Podcasts about corals

In this episode, the Water Colors Team discusses soft corals, specifically, those in the class octocorallia. We attempt to breakdown the taxonomy, care, and accessibility of the many varieties within this class. Octocorallia contains over 3000 species, and can generally be identified by the 8-fold symmetry of the colonial polyps. What are your favorite soft corals to keep? Join the discussion on the Water Colors Aquarium Gallery Podcast Listeners Facebook group! https://www.facebook.com/groups/788428861825086/ Enjoying the show? Support the gallery by shopping aquarium plants, merch, equipment, and more! https://watercolorsaquariumgallery.com/ Looking for more content? Become a YouTube member for exclusive access to behind the scenes livestreams! https://www.youtube.com/@watercolorsaquariumgallery

Some rain has fallen in parts of Victoria, and among those celebrating were these kids (pictured).However, one Victoria farmer says: "‘I won't get excited until my hair is wet': This weekend is make or break for farmers";Podcast: "Mining in the deep blue";"In one awful decision, Albanese has revealed his do-nothing plan";"A carbon tax and some key policy challenges";"UNESCO expresses ‘utmost concern' at the state of the Great Barrier Reef";"The slippery question of how to define a wetland";"Gulf Coast Communities Take on Insurers Backing Trump-Approved Fossil Fuel Facilities";"DOE Axes $3.7B in Clean Energy Grants—Is America's Net Zero Future in Jeopardy?";"Trump​ Is Going to Raise Your Insurance Premiums";"‘Fast running out of time to turn the tide': Australia at sea in vast marine heatwave";"Some Hopeful News About the Future of the World's Corals";"Colorado River Basin Aquifers Are Declining Even More Steeply Than the River, New Research Shows".

The 2025 hurricane season is underway, and the U.S. is likely to see higher than average activity. The past couple of years, extremely warm water in the Gulf of Mexico helped storms rapidly intensify to major hurricanes. But cuts to federal weather monitoring and hurricane modeling could leave the U.S. underprepared for strengthening storms. Also, record-breaking heat in the oceans has led to the most widespread coral bleaching event ever documented, ongoing since January 2023. Bleaching weakens the corals and many end up dying, but others can recover and researchers are finding ways to help corals survive and thrive. And poor air quality from wildfire smoke and other pollutants can harm cardiovascular health and also make farmworkers more prone to work injuries, according to researchers. But in California, requirements for employers to hand out face masks are often too late to prevent farmworkers from experiencing impacts. We talk about proposals to better protect the people who grow our food from air pollution.  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Épisode 2. Cet accord qui peut tout changer. En 2004, la quasi-totalité des pays du monde entier se sont engagés dans une aventure diplomatique hors norme : construire, ensemble, un accord pour protéger l'océan et sa biodiversité. Un projet aussi ambitieux ne se concrétise pas du jour au lendemain, d'autant que les divergences entre États ont posé un défi majeur : comment concilier les intérêts de chacun tout en garantissant la préservation de l'océan et de ses richesses ? Cette aventure diplomatique a duré vingt ans. Vingt années pendant lesquelles des diplomates, des scientifiques, des ONG des quatre coins du monde ont œuvré sans relâche pour créer cet accord dit "l'accord BBNJ", ou Traité international pour la protection de la haute mer et de la biodiversité marine au delà des zones de juridiction nationale. Dans cet épisode, quatre personnes qui ont participé à ces négociations nous racontent les coulisses de cette aventure rocambolesque. Avec : Lisa Speer, directrice de l'ONG américaine Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC), chargée des océans ;  Serge Ségura, ambassadeur à la retraite, chef de la délégation française pour l'accord BBNJ pendant 14 ans ;  Sandrine Barbier, directrice adjointe à la Direction des affaires juridiques, cheffe de la délégation française pour l'accord BBNJ ; Krystel Wanneau, docteure en sciences politiques et enseignante-chercheuse à Sciences-Po Grenoble, qui a travaillé sur les politiques environnementales internationales ------ POUR ALLER PLUS LOIN : L'accord BBNJ : parcourez la version intégrale de ce traité historique adopté en 2023 ;  Le fascinant et merveilleux "Atlas des abysses" (éd. Arthaud, 2024), de Stéphanie Brabant (journaliste), Jozée Sarrazin (océanaute), et illustré par Julie Terrazzoni, cet ouvrage poético-scientifique transporte ses lecteurs dans l'univers fascinant des fonds marin ;   L'indispensable guide "L'océan en 30 questions" signé Marina Lévy et Laurent Bopp (éd. La Documentation française, 2025) ;  ------ ARCHIVES & EXTRAITS : extraits de discours au One Ocean Summit à Brest en 2022 ; extrait de l'adoption de la résolution A/72/L7 lors de l'Assemblée générale de l'ONU en 2018 ; extraits des sessions de négociations du BBNJ enregistrées à l'ONU entre 2019 et 2023 ; extraits de journaux télévisés français, brésilien, américain et italien sur la pandémie de Covid en 2020 ; lecture d'une lettre de Rena Lee, présidente des négociations BBNJ, du 9 mars 2020 ------ CRÉDITS : Voix, écriture, production et réalisation : Diane Jean Illustrations et identité visuelle : Julie Feydel Doublage voix et édition : Mariane Schlegel Communication : Kaled Maddi et Matthias Lugoy Direction de production : Julie Godefroy Musique : Falling Angels, Ketil Lien ; Staring into the Abyss, 2050 ; DKNW, sunwo0o ; Ruin My Life, Jane the Boy ; Corals under the sun, Omri Smadar ; Cookie Jar, Hans Johnson ; Atlantique, AMF Beef ; Medusa the Mournful, Louis Adrien ;  Breath In Out, Nsee ; Cryostatis, Jamie Bathgate ; 1983, Angel Salazar (Artlist) ------ À PROPOS : « Qui gouverne l'océan ? » est une série du podcast Sources diplomatiques. Réalisé par le ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères, ce podcast vous propose des documentaires, décryptages, récits intimes et conversations pour plonger dans les coulisses de la diplomatie française et comprendre les grands enjeux internationaux. Sources diplomatiques est à retrouver sur toutes les applications d'écoutes et de streaming audio.

Join Ellen & special guest, champion of the reef Jessie Palmer, as we try to save the world one polyp at a time. We discuss coral wars and neural nets, aliens from a different version of our own planet, literally re-inventing the wheel with coral-inspired biomimicry, what's up with coral bleaching and how can we help, and even surprisingly philosophical questions, like “what is an individual?” “what is the self?” and “at what point do you have a new body?” This episode will change the way you look at a reef - and maybe even yourself. Hope you're ready.Links:Follow Jessie on Instagram!For more information about us & our podcast, head over to our website!Follow Just the Zoo of Us on BlueSky, Facebook, Instagram & Discord!Follow Ellen on BlueSky!

Join Ellen & special guest, champion of the reef Jessie Palmer, as we try to save the world one polyp at a time. We discuss coral wars and neural nets, aliens from a different version of our own planet, literally re-inventing the wheel with coral-inspired biomimicry, what's up with coral bleaching and how can we help, and even surprisingly philosophical questions, like “what is an individual?” “what is the self?” and “at what point do you have a new body?” This episode will change the way you look at a reef - and maybe even yourself. Hope you're ready.Links:Follow Jessie on Instagram!For more information about us & our podcast, head over to our website!Follow Just the Zoo of Us on BlueSky, Facebook, Instagram & Discord!Follow Ellen on BlueSky!

In this episode, the Water Colors team discusses their favorite soft corals. We have loosely categorized soft corals using the hobby’s distinctions, but keep in mind this is not based on any scientific classifications. Corals in this category are often very easy to keep, many of which propagate very quickly in home aquariums. They are often more forgiving, making them great additions to reef tanks of all styles. What soft corals are your favorites? Join the discussion on the Water Colors Aquarium Gallery Podcast Listeners Facebook group! https://www.facebook.com/groups/788428861825086/ Enjoying the show? Support the gallery by shopping aquarium plants, merch, equipment, and more! https://watercolorsaquariumgallery.com/ Looking for more content? Become a YouTube member for exclusive access to behind the scenes livestreams! https://www.youtube.com/@watercolorsaquariumgallery Species mentioned in this episode: palythoa grandis zoanthidae sarcophyton cladiella rhodactis ricordea discosoma sinularia brassica sclerophytum anthelia grogonians plexaura homomalla briareum asbestinum antillogorgia bipinnata pinnigorgia flava briareum violaceum unomia stolonifera sympodium conglomeratusclera coerulea References used in this episode: https://www.marinespecies.org/ https://www.coralsoftheworld.org/page/home/

A team of scientists tracked more than 400 corals that experienced intense ocean heat last year. More than half the corals died. Learn more at https://www.yaleclimateconnections.org/ 

Join Claire Concannon aboard the DOC research vessel Southern Winds.   Claire is with a team from Victoria University of Wellington, led by Professor James Bell, studying Fiordland's underwater life.   By diving to take photographs and samples, and using remotely operated vehicles to video deeper depths, the researchers are building up a picture of what lives where, and how these animals are doing.   One of the critters they are particularly interested in is Fiordland's iconic, and protected, black coral. But as PhD candidate Amber Kirk explains, the name is a bit misleading…

Authored by Bobby Bascomb.

This episode, we're hearing from Dr. Erin Spencer about her amazing world of marine science and communication. She talks about her hammerhead shark research, working with NatGeo, and writing children's books about topics like coral reefs and octopuses.@erintspencerErin's Website@shellphonepodcastBreach's Website@coastalcreative.tvNote: Lionfish spines are sheathed, not serrated.Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/shellphone/donations

In this fascinating episode of The Weekly Transit, Scott Tejerian speaks with Krista Shoe, a passionate coral conservationist whose journey took her from a corporate telecom career to rebuilding coral reefs in Panama. Currently based in Bocas del Toro, a stunning archipelago off Panama's coast, Krista shares her profound connection to the ocean that began when she first saw it at age nine.Krista details her work creating coral nurseries and building artificial reef structures to combat the devastating effects of climate change on marine ecosystems. Through her program "Mother of Corals," she teaches visitors to participate in reef restoration, explaining how they first learn about coral species in a classroom setting before diving to place pH-neutral concrete structures that become new homes for transplanted coral fragments.With diving experience spanning over 20 countries, Krista provides unique insights into the diverse underwater landscapes around the world, from the cold waters of Iceland to the vibrant reefs of Indonesia. She explains why coral reefs are crucial as "speed bumps in the ocean," protecting coastlines from storms and serving as nurseries for marine life. The discussion highlights how oceans produce over half of the world's oxygen, making their health vital for all life on Earth.Scott explores how Krista's astrological makeup—Aries Sun and Rising with Scorpio Moon, plus Mercury and Venus in Pisces—perfectly aligns with her ocean conservation work and bold decision to relocate to a tiny island where it takes just 15 minutes to cross from shore to shore.The conversation offers practical ways everyone can contribute to ocean health through mindful consumption and waste reduction, inspiring listeners to consider how their daily choices impact our planet's most vital ecosystems.(2:32) Meeting Krista Shoe and her astrological makeup(3:48) How Krista found herself in Panama's Bocas del Toro(6:10) Leaving corporate telecom for island life(13:52) First ocean experiences and discovering scuba diving(17:50) Learning underwater sign language for diving communication(20:20) Educational background and career path(25:00) Diving adventures across 20+ countries(27:42) Favorite diving destinations and underwater diversity(35:35) Why coral reefs matter for ocean ecosystems(37:56) Human impacts damaging coral reefs worldwide(42:57) Understanding coral bleaching and ocean acidification(44:51) Krista's coral restoration techniques explained(48:30) Building artificial reef structures with specialized cement(52:17) The volunteer program teaching others to restore reefs(59:18) How healthy reefs protect coastlines from hurricanes(1:03:06) How to participate in "Mother of Corals" programs(1:04:19) Personal sustainability practices to protect oceans(1:07:46) Life on a small island and environmental awareness(1:10:20) The expat and local community in Bocas del Toro(1:13:25) Final thoughts and contact informationKrista Shoe: motherofcorals.orgInstagram: @mother.of.coralshttps://www.theweeklytransit.com/

Buy 3D printed aquarium accessories from my Etsy store: https://reefdork.etsy.com/The best algae scraper in the world - https://amzn.to/3lRCOVbThe best RO/DI filter for most people - https://amzn.to/46RXGRqBest test kits for every parameter:Salinity - https://amzn.to/3tkVovyAlkalinity - https://amzn.to/3Xk7LmZCalcium - https://amzn.to/48ubKlLMagnesium - https://amzn.to/3rnLYPDPhosphate - https://amzn.to/3PQ2OxNNitrate - https://amzn.to/3wWfL1MSome of these links have an affiliate code - so if you make a purchase, I get a small commission at no extra cost to you. Thank you! For any commercial enquiries, please send me a PM, contact me via Instagram or leave a comment below.

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Krista Shoe is founder of Mother of Corals, an organization based in Panama involved in coral restoration and education organization. Mother of Corals others to learn and participate in coral restoration and conducts its own coral restoration to combat rising ocean temperatures.

Buy 3D printed aquarium accessories from my Etsy store: https://reefdork.etsy.com/The best algae scraper in the world - https://amzn.to/3lRCOVbThe best RO/DI filter for most people - https://amzn.to/46RXGRqBest test kits for every parameter:Salinity - https://amzn.to/3tkVovyAlkalinity - https://amzn.to/3Xk7LmZCalcium - https://amzn.to/48ubKlLMagnesium - https://amzn.to/3rnLYPDPhosphate - https://amzn.to/3PQ2OxNNitrate - https://amzn.to/3wWfL1MSome of these links have an affiliate code - so if you make a purchase, I get a small commission at no extra cost to you. Thank you! For any commercial enquiries, please send me a PM, contact me via Instagram or leave a comment below.

When a sea turtle hatches, it heads toward the light. Under natural conditions, that means the ocean. But if the beach is near a bright city, it might head inland, where it can be nabbed by a predator, hit by a car, or die of exhaustion. Baby turtles aren’t the only sea creatures affected by artificial light. Among its many impacts, the light can throw off the reproductive cycles of corals and others, make it harder for fish to hide from predators, and endanger beds of kelp by providing extra light for the urchins that feed on them. Much of the life in the oceans depends on the light of the Moon and stars – even at depths of hundreds of feet. But the glow of coastal cities, oil rigs, and passing ships can throw things out of whack. Corals, for example, time their spawning by the phases of the Moon. But artificial lights disrupt the timing, endangering coral reefs. Microscopic organisms move up and down in the water as the light changes to find food or avoid predators. But that cycle is disrupted by artificial lights as well. Depending on how clear the water is, the light can penetrate anywhere from a few feet to more than a hundred feet. And bluer light, which is produced by modern LEDs, goes deeper than redder light. Some coastal cities limit outdoor lightning, or build barricades to shield the beaches and the water close to shore – making life a little safer for baby sea turtles and other marine creatures. Script by Damond Benningfield

Nefarious Weeny Corals - Episode 132 - Reef Beef Podcast. In this episode we talk about the Bolus method, Ben getting screwed, wrasses, and BEEFS. Thank you to our sponsors: Saltwater Aquarium: https://tinyurl.com/RBSaltwaterAquarium  Saltwater Aquarium Wholesale: https://tinyurl.com/SWAWholesale  PolypLab: https://www.polyplab.com/  Champion Lighting: https://www.championlighting.com/  Champion Lighting Wholesale: https://www.championlightingdealer.com/  Links: Merch is now available! https://reefbeefpodcast.com/merch/  Join our Discord: https://discord.gg/reefbeef  Get notified of new episodes by receiving an email from Reef Beef! https://reefbeefpodcast.com/notify/  Get our help / advice: https://reefbeefpodcast.com/consult/  Buy Reef Beef a Beer! https://reefbeefpodcast.com  Become a Member: https://reefbeefpodcast.com/membership Follow Us:  Youtube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/@ReefBeefPodcast  Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/0KA5CRWWe8dDmitJGOAG1J  Apple Podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/reef-beef/id1552005275  Amazon: https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/db09c6a8-5f0e-46c2-ac2d-25ed555a549f/reef-beef  Player.fm: https://player.fm/series/reef-beef  Overcast: https://overcast.fm/itunes1552005275  Audible: https://audible.com/pd/B08JJNKYLG  

Scientists are testing Fiordland's Black Corals against heatwaves in the lab, to see if they can survive the effects of climate change. Victoria University Marine Biologist Professor James Bell spoke to Alexa Cook.

Graduate student Meg Van Horn, joins TDF this week for an episode full of spawning and baby corals! Along with telling us about her research at UNC Wilmington, Meg provides great insights on navigating the coral world specifically when facing financial barriers and a global pandemic. You won't want to miss her inspiring journey of perseverance and passion for marine conservation. From innovative land-based nurseries to scaling up restoration efforts, Meg shares how her work aims to safeguard the future of coral reefs. Tune in for an episode packed with science, resilience, and hope for our oceans! This episode is sponsored by Waterlust! To win a $50 Waterlust gift card, comment the answer to the trivia question found in this episode. You can also comment on our Instagram, Facebook, or email us! If you want to hear more from our interview, become a ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Patreon subscriber⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ to get access to full length episodes! For more content related to this week's episode, head over to Instagram and Facebook and follow us at @todiveforpodcast for updates on episodes and more! Find merch on our website at ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.etsy.com/shop/SLBArtCo. Don't forget to send us Fish Tales via email at ⁠todiveforpodcast@gmail.com⁠ or on our ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Google form here⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠. Intro music by Haley Davis Editing and Cover art by Sydney Bell

The term “SPS” Corals, or small polyp stony corals, is a hobbyist distinction used to help differentiate care requirements of coral species in the reef keeping hobby. It’s a completely arbitrary label that has no scientific basis, but is very useful when discussing how to care for similar coral species. In this episode, Ben and Calder discuss many varieties of SPS corals, including species overviews, care requirements, and even a little myth-busting. Everyone can grow SPS corals with a little research and preparation, even YOU! Join the discussion on the Water Colors Aquarium Gallery Podcast Listeners Facebook group! https://www.facebook.com/groups/788428861825086/ Enjoying the show? Support the gallery by shopping aquarium plants, merch, equipment, and more! https://watercolorsaquariumgallery.com/ Looking for more content? Become a YouTube member for exclusive access to behind the scenes livestreams! https://www.youtube.com/@watercolorsaquariumgallery

Meaghan loses her mind about how gross rugose corals are. Try evolving something that doesn’t involve genetically manipulating your babies, you lonely jellyfish-emulating losers. CW: cursing. Gagging noises.

Climate change is a major threat to coral reefs around the world.  Ocean warming triggers coral bleaching – a stress response where corals expel the symbiotic algae essential for their survival.  If coral bleaching is severe, it can lead to coral death. A new study led by scientists from Newcastle University in England suggests that […]

Our short and to the point PRESSURISED version of episode 53. If you don't have time for the full episode and want to get right to the science without any of our waffle, this is the place to be! Read the show notes and find the full episode here: https://www.armatusoceanic.com/podcast/053-corals   With Dr Thom and The Professor busy prepping for their upcoming expeditions offshore, we had time to squeeze out one more episode before they set sail. We caught up with the legendary Di Tracey from NIWA to talk all things deep-water corals. How they live, what makes them different from their shallow water relatives, and how they are adapted to life in the deep dark ocean. Di's long career in deep-sea ecology is also intertwined with her extensive work in making the marine sciences a better place for women to work. She talks us through what it was like to begin her career offshore, often being the only woman on board, and how she helped change the industry for the better.    We're really trying to make this project self-sustaining so we have started looking for ways to support the podcast. Here's a link to our page on how to support us, from the free options to becoming a patron of the show. We want to say a huge thank you to those patrons who have already pledged to support us!   Thanks again for tuning in, we'll deep-see you next time!   Check out our podcast merch here! Which now includes Alan's beloved apron and a much anticipated new design...    Feel free to get in touch with us with questions or your own tales from the high seas on: podcast@armatusoceanic.com We'd love to actually play your voice so feel free to record a short audio note!   We are also on  Twitter: @DeepSeaPod, @ArmatusO Facebook: DeepSeaPodcast, ArmatusOceanic  Instagram: @deepsea_podcast, @armatusoceanic Bluesky: @@deepseapodcast.bsky.social   Keep up with the team on social media Twitter:  Alan - @Hadalbloke (https://twitter.com/Hadalbloke) Thom - @ThomLinley (https://twitter.com/ThomLinley)  Georgia - @geeinthesea (https://twitter.com/geeinthesea)    Instagram:  Georgia - @geeinthesea (https://www.instagram.com/geeinthesea/)  Thom - @thom.linley (https://www.instagram.com/thom.linley/)   Or Bluesky: Thom: https://bsky.app/profile/deepseapod.com   Read the show notes and find out more about us at: www.armatusoceanic.com --------------------------------------------------------- Credits Theme – Hadal Zone Express by Märvel Logo image - The Deep-Sea Podcast PRESSURISED logo Edited by - Georgia Wells Glossary Aotearoa - The Māori-language name for New Zealand Te reo Māori - The Polynesian language of the Māori. Oocyte - A developing egg. Spermatocyte - A developing sperm cell. Scleractinia - Or ‘Stony corals'. A type of corals with hard skeletons made of calcium carbonate. They are often reef-like. Bamboo corals - Corals that make their skeletons from a mixture of calcium carbonate and gorgonian. Black corals - Chitinous corals, can be faster growing than the other two groups.

With Dr Thom and The Professor busy prepping for their upcoming expeditions offshore, we had time to squeeze out one more episode before they set sail. We caught up with the legendary Di Tracey from NIWA to talk all things deep-water corals. How they live, what makes them different from their shallow water relatives, and how they are adapted to life in the deep dark ocean. Di's long career in deep-sea ecology is also intertwined with her extensive work in making the marine sciences a better place for women to work. She talks us through what it was like to begin her career offshore, often being the only woman on board, and how she helped change the industry for the better.  In the news this week we have a few exciting new updates. We can indeed confirm that as of our last episode where we spoke about the vulnerability of subsea cables, there were multiple apparent attacks and cables were cut. We can only assume that hostile nations do indeed listen to the deep-sea podcast (thanks for subscribing!). Andrew is back from his stint offshore and he is chock-full of stories for us. Brand new dragonfish species, near-misses with box jellyfish and also some cookie-cutter sharks. It's all happening!   We're really trying to make this project self-sustaining so we have started looking for ways to support the podcast. Here's a link to our page on how to support us, from the free options to becoming a patron of the show. We want to say a huge thank you to those patrons who have already pledged to support us: Christian Nilsson | Mol Mir Thanks again for tuning in, we'll deep-see you next time!   Check out our podcast merch here! Which now includes Alan's beloved apron and a much anticipated new design...    Feel free to get in touch with us with questions or your own tales from the high seas on: podcast@armatusoceanic.com We'd love to actually play your voice so feel free to record a short audio note!   We are also on  Twitter: @DeepSeaPod, @ArmatusO Facebook: DeepSeaPodcast, ArmatusOceanic  Instagram: @deepsea_podcast, @armatusoceanic Bluesky: @@deepseapodcast.bsky.social   Keep up with the team on social media Twitter:  Alan - @Hadalbloke (https://twitter.com/Hadalbloke) Thom - @ThomLinley (https://twitter.com/ThomLinley)  Georgia - @geeinthesea (https://twitter.com/geeinthesea)    Instagram:  Georgia - @geeinthesea (https://www.instagram.com/geeinthesea/)  Thom - @thom.linley (https://www.instagram.com/thom.linley/)   Or Bluesky: Thom: https://bsky.app/profile/deepseapod.com   Read the show notes and find out more about us at: www.armatusoceanic.com   Links Subsea cables: update - cables cut China's new cable laying technology New squid just dropped! Upside-down anglerfish footage Deep warm corals Mol mir's art Song of the month The Weakerthans - Sun in an Empty Room. Spotify Youtube --------------------------------------------------------- Credits Theme – Hadal Zone Express by Märvel Logo image - Ocean Exploration Trust Edited by - Georgia Wells Glossary Aotearoa - The Māori-language name for New Zealand Te reo Māori - The Polynesian language of the Māori. Treaty of Waitangi (or Te Tiriti o Waitangi in Māori) - A key founding document of New Zealand signed in 1840 by the British Crown and Māori chiefs, and established British sovereignty over New Zealand while granting Māori rights to their land and interests. Tangata whenua - A Māori phrase that means "people of the land". It refers to the indigenous Māori people of a specific area or the country as a whole. Tangata Tiriti - A Māori phrase that refers to non-Māori people who belong to Aotearoa by right of the Treaty of Waitangi. Oocyte - A developing egg. Spermatocyte - A developing sperm cell. Scleractinia - Or ‘Stony corals'. A type of corals with hard skeletons made of calcium carbonate. They are often reef-like. Bamboo corals - Corals that make their skeletons from a mixture of calcium carbonate and gorgonian. Black corals - Chitinous corals, can be faster growing than the other two groups.

In this episode of the "How to Protect the Ocean" podcast, host Andrew Luan discusses the fascinating connection between giant clams and the efficiency of solar panels. He highlights the vibrant colors of giant clams, which are not only visually stunning but also play a crucial role in coral reef ecosystems, particularly in the Southeast Pacific. The key focus is on the algae, specifically zooxanthellae, that live within the soft tissue of giant clams. These algae absorb sunlight and are essential for the clams' survival, as they facilitate photosynthesis and contribute to the clam's calcium shell formation. Remarkably, giant clams can absorb about 95% of the light that hits them, significantly outperforming current solar panel technology, which has an efficiency of around 67%. Luan emphasizes the potential for replicating the light-absorbing mechanisms of giant clams in solar panel design. By studying the arrangement of the algae within the clams, scientists could potentially enhance solar panel efficiency, making them more effective in harnessing solar energy. This innovation could be pivotal in addressing global energy needs and reducing reliance on fossil fuels. The episode underscores the importance of protecting biodiversity, as the loss of species like giant clams could mean missing out on valuable insights and advancements in renewable energy technology. Luan encourages listeners to appreciate the interconnectedness of marine life and its potential benefits for humanity, particularly in the context of sustainable energy solutions. Link to article: https://www.animalsaroundtheglobe.com/these-giant-sparkly-clams-hide-the-best-solar-panels-ever-found-2-240554/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Follow a career in conservation: https://www.conservation-careers.com/online-training/ Use the code SUFB to get 33% off courses and the careers program.   Do you want to join my Ocean Community? Sign Up for Updates on the process: www.speakupforblue.com/oceanapp   Sign up for our Newsletter: http://www.speakupforblue.com/newsletter   Facebook Group: https://bit.ly/3NmYvsI Connect with Speak Up For Blue: Website: https://bit.ly/3fOF3Wf Instagram: https://bit.ly/3rIaJSG TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@speakupforblue Twitter: https://bit.ly/3rHZxpc YouTube: www.speakupforblue.com/youtube  

by Christian Elliott • A unique fjord in Chilean Patagonia gives scientists a chance to unlock the reproductive secrets of cold-water corals that typically live thousands of meters below the ocean's surface. The original story can be found on hakaimagazine.com. Listeners, we have some important news. If you don't get our weekly newsletter, you may not have heard that Hakai Magazine will be shutting down at the end of December. In July we found out that our long time funder is refocusing their efforts and won't be funding us after 2024. So sad to say, this feed will be going blank at the end of this year. But we are happy to announce that our team has found a new home! In January, our senior staff will join bioGraphic, an award-winning magazine published by the California Academy of Sciences, a nonprofit research and education institution based in San Francisco. We're absolutely delighted about this merger. Hakai Magazine and bioGraphic have so much in common: both are independent, nonprofit publications committed to telling deeply reported and rigorously accurate stories that are also beautiful to read. We hope you will come join us there! Please sign up for our newsletter and get more information by going to biographic.com/hakai-magazine.

More at https://www.philosophytalk.org/shows/whats-so-special-about-humans. Human beings share the planet with many different organisms with vastly diverse ways of life. We like to think we're a higher form of intelligence. But are we really that unique? How different are we as a species when it comes to language, thought, and culture? Where does our specifically human form of consciousness come from? And if other animals are so similar to us, should we stop eating them? The Philosophers walk the Earth with Peter Godfrey-Smith from the University of Sydney, author of "Living on Earth Forests, Corals, Consciousness, and the Making of the World."

Efforts continute to eradicate an invasive coral species found growing at the mouth of Pearl Harbor; A kōnane master shares the deeper meaning behind the game of "Hawaiian checkers"

Buy 3D printed aquarium accessories from my Etsy store: https://reefdork.etsy.com/ The best algae scraper in the world - https://amzn.to/3lRCOVb The best RO/DI filter for most people - https://amzn.to/46RXGRq Best test kits for every parameter: Salinity - https://amzn.to/3tkVovy Alkalinity - https://amzn.to/3Xk7LmZ Calcium - https://amzn.to/48ubKlL Magnesium - https://amzn.to/3rnLYPD Phosphate - https://amzn.to/3PQ2OxN Nitrate - https://amzn.to/3wWfL1M Some of these links have an affiliate code - so if you make a purchase, I get a small commission at no extra cost to you. Thank you! For any commercial enquiries, please send me a PM, contact me via Instagram or leave a comment below. 0:00 Intro 56:44 10 Fastest Growing Corals 1:34:50 News

What IS a coral? Where do they grow and what do they eat and why are they so pretty? What kind of tools do coral scientists use? Why are they so many colors? And what is bleaching? Will changing your sunscreen save coral reefs? The wonderful and charming Cnidariologist Dr. Shayle Matsuda took time out of his busy schedule during a coral spawning event to chat about how magical and beautiful coral can be and why reef health is important.  Follow Dr. Shayle Matsuda on XDonations went to Paepae o He'eia and Point FoundationFull-length (*not* G-rated) Cnidariology episode + tons of science linksMore kid-friendly Smologies episodes!Become a patron of Ologies for as little as a buck a monthOlogiesMerch.com has hats, shirts, masks, totes!Follow @Ologies on X and InstagramFollow @AlieWard on X and InstagramSound editing by Mercedes Maitland of Maitland Audio Productions, Jarrett Sleeper of MindJam Media & Steven Ray MorrisMade possible by work from Noel Dilworth, Susan Hale, Jacob Chaffee, Kelly R. Dwyer, Emily White, & Erin TalbertSmologies theme song by Harold Malcolm

In the Season 2 kickoff of Robin's Nest, Dr. Debi Luke discusses her impactful work at the Florida Aquarium, focusing on marine conservation. She highlights efforts to protect manatees, an iconic species at risk, and her advocacy for their well-being. Dr. Luke also talks about Florida's climate challenges, especially with coral conservation, aiming to restore reefs critical to marine biodiversity. Additionally, she covers the aquarium's role in rescuing and rehabilitating sea turtles, emphasizing the urgency of protecting these vulnerable marine creatures. Hope you enjoy!

Adam speaks with Rudy Batara of Golden Basket Reef about his extensive experience in the coral and fish industry, including the processes of growing, importing, and exporting corals. They discuss the differences in wild collection versus mari-culture, regulations involved, including CITES requirements, various costs and some of the challenges of sourcing unique coral morphs and species.Golden Basket Links:https://goldenbasketreef.com/ (currently under construction)https://www.instagram.com/goldenbasketreefhttps://www.facebook.com/goldenbasketFrag Garage Links:https://www.patreon.com/BeyondTheReefPodcasthttps://fraggarage.ca/https://www.instagram.com/fraggarage/https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCLkiAJNqvoIRDRTFs34e6Twhttps://www.facebook.com/fraggarageBeyond the Reef Merch!https://fraggarage.ca/product-category/swag/ Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Adam meets with Elliot Azhdam from Golden State Corals to dive into his methods and technics, culturing an amazingly array of colorful and unique corals. They discuss the store's display tank, his use of high par LED lighting, some tricks for the photoperiod, along with his implementation of kalkwasser and calcium reactors. Check out Golden State Coral's website at the link below and don't miss out on the current 50% off WYSIWYG sale!Golden State Corals Links:https://goldenstatecorals.com/https://facebook.com/goldenstatecorals/https://instagram.com/goldenstatecorals/https://www.reef2reef.com/forums/golden-state-corals-gsc.1096/Frag Garage Links:https://www.patreon.com/BeyondTheReefPodcasthttps://fraggarage.ca/https://www.instagram.com/fraggarage/https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCLkiAJNqvoIRDRTFs34e6Twhttps://www.facebook.com/fraggarageBeyond the Reef Merch!https://fraggarage.ca/product-category/swag/ Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Corals on Corals on Corals - Episode 124 - Reef Beef Podcast. In this episode we talk about chasing down epidemics in your tank, dying fish, and major house renovations! Thank you to our sponsors: Saltwater Aquarium: https://tinyurl.com/RBSaltwaterAquarium  Saltwater Aquarium Wholesale: https://tinyurl.com/SWAWholesale  PolypLab: https://www.polyplab.com/  Champion Lighting: https://www.championlighting.com/  Champion Lighting Wholesale: https://www.championlightingdealer.com/  Links: Merch is now available! https://reefbeefpodcast.com/merch/  Join our Discord: https://discord.gg/reefbeef  Get notified of new episodes by receiving an email from Reef Beef! https://reefbeefpodcast.com/notify/  Get our help / advice: https://reefbeefpodcast.com/consult/  Buy Reef Beef a Beer! https://reefbeefpodcast.com  Become a Member: https://reefbeefpodcast.com/membership  Follow Us: Youtube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/@ReefBeefPodcast  Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/0KA5CRWWe8dDmitJGOAG1J  Apple Podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/reef-beef/id1552005275  Amazon: https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/db09c6a8-5f0e-46c2-ac2d-25ed555a549f/reef-beef  Player.fm: https://player.fm/series/reef-beef  Overcast: https://overcast.fm/itunes1552005275  Audible: https://audible.com/pd/B08JJNKYLG  

Rappin' With ReefBum is a LIVE talk show with host Keith Berkelhamer and guests from the reef keeping community. In this episode I chat with Joe Muscat from Tusi Corals. Joe's incredible tank has been a Reef2Reef tank of the month a couple of times. The tank was also featured on the World Wide Corals YouTube channel as well as on Mok-Yi's Innapropriate Reefer's channel. The tank was also featured in the September/October 2023 edition of CORAL Magazine.

"In the human case, it would be mistaken to give a kind of hour-by-hour accounting. You know, 'I had +4 level of experience for this hour, then I had -2 for the next hour, and then I had -1' — and you sort of sum to try to work out the total… And I came to think that something like that will be applicable in some of the animal cases as well… There are achievements, there are experiences, there are things that can be done in the face of difficulty that might be seen as having the same kind of redemptive role, as casting into a different light the difficult events that led up to it."The example I use is watching some birds successfully raising some young, fighting off a couple of rather aggressive parrots of another species that wanted to fight them, prevailing against difficult odds — and doing so in a way that was so wholly successful. It seemed to me that if you wanted to do an accounting of how things had gone for those birds, you would not want to do the naive thing of just counting up difficult and less-difficult hours. There's something special about what's achieved at the end of that process." —Peter Godfrey-SmithIn today's episode, host Luisa Rodriguez speaks to Peter Godfrey-Smith — bestselling author and science philosopher — about his new book, Living on Earth: Forests, Corals, Consciousness, and the Making of the World.Links to learn more, highlights, and full transcript.They cover:Why octopuses and dolphins haven't developed complex civilisation despite their intelligence.How the role of culture has been crucial in enabling human technological progress.Why Peter thinks the evolutionary transition from sea to land was key to enabling human-like intelligence — and why we should expect to see that in extraterrestrial life too.Whether Peter thinks wild animals' lives are, on balance, good or bad, and when, if ever, we should intervene in their lives.Whether we can and should avoid death by uploading human minds.And plenty more.Chapters:Cold open (00:00:00)Luisa's intro (00:00:57)The interview begins (00:02:12)Wild animal suffering and rewilding (00:04:09)Thinking about death (00:32:50)Uploads of ourselves (00:38:04)Culture and how minds make things happen (00:54:05)Challenges for water-based animals (01:01:37)The importance of sea-to-land transitions in animal life (01:10:09)Luisa's outro (01:23:43)Producer: Keiran HarrisAudio engineering: Ben Cordell, Milo McGuire, Simon Monsour, and Dominic ArmstrongContent editing: Luisa Rodriguez, Katy Moore, and Keiran HarrisTranscriptions: Katy Moore

Rappin' With ReefBum is a LIVE talk show with host Keith Berkelhamer and guests from the reef keeping community. In this episode I chat with Rey Riveron from Pirates Reef Corals.

University of Sydney professor Peter Godfrey-Smith, author of the bestselling Other Minds: The Octopus, the Sea, and the Deep Origins of Consciousness, discusses how life on Earth has changed our planet, whether there might be life on other planets, and what the future of humanity could look like. Professor Godfrey-Smith's new book is Living on Earth: Forests, Corals, Consciousness, and the Making of the World.

Dive into the waters of New Zealand as we uncover the mysteries of black corals! Miriam, a Ph.D. student at the Victoria University of Wellington, studies the ecology, resilience, and spatial distribution of the black coral Antipathella fiordensis in the Fiordland Marine Area, New Zealand. We'll learn all about what black corals are, how these corals survive in New Zealand's unique environment, and how Miriam dives to collect her data! If you want to hear more, become a ⁠⁠Patreon subscriber⁠⁠ to get access to full length episodes! For more content related to this week's episode, head over to Instagram and Facebook and follow us sat @todiveforpodcast for updates on episodes and more! Find merch on our website at ⁠⁠https://slbartco.com/pages/to-dive-for-podcast⁠⁠ Don't forget to send us Fish Tales via email at todiveforpodcast@gmail.com or on our ⁠⁠Google form here⁠⁠. Intro music by Haley Davis Editing and cover art by Sydney Bell of SLB Art Co

We talk with Peter Godfrey Smith about Living On Earth, Forests, Corals, Consciousness, And The Making Of The World. It combines natural history, ethics and philosophy to consider a new approach to our responsibility to life on this planet.

Adam is joined by Daniel and Juno from Monsoon Aquatics, one of the largest exporters of Australian corals and fish. They discuss their sustainable methods for collecting and farming stunning corals from various regions of northern Australia and the Great Barrier Reef. Their conversation covers coral spawning research, advancements in optimizing flow and stability, fragging non-colonial corals, and their work in education, restoration efforts, and raising awareness. If you are a coral importer, you can set up an account by reaching out at: hello@monsoonaquatics.com.ca . Be sure to watch this episode on YouTube, as it is loaded with photo and video content!Monsoon Links:https://monsoonaquatics.com.au/https://www.facebook.com/monsoonwysiwyghttps://www.instagram.com/monsoon_aquatics/https://www.instagram.com/monsoon_coral_farm/https://www.instagram.com/bundabergatmonsoonaquatics/Frag Garage Links:https://www.patreon.com/BeyondTheReefPodcasthttps://fraggarage.ca/https://www.instagram.com/fraggarage/https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCLkiAJNqvoIRDRTFs34e6Twhttps://www.facebook.com/fraggarageBeyond the Reef Merch!https://fraggarage.ca/product-category/swag/ Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

How scientists are training corals to be ready for a warmer future. Biscayne National Park is unlike any other national park…it's 95% underwater. It's home to part of the third largest coral reef in the world and the only living coral barrier reef in the continental United States.  But this past summer, the corals in and around this park on Florida's coral reef experienced the worst coral bleaching event ever recorded. Water temperatures broke records, rising to over 100 degrees for two days in a row. Hot tub water. So what can be done? In this episode, Chris takes a boat out to Biscayne National Park to find out. Here, just a few miles offshore from the metropolis of Miami, researchers are on a mission to save these corals for a warmer future - by growing the hardiest of them in captivity, and planting them back in the sea.   This show would not be possible without listener support. You can help us continue to create this special immersive storytelling by donating at kuow.org/donate/thewild. Thank you. For some great photographs and clips from our journey through the national parks, check out our Instagram @thewildpod and @chrismorganwildlife. THE WILD is a production of KUOW, Chris Morgan Wildlife, and the NPR Network. This episode was produced by Lucy Soucek and edited by Jim Gates. THE WILD  is hosted, produced and written by Chris Morgan. Fact checking by Apryle Craig. Our theme music is by Michael Parker.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In this session we talk with Don Gilson and Lu Shao from Inter-Fish PTY in Australia. They've been spawning corals in captivity and growing some amazing new chimera's! ICP-Analysis - http://icp-analysis.com Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Adam sits down for an in-depth discussion with the coral-obsessed, Corey Treadwell, AKA Coralhead. Corey is the livestock manager at the reputable coral farm, White Corals, based in Germany. Among the many hats he wears, he is also working on new products for NYOS, developing a promising and gentle dip, which even shows promise as an in-tank treatment for AEFW's and most other pests.Corey's Links:https://www.instagram.com/coralhead_/https://www.whitecorals.com/https://www.instagram.com/whitecorals.de/https://www.nyos.info/en/https://www.instagram.com/nyos.aquaticsFrag Garage Links:https://www.patreon.com/BeyondTheReefPodcasthttps://fraggarage.ca/https://www.instagram.com/fraggarage/https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCLkiAJNqvoIRDRTFs34e6Twhttps://www.facebook.com/fraggarageBeyond the Reef Merch!https://fraggarage.ca/product-category/swag/ Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This episode dives into the beauty and importance of coral reefs, highlighting their significance for marine ecosystems, tourism, fisheries, and coastal security. However, it also addresses the alarming destruction of coral reefs due to climate change. The episode discusses efforts to save coral reefs, focusing on how zoos are playing a vital role by propagating corals in aquariums. Tune in to learn more about these crucial conservation initiatives. Link to article: https://apnews.com/article/saving-corals-netherlands-lab-climate-ebe8ee0089c4df5070c13e6309b49171 Follow a career in conservation: https://www.conservation-careers.com/online-training/ Use the code SUFB to get 33% off courses and the careers program.   Sign up for our Newsletter: http://www.speakupforblue.com/newsletter   Facebook Group: https://bit.ly/3NmYvsI Connect with Speak Up For Blue: Website: https://bit.ly/3fOF3Wf Instagram: https://bit.ly/3rIaJSG TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@speakupforblue Twitter: https://bit.ly/3rHZxpc YouTube: www.speakupforblue.com/youtube   Coral Reefs Facing Threats from Climate Change Coral reefs are crucial ecosystems that support a diverse range of marine life and provide numerous benefits to humans, such as tourism and fisheries. However, these ecosystems are currently under significant threat from climate change, as discussed in the podcast episode. 1. Mass Bleaching Events: One major consequence of climate change on coral reefs is the occurrence of mass bleaching events. Rising sea surface temperatures, a result of climate change, have led to increased instances of coral bleaching. The transcript mentions a recent fourth mass bleaching event, which is a cause for concern among scientists and conservationists. 2. Destruction of Coral Reefs: Climate change is also contributing to the destruction of coral reefs. Factors such as ocean acidification, changes in ocean chemistry, and sea level rise are altering the dynamics and health of coral reef ecosystems worldwide. These changes are threatening the survival of coral species and the overall integrity of coral reef habitats. 3. Importance of Conservation Efforts: In response to the threats posed by climate change, conservation efforts are crucial to protect and restore coral reefs. Initiatives such as coral propagation in aquariums and zoos, as mentioned in the episode, play a significant role in preserving coral species and enhancing their resilience to environmental stressors. 4. Need for Urgent Action: The podcast emphasizes the urgency of addressing climate change to safeguard coral reefs. While restoration programs and conservation projects offer temporary solutions, the ultimate goal should be to mitigate the root causes of climate change. This includes reducing greenhouse gas emissions, transitioning to sustainable practices, and advocating for policy changes to protect marine ecosystems. In conclusion, coral reefs are facing unprecedented challenges due to climate change, and concerted efforts are required to ensure their long-term survival. By raising awareness, supporting conservation initiatives, and advocating for climate action, individuals can contribute to the protection of these invaluable marine ecosystems. Zoos and Aquariums: Crucial Players in Coral Reef Conservation The episode highlights the significant role that zoos and aquariums are playing in coral reef conservation by propagating corals for eventual reintroduction into the wild. These institutions are actively involved in breeding and propagating corals from different parts of the world in controlled environments such as aquariums. By doing so, they are creating a gene bank of corals that can be used for restoration efforts when needed. One specific example mentioned in the episode is the Berger Zoo in the Netherlands, which is working on propagating corals from Europe's largest coral reef. Additionally, other zoos and aquariums across Europe are also contributing to coral propagation efforts. These institutions are not only propagating corals but also ensuring genetic diversity within coral populations, which is crucial for the long-term survival of coral reefs. The episode emphasizes that while these propagation programs are essential, they are essentially a band-aid solution to the larger issue of climate change and its impact on coral reefs. Climate change, including rising sea temperatures, ocean acidification, and sea level rise, poses a significant threat to coral reefs worldwide. Scientists and experts stress the urgent need for bold and rapid action to address climate change to protect coral reef ecosystems in the long term. Despite the challenges, the work being done by zoos and aquariums in coral propagation is seen as a vital backup plan to help preserve coral reef biodiversity. These institutions are not only breeding corals but also conducting research to understand coral reproduction better. By maintaining genetic diversity and propagating corals, zoos and aquariums are contributing to the resilience of coral populations in the face of environmental stressors. In conclusion, zoos and aquariums are playing a crucial role in coral reef conservation by actively participating in coral propagation programs. While these efforts are essential for preserving coral reef biodiversity, addressing the root causes of coral reef degradation, such as climate change, remains paramount for the long-term survival of these vital marine ecosystems. Genetic diversity plays a crucial role in the survival of coral populations and other species, especially in the face of environmental changes such as climate change. In the podcast episode, it was highlighted how genetic diversity within a population ensures that there is a range of genetic variations that can help species adapt to changing environmental conditions. The importance of genetic diversity was emphasized by discussing the concept of natural selection and the survival of the fittest. Having a diverse set of genes within a population allows for some individuals to possess traits that make them better suited to survive in changing conditions. For example, if a coral population is faced with rising sea surface temperatures due to climate change, those corals with genetic variations that make them more resilient to higher temperatures have a better chance of surviving and reproducing. The episode also touched upon the role of zoos and aquariums in preserving genetic diversity through breeding programs. These facilities work to maintain a diverse set of genes within captive populations, ensuring that if needed, individuals with specific genetic traits can be reintroduced into the wild to bolster wild populations. Overall, the discussion in the podcast episode underscores the critical importance of genetic diversity in ensuring the long-term survival of coral populations and other species in the face of environmental challenges. By maintaining genetic diversity, populations have a better chance of adapting and thriving in changing environments, ultimately contributing to the overall health and resilience of ecosystems.

In this episode of Saltwater Aquarium Radio we talk about low light corals for your reef tank. Also I answer a question on handling spaghetti worms in a reef aquarium. Be sure to check out [...] The post Saltwater Aquarium Radio Podcast 276: Top 10 Corals for those Hard to Light Areas appeared first on Saltwater Aquarium Radio.

In this episode of Saltwater Aquarium Radio we talk about top 10 saltwater fish for a 20 gallon nano reef tank . Also I answer a question on traveling with corals and other livestock. Be [...] The post Saltwater Aquarium Radio Podcast 274: Nano Saltwater Fish and Traveling with Corals appeared first on Saltwater Aquarium Radio.

People around the globe have protected their skin using a variety of substances throughout history. In the 19th and 20th centuries, deeper understanding of sunlight and the way it affects skin led to more protective sunscreen formulations.  Research: Aldahan AS, Shah VV, Mlacker S, Nouri K. “The History of Sunscreen.” JAMA Dermatol. 2015;151(12):1316. doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2015.3011 Belmont, Trixie. “Suntans With Pay Off.” The Baltimore Sun. June 13, 1967. https://www.newspapers.com/image/377122417/?terms=%22franz%20greiter%22%20&match=1 Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Johann Wilhelm Ritter". Encyclopedia Britannica, 19 Jan. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johann-Wilhelm-Ritter Diffey, B. “Has the sun protection factor had its day?.” BMJ (Clinical research ed.) 320,7228 (2000): 176-7. doi:10.1136/bmj.320.7228.176 Greiter, F. and Gschnait, F. “EFFECT OF UV LIGHT ON HUMANS.” Photochemistry and Photobiology. 1984. 39: 869-873. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.1984.tb08873.x Hodgskiss, Tammy. “What the use of ochre tells us about the capabilities of our African ancestry.” The Conversation. Sept. 7, 2015. https://theconversation.com/what-the-use-of-ochre-tells-us-about-the-capabilities-of-our-african-ancestry-47081 “History of Hamilton.” https://www.hamiltonsunandskin.com.au/history-of-hamilton Leach, Doreen, and Julie Beckwith. “The founders of dermatology: Robert WilIan and Thomas Bateman.” Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London. Vol. 33, No. 6. November/December 1999. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9665792/pdf/jrcollphyslond146949-0084.pdf MacEACHERN W.N. and O.F. JILLSON. “A Practical Sunscreen— ‘Red Vet Pet.'” Arch Dermatol. 1964;89(1):147–150. doi:10.1001/archderm.1964.01590250153027 Rathish, Shruthi, and Sebastian Criton. “Robert Willan – A True Pioneer.”  Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Amala Institute of Medical Sciences, Thrissur, Kerala,  April 22, 2019. https://jsstd.org/robert-willan-a-true-pioneer/ Rubin, Penny. “Only on Sun Days.” The Province. January 4, 1975. https://www.newspapers.com/image/501299818/?terms=%22franz%20greiter%22&match=1 “The science of sunscreen.” Harvard Health Publishing.  Feb 15, 2021. https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/the-science-of-sunscreen Skin Cancer Foundation. “Ask the Expert: Does a High SPF Protect My Skin Better?”May 1. 2023. https://www.skincancer.org/blog/ask-the-expert-does-a-high-spf-protect-my-skin-better/ “Sunscreen: How to Help Protect Your Skin from the Sun.” FDA. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/understanding-over-counter-medicines/sunscreen-how-help-protect-your-skin-sun#spf “SUNSCREEN IN THE ENVIRONMENT:The History of Sunscreen's Effect on Corals.” Smithsonian Institute Oceans. https://ocean.si.edu/ecosystems/coral-reefs/sunscreen-environment “Sun Tan Free, by the Inch.” The San Francisco Examiner. June 18, 1967. https://www.newspapers.com/image/458648765/?terms=%22franz%20greiter%22&match=1 Svarc, Federico. "A brief illustrated history on sunscreens and sun protection" Pure and Applied Chemistry, vol. 87, no. 9-10, 2015, pp. 929-936. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2015-0303 Urbach, Frederick. “The historical aspects of sunscreens.” Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology. Volume 64, Issues 2–3. 2001.Pages 99-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1011-1344(01)00202-0. Urbach, F. “Franz Greiter – The Man and His Work.” Photobiology. 1991. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3732-8_82 See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.