD HUGUENEY, ALEXANDER DANNBAUER, FERGAL CUSSEN, YEVHEN BODRENKO, HAL HERZOG, NUNO MACHADO, DON ROSS, JONATHAN LEIBRANT, JOÃO LINHARES, OZLEM BULUT, NATHAN NGUYEN, STANTON T, SAMUEL CORREA, ERIK HAINES, MARK SMITH, J.W., JOÃO EIRA, TOM HUMMEL, SARDUS FRANCE, DAVID SLOAN WILSON, YACILA DEZA-ARAUJO, IDAN SOLON, ROMAIN ROCH, DMITRY GRIGORYEV, TOM ROTH, DIEGO LONDOÑO CORREA, YANICK PUNTER, ADANER USMANI, CHARLOTTE BLEASE, NICOLE BARBARO, ADAM HUNT, PAWEL OSTASZEWSKI, AL ORTIZ, NELLEKE BAK, KATHRINE AND PATRICK TOBIN, GUY MADISON, GARY G HELLMANN, SAIMA AFZAL, ADRIAN JAEGGI, NICK GOLDEN, PAULO TOLENTINO, JOÃO BARBOSA, JULIAN PRICE, EDWARD HALL, HEDIN BRØNNER, DOUGLAS P. FRY, FRANCA BORTOLOTTI, GABRIEL PONS CORTÈS, URSULA LITZCKE, DENISE COOK, SCOTT, ZACHARY FISH, TIM DUFFY, TRADERINNYC, AND TODD SHACKELFORD! A SPECIAL THANKS TO MY PRODUCERS, YZAR WEHBE, JIM FRANK, ŁUKASZ STAFINIAK, IAN GILLIGAN, LUIS CAYETANO, TOM VANEGDOM, CURTIS DIXON, BENEDIKT MUELLER, VEGA GIDEY, THOMAS TRUMBLE, AND NUNO ELDER! AND TO MY EXECUTIVE PRODUCERS, MICHAL RUSIECKI, ROSEY, JAMES PRATT, MATTHEW LAVENDER, SERGIU CODREANU, AND BOGDAN KANIVETS!

Jayne Chater with Altris shares 10 top tips for returning parents. Episode 007: 10 Top Tips for Returning Parents by Jayne Chater with Altris on Preparing to Return to Work After Having A Baby Altris has a range of specialised Leadership Development and Executive Coaching solutions. They believe that each leader, team and organisation is unique and therefore the solutions they deliver must be distinctive. The original post is located here: http://blog.altris.co.nz/?p=1267  Visit Me Online at OLDPodcast.com  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Jayne Chater with Altris shares her thoughts on the juggling act of work-life balance. Episode 1365: The Juggling Act by Jayne Chater with Altris on Work-Life Balance & Work Life Integration Altris has a range of specialised Leadership Development and Executive Coaching solutions. They believe that each leader, team and organisation is unique and therefore the solutions they deliver must be distinctive.  The original post is located here: http://blog.altris.co.nz/?p=1914 Visit Me Online at OLDPodcast.com Interested in advertising on the show? Visit https://www.advertisecast.com/OptimalRelationshipsDailyMarriageParenting Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Andy Hernandez Salazar, Jr just graduated from EdVenture Charter School in Palm Beach County, an ESE Center High School for students who struggle to make progress in a traditional school setting. We spoke with Andy about his experience at EdVenture Charter School, his desire to help others, and plans for the future. He recently earned a Serv Safe Food Handler certification and plans to attend Palm Beach State College. A straight A student with a 4.0 GPS, Andy voluntarily arrives at school early each morning to assist the kitchen staff with prep and set up and checks in on classmates throughout the day. "I take care of every student like they're part of my family. When he is not at school -- which he calls his second home. When not at school, Andy participates in a bowling league and cares for his many pets. "In the short time that Andy has been at EVCS he has encountered several unfortunate life experiences, including the sudden death of his mother. With all that life has thrown his way, Andy never allowed his negative experiences to derail him. Andy is a bright light at EVCS his resiliency is inspiring," says Barbara Fitz, Executive Director, EVCS. On this episode of Providing Choice, meet Andy https://www.edventurecharter.org/ #CharterGrad #Classof2022

Aclaramos cositas esenciales sobre nuestro videojuego y desvelamos lo que se cuece en el chateo totaler, todo ello mezclado con el salsero de las celebridades de Hollywood. Para mas información gravina82.com Para entrar en el Patreon Gravinero Enlace para tener acceso al GoogleDocs Gravinero. Enlace para tener acceso al Indice Gravinero. The post Episodio 232 (El Videojuego el chater totaler y la necesidad de operarse las caras) appeared first on Gravina 82.

Originating within the behavioral sciences, "nudging" has received attention as a way to achieve broad societal change by promoting small, individual adjustments. We're told, for instance, that if we all do our part reduce our carbon footprints we can stave off climate change. In today's episode, Yoel and Alexa consider a critique of "nudging" offered by Chater and Loewenstein. These authors argue that individual-level interventions often fail to accumulate to impressive societal change, and meanwhile distract from much needed system-level solutions. Also, Yoel claims to be less relatable than Alexa.

How is language like a game of charades? According to a new book, quite a lot. Charades players and language users improvise and work together to create meaning in a situation, and they get better at it as they reuse elements and build up patterns. Drs Morten Christiansen and Nick Chater explain their vision of language to Daniel and Hedvig on this episode of Because Language.  

Morten Christiansen is Professor of Psychology at Cornell University and Nick Chater is Professor of Behavioural Science at Warwick Business School. Together, they've written The Language Game, a new book which explores the science and psychology of language and some of its mysteries too. Hosting the discussion is journalist Christine Ro, whose work covers areas ranging from science and culture to international development. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Improvisation has taken language a far distance from its origination, with what we make up as we go adjusting the language over time. A delightful discussion on this topic ensues here with both past guest Professor Nick Chater and new guest Professor Morten H. Christiansen, co-authors of The Language Game: How Improvisation Created Language and […] The post 338: Morten H. Christiansen & Nick Chater | The Role Of Improvisation In “The Language Game” appeared first on The Armen Show.

Jayne Chater with Altris shares two short posts about making time for leadership and the value of social capital Episode 541: Making Time For Leadership AND The Value of Social Capital by Jayne Chater with Altris Altris has a range of specialised Leadership Development and Executive Coaching solutions. They believe that each leader, team and organisation is unique and therefore the solutions they deliver must be distinctive. The original posts are located here: http://blog.altris.co.nz/?p=1226 & http://blog.altris.co.nz/?p=688  Indeed is the #1 source of hires in the U.S., according to TalentNest. Go to Indeed.com/STARTUP to claim your $75 credit before March 31st  Visit Me Online at OLDPodcast.com Interested in advertising on the show? Visit https://www.advertisecast.com/OptimalStartUpDaily Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Jayne Chater with Altris shares two short posts about making time for leadership and the value of social capital Episode 541: Making Time For Leadership AND The Value of Social Capital by Jayne Chater with Altris Altris has a range of specialised Leadership Development and Executive Coaching solutions. They believe that each leader, team and organisation is unique and therefore the solutions they deliver must be distinctive. The original posts are located here: http://blog.altris.co.nz/?p=1226 & http://blog.altris.co.nz/?p=688  Indeed is the #1 source of hires in the U.S., according to TalentNest. Go to Indeed.com/STARTUP to claim your $75 credit before March 31st  Visit Me Online at OLDPodcast.com Interested in advertising on the show? Visit https://www.advertisecast.com/OptimalStartUpDaily Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

March means spring break for many, and Florida is a favorite destination for students looking to celebrate the time off. Michael Rogers, director of the Citrus Research and Education Center in Lake Alfred, took the occasion to shine the light on the University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (UF/IFAS) citrus graduate program. Sixty-five students are currently engaged in graduate studies as they learn to be future leaders in citrus science and business. According to Rogers, while they are learning, they also are providing a valuable contribution to current research that has material benefits to citrus growers. John Chater, assistant professor of horticultural sciences, recently joined the UF/IFAS citrus team to help growers evaluate the many new rootstocks and scions being developed by plant breeders. Chater joined the podcast to talk about his background and new job duties with UF/IFAS. In addition, he spoke about the varieties that have caught his attention in Florida. On April 5, the Florida Citrus Growers' Institute will take place in Avon Park. Florida's citrus Extension agents help organize the event. Ajia Paolillo, an agent based in Arcadia, joined the podcast to discuss the program. HLB, fruit drop and plant nutrition are just a few of the topics that will be covered in the educational sessions. She said the agents are particularly excited to finally be hosting the event in person again after COVID-19 forced the event to go digital during the pandemic. The All In For Citrus podcast is a joint project of UF/IFAS and AgNet Media. Listen to the March episode here.

When asked about what superpower they could have if possible, people often respond with mind reading. As humans, many of us are constantly thinking about what other people are thinking about us. Does their brain work the same way as mine? What's going on in their inner world? Well, what if I told you there is actually no inner world of thought?That is the basis of Nick Chater's work. We all like to think we have a hidden inner life. Psychologists and psychiatrists have struggled to discover what lies below our mental surface. And Nick wants to flip that idea on its head.Nick Chater is author of The Mind is Flat: The Illusion of Mental Depth and The Improvised Mind, as well as a Professor of Behavioral Science at Warwick Business School.Greg and Nick tackle a number of theories of the inner brain, including maintaining consistencies between the external and internal worlds, parallel vs serial processing, taking a break to refresh in creative pursuits, and sleeping on a big decision.Episode Quotes:Maintaining consistencies:The external world is consistent. And the illusion we have is, well, the inner world, it's a world after all, it must be consistent too. It's not. So then the intuition we have is that any inconsistencies I come up with must be some kind of reading error. I'm looking in my mind, I'm making a few mistakes. And that, of course, that's the way psychologists have normally seen it.Life as improv:I have some guidelines. I have some expectations about how I'm gonna behave and how I'm gonna feel, but I don't really know. And going back to the point that we're improvisers, it's kind of impossible to know cause I'm inventing it now. So I hadn't made it up before. And so to know what I was going to do would be to sort of do all the thinking of one's entire life and do it upfront.On the myth of productive multitasking:If you're trying to pay close attention to a particular process or a particular way things are done. And that may be, in some cases, really important, but if you're doing that, you're going to miss stuff.And if you're trying not to miss other stuff, that might be unexpected, you're going to miss some of the meticulous stuff. There's just an inevitable trade off. You can't do both perfectly. And that's fine. What's miraculous about the human mind is it's so unbelievably good at coping with the complex world, even with these limitations.Show Links:Guest Profile:Nick Chater on LinkedinNick Chater on TwitterFaculty Profile at Warwick Business SchoolProfessional Profile at The British AcademyNick Chater on Talk at GoogleHis work:Nick Chater on Google ScholarThe Mind Is Flat: The Remarkable Shallowness of the Improvising Brain

Does our subconscious exist? Today, I'm with Nick Chater, who is the author of the popular book “The Mind is Flat. In the book, he talks about how our mind is an imaginative storyteller making up things as it goes along in life. What we perceive as deep thoughts or emotions are not views into our deep self but rather a shallow, surface-level interpretation of whatever situation we find ourselves in. Nick is a Professor of Behavioural Science at Warwick Business School and works on rationality and language using a range of theoretical and experimental approaches. He has over 200 publications, has won four national awards for psychological research, and has served as Associate Editor for the journals Cognitive Science, Psychological Review, and Psychological Science. == What we talk about == 0:00 - Introduction 1:17 - What motivated you to study the mind and write a book on it? 10:47 - The ‘Self' does not exist 20:54 - Most of what we do or say might be just confabulation 32:59 - Our past experiences influence our future actions 39:26 - We are all like coral reefs 42:10 - Why does evolution make us feel like we have mental depth? 47:41 - We are creating ourselves as we are going along 49:43 - The brain architecture 1:01:53 - The exceptional cases when your brain can ‘multitask' 1:05:54 - How to become a better thinker? 1:09:35 - What are your views on free will?

I'm Back! An interesting episode for you this time around as I chat to Alan Jones from Talk Funding. Alan approached me wanting to do a podcast about my new project, FacePlant Sunglasses, it seemed like the perfect opportunity to pick up the baton again and kick off Intriguing Beings once again. We chat about the Kickstarter campaign that we launched for FacePlant, the reason why we wanted to change the way you think about sunglasses and lots more. If you've been wondering why I've not really been doing many of these lately then this explains it pretty well. We're flat out with the publishing business and now launching this new project as well, time is limited!https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/wefaceplant/faceplant-sunglasses

This week, Mar and Mel wrap up Class with the Countess and discuss this week's shows: Shows Discussed: RHOP Southern Charm RHOC Below Deck Social Media Instagram @BravoBookClubPod Twitter @BravoBookClb This podcast is hosted by ZenCast.fm

Self-driving cars have been promised as the future for the last decade with various manufacturers experimenting with their own designs alongside tech giants Google, Uber and Apple. Nick Chater, Professor of Behavioural Science, has been trying to model the trickiest task for autonomous vehicles of navigating the cluttered and narrow roads of the UK's towns and cities. But he admits to Core Insights host Trevor Barnes that it is an impossible task and he now believes self-driving vehicles will need their own roads rather than mixing with human controlled cars. Read more on the problems for autonomous vehicles here.

Psychologists and neuroscientists struggle with how best to interpret human motivation and decision making. The assumption is that below a mental “surface” of conscious awareness lies a deep and complex set of inner beliefs, values, and desires that govern our thoughts, ideas, and actions, and that to know this depth is to know ourselves. In the The Mind Is Flat: The Remarkable Shallowness of the Improvising Brain (Yale UP, 2019), behavioural scientist Nick Chater contends just the opposite: rather than being the plaything of unconscious currents, the brain generates behaviors in the moment based entirely on our past experiences. Engaging the reader with eye-opening experiments and visual examples, Chater first demolishes our intuitive sense of how our mind works, then argues for a positive interpretation of the brain as a ceaseless and creative improviser. Dr. Nick Chater is Professor of behavioral science at the Warwick Business School and cofounder of Decision Technology Ltd. He has contributed to more than two hundred articles and book chapters and is author, co-author, or co-editor of fourteen books. Dr. John Griffiths (@neurodidact) is an Assistant Professor at the University of Toronto, and Head of Whole Brain Modelling at the CAMH Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics. His research group (www.grifflab.com) works at the intersection of computational neuroscience and neuroimaging, building simulations of human brain activity aimed at improving the understanding and treatment of neuropsychiatric and neurological illness. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/neuroscience

Jayne Chater with Altris shares 5 steps to confidence and success. Episode 1572: 5 Steps To Confidence and Success by Jayne Chater with Altris on How to Be More Confident & Goal Setting Tips Altris has a range of specialised Leadership Development and Executive Coaching solutions. They believe that each leader, team and organisation is unique and therefore the solutions they deliver must be distinctive. The original post is located here: http://blog.altris.co.nz/?p=1770 Visit Me Online at OLDPodcast.com Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Jayne Chater with Altris shares 5 steps to confidence and success. Episode 1572: 5 Steps To Confidence and Success by Jayne Chater with Altris on How to Be More Confident & Goal Setting Tips Altris has a range of specialised Leadership Development and Executive Coaching solutions. They believe that each leader, team and organisation is unique and therefore the solutions they deliver must be distinctive. The original post is located here: http://blog.altris.co.nz/?p=1770 Visit Me Online at OLDPodcast.com Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices