Podcasts about Gla

Det er Gla`sang dager på Hermon høyfjellshotell i desse dagar, og Irene Krokeide Alnes er med i leiarteamet. Vi får ein rapport derifrå i vekas kvardagsprat. Krokeide Alnes fortel også om ein bønekampanje som starta 1. juni og som varer fram mot The Send på Sunnmøre. Høyr meir i kvardagspraten med Irene Krokeide Alnes.

durée : 00:03:27 - Un monde connecté - par : François Saltiel - Un reportage d'Arte.tv explore comment les jeux vidéo peuvent devenir des espaces de radicalisation. Des mini-jeux reproduisent des tueries de masse et les lacunes apparentes en matière de modération créent un environnement propice à l'influence de personnes vulnérables. Glaçant.

This program is supported by educational grants from Amicus Therapeutics, Inc. and Chiesi USA Inc.Fabry disease is an inherited lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations in the GLA gene, disrupting the function of the enzyme, α-galactosidase. This results in the accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (GL-3) and its deacylated form, globotriaosylsphingosine (lyso-GL-3), leading to progressive disruption of multiple organ systems. There are currently three treatment options available for Fabry disease, including two enzyme replacement therapies, agalsidase beta and pegunigalsidase alfa, and a chaperone therapy, migalastat. There are also other treatments in development (e.g., gene therapy, other enzyme replacement therapies) and some that are available in other countries (e.g., agalsidase alfa). Due to the small patient population and variability in Fabry disease severity, it is challenging to develop properly powered, placebo-controlled clinical trials. As such, data shared at conferences like WORLDSymposium 2025 are crucial for guiding best practices in this disease area. This program, led by Dr. Eric Wallace, provides a summary of clinically relevant data presented at WORLDSymposium 2025 that can enhance the care of patients with Fabry disease.  Target AudienceThis activity has been designed to meet the educational needs of physicians specializing in neurology, nephrology, cardiology, gastroenterology, ophthalmology, and dermatology. Other members of the care team may also participate.Learning ObjectivesAfter participating in the activity, learners should be better able to: Describe the latest research being presented to better manage individuals with Fabry disease and its clinical relevance.Eric Wallace, MDProfessor of MedicineDepartment of NephrologyUniversity of Alabama Medical SchoolDisclosure StatementAccording to the disclosure policy of the Academy, all faculty, planning committee members, editors, managers and other individuals who are in a position to control content are required to disclose any relationships with any ineligible company(ies). The existence of these relationships is not viewed as implying bias or decreasing the value of the activity. Clinical content has been reviewed for fair balance and scientific objectivity, and all of the relevant financial relationships listed for these individuals have been mitigated.Disclosure of relevant financial relationships are as follows:Faculty Educator/PlannerDr. Wallace discloses the following relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies:Advisory Board Consultant: Sanofi-Genzyme, Chiesi, Kyowa Kirin, Sangamo, NateraGrant/Research Support: Sanofi-Genzyme, Chiesi, Uniqure, Idorsia, Amicus Other Planners for this activity have no relevant financial relationships with any ineligible companies.This activity will review off-label or investigational information.The opinions expressed in this educational activity are those of the faculty, and do not represent those of the Academy or CheckRare CE. This activity is intended as a supplement to existing knowledge, published information, and practice guidelines. Learners should appraise the information presented critically, and draw conclusions only after careful consideration of all available scientific information.Accreditation and Credit DesignationIn support of improving patient care, this activity has been planned and implemented by American Academy of CME, Inc. and CheckRare CE. American Academy of CME, Inc. is Jointly accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME), the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE), and the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC), to provide continuing education for the healthcare team.PhysiciansAmerican Academy of CME, Inc., designates this enduring material for a maximum of 0.50 AMA PRA Category 1 Credits™. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity. Other HCPsOther members of the care team will receive a certificate of participation.There are no fees to participate in the activity.  Participants must review the activity information including the learning objectives and disclosure statements, as well as the content of the activity. To receive CME credit for your participation, please complete the pre and post-program assessments. Your certificate will be emailed to you within 30 days.Hardware/Software RequirementsWindows Requirements: • Operating system: Windows XP Service Pack 2 or later • Browser: Internet Explorer 7 or later, Mozilla Firefox 2.5 or later • Internet connection: DSL, cable modem, or other high-speed connectionMacintosh Requirements: • Operating system: Mac OS X v10.3 or later • Browser: Mozilla Firefox 2.5 or later • Internet connection: DSL, cable modem, or other high-speed connectionPrivacyFor more information about the American Academy of CME privacy policy, please access http://www.academycme.org/privacy.htm  For more information about CheckRare's privacy policy, please access https://checkrare.com/privacy/ContactFor any questions, please contact: CEServices@academycme.orgCopyright© 2025. This CME-certified activity is held as copyrighted © by American Academy of CME and CheckRare CE. Through this notice, the Academy and CheckRare CE grant permission of its use for educational purposes only. These materials may not be used, in whole or in part, for any commercial purposes without prior permission in writing from the copyright owner(s).

Nein, findet Michael Schulze von Glaßer von der NGO "Deutsche Friedensgesellschaft - Vereinigte KriegsdienstgegnerInnen". Um einen Krieg zu verhindern, brauche es viel mehr als ein paar Tausend weitere Soldaten.

Glaß, Regine www.deutschlandfunk.de, Sonntagsspaziergang

O movimento feminista vem com uma lista cheia de mulheres que revolucionaram a história, e nessa bagagem, existem muitos fatos perdidos ou até mesmo desconhecidos pela sociedade. Quem são elas? O que elas fizeram de tão incrível? Elas são mulheres. Mulheres com M maiúsculo transformando o mundo com base no que conhecem, sabem ou acreditam. Este podcast não é para mulheres necessariamente, mas sim DAS mulheres. Produção e apresentação da acadêmica do curso de jornalismo Emilly Pilar, supervisão e orientação da professora Glaíse Palma.

The mayor has a hard time with the Kristi Noem stolen purse story. A Charlie Rybak editorial in the Star Tribune lays out what is really rotten with Mpls politics. GLA obit for a fellow who liked his pickled herring cold, and his beer warm. Johnny Heidt with guitar news. Heard On The Show: Angie Craig launches campaign for U.S. Senate Saint Thomas Academy student uses Narcan from dispenser to save man's life Amazon says displaying tariff cost ‘not going to happen' after White House blowback Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoicesSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

The mayor has a hard time with the Kristi Noem stolen purse story. A Charlie Rybak editorial in the Star Tribune lays out what is really rotten with Mpls politics. GLA obit for a fellow who liked his pickled herring cold, and his beer warm. Johnny Heidt with guitar news. Heard On The Show: Angie Craig launches campaign for U.S. Senate Saint Thomas Academy student uses Narcan from dispenser to save man's life Amazon says displaying tariff cost ‘not going to happen' after White House blowback Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

O movimento feminista vem com uma lista cheia de mulheres que revolucionaram a história, e nessa bagagem, existem muitos fatos perdidos ou até mesmo desconhecidos pela sociedade. Quem são elas? O que elas fizeram de tão incrível? Elas são mulheres. Mulheres com M maiúsculo transformando o mundo com base no que conhecem, sabem ou acreditam. Este podcast não é para mulheres necessariamente, mas sim DAS mulheres. Produção e apresentação da acadêmica do curso de jornalismo Emilly Pilar, supervisão e orientação da professora Glaíse Palma.

Minibolo de limãoINGREDIENTES:• 200 g de manteiga sem sal, em temperatura ambiente• 2 xícaras (chá) de Açúcar Refinado União (320 g)• 5 ovos (300 g)• 2 e meia xícaras (chá) de farinha de trigo (275 g)• 1 colher (sopa) de fermento em pó (10 g)• meia xícara (chá) de suco de limão (100 ml)• raspas de limão a gostoPara untar e enfarinhar:• manteiga sem sal• farinha de trigo Para polvilhar:• Açúcar de Confeiteiro União GlaçúcarMODO DE PREPARO:1. Preaqueça o forno a 180°C. Unte e enfarinhe forminhas de furo central para minibolo (6 cm de diâmetro) e reserve.2. Em uma batedeira, bata a manteiga com o Açúcar Refinado União, até formar um creme fofo.Acrescente os ovos e misture bem.3. Diminua a velocidade e adicione o suco de limão, a farinha e o fermento e bata delicadamente.4. Distribua a massa nas forminhas untadase enfarinhadas reservadas e asse em fornopreaquecido (180°C) por 30 minutos ou até dourar levemente.5. Retire do forno, desenforme morno e sirva polvilhados com Açúcar de Confeiteiro União Glaçúcar.#culináriafaladacomnaluzica #receitadefamília #receitasculinariasparaouvir#minibolodelimao@Naluzica@naluzinhaniki.56

David ska flytta och vi har långtgående planer på hur detta ska ske i ett sjungande Robin Hood tema. Vi knäcker också nöten hur man kan hitta sig själv som trädkramare i Hälsingland, hur alla apotekare tidigare måste jobbat som bilhandlare. Och i föräldrabikten rasar sur-Lotta på föräldrar som inte stoppar sina sjövilda småbarn.Gla' påsklyssning ✨

O movimento feminista vem com uma lista cheia de mulheres que revolucionaram a história, e nessa bagagem, existemmuitos fatos perdidos ou até mesmo desconhecidos pela sociedade. Quem são elas? O que elas fizeram de tão incrível? Elas são mulheres. Mulheres com M maiúsculotransformando o mundo com base no que conhecem, sabem ou acreditam. Este podcast não é para mulheres necessariamente, mas sim DAS mulheres. Produção e apresentação da acadêmica do curso dejornalismo Emilly Pilar, supervisão e orientação da professora Glaíse Palma.

A woman sneaks along mansion grounds, seeking entry to the house to get revenge on the evil old man living there. But her memory is wrapped in darkness. Is she doing the right thing?Lee Clark Zumpe, an entertainment columnist with Tampa Bay Newspapers, earned his bachelor's in English at the University of South Florida. He began writing poetry and fiction in the early 1990s. His work has regularly appeared in a variety of literary journals and genre magazines over the last two decades. Publication credits include World War Cthulhu and The Children of Gla'aki from Dark Regions Press; Through a Mythos Darkly from PS Publishing; Children of Lovecraft Country and Shadows of an Inner Darkness from Golden Goblin Press; and Corridors and The Pickman Papers from Innsmouth Gold. Lee lives on the west coast of Florida with his wife and daughter. Lee's inclination toward horror manifested itself early in his childhood when he began flipping through the pages of Forrest J. Ackerman's Famous Monsters of Filmland and reading Gold Key Comic classics like Boris Karloff Tales of Mystery and Grimm's Ghost Stories. In his teenage years, he discovered Edgar Allan Poe, H.P. Lovecraft, Ambrose Bierce, Richard Matheson and other masters of the genre. Lee's work often focuses on character interaction set against a pervading sense of cosmic dread and high strangeness.You can read "In The Window" at https://www.kaidankaistories.com.Website: kaidankaistories.comPlease feel free to contact me through the website contact form.Follow us on: InstagramFacebookBlueskySubstack

Story at-a-glance Osteoarthritis results from cartilage deterioration due to genetic, metabolic and inflammatory factors, causing bone friction, pain, stiffness and bone spur formation that impair joint function Studies show boosting vitamin K2 intake supports joint health by regulating calcium metabolism, reducing inflammation, boosting cartilage integrity and activating proteins like GPX4 to protect cartilage cells from damage Elevated levels of vitamin K-dependent proteins like Gla-rich protein (GRP) and matrix Gla protein (MGP) in osteoarthritic joints suggest their protective role against harmful calcium deposits and their use as diagnostic markers Insufficient vitamin K impairs protein activation, allowing calcification, inflammation and cartilage damage to progress unchecked, exacerbating osteoarthritis symptoms and joint degeneration Increasing vitamin K2 intake through foods, supplements and healthy lifestyle changes offers a powerful approach to preserving joint health, reducing inflammation and slowing osteoarthritis progression

Welcome back for another glorious episode of the back seat driver (sarcasm), we discuss how much it cost to get forged wheels made in CHINA (trump voice). We talk about new mods for the GLA, along with you guessed in movies. Co-host: @ezagul1_r , @dev.amgSponsor: @_rspro

En este episodio te presentamos cuatro experiencias de encuentros con lo paranormal, encuentros con seres increíbles, espero lo disfrutes. Envíanos tus historias al correo amplitudparanormal@gmail.com Telegram: https://t.me/mel_gLa ambientación musical usada en este episodio pertenece a:https://freesound.org/people/DrMinky/sounds/166187/Créditos a él

Fredag er det Gla`sang på Fiskarstrand bedehus med ein gjest Tor Rødseth fortel entustiastisk om, nemlem Lene Fiskarstrand Hegland. Ho er ein dyktig saxofonist og er sunnmøring. I vinterferien er dei tilbake på heimlege trakter og deltek på fredagens Gla`sang. Høyr Tor Rødseth fortelje meir.

Did you know that adding a simple Code Interpreter took o3 from 9.2% to 32% on FrontierMath? The Latent Space crew is hosting a hack night Feb 11th in San Francisco focused on CodeGen use cases, co-hosted with E2B and Edge AGI; watch E2B's new workshop and RSVP here!We're happy to announce that today's guest Samuel Colvin will be teaching his very first Pydantic AI workshop at the newly announced AI Engineer NYC Workshops day on Feb 22! 25 tickets left.If you're a Python developer, it's very likely that you've heard of Pydantic. Every month, it's downloaded >300,000,000 times, making it one of the top 25 PyPi packages. OpenAI uses it in its SDK for structured outputs, it's at the core of FastAPI, and if you've followed our AI Engineer Summit conference, Jason Liu of Instructor has given two great talks about it: “Pydantic is all you need” and “Pydantic is STILL all you need”. Now, Samuel Colvin has raised $17M from Sequoia to turn Pydantic from an open source project to a full stack AI engineer platform with Logfire, their observability platform, and PydanticAI, their new agent framework.Logfire: bringing OTEL to AIOpenTelemetry recently merged Semantic Conventions for LLM workloads which provides standard definitions to track performance like gen_ai.server.time_per_output_token. In Sam's view at least 80% of new apps being built today have some sort of LLM usage in them, and just like web observability platform got replaced by cloud-first ones in the 2010s, Logfire wants to do the same for AI-first apps. If you're interested in the technical details, Logfire migrated away from Clickhouse to Datafusion for their backend. We spent some time on the importance of picking open source tools you understand and that you can actually contribute to upstream, rather than the more popular ones; listen in ~43:19 for that part.Agents are the killer app for graphsPydantic AI is their attempt at taking a lot of the learnings that LangChain and the other early LLM frameworks had, and putting Python best practices into it. At an API level, it's very similar to the other libraries: you can call LLMs, create agents, do function calling, do evals, etc.They define an “Agent” as a container with a system prompt, tools, structured result, and an LLM. Under the hood, each Agent is now a graph of function calls that can orchestrate multi-step LLM interactions. You can start simple, then move toward fully dynamic graph-based control flow if needed.“We were compelled enough by graphs once we got them right that our agent implementation [...] is now actually a graph under the hood.”Why Graphs?* More natural for complex or multi-step AI workflows.* Easy to visualize and debug with mermaid diagrams.* Potential for distributed runs, or “waiting days” between steps in certain flows.In parallel, you see folks like Emil Eifrem of Neo4j talk about GraphRAG as another place where graphs fit really well in the AI stack, so it might be time for more people to take them seriously.Full Video EpisodeLike and subscribe!Chapters* 00:00:00 Introductions* 00:00:24 Origins of Pydantic* 00:05:28 Pydantic's AI moment * 00:08:05 Why build a new agents framework?* 00:10:17 Overview of Pydantic AI* 00:12:33 Becoming a believer in graphs* 00:24:02 God Model vs Compound AI Systems* 00:28:13 Why not build an LLM gateway?* 00:31:39 Programmatic testing vs live evals* 00:35:51 Using OpenTelemetry for AI traces* 00:43:19 Why they don't use Clickhouse* 00:48:34 Competing in the observability space* 00:50:41 Licensing decisions for Pydantic and LogFire* 00:51:48 Building Pydantic.run* 00:55:24 Marimo and the future of Jupyter notebooks* 00:57:44 London's AI sceneShow Notes* Sam Colvin* Pydantic* Pydantic AI* Logfire* Pydantic.run* Zod* E2B* Arize* Langsmith* Marimo* Prefect* GLA (Google Generative Language API)* OpenTelemetry* Jason Liu* Sebastian Ramirez* Bogomil Balkansky* Hood Chatham* Jeremy Howard* Andrew LambTranscriptAlessio [00:00:03]: Hey, everyone. Welcome to the Latent Space podcast. This is Alessio, partner and CTO at Decibel Partners, and I'm joined by my co-host Swyx, founder of Smol AI.Swyx [00:00:12]: Good morning. And today we're very excited to have Sam Colvin join us from Pydantic AI. Welcome. Sam, I heard that Pydantic is all we need. Is that true?Samuel [00:00:24]: I would say you might need Pydantic AI and Logfire as well, but it gets you a long way, that's for sure.Swyx [00:00:29]: Pydantic almost basically needs no introduction. It's almost 300 million downloads in December. And obviously, in the previous podcasts and discussions we've had with Jason Liu, he's been a big fan and promoter of Pydantic and AI.Samuel [00:00:45]: Yeah, it's weird because obviously I didn't create Pydantic originally for uses in AI, it predates LLMs. But it's like we've been lucky that it's been picked up by that community and used so widely.Swyx [00:00:58]: Actually, maybe we'll hear it. Right from you, what is Pydantic and maybe a little bit of the origin story?Samuel [00:01:04]: The best name for it, which is not quite right, is a validation library. And we get some tension around that name because it doesn't just do validation, it will do coercion by default. We now have strict mode, so you can disable that coercion. But by default, if you say you want an integer field and you get in a string of 1, 2, 3, it will convert it to 123 and a bunch of other sensible conversions. And as you can imagine, the semantics around it. Exactly when you convert and when you don't, it's complicated, but because of that, it's more than just validation. Back in 2017, when I first started it, the different thing it was doing was using type hints to define your schema. That was controversial at the time. It was genuinely disapproved of by some people. I think the success of Pydantic and libraries like FastAPI that build on top of it means that today that's no longer controversial in Python. And indeed, lots of other people have copied that route, but yeah, it's a data validation library. It uses type hints for the for the most part and obviously does all the other stuff you want, like serialization on top of that. But yeah, that's the core.Alessio [00:02:06]: Do you have any fun stories on how JSON schemas ended up being kind of like the structure output standard for LLMs? And were you involved in any of these discussions? Because I know OpenAI was, you know, one of the early adopters. So did they reach out to you? Was there kind of like a structure output console in open source that people were talking about or was it just a random?Samuel [00:02:26]: No, very much not. So I originally. Didn't implement JSON schema inside Pydantic and then Sebastian, Sebastian Ramirez, FastAPI came along and like the first I ever heard of him was over a weekend. I got like 50 emails from him or 50 like emails as he was committing to Pydantic, adding JSON schema long pre version one. So the reason it was added was for OpenAPI, which is obviously closely akin to JSON schema. And then, yeah, I don't know why it was JSON that got picked up and used by OpenAI. It was obviously very convenient for us. That's because it meant that not only can you do the validation, but because Pydantic will generate you the JSON schema, it will it kind of can be one source of source of truth for structured outputs and tools.Swyx [00:03:09]: Before we dive in further on the on the AI side of things, something I'm mildly curious about, obviously, there's Zod in JavaScript land. Every now and then there is a new sort of in vogue validation library that that takes over for quite a few years and then maybe like some something else comes along. Is Pydantic? Is it done like the core Pydantic?Samuel [00:03:30]: I've just come off a call where we were redesigning some of the internal bits. There will be a v3 at some point, which will not break people's code half as much as v2 as in v2 was the was the massive rewrite into Rust, but also fixing all the stuff that was broken back from like version zero point something that we didn't fix in v1 because it was a side project. We have plans to move some of the basically store the data in Rust types after validation. Not completely. So we're still working to design the Pythonic version of it, in order for it to be able to convert into Python types. So then if you were doing like validation and then serialization, you would never have to go via a Python type we reckon that can give us somewhere between three and five times another three to five times speed up. That's probably the biggest thing. Also, like changing how easy it is to basically extend Pydantic and define how particular types, like for example, NumPy arrays are validated and serialized. But there's also stuff going on. And for example, Jitter, the JSON library in Rust that does the JSON parsing, has SIMD implementation at the moment only for AMD64. So we can add that. We need to go and add SIMD for other instruction sets. So there's a bunch more we can do on performance. I don't think we're going to go and revolutionize Pydantic, but it's going to continue to get faster, continue, hopefully, to allow people to do more advanced things. We might add a binary format like CBOR for serialization for when you'll just want to put the data into a database and probably load it again from Pydantic. So there are some things that will come along, but for the most part, it should just get faster and cleaner.Alessio [00:05:04]: From a focus perspective, I guess, as a founder too, how did you think about the AI interest rising? And then how do you kind of prioritize, okay, this is worth going into more, and we'll talk about Pydantic AI and all of that. What was maybe your early experience with LLAMP, and when did you figure out, okay, this is something we should take seriously and focus more resources on it?Samuel [00:05:28]: I'll answer that, but I'll answer what I think is a kind of parallel question, which is Pydantic's weird, because Pydantic existed, obviously, before I was starting a company. I was working on it in my spare time, and then beginning of 22, I started working on the rewrite in Rust. And I worked on it full-time for a year and a half, and then once we started the company, people came and joined. And it was a weird project, because that would never go away. You can't get signed off inside a startup. Like, we're going to go off and three engineers are going to work full-on for a year in Python and Rust, writing like 30,000 lines of Rust just to release open-source-free Python library. The result of that has been excellent for us as a company, right? As in, it's made us remain entirely relevant. And it's like, Pydantic is not just used in the SDKs of all of the AI libraries, but I can't say which one, but one of the big foundational model companies, when they upgraded from Pydantic v1 to v2, their number one internal model... The metric of performance is time to first token. That went down by 20%. So you think about all of the actual AI going on inside, and yet at least 20% of the CPU, or at least the latency inside requests was actually Pydantic, which shows like how widely it's used. So we've benefited from doing that work, although it didn't, it would have never have made financial sense in most companies. In answer to your question about like, how do we prioritize AI, I mean, the honest truth is we've spent a lot of the last year and a half building. Good general purpose observability inside LogFire and making Pydantic good for general purpose use cases. And the AI has kind of come to us. Like we just, not that we want to get away from it, but like the appetite, uh, both in Pydantic and in LogFire to go and build with AI is enormous because it kind of makes sense, right? Like if you're starting a new greenfield project in Python today, what's the chance that you're using GenAI 80%, let's say, globally, obviously it's like a hundred percent in California, but even worldwide, it's probably 80%. Yeah. And so everyone needs that stuff. And there's so much yet to be figured out so much like space to do things better in the ecosystem in a way that like to go and implement a database that's better than Postgres is a like Sisyphean task. Whereas building, uh, tools that are better for GenAI than some of the stuff that's about now is not very difficult. Putting the actual models themselves to one side.Alessio [00:07:40]: And then at the same time, then you released Pydantic AI recently, which is, uh, um, you know, agent framework and early on, I would say everybody like, you know, Langchain and like, uh, Pydantic kind of like a first class support, a lot of these frameworks, we're trying to use you to be better. What was the decision behind we should do our own framework? Were there any design decisions that you disagree with any workloads that you think people didn't support? Well,Samuel [00:08:05]: it wasn't so much like design and workflow, although I think there were some, some things we've done differently. Yeah. I think looking in general at the ecosystem of agent frameworks, the engineering quality is far below that of the rest of the Python ecosystem. There's a bunch of stuff that we have learned how to do over the last 20 years of building Python libraries and writing Python code that seems to be abandoned by people when they build agent frameworks. Now I can kind of respect that, particularly in the very first agent frameworks, like Langchain, where they were literally figuring out how to go and do this stuff. It's completely understandable that you would like basically skip some stuff.Samuel [00:08:42]: I'm shocked by the like quality of some of the agent frameworks that have come out recently from like well-respected names, which it just seems to be opportunism and I have little time for that, but like the early ones, like I think they were just figuring out how to do stuff and just as lots of people have learned from Pydantic, we were able to learn a bit from them. I think from like the gap we saw and the thing we were frustrated by was the production readiness. And that means things like type checking, even if type checking makes it hard. Like Pydantic AI, I will put my hand up now and say it has a lot of generics and you need to, it's probably easier to use it if you've written a bit of Rust and you really understand generics, but like, and that is, we're not claiming that that makes it the easiest thing to use in all cases, we think it makes it good for production applications in big systems where type checking is a no-brainer in Python. But there are also a bunch of stuff we've learned from maintaining Pydantic over the years that we've gone and done. So every single example in Pydantic AI's documentation is run on Python. As part of tests and every single print output within an example is checked during tests. So it will always be up to date. And then a bunch of things that, like I say, are standard best practice within the rest of the Python ecosystem, but I'm not followed surprisingly by some AI libraries like coverage, linting, type checking, et cetera, et cetera, where I think these are no-brainers, but like weirdly they're not followed by some of the other libraries.Alessio [00:10:04]: And can you just give an overview of the framework itself? I think there's kind of like the. LLM calling frameworks, there are the multi-agent frameworks, there's the workflow frameworks, like what does Pydantic AI do?Samuel [00:10:17]: I glaze over a bit when I hear all of the different sorts of frameworks, but I like, and I will tell you when I built Pydantic, when I built Logfire and when I built Pydantic AI, my methodology is not to go and like research and review all of the other things. I kind of work out what I want and I go and build it and then feedback comes and we adjust. So the fundamental building block of Pydantic AI is agents. The exact definition of agents and how you want to define them. is obviously ambiguous and our things are probably sort of agent-lit, not that we would want to go and rename them to agent-lit, but like the point is you probably build them together to build something and most people will call an agent. So an agent in our case has, you know, things like a prompt, like system prompt and some tools and a structured return type if you want it, that covers the vast majority of cases. There are situations where you want to go further and the most complex workflows where you want graphs and I resisted graphs for quite a while. I was sort of of the opinion you didn't need them and you could use standard like Python flow control to do all of that stuff. I had a few arguments with people, but I basically came around to, yeah, I can totally see why graphs are useful. But then we have the problem that by default, they're not type safe because if you have a like add edge method where you give the names of two different edges, there's no type checking, right? Even if you go and do some, I'm not, not all the graph libraries are AI specific. So there's a, there's a graph library called, but it allows, it does like a basic runtime type checking. Ironically using Pydantic to try and make up for the fact that like fundamentally that graphs are not typed type safe. Well, I like Pydantic, but it did, that's not a real solution to have to go and run the code to see if it's safe. There's a reason that starting type checking is so powerful. And so we kind of, from a lot of iteration eventually came up with a system of using normally data classes to define nodes where you return the next node you want to call and where we're able to go and introspect the return type of a node to basically build the graph. And so the graph is. Yeah. Inherently type safe. And once we got that right, I, I wasn't, I'm incredibly excited about graphs. I think there's like masses of use cases for them, both in gen AI and other development, but also software's all going to have interact with gen AI, right? It's going to be like web. There's no longer be like a web department in a company is that there's just like all the developers are building for web building with databases. The same is going to be true for gen AI.Alessio [00:12:33]: Yeah. I see on your docs, you call an agent, a container that contains a system prompt function. Tools, structure, result, dependency type model, and then model settings. Are the graphs in your mind, different agents? Are they different prompts for the same agent? What are like the structures in your mind?Samuel [00:12:52]: So we were compelled enough by graphs once we got them right, that we actually merged the PR this morning. That means our agent implementation without changing its API at all is now actually a graph under the hood as it is built using our graph library. So graphs are basically a lower level tool that allow you to build these complex workflows. Our agents are technically one of the many graphs you could go and build. And we just happened to build that one for you because it's a very common, commonplace one. But obviously there are cases where you need more complex workflows where the current agent assumptions don't work. And that's where you can then go and use graphs to build more complex things.Swyx [00:13:29]: You said you were cynical about graphs. What changed your mind specifically?Samuel [00:13:33]: I guess people kept giving me examples of things that they wanted to use graphs for. And my like, yeah, but you could do that in standard flow control in Python became a like less and less compelling argument to me because I've maintained those systems that end up with like spaghetti code. And I could see the appeal of this like structured way of defining the workflow of my code. And it's really neat that like just from your code, just from your type hints, you can get out a mermaid diagram that defines exactly what can go and happen.Swyx [00:14:00]: Right. Yeah. You do have very neat implementation of sort of inferring the graph from type hints, I guess. Yeah. Is what I would call it. Yeah. I think the question always is I have gone back and forth. I used to work at Temporal where we would actually spend a lot of time complaining about graph based workflow solutions like AWS step functions. And we would actually say that we were better because you could use normal control flow that you already knew and worked with. Yours, I guess, is like a little bit of a nice compromise. Like it looks like normal Pythonic code. But you just have to keep in mind what the type hints actually mean. And that's what we do with the quote unquote magic that the graph construction does.Samuel [00:14:42]: Yeah, exactly. And if you look at the internal logic of actually running a graph, it's incredibly simple. It's basically call a node, get a node back, call that node, get a node back, call that node. If you get an end, you're done. We will add in soon support for, well, basically storage so that you can store the state between each node that's run. And then the idea is you can then distribute the graph and run it across computers. And also, I mean, the other weird, the other bit that's really valuable is across time. Because it's all very well if you look at like lots of the graph examples that like Claude will give you. If it gives you an example, it gives you this lovely enormous mermaid chart of like the workflow, for example, managing returns if you're an e-commerce company. But what you realize is some of those lines are literally one function calls another function. And some of those lines are wait six days for the customer to print their like piece of paper and put it in the post. And if you're writing like your demo. Project or your like proof of concept, that's fine because you can just say, and now we call this function. But when you're building when you're in real in real life, that doesn't work. And now how do we manage that concept to basically be able to start somewhere else in the in our code? Well, this graph implementation makes it incredibly easy because you just pass the node that is the start point for carrying on the graph and it continues to run. So it's things like that where I was like, yeah, I can just imagine how things I've done in the past would be fundamentally easier to understand if we had done them with graphs.Swyx [00:16:07]: You say imagine, but like right now, this pedantic AI actually resume, you know, six days later, like you said, or is this just like a theoretical thing we can go someday?Samuel [00:16:16]: I think it's basically Q&A. So there's an AI that's asking the user a question and effectively you then call the CLI again to continue the conversation. And it basically instantiates the node and calls the graph with that node again. Now, we don't have the logic yet for effectively storing state in the database between individual nodes that we're going to add soon. But like the rest of it is basically there.Swyx [00:16:37]: It does make me think that not only are you competing with Langchain now and obviously Instructor, and now you're going into sort of the more like orchestrated things like Airflow, Prefect, Daxter, those guys.Samuel [00:16:52]: Yeah, I mean, we're good friends with the Prefect guys and Temporal have the same investors as us. And I'm sure that my investor Bogomol would not be too happy if I was like, oh, yeah, by the way, as well as trying to take on Datadog. We're also going off and trying to take on Temporal and everyone else doing that. Obviously, we're not doing all of the infrastructure of deploying that right yet, at least. We're, you know, we're just building a Python library. And like what's crazy about our graph implementation is, sure, there's a bit of magic in like introspecting the return type, you know, extracting things from unions, stuff like that. But like the actual calls, as I say, is literally call a function and get back a thing and call that. It's like incredibly simple and therefore easy to maintain. The question is, how useful is it? Well, I don't know yet. I think we have to go and find out. We have a whole. We've had a slew of people joining our Slack over the last few days and saying, tell me how good Pydantic AI is. How good is Pydantic AI versus Langchain? And I refuse to answer. That's your job to go and find that out. Not mine. We built a thing. I'm compelled by it, but I'm obviously biased. The ecosystem will work out what the useful tools are.Swyx [00:17:52]: Bogomol was my board member when I was at Temporal. And I think I think just generally also having been a workflow engine investor and participant in this space, it's a big space. Like everyone needs different functions. I think the one thing that I would say like yours, you know, as a library, you don't have that much control of it over the infrastructure. I do like the idea that each new agents or whatever or unit of work, whatever you call that should spin up in this sort of isolated boundaries. Whereas yours, I think around everything runs in the same process. But you ideally want to sort of spin out its own little container of things.Samuel [00:18:30]: I agree with you a hundred percent. And we will. It would work now. Right. As in theory, you're just like as long as you can serialize the calls to the next node, you just have to all of the different containers basically have to have the same the same code. I mean, I'm super excited about Cloudflare workers running Python and being able to install dependencies. And if Cloudflare could only give me my invitation to the private beta of that, we would be exploring that right now because I'm super excited about that as a like compute level for some of this stuff where exactly what you're saying, basically. You can run everything as an individual. Like worker function and distribute it. And it's resilient to failure, et cetera, et cetera.Swyx [00:19:08]: And it spins up like a thousand instances simultaneously. You know, you want it to be sort of truly serverless at once. Actually, I know we have some Cloudflare friends who are listening, so hopefully they'll get in front of the line. Especially.Samuel [00:19:19]: I was in Cloudflare's office last week shouting at them about other things that frustrate me. I have a love-hate relationship with Cloudflare. Their tech is awesome. But because I use it the whole time, I then get frustrated. So, yeah, I'm sure I will. I will. I will get there soon.Swyx [00:19:32]: There's a side tangent on Cloudflare. Is Python supported at full? I actually wasn't fully aware of what the status of that thing is.Samuel [00:19:39]: Yeah. So Pyodide, which is Python running inside the browser in scripting, is supported now by Cloudflare. They basically, they're having some struggles working out how to manage, ironically, dependencies that have binaries, in particular, Pydantic. Because these workers where you can have thousands of them on a given metal machine, you don't want to have a difference. You basically want to be able to have a share. Shared memory for all the different Pydantic installations, effectively. That's the thing they work out. They're working out. But Hood, who's my friend, who is the primary maintainer of Pyodide, works for Cloudflare. And that's basically what he's doing, is working out how to get Python running on Cloudflare's network.Swyx [00:20:19]: I mean, the nice thing is that your binary is really written in Rust, right? Yeah. Which also compiles the WebAssembly. Yeah. So maybe there's a way that you'd build... You have just a different build of Pydantic and that ships with whatever your distro for Cloudflare workers is.Samuel [00:20:36]: Yes, that's exactly what... So Pyodide has builds for Pydantic Core and for things like NumPy and basically all of the popular binary libraries. Yeah. It's just basic. And you're doing exactly that, right? You're using Rust to compile the WebAssembly and then you're calling that shared library from Python. And it's unbelievably complicated, but it works. Okay.Swyx [00:20:57]: Staying on graphs a little bit more, and then I wanted to go to some of the other features that you have in Pydantic AI. I see in your docs, there are sort of four levels of agents. There's single agents, there's agent delegation, programmatic agent handoff. That seems to be what OpenAI swarms would be like. And then the last one, graph-based control flow. Would you say that those are sort of the mental hierarchy of how these things go?Samuel [00:21:21]: Yeah, roughly. Okay.Swyx [00:21:22]: You had some expression around OpenAI swarms. Well.Samuel [00:21:25]: And indeed, OpenAI have got in touch with me and basically, maybe I'm not supposed to say this, but basically said that Pydantic AI looks like what swarms would become if it was production ready. So, yeah. I mean, like, yeah, which makes sense. Awesome. Yeah. I mean, in fact, it was specifically saying, how can we give people the same feeling that they were getting from swarms that led us to go and implement graphs? Because my, like, just call the next agent with Python code was not a satisfactory answer to people. So it was like, okay, we've got to go and have a better answer for that. It's not like, let us to get to graphs. Yeah.Swyx [00:21:56]: I mean, it's a minimal viable graph in some sense. What are the shapes of graphs that people should know? So the way that I would phrase this is I think Anthropic did a very good public service and also kind of surprisingly influential blog post, I would say, when they wrote Building Effective Agents. We actually have the authors coming to speak at my conference in New York, which I think you're giving a workshop at. Yeah.Samuel [00:22:24]: I'm trying to work it out. But yes, I think so.Swyx [00:22:26]: Tell me if you're not. yeah, I mean, like, that was the first, I think, authoritative view of, like, what kinds of graphs exist in agents and let's give each of them a name so that everyone is on the same page. So I'm just kind of curious if you have community names or top five patterns of graphs.Samuel [00:22:44]: I don't have top five patterns of graphs. I would love to see what people are building with them. But like, it's been it's only been a couple of weeks. And of course, there's a point is that. Because they're relatively unopinionated about what you can go and do with them. They don't suit them. Like, you can go and do lots of lots of things with them, but they don't have the structure to go and have like specific names as much as perhaps like some other systems do. I think what our agents are, which have a name and I can't remember what it is, but this basically system of like, decide what tool to call, go back to the center, decide what tool to call, go back to the center and then exit. One form of graph, which, as I say, like our agents are effectively one implementation of a graph, which is why under the hood they are now using graphs. And it'll be interesting to see over the next few years whether we end up with these like predefined graph names or graph structures or whether it's just like, yep, I built a graph or whether graphs just turn out not to match people's mental image of what they want and die away. We'll see.Swyx [00:23:38]: I think there is always appeal. Every developer eventually gets graph religion and goes, oh, yeah, everything's a graph. And then they probably over rotate and go go too far into graphs. And then they have to learn a whole bunch of DSLs. And then they're like, actually, I didn't need that. I need this. And they scale back a little bit.Samuel [00:23:55]: I'm at the beginning of that process. I'm currently a graph maximalist, although I haven't actually put any into production yet. But yeah.Swyx [00:24:02]: This has a lot of philosophical connections with other work coming out of UC Berkeley on compounding AI systems. I don't know if you know of or care. This is the Gartner world of things where they need some kind of industry terminology to sell it to enterprises. I don't know if you know about any of that.Samuel [00:24:24]: I haven't. I probably should. I should probably do it because I should probably get better at selling to enterprises. But no, no, I don't. Not right now.Swyx [00:24:29]: This is really the argument is that instead of putting everything in one model, you have more control and more maybe observability to if you break everything out into composing little models and changing them together. And obviously, then you need an orchestration framework to do that. Yeah.Samuel [00:24:47]: And it makes complete sense. And one of the things we've seen with agents is they work well when they work well. But when they. Even if you have the observability through log five that you can see what was going on, if you don't have a nice hook point to say, hang on, this is all gone wrong. You have a relatively blunt instrument of basically erroring when you exceed some kind of limit. But like what you need to be able to do is effectively iterate through these runs so that you can have your own control flow where you're like, OK, we've gone too far. And that's where one of the neat things about our graph implementation is you can basically call next in a loop rather than just running the full graph. And therefore, you have this opportunity to to break out of it. But yeah, basically, it's the same point, which is like if you have two bigger unit of work to some extent, whether or not it involves gen AI. But obviously, it's particularly problematic in gen AI. You only find out afterwards when you've spent quite a lot of time and or money when it's gone off and done done the wrong thing.Swyx [00:25:39]: Oh, drop on this. We're not going to resolve this here, but I'll drop this and then we can move on to the next thing. This is the common way that we we developers talk about this. And then the machine learning researchers look at us. And laugh and say, that's cute. And then they just train a bigger model and they wipe us out in the next training run. So I think there's a certain amount of we are fighting the bitter lesson here. We're fighting AGI. And, you know, when AGI arrives, this will all go away. Obviously, on Latent Space, we don't really discuss that because I think AGI is kind of this hand wavy concept that isn't super relevant. But I think we have to respect that. For example, you could do a chain of thoughts with graphs and you could manually orchestrate a nice little graph that does like. Reflect, think about if you need more, more inference time, compute, you know, that's the hot term now. And then think again and, you know, scale that up. Or you could train Strawberry and DeepSeq R1. Right.Samuel [00:26:32]: I saw someone saying recently, oh, they were really optimistic about agents because models are getting faster exponentially. And I like took a certain amount of self-control not to describe that it wasn't exponential. But my main point was. If models are getting faster as quickly as you say they are, then we don't need agents and we don't really need any of these abstraction layers. We can just give our model and, you know, access to the Internet, cross our fingers and hope for the best. Agents, agent frameworks, graphs, all of this stuff is basically making up for the fact that right now the models are not that clever. In the same way that if you're running a customer service business and you have loads of people sitting answering telephones, the less well trained they are, the less that you trust them, the more that you need to give them a script to go through. Whereas, you know, so if you're running a bank and you have lots of customer service people who you don't trust that much, then you tell them exactly what to say. If you're doing high net worth banking, you just employ people who you think are going to be charming to other rich people and set them off to go and have coffee with people. Right. And the same is true of models. The more intelligent they are, the less we need to tell them, like structure what they go and do and constrain the routes in which they take.Swyx [00:27:42]: Yeah. Yeah. Agree with that. So I'm happy to move on. So the other parts of Pydantic AI that are worth commenting on, and this is like my last rant, I promise. So obviously, every framework needs to do its sort of model adapter layer, which is, oh, you can easily swap from OpenAI to Cloud to Grok. You also have, which I didn't know about, Google GLA, which I didn't really know about until I saw this in your docs, which is generative language API. I assume that's AI Studio? Yes.Samuel [00:28:13]: Google don't have good names for it. So Vertex is very clear. That seems to be the API that like some of the things use, although it returns 503 about 20% of the time. So... Vertex? No. Vertex, fine. But the... Oh, oh. GLA. Yeah. Yeah.Swyx [00:28:28]: I agree with that.Samuel [00:28:29]: So we have, again, another example of like, well, I think we go the extra mile in terms of engineering is we run on every commit, at least commit to main, we run tests against the live models. Not lots of tests, but like a handful of them. Oh, okay. And we had a point last week where, yeah, GLA is a little bit better. GLA1 was failing every single run. One of their tests would fail. And we, I think we might even have commented out that one at the moment. So like all of the models fail more often than you might expect, but like that one seems to be particularly likely to fail. But Vertex is the same API, but much more reliable.Swyx [00:29:01]: My rant here is that, you know, versions of this appear in Langchain and every single framework has to have its own little thing, a version of that. I would put to you, and then, you know, this is, this can be agree to disagree. This is not needed in Pydantic AI. I would much rather you adopt a layer like Lite LLM or what's the other one in JavaScript port key. And that's their job. They focus on that one thing and they, they normalize APIs for you. All new models are automatically added and you don't have to duplicate this inside of your framework. So for example, if I wanted to use deep seek, I'm out of luck because Pydantic AI doesn't have deep seek yet.Samuel [00:29:38]: Yeah, it does.Swyx [00:29:39]: Oh, it does. Okay. I'm sorry. But you know what I mean? Should this live in your code or should it live in a layer that's kind of your API gateway that's a defined piece of infrastructure that people have?Samuel [00:29:49]: And I think if a company who are well known, who are respected by everyone had come along and done this at the right time, maybe we should have done it a year and a half ago and said, we're going to be the universal AI layer. That would have been a credible thing to do. I've heard varying reports of Lite LLM is the truth. And it didn't seem to have exactly the type safety that we needed. Also, as I understand it, and again, I haven't looked into it in great detail. Part of their business model is proxying the request through their, through their own system to do the generalization. That would be an enormous put off to an awful lot of people. Honestly, the truth is I don't think it is that much work unifying the model. I get where you're coming from. I kind of see your point. I think the truth is that everyone is centralizing around open AIs. Open AI's API is the one to do. So DeepSeq support that. Grok with OK support that. Ollama also does it. I mean, if there is that library right now, it's more or less the open AI SDK. And it's very high quality. It's well type checked. It uses Pydantic. So I'm biased. But I mean, I think it's pretty well respected anyway.Swyx [00:30:57]: There's different ways to do this. Because also, it's not just about normalizing the APIs. You have to do secret management and all that stuff.Samuel [00:31:05]: Yeah. And there's also. There's Vertex and Bedrock, which to one extent or another, effectively, they host multiple models, but they don't unify the API. But they do unify the auth, as I understand it. Although we're halfway through doing Bedrock. So I don't know about it that well. But they're kind of weird hybrids because they support multiple models. But like I say, the auth is centralized.Swyx [00:31:28]: Yeah, I'm surprised they don't unify the API. That seems like something that I would do. You know, we can discuss all this all day. There's a lot of APIs. I agree.Samuel [00:31:36]: It would be nice if there was a universal one that we didn't have to go and build.Alessio [00:31:39]: And I guess the other side of, you know, routing model and picking models like evals. How do you actually figure out which one you should be using? I know you have one. First of all, you have very good support for mocking in unit tests, which is something that a lot of other frameworks don't do. So, you know, my favorite Ruby library is VCR because it just, you know, it just lets me store the HTTP requests and replay them. That part I'll kind of skip. I think you are busy like this test model. We're like just through Python. You try and figure out what the model might respond without actually calling the model. And then you have the function model where people can kind of customize outputs. Any other fun stories maybe from there? Or is it just what you see is what you get, so to speak?Samuel [00:32:18]: On those two, I think what you see is what you get. On the evals, I think watch this space. I think it's something that like, again, I was somewhat cynical about for some time. Still have my cynicism about some of the well, it's unfortunate that so many different things are called evals. It would be nice if we could agree. What they are and what they're not. But look, I think it's a really important space. I think it's something that we're going to be working on soon, both in Pydantic AI and in LogFire to try and support better because it's like it's an unsolved problem.Alessio [00:32:45]: Yeah, you do say in your doc that anyone who claims to know for sure exactly how your eval should be defined can safely be ignored.Samuel [00:32:52]: We'll delete that sentence when we tell people how to do their evals.Alessio [00:32:56]: Exactly. I was like, we need we need a snapshot of this today. And so let's talk about eval. So there's kind of like the vibe. Yeah. So you have evals, which is what you do when you're building. Right. Because you cannot really like test it that many times to get statistical significance. And then there's the production eval. So you also have LogFire, which is kind of like your observability product, which I tried before. It's very nice. What are some of the learnings you've had from building an observability tool for LEMPs? And yeah, as people think about evals, even like what are the right things to measure? What are like the right number of samples that you need to actually start making decisions?Samuel [00:33:33]: I'm not the best person to answer that is the truth. So I'm not going to come in here and tell you that I think I know the answer on the exact number. I mean, we can do some back of the envelope statistics calculations to work out that like having 30 probably gets you most of the statistical value of having 200 for, you know, by definition, 15% of the work. But the exact like how many examples do you need? For example, that's a much harder question to answer because it's, you know, it's deep within the how models operate in terms of LogFire. One of the reasons we built LogFire the way we have and we allow you to write SQL directly against your data and we're trying to build the like powerful fundamentals of observability is precisely because we know we don't know the answers. And so allowing people to go and innovate on how they're going to consume that stuff and how they're going to process it is we think that's valuable. Because even if we come along and offer you an evals framework on top of LogFire, it won't be right in all regards. And we want people to be able to go and innovate and being able to write their own SQL connected to the API. And effectively query the data like it's a database with SQL allows people to innovate on that stuff. And that's what allows us to do it as well. I mean, we do a bunch of like testing what's possible by basically writing SQL directly against LogFire as any user could. I think the other the other really interesting bit that's going on in observability is OpenTelemetry is centralizing around semantic attributes for GenAI. So it's a relatively new project. A lot of it's still being added at the moment. But basically the idea that like. They unify how both SDKs and or agent frameworks send observability data to to any OpenTelemetry endpoint. And so, again, we can go and having that unification allows us to go and like basically compare different libraries, compare different models much better. That stuff's in a very like early stage of development. One of the things we're going to be working on pretty soon is basically, I suspect, GenAI will be the first agent framework that implements those semantic attributes properly. Because, again, we control and we can say this is important for observability, whereas most of the other agent frameworks are not maintained by people who are trying to do observability. With the exception of Langchain, where they have the observability platform, but they chose not to go down the OpenTelemetry route. So they're like plowing their own furrow. And, you know, they're a lot they're even further away from standardization.Alessio [00:35:51]: Can you maybe just give a quick overview of how OTEL ties into the AI workflows? There's kind of like the question of is, you know, a trace. And a span like a LLM call. Is it the agent? It's kind of like the broader thing you're tracking. How should people think about it?Samuel [00:36:06]: Yeah, so they have a PR that I think may have now been merged from someone at IBM talking about remote agents and trying to support this concept of remote agents within GenAI. I'm not particularly compelled by that because I don't think that like that's actually by any means the common use case. But like, I suppose it's fine for it to be there. The majority of the stuff in OTEL is basically defining how you would instrument. A given call to an LLM. So basically the actual LLM call, what data you would send to your telemetry provider, how you would structure that. Apart from this slightly odd stuff on remote agents, most of the like agent level consideration is not yet implemented in is not yet decided effectively. And so there's a bit of ambiguity. Obviously, what's good about OTEL is you can in the end send whatever attributes you like. But yeah, there's quite a lot of churn in that space and exactly how we store the data. I think that one of the most interesting things, though, is that if you think about observability. Traditionally, it was sure everyone would say our observability data is very important. We must keep it safe. But actually, companies work very hard to basically not have anything that sensitive in their observability data. So if you're a doctor in a hospital and you search for a drug for an STI, the sequel might be sent to the observability provider. But none of the parameters would. It wouldn't have the patient number or their name or the drug. With GenAI, that distinction doesn't exist because it's all just messed up in the text. If you have that same patient asking an LLM how to. What drug they should take or how to stop smoking. You can't extract the PII and not send it to the observability platform. So the sensitivity of the data that's going to end up in observability platforms is going to be like basically different order of magnitude to what's in what you would normally send to Datadog. Of course, you can make a mistake and send someone's password or their card number to Datadog. But that would be seen as a as a like mistake. Whereas in GenAI, a lot of data is going to be sent. And I think that's why companies like Langsmith and are trying hard to offer observability. On prem, because there's a bunch of companies who are happy for Datadog to be cloud hosted, but want self-hosted self-hosting for this observability stuff with GenAI.Alessio [00:38:09]: And are you doing any of that today? Because I know in each of the spans you have like the number of tokens, you have the context, you're just storing everything. And then you're going to offer kind of like a self-hosting for the platform, basically. Yeah. Yeah.Samuel [00:38:23]: So we have scrubbing roughly equivalent to what the other observability platforms have. So if we, you know, if we see password as the key, we won't send the value. But like, like I said, that doesn't really work in GenAI. So we're accepting we're going to have to store a lot of data and then we'll offer self-hosting for those people who can afford it and who need it.Alessio [00:38:42]: And then this is, I think, the first time that most of the workloads performance is depending on a third party. You know, like if you're looking at Datadog data, usually it's your app that is driving the latency and like the memory usage and all of that. Here you're going to have spans that maybe take a long time to perform because the GLA API is not working or because OpenAI is kind of like overwhelmed. Do you do anything there since like the provider is almost like the same across customers? You know, like, are you trying to surface these things for people and say, hey, this was like a very slow span, but actually all customers using OpenAI right now are seeing the same thing. So maybe don't worry about it or.Samuel [00:39:20]: Not yet. We do a few things that people don't generally do in OTA. So we send. We send information at the beginning. At the beginning of a trace as well as sorry, at the beginning of a span, as well as when it finishes. By default, OTA only sends you data when the span finishes. So if you think about a request which might take like 20 seconds, even if some of the intermediate spans finished earlier, you can't basically place them on the page until you get the top level span. And so if you're using standard OTA, you can't show anything until those requests are finished. When those requests are taking a few hundred milliseconds, it doesn't really matter. But when you're doing Gen AI calls or when you're like running a batch job that might take 30 minutes. That like latency of not being able to see the span is like crippling to understanding your application. And so we've we do a bunch of slightly complex stuff to basically send data about a span as it starts, which is closely related. Yeah.Alessio [00:40:09]: Any thoughts on all the other people trying to build on top of OpenTelemetry in different languages, too? There's like the OpenLEmetry project, which doesn't really roll off the tongue. But how do you see the future of these kind of tools? Is everybody going to have to build? Why does everybody want to build? They want to build their own open source observability thing to then sell?Samuel [00:40:29]: I mean, we are not going off and trying to instrument the likes of the OpenAI SDK with the new semantic attributes, because at some point that's going to happen and it's going to live inside OTEL and we might help with it. But we're a tiny team. We don't have time to go and do all of that work. So OpenLEmetry, like interesting project. But I suspect eventually most of those semantic like that instrumentation of the big of the SDKs will live, like I say, inside the main OpenTelemetry report. I suppose. What happens to the agent frameworks? What data you basically need at the framework level to get the context is kind of unclear. I don't think we know the answer yet. But I mean, I was on the, I guess this is kind of semi-public, because I was on the call with the OpenTelemetry call last week talking about GenAI. And there was someone from Arize talking about the challenges they have trying to get OpenTelemetry data out of Langchain, where it's not like natively implemented. And obviously they're having quite a tough time. And I was realizing, hadn't really realized this before, but how lucky we are to primarily be talking about our own agent framework, where we have the control rather than trying to go and instrument other people's.Swyx [00:41:36]: Sorry, I actually didn't know about this semantic conventions thing. It looks like, yeah, it's merged into main OTel. What should people know about this? I had never heard of it before.Samuel [00:41:45]: Yeah, I think it looks like a great start. I think there's some unknowns around how you send the messages that go back and forth, which is kind of the most important part. It's the most important thing of all. And that is moved out of attributes and into OTel events. OTel events in turn are moving from being on a span to being their own top-level API where you send data. So there's a bunch of churn still going on. I'm impressed by how fast the OTel community is moving on this project. I guess they, like everyone else, get that this is important, and it's something that people are crying out to get instrumentation off. So I'm kind of pleasantly surprised at how fast they're moving, but it makes sense.Swyx [00:42:25]: I'm just kind of browsing through the specification. I can already see that this basically bakes in whatever the previous paradigm was. So now they have genai.usage.prompt tokens and genai.usage.completion tokens. And obviously now we have reasoning tokens as well. And then only one form of sampling, which is top-p. You're basically baking in or sort of reifying things that you think are important today, but it's not a super foolproof way of doing this for the future. Yeah.Samuel [00:42:54]: I mean, that's what's neat about OTel is you can always go and send another attribute and that's fine. It's just there are a bunch that are agreed on. But I would say, you know, to come back to your previous point about whether or not we should be relying on one centralized abstraction layer, this stuff is moving so fast that if you start relying on someone else's standard, you risk basically falling behind because you're relying on someone else to keep things up to date.Swyx [00:43:14]: Or you fall behind because you've got other things going on.Samuel [00:43:17]: Yeah, yeah. That's fair. That's fair.Swyx [00:43:19]: Any other observations just about building LogFire, actually? Let's just talk about this. So you announced LogFire. I was kind of only familiar with LogFire because of your Series A announcement. I actually thought you were making a separate company. I remember some amount of confusion with you when that came out. So to be clear, it's Pydantic LogFire and the company is one company that has kind of two products, an open source thing and an observability thing, correct? Yeah. I was just kind of curious, like any learnings building LogFire? So classic question is, do you use ClickHouse? Is this like the standard persistence layer? Any learnings doing that?Samuel [00:43:54]: We don't use ClickHouse. We started building our database with ClickHouse, moved off ClickHouse onto Timescale, which is a Postgres extension to do analytical databases. Wow. And then moved off Timescale onto DataFusion. And we're basically now building, it's DataFusion, but it's kind of our own database. Bogomil is not entirely happy that we went through three databases before we chose one. I'll say that. But like, we've got to the right one in the end. I think we could have realized that Timescale wasn't right. I think ClickHouse. They both taught us a lot and we're in a great place now. But like, yeah, it's been a real journey on the database in particular.Swyx [00:44:28]: Okay. So, you know, as a database nerd, I have to like double click on this, right? So ClickHouse is supposed to be the ideal backend for anything like this. And then moving from ClickHouse to Timescale is another counterintuitive move that I didn't expect because, you know, Timescale is like an extension on top of Postgres. Not super meant for like high volume logging. But like, yeah, tell us those decisions.Samuel [00:44:50]: So at the time, ClickHouse did not have good support for JSON. I was speaking to someone yesterday and said ClickHouse doesn't have good support for JSON and got roundly stepped on because apparently it does now. So they've obviously gone and built their proper JSON support. But like back when we were trying to use it, I guess a year ago or a bit more than a year ago, everything happened to be a map and maps are a pain to try and do like looking up JSON type data. And obviously all these attributes, everything you're talking about there in terms of the GenAI stuff. You can choose to make them top level columns if you want. But the simplest thing is just to put them all into a big JSON pile. And that was a problem with ClickHouse. Also, ClickHouse had some really ugly edge cases like by default, or at least until I complained about it a lot, ClickHouse thought that two nanoseconds was longer than one second because they compared intervals just by the number, not the unit. And I complained about that a lot. And then they caused it to raise an error and just say you have to have the same unit. Then I complained a bit more. And I think as I understand it now, they have some. They convert between units. But like stuff like that, when all you're looking at is when a lot of what you're doing is comparing the duration of spans was really painful. Also things like you can't subtract two date times to get an interval. You have to use the date sub function. But like the fundamental thing is because we want our end users to write SQL, the like quality of the SQL, how easy it is to write, matters way more to us than if you're building like a platform on top where your developers are going to write the SQL. And once it's written and it's working, you don't mind too much. So I think that's like one of the fundamental differences. The other problem that I have with the ClickHouse and Impact Timescale is that like the ultimate architecture, the like snowflake architecture of binary data in object store queried with some kind of cache from nearby. They both have it, but it's closed sourced and you only get it if you go and use their hosted versions. And so even if we had got through all the problems with Timescale or ClickHouse, we would end up like, you know, they would want to be taking their 80% margin. And then we would be wanting to take that would basically leave us less space for margin. Whereas data fusion. Properly open source, all of that same tooling is open source. And for us as a team of people with a lot of Rust expertise, data fusion, which is implemented in Rust, we can literally dive into it and go and change it. So, for example, I found that there were some slowdowns in data fusion's string comparison kernel for doing like string contains. And it's just Rust code. And I could go and rewrite the string comparison kernel to be faster. Or, for example, data fusion, when we started using it, didn't have JSON support. Obviously, as I've said, it's something we can do. It's something we needed. I was able to go and implement that in a weekend using our JSON parser that we built for Pydantic Core. So it's the fact that like data fusion is like for us the perfect mixture of a toolbox to build a database with, not a database. And we can go and implement stuff on top of it in a way that like if you were trying to do that in Postgres or in ClickHouse. I mean, ClickHouse would be easier because it's C++, relatively modern C++. But like as a team of people who are not C++ experts, that's much scarier than data fusion for us.Swyx [00:47:47]: Yeah, that's a beautiful rant.Alessio [00:47:49]: That's funny. Most people don't think they have agency on these projects. They're kind of like, oh, I should use this or I should use that. They're not really like, what should I pick so that I contribute the most back to it? You know, so but I think you obviously have an open source first mindset. So that makes a lot of sense.Samuel [00:48:05]: I think if we were probably better as a startup, a better startup and faster moving and just like headlong determined to get in front of customers as fast as possible, we should have just started with ClickHouse. I hope that long term we're in a better place for having worked with data fusion. We like we're quite engaged now with the data fusion community. Andrew Lam, who maintains data fusion, is an advisor to us. We're in a really good place now. But yeah, it's definitely slowed us down relative to just like building on ClickHouse and moving as fast as we can.Swyx [00:48:34]: OK, we're about to zoom out and do Pydantic run and all the other stuff. But, you know, my last question on LogFire is really, you know, at some point you run out sort of community goodwill just because like, oh, I use Pydantic. I love Pydantic. I'm going to use LogFire. OK, then you start entering the territory of the Datadogs, the Sentrys and the honeycombs. Yeah. So where are you going to really spike here? What differentiator here?Samuel [00:48:59]: I wasn't writing code in 2001, but I'm assuming that there were people talking about like web observability and then web observability stopped being a thing, not because the web stopped being a thing, but because all observability had to do web. If you were talking to people in 2010 or 2012, they would have talked about cloud observability. Now that's not a term because all observability is cloud first. The same is going to happen to gen AI. And so whether or not you're trying to compete with Datadog or with Arise and Langsmith, you've got to do first class. You've got to do general purpose observability with first class support for AI. And as far as I know, we're the only people really trying to do that. I mean, I think Datadog is starting in that direction. And to be honest, I think Datadog is a much like scarier company to compete with than the AI specific observability platforms. Because in my opinion, and I've also heard this from lots of customers, AI specific observability where you don't see everything else going on in your app is not actually that useful. Our hope is that we can build the first general purpose observability platform with first class support for AI. And that we have this open source heritage of putting developer experience first that other companies haven't done. For all I'm a fan of Datadog and what they've done. If you search Datadog logging Python. And you just try as a like a non-observability expert to get something up and running with Datadog and Python. It's not trivial, right? That's something Sentry have done amazingly well. But like there's enormous space in most of observability to do DX better.Alessio [00:50:27]: Since you mentioned Sentry, I'm curious how you thought about licensing and all of that. Obviously, your MIT license, you don't have any rolling license like Sentry has where you can only use an open source, like the one year old version of it. Was that a hard decision?Samuel [00:50:41]: So to be clear, LogFire is co-sourced. So Pydantic and Pydantic AI are MIT licensed and like properly open source. And then LogFire for now is completely closed source. And in fact, the struggles that Sentry have had with licensing and the like weird pushback the community gives when they take something that's closed source and make it source available just meant that we just avoided that whole subject matter. I think the other way to look at it is like in terms of either headcount or revenue or dollars in the bank. The amount of open source we do as a company is we've got to be open source. We're up there with the most prolific open source companies, like I say, per head. And so we didn't feel like we were morally obligated to make LogFire open source. We have Pydantic. Pydantic is a foundational library in Python. That and now Pydantic AI are our contribution to open source. And then LogFire is like openly for profit, right? As in we're not claiming otherwise. We're not sort of trying to walk a line if it's open source. But really, we want to make it hard to deploy. So you probably want to pay us. We're trying to be straight. That it's to pay for. We could change that at some point in the future, but it's not an immediate plan.Alessio [00:51:48]: All right. So the first one I saw this new I don't know if it's like a product you're building the Pydantic that run, which is a Python browser sandbox. What was the inspiration behind that? We talk a lot about code interpreter for lamps. I'm an investor in a company called E2B, which is a code sandbox as a service for remote execution. Yeah. What's the Pydantic that run story?Samuel [00:52:09]: So Pydantic that run is again completely open source. I have no interest in making it into a product. We just needed a sandbox to be able to demo LogFire in particular, but also Pydantic AI. So it doesn't have it yet, but I'm going to add basically a proxy to OpenAI and the other models so that you can run Pydantic AI in the browser. See how it works. Tweak the prompt, et cetera, et cetera. And we'll have some kind of limit per day of what you can spend on it or like what the spend is. The other thing we wanted to b

2025.01.30 - Donnerstag Sohni Petermann Judas 10 - 11 Gläubige, unvernünftige Tiere? Judas - Teil 7

See Podcast on Youtube to see my Test Result: https://youtu.be/Ms6TE3DG4qQIn this episode, I break down the blood work of a Balance Test and explain what your results really mean. If you're seeing a lot of RED, don't worry—this is the most modifiable risk factor for your health, disease prevention, and longevity.I'll also share my own test results from 2019 and walk you through key concepts like the omega-6 to omega-3 ratio, optimal levels, and how these essential fats impact your mental strength, cell membranes, and overall well-being.

Yet another informative Matt Straw treatise on the role of trees in the development of riparian flood plains and even fish food. From drift techniques near the wood, to the amount of insects/bugs that use overhangs and feed fish, Matt Straw's GLA article is full of goodies & info. 

(0:00) Intro(0:47) Qur'ani Aayat, DuaReligious and Social Insights(1:23) Asal Firqa Parasti?(4:31) Ulama: Deen ke Muhafiz(5:39) Pagal: Ulama ko buri kehny waly(8:13) 1st Bayan after US/Panama visit(9:03) Aetraz: Molvi nizam ki tabdeeli ki baat kiyoun nahi krty? JawabCritiques of Scholars and Teachings(11:09) Wrong number scholars se mutasir log?(13:40) Quantity vs Quality(14:58) US mein char shadi topic?(15:46) Mufti sb ka dil

(0:00) Intro(0:23) Aayaat Surah Mudasir, Dua(0:54) Nabi ﷺ ka Dawaa?(1:37) Insan pr 02 haquq ki zimmadari(2:39) Taharat: Islam ka pehla hukam (after Tauheed)(3:49) Taharat ki ehmiyat?(4:10) Taharat aur safai mn farq?(5:34) Taharat ka nizam: mojeza Nabuwwat ﷺTypes of Purity in Islam(6:10) Taharat ki 02 iqsam:•1: Pakiza khana (misal, khoon aur kutta)(10:36) 2: Daikhny mn halal haqeeqat mn haram (misal, chori ki murghi)(12:46) Taharat ki ibtada: Pakiza khanaOral Hygiene and Sunnah Practices(13:02) Munh ki safai(13:30) Misvak krna sunnat(13:38) Nabi ﷺ ka farman(14:10) Nabi ﷺ ki azmat: 5 bar danton ki safai aur khalal ka hukam(15:38) Nabi ﷺ ka aakhri amal: MisvakPhysical and Clothing Purity(16:05) Jism/Lebas ki paki: Musalman ka farz(16:45) Nabi ﷺ ka farman(17:06) Arab mn pani ki kami k bavjood ye hukam?Specific Sunnah Practices for Cleanliness(18:15) 10 chizain peghambaron ki sunnat(19:25) Nak saaf krny ka sunnat tariqa?(20:11) Gla saaf krny ka sunnat tariqa?(20:39) Taharat/Safai: Muslim's identityProphetic Guidance and Wisdom(21:52) Taharat ka nizam: Nabi ﷺ k brhaqq hony ki daleel(22:49) Nabi ﷺ ki nafees tabiat: Bddbudar shakhs ka masjid mn dakhla mana(24:38) Safaid lebas ki hikmatainSummary(26:09) Taharat samajhny ka aasan tariqa: “Murda nehlana”(26:42) Khulasa bayan + Dua Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In this episode of The OI Show, Dr. Dave Kading sits down with Zach Denning, Director of Scientific and Professional Affairs at Science Based Health, to explore the fascinating intersection of dry eye management and nutrition. With over two decades in the field, Zach sheds light on the science of omega fatty acids and their role in combating ocular inflammation and improving tear production.Key Takeaways:The groundbreaking role of GLA (gamma-linolenic acid) in dry eye management, sourced from plant-based oils like black currant seed oil.Insights into clinical trials showcasing GLA's ability to lower inflammation, improve corneal smoothness, and enhance patient outcomes.How nutrition complements traditional dry eye treatments for a holistic inside-out approach.The critical difference between GLA and traditional omega-3 fish oils, plus tips for explaining these distinctions to patients.Strategies for ensuring patient compliance with evidence-based nutritional therapies.Want to elevate your dry eye care? Learn how nutrition can play a transformative role in patient outcomes! Listen now and subscribe to The OI Show for more insights from leading experts in the field. Visit ScienceBasedHealth.com to explore their innovative products and resources.About Zac Denning Zac Denning is the Director of Scientific & Professional Affairs at ScienceBased Health (SBH), which he joined in 1999. Following his passion for science, Mr. Denning studied biology and biochemistry at Evergreen where he received his Bachelor of Science. Working alongside scientists, clinicians and researchers, he has helped SBH pioneer new categories of eye supplements that are now widely recognized and utilized in eye care. Zac travels and presents widely, educating eye doctors and medical groups about the scientific basis for eye nutrition.Zac has also helped maintain the company's focus on primary clinical research in areas like dry eye and glaucoma. As a leader in eye nutrition and dry eye, Zac serves on the Corporate Advisory Board for Dry Eye Access and other companies, and has been profiled or featured in a variety of eyecare publications.

There's too much going on in AppraisalWorld.  It is essentially impossible to keep track of what's going on.  FHFA just announced, in the most neutral of tones, that appraisal waivers could now be had, under certain conditions unheard of before.  Again, conditions apply, but waivers are going to be available up to a 90% loan-to-value ratio (and 97% with a property data collection requirement).  One of the conditions that applies is that the borrower would have to possess a killer FICO score.  But that condition is current at the end of 2024.  Given current political and social forces, who knows what those will be six-, twelve-, and eighteen-months from now?  If real estate appraisal is the adult supervision of the mortgage lending industry, it appears that industry has found a way to remove the adult's influence. And, there's too much going on in other areas, too.  Fannie Mae is still sending letters to state appraisal boards about time and GLA adjustments.  Certain states that do not accept anonymous complaints just trash them as a matter of course.  Other states that accept such complaints insert those letters way at the bottom of their to do list.  This may help the state with its administrative work load.  But it does not help the appraiser to sleep well at night as this hangs over the appraiser's head, family, and business. And speaking about there is too much going on.  There are now grumblings that USPAP needs to replace the ambiguous word credible (credible to whom and how to measure it?) with the word reliable.   This is especially true now that the ROV process assumes the borrower is an intended user of the appraisal report. So, what to do?  Consider making friends with an administrative law attorney in each state in which you have a credential.  And please make sure you have proper E&O insurance coverage.

In the 200th episode of the Appraisal Buzzcast, we're thrilled to finally welcome Tim Andersen of The Appraiser's Advocate to the show! Why is critical thinking such a game-changer in the world of appraisal? How can we expand on the data and tools from technology and make it even better?  Tim shares his insights, experience, and tips for taking your skills to the next level.Tim's brand-new course on this topic, Objectivity: Market Change and GLA, is happening next Wednesday! Learn more or register here: https://appraiserelearning.com/product/objectivity-market-change-and-gla-live-zoom-class-wednesday-november-6th-2024/At The Appraisal Buzzcast, we host weekly episodes with leaders and experts in the appraisal industry about current events and relevant topics in our field. Subscribe and turn on notifications to catch our episode premieres every Wednesday!

¡Vótame en los Premios iVoox 2024! Agradece a este podcast tantas horas de entretenimiento y disfruta de episodios exclusivos como éste. ¡Apóyale en iVoox! En este episodio de fans la dra Villarroel contesta una pregunta sobre las orexinas, y la dra Arponen sobre el GLA (un tipo especial de omega 6) y los omega 7. Descubre los episodios en abierto en el canal de YT: https://www.youtube.com/@slowmedicineinstitute8488 Las notas del episodio en https://slowmedicineinstitute.com/podcast/Escucha este episodio completo y accede a todo el contenido exclusivo de Slow Medicine Revolution. Descubre antes que nadie los nuevos episodios, y participa en la comunidad exclusiva de oyentes en https://go.ivoox.com/sq/1110678

We are back, your fav 1 month podcast. We discuss the final event of the year and off-season plans for the Civic and GLA. Eddy also gives a heartthrob message at the end. Main Channel Instagram: @thebackseatdriverspodcast Host: @Dev.amg & @ezeagul1_r Sponsor - @_rspro

Handbókin Ertu klár í kynlífið? var nýlega gefin út á vegum Samtaka um kynheilbrigði. Handbókin er ætluð ungum karlmönnum á aldrinum 16-24 ára. Tilurð þessarar handbókar má rekja til frásagna ungra karlmanna hér á landi en hún svarar ákalli þeirra eftir meiri fræðslu um kynheilbrigði. Bókin fjallar um sex viðfangsefni, sjálfsöryggi, samskipti, samþykki, sambönd, smokkanotkun og það að stunda kynlíf. Tvær af höfundum bókarinnar, Lóa Guðrún Gísladóttir, aðjúkt og doktorsnemi, og Sóley S. Bender, formaður samtaka um kynheilbrigði og prófessor emerita, komu í þáttinn og sögðu okkur meira frá henni. Við fengum svo vinkil frá Guðjóni Helga Ólafssyni í dag. Vinkill dagsins fór aðeins á dýpið í dag, pistlahöfundur fékk það verkefni fyrir nokkru að rifja upp minningar úr bernsku sem var áhugaverð lífsreynsla og kannski mannbætandi. Tilgangurinn var að afla efnis fyrir listamanninn Ólaf Svein Gíslason, sem nú um stundir sýnir verkið „Undirliggjandi minni“ í Félagslundi, Flóahreppi. Eftir svona mikla naflaskoðun var svo notalegt að fá nokkrar vísur og skáldkonan Erla, Guðfinna Þorsteinsdóttir, fylgdi okkur inn í daginn. Svo var það lesandi vikunnar. Í þetta sinn var það Aníta Rut Kristjánsdóttir, læknir í sérnámsgrunni. Við fengum hana til að segja okkur frá því hvað hún hefur verið að lesa undanfarið og hvaða bækur og höfundar hafa haft mest áhrif á hana í gegnum lífið. Aníta Rut talaði um eftirfarandi bækur og höfunda: Lady Tan's Circle of Women e. Lisa See The Wolf Den e. Elodie Harper Snerting e. Ólaf Jóhann Ólafsson Out e. Natsuo Kirino Percy Jackson sería e. Rick Riordan og Howl's Moving Castle e. Dianna Wynne Jones. Tónlist í þættinum: Glaðasti hundur í heimi / Friðrik Dór Jónsson, Dr. Gunni og vinir hans (Gunnar Lárus Hjálmarsson) Að vera í sambandi / Stuðmenn ( Tómas M. Tómasson, Valgeir Guðjónsson, Jakob Frímann Magnússon) Manstu ekki eftir mér / Ragnhildur Gísladóttir og Trabant ehf. (Ragnhildur Gísladóttir, texti Þórður Árnason) UMSJÓN GUÐRÚN GUNNARSDÓTTIR OG GUNNAR HANSSON

In dieser Folge von „Gespräche am Ehrenmal“ geht es um die Beziehung von Bundeswehr und Gesellschaft in der „Zeitenwende“. Im Kontext des Krieges in der Ukraine und der Debatte um nationale Sicherheit werden aktuelle und zukünftige Herausforderungen, die Verteidigungsfähigkeit, der gesellschaftliche Zusammenhalt und die Rolle der Bundeswehr diskutiert. Im Zentrum steht die Frage: Brauchen wir eine wehrhafte und kriegstüchtige Gesellschaft? Sicherheit und Demokratie nur gemeinsamDie Bundeswehr schützt und verteidigt unser Land und unsere demokratischen Werte. Aber unsere Sicherheit ist nicht ausschließlich eine Aufgabe des Militärs, sondern eine gesamtgesellschaftliche Verantwortung. Die heutigen Herausforderungen lassen sich nur durch eine enge Zusammenarbeit von zivilen, staatlichen und militärischen Akteuren bewältigen. Eine wehrhafte Demokratie erfordert daher nicht nur eine starke und einsatzbereite Bundeswehr, sondern auch eine aktive, informierte Gesellschaft, die bereit ist, Verantwortung zu übernehmen und die notwendige Resilienz in Krisenzeiten zu entwickeln. Dazu diskutierten verschiedene Expertinnen und Experten aus Bundeswehr, Politik und Friedensbewegung am Ehrenmahl der Bundeswehr auf dem Gelände des Verteidigungsministeriums in Berlin. Bundeswehr und Gesellschaft in der ZeitenwendeNur durch eine breite gesellschaftliche Debatte und erfolgreiche zivil-militärische Zusammenarbeit kann Deutschland den Herausforderungen einer sich wandelnden Sicherheitslage begegnen. Für enge zivil-militärische Kooperation steht Generalleutnant André Bodemann, Befehlshaber des Territorialen Führungskommandos der Bundeswehr, ein. Das Territoriale Führungskommando in Berlin verantwortet den Einsatz der Bundeswehr im Inland: Heimatschutz im Frieden und territoriale Verteidigung im Spannungs- und Verteidigungsfall zählen genauso dazu wie die Amts- und Katastrophenhilfe. In der Kommunikation zwischen Bundeswehr und Gesellschaft leisten die Jugendoffiziere der Bundeswehr einen wichtigen Beitrag, indem sie junge Menschen für sicherheitspolitische Fragen sensibilisieren und sie in die Diskussion über Frieden und Sicherheit einbeziehen. Hauptmann David Matei, einer der Jugendoffiziere der Bundeswehr, berichtete von seinen Erfahrungen an Schulen und verdeutlichte, wie groß der Bedarf an Aufklärung und Diskussion über sicherheitspolitische Fragen ist. Dieser Ansicht steht Michael Schulze von Glaßer, freier Journalist und Politischer Geschäftsführer der Deutschen Friedensgesellschaft, kritisch gegenüber, da er sich für eine pazifistische und militärkritische Gesellschaft einsetzt. Die Wehrbeauftragte Eva Högl bekräftigte dagegen ihre Forderung nach der Einführung eines „Jahres für die Gesellschaft“, in dem sich junge Menschen nicht nur im militärischen Bereich, sondern auch in anderen Projekten engagieren können. Als Wehrbeauftragte des Deutschen Bundestages und „Anwältin der Soldaten“ wacht sie über die Wahrung der Grundrechte der Soldatinnen und Soldaten, sowie über die Einhaltung der Inneren Führung. Ihre Erfahrungen und Expertise über den inneren Zustand der Bundeswehr legt sie jährlich dem Bundestag und der Öffentlichkeit vor. Diskussion, Austausch und ExpertiseAuf dem Podium sprachen am 10. September 2024: Dr. Eva Högl, Wehrbeauftragte des Deutschen Bundestages Generalleutnant André Bodemann, Befehlshaber Territoriales Führungskommando der Bundeswehr Michael Schulze von Glaßer, Politischer Geschäftsführer der Deutschen Friedensgesellschaft – Vereinigte KriegsdienstgegnerInnen Hauptmann David Matei, Jugendoffizier und Host des Podcast „Grassl und Matei“ Moderation: Fregattenkapitän Christoph Jan Longen, BMVg Die Einführungsworte sprach Ministerialrat Michael Kniepen, Referatsleiter Politik II 1 im BMVg.

From the BG Ad Group Studio this is your news minute on the Marietta Daily Journal Podcast presented by Credit Union of Georgia. Today is Monday, September 23rd, and I'm Keith Ippolito. Global Leadership Academy Beta Club Inducts 12 Members This past week, twelve outstanding students were inducted into the National Beta Club during a ceremony at the EPIC Homeschool Network's Learning Center in Powder Springs. These students were chosen for their academic excellence and strong character, joining over 500,000 members nationwide. The National Beta Club is the largest educational youth organization in the U.S., dedicated to promoting academic achievement, character, service, and leadership. The newly inducted students are already busy planning for the year ahead, including community service projects and upcoming events. In October, they'll attend the Leadership Summit at Great Wolf Lodge in LaGrange, and in December, they'll compete at the Georgia Convention in Savannah. Melanie Scott, the GLA sponsor, hopes these students will make the most of their Beta Club experience, viewing it as an opportunity to learn and grow. For more news about our community, visit mdjonline.com. For the Marietta Daily Journal Podcast, I'm Keith Ippolito. Produced by The BG Podcast Network NewsPodcast CurrentEvents TopHeadlines #BreakingNews #PodcastDiscussion #PodcastNews #InDepthAnalysis #NewsAnalysis #PodcastTrending #WorldNews #LocalNews #GlobalNews #PodcastInsights #NewsBrief #PodcastUpdate #NewsRoundup #WeeklyNews #DailyNews #PodcastInterviews #HotTopics #PodcastOpinions #InvestigativeJournalism #BehindTheHeadlines #PodcastMedia #NewsStories #PodcastReports #JournalismMatters #PodcastPerspectives #NewsCommentary #PodcastListeners #NewsPodcastCommunity #NewsSource #PodcastCuration #WorldAffairs #PodcastUpdates #AudioNews #PodcastJournalism #EmergingStories #NewsFlash #PodcastConversations #podcast #podcasts #podcaster #podcastlife #podcastshow #podcasting #podcasters #podcastersofinstagram #itunes #applepodcasts #spotifypodcast #soundcloud #youtube #radio #radioshow #comedy #music #hiphop #art #entrepreneur #covid #motivation #interview #repost #loveSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

This is episode 37 of the Love, Hope, Lyme podcast. [NOTE: This podcast does not promote any specific medical treatment and should not be seen as a replacement for medical advice.] Fred Diamond's popular book, "Love, Hope, Lyme: What Family Members, Partners, and Friends Who Love a Chronic Lyme Survivor Need to Know" offers those who love someone with persistent or chronic Lyme disease ideas and tips to support this beloved person. It also helps Lyme survivors know how to ask for support. On today's episode, we discuss Alpha Gal Syndrome, a tick-borne disease that caused red meat allergies, Lyme testing updates, and new treatments in the works. His guests are Global Lyme Alliance CEO Laura MacNeill and then GLA Chief Scientific Officer Tim Sellati. They discuss the work GLA is doing to develop better diagnostics, tests and treatment for tick-borne diseases including Lyme and the coinfections Bartonella and Babesiosis. They discussed work they are funding with Dr. Brandon Jutras at Northwestern University and other research projects in the Lyme and chronic illness world. When Fred was doing the research for his popular book “Love, Hope, Lyme: What Family Members, Partners, and Friends Who Love a Chronic Lyme Survivor Need to Know,” he was ignorant about the work happening at universities to find better diagnostics, treatment, and mental health solutions for the millions of chronic Lyme disease survivors around the globe. If someone you love has been afflicted with Lyme disease, watch this podcast now. If you have Lyme disease, listen for ways to get the support you need. The e-version of Fred's book is always free for Lyme survivors. Just reach out to Fred on Facebook or LinkedIn. The print copy can be ordered at https://www.amazon.com/Love-Hope-Lyme-Partners-Survivor-ebook/dp/B0B9Q8LX7G/.

Join Bo and Timmy Barron in a captivating episode of "Commercially Speaking" as they welcome Jim Rosen, CCIM, a veteran instructor with over 30 years of teaching experience. Jim specializes in CI 103, focusing on the user experience in commercial real estate (CRE). Known for his clear and engaging teaching style, Jim is the perfect guest to break down complex concepts in a way that's easy to understand, especially for minds like Timmy's. What You'll Learn: Introduction to Jim Rosen: Get to know Jim Rosen, his background, and his extensive experience in the CRE industry. CCIM Designation: Learn about the steps and benefits of obtaining a CCIM designation, a mark of excellence in the commercial real estate field. CI 103 Overview: Dive into the user's perspective of commercial real estate, as Jim explains the core concepts of CI 103. Different Kinds of Leases: Understand the various types of leases and their implications for both landlords and tenants. Needs Analysis: Learn how to conduct a thorough needs analysis to ensure the best fit for your client's requirements. Landlord Proposals and Quotes: Discover the differences between rentable and usable quotes, and how to interpret them. Gross Leasable Area (GLA): Gain insights into calculating and utilizing GLA in your CRE strategies. Customization in CRE: Explore why one size does not fit all in commercial real estate and the importance of tailored solutions. Financial Analysis Tools: Master key financial concepts like Net Present Value (NPV) and Comparative Lease Analysis to make informed decisions. Value Assessment: Discuss the differences between market value and investment value, and what these mean for your clients. Negotiation Tactics: Learn the art of initiating and navigating negotiations in the CRE landscape. This episode is packed with valuable insights and practical advice from one of the best educators in the field. Whether you're a seasoned professional or new to the CRE industry, Jim Rosen's expertise will help you understand and apply crucial concepts to enhance your user experience and client satisfaction. Tune in to "Commercially Speaking" for a masterclass in commercial real estate that will elevate your knowledge and skills. Time Code: 00:00 - Start 01:11 - Let me introduce you! 05:12 - Who's Jim Rosen? 08:52 - How To Get a CCIM Designation? 10:02 - CI103 : The User's Perspective 15:01 - Different Kinds of Leases 20:02 - Needs Analysis 22:28 - Landlord proposal 22:59 - Rentable vs Usable Quotes 25:59 - Gross Leasable Area (GLA) 26:38 - One size DOES NOT fit all 28:20 - Net Present Value (NPV) 29:21 - Time Period Zero 31:20 - Comparative Lease Analysis 33:53 - What's it worth TO YOU? (Market vs Investment Value) 41:02 - The Negotiation Initiation

We admit the Mercedes-AMG GLB 35 isn't quite as sleek and sexy-looking as its sibling, the GLA, but when you're at the controls of the compact sports utility, it immediately ceases to matter. The influx of 300+ horsepower is the biggest reason. Suddenly, you're not operating a mundane grocery-getter, but instead, you find yourself piloting an agile, goes-where-you-point-it sports sedan that just happens to be almost five and a half feet tall. The Motor Press Guild's annual Drive Day gave Host Jack Nerad the chance to reacquaint himself with the joys of the AMG GLB 35 4Matic+, which is the hot rod of the GLB lineup. At $59,050, it not only features an AMG-tuned version of a turbocharged 2.0-liter four-cylinder that delivers 302 horsepower, but also a well-tuned sport suspension that includes a multi-link rear. With giant brakes, 19-inch alloy wheels, and low-profile tires, the mashup proves irresistible. Nerad will tell you more in this episode. In this week's other road test, Co-host Chris Teague puts an all-new yet startlingly familiar vehicle to the test. The Mazda CX-70 is brand-spanking-new for the 2025 model year, and we'll bet you haven't seen one. But then it bears a remarkable resemblance to another vehicle that is significantly better known. Teague will describe the CX-70's lineage in much more detail and tell us how he enjoyed driving the plug-in hybrid version of Mazda's newest nameplate. This week our special guest is Sam Fiorani, Vice President of Global Vehicle Forecasting at AutoForecast Solutions. If you are thinking about buying a car this year, Sam can give you a great idea of what you can expect and how you can save some money. So we're sure you'll enjoy our discussion. In this week's news, both General Motors and Ford reasserted their faith in electric vehicles this past week. At the same time, both automakers have cut their current EV production plans as sales have slowed. We have to wonder whether they are crossing their fingers when they say that they have a firm belief in an electric-vehicle future. While EVs aren't selling as well as many had hoped, they are certainly using a lot of electricity. A new study shows how much and where. Of course, the expanded use of electricity has a lot of implications, and we'll explore them in this episode. In other news, Tesla hasn't been able to persuade California to call off its investigation into the way it has marketed its self-driving technology. And Toyota is doubling down on hydrogen despite the fact its Mirai hydrogen fuel cell vehicle has not garnered many sales. Both of those stories are worth exploring, too. America on the Road is brought to you by Driving Today.com, Mercury Insurance, and EMLandsea.com , the publisher of Nerad's latest book, Dance in the Dark, which is available HERE on Amazon.com

This is the second of a three-part series focusing on Fabry disease. In this episode, we talk with Nicola Longo, MD, Chief of the Division of Medical Genetics at the University of Utah, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine in Salt Lake City. Dr. Longo discusses Fabry disease, including the progression of the disease and personalized medicine.Fabry disease is an inherited disorder that results from the buildup of globotriaosylceramide or GL-3. The disorder affects many parts of the body. Signs and symptoms may include acroparesthesias, angiokeratomas, hypohidrosis, corneal opacity, and hearing loss. Potentially severe complications can include progressive kidney damage, heart attack, and stroke. Fabry disease is caused by mutations in the GLA gene and is inherited in an X-linked manner. Treatment may include enzyme replacement therapy (ERT); pain medications, ACE inhibitors; and chronic hemodialysis or renal transplantation for end stage renal disease.

In this first part of our four-part series on Fabry disease, we feature William Burns, MD, a biochemical geneticist at Greenwood Genetic Center in Greenwood, South Carolina. Dr. Burns summarizes this rare disease, including current management strategies.Fabry disease is a lysosomal storage disorder, meaning that a glycosphingolipid called GL-3 accumulates in the lysosomes, causing tissue damage; many cell types are affected.The disease is caused by mutations in the GLA gene, resulting in nonfunctional or dysfunctional alpha-galactosidase A, a lysosomal enzyme. The mutations can be inherited, so multiple family members can have the disease.Fabry disease is a multisystemic disease, affecting many organs, including the heart, kidney and nervous system, resulting in life-threatening complications and a reduced life expectancy. Early signs of the disease start in childhood and adolescence, but it is a progressive, lifelong condition.Newborn screening has now been performed in several countries, yielding a prevalence ranging from 1 in 1,368 to 1 in 8,882 births.

In our latest podcast episode, " With Pain: Exploring Gut Health,Inflammation, and Natural Solutions for Chronic Pain," hosts Dr. Stephen Lewis and Janet Lewis explore the complexities of chronic pain and offer holistic insights and solutions to help you navigate your journey towards better health and well-being. Today on Green Wisdom Health: ·     The detrimental effects of chronic drug use on the liver and the importance of proper detoxification. ·     The role of methylation in energy levels, overall wellness, and the significance of B vitamins like B12, B6, and folate. ·     Identifying potential indicators of liver stress, such as waking between 1-3 am, and ways to improve sleep and energy through proper supplementation and nutrition. ·     How inflammatory factors from bacteria can contribute to chronic pain issues and the importance of addressing them. ·     Various sources of stress in our lives, including chemical exposure, work, relationships, and financial pressures, and how they impact our well-being. ·     The benefits of regular movement include toxin removal and overall health. ·     Natural alternatives like acupuncture, aromatherapy, biofeedback, mindfulness, and chiropractic care in alleviating pain. ·     The significance of weight management, avoiding negative influences and seeking help when needed for improved well-being. Resources Mentioned: Collagen Ultra - Powder (8oz)Collagen Ultra helps support tendon, ligament, cartilage, joint, skin, and hair health. Collagen Factors (60 Capsules)Advanced Collagen Generator Reduces Fine Lines and Wrinkles* Thickens and Strengthens Hair* Strengthens Nails* Supports Healthy Bone Mineral Density* Supports Bone Flexibility* Promotes Connective Tissue Formation for Healthy Joints* D3 5,000 + Super K2 (60 Capsules)Emerging research highlights the importance of optimal intake of vitamin K and its critical role in maintaining bone and cardiovascular health. Composed of a group of naturally occurring and structurally similar, fat-soluble vitamins, vitamin K is required for the proper utilization of calcium and helps to bind newly absorbed calcium to the bone matrix. Vitamin K helps maintain bone mineral density by decreasing the activity of osteoclasts, cells that break down bone. It also provides critical cardiovascular protection by activating matrix Gla protein (MGP), a potent inhibitor of circulatory calcification. Along with vitamin D. Pain Relief Comprehensive Lab PanelIf you struggle with headaches or muscle, joint, or nerve pain, this lab is the place to start. The Pain Relief lab panel is designed to uncover the underlying or otherwise unknown root cause of the inflammation.   Dr. Lewis and Janet offer hope and guidance for people with chronic pain. Stressing the importance of addressing the root causes rather than just the symptoms, they also explore the connections between gut health, inflammation, and specific pain issues and provide a comprehensive approach to pain management. Are you ready to take control of your health and start feeling your best?We're offering an exclusive 10% off on our Male Health Extensive Profile Lab Panel and the Women's Extensive Hormones Weight Loss Lab Panel. Our comprehensive lab panels are designed to give you deep insights into your health and help you understand what your body needs to thrive. Boost your energy, improve your hormonal balance, and kick-start your weight loss journey. Our tests provide the clarity you need to make informed decisions about your health. Visit Green Wisdom Health and use the code BALANCE to claim your discount. Don't wait to feel great—take the first step towards a healthier you withGreen Wisdom Health today. For more information and personalized nutrient plans tailored to your health needs, please contact our Green Wisdom Health team at (903) 663-1008 Bless you, and thank you for being a part of the Green Wisdom Health community.

This is episode 29 of the Love, Hope, Lyme podcast. Fred Diamond's popular book, "Love, Hope, Lyme: What Family Members, Partners, and Friends Who Love a Chronic Lyme Survivor Need to Know" offers those who love someone with persistent or chronic Lyme ideas and tips to support this beloved person. It also helps Lyme survivors know how to ask for support. On today's episode, we discuss the challenges that tick bite parasitic coinfections add to the diagnostic and treatment puzzle most Lyme disease survivors face. His guest is Global Lyme Alliance CEO Laura MacNeill. She discussed the work her organization is doing to develop better diagnostics, tests and treatment for the coinfections Bartonella and Babesiosis. MacNeill said that GLA is supporting Dr. Choukri Ben Mamoun at Yale in his research on a dual therapy approach using the antimalarials tafenoquine and atovaquone. She also discussed the Bartonella Discovery Project that is being done with Dr. Monica Embers at Tulane University, a specialist in Borrelia burgdorferi and Lyme disease. When Fred was doing the research for his popular book “Love, Hope, Lyme: What Family Members, Partners, and Friends Who Love a Chronic Lyme Survivor Need to Know,” he had no idea there were other diseases Lyme survivors had to worry about. If someone you love has been afflicted with Lyme disease, watch this podcast now. If you have Lyme disease, listen for ways to get the support you need. The e-version of Fred's book is always free for Lyme survivors. Just reach out to Fred on Facebook or LinkedIn. The print copy can be ordered at https://www.amazon.com/Love-Hope-Lyme-Partners-Survivor-ebook/dp/B0B9Q8LX7G/.

On ClearCast episode 40, Jeff Allen takes the hot seat. Kenon Chen joins ClearCast guest host, Jancy Ulch, for an interview with Jeff Allen, President of CubiCasa. The three discuss digital GLA, the reliability of AI floor plans, and CubiCasa's mission to bring a floor plan to every real estate listing in the country.ClearCast is the real estate fintech podcast by Clear Capital, co-hosted by Jeff Allen, President of CubiCasa, and Kenon Chen, EVP of corporate strategy at Clear Capital. Each month, we bring you compelling stories and revolutionary ideas from the people, companies, and institutions at the intersection of real estate, finance, and technology. Want to be a guest on the show? Email Jancy Ulch at jancy.ulch@clearcapital.com.

In this special edition of Maintenance and Mindfulness Live Gina Livy talks with Naturopathic Doctor Paul Hrkal. This is the live recording from January 26, 2024. You can find the full video hosted at https://www.facebook.com/groups/ginalivymaintenanceandmindfulnessTopics covered:Do we need to keep taking supplements now that we are in Maintenance?Let's talk about the basic supplements that can be helpful when in maintenance.Vitamin D - Are you taking enough or deficient? Get tested to really know your levels.When it comes to calcium, here's what you need to know.Thinking about adding in Vitamin K2? Here are some ways to introduce this into your supplement routine.What about taking Magnesium and the different types of magnesium available?Omega 3: In maintenance, you may want to look at the type and amount to get the desired effects.Omega 6 (GLA) and Evening Primrose - Dr Paul breaks down the nuances of using this.Wondering about seed oils? Let's discuss sources, processing, and benefits.What about using prebiotics and probiotics ongoing?Genetics, early childhood, and the predetermination of our microbiome over our lifetime.In Maintenance, you want to get more personalized about your supplements based on your new goals.Now that you've lost the weight, do you still need to be on those medications?Life happens: Know the obstacles that set you back.Health is not a checklist: we need to stay on top of health, not just check it off a list.If you missed the conversation with Dr. Paul on Tuesday, check out the Weigh In with Gina Podcast.Where to find Dr. Paul Hrkal - http://www.paulhrkalnd.com/ and on Instagram @drpaulhrkalTo learn more about The Livy Method, visit www.ginalivy.com. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

CardioNerds cofounder Dr. Amit Goyal and cardiology fellows from the Cleveland Clinic (Drs. Alejandro Duran Crane, Gary Parizher, and Simrat Kaur) discuss the following case: A 61-year-old man presented with symptoms of heart failure and left ventricular hypertrophy. He was given a diagnosis of obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. He eventually underwent septal myectomy, mitral valve replacement, aortic aneurysm repair, and aortic valve replacement with findings of Fabry's disease on surgical pathology. The case discussion focuses on the differential diagnosis for LVH and covers Fabry disease as an HCM mimic. Expert commentary was provided by Dr. Angelika Ewrin. The episode audio was edited by student Dr. Diane Masket. US Cardiology Review is now the official journal of CardioNerds! Submit your manuscript here. CardioNerds Case Reports PageCardioNerds Episode PageCardioNerds AcademyCardionerds Healy Honor Roll CardioNerds Journal ClubSubscribe to The Heartbeat Newsletter!Check out CardioNerds SWAG!Become a CardioNerds Patron! Case Media - An Unusual Cause of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy – Cleveland Clinic Pearls - An Unusual Cause of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy – Cleveland Clinic Left ventricular hypertrophy is a cardiac manifestation of several different systemic and cardiac processes, and its etiology should be clarified to avoid missed diagnosis and treatment opportunities. Fabry disease is a rare, X-linked inherited disease that can present cardiac and extra-cardiac manifestations, the former of which include hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, conduction defects, coronary artery disease, conduction abnormalities, arrhythmias, and heart failure.  The diagnosis of Fabry disease includes measurement of alpha-galactosidase enzyme activity as well as genetic testing to evaluate for pathogenic variants or variants of unknown significance in the GLA gene. Family members of patients diagnosed with Fabry disease should be screened based on the inheritance pattern.   Multimodality imaging can be helpful in the diagnosis of Fabry disease. Echocardiography can show left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), reduced global strain, aortic and mitral valve thickening, and aortic root dilation with associated mild to moderate aortic regurgitation. Cardiac MRI can show hypertrophy of papillary muscles, mid-wall late gadolinium enhancement and low-native T1 signal.   The treatment of Fabry disease involves a multi-disciplinary approach with geneticists, nephrologists, cardiologists, nephrologists, and primary care doctors. Enzyme replacement therapy can delay the progression of cardiac disease.    Show Notes - An Unusual Cause of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy – Cleveland Clinic What are the causes of left ventricular hypertrophy? LVH is extremely common. It is present in 15-20% of the general population, and is more common in Black individuals, the elderly, obese or hypertensive individuals, with most cases being secondary to hypertension and aortic valve stenosis. In general terms, it is helpful to divide the causes of LVH into three main groups: high afterload states, obstruction to LV ejection, and intrinsic myocardial problems. Increased afterload states include both primary and secondary hypertension and renal artery stenosis. Mechanical obstruction includes aortic stenosis, subaortic stenosis, and coarctation of the aorta. Lastly, several intrinsic problems of the myocardium can cause LV hypertrophy, such as athletic heart with physiological LVH, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with or without outflow obstruction, and infiltrative or storage diseases such as cardiac amyloidosis, Fabry's disease, or Danon disease, among others.  How does Fabry disease present? Fabry disease is present in all races and is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the GLA gene that result in reduced alpha-galactosidase enzyme activity,

Question: How to Find the Root Cause of Autoimmunity? Short Answer: Autoimmune conditions are likely driven by deficiencies of vitamins A and D, which contribute to post-infectious autoimmunity by compromising the rhythmic rise and fall of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and to autoimmunity regardless of infections through impaired suppression of Th17 helper T cells. More broadly, infections and tissue damage are the most likely drivers of autoimmunity onset. However, energy metabolism governs everything through the second law of thermodynamics, which holds that energy must be used to prevent everything from randomly mixing, and this includes randomly mixing the immune defense against pathogens with immune attacks on the host. In this example, we discuss how a respiratory chain disorder would compromise absorption and distribution of zinc and compromise the oxidation of NADH to NAD+, and how both of these would interact with a genetic impairment in acetaldehyde dehydrogenase to prevent the activation of vitamin A to retinoic acid. Autoimmunity thus results as one of many symptoms of vitamin A deficiency driven not by lack of vitamin A, but rather by impaired activation of vitamin A, secondary to impaired energy metabolism.  This is a clip from a live Q&A session open to CMJ Masterpass members. In addition to this episode, you can access two other free samples using this link: https://chrismasterjohnphd.substack.com/p/questions-on-nac-biofilms-vitamin In that batch of free episodes you will also find the answer to this question: Can NAC hurt your gut health? Why Would Vitamin C Cause Joint Pain, Muscle Pain, and Brain Fog? If you want to become a Masterpass member so you can participate in the next live Q&A, or so you can have access to the complete recording and transcript of each Q&A session, you can save 10% off the subscription price for as long as you remain a member by using this link to sign up: https://chrismasterjohnphd.substack.com/qanda Learn more about the Masterpass here: https://chrismasterjohnphd.substack.com/about This snippet is from the May 13, 2023 AMA. The full recording and transcript is reserved for Masterpass members. Here is a preview of what's included: GLA to lower hydroxyhaemopyrrolin-2-one? When would I use the StrateGene and Genova Methylation Panel for nutritional testing? Energy metabolism as a root cause of gut issues? Nutrition for skin healing? Nutrition for hypnic jerks? Suggestions for snoring or sleep apnea? Nutrition to protect against restaurant meals? What is the cause of crusty eyes in the morning? What causes brain fog? How much oxalate should one eat each day? Should I be concerned about low alkaline phosphatase? What nutrients give tall children to short parents? Energy metabolism impairment mimicking Wilson's disease. Can taking digestive enzymes reduce our own production? Rapid-fire response to non-winners from the question contest. Here's a link to the full AMA: https://chrismasterjohnphd.substack.com/p/recording-and-transcript-of-the-may  Access the show notes, transcript, and comments here.  

After a short Sportscast segment in which Steven and Ian mourn the sorry states of their respective teams at the moment (Packers and Phillies), they get down to some inside-baseball chat about reckonings at major music publications. Rolling Stone published several articles this week that addressed Jann Wenner's recent comments about female and POC musicians, and Bandcamp was reeling after Instagram posts by the site's editorial director slamming the platform's union surfaced (6:57).After that, they delve into the latest album by The Gaslight Anthem, History Books, the band's first in nine years. Even with the long break, GLA pretty much picks up where they left off (30:31). Then Steven and Ian talk about the 20th anniversary of Chutes Too Narrow, the 2003 Shins album that Ian recently wrote about for Stereogum (37:03). In the mailbag, a listener asks about the numerous cameos by singer-songwriters in Killers Of The Flower Moon — including Jason Isbell, Sturgill Simpson, Jack White, and Pete Yorn (47:14) — while another listener talks about the surprisingly thriving Tumblr scene in the 2010s for bands like Beirut and The Decemberists (53:32).In Recommendation Corner (58:17), Ian talks up the new album by emo band awakebutstillinbed while Steven recommends a reissue from the iconic Pacific Northwest band Lync and a new EP by the jangle-pop group Lightheaded.New episodes of Indiecast drop every Friday. Listen to Episode 161 and subscribe wherever you get your podcasts. You can submit questions for Steve and Ian at indiecastmailbag@gmail.com, and make sure to follow us on Instagram and Twitter for all the latest news. We also recently launched a visualizer for our favorite Indiecast moments. Check those out here.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Question: Why Would Vitamin C cause muscle pain, joint pain, and brain fog? Short Answer: Acutely, vitamin C would likely cause these effects by generating oxalate, which could cause crystals that lead to muscle and joint pain, and could cut energy metabolism in half, leading to brain fog. This vulnerability could result from deficiencies of any of the B vitamins, any of the electrolytes, or of iron, copper, or sulfur; from diabetes, low adrenals, or hypothyroidism; or from any of the hundreds of genetic defects in energy metabolism, only one of which is glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency; or any one of a huge number of toxins that impair energy metabolism. Chronically, vitamin C may increase the harms of iron overload or contribute to copper deficiency. The main ways to manage these latter issues are to take vitamin C away from meals, to maintain good copper status through proper dietary intake, and to treat iron overload with phlebotomy. This is a clip from a live Q&A session open to CMJ Masterpass members. In addition to this episode, you can access two other free samples using this link: https://chrismasterjohnphd.substack.com/p/questions-on-nac-biofilms-vitamin In that batch of free episodes you will also find the answer to this question: Can NAC hurt your gut health? How to Find the Root Cause of Autoimmunity? If you want to become a Masterpass member so you can participate in the next live Q&A, or so you can have access to the complete recording and transcript of each Q&A session, you can save 10% off the subscription price for as long as you remain a member by using this link to sign up: https://chrismasterjohnphd.substack.com/qanda Learn more about the Masterpass here: https://chrismasterjohnphd.substack.com/about This snippet is from the May 13, 2023 AMA. The full recording and transcript is reserved for Masterpass members. Here is a preview of what's included: GLA to lower hydroxyhaemopyrrolin-2-one? When would I use the StrateGene and Genova Methylation Panel for nutritional testing? Energy metabolism as a root cause of gut issues? Nutrition for skin healing? Nutrition for hypnic jerks? Suggestions for snoring or sleep apnea? Nutrition to protect against restaurant meals? What is the cause of crusty eyes in the morning? What causes brain fog? How much oxalate should one eat each day? Should I be concerned about low alkaline phosphatase? What nutrients give tall children to short parents? Energy metabolism impairment mimicking Wilson's disease. Can taking digestive enzymes reduce our own production? Rapid-fire response to non-winners from the question contest. Here's a link to the full AMA: https://chrismasterjohnphd.substack.com/p/recording-and-transcript-of-the-may  

Question: Can NAC hurt your gut health? Short Answer: N-acetylcysteine or NAC can be used at a dose of 600 to 2,400 milligrams per day for 5-10 days to disrupt biofilms and make it easier for antimicrobials to kill bacteria. Animal studies suggest that acute doses up to 6 grams do not deplete mucus or cause ulceration, but that an acute dose of 17.5 grams can deplete mucus and cause ulcers within two hours. Human studies suggest that 10 grams per day can be used for 24 weeks with fewer than 1 in 6 people complaining of gastrointestinal side effects. Yet, chronic use of NAC will thin the mucus, disrupt the biofilms used by normal healthy microbiota, and possibly deliver excessive sulfur to certain components of the microbiome. Therefore, I would not use it except for specific, targeted reasons, and I would not use it at a dose higher than needed or for a duration longer than needed. This is a clip from a live Q&A session open to CMJ Masterpass members. In addition to this episode, you can access two other free samples using this link: https://chrismasterjohnphd.substack.com/p/questions-on-nac-biofilms-vitamin In that batch of free episodes you will also find the answer to this question: Why Would Vitamin C cause muscle pain, joint pain, and brain fog? How to Find the Root Cause of Autoimmunity? If you want to become a Masterpass member so you can participate in the next live Q&A, or so you can have access to the complete recording and transcript of each Q&A session, you can save 10% off the subscription price for as long as you remain a member by using this link to sign up: https://chrismasterjohnphd.substack.com/qanda Learn more about the Masterpass here: https://chrismasterjohnphd.substack.com/about This snippet is from the May 13, 2023 AMA. The full recording and transcript is reserved for Masterpass members. Here is a preview of what's included: GLA to lower hydroxyhaemopyrrolin-2-one? When would I use the StrateGene and Genova Methylation Panel for nutritional testing? Energy metabolism as a root cause of gut issues? Nutrition for skin healing? Nutrition for hypnic jerks? Suggestions for snoring or sleep apnea? Nutrition to protect against restaurant meals? What is the cause of crusty eyes in the morning? What causes brain fog? How much oxalate should one eat each day? Should I be concerned about low alkaline phosphatase? What nutrients give tall children to short parents? Energy metabolism impairment mimicking Wilson's disease. Can taking digestive enzymes reduce our own production? Rapid-fire response to non-winners from the question contest. Here's a link to the full AMA: https://chrismasterjohnphd.substack.com/p/recording-and-transcript-of-the-may Access the show notes, transcript, and comments here.  

Question: How can I protect against oxalates? Short Answer: Getting 300-400 mg calcium between food and supplements at each meal will minimize oxalate absorption. Maintaining postprandial urine pH in the 6.4-6.8 range by getting 3-5 grams of potassium per day from food or from organic acid salts such as potassium citrate will prevent its crystallization in the kidney. Reducing dietary oxalate will prevent any possible damage in the gut. This is a clip from a live Q&A session open to CMJ Masterpass members. In addition to this episode, you can access two other free samples using this link: https://chrismasterjohnphd.substack.com/p/questions-on-blood-glucose-and-oxalate In that batch of free episodes you will also find the answer to this question:  Why Should Postprandial Glucose Be Kept Under 140 mg/dL? If you want to become a Masterpass member so you can participate in the next live Q&A, or so you can have access to the complete recording and transcript of each Q&A session, you can save 10% off the subscription price for as long as you remain a member by using this link to sign up: https://chrismasterjohnphd.substack.com/qanda Learn more about the Masterpass here: https://chrismasterjohnphd.substack.com/about This snippet is from the April 12, 2023 AMA. The full recording and transcript is reserved for Masterpass members. Here is a preview of what's included: What Causes Hypercholesterolemia and Does It Matter? How to Reverse Coronary Calcification? How to do a comprehensive nutritional screening How long after eating improperly cooked egg whites should I wait to take biotin? Is the extrusion process as harmful as some claim? How long can one fast before micronutrient deficiencies become an issue? Do B vitamins compete with each other for absorption? Why is thirst a symptom of diabetes? Do I agree with Peter Attia that ApoB should be driven as low as pharmacologically possible? During a fast, does the body break down muscle? How do you rest and refeed your brain? Why would someone have high RBC magnesium but low serum magnesium? GLA deficiency? Should we eat for our ethnicity? How convincing are polyphenol studies? Can coronary calcium be driven by oxalate? Citrulline for vasodilation How to reduce catabolism Rapid-fire run-through of orphaned questions from the submission contest, including a detailed look at Nadia's thyroid numbers Here's a link to the full AMA: https://chrismasterjohnphd.substack.com/p/recording-and-transcript-of-the-april Access the show notes, transcript, and comments here.    

Question: Why should postprandial blood glucose be kept under 140 milligrams per deciliter? Short Answer: When blood glucose rises above 140 mg/dL, this is the approximate point at which it spills into the polyol pathway at a greater-than-normal rate, which represents a suboptimal state of metabolism that is likely to hurt antioxidant status and compromise detoxification pathways as well as the recycling of vitamin K and folate. It must be kept in mind that a healthy person will adapt to glycemic loads they consume regularly. Thus, a one-time spike above 140 mg/dL should never be used to conclude anything whatsoever. Only repeated spikes above this level with repeated consumption of the same glycemic load over several days to several weeks should be used as a cause for concern. This is a clip from a live Q&A session open to CMJ Masterpass members. In addition to this episode, you can access two other free samples using this link: https://chrismasterjohnphd.substack.com/p/questions-on-blood-glucose-and-oxalate In that batch of free episodes you will also find the answer to this question: How can I protect against oxalates? If you want to become a Masterpass member so you can participate in the next live Q&A, or so you can have access to the complete recording and transcript of each Q&A session, you can save 10% off the subscription price for as long as you remain a member by using this link to sign up: https://chrismasterjohnphd.substack.com/qanda Learn more about the Masterpass here: https://chrismasterjohnphd.substack.com/about This snippet is from the April 12, 2023 AMA. The full recording and transcript is reserved for Masterpass members. Here is a preview of what's included: What Causes Hypercholesterolemia and Does It Matter? How to Reverse Coronary Calcification? How to do a comprehensive nutritional screening How long after eating improperly cooked egg whites should I wait to take biotin? Is the extrusion process as harmful as some claim? How long can one fast before micronutrient deficiencies become an issue? Do B vitamins compete with each other for absorption? Why is thirst a symptom of diabetes? Do I agree with Peter Attia that ApoB should be driven as low as pharmacologically possible? During a fast, does the body break down muscle? How do you rest and refeed your brain? Why would someone have high RBC magnesium but low serum magnesium? GLA deficiency? Should we eat for our ethnicity? How convincing are polyphenol studies? Can coronary calcium be driven by oxalate? Citrulline for vasodilation How to reduce catabolism Rapid-fire run-through of orphaned questions from the submission contest, including a detailed look at Nadia's thyroid numbers Here's a link to the full AMA: https://chrismasterjohnphd.substack.com/p/recording-and-transcript-of-the-april Access the show notes, transcript, and comments here.  

Today, I am blessed to have here with me Catharine Arnston. Catharine Arnston is the Founder and CEO of ENERGYbits® and an expert on the health benefits of algae. Catharine's passion for algae is contagious. She has been a speaker at hundreds of conferences, podcasts, broadcasts, and national television. Her scientific fluency allows her to explain algae with such simplicity and clarity that it quickly becomes apparent why algae are urgently needed. Algae is the most nutritionally dense food globally, yet it is virtually unknown outside Asia. Catharine's mission is to change that. In this episode, Catharine opens the show by speaking about the importance of superoxide dismutase (S.O.D.) for clearing free radicals. The highest concentration of S.O.D. is actually in spirulina. Catharine explains how spirulina could be the missing piece to improving the health of your mitochondria. Plus, Catharine speaks about all the other health benefits of algae. Tune in as we chat about using algae as a biohack before red light therapy and how algae can replace your mineral supplements.  Purchase EnergyBits and RecoveryBits here: https://www.energybits.com/ use the coupon code KETOKAMP for 20% off.  Join my upcoming FREE keto LIVE training here: http://www.ketosismasterclass.com  -------------------------------------------------------- / / E P I S O D E   S P ON S O R S  Biotiquest Sugar Shift product. Regulate glucose, reduce cravings, achieve deeper ketosis, and remove glyphosate.  https://biotiquest.com/products/sugar-shift Use the coupon code KAMP10 for 10% off their products.  Bioptimizers Masszymes for better digestion on keto and carnivore. Get 10% off your bottle bottle of Masszymes right now by heading to masszymes.com/ketokamp and use coupon code ketokamp10 .  Text me the words "Podcast" +1 (786) 364-5002 to be added to my contacts list.  [01:30] The Importance of Superoxide Dismutase (S.O.D.) For Clearing Free Radicals Spirulina is an effortless way to get the nutrients you need to give you energy.  The true energy that you get from spirulina is really at the cellular level. When your cells have energy, you're getting better digestion, reduced inflammation, more free radicals, and you can think clearer.  Inside the mitochondria is a second membrane where ATP production occurs.  Virtually no antioxidants can make their way into that inner membrane.  There's nothing that can make its way into the inner membrane to get rid of those free radicals except something called S.O.D.   The highest concentration of S.O.D. is in spirulina. [13:00] Spirulina Could Be The Missing Piece To Getting The Mitochondria To Function Better Spirulina is called cyanobacterial; they are your mitochondria.  Mitochondria in our cells came from the cyanobacteria, effectively spirulina. When you have spirulina, it's like introducing your body to itself. If you look at the shape of spirulina and you look at the mitochondria, they are identical.  When you take something identical to your DNA, your body knows what to do.  [17:50] How Chlorophyll Can Heal Cellular Damage Inside The Body  When you have free radicals, they cause what's called oxidative stress. Oxidative stress will cause cellular damage.  With cellular damage, nutrients cannot flow into the cells, and toxins cannot flow out of the cells. So, you will end up with more free radicals inside the cell, causing severe damage.  Eventually, this can cause rogue cells, leading to cancer.  Chlorella and spirulina are excellent at correcting that because they have the highest chlorophyll concentration in the world.  Healthy fats will heal your cell walls. Chlorophyll is a fat-based pigment.  [23:25] The Reasons You Should Take Algae Instead of Fish Oil  Spirulina is higher in GLA and omegas than fish oil.  Fish get their omegas from algae. So cut out the middle man by going straight to the algae.  Algae is cleaner, and it doesn't go any farther down the food chain.  Plus, it is already rancid by the time you get fish oil from the store. With Catharine's algae, you'll get anti-inflammatory benefits. Also, it never goes rancid, and it never goes bad.  [32:30] Does Algae Increase Your Glucose Levels?  Algae do not decrease your ketones, and it does not increase your glucose. Catharine has tested it herself with people who have CGM monitors.  Algae has been used for decades for people who have diabetes.   Catharine's products are taken by people looking to reverse their diabetes. Unfortunately, we know more about our cell phones than we do our bodies.  When something goes wrong, people run to conventional medical sources.  Instead, we need to learn how our body functions and what it requires to function at an optimal level.  [37:50] You Can't Have An Iron Overload When Taking Spirulina or Chlorella The nice thing about algae is that it's what's called an adaptogen.  It won't be absorbed in your body if you do not need that nutrient. However, this is not the case with iron supplements. Catharine urges people not to take iron supplements because you can easily get overloaded with iron.  The iron in the spirulina or chlorella comes from an organic source. So, your body can recognize it and know what to do with it.  [39:20] Taking Algae Can Replace Your Mineral Supplements  Spirulina and chlorella are loaded with minerals like magnesium and potassium.  When your body makes S.O.D, it needs manganese, zinc, and copper. All of these minerals are in spirulina.  Many people will use chlorella because it helps recover your health and helps remove toxins.  Take chlorella for detox instead of activated charcoal. Activated charcoal will pull out all minerals, not just the bad stuff.  [41:20] Algae Is A Great Biohack Before Red Light Therapy  Red light therapy stimulates mitochondrial growth; it also reduces inflammation. Bacteria have chloroplasts in them, and they generate energy from light.  When you take spirulina or chlorella before red light therapy, you stimulate the mitochondria even more. Marathon runners adopted Catharine's products quickly because the spirulina gave them energy and didn't upset their stomachs. When you have chlorophyll in your body during red light therapy, it will increase your energy production.  AND MUCH MORE! Resources from this episode:  Check out ENERGYbits: https://www.energybits.com/ (use code “ketokamp”) Follow ENERGYbits Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/energybits/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ENERGYbits/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/energybits Longevity and health benefits of algae, studies: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1D4aRpQlTJEDzzKHM8yH4VhnctHUHY4kC/view?usp=sharing Listen to Keto Kamp 241: https://ketokamp.libsyn.com/catharine-arnston Biohacking Conference: https://biohackingconference.com/ (use code “benazadi”) Algae Research: https://www.energybits.com/about-algae/algae-research.html Join the Keto Kamp Academy: https://ketokampacademy.com/7-day-trial-a Watch Keto Kamp on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUh_MOM621MvpW_HLtfkLyQ Purchase EnergyBits and RecoveryBits here: https://www.energybits.com/ use the coupon code KETOKAMP for 20% off.  -------------------------------------------------------- / / E P I S O D E   S P ON S O R S  Biotiquest Sugar Shift product. Regulate glucose, reduce cravings, achieve deeper ketosis, and remove glyphosate.  https://biotiquest.com/products/sugar-shift Use the coupon code KAMP10 for 10% off their products.  Bioptimizers Masszymes for better digestion on keto and carnivore. Get 10% off your bottle bottle of Masszymes right now by heading to masszymes.com/ketokamp and use coupon code ketokamp10 .  Text me the words "Podcast" +1 (786) 364-5002 to be added to my contacts list.  *Some Links Are Affiliates* // F O L L O W ▸ instagram | @thebenazadi | http://bit.ly/2B1NXKW ▸ facebook | /thebenazadi | http://bit.ly/2BVvvW6 ▸ twitter | @thebenazadi http://bit.ly/2USE0so ▸clubhouse | @thebenazadi Disclaimer: This podcast is for information purposes only. Statements and views expressed on this podcast are not medical advice. This podcast including Ben Azadi disclaim responsibility from any possible adverse effects from the use of information contained herein. Opinions of guests are their own, and this podcast does not accept responsibility of statements made by guests. This podcast does not make any representations or warranties about guests qualifications or credibility. Individuals on this podcast may have a direct or non-direct interest in products or services referred to herein. If you think you have a medical problem, consult a licensed physician.