Podcasts about UNESCO

México llevará agenda de cooperación a China¡Alerta! Ciclón Marie provocará lluvias y fuertes vientosUNESCO realizará Semana del Aprendizaje Digital 2026 Más información en nuestro Podcast#grc

Romanticism made Scotland famous. It critically shaped the course of Scottish culture, while impacting on cultures elsewhere and inaugurating the country's still-flourishing and lucrative tourist industry. This book is about Edinburgh's most emblematic architecture over the long 19th century: the castellated and stone built cityscape of national revivalist architecture. It reveals why Scotland had by the 1820s become one of Europe's great centres of Romanticism, due both to the majestic Highlands, and to Edinburgh itself as city of Romanticism. Additionally, Edinburgh developed as the main centre and hub for travellers drawn to Romantic Scotland through the work of James ‘Ossian' Macpherson and Sir Walter Scott: visitors including Schinkel, Mozart, Verne, Turner, Haydn, amongst innumerable others. Edinburgh: City of Romanticism (Lund Humphries, 2026) by Dr. Aonghus MacKechnie also provides a long-overdue counterbalance to the contrastingly much-examined and much-published topic of Enlightenment Edinburgh, showing how this and Romantic Edinburgh have comfortably co-existed. It examines how Edinburgh's Romanticism was similarly driven by intellectuals, amongst whom were Enlightenment figures and artistically talented individuals, and it discusses the legacy of those who contributed to the Romantic cityscape of today; an architecture that provides much of the character of the UNESCO-designated World Heritage Site and of the city that countless tourists come daily to see. This interview was conducted by Dr. Miranda Melcher whose book focuses on post-conflict military integration, understanding treaty negotiation and implementation in civil war contexts, with qualitative analysis of the Angolan and Mozambican civil wars. You can find Miranda's interviews on New Books with Miranda Melcher, wherever you get your podcasts.  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network

Romanticism made Scotland famous. It critically shaped the course of Scottish culture, while impacting on cultures elsewhere and inaugurating the country's still-flourishing and lucrative tourist industry. This book is about Edinburgh's most emblematic architecture over the long 19th century: the castellated and stone built cityscape of national revivalist architecture. It reveals why Scotland had by the 1820s become one of Europe's great centres of Romanticism, due both to the majestic Highlands, and to Edinburgh itself as city of Romanticism. Additionally, Edinburgh developed as the main centre and hub for travellers drawn to Romantic Scotland through the work of James ‘Ossian' Macpherson and Sir Walter Scott: visitors including Schinkel, Mozart, Verne, Turner, Haydn, amongst innumerable others. Edinburgh: City of Romanticism (Lund Humphries, 2026) by Dr. Aonghus MacKechnie also provides a long-overdue counterbalance to the contrastingly much-examined and much-published topic of Enlightenment Edinburgh, showing how this and Romantic Edinburgh have comfortably co-existed. It examines how Edinburgh's Romanticism was similarly driven by intellectuals, amongst whom were Enlightenment figures and artistically talented individuals, and it discusses the legacy of those who contributed to the Romantic cityscape of today; an architecture that provides much of the character of the UNESCO-designated World Heritage Site and of the city that countless tourists come daily to see. This interview was conducted by Dr. Miranda Melcher whose book focuses on post-conflict military integration, understanding treaty negotiation and implementation in civil war contexts, with qualitative analysis of the Angolan and Mozambican civil wars. You can find Miranda's interviews on New Books with Miranda Melcher, wherever you get your podcasts.  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/literary-studies

Romanticism made Scotland famous. It critically shaped the course of Scottish culture, while impacting on cultures elsewhere and inaugurating the country's still-flourishing and lucrative tourist industry. This book is about Edinburgh's most emblematic architecture over the long 19th century: the castellated and stone built cityscape of national revivalist architecture. It reveals why Scotland had by the 1820s become one of Europe's great centres of Romanticism, due both to the majestic Highlands, and to Edinburgh itself as city of Romanticism. Additionally, Edinburgh developed as the main centre and hub for travellers drawn to Romantic Scotland through the work of James ‘Ossian' Macpherson and Sir Walter Scott: visitors including Schinkel, Mozart, Verne, Turner, Haydn, amongst innumerable others. Edinburgh: City of Romanticism (Lund Humphries, 2026) by Dr. Aonghus MacKechnie also provides a long-overdue counterbalance to the contrastingly much-examined and much-published topic of Enlightenment Edinburgh, showing how this and Romantic Edinburgh have comfortably co-existed. It examines how Edinburgh's Romanticism was similarly driven by intellectuals, amongst whom were Enlightenment figures and artistically talented individuals, and it discusses the legacy of those who contributed to the Romantic cityscape of today; an architecture that provides much of the character of the UNESCO-designated World Heritage Site and of the city that countless tourists come daily to see. This interview was conducted by Dr. Miranda Melcher whose book focuses on post-conflict military integration, understanding treaty negotiation and implementation in civil war contexts, with qualitative analysis of the Angolan and Mozambican civil wars. You can find Miranda's interviews on New Books with Miranda Melcher, wherever you get your podcasts.  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/architecture

Romanticism made Scotland famous. It critically shaped the course of Scottish culture, while impacting on cultures elsewhere and inaugurating the country's still-flourishing and lucrative tourist industry. This book is about Edinburgh's most emblematic architecture over the long 19th century: the castellated and stone built cityscape of national revivalist architecture. It reveals why Scotland had by the 1820s become one of Europe's great centres of Romanticism, due both to the majestic Highlands, and to Edinburgh itself as city of Romanticism. Additionally, Edinburgh developed as the main centre and hub for travellers drawn to Romantic Scotland through the work of James ‘Ossian' Macpherson and Sir Walter Scott: visitors including Schinkel, Mozart, Verne, Turner, Haydn, amongst innumerable others. Edinburgh: City of Romanticism (Lund Humphries, 2026) by Dr. Aonghus MacKechnie also provides a long-overdue counterbalance to the contrastingly much-examined and much-published topic of Enlightenment Edinburgh, showing how this and Romantic Edinburgh have comfortably co-existed. It examines how Edinburgh's Romanticism was similarly driven by intellectuals, amongst whom were Enlightenment figures and artistically talented individuals, and it discusses the legacy of those who contributed to the Romantic cityscape of today; an architecture that provides much of the character of the UNESCO-designated World Heritage Site and of the city that countless tourists come daily to see. This interview was conducted by Dr. Miranda Melcher whose book focuses on post-conflict military integration, understanding treaty negotiation and implementation in civil war contexts, with qualitative analysis of the Angolan and Mozambican civil wars. You can find Miranda's interviews on New Books with Miranda Melcher, wherever you get your podcasts.  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Carissa Véliz is an Associate Professor in Philosophy at the Institute for Ethics in AI, and a Fellow at Hertford College at the University of Oxford. She is the recipient of the 2021 Herbert A. Simon Award for Outstanding Research in Computing and Philosophy.Our guest is the author of Prophecy, now longlisted for the Financial Times business book of the year (2026), as well as the editor of the Oxford Handbook of Digital Ethics. Her previous book, Privacy is Power, was chosen by The Economist as one of the best books of the year in 2020.Carissa advises companies and policymakers around the world on privacy and the ethics of AI, and is a member of UNESCO's Women 4 Ethical AI.References:* Breakfast Workshop - Santa Monica, CA - September 2, 2026 (free for MoP subscribers)* Prophecy: Prediction, Power, and the Fight for the Future, from Ancient Oracles to AI (Amazon)* Carissa Véliz on Substack (The Antidote)* Gary Marcus: Even more good news for the future of neurosymbolic AI (Substack, April 2026)* Refresher (January 28th special, Masters of Privacy): Data Protection vs. Privacy and Data Privacy (with Carissa Véliz, Gabriela Zanfir-Fortuna, Brendan Quinn, Tim Turner, and Markus Wünschelbaum)* Carissa Véliz: privacy is power (Masters of Privacy ES, Oct 2021 - Spanish)* Install the TODO.LAW suite on your own device (Dealroom, DPO Central, AI Sentinel).Send us your questions, feedback, or report requests (InScope, AuditScan) to: info[@]northend.law. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.mastersofprivacy.com/subscribe

Blending different cultures, whether artistically or internationally, comes into play in everyone's mokuhanga. Your work is infused with your life, your city, your family, and even cultures from abroad. I personally think it's inescapable, and that's what makes mokuhanga such a beautiful medium to explore. On this episode of The Unfinished Print: A Mokuhanga Podcast, I speak with Inga Eičaitė, a mokuhanga printmaker who splits her time between London, England, and Lithuania. Inga and I discuss her mokuhanga work and what inspires her to make it, her love of anime, mixing different printmaking mediums with her mokuhanga, comparing the use of Korean hanji paper and Japanese washi, and making emakimono. We also discuss how community has become an important part of Inga's practice through art fairs, and Inga speaks about her time in Lithuania and her desire to help grow mokuhanga there. Please follow The Unfinished Print and my own mokuhanga work on Instagram @andrezadoroznyprints or email me theunfinishedprint@gmail.com Notes: may contain a hyperlink. Simply click on the highlighted word or phrase. Artists works follow after the note if available. Pieces are mokuhanga unless otherwise noted. Dimensions are given if known. Print publishers are given if known. Inga Eičaitė - website, Instagram Angel_o18_For Shinji Ikari (2025) 36cm x 56.5cm Bauhaus (art/design) — A German art and design school founded in 1919 that combined art, craft, and architecture. It emphasized simplicity, functionality, geometric forms, and the idea that good design should be accessible and useful. Jainism — An ancient Indian religion centered on non-violence (ahimsa), compassion, self-discipline, and respect for all living beings. Jain philosophy places a strong emphasis on avoiding harm and living a spiritually disciplined life. Cowboy Bebop — A landmark Japanese anime series from 1998 that follows a group of bounty hunters travelling through a futuristic solar system. It blends science fiction, noir, Westerns, crime, and jazz, with a strong emphasis on character, atmosphere, and music. Evangelion — Neon Genesis Evangelion is a Japanese anime series from 1995 that combines mecha science fiction with psychological, philosophical, and religious themes. It follows teenagers piloting giant machines called Evangelions while confronting mysterious enemies and their own emotional struggles. MI Lab - is a mokuhanga artists residency located in Kawaguchi-ko, near Mount Fuji. More info can be found, here.    Ozu Washi - is a paper store located in the Nihonbashi district of Tokyo. website, Instagram   Jon Lee - is a mokuhanga printmaker and tool maker based in Arizona. His interview with The Unfinished Print can be found, here.    nb2203 (2025)   East London Printmakers — A London-based, artist-run printmaking studio and collective that supports artists through access to printmaking facilities, technical expertise, workshops, and a community of printmakers. It is particularly associated with contemporary and experimental approaches to printmaking. Raluca Iancu — is a Romanian-American printmaker and educator whose practice includes mokuhanga and other forms of printmaking. Raluca is an Associate Professor of Art & Visual Culture, Printmaking, at Iowa State University and serves as Vice-Chair of the International Mokuhanga Association. Her work can be found here. Overpasses 5.01 (Itoshima) (2023) Carol Wilhide Justin - is a mokuhanga printmaker based in London, England. Her work focuses on the natural world and the process of making mokuhanga. Carol's interview with The Unfinished Print can be found, here.  Meanwhile (2017) 90 cm x 60 cm Michiko Hamada - is a mokuhanga printmaker based in Japan. She is an instructor at MI Lab. Her Instagram can be found, here.  Until It Dissapears (2022) 41 cm x 47cm Chihiro Taki (b. 1988) - is a mokuhanga printmaker who lives and works in Japan. She helps to teach students at MI Lab as an instructor.  あるく日 (2015) 140cm x 100cm mokume — A Japanese woodblock printing technique in which the grain and texture of the wood are used to create a distinctive, organic pattern in the printed image. Osamu Sugiyama - 10 Views of Mt. Fuji - Moonlight over Shinobino Moor (33cm x 43cm)  hanji — Traditional Korean paper made primarily from the inner bark of the paper mulberry tree (dak). Its production involves a highly developed process of pulping, sheet formation and drying. Traditional knowledge and skills associated with hanji-making are currently being considered for inscription on UNESCO's Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2026. Jackson's Art Supplies — A major British art-materials retailer founded in London in 2000, supplying a wide range of fine-art materials, papers, paints, brushes and specialist tools. It now has shops including locations in Dalston and Fulham. More, here.   Shepherds London — A specialist London supplier of fine papers, bookbinding materials and related craft supplies, particularly known for high-quality and handmade papers used by artists, printers, bookbinders and designers. More info, here. Jacek Machowski - is a prolific mokuhanga printmaker based in Poland. Jacek explores mokuhanga in all its dimensions, testing and making tools, as well as collaborating with other printmakers. His interiview with The Unfinished Print can be found, here.  More info for Jacek can be found, here.  Matthew Willie Garcia — is a printmaker whose practice includes mokuhanga, screen printing, projection mapping, animation, and large-scale installation. His colourful and distinctive work explores queer identity, often using ideas of time, space, science fiction, and the universe as points of departure. At the time of this writing, Matthew was the Grant Wood Printmaking Fellow at the University of Iowa, where he held the fellowship from 2024–2025. His interview with The Unfinished Print can be found here. More information about Matthew and his work can be found, here.  Betazuri (ベタ摺り) — a mokuhanga printing technique in which a large, solid area of colour or ink is printed evenly across the paper, rather than using the woodgrain or leaving areas unprinted. It is often used for backgrounds or broad areas of flat colour.     © Popular Wheat Productions logo designed and produced by Douglas Batchelor and André Zadorozny  Introduction music while working - Ramsey Lewis Trio - Summer Breeze (1974) & Charlie Parker - Summertime (1949) Disclaimer: Please do not reproduce or use anything from this podcast without shooting me an email and getting my express written or verbal consent. I'm friendly :) The opinions expressed by guests on The Unfinished Print: A Mokuhanga Podcast do not necessarily represent the opinions or beliefs of André Zadorozny.   

Thousands of languages are used around the world today, and this linguistic diversity is a precious part of our human heritage. But it's also more than that. Linguistic diversity provides clues—a vast crazy quilt of clues—about how language works, about how history has unfolded, about the dynamics of culture, and about the nature of the human mind. My guest today is Dr. Damián Blasi. Damián is an ICREA Research Professor based at the Center for Brain & Cognition at the Pompeu Fabra University in Barcelona. Over the last decade or so, Damián's emerged as one of the most innovative researchers in the study of language and linguistic diversity. He's been widely recognized for this work, and most recently was awarded the 2026 FABSS Early Career Impact Award from the Cognitive Science Society. In this conversation, Damián and talk about why scientists should care about linguistic diversity. We do a bit of linguistic diversity 101—how many languages there are, how we can enumerate them, how they vary from another. We discuss a recent paper in which Damian and his colleagues reconstructed the explosive rise and precipitous fall of human linguistic diversity over the last 12,000 years. We talk about the factors that drive language change. And we discuss how cognitive science relies too much on English and English speakers—and how this may be holding the field back. Along the way, Damián and I touch on the Tower of Babel, a golden age of linguistic diversity, the human bite configuration, scientific aesthetics, whether children shape language, polygenetic theories of language evolution, the pace of language change, schooling, linguistic inequality and behemoth languages, and why Damián thinks that possibility space of human language might be bigger and wilder than we currently imagine. This is a special episode of the Many Minds podcast. As I mentioned, Damián is this year's winner of an award from the Cognitive Science Society, in recognition of his outstanding early-year contributions to the field. He recently gave a keynote at the society's annual conference in Rio de Janeiro, and we've partnered with the Cognitive Science Society to feature this conversation about his work. I'll also mention that this wasn't my first time chatting with Damián—he's an alumnus of the Diverse Intelligences Summer Institute (DISI), the sponsor & incubator of this podcast. We met there a couple years ago, and so it was all the more fun to reconnect with him here. Alright friends, without further ado, on to my conversation with Dr. Damián Blasi. Enjoy!   Notes 10:00 – The UNESCO page on multilingualism and linguistic diversity. 17:00 – The Ethnologue database. 20:00 – For examples of Dr. Blasi's work on "behemoth languages" and on how languages are not represented equally in terms of technological and development investment, see here and here. 26:00 - For the paper in which Dr. Blasi and colleagues introduced Grambank, see here. For the database itself, see here. 29:00 – For Dr. Blasi's earlier work on sound-meaning associations across languages, see here. 33:00 – For discussion of Darwin's views on monogenesis vs polygenesis and race, see our recent episode. 36:00 – For more about pronouns—and how they do and do not vary across the world's languages—see several chapters in the World Atlas of Language Structures. 39:00 – The paper—'Babies aren't persons'—by David Lancy. 41:00 - For Dr. Blasi and colleagues' recent Science paper on the rise and fall of human linguistic diversity, see here. 59:00 – For a recent study of linguistic diversification, including discussion of so-called schismogenesis, see here. For an example of Cristina Moya's work on ethnic identity in the Andes region, see here. 1:00:00 – For an example of Dr. Blasi's work on how ecology shapes language—a topic not discussed in this conversation—see here. 1:01:00 ­– For the study by Dr. Blasi and colleagues about changes in human bite configuration and how these changes have shaped sounds systems, see here. 1:14:00 – For the recent paper by Dr. Blasi and colleagues about the (non-)role of children in language change, see here. 1:22:00 – The paper by Dr. Blasi and colleagues about the over-reliance on English in the cognitive sciences (and how it hinders the field). 1:24:00 – See here for work by Aitor Egurtzegi, in collaboration with Dr. Blasi and others, on ergativity and gaze patterns across languages. 1:27:00 – For the preprint—'Which humans?'—led by Mohammed Atari (and including Dr. Blasi and others), see here. 1:30:00 – For a recent argument that psychology needs to overcome its "ahistorical" bent, see here.   Recommendations A Myriad of Tongues, Caleb Everett The Secret of Our Success, Joseph Henrich Linguistic Diversity in Space and Time, Johanna Nichols   Tile art credit: Painting by Pieter Bruegel the Elder (detail)   Many Minds is a project of the Diverse Intelligences Summer Institute, which is made possible by a generous grant from the John Templeton Foundation to Indiana University. The show is hosted and produced by Kensy Cooperrider, with help from Assistant Producer Urte Laukaityte and with creative support from DISI Directors Erica Cartmill and Jacob Foster. Our artwork is by Ben Oldroyd. Subscribe to Many Minds on Apple, Stitcher, Spotify, Pocket Casts, Google Play, or wherever you listen to podcasts. You can also now subscribe to the Many Minds newsletter here! We welcome your comments, questions, and suggestions. Feel free to email us at: manymindspodcast@gmail.com. For updates about the show, visit our website or follow us on Bluesky (@manymindspod.bsky.social).

İstanbul'da 2027'de düzenlenecek UNESCO Dünya Miras Komitesi 49. Dönem Toplantısı için hazırlık süreci resmen başladı. Ankara Etnografya Müzesi, Anadolu'nun 12 bin yıllık takı mirasını 550 eserle anlatan yeni sergiye ev sahipliği yapıyor.Bu bölüm Anisah Coffee hakkında reklam içermektedir. Anisah Coffee, fonksiyonel kahve serisini Aposto okurlarına özel %23 indirim fırsatıyla sunuyor. Ayrıntılı bilgiye buradan ulaşabilirsiniz.

#Publi. ¿De quién es un galeón hundido hace siglos? Si alguna vez se encontrase, ¿quién podría reclamar la Atlántida? Bajo el mar se esconde un pasado anterior a las fronteras que hoy alimenta relatos nacionalistas y disputas entre potencias. El patrimonio cultural subacuático se ha erigido en un campo de batalla geopolítico. Hoy en día, el conflicto internacional sobre lo que hay debajo del mar se libra en muchos frentes: la Convención de la UNESCO de 2001, la inmunidad soberana de los barcos de Estado, los litigios por tesoros como el del galeón San José o el modo en que China, Grecia o Rusia emplean este patrimonio para legitimar sus reclamaciones territoriales. Hoy, en "No es el fin del mundo", hablamos de la historia bajo el mar: una batalla cargada de política. Mapas y artículos: La geopolítica del mar de la China Meridional El Imperio romano Este episodio cuenta con el patrocinio de la Dirección General de Patrimonio Cultural y Bellas Artes del Ministerio de Cultura.

In this episode of Crossing Faiths, John Pinna speaks with John Havens about the intersections of artificial intelligence, human dignity, and holistic well-being. Reflecting on his 2016 book Heartificial Intelligence: Embracing Our Humanity to Maximize Machines, Havens argues that the rush to automate and replicate human intelligence must be grounded in clear boundaries, ethical disclosures, and genuine care for human flourishing rather than mere economic productivity or artificial engagement. Throughout their dialogue, the two explore the psychological, ecological, and spiritual consequences of generative AI and large language models, warning against dangerous anthropomorphism and unvetted deployments that risk mental health harms, environmental resource drain, and the uncredited scraping of creators' work. Ultimately, Havens advocates for shifting focus away from narratives of human obsolescence toward the empirical science of positive psychology, life satisfaction, and grounded community relationships—such as the simple, irreplaceable value of baking bread and personal connection—asserting that true fulfillment and human worth exist independently of technological mediation. John C. Havens on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com/stores/John-C.-Havens/author/B002BLX34G?ref=sr_ntt_srch_lnk_1&qid=1786878592&sr=8-1&shoppingPortalEnabled=true&ccs_id=7afa3490-1d96-4003-873d-639d22d13cd7 John C. Havens on Unesco: https://www.unesco.org/ethics-ai/en/ai-ethics-experts-without-borders/john-havens

This is a special episode talking about the newest UNESCO World Heritage cultural site: The Asuka and Fujiwara Ancient Capitals. This is particularly relevant as it is directly related to the history we are currently examining in this podcast. For more information, check out the blogpost at: https://sengokudaimyo.com/podcast/episode-unesco  Rough Transcript: Welcome to Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  My name is Joshua, and this is a special episode on Japan's newest UNESCO world heritage site: the Ancient Capitals of Asuka and Fujiwara. Rarely do I focus too much on current events in this podcast.  After all, we are still dealing with the events of the 7th century, and that is hardly "current" in any sense.  However, just last month, at the end of July 2026, the UNESCO World Heritage Convention met and made a ruling on inducting the Ancient Capitals of Asuka and Fujiwara as one of the newest World Heritage sites. Given the obvious relevance of this to this podcast, I thought it was worth talking about. As such we'll go into a little history of the UNESCO world heritage convention, what it means, and how sites get added—or even removed—from the list.  And then we'll talk about the addition of the Ancient Capitals of Asuka and Fujiwara, what is included in that description, and what part those various locations play in the story of Japan's history, which we've been laying out for the past several years.  Warning up front:  This is probably going to be a longer episode than usual, as there is a lot to cover, but it still didn't seem to make sense to break it up into two parts. Before we get into the background of UNESCO more generally, let's talk briefly about the news.  The Ancient Capitals of Asuka and Fuijwara had been on UNESCO's tentative list since 2007, and following an on-site evaluation in September of 2025, the International Council on Monuments and Sites, or ICOMOS, made a recommendation in June 2026 that the property be inscribed on the World Heritage list. On 26 July, 2026, the UNESCO World Heritage Committee met in Busan, South Korea and accepted the recommendation.  This becomes Japan's 22nd cultural World Heritage site, and the 27th World Heritage property in Japan, since the World Heritage program is also inclusive of natural heritage sites, such as Yakushima, Amami-Ohoshima, the Ogasawara islands, and the mountainous regions of Shirakami-Sanchi, and Shiretoko, in Hokkaido. The recommendation for Asuka and Fujiwara was not just for a single site, but includes 19 individual sites and over 1,100 hectares of "buffer zone".  The individual sites are listed on the UNSECO World Heritage website as follows: •             Asuka Palace Site •             Asuka Pond Garden Site •             Asuka Water Clock Site •             Sakafuneishi Ritual Site •             Asuka-dera Temple Site •             Tachibana-dera Temple Site •             Yamada-dera Temple Site •             Kawara-dera Temple Site •             Hinokuma-dera Temple Site •             Ishibutai Mounded Tomb •             Shobuike Mounded Tomb •             Kengoshizuka Mounded Tomb •             Fujiwara Palace Site •             Daikandaiji Temple Site •             Motoyakushiji Temple Site •             Mounded Tomb of Emperor Temmu and Empress Jito •             Nakaoyama Mounded Tomb •             Kitora Mounded Tomb •             Takamatsuzuka Mounded Tomb So these are the specific locations, that were included in the single designation.   And these are how they are officially listed on the UNESCO World Heritage site in English, so for anyone who is going to comment that saying Asuka-dera Temple is redundant, because "Tera" already means "Temple", let's just not, shall we?  They are all in the Asuka and Kashihara area, and easily accessible, one from the other, so you can go and visit them if you would like.  I suspect that there is going to be a bit of push for that area in the coming tourist season as they now put up official UNESCO world heritage site markers.  And you may have noticed that a lot of these site names may sound very familiar, because the majority of them are places we've already mentioned on the podcast – but more on that later. But first, what does it mean to be a UNESCO World Heritage Site? UNESCO is the "United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization".  It was founded in 1945, with the stand-up of the UN itself, as a successor to the League of Nations' International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation.  That said, the idea of a "World Heritage Site" didn't come about until 1975, with the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, with the first sites being designated in 1978. Prior to this, UNESCO had been involved in various attempts to help preserve various monuments of historical significance.  They begin working with various museums and other organizations, and in 1965 UNESCO created ICOMOS, an international professional association to work towards the conservation and protection of cultural heritage.  A site designated as a World Heritage Site must be considered to be of "outstanding universal value" and can fall under one of two categories.  The first, and perhaps the one that most often comes to mind, are the cultural sites.  The second are natural sites considered of outstanding value.   With the 1975 convention, UNESCO had leaned heavily on ICOMOS as an advisory body regarding sites of particular cultural significance.  A similar body, the World Conservation Union, provides input on sites of natural significance. To be determined a World Heritage site, there is a set of ten criteria, and a site must meet at least one of the ten.  This means that a site must: i.            Represent a masterpiece of human creative genius ii.           Exhibit an important interchange of human values iii.          Bear a unique or at least exceptional testimony to a cultural tradition or to a civilization iv.           Illustrate a significant stage in human history v.            Be an outstanding example of a traditional human settlement, land-use, or sea-use vi.          Be directly or tangibly associated with events or living traditions, with ideas, or with beliefs, with artistic and literary works of outstanding universal significance; or it must vii.         Contain superlative natural phenomena viii.        Be an outstanding example representing major stages of earth's history ix.          Be an outstanding example representing significant on-going ecological and biological processes in the evolution and development of ecosystems and communities of plants and animals; or it must x.           Contain the most important and significant natural habitats for conservation of biological diversity. I abbreviated that list, but it gives you an idea of what the committee is looking for. To be placed on the list, a site must first be nominated.  Nominations are made by UN member countries and placed on a Tentative List.  From there, they can be selected into a Nomination File, which is then evaluated by the advisory organizations as appropriate.  The World Heritage committee meets once a year, at which time they may determine whether a nominated site will be added to the World Heritage list or if more information is needed. Having a site listed as an UNESCO world heritage site carries prestige and can drive tourism and revenue to help protect the site.  Members can request financial assistance with some conservation projects, and signatory nations are expected to contribute to the conservation of world heritage sites.  At the same time, the host country is expected to provide regular reports on the conditions of the site and efforts being undertaken to conserve it.  Should the situation change so that key aspects of the site's intrinsic value are lost, the World Heritage Committee may choose to revoke a designation.  This has only been done a few times, but it is always a possibility. All of this means that the Asuka and Fujiwara capital sites are now eligible for certain types of financial assistance and international aid to help further preserve and even restore certain aspects, such as the tomb murals in the Takamatsuzuka and Kitora kofun.  But let's talk about the sites that have actually been included, and to do that, we'll go through in roughly chronological order, based on the timeline that was given by Japan in the nomination documents, and what makes the most sense for narrative cohesion.   That said, it is important to note that the dates on the timeline in the UNESCO nominating document are where we first see mentions of the monuments, not necessarily when the temples were first constructed or anything like that.  If you want to learn more, check out the documentation submitted on the UNESCO world heritage website. And speaking of learning more, many of the sites we are about to discuss we have covered in previous episodes—though some more than others.  We'll call out relevant episodes as we can, but you can also find out more by searching on our website, sengokudaimyo.com, for more information about any of these topics. Let's start with Asukadera, or Asuka Temple.  The nominating document notes that it was completed in 596, though it had been started quite a bit earlier.  We discussed Askua-dera and many of the other temples back in episode 142, though Asuka-dera itself has been a part of the story since at least Episode 92, with the rise of Soga no Umako.  Asuka-dera, as you may recall, started off as a private temple for the Soga family, though they were so intertwined with the royal family that it almost didn't make a difference.  For the longest time it was the primary temple site at least in the Asuka region, and defined what Buddhism looked like early on.  Later it would be included as one of the Four Great Temples, and it would eventually move to Nara, though a temple would continue to operate on the site until the modern day.  That said, through fires and reduced patronage, the current temple is much reduced from its former glory.  Still, archeologies have found indications at the site demonstrating the true extent of the temple at the height of its power and influence, and how it truly played a key role in numerous events surrounding the building of a continental style state government. Speaking of the Soga family, the next site on the list, dated to 626, is Ishibutai kofun.  Ishibutai kofun was originally a square kofun, or Houfun, thought to be the resting place of Soga no Umako, the Grand Minister and head of the Soga family who led it to prominence in the age of Kashikiya Hime, aka Suiko Tenno.  We talked about his passing in episode 103.  Excavations have suggested that the tomb took up an area about 85 meters to a side.  This included an outer moat and an inner, platform, about 50 meters square.  The burial chamber is a horizontal stone chamber created with impressive megaliths—a fancy word that just means "big stones".  In this case we are talking about stones that rival or even dwarf those at monuments like the famous Stonehenge, in England.  The stones are part of what give it its name, Ishibutai, or Stone Stage, because unlike in other kofun, these ones are exposed.  There is a theory that after the fall of the Soga family, and the deaths of Soga no Iruka and Soga no Emishi, the tomb was deliberately uncovered as a form of posthumous punishment. Because it is not a tomb under the care of the Imperial Household Agency, Ishibutai kofun has seen extensive excavation from 1933 to 1975.  That said, most of the funerary goods were likely stolen a long time ago.  There were some various bits and pieces found here and there—gilt and bronze implements and earthenware shards, but otherwise nothing truly significant.  They did find evidence of other tombs, nearby.  Perhaps ironically it seems that these other tombs were leveled to make room for Ishibutai kofun, making its own uncovering feel somewhat karmic, in a way. The next site, if we were to follow the timeline, is the Asuka Palace site.  This actually encompasses the site of at least four different palaces, which we discussed back in episode 134, with a blogpost showing the various palace remains, if you want to compare them.  In 630 we have the construction of the Okamoto Palace of Kashikiya Hime.  Then, in 643, we have the Itabuki Palace built for Takara Hime during her first reign as Kogyoku Tenno.  This was the location of the famous Isshi Incident, when Takara Hime's son, Naka no Oe, instituted the coup against Soga no Iruka and his father, killing Iruka in court in front of his mother.  For more on that, check out episode 106.  It was later used when she and Naka no Oe left the Toyosaki Naniwa Palace and returned to Asuka.  It may be during the time of the Itabuki Palace that another one of the monuments was built.  This is the Shobuike Kofun.  The nomination document doesn't give a precise date for this one, and we really only know for certain that it was built in the 7th century, but they place it on the timeline shortly after the events of 643.  Like Ishibutai kofun, it is a hofun, or square kofun, surrounded by a moat with a horizontal burial chamber.  At only 30 meters long, it is not as large or as prominent as Ishibutai Kofun, possibly indicating that the occupants were not as prominent or that kofun building as a whole was falling out of fashion.  Inside, there were two stone coffins, in the "house shape", meaning the lid had a peaked roof appearance.  In addition, the interior of the coffins was lacquered, making these unique in the archipelago.  Finally, perhaps as is the case with Ishibutai kofun, the mound appears to have been deliberately dismantled at some point in the early 8th century, when Fujiwara-kyo was still the capital. We do not know who was buried at Shobuike Kofun, but there are two theories.  One theory proposes that, given the unique features, it may have been a member of the royal family.  Another theory suggests that it may be a tomb for members of the Soga family.  This theory is connected to the idea that Ishibutai is the tomb of Soga no Umako.  Given its shape and similarities, perhaps this tomb is for a relative?  In addition, though not part of the World Heritage Site nomination, there is a nearby square kofun known as Koyamada Kofun.  There is a theory that this other tomb might also have been a royal tomb—perhaps even a first burial for Tamura no Ohokimi, aka Jomei Tenno.  However, there is another theory that these two tombs, together, make up the tombs of Soga no Emishi and Soga no Iruka.  That would explain them both being of similar shapes, and similar to the kofun thought to be that of Soga no Umako.  It could also explain why Shobuike kofun was later destroyed, like with Ishibutai Kofun. Shortly after Shobuike Kofun was thought to have been built, the court moved to Naniwa for a time, before eventually returning to the Itabuki Palace.  Then, in 656, we have the Nochi-no-Okamoto Palace, aka the Later Okamoto Palace, built after the Itabuki palace burned down.  It was repurposed by Ohoama when he brought the court back from Ohotsu, and then expanded with the Ebinoko Enclosure, among other changes, turning it into the Kiyomihara palace, where Ohoama and then Uno no Sarara ruled until the completion of the Fujiwara Palace around 694. Around the same time as the Later Okamoto Palace was the construction of the Sakafuneishi Ritual Site.  This site is located on a hill on the east side of the Asuka valley, overlooking the Asuka palace site.  There they have found stone walls, a strange carved stone with channels for what appears to be water or liquid for some kind of ritual purpose, and, towards the bottom of the hill, a stone turtle basin and water spout that appears to have once been connected to a spring.  Of all of the included sites, this is perhaps the most enigmatic in terms of how it was used and what was going on there.  It is likely that this is what is referred to in the Chronicle as the Tou no Mine site, where it is said that they built an enclosure encircling two tsuki trees, calling the site the Futatsuki Palace.  That said, today the name "tou-no-mine" is applied to a peak some distance further up the valley and into the mountains, and I do not believe that any concrete evidence of a "palace" has been found at either location.  Still, it demonstrates that there was something going on that was important enough to build walls and create intricate stone carvings—not something we necessarily find everywhere, though they are particularly prolific in the Asuka region once you consider all the various stone carvings that have been located there.  Current thinking seems to suggest that it was a site where sovereigns from Kashikiya Hime through Uno no Sarara conducted rites associated with ascension to the throne.  The walls show evidence of being built earlier in the 7th century, which we discussed in Episode 118, and then damaged during the incredibly powerful Nankai earthquake during the Hakuho era.  We talked about this earthquake back in episode 139, along with other natural disasters.  This was an earthquake of immense power, known as a Nankai Megathrust Earthquake, that caused destruction across the archipelago, from Shikoku up through the Kanto region.  Walls show evidence of being repaired in Temmu's time and the site appears to have been in use up through the 9th century.  This means it was still being used in some capacity even after the court had moved up to Heian-kyo, in modern Kyoto, but who knows by whom. By the way, I feel like I should address something here.  Often times there is a bit of an archaeological joke that if you don't know what something is it gets termed a "ritual site" or a "ritual implement".  And, granted, "ritual" does not necessarily mean "religious".  Brushing your teeth each day could be considered a ritual.  So is the inauguration of a new president or prime minister.  It just refers to something that we do regularly, usually as part of a societal tradition.  Often it is symbolic, though sometimes it can have a greater function.  So in all likelihood whatever was happening at the Sakafuneishi site probably was a kind of "ritual", whether it was religious or not, but we just don't have enough info to know what that might have looked like.  The physical evidence does not conform to any other well known practice, so we are left guessing. Compare this to another "ritual" site, the next on our list:  The Mizuochi site.  When it was first discovered in 1972, it was clear that it was important.  There was a large building foundation, in the shape of a square podium, faced with paving stones.  It was also near to Asukadera and the location where various stone figures had been found at the turn of the century.  It would take several more years to discern enough features to come to the realization of what it was for.  This was due to the discovery of highly unusual features and artifacts. For instance, there is the central building, designated SB200.  It had pillars set on base stones, forming a grid pattern in a square—four spans long on each side.  This is unusual compared to other buildings on the site, which had more conventional pillars embedded in the ground.  Each span of the pillars at SB200 was a uniform distance.  The podium on which the building was placed was just under 11 meters on each side, and a little more than a meter in height.  The pillar bases were further strengthened under the floor level, meaning that the resulting structure would have been remarkably sturdy.  In the center of the building was a stone platform, set about a meter below the surface, where they found the remains of a large and small lacquered wooden boxes.  Around the platform were buried wooden culverts and copper pipes, which would have been able to carry water to and from the site. There was nothing else like this discovered anywhere else, but given the nature of everything, it seemed to make sense that this was the site of the clepsydra, the water clock, which Naka no Oe is said to have built.  Pottery shards from around the 650s and 660s seem to back up this identification, and simulations have demonstrated how the water clock may have actually worked.  As such, the site seems to have been fairly well identified, which is really remarkable, and provides an incredible link to that era.  Not only that, but the technology demonstrated was incredibly advanced for its time.  As such, it truly is a remarkable site.  For more, check out Episode 127, where we talked more in depth about the importance of time and direction in Ancient Yamato. The next site on the list is the Kengoshizuka Kofun.  This mounded tomb is said to have been built around 667 CE—around the time that Yamato was supporting Baekje in a failed attempt to stave off that country's destruction at the hands of the Silla-Tang alliance.  This is an octagonal shaped kofun—a shape which is thought to have only been used by members of the royal family.  The academic position is that this is the tomb of Takara Hime—aka Saimei Tennou—who had died just as Yamato was starting to send troops to the Korean peninsula.  This theory is at odds with the Imperial Household Agency, which has designated a different tomb—Kurumaki-Kenno Kofun—as Saimei Tennou's mausoleum The story as it is recounted in the Nihon Shoki goes something like this.  As Yamato was gathering forces to defend Baekje—see episodes 123 and 124 for what happened—Takara Hime passed away at the temporary court set up in Asakura, in modern Kyushu.   With Yamato just about to launch a military campaign, they couldn't also hold a royal funeral, so they had her body taken back to the Nara basin..  Takara Hime's remains were temporarily interred at the plain of the Asuka River—Asuka-gawara.  It wouldn't be until after the conflict was over—a little more than 5 years later—that she would be buried.  At that time, we are told that she was buried together with Royal Princess Hashibito, her sister-in-law, at Wochi Hill—little market hill—and that the royal granddaughter, Princess Ohota, was buried in front.  And indeed, the layout of Kengoshizuka Kofun  has space for two coffins, and the archeologists found evidence of another burial in "front" of the kofun.  So in all ways this  seems to accord with the Chronicles, though the Imperial Household Agency has not chosen to change its designation.  I suspect that if they did it might cause some issues due to the limits of what archaeologists are allowed to do with tombs designated as royal mausoleums. Kengoshizuka Kofun has been remarkably reconstructed, so that you can go and see what it probably looked like when it was first built.  Since it was not designated as an imperial mausoleum by the Imperial Household Agency, archaeologists were able to excavate Kengoshizuka, and they found some remarkable finds, including a particularly spectacular coffin fitting made of cloisonne hexagonal plates with images of flowers that were connected to each other.  There also appears to have been a coffin made with lacquered linen, rather than the stone or tuff coffins found elsewhere.  So that's Kengoshizuka Kofun.  That's #7 on our list.  Moving on to #8, on the timeline at 673, it is Kawara-dera, and I'm going to lump this in with Tachibana-dera, which is noted on the timeline at 680.  In fact, the nominating document proposes a much earlier timeline for the start of Tachibana-dera, starting in the 640s, with Kawara-dera in the 660s, about two decades later. These two temples sit across from one another, and at one time they appear to have been coupled together as a monastery and a nunnery.  In fact, the nominating documents call out Tachibana-dera as Japan's oldest nunnery. The actual founding of these two temples is somewhat in dispute.  Let me start with Tachibana-dera.  Tachibana-dera claims to have been founded by none other than the legendary Shotoku Taishi.  It is said that the land of Tachibana-dera was the area of the palace where Prince Umayado, aka Shotoku Taishi, was born, and that in 606 he had the property turned into a temple.  As such, it claims to be one of seven major temples built by the Prince.  However, we don't have any actual documentation for the temple until it shows up in 680, due to the report of a fire.  We do see it in numerous poems in the Man'yoshu, which is one of the ways we can also tell that it was a nunnery. More information can be gleaned from the archaeological excavations at the site.  The original temple was clearly built on the same Baekje designs as others of that period.  In an interesting twist, it appears as though the temple was not oriented north to south, as others were, but rather it was oriented west to east.  This would have had it facing the royal palace, initially, in a configuration very similar to that of Shitennoji, in Osaka, or Yamadadera, which is also one of the sites included in UNESCO World Heritage designation. The original temple had a middle gate, a pagoda, a main hall—or kondo—and a lecture hall (Koudou).  It was surrounded by a walled corridor.  Some of the roof tiles that have been found appear to be from the first quarter of the 7th century, but there are many more from the mid-7th century, suggesting that full-scale construction wasn't carried out until that period.  None of the original buildings appear to have survived, though there is an Asuka era stone statue, as well as various important cultural properties that have been preserved, and excavations have given us an idea of what it looked like, originally. Compare that to Kawara-dera, which sits to the north of Tachibana-dera.  We've talked about Kawara-dera before, as it was eventually designated one of the four national temples.  It was clearly built at a later date than Tachibana-dera, though when, exactly, is still unclear. There is mention of a Kawara-dera in an entry for 653, but even then, the Chronicles note that may have actually been at Yamada-dera, on the other side of Asuka, indicating that even the Chroniclers weren't entirely sure.  That leaves the first clean mention of the temple at 673, in the reign of Ohoama, aka Temmu Tenno.  There is a note, prior to this, in about 656, which talks about "Kawara no Miya", or the Kawara Palace. This is where Takara Hime briefly moved after the fires damaged the Itabuki Palace, which was rebuilt into the Later Okamoto Palace.  It is thought that Kawara-dera is on the site of that temporary palace, and it is possible that the building of that palace lent something to the eventual creation of Kawara-dera. Kawara-dera has a unique layout, known specifically as the Kawara-dera style temple layout.  Although the overall temple is built on a north-south axis, the west main hall faces east, towards the pagoda, in the southern courtyard.  There was then a central main hall, and then the northern courtyard, with the koudou, or lecture hall, facing south.  There is also evidence that the east gate was sizeable—possibly larger than the south gate.  If so, it may be that this temple, like Tachibana-dera, was also facing east—facing the palace—but it was, at the same time, also on the same north-south access as other buildings and facilities.  This almost seems like they were perhaps compromising between facing the palace and utilizing the continental idea of a north-south alignment.  I almost wonder if the pagoda and western kondou weren't first built and then someone decided to change the orientation mid-way through the building process.  Either way, it is definitely unique. Although Kawara-dera was designated as one of the four national temples, it is the only temple that was not eventually moved up to Heijo-kyo, or Nara, when the capital eventually moved up there.  There are numerous theories as to why, but regardless of that, it stayed in Asuka and was no longer considered a national temple.  Over time it declined, and repairs could not be maintained across the entire complex.  Today, a successor temple, Gufuku-ji, sits on the site, but it is much reduced.  Fortunately, you can still see many of the exposed footings and get an idea for just what this temple was like back in its heyday. Now since we've mentioned it, it is probably worth talking about Yamada-dera, which is also on the list.  Like the others, there is a small successor temple to the north, but most of the ancient Yamada-dera grounds are visible, and if you go out there you can clearly see where all the buildings were.  There are signs and raised platforms depicting where the various buildings were at, so you can easily see what was there.  Furthermore, if you check out the Asuka Historical Museum, they have a remarkably well-preserved section of one of the walls of the gallery from the temple, including some roof elements.  It appears to have fallen down during a fire, and other material must have fallen on top of it so that the fire could not consume that section, leaving it in incredible shape. Yamada-dera is part of the Hosso sect—that is the sect following the teachings of the monk Xuanzang.  We talked about Xuanzang, and the monks who studied with him, back in episodes 120 to 122.  It is said to have been founded by Soga no Kurayamada no Ishikawa no Maro.  He was a relative of Soga no Emishi who supported Prince Naka no Oe in his coup in 645.  Soga no Kurayamada eventually became Udaijin, or Minister of the Right, and he was essential in implementing the Taika reforms.  Long story short, he was slandered, and fled to Yamada-dera, which was still under construction.  Rather than being taken by government forces, he took his own life, as well as that of his wife and eight children.  You can listen to the whole story back in Episode 112.  All of that is said to have happened here at that temple, in the year 649.  Perhaps because of the stain of that incident, the temple construction appears to have been halted for a time.  It wouldn't be completed until 685, when Ohoama and his wife, Uno no Sarara, a direct descendant of Soga no Kurayamada, were on the throne. Finally, there is one more temple from this early period that is mentioned, and that is Hinokuma-dera.  Of all of the temples so far, this one we probably have mentioned the least in the main podcast.  Hinokuma-dera is located to the southwest of the main Asuka valley, south of the famous Takamatsuzuka kofun.  It is first mentioned in a record dated to 686.  That indicates it must have been built some time prior, and archaeological excavations seem to place it at the second half of the 7th century, with the pagoda and main hall being completed in the late 7th century.   The temple continued to be maintained through the 8th century, but declined after the Heian period when the pagoda and lecture hall collapsed.  In the early 20th century a local Shinto shrine was relocated here, and remains, today. Hinokuma-dera was built as a private temple by the Yamato no Aya.  The Yamato no Aya are an intriguing group of people.  The name "Aya" implies a group that was originally employed as weavers, a technology brought over from the continent.  Indeed, they are said to have been largely immigrants who came and brought the technology with them.  The Aya were broken into different groups, with the Yamato no Aya being one of the more powerful.  The name appears again and again in the Chronicles, though in the time of Ohoama they were put on notice as a clan.  We aren't told what they did, exactly.  They seem to have made their way back into the court's good graces over time, however. Hinokuma-dera is interesting in that it is much smaller than the other temples we have discussed, and the form is quite different.  It isn't organized along cardinal directions, but rather with the koudou, or lecture hall, in the northwest and the kondou, or main hall, in the southeast.  The pagoda was between the two, slightly off-center to the northeast, directly across from the main gate, which faced southwest.  This means that you would enter from the southwest into a large, rectangular courtyard.  You could be facing a pagoda near the rear wall, with a lecture hall to your left and the main image hall to your right.  This is compared to Baekje temples that were on the periphery of the Baekje capital, and this may have been in a similar situation.  Based on the surrounding geography, it appears that some of the choices may have been made to conform with local geologic features, such as the ridge that it is on. It is interesting, however, for its uniqueness, especially as a private temple that did not have the resources of the court.  There were probably quite a few of these kinds of temples that we just don't see or hear about in the record.  When the court moved, first up to Heijo-kyo, but later on to Heian-kyo, in modern Kyoto, the head of the Yamato no Aya no doubt moved as well, and that probably led to the temple's decline, over time. Speaking of the court, there is one more part of the Asuka court that we should touch on before we leave the era of the Asuka palace.  At some point, probably related to the Later Okamoto Palace, the court created a pond and garden.  This Asuka Pond Garden site is first mentioned in 685, though it likely existed for some time.  Evidence suggests that it was built around the same time as the later Okamoto Palace, so sometime around 656, and based on excavations, we know that there was a south and north pond, divided by a middle bank.  Water flowed from the south pond to the north pond through a wooden pipe in that middle bank.  The south pond had a pentagonal shape, about 65 meters long, east to west, and 55 meters wide, north to south.  It was only 30 cm at its deepest point, with two islands in the pond itself.  The north pond was 36 meters east to west and 52 meters north to south, and it was up to 4 meters deep.  There was a stone overflow channel that was built for water to flow back into the Asuka river.  There was also a stone fountain, like that found at the Sakafuneishi site, and evidence of buildings and a wall around the site.  There has also been analysis of seed pollen, indicating what kinds of vegetation might have been grown in the garden. This was a lavish area that was purpose-built for entertainments of various kinds.  This is the area that the royal family and various nobles likely adjourned to at the end of the day for relaxation and for various banquets and other such gatherings. Of course, not all the court proceedings were so joyful.  In 686, Ohoama died, and for the next couple of years the court business was taken up with eulogies and memorials.  This is also when they built the next site included in the list: The mounded tomb of Temmu Tennou and, eventually, Jitou Tennou.  The tomb is an octagonal kofun, similar to the Kengoshizuka kofun for Takara Hime.  It is built to the southwest of the Asuka basin, a fair distance from the palace.  However, this positioning also puts it directly south of the site of the new Fujiwara Palace.  As the Fujiwara capital and palace site had already been selected, they would have been able to build this tomb in relation to the future palace, creating a direct north-south link between the two.  It is also along the same ridgeline as the tomb of Kengoshizuka and the tomb attributed to Kinmei Tennou and Princess Kibi no Himemiko. The octagonal tomb was built in five tiers.  It is about 42 meters on a side, built with rammed earth and then covered, originally, with dressed stones, while the surrounding area was paved.  Ohoama was buried in a sealed stone burial chamber in a dry-lacquered linen-made coffin, similar to what was found, again, at Kengoshizuka.  Later, when Uno no Sarara passed away, her urn was added to the tomb. Speaking of that, I cannot believe I didn't mention this in the last episode on Queen Uno no Sarara, but yes, she was cremated.  In fact, she is the first Yamato sovereign to have been cremated in the Buddhist style, rather than to have her body buried intact.  Today, almost cremation is the default in Japan—to the point that it actually has caused some issues with people who, for religious reasons, request a different type of burial.  However, at this point, it was still somewhat new.   Prior to Buddhism, all indications are that bodies were simply buried.  Buddhism brought in the concept of at least four different types of funerary rites.  There is dosou, or earth burial, but there was also suisou, water burial; fuusou, wind—or "air"—burial; and then kasou, fire burial.  Suisou would be committing a body to water, and fuusou generally means leaving the body on a stand, out in the open, to allow the body to decompose while birds, ideally vultures, come and do their work.  Of these, "kasou", fire burial or cremation, is linked to the historical Buddha, whose physical body is said to have been cremated, with the bones and teeth left behind considered holy relics.  That Uno no Sarara requested cremation would seem to indicate her own support of Buddhism and Buddhist institutions. The tomb of Temmu and Jitou has remained largely intact—at least compared to some that we have discussed this episode-- but not inviolate.  Over time, the site was allowed to become overgrown with trees and other vegetation.  In 1235 the tomb was robbed and in 1881 it was officially designated as an Imperial Mausoleum by the Imperial Household Agency, which now manages the site.  You can approach up to a point, but the tomb itself is largely off-limits to the public. Speaking of Uno no Sarara's support of Buddhism, we've already talked about her connections to Yakushi-ji, the next site on our list.  This temple was commissioned by Ohoama when his wife, Uno no Sarara, grew unexpectedly ill in 680.  She did recover, and the temple would eventually be considered one of the four National temples of the Yamato state.  It appears to have been built—possibly shifted slightly—specifically in line with the new avenues being laid out for Fujiwara-kyo, the new capital, and it fits neatly into place, taking up an entire city block.  When the capital moved, the temple was also moved.  The new temple sits up near modern Nara, in the area known as Nishi-no-kyou—the West (side of the) capital.  For the new site, the court may have used some of the materials from the original temple, though there does seem to have been a continued presence at the Fujiwara capital site until the 11th century.  To avoid confusion, the temple in the old Fujiwara capital site is referred to as "Moto-Yakushiji", meaning the Real or Original Yakushi Temple. Yakushiji was commissioned in 680, but work on the temple wasn't completed until 698, four years after the move to the new Fujiwara Palace.  Key features at this time were its size and its double pagodas, rather than just the single pagoda common in earlier temples.  This mimicked temple innovations happening on the continent, and was later adopted by several temples in the new capital of Heijo-kyo. Another national temple from around this time, also included in the nomination letter, is Daikandaiji.  Like Yakushiji, this temple was a grand statement of the Yamato state's ambitions.  Both were large temples that would have stood out, and as national temples they were symbols of state power and authority in matters both secular and spiritual. We discussed all of this in a previous episode, Episode 142, where we covered the four national temples, so I don't want to belabor it too much other than to give a brief overview.  In summary, what we know as Daikandaiji today is very likely the old Kudara Ohodera,  Kudara, in this instance, being spelled with the same kanji as for "Baekje".  Kudara Ohodera was the largest of the Asuka and Fujiwara era temples.  Its pagoda was over 80 meters tall, one of the tallest in Yamato at that time, and the main hall rivaled that of the Daigokuden, the main hall of the Fujiwara palace.   It also appears to have been moved twice.  First it was moved from its original location closer to the Asuka palace.  And then it appears to have been shifted to align with the avenues of the new Fujiwara capital.  The name was also changed.  "Kudara Ohodera" likely referred to the location where the temple was first founded by Tamura, aka Jomei Tennou.  It was then moved to Asuka and took on the name "Takechi Ohodera", given its new location, but then was renamed to Ohotsukasa no Ohodera, the Great Temple of the High Officials, or something like that.  This same name, read with the on'yomi reading, becomes "Daikandaiji". The temple was later moved to Heijo-kyo, where it was renamed to "Daianji", which means something like the Temple of Great Safety or Protection.   There is another story that says that the temple actually originated in the Kumagori dojo created by the legendary Shotoku Taishi, but, like so many such stories, that may have been added later to increase the temple's prestige.  As with so many of these temples, when the move was made to Heijo-kyo, the temple lost its national status, but remained active.  Without the upkeep by the court, it eventually declined, finally disappearing almost entirely.  Remains were rediscovered in the Edo and Meiji period, with major excavations in the 1970s and 80s.  From this, there is evidence of fire, even before construction was completed.  Indeed, there is a record of fire in 711.  The temple was likely under construction for much of the period of the Fujiwara capital's existence. This is probably as good a point as any to talk about the Fujiwara Palace itself.  I would note that the World Heritage site designation only includes the palace site, and not the entire capital city of Fujiwara-kyo.  That is probably for the best, as findings have suggested that the ancient capital was built on a plan far grander that previously thought. Initially, it was believed that the Fujiwara capital was built similar to Heijo-kyo and Heian-kyo, which is to say that it was modeled after the Tang capital of Chang'an.  This model creates a rectangular city with the main palace complex at the far north of the city.  Lower classes are typically housed in the southern regions while upper classes and nobility are provided land in the northern areas of the city.  Part of the reason to believe that the city was laid out like this has to do with the three mountains:  Mt. Unebi, Mt. Miminashi, and Mt. Kagu.  If the palace were located at the northern end of the city, then the city would fit rather nicely in the plains between these three mountains.  However, it appears that the plans for Fujiwara-kyo were much grander, and it appears that the Fujiwara palace sat not at the northern top of the capital, but instead it was in the middle.  This more closely approximates the ideal Confucian model, which created a square city divided into nine districts with the palace in the center.  However, it also means that the city grid is interrupted by the mountains, particularly by Mt. Miminashi, in the north.  To cover all of that land would be untenable, and much of it has been built up or under cultivation for centuries.  Furthermore, it is unclear how built up Fujiwara-kyo ever was.  Imagine trying to just create a city from scratch.  Not only was it about building the temples and the palace, but about all of the other houses, which would have been organized by the individual owners.  One also has to wonder just how many workers there were, and materials, to do all of this.  If much of this was done as traditional wooden buildings, then many of the blocks may not have left any significant remains, though new construction in the area does perform exploratory archaeology just in case.  There are a lot of interesting features that have been found. However, let's focus just on the Fujiwara Palace.  As I've previously pointed out—just back in Episode 152, for example, the Fujiwara Palace was, in many ways, getting back to the type of palace that the Toyosaki Naniwa Palace had tried to be.  This was a massive State complex.  The overall property appears to have been a square, with nine gates—once again, mimicking the geometric perfection suggested in ancient sources.  That wall, which was defined by post-holes in the ground, was also surrounded by a moat.  The south central gate was known as the Suzaku-mon, or Suzaku gate, named for Suzaku, the crimson bird of the south.  This was at the north end of Suzaku Oji, or Suzaku Avenue, the central road of the Fujiwara capital. This road was 24 meters wide, with 4 meter ditches on either side.  The ditches would have carried water throughout the city, while also allowing the city to drain water during large rains.  From the Suzaku gate to the north the palace opened up to the first courtyard, with two building where officials could prepare for the day.  Originally this would have been the place for officials to change into their formal robes, though later they were commanded to show up to work already dressed.  From there, once it opened, they would pass through another gate into the Choudouin, or State Hall.  Here, the 8 bureaus, or ministries, each had a Choudou, or court hall, where they would perform their work.  There were also four other halls for other governmental work. Besides the southern gate, there were gates on the east and west, which led to further government offices to the west and east of the court.  A fourth gate, at the north end of the Choudouin enclosure, would lead to the Daigokuden, the Great Audience Hall.  This was part of a reduced enclosure.  Two buildings have been discovered to the east and west of the enclosure, and north of the enclosure would have led to the private quarters of the sovereign and their family. The government buildings are more obvious than some others—many of the buildings were built in the continental style, meaning with stone footings, leaving a lot of evidence of their existence.  Meanwhile, the buildings of the sovereign's private residence were likely still in the indigenous style—plain wood with posts sunk directly into the ground, and thatched roof.  That would all leave a lot fewer traces, not to say that they haven't ever found anything. Today, the Fujiwara Palace site is a large open area where many of the features that have been found are indicated with modern crimson colored pillars, demonstrating where the various pillars were found.  At the same time, any above-ground reconstructions would have be conjectural, as we don't have enough remaining to know exactly what the palace looked like beyond the pillar locations. This palace and the city was ambitious.  It was huge and clearly meant as a permanent capital.  The fact that it was only occupied until about 710, when the capital moved north, to Heijou-kyou, is something we'll talk about in a later episode.  But still, it was absolutely an incredible move.  Think of how much labor this took and what kind of costs were involved?  This was truly a flex of the state's ability to mobilize labor to be able to do all of this, and generally marks the moment where the Yamato government really came into its own.  It also marks the period where the name "Yamato" is thought to have been officially changed to refer to "Nihon", the "Origin of the Sun", the name by which Japan would be known ever since.  It really is a symbol of Japan's changing state. There are only three more monuments included in the World Heritage Site designation, and they are all tombs. The first is Nakaoyama Kofun.  This is another octagonal kofun, approximately 19.5 meters from one side to the other.  It is only three tiers, as opposed to the five tiers of the tomb of Temmu and Jitou, and similarly covered in stone and surrounded by stone pavement.  The sealed burial chamber is narrow—designed for an urn rather than for a full-body coffin.  This is the first such mound clearly built to accommodate Buddhist style cremation, rather than a coffin.  While the keyhole shaped kofun had stopped being utilized for some time, this appears to put the final seal on the coffin, as it were, of the kofun building period, which had started back in the mid-3rd century.  Certainly, royal tombs continued to be built in the form of mountains, but they would stop having the same kind of artificial mound. It is unclear who was buried in the mound.  It was plundered around the 13th century, and there was considerable damage noted in the Edo period.  However, given Kengoshizuka Kofun and the kofun of Temmu and Jitou Tennou, it seems hard to deny the general consensus that this is the tomb of none other than Karu—that is to say Monmu Tennou.  However, as with Kengoshizuka Kofun, the Imperial Household Agency has named a different kofun, that of Kurihara-tsuka'ana Kofun, slightly to the south of Nakaoyama.  I would note that while this is an octagonal kofun, similar to the others we have seen, the Kurihara kofun, aka the Hinokuma Anko Misasagi, is a round kofun, which, in the consideration of modern scholarship, is not generally thought to have been a shape used for a royal tomb. There are two other tombs on the world heritage list that are round tombs, however—though they are not thought to have been royal tombs.  These are the Takamatsuzuka and Kitora kofun, and both of them have incredible features that are considered of particular importance to the indication of the development of the state.  This is because in both tombs elaborate tomb mural paintings were discovered. The murals of the Kitora kofun are perhaps the simpler between the two.  The Kitora murals have the four directional guardians on the walls of the tomb.  Again, we talked about this back in episode 127.  It was the idea that there was a directional guardian for each of the four cardinal directions.  This includes Genbu, the black tortoise of the north; Byakkou, the White Tiger of the West; Seiryuu, the Blue (or green) Dragon of the East; and Suzaku, the Red Bird of the South.  These descriptions were heavily tied in with various continental ideas of what would be known as "feng shui", including different ideas of color, direction, and concepts of yin and yang.  The Kitora kofun clearly shows these four guardians.  Based on the style of the tomb and the paintings, it is assumed that this tomb was built in the very beginning of the 8th century.  Combined with tomb goods found, while we don't know who was buried there it is very likely that it was either a royal prince or high ranking noble.  It has been suggested that this could have been the tomb for the Minister of the Right, others have suggested that it could be Royal Prince Takechi, who died in the late 7th century, or possibly even a high ranking member of the Baekje nobility living in the archipelago since the fall of their country, given some of the continental features of the tomb and its murals. In addition to the spectacular directional guardians, on the ceiling of Kitora Kofun is a depiction of the stars.  This star chart has been the focus of considerable study, as it depicts the stars in the sky as they might have been seen from the ground.  Though there are some errors, it is remarkably accurate, and it has been heralded as the oldest such star chart in the world.  There are earlier depictions of the sky, like the Nebra Sky Disc, from modern Nebra, in Germany, which dates to about 1800-1600 BCE, but those are more like an astronomical rule, rather than a chart.  It is also interesting that the positions of the stars don't exactly correspond with the sky over the Fujiwara capital: instead, it seems that the latitude better fits with the capital of Pyongyang in Goguryeo.  This opens up lots of intriguing possibilities about how this star chart came to be, and who created it.  It may be that some of the errors we see in the star positions come from taking a star chart possibly from the Tang court, and then localizing it to the Goguryeo capital in Pyongyang.  That chart then appears to have made its way to Japan where it was used in the Kitora kofun.  That means that the artist  wasn't necessarily directly looking at the sky at the time, but rather looking at a depiction, probably drawn on paper which has since been lost.  All of this points to the availability of, and importance placed on, astronomical information at the time.  In the Takamatsuzuka Kofun we similarly have directional animals, although in that case Suzaku, in the south, has been lost.  There is also a depiction of the stars, though it is more based on the zodiac, with constellations depicted in the various "houses" of the sky, rather than a true chart of the sky.  Most significantly in this tomb, however, are depictions of courtiers – groups of male and female attendance - in what appears to be court clothing, and indeed this is the best depiction we have of what court clothing may have looked like at this time.  It very much is in keeping with the clothing we see on the continent.  It is possible that the clothing depicted is not actually what was in use in the court, but possibly clothing from the continent as it was depicted in drawings and the like.   However, the style of clothing does seem to match the continental style clothing we see later in the Nara period, and so it does seem to be our best source for the clothing of the time barring us finding actual garments or further depictions. Both of these tombs are stunning, and have greatly increased our knowledge of the world of the court of 8th century Japan.  However, they are also both extremely fragile and in need of conservation.  Since being opened, humidity levels in the tombs have risen, which has led to the deterioration of the paintings themselves.  Japanese historians and conservators have gone to great lengths to preserve what they could before any more was lost, and there are depictions of what they looked like when they were originally found.  One of the goals of the World Heritage determination appears to be the conservation of these incredible paintings for future generations to be able to see. And there you have it.  Those are the sites  that were recently listed together on the UNESCO World Heritage list as the Ancient Capitals of Asuka and Fujiwara.  I hope that everyone gets a chance to go see them in person some day—it really is a beautiful and rather bucolic area with history strewn all about.  It isn't difficult to walk most of it, either, though to see everything you probably want at least a couple of days, not including various museums and other institutions.  And, of course, the rest of the Nara basin is full of even more treasures, such as Horyuji temple, the Makimuku Palace site, Mt. Miwa, and then the ancient capital of Nara, just to name a few. But that will have to be for another day.  For now, I think I've gone on long enough.  This has been a bit longer than most episodes, so I hope that you enjoyed it.  We'll be back with our regularly scheduled episodes in a couple of weeks. Until then if you like what we are doing, please tell your friends and feel free to rate us wherever you listen to podcasts.  If you feel the need to do more, and want to help us keep this going, we have information about how you can donate on Patreon or through either our Ko-Fi or BuyMeACoffee sites—just look up SengokuDaimyo. For all of that, you can also find the links over at our main website,  SengokuDaimyo.com/Podcast, where we will have some more discussion on topics from this episode. Also, you may have noticed that there are advertisements running on the podcast—that is so that we can keep this free to everyone, but if you want an ad-free version, we have uploaded our entire back-catalog to Patreon, where we will be releasing early and ad-free episodes for anyone who wants to sign up. Finally, feel free to reach out to our Sengoku Daimyo Facebook page.  You can also email us at the.sengoku.daimyo@gmail.com.  Thank you, also, to Ellen for their work editing the podcast. And that's all for now.  Thank you again, and I'll see you next episode on Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.

Le banconote dell'euro cambieranno nei prossimi anni, e la cosa più sorprendente è un'altra: il disegno si può votare. Raffaele e Matteo guardano i due temi in gara — i personaggi famosi della cultura europea oppure i fiumi e gli uccelli — e scoprono che sulle banconote di oggi non c'è nessun edificio vero. Nella seconda parte si scende a Genova, la tappa italiana della crociera: i caruggi, la Lanterna, una bomba che non è esplosa e un piatto di vetro verde che qualcuno chiama Santo Graal. Trascrizione interattiva e Vocab Helper Support Easy Italian and get interactive transcripts, live vocabulary and bonus content: easyitalian.fm/membership Parole della settimana il faccione — Una faccia grande. In italiano il suffisso -one rende le cose più grandi: da faccia nasce faccione. Si usa spesso per i ritratti grandi, quelli sui manifesti o, appunto, sui soldi. Nell'episodio è la posizione di Raffaele su come devono essere fatte le banconote: "sono vecchia scuola, sono abituato ad avere i faccioni delle persone sui soldi". English: a big face; here, a large portrait il sorteggio — Quando si sceglie a caso, senza decidere, per esempio con i bigliettini o con i numeri. Il verbo è sorteggiare, ma nell'episodio Raffaele usa anche estrarre e pescare. A Genova serviva per una cosa molto seria: decidere quale famiglia doveva ospitare un re o un papa. English: a draw, a drawing of lots Note dell'episodio È metà agosto e si sente: Raffaele ha le finestre spalancate in una città mezza vuota, Matteo si è chiuso in una stanza al piano di sopra perché a casa ci sono ospiti con bambini, e spera di non diventare "una pizza" con il sole che batte sui vetri. Prima di cominciare, una nota per Cristina: il suo messaggio vocale è arrivato ma non si sente niente, è un messaggio muto — e siccome il podcast è solo audio, non c'è modo di capirlo. Per favore, Cristina, rimandacelo. Poi si parla di soldi, con una precisazione subito corretta: "non parliamo dei nostri soldi... o meglio, parliamo dei nostri soldi. Dell'aspetto dei nostri soldi". Le banconote in euro cambieranno nei prossimi anni e la Banca Centrale Europea lascia votare il disegno. È questa la parte che stupisce Matteo: "sono stupefatto quasi dall'Unione Europea". I temi in gara sono due, e non è ancora stato scelto niente. Il primo sono i personaggi famosi della cultura europea. Il secondo è la natura, e in particolare i fiumi e gli uccelli: l'idea è bella, perché in Europa un fiume nasce in un Paese, ne attraversa altri e finisce in mare in un altro ancora, quindi unisce invece di dividere, e gli uccelli migratori fanno la stessa cosa. Raffaele però non riesce a immaginarseli nel portafoglio: gli uccelli si somigliano troppo, "sarebbe difficile dire 'il 5 euro è quello dove c'è il picchio, mentre invece il 10 euro è quello in cui c'è il martin pescatore'" — e Matteo, che è "pro uccelli", risponde che è un ottimo modo per imparare. Il rischio, dice Raffaele, è ripetere l'errore di adesso: sulle banconote di oggi ci sono archi e ponti in sei stili, dal classico all'Art Nouveau, e sono tutti edifici inventati, così nessun Paese poteva sentirsi escluso. Il risultato? "Se chiedi all'uomo della strada cosa è rappresentato sul 5 euro, ti dice 'boh, un edificio'". Se invece vincesse il primo tema, le facce sarebbero sei: Maria Callas sul 5, Beethoven sul 10, Marie Curie sul 20, Cervantes sul 50, Leonardo da Vinci sul 100 e, sul 200, un nome che i due non conoscevano: Bertha von Suttner. Tre donne e tre uomini, e quasi tutti appartengono a due Paesi insieme — Callas nasce cittadina americana da famiglia greca e diventa italiana, Curie è polacca naturalizzata francese, "più europea che francese o polacca". Von Suttner è stata la prima donna a vincere il Premio Nobel per la pace e ha scritto Giù le armi nel 1889: "non ha portato bene, perché dopo sono scoppiate due guerre mondiali". "Ci ha provato." Con Leonardo arriva anche un quiz sulla lira: su quale banconota era? Non sulle 1.000 — quello era Marco Polo, dice Raffaele, ma non ne è sicuro — e nemmeno sulle 10.000: era sulle 50.000. Le monete, invece, non cambiano: ne parleranno un'altra volta. Nella seconda parte si scende a Genova, la tappa italiana della crociera della settimana scorsa. Matteo ci è stato due volte e la trova molto simile a Napoli; il dispiacere è lo stesso per tutti e due, la strada sopraelevata davanti al mare, "come se ci fosse una cicatrice in mezzo", anche se nessuno dei due vuole girare il dito nella piaga dei genovesi. Poi però c'è tutto il resto: il porto industriale da una parte e dall'altra il porto antico rifatto da Renzo Piano, i palazzi con i portici, la Lanterna che è il simbolo della città, e i caruggi, cioè i vicoli stretti e pieni di vita del centro storico. Nella Cattedrale di San Lorenzo, a strisce bianche e nere, ci sono tre storie in una: le ceneri di San Giovanni Battista ("ce l'hanno tutti", commenta Matteo), il Sacro Catino, un piatto di vetro verde di duemila anni fa che secondo alcuni è il Santo Graal, e una bomba della Seconda Guerra Mondiale caduta lì dentro e mai esplosa — l'originale è stato disinnescato, dentro la chiesa c'è una copia. C'è anche la casa di Cristoforo Colombo, che era genovese. E si chiude con le Strade Nuove e i Palazzi dei Rolli, patrimonio UNESCO, costruiti tra Cinquecento e Seicento con i soldi dei mercanti: siccome non c'era un palazzo solo per gli ospiti importanti, le famiglie erano divise in categorie e quando arrivava un re, un imperatore o un papa se ne estraeva una a sorteggio. Da quel momento quella famiglia ospitava a nome di tutta la città. È anche il periodo in cui la Repubblica di Genova diventa quasi un'oligarchia. Nella sala VIP si continua con l'Acquario. Trascrizione Matteo: [0:24] Buongiorno. Raffaele: [0:26] Buongiorno a te, Matteo. Come stai e dove stai? Matteo: [0:30] Tutto bene e sono dove ero settimana scorsa, ma al piano di sopra. Raffaele: [0:39] Alla ricerca di un po d'aria fresca? Matteo: [0:42] No, non proprio: alla ricerca di uno spazio in cui posso registrare senza disturbare, mettiamola così, mettiamola al contrario. Raffaele: [0:52] O essere disturbato, dai, diciamola tutta. ... Support Easy Italian and get interactive transcripts, live vocabulary and bonus content: easyitalian.fm/membership

Come sempre, iniziamo la puntata con una rassegna degli eventi di attualità. La nostra prima discussione riguarda la condanna a morte inflitta all'ex presidente Bashar al-Assad per crimini di guerra e crimini contro l'umanità. Successivamente, parleremo di un raro episodio di aperta sfida del primo ministro israeliano Benjamin Netanyahu nei confronti del Presidente americano Donald Trump. Netanyahu ha, infatti, respinto pubblicamente e senza mezzi termini il piano in quindici punti proposto da Trump per favorire un cessate il fuoco a Gaza. La nostra terza notizia è dedicata alla decisione del Ministero dell'Istruzione danese di contrastare il crescente ricorso all'intelligenza artificiale per imbrogliare negli esami. D'ora in poi gli studenti delle scuole superiori dovranno discutere oralmente i propri elaborati scritti. Infine, parleremo della riapertura del celebre ristorante danese Noma.   La seconda parte di questa puntata è dedicata alla lingua e alla cultura italiana. L'argomento grammaticale di oggi è The Absolute Superlatives: The Prefixes arci- and stra-, che approfondiremo partendo da una legge approvata all'unanimità dal Parlamento italiano, che punta a cambiare il destino dei figli dei clan mafiosi. Nel finale, poi, daremo spazio all'espressione idiomatica del giorno: Andare a Genio. La ritroveremo nel dibattito sui teatri condominiali dell'Italia centrale, appena riconosciuti Patrimonio Mondiale dell'UNESCO. Dietro questi teatri si nasconde una storia che parla di comunità, partecipazione e di un modo speciale di vivere la cultura. - La Siria condanna Bashar al-Assad in contumacia alla pena di morte per crimini di guerra - Netanyahu preferisce sfidare Trump sulla questione di Gaza piuttosto che perdere il sostegno della sua base politica - La Danimarca imporrà agli studenti delle scuole superiori di sostenere oralmente gli esami scritti - Uno dei ristoranti più famosi al mondo riapre sotto una nuova direzione - Liberi di scegliere: la legge che vuole cambiare il destino dei figli della mafia - I teatri condominiali italiani diventano patrimonio UNESCO

Zwei Männer mit Metalldetektoren stehen 1999 auf einem flachen Hügel in Mitteldeutschland. Das Ding schlägt aus. Was sie ausgraben, verkaufen sie für 31.000 Mark. Sie ahnen nicht, dass sie gerade eine Weltsensation in der Hand halten. Unbezahlbar. Und älter als fast alles, was wir über dieses Europa zu wissen glaubten.Jochen war in Saale-Unstrut. Einer Region, die ihn komplett umgehauen hat. Er sitzt in einem winzigen Café in Naumburg vor Patisserie, die aussieht wie aus Japan. Er steht im tausende Jahre alten Naumburger Dom vor Uta, die Umberto Eco die schönste Frau des Mittelalters nannte und die bei Disney zur bösen Königin wurde. Er sitzt abends in den Weinbergen und schaut auf rote Dächer und ein Tal, das sich langsam entschleiert als grandioses Reiseziel.Und dann ist da diese goldene Scheibe. Die Himmelsscheibe von Nebra. 3700 Jahre alt, die älteste konkrete Darstellung des Himmels, die die Menschheit kennt. Gefunden genau hier - mitten in Deutschland.Kommt mit nach Saale-Unstrut, nach Thüringen und Sachsen-Anhalt. In Folge zwei geht es weiter nach Jena.—

China, Russia, Iran and North Korea are increasingly co-operating militarily. How steadfast is this alliance and should it worry the West? Plus: Germany’s ‘spy revolution’, Karoline Leavitt leaves and the pros and cons of Unesco’s World Heritage List. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Winging It On Location – Days 4-6-Helsinki: Our First Sauna, Trendy Coffees and Dancing On The StreetIn this on-location episode of Winging It, I continue the Estonia-to-Finland road trip and spend three packed days exploring Helsinki — a city that quickly became one of my favourite capital cities in Europe.From the ferry across the Gulf of Finland to trendy speciality coffee shops, a free walking tour, and our first proper Finnish sauna experience, this episode captures the atmosphere of Helsinki in real time. I share practical travel tips, food recommendations, transport advice, and the honest reactions that make these live-location episodes feel like you're travelling alongside us.We start with the Viking Line ferry from Tallinn, settle into central Helsinki, and dive straight into the city's café culture. After a crash course in Finnish history on a free walking tour, the trip becomes increasingly local: a Saturday morning ParkRun, doing laundry in a quirky neighbourhood café, and then the highlight of the weekend — a two-hour waterfront sauna session at Löyly.The evening turns into an unexpected night out filled with live music, dancing in a closed-off bar street, and one very unusual encounter involving a stranger with a glass of wine.On the final day, we slow things down with outstanding coffee and brunch before taking the ferry to Suomenlinna, Helsinki's UNESCO-listed sea fortress, for coastal views, cannons, history, and gelato by the water.If you're planning a Helsinki weekend trip, looking for sauna recommendations, or want a mix of food, coffee, nightlife, and history, this episode is packed with ideas and real-world travel insights.Places & Activities MentionedViking Line ferry from Tallinn to HelsinkiHotel Finn (central Helsinki)La Torrefazione specialty coffee caféGreen Cap Tours free walking tourHelsinki Central Library OodiRestaurant Khao Tip (Thai food)Tokoinranta ParkRunCafé Tin Tin Tango (laundry + café stop)Löyly waterfront saunaPute's Bar & PizzaMummotunneli nightlife areaSt George's CaféLazy Fox brunchFerry to SuomenlinnaEsplanadi ParkHelsinki CathedralSenate SquareSupport Winging It Travel PodcastIf you enjoyed this episode:⭐ Leave a 5-star rating or review on your podcast app☕ Support the show at buymeacoffee.com/wingingit

Syria's economic capital Aleppo was left largely in ruins by the fighting that raged there between regime and rebel forces from 2012 to 2016. A 2023 earthquake also caused severe damage to the old city. But reconstruction is now well underway, in particular of Aleppo's treasured historic monuments.

VOV1 - Chiều nay (12/8), Ban Quản lý Vườn quốc gia Phong Nha - Kẻ Bàng tổ chức hội nghị công bố Khu du lịch cấp tỉnh Phong Nha - Kẻ Bàng.Khu du lịch cấp tỉnh Phong Nha - Kẻ Bàng có diện tích hơn 167.000ha, gồm toàn bộ diện tích Vườn quốc gia Phong Nha - Kẻ Bàng và một phần vùng đệm thuộc địa giới hành chính các xã Phong Nha, Thượng Trạch, Kim Điền, Kim Phú và Bố Trạch, tỉnh Quảng Trị (huyện Minh Hóa và huyện Bố Trạch, tỉnh Quảng Bình cũ), ngoại trừ phần vành đai biên giới.Phong Nha - Kẻ Bàng có các giá trị nổi bật về địa chất, địa mạo, hệ thống hang động, đa dạng sinh học và cảnh quan tự nhiên với khoảng 95% diện tích khu vực là rừng tự nhiên, dân số khoảng 43.500 người. Vườn Quốc gia Phong Nha - Kẻ Bàng được UNESCO công nhận là Di sản Thiên nhiên thế giới lần đầu vào năm 2003. Năm 2025, Vườn Quốc gia Phong Nha - Kẻ Bàng và Vườn Quốc gia Hin Namno được UNESCO công nhận là Di sản Thiên nhiên thế giới xuyên biên giới.Giai đoạn 2020 - 2025, Vườn quốc gia Phong Nha - Kẻ Bàng đón 3,5 triệu lượt khách, trong đó hơn 3,1 triệu lượt khách trong nước và gần 489.000 lượt khách quốc tế; Doanh thu du lịch hơn 1.300 tỉ đồng. Hiện nay, Phong Nha - Kẻ Bàng có 19 tuyến, điểm du lịch đang hoạt động. Ban Quản lý Vườn tổ chức kinh doanh du lịch sinh thái theo 3 hình thức gồm tự tổ chức, liên kết và cho thuê môi trường rừng.Sau khi sáp nhập, điều chỉnh đơn vị hành chính cấp xã, hoạt động du lịch tại một số khu vực biên giới phát sinh vướng mắc, nhất là trong việc đón khách quốc tế. Một số địa phương trước đây thu hút đông khách nước ngoài như Tân Hóa (nay thuộc xã Kim Phú), Trường Xuân (nay thuộc xã Trường Sơn), Tân Trạch (nay thuộc xã Thượng Trạch) hiện nằm trong khu vực biên giới. Việc tổ chức tour đưa khách quốc tế đến các địa bàn này phát sinh thêm thủ tục hành chính và chi phí, ảnh hưởng hiệu quả khai thác và khả năng thu hút khách.Để tháo gỡ những vướng mắc này và tạo điều kiện thuận lợi cho hoạt động du lịch, đặc biệt là đón khách quốc tế tại khu vực biên giới, UBND tỉnh Quảng Trị đã ban hành quyết định công nhận Phong Nha - Kẻ Bàng là khu du lịch cấp tỉnh. Việc công nhận khu du lịch cấp tỉnh Phong Nha - Kẻ Bàng tạo cơ sở pháp lý cho công tác tổ chức, quản lý và khai thác tài nguyên du lịch; góp phần tháo gỡ những khó khăn trong hoạt động đón khách quốc tế tại khu vực biên giới.Ông Phạm Hồng Thái, Giám đốc Ban Quản lý Vườn Quốc gia Phong Nha - Kẻ Bàng cho biết: “Chúng tôi cũng tiếp tục đa dạng hóa các sản phẩm, sẽ tham mưu tỉnh để thúc đẩy xúc tiến đầu tư và kêu gọi các nhà đầu tư đến với Phong Nha - Kẻ Bàng, giải quyết bài toán tổng hợp của khu du lịch cấp tỉnh hướng đến khu du lịch cấp quốc gia. Trên cơ sở đó từng bước hoàn thiện các điều kiện cần thiết để Phong Nha - Kẻ Bàng trở thành khu du lịch quốc gia cho đến 2030".Theo định hướng, đến năm 2030, Phong Nha - Kẻ Bàng phấn đấu trở thành trung tâm du lịch quốc gia, quốc tế; hình thành các sản phẩm đặc trưng về thám hiểm hang động, du lịch sinh thái, nghiên cứu và đủ điều kiện để được công nhận là khu du lịch quốc gia. Giai đoạn 2035 - 2050, Phong Nha - Kẻ Bàng được định hướng trở thành khu du lịch trọng điểm của Việt Nam, trung tâm du lịch mạo hiểm của Đông Nam Á và điểm đến khám phá, trải nghiệm thiên nhiên hàng đầu Việt Nam.Khu du lịch này hướng tới trở thành điểm đến du lịch hàng đầu châu Á với các sản phẩm đặc trưng về thám hiểm hang động, nghiên cứu, tìm hiểu văn hóa bản địa và di tích khảo cổ./.Thanh Hiếu/VOV Miền TrungKhu du lịch sinh thái tại Vườn Quốc gia Phong Nha - Kẻ Bàng.

Detectan tuberculosis en 34 internos de Nuevo León Unesco descarta riesgo para Calakmul por obras del Tren MayaLíbano aprueba histórica amnistía tras 35 añosMás información en nuestro podcast#grc

Kaip vyko slapta Amerikos prezidento išskraidinimo iš Turkijos operacija siekiant išvengti pasikėsinimo.Lietuvai kitų metų pirmą pusmetį rengiantis pirmininkauti Europos Sąjungos tarybai, aiškėja, kad Vilnių žiemą pasiekti bus sunkiau - vien Air Baltic naikina tris tiesioginius reisus. Ar į Vilnių bus galima atskristi greitai ir patogiai bei kiti pasirengimo būsimam pusmečiui iššūkiai.Jeigu orai leis, šiandien dalyje Europos, taip pat ir Lietuvoje, bus galima stebėti saulės užtemimą. Lietuvoje jis bus dalinis, o kai kuriose vietovėse Saulę Mėnulis užtemdys visiškai.„Aktualaus pokalbio“ rubrikoje apie atvejus, kai dėl nerimo, streso ar kitų psichikos sveikatos sutrikimų pagalbos ieškantys žmonės susiduria su kliūtimi, kai tokia konsultacija užkerta kelią įsidarbinti. Ar tokie sprendimai neskatina vengti ieškoti specialisto pagalbos?Kiek Lietuvai dar reikės laukti sprendimo dėl Vilniaus verbų rišimo tradicijos įrašymo į UNESCO nematerialaus kultūros paveldo sąrašą.Ved. Liuda Kudinova

Abren pre registro para ingresar al Bachillerato Nacional "Margarita Maza" en el Edomex tecnológico Más de 30 mil armas han sido aseguradas en MéxicoCDMX estrena plataforma digital con mapas interactivosMás información en nuestro podcast#grc

Czechia bids to host one of Europe's giant AI Gigafactories, Hantec added to South Moravian folk culture list as enthusiasts eye UNESCO recognition, Prague Pride survey highlights unknown chapters of Czech queer history, Who reads what? The surprising patterns hidden in 17 million library loans

Iniciativa deu início à sua etapa “Fronteiras” transformando a experiência das telas; sessões reúnem, na mesma sala, crianças e jovens neurodivergentes, cegos, surdos, com deficiência intelectual ou cognitiva, além de alunos da rede pública; eventos promovem convivência comunitária e acesso democrático à cultura.

O Teatro Amazonas, em Manaus (AM), e o Theatro da Paz, em Belém (PA), foram reconhecidos como patrimônio cultural do mundo.O Teatro Amazonas, em Manaus, e o Theatro da Paz, em Belém, foram inscritos na Lista de Patrimônio Mundial e Cultural da Unesco.Inaugurado em 1878, o Theatro da Paz ajudou a afirmar Belém como porto estratégico e importante centro político e econômico. Em Manaus, o Teatro Amazonas abriu as portas em 1896 e tornou-se o símbolo mais conhecido da modernização e da riqueza que redesenharam a cidade naquele período.

Assistente social Deize Lima, de Melbourne, conta como enfrentou o diagnóstico de esclerose múltipla e construiu uma rede de apoio na Austrália. Jogadores brasileiros e portugueses da Juventus e Palermo de passagem por Perth também terão de participar do Censo australiano em 11 de agosto. Passaportes pedidos nos consulados brasileiros de Lisboa, Porto e dos Estados Unidos voltarão a ser impressos no Brasil. A Ponte 25 de Abril completa 60 anos como a travessia mais movimentada sobre o rio Tejo. O Teatro Amazonas e o Theatro da Paz recebem o reconhecimento de Patrimônio Mundial Cultural da UNESCO.Assistente social Deize Lima, de Melbourne, conta como enfrentou o diagnóstico de esclerose múltipla e construiu uma rede de apoio na Austrália. Jogadores brasileiros e portugueses da Juventus e Palermo de passagem por Perth também terão de participar do Censo australiano em 11 de agosto. Passaportes pedidos nos consulados brasileiros de Lisboa, Porto e dos Estados Unidos voltarão a ser impressos no Brasil. A Ponte 25 de Abril completa 60 anos como a travessia mais movimentada sobre o rio Tejo. O Teatro Amazonas e o Theatro da Paz recebem o reconhecimento de Patrimônio Mundial Cultural da UNESCO.

A follower of the Bahá'í faith who is being held by the Iranian regime has published a vivid and shocking memoir of her time in prison. Mahvash Sabet is an award-winning educator and poet. She has been in and out of detention since 2010, suffering solitary confinement and psychological torture. Bahá'ís are Iran's largest non-Muslim religious minority and are regarded as a threat to the state. Alongside the harshness in jail, Mahvash writes about resilience and friendship. One of those she shared a prison ward with for almost a year is Nazanin Zaghari Ratcliffe - who was herself imprisoned and held hostage by the Iranian State for six years. Julie speaks to Nazanin Zaghari Ratcliffe and Bahiyyih Nakhjavani who translated the memoir Open Wide the Doors into English.In the occupied West Bank, thousands of ancient sites remain unexcavated. Israel has recently expropriated Palestinian land to develop two of them. Palestinians say archaeology is being used to deepen Israeli control of the territory. Israel says it's protecting and preserving its heritage. But a UNESCO move to add Sebastia, near Nablus, to both its World Heritage List and its List of World Heritage in Danger, has brought the dispute into sharper focus. Palestinian officials have welcomed the decision. Israel's foreign minister has condemned it as an attempt to 'change history'. Our global affairs correspondent Sebastian Usher reports from Sebastia.Until a couple of weeks ago, Emma Roberts was getting on with her life as a Quaker chaplain in Swansea. Then almost overnight, she became an internet sensation - due to her likeness to the new prime minister, Andy Burnham. She already had a social media presence on her YouTube channel Quakerology. Now she's viral on TikTok, with a new persona: 'Mandy Burnham'.Presenter: Julie Etchingham Producers: Katy Booth and James Leesley Studio Managers: Nat Stokes and Matthew Dempsey Editor: Tim Pemberton

O genocídio escravista interrompeu milhões de vidas na África. E, por meio dele, foi fundado Cabo Verde e Brasil. Nessa primeira fase de O Bom Cabral, iremos contar a história dos povos do Saara Ocidental. Esse episódio tratará do Império de Gana, uma formação multi-povos que durou do século III até o século XIII, teve uma capital do tamanho de Londres, um poderoso exército e uma organização social e engenharia avançadas. Tudo isso graças ao riquíssimo comércio transaariano.Bibliografia recomendada: Livro das Estradas e dos Reinos, Albacri(Córdoba - 1068) e História Geral da África Antiga, Volume 3(UNESCO) e História da África Ocidental (José Rivair Macedo).

Séamus Ó Tuama, Honorary Secretary at Ból Chumann na hÉireann, on calls for road bowling to be granted UNESCO cultural status.

Gamification is often reduced to points, badges, leaderboards, or a PowerPoint version of Jeopardy. The activity may be entertaining, but entertainment alone does not prepare people to perform differently when they return to work.In this episode of Lessons from Learning Leaders, I talk with Moe Ash about what meaningful gamification looks like when it is grounded in instructional design, behavioral science, and real performance needs.Moe's path into learning and development was anything but planned. Growing up in Cairo, Egypt, he struggled with public speaking and originally imagined a career with the United Nations. An unexpected experience at Model United Nations pushed him to speak in front of a room, and his later work with UNESCO gave him more opportunities to develop that ability.A chance invitation eventually brought him into training, although he quickly discovered that his real interest was behind the scenes. Moe wanted to research, create content, build systems, and design the experience rather than spend all his time delivering it. That interest eventually led him to found The Catalyst, an instructional design company specializing in gamified learning experiences, simulations, business board games, and train-the-trainer programs.Much of our conversation focuses on what gamification actually means. Moe describes it as using elements from games to encourage a learner toward a particular action, behavior, or outcome. The goal is not to make training look playful. The goal is to create a structured environment in which learners make decisions, experience consequences, solve problems, and practice something they will need to do later.We also discuss why so many learning games miss the mark. A trivia game may help participants recall information, but it rarely shows whether they can apply a process or make a sound decision. When a game rewards speed, memorization, or collecting points instead of the behavior the organization needs, the design may be working against the learning objective.Moe explains his PENTA framework for helping learning professionals move from an objective to a workable game concept. It guides designers through five areas:* Why: What should the experience help learners accomplish?* How: What mechanics, interactions, and structures will shape the game?* Story: What setting, characters, or conflict will give the experience meaning?* Experience: What will learners see, feel, and interact with?* Nudge: What will sustain participation and guide learners toward the intended behavior?We also talk about systems thinking, the role of behavioral science, and why the most important part of a learning game may be what happens after it ends. A good design gives participants a way to take the reasoning, decisions, and behaviors they practiced during the game and use them in the workplace.This conversation is a useful reminder that gamification should never begin with the question, “How can we make this more fun?” It should begin with what learners need to do differently and what kind of experience will help them get there.Connect with Moe AshVisit The Catalyst to learn more about its gamified learning experiences, board game simulations, e-learning solutions, and public programs.Connect with Moe on LinkedIn, where he regularly shares ideas about gamification, instructional design, behavioral science, and learning experience design.Read The Eureka Experience, Moe and The Catalyst's newsletter on learning design, gamification, and the realities of building learning that improves performance.Visit Moe's personal page for additional information about his work and projects.Email: info@thecatalystexperience.comShare this episode with a trainer, instructional designer, or facilitator who wants to move beyond trivia and build learning games that support real performance. Subscribe to Lessons from Learning Leaders so you do not miss the next conversation. Get full access to Lessons from Learning Leaders at lessonsfromlearningleaders.substack.com/subscribe

Germany is leading the world in classical music, with 129 state funded orchestras and recognised by UNESCO for its orchestral heritage. But, coming to study here and getting a slice of the piece can be daunting to non-Germans. Today I go through all you need to know, from visas and fees to schools and entrance exams, about the system to study and/or work as a musician in Deutschland. Grma xInline G Merch ⭐️www.Inlineg.myshopify.comInline G Patreon ⭐️www.patreon.com/TheInlineGFlutePodcastInline G will ALWAYS be free of charge, but signing up to the Patreon helps let this podcast reach new heights, if you can afford it. You'll also get to ask questions to upcoming guests as well as get early access to some episodes. Or if you'd rather not spend money, subscribing to my YouTube channel and following me on Facebook, Instagram and TikTok is a HUGE way to support the podcast. It'll cost you nothing, and it really makes a difference to the algorithm gods. So please interact however you can; like, comment, or subscribe, and help keep this podcast lit xIntro music: Rhythm=Power by Spodo Komodo. Used with permission. All rights reserved by the creator.Chapters:00:00 - The Professional Scene in Germany04:15 - Fees, Visas and Langauge09:35 - Music Colleges Across Germany and Teachers19:19 - Negatives of Germany (bread)

UNESCO:s världsarvslista är på mångas läppar och nu samlar Kvällspasset ihop lyssnarnas världsarv. Det listas smultronställen, personer och saker! Lyssna på alla avsnitt i Sveriges Radios app. Ett nyfiket och underhållande aktualitetsprogram med lyssnaren i fokus.Micke nominerar ABBA till Kvällspassets världsarvslista som tack för musiken, Bror slår hårt för att surströmmingen ska ta en plats och Gunnar tycker att ”världens vackraste häst”, dalahästen, ska rätt in på listan! Dessutom hör vi Martin som vill lyfta Sveriges kanske mest okända världsarv – Struves meridianbåge.

Η ένταξη του Ολύμπου στον Κατάλογο Παγκόσμιας Κληρονομιάς της UNESCO σηματοδοτεί μια ιστορική στιγμή για την Ελλάδα, αναδεικνύοντας τη μοναδική φυσική και πολιτιστική αξία του μυθικού βουνού. Μιλώντας στο SBS Greek, ο δήμαρχος Δίου-Ολύμπου, Βαγγέλης Γερολιόλιος, εξηγεί γιατί η διεθνής αυτή αναγνώριση αποτελεί όχι μόνο μεγάλη τιμή, αλλά και σημαντική ευθύνη για την προστασία και τη διατήρηση του Ολύμπου για τις επόμενες γενιές.

This interview is like a thick, hearty and warming Borscht - a concentrated explosion of Ukrainian character, flavour and goodness. Enjoy!----------Yevhen Klopotenko is one of Ukraine's best-known chefs- iconic, iconoclastic, original and inventive. But as a leading figure within Ukraine's resurgent culture, his interests go beyond food. Over the past decade—and especially since 2022—he has become a cultural strategist, public intellectual and practitioner of what might be called gastronomic statecraft: using food as a vehicle for national identity, historical memory, soft power and resistance to Russian imperial narratives. His successful campaign to have Ukrainian borshch recognised by UNESCO became one of the defining examples of cultural diplomacy and resistance during wartime. ----------RESTAURANTS:https://www.100rokiv.com.ua/ukhttps://www.instagram.com/100rokiv?igsh=bWZodHV2Znc2Ymtjhttps://expz.menu/a16c8955-ee3e-46c4-bcb6-dbe17edaa63ehttps://www.cultfood.info/ukLINKS:https://klopotenko.com/en/https://klopotenko.com/en/cuisine/ukrainian/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yevhen_Klopotenkohttps://www.instagram.com/klopotenko_chef/?hl=enhttps://www.youtube.com/@klopotenkochefhttps://x.com/klopotenko_chef?lang=enhttps://www.linkedin.com/in/klopotenko/----------SUPPORT THE CHANNEL:https://www.buymeacoffee.com/siliconcurtainhttps://www.patreon.com/siliconcurtainhttps://www.gofundme.com/f/scaling-up-campaign-to-fight-authoritarian-disinformation----------TRUSTED CHARITIES ON THE GROUND:Car4Ukrainehttps://car4ukraine.com/en-US/campaignsDzyga's Pawhttps://dzygaspaw.com/projectsSuperhumans - Hospital for war traumashttps://superhumans.com/en/UNBROKEN - Treatment. Prosthesis. Rehabilitation for Ukrainians in Ukrainehttps://unbroken.org.ua/Come Back Alivehttps://savelife.in.ua/en/Chefs For Ukraine - World Central Kitchenhttps://wck.org/relief/activation-chefs-for-ukraineUNITED24 - An initiative of President Zelenskyyhttps://u24.gov.ua/Serhiy Prytula Charity Foundationhttps://prytulafoundation.orgNGO “Herojam Slava”https://heroiamslava.org/----------PLATFORMS:Substack: https://substack.com/@siliconcurtainTwitter: https://twitter.com/CurtainSiliconLinkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/in/finkjonathan/Podcast: https://open.spotify.com/show/4thRZj6NO7y93zG11JMtqm----------

Beijing has been designated as the UNESCO-UIA World Capital of Architecture 2029 due to its ability to bring together one of the world's richest architectural heritages with a forward-looking vision of sustainable urban development.

Entre les inscriptions aux Monuments Historiques, les classements aux Monuments Historiques, et les inscriptions au Patrimoine Mondial de l'Humanité de l'UNESCO… Je sais pas vous, mais je trouve que c'est pas forcément évident de bien comprendre les différences entre tout ça ! Mais alors, d'où ça vient, et ces inscriptions au Patrimoine Mondial, ça consiste en quoi ? C'est ce que je vous propose de découvrir avec le cas de l'inscription des beffrois du nord de la France en 2005 ! Et pour ça, j'ai eu le plaisir de recevoir dans un nouvel entretien historique Cédric Ludwikowski, qui est spécialiste de ces beffrois et de leur histoire ! Il a été le coordinateur gestionnaire de cette inscription au Patrimoine Mondial, et il est depuis chargé de mission au sein de l'Association Beffrois du Patrimoine mondial. C'est donc l'homme de la situation pour nous éclairer sur tout ça ! Bonne écoute !➤ Pour aller plus loin, découvrez :➜ La page de l'UNESCO dédiée aux beffrois : https://whc.unesco.org/fr/list/943/) ➜ Le livre “Les Beffrois du nord de la France” écrit par Cédric : https://www.amazon.fr/Beffrois-du-nord-France-Collectif/dp/2737365341➜ Le site des Beffrois du Patrimoine Mondial : https://beffrois.com/

A temporada 2026 do Fronteiras Invisíveis do Futebol, o podcast de História que você ama, é um oferecimento exclusivo @petlovebrasilAcompanhamos a trajetória do Grão-Pará, passando pela Cabanagem, os dois ciclos da borracha e a recém inclusão do Theatro da Paz na lista de Patrimônio Cultural da Humanidade da UNESCO!Tudo com muita leveza, cultura e informação, além do desenvolvimento do futebol no estado brasileiro que tem o clássico mais disputado do Planeta Bola.E na coluna O Livro, o nosso amigo Ubiratan Leal conta a história de um clube paraense ligado à comunidade japonesa da região norte do Brasil. Compartilhe e divulgue nosso retorno!Use o cupom XADREZVERBAL50 para ter 50% de desconto no primeiro mês do plano de saúde do seu pet na Petlove!*Exceto Plano Leve. Promoção por tempo limitado. Oferta válida para clientes com Plano de Saúde e Clube Petlove ativos, em produtos selecionados do Programa de Benefícios de Medicamentos. O cupom pode ser desativado sem aviso prévio conforme disponibilidade. Não acumulativo com outras promoções. Consulte a disponibilidade na sua região. Mais informações no site da Petlove. 

Teaching Artistry Podcast goes live! In this special episode, Courtney J. Boddie records in front of a live audience! Courtney is joined by Australian activist, artist, scholar, educator, and change maker Dr. Rachael Jacobs for a deeply personal and thought-provoking conversation about teaching artistry, justice, collective action, and the role of artists in shaping a more equitable future. Together they explore: What it means to move from "saving" communities to listening alongside them Decolonizing arts education and community practice Why artists belong in positions of political leadership Coalition building as a strategy for systemic change The relationship between arts, advocacy, and public policy The importance of joy as both a creative practice and a form of resistance How teaching artists can imagine and actively build the world they want to live in Rachael shares stories from her work with refugee communities, her experiences as a South Asian artist in Australia, and even her campaign challenging Australia's Prime Minister in Parliament. Throughout the conversation, Courtney and Rachael invite listeners to think beyond incremental change and consider how artists can become powerful bridge-builders in increasingly polarized times. This live recording also features a welcome from Jean Taylor, an opening performance of the Teaching Artistry Podcast theme song by Jono Waldman, and reflections from the audience. This is Part One of a two-part live conversation. Be sure to listen to Act Two, where audience questions continue the dialogue about justice, creativity, and moving the field forward together. Guest Dr. Rachael Jacobs is an Associate Professor in Creative Arts Education at Western Sydney University and a former secondary teacher (Dance, Drama and Music) and Arts specialist. Her research interests include cultural diversity in the teacher workforce, racial justice through the arts, assessment for creativity and language development through the arts. Her PhD was on creativity assessment, leading to changes in curriculum and assessment in Senior Secondary education in Australia. Rachael has facilitated arts projects in community settings all over Australia, including in refugee communities, in prisons and in women's refuges. In 2016 she co-wrote an arts education report for the OECD that contributed to Sustainable Development Goal 4: Quality Education. In 2020 she contributed to UNESCO's Futures of Education Initiative, co-authoring a report on artists' depictions of the future of education. Rachael has written two textbooks for educators on Arts Education. Rachael is a community activist, a freelance writer, aerial arts instructor, dancer and choreographer. She was a founding member of the community activism group, Teachers for Refugees and runs her own intercultural dance company in Sydney. Rachael is a climate activist and is on the board of advocacy group, Sweltering Cities. She is also on the board of youth theatre company, PYT Fairfield. She is active as an anti-racism and human rights campaigner, and runs anti-racism programs through the arts in NSW schools. Rachael additionally facilitates DEI (diversity, equity and inclusion) education programs, specialising in designing bespoke programs for the arts and community sectors. Special Thanks Special thanks to our live audience, creative producer Jonathan Zautner, and Jono Waldman for writing and performing the Teaching Artistry Podcast theme song live. Key Themes: Teaching Artistry, Arts Education, Community Arts, Social Justice, Decolonization, Collective Action, Arts Advocacy, Refugee Advocacy, Creativity & Democracy, Joy as Resistance, Cultural Leadership, Equity, Live Podcast

Lately, a new framework has been creeping into AI boosterism: "harm reduction," or "responsible use." Education technology scholar dr. sava saheli singh joins Alex and Emily to unpack narratives around automation inevitability in the classroom. Spoiler alert: they're not actually "reducing harm" to students at all!An interdisciplinary scholar and filmmaker, sava is currently working on a research project examining secondary school teachers' experiences of genAI use, and making a film about the future of AI in education. Her speculative short film series on the harms of surveillance technology is available at screeningsurveillance.com.References:"Harm Reduction: A Strategy to Mitigate the Risks of AI"Also referenced: MAIHT3k newsletter, "How to talk about 'AI' without adding to the anthropomorphization"UNESCO "AI competency framework for students"Fresh AI Hell:Hallucination rebranded as "critical confabulation""Pennsylvania Board of Medicine Alleges Unlawful Practice of Medicine by an AI Chatbot""Google's smart home AI will be able to use clothing to identify people""Medicare AI program made them suffer in pain. Now they want answers""Why do these Castro gay bars have TSA-style face scanners?""County With 37 Data Centers Asks Schools to 'Conserve Electricity'"Palate cleanser: "Florida AG sues OpenAI, seeks to hold CEO Altman personally liable"Palate cleanser: "Norway imposes near ban on AI in elementary school"Check out future streams on Twitch. Meanwhile, send us any AI Hell you see.Find our book The AI Con here, and MAIHT3k merch here.Subscribe to our newsletter via Buttondown.Follow us!EmilyBluesky: emilymbender.bsky.socialMastodon: dair-community.social/@EmilyMBenderAlexBluesky: alexhanna.bsky.socialMastodon: dair-community.social/@alexTwitter: @alexhannaMusic by Toby Menon.Artwork by Naomi Pleasure-Park. Production by Ozzy Llinas Goodman.

Ukrainian drones have been striking warehouses belonging to Russia's online retailer Wildberries. Ukrainian officials say the company provides Russian forces with drone components and navigation equipment; but the Wildberries' CEO rejects the claim. Also, Ireland has introduced a public register of people convicted of serious domestic violence offenses, following a four-year campaign by the family of a murdered Dublin woman. And, climbers mourn the death of the first Omani woman to summit Mount Everest. Plus, the Slovakian town that wants to get rid of its UNESCO designation. Learn about your ad choices: dovetail.prx.org/ad-choices

Escuela militarizada de Durango dejará atrás el modelo castrense Aeropuerto de Caracas reanudará operaciones tras los terremotosEl Día de la Pachamama recuerda la importancia de cuidar el planetaMás información en nuestro podcast#grc

The French President, Emmanuel Macron, has promised to commit every available resource to contain the flames from the raging wildfires. In Spain, the prime minister, Pedro Sanchez, has warned of difficult times ahead with temperatures forecast to hit forty Celsius from Tuesday. Also, the United Nations body which fights AIDS has said the world risks a resurgence of ‌the HIV epidemic due to funding cuts. President Trump has told reporters that the US is in "very deep talks with Iran" but that he would be ready for "strong military action" if diplomacy failed. In Kenya, activists launch a high-profile legal case which claims hazardous pesticides and herbicides that are meant to make farming more efficient have been harming people's health. Gianni Infantino, the head of football's world governing body, FIFA, has told critics of his handling of several high-profile controversies at the recent men's World Cup that they had missed the joy and togetherness experienced by millions of fans. And the UN cultural organisation, UNESCO, has unusually awarded World Heritage status to a battle ground: the Normandy beaches used for the D-Day landings in 1944.The Global News Podcast brings you the breaking news you need to hear, as it happens. Listen for the latest headlines and current affairs from around the world. Politics, economics, climate, business, technology, health – we cover it all with expert analysis and insight. Get the news that matters, delivered twice a day on weekdays and daily at weekends, plus special bonus episodes reacting to urgent breaking stories. Follow or subscribe now and never miss a moment. Get in touch: globalpodcast@bbc.co.uk Photo: A Military Emergencies Unit (UME) worker carries a hose during a wildfire in San Martin de Valdeiglesias, Madrid, Spain, July 26, 2026. Credit: REUTERS/Ana Beltran

In Episode 366 of District of Conservation, Gabriella discusses Okefenokee Swamp becoming a UNESCO World Heritage Site and Oregon Initiative Petition 28 failing to make the November ballot. Tune in!SHOW NOTESVideo: Save Okefenokee Swamp From UNESCO ControlDear UNESCO: Hands Off Okefenokee SwampAP: The Okefenokee is about to be honored, but some locals aren't celebratingUNESCO WHS 2026 CommitteeUNESCO Okefenokee AnnouncementOkefenokee Swamp Elevated to UNESCO World Heritage SiteOregon ballot measure that would have criminalized hunting and fishing fails to qualify for vote

We made it to the final stop on this summer's Around the World with Busy Kids Love Music tour — and what a destination to end on. The Philippines is an archipelago of more than 7,000 islands in Southeast Asia, home to over 110 million people speaking more than 180 languages and dialects. Its folk music is not one tradition — it is many, layered on top of each other over thousands of years: ancient bronze gong ensembles from the highlands and the southern islands, rice harvest chants recognized by UNESCO, Spanish-influenced string ensemble music that became entirely its own thing, and love songs that carried a secret message of resistance hidden in plain sight. In this finale episode, we explore both sides of Philippine folk music — the indigenous traditions that survived centuries of Spanish colonization, and the hybrid traditions that grew from the meeting of Filipino and Spanish culture. And woven through it all is a theme that has appeared at every stop on this summer's tour: music as the keeper of identity, the carrier of what people are not always free to say out loud. What We Cover in This Episode The Philippines' geography, history, and extraordinary cultural diversity — 7,000+ islands, 180+ languages, indigenous peoples alongside centuries of colonial influence Spanish colonial rule (1565–1898) and how it reshaped lowland Filipino culture while leaving highland and southern communities largely intact The kulintang — a row of bronze gongs played in ensemble by the Maranao and Maguindanao peoples of Mindanao and the Sulu Archipelago The gangsa tradition of the Kalinga people of the Cordillera highlands — flat bronze gongs played communally, one gong per player The hudhud — a form of epic chanted poetry sung by Ifugao women during rice harvests and funerals, recognized by UNESCO as an Intangible Cultural Heritage The rondalla — a Spanish-derived plucked string ensemble that became the sound of Filipino fiestas and community celebrations The harana — a traditional serenade tradition with Spanish roots that developed its own Filipino character, now a disappearing tradition being actively preserved The kundiman — Filipino love songs from the late 19th and early 20th centuries that carried hidden messages of patriotism and longing for independence under colonial rule How Filipino-American communities across the United States are keeping these traditions alive today Free Downloads for This Episode

Oulu, Finland has a reputation for doing winter differently, and after talking with local guides Minna and Marika, we get why. This northern seaside city isn't just “survivable” in the cold, it's designed for real life outdoors, from maintained winter bike routes to sea ice adventures and sauna culture that turns warming up into a daily ritual. If you're planning Finland travel and want a city that blends nature, culture, and practical design, Oulu belongs on your shortlist. Oulu region tourist guides:https://www.oulunseudunoppaat.fi/en/home/O is for Organic, Oxygen, Oulu, and OrganizationEssential Oxygen Helps you Minimize and Organize by reducing the amount of cleaning products needed in your home or travel bags.EssentialOxygen.com use code ROAM10 to get 10% off of your orderOulu as European capital of culture 2026:https://oulu2026.eu/en/City of Oulu:https://www.ouka.fi/enAir Guitar World Championships in Oulu (since 1996):https://airguitarworldchampionships.com/en/home/The Sami museum, Siida, that Rory and Alexa visited in Inari:https://siida.fi/en/Finnish architect couple Alvar and Aino Aalto -> swimming pools in CAL -> Nike sneakers:Finnish architect Alvar Aalto inspires newly-released Nike sneaker | Yle News | Aalto designs for UNESCO world heritage list:See Alvar Aalto's works that just gained Unesco World Heritage status | Yle News | YleAlvar's MIT dormitory that he designed:Finnisharchitecture.fi | Baker HouseAlso mentioned on this episode:A is for AIrbnb Alexa's Organic Tea Company: VegabondTeas.comM is for MinimalismThe One Minute Cure: https://amzn.to/4bj6lkNWe share our own quick-hit impressions, including the market hall area, canals, bridges, and that cozy “mini Helsinki” feel, then we go deeper with local insight. We talk about what to do in Oulu in winter and summer: Northern Lights tours with dinner by an open fire, snowshoeing, kick sledding, skiing routes, ice fishing on the Baltic Sea, and even ice-hole winter swimming. When the days stretch long, Oulu opens up into beach time at Nallikari, kayaking, stand-up paddleboarding, and easy ways to explore the city's islands and waterfront. Culture matters here too. We dig into museums, theater, ice hockey, and Oulu's role in showcasing Sami culture, plus the fun, slightly wild spirit that produces the Air Guitar World Championships for world peace. We wrap by connecting our “roam to home” theme to our sponsor, Essential Oxygen, and why we like their simple, travel-friendly oral care and multi-use cleaning approach. If this sparks your next trip planning or your next home reset, subscribe, share the show with a friend, and leave a review so more travelers can find us.Wanna hit the road? Get 10% OFF your own roadsurfer adventure!https://link.roadsurfer.com/roamiesCODE: ROAMIES10And it means the world to us when you subscribe, rate and share our podcast.Alexa and RoryThe ROAMiesFollow us at:http://www.TheROAMies.com@The ROAMies: Facebook and Instagram YouTube and X.

Welcome to Art is Awesome, the show where we talk with an artist or art worker with a connection to the San Francisco Bay Area.  Today, Emily chats with Jonathon Keats — conceptual artist, experimental philosopher, and writer based in San Francisco. He has sold his thoughts, copyrighted his brain, choreographed a ballet for honeybees, and written six books. He contributes to Art in America, Popular Science, and Wired, and has exhibited at LACMA and Modernism Gallery SF. Jonathon discusses Centuries of the Bristlecone, an 11-foot-tall dual pendulum clock on permanent display at the Nevada Museum of Art in Reno. The clock, created in partnership with the Long Now Foundation, tells both atomic time and arboreal time — time as experienced by ancient bristlecone pine trees that can live up to 5,000 years. The project took over a decade to realize, with clockmakers Phil Abernathy and Brittany Cox. About Artist Jonathon Keats: Jonathon Keats is an artist, writer and experimental philosopher. His conceptually-driven transdisciplinary projects explore all aspects of society, adapting methods from the sciences and the humanities. He has exhibited and lectured at dozens of institutions worldwide, from the Los Angeles County Museum of Art to Stanford University to the Triennale di Milano, and from SXSW to CERN to UNESCO. He is the author of six books on subjects ranging from science and technology to art and design – most recently You Belong to the Universe: Buckminster Fuller and the Future, published by Oxford University Press – and is the author of a weekly online art and design column for Forbes. He has been an artist-in residence at the Fraunhofer Institute for Building Physics, UC Berkeley's Sagehen Creek Field Station, and the LACMA Art + Technology Lab, a Black Mountain College Legacy Fellow at the University of North Carolina-Asheville, an Imaginary Fellow at Arizona State University's Center for Science and the Imagination, and a Research Fellow at the Nevada Museum of Art's Center for Art + Environment. He is currently a research associate at the University of Arizona's Desert Laboratory on Tumamoc Hill, a visiting scholar at San Jose State University's CADRE Laboratory for New Media, a research fellow at the Highland Institute, a consulting philosopher at Earth Law Center, a Polar Lab artist at the Anchorage Museum, a Flux Exchange Artist at Flux Projects, and an artist-in-residence at Hyundai, the SETI Institute, and UC San Francisco's Memory and Aging Center. He co-directs the Center for Climate-Adapted Heritage Cuisine and serves as curatorial director of the Museum of Future History. For more from Jonathon:   Nevada Museum of Art – Centuries of the Bristlecone Jonathon Keats at the Long Now New York Times: In the Fastest-Warming CIty in the US, These Artists See Hope -- About Podcast Host Emily Wilson: Emily a writer in San Francisco, with work in outlets including Hyperallergic, Artforum, 48 Hills, the Daily Beast, California Magazine, Latino USA, and Women's Media Center. She often writes about the arts. For years, she taught adults getting their high school diplomas at City College of San Francisco. Follow Emily on Instagram: @PureEWil Follow Art Is Awesome on Instagram: @ArtIsAwesome_Podcast -- CREDITS: Art Is Awesome is Hosted, Created & Executive Produced by Emily Wilson.  Theme Music "Loopster" Courtesy of Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 4.0 License The Podcast is Co-Produced, Developed & Edited by Charlene Goto of @GoToProductions.  For more info, visit Go-ToProductions.com Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Professor Dame Mary Beard reveals the 2026 Booker longlist and how she has found the process of being Chair of the judges.British contemporary pop artist Philip Colbert's latest installation has just been unveiled amidst the historic ruins of Pompeii. Philip talks to Samira Ahmed about being inspired by an ancient mosaic featuring a lobster, a symbol he frequently includes in his work, and how he adapted his process for the UNESCO heritage site.Hollywood actor Bill Pullman, known as the fictional US President Whitmore in Independence Day, Meg Ryan's spurned beau in Sleepless in Seattle and many more roles, is currently appearing at the RSC in Stratford in a production of Chekhov's The Cherry Orchard. He talks with Samira about his work on stage in the UK and the US, his favourite film roles and why he feels uniquely qualified to be playing Gayev in this production.As reports say that around half of all new music uploaded to streamers is made with A.I., music economist Will Page discusses what this means for the music industry and for listeners who may not know that they're listening to something that wasn't made by a real person.Presenter: Samira Ahmed Producer: Andrea Kidd

At least 50 soldiers have been killed in the latest attack in Mali as insecurity mounts in the country. The ambush took place near the northern town of Anefis and is one of the deadliest to occur in years. The attack has been claimed by Tuareg separatists and Al-Qaeda linked jihadists. The ambush has raised several questions about Mali's military strategy and playbook after the country ended cooperation with western allies and deepened ties with Russia.And do you know about the historic Gnaoua genre of music from Morocco? This music is one of UNESCO's Intangible Cultural Heritage traditions. It developed in Morocco from the 16th and 17th centuries and is rooted in the history and spiritual practices of sub-Saharan African populations brought to the region via the trans-Saharan slave trade.Presenter: Nkechi Ogbonna Producers: Bella Twine and Blessing Aderogba Senior Producers: Caroline Mwangi and Charles Gitonga Technical Producer: Maxwell Onyango Editors: Rhoda Odhiambo and Maryam Abdalla

A two-part look at the power of Ukrainian civil society: Part 1: The generational conflict which toppled a general. Part 2: How war is shaping Ukrainians' relationship with the state. Plus, a German surrogacy scandal, France cashes in on the US academic exodus, the military history of carrier pigeons, AI music fakes and unwanted UNESCO status. ++https://matseilertsen.bandcamp.com/++?maca=en-podcast_inside-europe-949-xml-mrss

7Sees is a researcher and host of “This Week on the Web” on Ickonic. He lays out the technocratic plan for enslavement that was gaining popularity during the early 1930s, in part due to the influence of Elon Musk's grandfather. The Technocracy movement was a century ahead of its time, as Aldous Huxley described in the 1932 classic Brave New World. His brother Julian headed the British Eugenics Society and founded the World Wildlife Fund and UNESCO. This new batch of technocrats were incubated at Stanford, Harvard, and In-Q-Tel, financed on Sand Hill Road, then groomed at Bilderberg, Aspen Institute, and the CFR. Their coordinated pivot to AI, and the companies involved in artificial intelligence, is terrifying.Guest: 7Sees | https://x.com/7SEES_---Macroaggressionswww.Macroaggressions.ioMerch StoreLink Tree Video ChannelsRumble | YouTube | BrighteonActivist PostNewsletter Sign UpAudiobooksHypocrazyThe Octopus of Global ControlSupport Our SponsorsReplace Your Mortgage: www.WipeOutYourMortgageNow.comGround Luxe Grounding MatsC60 Power | Promo Code: MACROChemical Free Body | Promo Code: MACROWise Wolf Gold & SilverLegalShield: www.DontGetPushedAround.comChristian Yordanov's Health ProgramThe Dollar VigilanteNesa's Hemp | Promo Code: MACROAugason Farms