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Last time we spoke about the beginning of Operation Ichi-Go, the war in the Burma front and the war in New Guinea. Hundreds of thousands of IJA troops stormed countless areas in China. Chiang Kai-Shek was caught somewhat with his pants down, his best men were in Burma, there was little his defenders could do against such raw power. Xuchang fell and soon the Japanese were marching upon Luoyang. Over in Burma the British, Indian, American and Chinese alliance was continuing to both attack and defend. In the north Stilwell led the offensive, while Slim led the defensive in the south. The Chindits fought like lions to defend White City, but ultimately would give up strongholds to seek out new ones. Over in New Guinea the Japanese continued their frantic retreat under heavy pressure from the Australians. As bad as the situation was, the Japanese were in for another nasty surprise in Green Hell. This episode is the invasion of Western New Guinea Welcome to the Pacific War Podcast Week by Week, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about world war two? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on world war two and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel you can find a few videos all the way from the Opium Wars of the 1800's until the end of the Pacific War in 1945.  Last week we saw the effective conclusion of the Eastern New Guinea Campaign. It was a colossal campaign beginning with the Australian defense along the Kokoda Track, then the blood battle of Buna-Gona, the drive upon Lae-Salamaua, the march north upon the Huon Peninsula and Finisterres, and after taking Madang it was finally over. Yet while the book was closing upon Eastern New Guinea, the book on Western New Guinea was just about to be opened.  The pace of the offensive against the Japanese in New Guinea accelerated greatly in the first half of 1944. This was primarily because General MacArthur feared unless he made quick progress he would lose the reins over where the allies would drive upon the Japanese home islands. MacArthur of course sought to advance upon the Philippines, while the Joint Chiefs favored the Navy's central thrust more so. Despite MacArthur's continuous war against his colleagues and superiors and his continuous complaining he lacked support, he had been provided the means to carry out numerous amphibious assaults that could lead to his ultimate goal. MacArthur's operations against New Britain, Saidor, Los Negros and Manus clearly indicated allied superiority over the Japanese in terms of men, ships and airpower. By April of 1944, MacArthur had nearly 750,000 men under his command. His major components were 6 US infantry divisions, one cavalry division, 3 separate regiment combat teams and 3 special brigades. The Australians were gradually being relegated into a secondary role, but could still provide 5 additional divisions and enough separate brigades to form another 2 divisions. General Kenney's air force had grown so large, they could now mount 200 aircraft raids against a variety of targets with little fear of Japanese retaliation. What MacArthur needed was more and more forward airfields so he could hurl fighters and bombers deeper into the Japanese inner perimeter. In a lot of respects, the Japanese position in New Guinea was all but hopeless. Although they still had more than 350,000 troops in the Southwest Pacific area, many were isolated with little chance of receiving reinforcements or supplies. There was also an enormous amount of confusion amongst the various commands, made difficult by enormous distance and the lack of effective naval power. Overall command of Japanese forces as far as Wewak was technically under Lt General Fusataro Tshima, whose HQ was at Manokwari on the Vogelkop Peninsula. It was Tshima who ordered General Adachi to withdraw his 18th Army over to the Hollandia area. Fortunately for MacArthur, Adachi procrastinated heavily, believing a landing would be made at Hansa Bay. All of the heavy bombing by the 5th air force against the coast near Wewak supported his beliefs. Not too long ago we spoke about Operations Reckless and Persecution, the invasion of Hollandia and Aitape. Admiral Barbey had already departed the staging points and rendezvous northwest of Manus Island by April 20th. The large convoys sailed west from the Admiralty Islands until dusk, whence they turned southwest towards Hollandia. Admiral Mitscher's Task Force 58 was providing escort while also launching strikes against Wakde, Sarmi and Sentani airfields on April 21st. Over the next three days the carrier aircraft neutralized the remaining airpower in the Wakde-Sarmi area. Early on the 22nd, the two task forces separated, with the Persecution Task Force heading southeast towards Aitape and the rest, designated Reckless Task Force, proceeded to a point 20 miles offshore between Humboldt and Tanahmerah Bay. Now the allied troops were ready to hit the beaches, but awaiting them was a large concentration of Japanese…however it was mostly a concentration of Japanese personnel rather than combat troops. While initial attention was focussed on the Geelvink Bay area, the 2nd Area Army command was also concerned over the weak condition of the defenses of Hollandia, which lay just east of the 140th meridian in the 8th Area Army zone of responsibility. An order to dispatch an element of the 36th Division to that sector was issued but was quickly revoked on the ground that it would weaken the defenses of Geelvink Bay without appreciably strengthening Hollandia. A large section of the New Guinea coast between Wewak and Sarmi thus remained practically undefended. General Anami promptly dispatched a staff mission to 8th Area Army headquarters at Rabaul to press for reinforcement of the Hollandia area, and a similar recommendation was communicated to Imperial General Headquarters during December. Two battalions of the 6th South Seas Detachment, temporarily stationed on Palau, were dispatched by the High Command. This force arrived in Hollandia on March 4, but numbered only 240 men, since approximately 1000 men, including the detachment commander, had been lost en route to submarine attacks. No other action was taken, however, since both 8th Area Army and 18th Army, after the loss of Finschhafen, were more immediately concerned with checking further enemy penetration of the Dampier Strait region. Thus roughly 10,000 IJA and 1000 IJN personnel were at Hollandia, most support units led by Major-General Kitazono Toyozo and aviation units from General Inada's 6th air division. When Tsihima ordered Adachi over to the Hollandia area and he procrastinated, this prompted the leader of the 2nd Area Army, General Korechika Anami over at Davao to become concerned. Anami sent his chief of staff over to Wewak to convince Adachi to pull out, but when Adachi finally began withdrawing, he only had two regiment on the trail by the time of the American landings against Hollandia and Aitape. Major General Toyozo Kitazono only arrived in the area 10 days before the invasion and for an unexplained reason never officially took command. This is why Tshima's appointed air officers, Inada ended up being thrown the command. Inada only really had 500 effective combat troops, mostly from the 6th South Seas Detachment. These units belonged to General Anami Korechika's 2nd Area Army, which had been transferred recently from Manchuria to oversee the defense of the eastern Dutch East Indies and western New Guinea, and for the projected and later canceled invasion of northern Australia. Random note, I recently made a Youtube short mocking that canceled australian invasion on my youtube channel, it was a wild idea. Thus Anami's command was now formally around the 2nd, 18th and 19th armies. Lt General Kitano Kenzo's 19th Army had been garrisoning Timor, the Lesser Sunda Islands, Sumbawa, the Banda Sea Islands and some key points in Northwestern New Guinea with their HQ located at Ambon. Lt General Tshima Fusutaro's 2nd Army as I had mentioned was assigned overall defense of Western New Guinea, with Lt General Tagami Hachiro's 36th Division landing at Sarmi and Biak in early March and Lt General Ikeda Shunkichi's 35th Division preparing to come to Manokwari. The 14th Division originally part of the 2nd Army was diverted to defender Palau. Furthermore, to further support  the 2nd Area Army was Vice-Admiral Endo Yoshikazu's 9th Fleet, three southern expeditionary fleets, and the 7th Air Division of Lt General Sudo Einosuke. At Hollandia, the headquarters of Admiral Endo and Generals Kitazono and Inada had arrived at the same time by mid April. Though General Adachi had placed Kitazono in formal command of all units there, the transport commander had no time, as to develop a comprehensive defense plan for Hollandia, thus as I previously mentioned, command really fell onto Inada and Endo. The Japanese would be woefully unprepared for what was to come.  Over at Aitape, meanwhile, there were only a handful of replacements from the 20th Division, along with some naval and support personnel, so the situation looked even wrose for the 1000-man garrison. Preceding the amphibious assaults, Admiral Crutchley's surface fleet was going shell the Tanahmerah Bay area while Admiral Mitscher's carrier planes bombed the waters off the Tanahmerah beaches to explode possible mines, also finishing off the Hollandia airstrips and the remaining aircraft there.  Crutchley's warships picked up their landmarks through the mist as best they could, and at 6sm the roar of 8-inch guns from the heavy cruisers HMAS Australia and HMAS Shropshire shattered the silence of the steaming tropical morning. To this din was added the sharper crack of 5-inch and 4.7-inch weapons from American and Australian destroyers. The fire continued until 6:45, by which time 600 rounds of 8-inch and 1,500 rounds of 5-inch and 4.7-inch ammunition had been expended. As for the aerial strikes, despite the unfavorable weather, Task Force 58 managed to maintain planes on air alert over the Hollandia area since dawn. No enemy aircraft flew up from the Hollandia fields, and the few apparently operational planes sighted on those strips were strafed. In general there were no indications that Japanese defenses or defenders existed in the Tanahmerah Bay area. Task Force 58's scheduled bombing and strafing missions for that region were therefore canceled. Meeting little opposition, LCVP's carrying the first wave of the 19th and 21st Regiment approached Red Beach 2. As the leading wave of LCVP's, approached RED Beach 2, which was obscured by smoke from the naval bombardment, a rocket barrage was laid on the landing area by one Seventh Fleet LCI and two landing craft,, of the 542nd Engineer Boat and Shore Regiment. Machine guns mounted aboard the leading LCVP's kept up a steady fire against the beach. There was no answer from the Japanese, and the only opposition to the landing was scattered small arms and light automatic weapons fire from points far on the flanks of the beach and from a small island in Tanahmerah Bay. This fire was so quickly silenced by supporting destroyers that the assault waves suffered no casualties before reaching shore. Thus tactical surprise was achieved in Tanahmerah Bay, as the Japanese had only a few lookouts in the sector. General Irving's 24th Division successfully landed and the 3rd Battalion, 19th Infantry, quickly secured the northern portion of the beachhead and immediately dispatched patrols east and north to probe suspected enemy positions. The 1st Battalion, following the 3rd ashore, went into an assembly area to act as local reserve and to make ready to aid in unloading supplies at the water's edge if that proved necessary. The 2nd Battalion, 21st Infantry, took the southern half of Red Beach 2 with similar ease. The 3rd Battalion of that regiment quickly followed the 2nd ashore and sent Company I south to look for the trail expected to connect with Red Beach 1 at Dépapré. Simultaneously, LVT's carrying Lt Colonel Thomas Cliffords 1st battalion, 21st Regiment crossed coral barrier reefs on their way to Red Beach 1. Cliffords men landed completely unopposed and would spend an hour trying to locate the road leading to Lake Sentani and her airfields. Clifford left A Company at the beach while the rest trekked it over the  Dépapré-Lake Sentani trail at 8:37am, still encountering no enemy opposition whatsoever.Moving through fire lanes down which no bullets flew and past pillboxes in early stages of construction, the battalion column reached the village of Mariboe at 1047 hours. Only a few scattered enemy rifle shots had been encountered during this march and the village was secured without opposition. Over three miles by trail inland from Dépapré, Mariboe was the 24th Division's first inland objective. It was evident from scattered Japanese equipment in and around Mariboe that the Japanese had recently evacuated the village not long before the 1st Battalion's arrival. Colonel Clifford  halted his men. Since radio communication with the division command post on Red Beach 2 had been lost, he sent messengers back over the tortuous trail to report progress to General Irving. At the same time patrols were sent toward Kantomé, nearly two miles southeast of Mariboe. They reported few signs of enemy activity along the trail beyond Mariboe. Colonel Clifford apparently did not wait to re-establish contact with higher headquarters but, acting on his patrols' reports, ordered the battalion to push on. Encountering little opposition along the main trail, the unit reached Kantomé about noon. When Irving arrived to Red Beach 2 at 9;30am, he found a major logistical problem had formed at his main beachhead. Behind the narrow beach, a wide, impassable swamp was discover, it covered most of the area that the men had planned to use for the bivouac and supply dump area. Thus supplies soon began to pile up on the beach. This was an especially serious circumstance, for the landing plans had called for moving almost all troops and supplies overland from Red Beach 2 to the road inland. Construction of a road between the two beaches was soon found impracticable and when, after a day and a half of hard work, engineers had succeeded in driving a few yards of road into the hills south toward Red Beach 1, the project was discontinued. The small completed stretch did serve some useful purpose. On D-Day two batteries of 105-mm. howitzers were dragged along the road as far as possible to a cramped position on a little ridge immediately south of Red Beach 2. From this site the howitzers could deliver some fire support for troops advancing inland from Red Beach 1, but the direction of this fire was limited by a number of hills nearby. The same stretch of road also provided dispersal space for a few of the many vehicles which had been unloaded at Red Beach 2 on D-Day. Additionally, a limited dispersal area, rendered inaccessible by a small stream and by an arm of the swamp, was discovered at the northern edge of the beach, and ultimately the 542nd Engineer Boat and Shore Regiment constructed a road into this space. Artillery, ashore within an hour after the initial landing, was emplaced there to deliver fire on inland targets. But the fill used to build this road stopped the flow of the little stream which had drained the swamp into Tanahmerah Bay. To prevent a rise in the swamp's water level, a drainage canal was cut directly through the center of the beach. This procedure speeded the outward flow of swamp water, lowered the water level a little, and created a small additional dry area behind the beach, but it did not provide sufficient dry land for dispersal of all the troops and supplies scheduled to land on Red Beach 2. Eventually Irvings men found some dry flat dispersal areas behind the beach, allowing the supply shuttles to continue their work uncongested. Colonel Cliffords battalion would make the main thrust for the division while the remainder of Colonel Charles Lyman's 21st Regiment moved over to Red Beach 1. Colonel Clifford possessed little or no knowledge of the situation to the rear other than the difficulties presented by terrain. Ahead, 10,000 Japanese were thought to be concentrated around the airfields. Jangkena was on flat, swampy ground and was not an easily defensible position. Should the 1st Battalion push on to Dazai, also on flat ground, Japanese troops might outflank the unit, cut its line of communications to Dépapré, and destroy it at leisure. If the Japanese bypassed the battalion they could cut off the advance of the rest of the 21st Infantry at any one of the many defiles over the first two or three miles of the trail inland from Dépapré. Colonel Clifford therefore decided to pull his men back to Kantomé for the night, leaving only outposts along the trail east of that village. Kantomé was located near the foot of the Takari Hills, which he thought would present a serious obstacle to any Japanese flanking maneuvers. It was a fortunate decision, as around midnight elements of the 22nd Airfield Battalion had advanced overland around his 1st battalions outposts, striking at their left flank. Meanwhile, General Heavey's landing craft carrying the leading waves of the 162nd and 186th Regiments, supported by rocket fire and by Rear-Admiral Russell Berkey's cruisers, likewise met no Japanese resistance as they landed General Fuller's troops on the White Beaches. Company A of Colonel Harold Haney's 162nd Regiment rapidly secured Cape Pie while Company I of Colonel Oliver Newman's 186th Regiment secured Cape Tjeweri. With Jautefa Bay in hand, Newman's 3rd Battalion was then landed on White Beach 4 in preparation for an advance towards Leimok Hill and Pim. The first objective, Leimok Hill, lay 1,800 yards northwest of Pim. Part of the battalion secured the hill by 1000, and other elements advanced southward toward Pim. That village and its usable jetty were secured, against light opposition, by 1645, while Suikerbrood Hill, on Jautefa Bay south of Pim, was cleared by 1800. The danger that enemy troops atop dominating heights near Pim might make White Beach 4 untenable was over. The 3rd Battalion then established a night perimeter at Pim, extending its defenses along a trail leading west from that village to the point at which the Pim-Hollandia track joined the main road inland to Lake Sentani, thus securing the roadhead from which movements to inland objectives had to begin. Over at White Beach 1, Haney's 3rd Battalion advanced quickly to take Pancake Hill at around 8am, only meeting sporadic rifle fire. After taking the hill, they began pushing up the shores of Humboldt Bay, encountering no resistance as they advanced upon Jarremoh Hill. It seemed clear to the Americans, the Japanese had been taken by complete surprise, not expecting an amphibious assault against Hollandia so quickly, so they had pulled back to the Sentani Lake Airfield sector. Now further south, Haney's 2nd Battalion were advancing to a track that connected Hollandia with Pim, trying to make contact with the 3rd Battalion over at Jarremoh Hill. Meanwhile Newman's 1st Batallion was advancing upon Leimok Hill. Though the men wanted to keep pushing towards Hollandia during the late afternoon, Fuller decided to dig in for the night while warships and artillery softened up the city. When General Anami over at his HQ in Manado heard of the invasion he immediately ordered the 23rd Air Flotilla of Rear-Admiral Ito Yoshiaki to toss whatever he could against the allied surface ships and force along the beaches. He also ordered the 18th army to break through Aitape to rush over and help the Hollandia garrison and for General Tshima to dispatch a regiment force as well to Hollandia. Thus General Tagami got his 224th regiment together for the advance to Hollandia, expecting to get there for early May, while General Nakai's 20th Division continued to close in on Aitape. Anami also wanted to send the main part of the 36th Division to perform a counterattack in Hollandia's direction as he thought it vitally important to delay the enemy as much as possible so a better defense of Western New Guinea could be organized. Yet General Terauchi Hisaichi of the Southern Army declined his request to do so on the basis a counteroffensive would simply denude the already weakened defenses of Western New Guinea. Meanwhile General Doe's Persecution Task Force was carrying out their landing against Aitape. The landings would be preceded by naval gunfire from Captain Albert Noble's Destroyer force, aerial bombardment from escort carriers of Rear Admiral Ralph Davisons Task Force 78 and from General Kenney's air force. Meeting zero resistance and under the cover of a rocket barrage, the LCPR's landed the men of Colonel Francis Mason's 163rd Regiment by 6:45. Despite the lack of resistance, an immense amount of smoke and poor visibility prevented the troops from landing at Beach Blue, and instead they came ashore at Wapil. Just like at Hollandia, they had achieved tactical surprise at Aitape as the Japanese fled in a panic under naval gunfire. Mason's got his 2nd Battalion to swing west and quickly seize the Waitanan Creek while the 1st battalion was being landed. Then the 2nd Battalion formed a defensive position at the Pro Mission while the 3rd Battalion sent patrols east to establish an outpost near the mouth of the Nigia River. Back over at the beaches, General Doe landed some Australian engineers who began repairing the Tadji Fighter airstrip. The No. 62 Works Wing, Royal Australian Air Force, had come ashore at Blue Beach during the morning and had been able to start work on Tadji Fighter Strip at 1:00pm. Repairs continued throughout the night under floodlights, the lack of Japanese opposition and the urgency of the task prompting General Doe to push the work. Although it had been hoped that the strip would be ready for use on D+1, terrain conditions were such that necessary repairs were not completed on schedule. Thus it was 9:00 on April 24th before the Australian engineers, who had worked without break for almost forty-eight hours, could announce that the airstrip was ready. At 4:30pm, 25 P-40s of No. 78 Wing, RAAF, landed on the field, and the balance of the wing arrived the next day. The ground on which the fighter strip was located was so poorly drained that it was not until April 28th, after steel matting had been placed on the field, that it could be used continuously. The works wing then moved to Tadji Bomber Strip to aid the 872nd and 875th Engineer Aviation Battalions. The latter two units passed to the operational control of Wing Commander William A. C. Dale of the RAAF, who, besides commanding the works wing, was Persecution Task Force Engineer. Extensive repairs were necessary at the bomber strip and that field was not ready for use by fighter and transport planes until May 27th and for bombers until early July. While the engineers worked, Colonel Merle Howe's 127th Regiment also landed, while Mason's man expanded the perimeter further west, securing the incomplete Tadji west airstrip and the mouth of the Raihu River by the end of the day. Simultaneously, Colonel Cliffords men continued their advance from Kantomé to Sabron, whereupon, Fuller finally decided to launch his assault on Hollandia, with Colonel Haney's 2nd and 3rd Battalions rapidly moving down the ridge to seize the abandoned town by 11:15am. To the south, Colonel Newman had his 1st Battalion pursue the fleeing enemy, and in the process rapidly secured Brinkman's Plantation and then repelled a very uncoordinated Japanese counterattackby the 6th South Seas Detachment and General Kitazono's 42nd independent motor car battalion. At 8:00am on the23rd the 1st Battalion left its night positions on Leimok Hill and started out over the main track, passing through the 3rd Battalion. The movement was supported by the 205th and 218th Field Artillery Battalions, set up near Cape Pie, and by aircraft from the carriers of Task Force 58. By 9am the 1st Battalion had reached Brinkman's Plantation, about 2,200 yards by trail southwest of Pim. So far, there had been no opposition. Now Companies A and C parted from the main body to patrol northwest up the Borgonjie River. Proceeding to a fork about 2,000 yards upstream, the two companies repulsed a series of unco-ordinated attacks which were launched against the right flank of the 186th Infantry during the afternoon by a Japanese force estimated at 150. The two companies remained at the stream-branching during the night of 23-24 of April, and on the latter day they moved overland southwest to rejoin the main force on the Pim-Lake Sentani trail. Meanwhile General Inada's aviation personnel already at the Sentani airfield alongside those currently retreating there were cut off from their ration and ammunition supplies which happened to be stored near the coast. Facing the hopeless situation of having to conduct a proper defense of the airfields with less than a week's worth of rations, little small arms and machine gun ammunition, no artillery at all and with two different enemy forces converging upon them, General Inada seized full command and led the weak garrison to retreat towards Genjem. Their rear guard was proved by General Kitazono's troops. During that same afternoon, two platoons of Cliffords Company B, leading the advance from Sabron, safely crossed a small stream but soon found themselves in the middle of a well-concealed Japanese ambush on the east bank. Rifle and heavy machine gun fire made the stream's steep banks untenable, and the forward platoons hurriedly withdrew to the west, leaving four dead men behind. In response to this, Irvings artillery and Admiral Mitscher's carrier aircraft began to bomb and strafe the area, but Cliffords B Company was nonetheless unable to break through. An artillery duel emerged during the night keeping the men of the 1st Battalion wide awake. They were also being supplies with great difficulty via hand-carry over the Dépapré-Lake Sentani trail. Fortunately the 24th Division's plans for the Hollandia operation had taken into consideration many of the potential logistic problems that might be encountered in the Tanahmerah Bay area. The division G-4 Section had made a detailed study which had shown that a full infantry regiment could be supplied by hand-carry from Red Beach 2 over the Dépapré-Lake Sentani trail inland as far as Jangkena. When no road connecting Red Beach 2 with Red Beach 1 had been found, the division moved the main supply point to Dépapré, from which the advance inland would be supported. With this change in plans, the G-4 Section undertook new computations and calculated that the hand-carry distance could be extended to Dazai. This conclusion was based on the assumption that adverse weather conditions would not make the Dépapré-Lake Sentani road nearly impassable. On 23 April heavy rains started to turn the road into a quagmire through which struggling men could scarcely carry their own equipment and food, to say nothing of extra supplies for the leading battalion. By evening on that day logistic support of the 21st Regiment had therefore become a major problem. There was no question but that the regiment would have to be supported by hand-carry, for it was estimated that at least two weeks' hard work by engineers would be required before the road from Dépapré as far as Mariboe could be made passable even for jeeps. But the 1st Battalion had already advanced east of Dazai, beyond which point, according to the G-4 estimates, support by hand-carry would be next to impossible. Because of the logistical issues, General Eichelberger decided to make the Humboldt Bay area the principal task force landing site, allowing the 41st division to drive further inland. On the 24th, Newman's 3rd Battalion passed through the 1st and seized the Koejaboe area, only stopping there until the 2nd battalion came over to reinforce the continued advance. During this action however, most of the Japanese continued their retreat towards Genjem unmolested. Over in the west, Irving ordered Clifford to consolidate his forward positions around Sabron and Dazai as he now realized the continued rapid advance inland was no long possible as a result of their hand-carry logistics scheme and the weather was taking quite a turn for the worse hampering air drops. Back over at Aitape, Mason's troops crossed the Raihu and by midday the 2nd Battalion secured the town. However General Doe was dissatisfied with the pace of the westward advance, and he therefore suggested to Alamo Force that the 163rd's commander, Mason be relieved. This step was approved by General Krueger, although the regimental commander remained in control of his unit until 9 May, only two days before the 163rd Infantry began loading for another operation. For the next few days, the 163rd patrolled further inland and would fall into a heavy engagement at Kamti on the 29th. At the Kapoam villages, about twelve miles up the Raihu, elements of the 3rd Battalion encountered the only signs of organized Japanese resistance found in the Aitape area to 4 May. At one of these villages, Kamti, some outpost troops of the 3rd Battalion were surrounded by an estimated 200 Japanese who made a number of harassing attacks on 28 and 29th. These skirmishes cost the battalion 3 men killed and 2 wounded, while it was estimated that the Japanese lost about 90 killed. On the 25th, Colonel Lymann's two forward battalion resumed their march, heading through some dense jungle being met by sporadic enemy small arm fire. They eventually dug in around the vicinity of Julianadorp. Meanwhile Colonel Newman had his 3rd battalion advancing west along the main road to Nefaar while some LVT's transported his 1st battalion over Lake Sentani to a point on the western shore of Nefaar. Neither force faced much opposition and together would perform some patrolling of the Cyclops Drome during the afternoon. Back over at Aitape, Colonel Howe's 127th Regiment finished their occupation of Tumleo, Seleo and the Ali Islands and now were beginning to send patrols east towards Afua. On the 26th, Colonel Newman had his 1st Battalion seize the Cyclops Drome while his 2nd Battalion took some LVTS to capture the Sentani Drome. Shortly after midday both Battalions rapidly secured the airdromes under light enemy resistance. Despite a serious supply situation, Lyman's 1st and 3rd Battalion resumed the advance, only encountering one enemy bunker at Ebeli Plantation. It had been impossible to drop supplies from the air on April 25 and even hand-carrying had been stopped late in the afternoon by heavy rains which had flooded many small streams. Parts of the Dépapré-Lake Sentani trail were now knee deep in water. The two forward battalions were low on ammunition, and they would have to go on half-rations if the supply situation were not quickly improved. But General Irving was again optimistic about the weather, believing that air supply would be successful on the 26th. Furthermore, he had received information which indicated that the Japanese were evacuating the airfield area. For these reasons he considered that a continuation of the advance would not be unduly hazardous. In ordering the advance, the division commander was knowingly pushing his men far beyond the limit at which they could be supplied by hand-carry. If the airdrop should again fail or if track conditions should not improve, one of the two forward battalions would probably have to be echeloned back along the trail to augment the carrying parties, and the advance would probably have to be halted. Should enemy opposition prove stubborn, the forward battalions might have to withdraw, perhaps as far as Dazai, to replenish their meager supplies of rations and ammunition. General Irving was taking a calculated risk which assumed the success of the airdrop and an absence of determined Japanese opposition. By the afternoon of the 26th, the Hollandia Drome was secured after a successful airdrop at Dazai. After this the objectives of Reckless had been achieved. Mop up operation would continue up until June 6th, as Fuller's 41st Division cleared out Cape Soedja and the Cyclops Mountain. They would end up flushing out Japanese on Hill 1000 and Irving's 24th Division sent out patrols west towards Marneda, Demta Bay and Gemjem. By 6 June the they had all killed 405 Japanese and had taken 64 prisoners in the Genjem-Demta region. Many more Japanese were found dead of starvation or disease along the trails in the same area. During the same time period, Eichelberger's task force would develop Hollandia into a major base from which future operations would be support. In the end casualties for Operation Reckless amounted to 124 deaths, 1057 wounded and 28 missing for the Americans. The Japanese suffered 3300 deaths, 661 captured. On April 30th, 7220 Japanese from Hollandia's garrison would assemble at Genjem where General Inada began a gradual withdrawal in 11 echelons towards Sarmi. By May 7th, all echelons departed Genjem for a very long march through some of the worst terrain in New Guinea. Two-thirds of the garrison reached the Tor River by June. It's estimated 93% of their strength would succumb to the deadly jungles, lack of provisions and rampant cases of malaria. Meanwhile to secure the Tadji airstrips against Japanese attacks from the direction of Wewak, Colonel Howe sent Company C by boat to Nyaparake on April 28th where they set up outposts further inland around Charov and Jalup. By May 4th, further patrolling by the 127th regiment had discovered no trace of organized enemy units, thus Operation Persecution was successfully completed. During the operation 525 Japanese were killed, 25 were captured while the Americans suffered 19 deaths and 40 wounded. That is all for the New Guinea front as we are now traveling over to New Britain. After the Battle of Talasea and the area was secured, Colonel Smith reached the conclusion that the enemy was withdrawing as rapidly as possible to Cape Hoskins. He decided to send patrols to Numundo Plantation. A reconnaissance patrol on March 10th found enemy positions at Bola and Santa Monica Plantation evacuated, but came upon entrenched enemy at Garilli. On 11th Captain Andrew Haldane's Company K left Bitokara with orders to proceed to Numundo on a three-day patrol, a time estimate that was to prove too optimistic. Company K reached Garilli to find it empty of the enemy, but just north of Patanga encountered Japanese small-arms, automatic-weapons and mortar fire. For four days the Marine patrol made slow progress, fighting an enemy who made a stand in the heavy vegetation approximately every 200 yards and then withdrew effectively before the advance guard flankers could close in. On the evening of the 16th the company entered Kilu where the Japanese made their final stand. While the two forces battled, a Marine landing craft appeared offshore and as it approached the beach the enemy diverted what apparently was a 75mm field gun from the ground action to the "naval force". In the boat was Lieutenant Colonel Deakin who had obtained permission from Colonel Smith to transport a section of 81mm mortars to Captain Haldane's assistance. Although the Japanese bracketed the craft, they failed to hit it and the weapons were landed without casualties. Shortly after the heavy mortars began lobbing shells toward the enemy, the Japanese broke contact and the Marines reached Numundo 48 hours later without finding the Terunuma Detachment again. The 1st Battalion also set up an ambush at Garu which was productive of enemy dead and prisoners for awhile. Company I replaced Company K at Numundo and in turn was replaced on 25 March by the 2nd Battalion. Inasmuch as the enemy continued to straggle eastward singly and in small groups with little or no communications, patrols were kept busy returning over and over again to the same villages and plantations in hopes of catching unwary Japanese. Such hopes frequently paid off. On the 30th the 2nd Battalion moved southeast from Numundo to San Remo Plantation, described by one Marine as "a very pleasant place." From that point patrols probed westward to the Kulu River and eastward into the Cape Hoskins area as far as Buluma. Overall the patrols saw 3 men killed with 8 wounded while accounting for 151 Japanese killed and 68 taken prisoner. Meanwhile, Matsuda, Komori and Terunuma;s Detachments all were performing withdrawals. Komori dispatched his force to the rendezvous point in successive echelons. He himself left Didmop with the rear guard, back on February 28th, reaching Augitni via Vakan on March 1st. The following morning he started his hospital patients along the evacuation route and sent a detail of 250 men to Bulawatni to help transport provisions. Yet the Marines at Iboki were becoming increasingly troublesome, though quite unaware that they faced anything more than starving stragglers. When Company A, 1st Marines entered Talawaga on the 5th, Colonel Sato felt the hot breath of pursuit on his neck and moved to the trail fork where he assumed command of the combined force. The next morning the Komori Group resumed its withdrawal in a northwesterly direction along the right prong of the trail fork, while Sato prepared to follow with his command on the 7th. At this point the ways of these two officers parted, and thenceforth each pursued his individual course toward the destiny that awaited him. On the 6th the Komori Group, with Major Tobuse's 1st Battalion, 141st Infantry in the lead, covered 16 km's on the trail running northeast from the fork toward the coast to reach what the Japanese called the "North Road." After the first day on the trail, Komori's progress becomes difficult to follow, owing to his use of place names occurring in no other reports or maps. It was slow and difficult at best, because of rain and mud, and the necessity for wide detours to find fords through deep streams and safe passages through or around extensive swamps. His immediate force numbered about 200, and on March 8th he recorded the Tobuse Battalion a half-day's march ahead. He sighted occasional enemy reconnaissance planes, and on the 12th U.S. landing craft fired upon his men as they attempted to cross the Kuhu River, obliging them to take to the jungle and swamps. The broad Via River stopped his force on the 14th. When improvised rafts refused to float, the major and 15 others swam across. The rest, through weakness or timidity, declined to follow this excellent example, and it took two days and a wide detour inland to get the whole group to the right bank. Then, on the 17th, provisions ran out. Thus the weakening men came by painful stages to Kometto (Eleanora Bay) and the welcome coconuts of Linga Linga Plantation on the 21st. But the wide Kapuluk River posed a formidable obstacle to further progress. They tried first to swim the Kapuluk near its mouth, but 18 men of the 2nd Company were swept away and 12 of them drowned, only the captain reaching the far bank safely. A patrol far upstream failed to find any fording point, so the troops spent the rest of the day building rafts. These managed to stay afloat, but broke apart so frequently that another two days were required for the passage. Then came the real heartbreaker on the 24th: they reached Kou only to find the provisioning post evacuated. On the 25th an officer patrol encountered a U.S. patrol, and once more the group had to detour. On the 26th Komori hired a native to guide him to Numundo Plantation, at the eastern base of the Willaumez Peninsula. But evidently the man had a change of heart, for the major recorded next day that, lacking a guide, "we advanced using a compass." They now entered a region of extensive swamps, intersected by another major obstacle: the two-pronged Kulu river. The column got across this stream on the 27th, but lost five more men in the swift current. The survivors emerged from the swamps on the 29th and followed the river southward. On the 31st Komori made his final diary entry, eloquent in its stark simplicity: "We are very tired and without food." Apparently at this point malaria laid the major low. Ordering his men to continue toward Cape Hoskins, he took refuge in a native village, accompanied only by his executive officer, his orderly and a corporal attached to his headquarters. For lack of further diary entries, obscurity shrouds the last week of his life. Most of the Japanese forces reached Malalia by the end of March, but Marine patrols were becoming increasingly troublesome. On the 11th, elements of the 1st Marines landed at Linga Linga, patrolling further inland. Company E landed at the Kulu River mouth at the base of Willaumez Peninsula. There the Marines encountered 4 enemy stragglers, killing three and taking one prisoner. Then they moved westward to Kandoka, where they were joined by two platoons of Company F, brought over by boat. There they established a roadblock, just in time to catch Sato's rear echelon. Second Lieutenant Richard B. Watkins was in command of the trail block. At 9am Watkins led his group inland from the village over some faint trails which he hoped the Japanese main body might be using. The Marines had proceeded about a mile and a half and were about to cross a stream in a sparsely wooded area when they sighted two Japanese standing with slung rifles, apparently resting. Watkins had about decided to dispose of these when they moved off in a northeasterly direction, followed almost immediately by a large body of their compatriots. Lying where the Japanese could easily have spotted them, the Marines counted the 73 enemy soldiers and noted the equipment cited above. Conspicuous among them was a tall, burly officer being carried on a litter. The Japanese were cutting fresh trail through the jungle, and fortunately were too intent on their work to discover the patrol. They made excruciatingly slow progress, however, and Watkins did not dare to move until the last man had disappeared. He then returned with all speed to Kandoka, sending a runner ahead with his report. At the village he met Major Brush who had come over from Yaluiai with one squad on what he had intended as merely a routine inspection. He promptly radioed his command post to send a rifle platoon and a 60mm mortar section to the scene and ordered Watkins to hold the trail block with one rifle squad, one machine-gun squad and two mortar squads while he himself set off with the rest of the troops available in an effort to overtake the Japanese from the rear. Before his own departure that morning, Watkins had sent a six-man patrol under Sergeant Frank Chliek to an inland village some two miles south of Kandoka, right where the Japanese appeared to be heading. The lieutenant promptly dispatched a native messenger there with a warning; then, when firing broke out in that direction, he surmised, correctly, that Chliek had become engaged and took the remaining rifle squad and hurried to his assistance. He arrived to find the sergeant and his men crouched on high ground by the east-west trail with dead Japanese all around them. The volume of fire was intense, the pattern not at all clear. As it turned out, Chliek had stumbled upon the column somewhere near its head and, taking advantage of his superior position, immediately opened fire. Major Brush's force, which had been closing rapidly, was on the opposite side of the valley at this time; hence, at sound of the first shots, had hastened to the scene and struck the Japanese column's other flank. In order to avoid becoming involved in a fire fight with that group, Watkins ordered Chliek's patrol back to Kandoka and followed with his own squad at a slower pace. Brush caught up with him shortly, whereat a counting of heads showed that, miraculously, the Marines had not sustained a single casualty. Here is the aftermath as Watkins recalls it: “On the following morning I took a 20 man patrol through the battle area. We counted 55 dead including 3 officers. It was quite easy to believe that perhaps 20 more died in scattered positions throughout the dense underbrush. The dead were all within a 100 yard stretch of trail. We encountered 2 more Japanese who had evidently just come upon the scene who were sitting side by side staring dazedly at the destruction and did not even turn their heads when we approached.” The burly officer previously observed on a litter proved to be Colonel Sato. Evidently Sergeant Chliek's patrol had struck the enemy column at precisely the point where he was being carried, for the colonel had only had time to leap to his feet and draw his sword to fight back before the Marines' fire riddled him. Seeing their leader fall, those Japanese farther forward took off in mad flight, while those behind were cut off by the converging of the two patrols. Thus perished one of the few Japanese to deserve much credit for the performance of the 65th Brigade on New Britain. Although the rear echelon attacked by the two patrols comprised less than half of Sato's total force, the group, as such, ceased to exist with the death of the leader who alone had held it together. Units split into components, these into smaller parties, straggling eastward over a variety of trails, often hacking their own way by compass azimuth.  Throughout April, the 17th Division continued their retreat towards Rabaul, managed to repel multiple marine patrol attacks around Cape Hoskins. General Sakai's survivors finally got to Rabaul between April 16th and May 15th, erecting the last bulwark of defense for the South Pacific. On April 6th, the journey of another Japanese commander came to an end. The body of the already deceased Major Komori was captured at the San Remo Plantation by the 2nd Battalion, 5th marines. They came upon the outpost, suddenly face to face with a group of four bedraggled Japanese. It was one of those abrupt encounters that allow little time for reflection or deliberation. The flurry of fire that followed killed three of the enemy and wounded the fourth, who promptly surrendered. Komori had apparently died of malaria along the way.  For the 5th Marines, too, was nearing its journey's end, so far as New Britain was concerned. With promotion of the regimental commander, Lieutenant Colonel Buse took over on an acting basis, and General Smith returned to Cape Gloucester to relieve General Shepherd as Assistant Division Commander. Units attached to the regiment followed, and representatives of the Army's 185th Infantry arrived to inspect positions preparatory to replacing the 5th, just as other 40th Infantry Division elements were doing in the Cape Gloucester area with a view toward relieving the entire 1st Marine Division. Last clash of the campaign occurred onthe 22nd of April, when a 2/5 patrol intercepted a party of Japanese, killing 20, including two officers, and suffering the regiment's last fatality on New Britain. Three days later the whole 185th RCT moved into Talasea and San Remo, and at 1530 command of the area formally passed to the Army. LCM's carrying the 1st and 3rd Battalions back to Borgen Bay cleared Talasea at 1630, followed by those carrying 2/5 from San Remo at 2000. The movement was reported complete at 1930 on the 26th, and men of the 5th learned that the 1st Marines had departed this island of evil memory the previous day and that they would follow as ships became available. Soon they would be relieved by Major-General Isaac Rapp Brush's 40th Division, which took responsibility for Cape Gloucester, Arawe and Talasea by the end of April.  I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. Thus Operation Reckless and Persecution were both successful. Now MacArthur had a strong foothold in Western New Guinea seeing the Japanese continued their frantic retreat wherever allied forces seemed to pop up. Over in New Britain, the Japanese were losing formidable commanders as they too were on the retreat, things were simply disastrous for the empire of the rising sun. 

In this episode, Jahed and Martin talked with David Casey, the Founder and CEO of Resource Network. Trained in political economy, David spent nearly a decade thinking about how to build local, mutually supported communities in the real world. He is a co-founder of Numundo, a network of ecovillages, intentional communities, permaculture farms and retreat centers. That experience informs his current work on Resource Network, a marketplace and ecosystem that is using blockchain technologies to bring mutual credit onchain. We talk about the history of complimentary currencies, how they worked before blockchain, and why the composability of web3 solves some challenges that historically limited the ability of mutual credit to scale. In doing so, we dive deep into Resource Network as a case study in decentralized finance. We hope you enjoy the episode. Here are the show notes: Resource Network White Paper - https://resource-network.gitbook.io/resource-technical/01-resource-finance/readme CIP36 vs ERC 20 - https://re-source.medium.com/a-mutual-credit-erc20-cip-for-celo-62c04492dcde Complementary Currencies: Mutual Credit Currency Systems and the Challenge of Globalization - https://sites.duke.edu/djepapers/files/2016/10/Lascelles.pdf Mutual Credit Systems and the Commons Problem: Why Community Currency Systems such as LETS Need Not Collapse Under Opportunistic Behaviour - https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/50162121/ijccr-vol-5-2001-4-schraven-with-cover-page-v2.pdf?Expires=1652420883&Signature=WSbRPS8Qgc1SZP6k0pcz~v6tn3cfB8O8yqeSBF0EykIp76q-S~FVbyhL49uTvNUVJrQ9ZJBCs1QUeI0gzwuUfawRukHPp~czHRbobhvelpopWvPuuFvhT7cEiiryGz~cjeEe19MVN9Uc2mqfKXWEoy4HI9g2mI769eYVbduttSKIKD6JSIhLpADgTPZWWs1tm1wntaf5argGMZ~kuWMkRmdm3GQulOyRGQmEMwFeY23LoAFGdf1GsynpQ8noqkxRmS0CXiaCaMjINkaFz7OEp2hDTQonBuq8iHyywevXT-HQPNva9cfPxguzZKcEQCqeKisa9PYBqfRiczseXPSsEQ__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA

In this week's episode, we revisit a past episode with Sarah Wu (@villagewitch.sarahwu) who is a passionate educational curator, facilitator, and mentor dedicated to adult learners of all backgrounds. A representative for Mother Nature as a writer and teacher of Deep Ecology, Therapeutic Ecology, and whole systems design through the lens of Herbalism and Permaculture. Sarah Wu has 20 years studying the science, art, and craft of Planetary Eclectic Herbal Medicine. Her foundation is in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Wise Woman Tradition, actively practicing clinical herbalism in the Neo-Tropics for 10 years. With 25 and counting, 75+hour Permaculture Design Courses in her portfolio, Sarah teaches full length and specialized Permaculture courses and workshops tailored to community dynamics, event production, and holistic health. Sarah is the friendly Village Witch, co-founder, and producer of Envision Festival, where she curates the educational offerings and founded the unique Herbal First Aid Clinic Training. She founded and produced Medicines from the Edge: A Tropical Herbal Convergence, dedicated to bridging the eclectic healing traditions of Latin America, produced the Permaculture Plaza and Village Witches at the Oregon Eclipse, is a regular faculty member at the Punta Mona Center for Regenerative Design & Botanical Studies, is a faculty member of the Permaculture Women's Guild and a regular contributor to organizations such as NuMundo and United Plant Savers. She has studied with numerous leaders in the Western Herbalism renaissance and has worked in relief efforts in Guatemala and at Natural Doctor's International on the island of Omatepe, Nicaragua. Join our Patreon to support the show and get BONUS secret episodes! What we chat about: What is deep ecology? How to connect to the soil and pay reverence to its great mysteries Communicating with the land, the earth, and the seeds How to compost to give back to the earth Going from an industrial mindset to a sustainable and ecological one Permaculture as the answer to the world's problems Tapping into your eco-witch Learn more about Sarah's work here! Special thanks to our sponsors! CLARYTI CLARYTI is the complete zero waste home cleaning solution made with all-natural ingredients provided by Mother Nature. Founded and created by Nixie Marie. Raise the vibes of your home with CLARYTI! Tribe love: Intro music created by Deya Dova www.deyadova.com Mid-roll & Outro Music created by Saritah IG @saritahmusic FB saritah.official SPOTIFY https://open.spotify.com/artist/6uY5fL10UMBGn5d03v6eKN?si=hv1T5XQGRTGTlA8fdriLHA www.saritah.com Podcast Production by Ease of Mind Co. info@easeofmind.co https://www.easeofmind.co/

Welcome to Volume 2 of my Season 1 recap series. In this episode, we're going to review some of the advice we've been given about hosting guests, volunteers, and students.     Hosting is a hot topic for many new landowners as welcoming in volunteers is an enticing way to get much-needed help building foundational infrastructure. For many new landowners, it also fulfills a desire for social connection and a sense of community. When done well, hosting guests as volunteers, apprentices, students, tourists, farm-stay guests, or curious neighbors can bring an enriching element of cultural interaction, personal growth, and prosperity to your project.   Suzanna Leff, from Finca Amrta, has been hosting volunteers for over 30 years. At first, she was reluctant to host but opened up to it with some experimentation. Suzanna's personality and love of new experiences have brought her to treasure the interactions that her program has to offer both her and her guests. She gets to stay home tending her garden while the world comes to her.     She helps people to explore and harness their passions, and that practice has helped her meet her needs and live a long and happy life by the riverside. She gets to share what she's learned with others while continuing to learn from them in return. Suzanna's suggestion is to integrate guests into as many aspects of farm life as is comfortable for you to do so. It enriches the guest's experience and, if done well, can yield greater returns than you've originally invested.    Finca Amrta hosts guests for a reasonably low rate, giving them board, access to the beautiful riverside property, and ample food provisions for them to prepare in the community kitchen. In return, her guests help out around the homestead 4 hours a day, 5 days a week, and Suzanna is often right out there alongside them.   She explains that the most authentic teaching happens when everyone is working together. Being in the present moment is very satisfying. It gives her a chance to check in with volunteers regularly. Passing conversations can help keep spirits strong and minimizes build-ups of tension, misunderstanding, or stress.   Identifying unhappy volunteers and exploring where their passions lie can reap unimagined benefits and value. Suzanna believes in redirecting volunteers toward tasks that maximize their individual skills and passion. She even encourages people to sing while they work!     In her interview and the farm tour video that we did with her, she tells a story of transforming a person's experience from resistance (aka suffering) into joy and a lasting expression of beauty. One guest who initially hated their experience ended up painting a beautiful mural on the community kitchen's wall. My friends, that's impact!   I asked her secret for getting good volunteer administrators to help manage some of the program's responsibilities. First, she says we must train ourselves to get better at teaching others. That's something worth saying twice.  If we want to succeed at leveraging our time so that we have more time to do the things we truly love, we need to take the time to train ourselves and become better at teaching others to do what needs to be done. This is not a quick tip; this is a life path choice. It's one that has given Suzanna the freedom to live the life she desires.     This principle applies to anyone wanting to become an entrepreneur of any kind.  Take the time to learn and practice communication and project management skills early.  It'll be worth the effort.     Suzanna's found the majority of her best admins by offering the opportunity to paying volunteers who've shown the right qualities needed. When people contact her asking for a full work-trade opportunity — and she suspects that they might be a good fit for the position — she invites them to first come out and volunteer for a month. If they fit the role, they can take the full work trade for the months that follow.   One resource that Suzanna shared that's worth re-mentioning is volunteerlatinamerica.com. It's one of several useful sites for landowners to find volunteers, and vice versa. Other sites I've found useful are Numundo.com, Workaway.info, Wwwoof.com & HelpX.com.   Suzanna mentioned something else that I wanted to address, that despite the more common message, people often survive snake bites. She said this about her encounter with the well-known terciopelo, a pit-viper common to Central America. She was bitten and survived.     My point for mentioning this isn't to discount the fact that many people die from snake bites — especially those of terciopelos.     My point is to highlight points of reference and patterns of belief. One of the reasons this topic excites me so much is my background as a traveler, having visited many different places as a volunteer. I learned a lot over those years, but what was more valuable is what I unlearned. To this day, unlearning things and breaking negative or incorrect thought patterns continues to be one of my favorite undertakings. It's challenging and requires working with subtle aspects of the mind, but the rewards are empowering.   One of my favorite things to see, with any of my guests' experiences, is when they find themselves transcending a previously held taboo. For most of us, our childhoods are filled with programming meant to keep us behaving suitably for the comfort of those around us. It's actually a very useful skill to teach our children and helps them to integrate into wider society.     But I also believe it's important to teach them how to let go of “rules” once they've learned them. It can be tricky to do this while still feeling like we're giving proper guidance. All the same, teaching others how to understand the difference between absolute concepts and contemplations is critical to growing healthy humans who can stand free from the entrapments of social programming. It can even be valuable to practice freeing ourselves from our own rules as a form of self-examination.   Honestly, I'm not sure how far to go on with this here, but I just wanted to put it out there that dangerous things are worth recognizing as dangerous things. Likewise, treating dangerous situations appropriately is a skill worth learning. However, we don't need to use the potential for danger as a lever to believe that “badness” is sure to come from those thing's very existence.     Sometimes, dangerous things exist, and that's okay. Navigating the mystery skillfully involves moving forward with a sense of openness, as well as awareness. Poisonous snakes, scorpions, spiders, rabid bats, bacteria, viruses, and scary humans exist.  Welcome to planet Earth. It's important to be able to identify and avoid these potential hazards or approach them with caution. Places, where these things are likely to exist, are likewise important to know about and prompt us to proceed with caution.     Allowing fear of these things to keep us from having life-enriching experiences, on the other hand, is a tendency we would do well to challenge.  Many times the best way to meet that challenge is head-on. Even if you get bitten, you just may go on to be a happy, healthy human. Who knows, you might even go on to one day tell a story about how you're better off for it.     While hosting volunteers was a particular focus of Suzanna's interview, most of my other guests also host people in one way or another as part of their programs. Aly Kahn & Alnoor Ladha from Brave Earth creatively responded to change by swapping from a no-volunteer-program decision to making exceptions when ramping up and preparing for a retreat.     Otherwise, they did effectively harness guest labor to help build their aircrete domes during a workshop where guests paid to learn the process. These guys didn't even need to know how to make one, they just called DomeGaia to come by and teach the workshop for them. Brave Earth only needed to take care of the hosting and marketing.Justin Dolan of St Michael's Permaculture Country Club and Meghan Casey of Chilamate Rainforest Eco Retreat both shared similar insights about looking for organizations that work with student groups who might be looking for new places to host their programs.  Meghan has found success working with the World Leadership School.    Personally, I'd suggest reaching out to any of your local university's ecologically focused departments or programs. A campaign like that could not only bring students, money, and exposure to your project, but networking with these organizations can develop into long-term perennial relationships that can benefit your project for years to come.   Like Ancel Mitchel of Talamanca Chocolate, both Justin and Meghan mention the benefits of putting together long-term apprenticeship or intern programs. This experience tends to be more meaningful for both the project and the student. They also offer opportunities for deep learning beyond what's generally taught during a 1-2-week event, such as a Permaculture Design Course.   Nico Botefur of Essence Arenal shared a lot of great advice around hosting guests. When getting started, he saved some money in a way that's added value to his guests' visits ever since. He bought some old canvas tents from the Salvation Army and hung them over bamboo frames to make his first Glamping accommodations. By purchasing several of them used and having them shipped over he saved a bunch of money while recycling what had been discarded by the military. Nico believes that giving your guests a quality experience is the best investment you can make in marketing. He builds strong relationships with his staff and has a way of making them feel like part of a team. As a result, the staff have a way of welcoming guests that feels akin to being welcomed into their home.   Another touch that had an impact on me was a drone image he had taken of his farm, illustrating pathways and other notable spots around the property. That image was then blown up, laminated, and hung near the reception area to help visitors get an instant sense of orientation upon arriving. That one, small thing goes a long way toward enhancing the guests' experiences and reducing the staff's need to give repetitive directions regarding trails and other points of interest.    In my opinion, one of Nico's most profound adaptations came in his early days when he wanted to serve good quality food in an area where it was difficult and expensive to get locally. He solved this problem by taking a Permaculture Design Course and growing his present-day food forests and greenhouses.  The video that we took of Nico's food forests is definitely worth checking out. Lynx Guimond, at Sailcargo Inc, is no longer hosting guests, volunteers, or students.  The volunteer-run education program that they were teaching to people in the pueblo got shut down with the onset of the pandemic, but that just led them to pivot and find funding to pay those they were able to keep on board with the project. Lynx used his connections with their non-profit organization to help earn funding and reshape the program.  As a result, he's ended up with a more dedicated and loyal crew.   Lynx shares his perspective that healthy and happy people are high-quality assets. Take the time to check in with guests, volunteers, and team members to make sure that they have a chance to be heard, if not helped. Like Suzanna, he suggests that we ask people what they want to do and offer variety with their service. Gaining a point of reference for rural living is a life-enriching opportunity worth giving to oneself, let alone a valuable tool to offer others. Staying at places like this as a guest, retreatant, student, or volunteer brings value to people's lives. Many people who have visited places like this as workshop students, apprentices, or volunteers have developed marketable skills that have changed the direction of their lives. As we discussed in the last episode on financial sustainability, it's essential for the longevity of a project to recognize this value and charge accordingly.     If hosting guests in any form interests you, make a list of unique experiences that your guests can experience. Add it to your welcome guide to help them see the site with this expanded point of reference. When designing your welcome guide, include things like: Links to video tours of the property, showing trailheads and harvestable food A photo gallery of animals, birds, insects, and flowers that they might find around the place A Guest Book where they can read and add to a collection of meaningful testimonials and reviews from those who've come before them   If you really want to improve a guest's experience though, It's perhaps even more important to work on your communication and other interpersonal skills. You can have a lot to offer, but if your approach doesn't put their experience first, you'll lose out in the end.   If you're listening to this episode as a traveler who likes to visit unique projects like those highlighted on the podcast, remember that you get out of it what you put into it! Life isn't a spectator sport. Dive in and participate!   That's what I've got for you this week. Make sure to tune into the next installment and review what we've learned about developing healthy communities, both within an intentional community, as well as in our interactions with regional neighbors. ‘Till then,  Stay open   P.S: Besides leaving a rating and review or sharing the show with someone who'd like it, you can support the show and yourself by visiting our Support the Show page. There, you'll find an array of helpful information, links, and products that I thought you might find useful.  Check it out! Special thanks to Peter Mukuru for editing this episode! Music: Rite of Passage by Kevin MacLeod  Link: https://incompetech.filmmusic.io/song/4291-rite-of-passage  License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/    Facebook: https://facebook.com/groups/sharinginsightspod  Instagram: https://instagram.com/sharinginsightspod  Twitter: https://twitter.com/sharingipodcast  YouTube: https://youtube.com/channel/UCqV63Fonev-y25FVSjGDvCg  

David Casey catalyzes ecosystems to engineer systemic change and has co-founded four companies and helped scale another to 8 digits revenue. His work has centered around movement-building, and leveraging blockchain technology for socioeconomic transformation. His current focus is redirecting flows of capital towards the regenerative economy of 2100, and addressing the tragedy of the commons inherent in the 21st century transnational economy. He has spoken publicly in over 20 countries on the future of work & living, sustainable development, decentralization and blockchain technology. He is the co-founder and Chief Visionary Officer of NuMundo, a platform that connects people and impact centers (land-based projects for regenerative living), encouraging resource sharing on the web and on the ground to catalyze planetary regeneration and individual transformation. Among other things, David is also the founder and co-producer of Cosmic Convergence, an annual gathering of art, music, tribal technology, education for conscious living, and Maya culture on Lake Atitlan, Guatemala. David successfully bridges the worlds of technology startups, permaculture, international development, and retreat and festival production. On this episode you'll learn: What is mutual credit? [12:15] How does the concept of decentralized mutual credit differ at a local, national, and international level? [14:08] How does mutual credit fit into the boarder decentralized finance (DeFi) ecosystem? [17:30]

In this week's episode, Nixie Marie sits down with Sarah Wu (@villagewitch.sarahwu) who is a passionate educational curator, facilitator, and mentor dedicated to adult learners of all backgrounds. A representative for Mother Nature as a writer and teacher of Deep Ecology, Therapeutic Ecology, and whole systems design through the lens of Herbalism and Permaculture. Sarah Wu has 20 years studying the science, art, and craft of Planetary Eclectic Herbal Medicine. Her foundation is in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Wise Woman Tradition, actively practicing clinical herbalism in the Neo-Tropics for 10 years. With 25 and counting, 75+hour Permaculture Design Courses in her portfolio, Sarah teaches full length and specialized Permaculture courses and workshops tailored to community dynamics, event production, and holistic health. Sarah is the friendly Village Witch, co-founder, and producer of Envision Festival, where she curates the educational offerings and founded the unique Herbal First Aid Clinic Training. She founded and produced Medicines from the Edge: A Tropical Herbal Convergence, dedicated to bridging the eclectic healing traditions of Latin America, produced the Permaculture Plaza and Village Witches at the Oregon Eclipse, is a regular faculty member at the Punta Mona Center for Regenerative Design & Botanical Studies, is a faculty member of the Permaculture Women’s Guild and a regular contributor to organizations such as NuMundo and United Plant Savers. She has studied with numerous leaders in the Western Herbalism renaissance and has worked in relief efforts in Guatemala and at Natural Doctor’s International on the island of Omatepe, Nicaragua. Join our Patreon to support the show and get BONUS secret episodes! What we chat about: What is deep ecology? How to connect to the soil and pay reverence to its great mysteries Communicating with the land, the earth, and the seeds How to compost to give back to the earth Going from an industrial mindset to a sustainable and ecological one Permaculture as the answer to the world's problems Tapping into your eco-witch Learn more about Sarah’s work here! Special thanks to our sponsors! CLARYTI CLARYTI is the complete zero waste home cleaning solution made with all-natural ingredients provided by Mother Nature. Founded and created by Nixie Marie. Raise the vibes of your home with CLARYTI! Tribe love: Intro music created by Deya Dova www.deyadova.com Mid-roll & Outro Music created by Saritah IG @saritahmusic FB saritah.official SPOTIFY https://open.spotify.com/artist/6uY5fL10UMBGn5d03v6eKN?si=hv1T5XQGRTGTlA8fdriLHA www.saritah.com Podcast Production by Ease of Mind Co. info@easeofmind.co https://www.easeofmind.co/

President of Anastasia USA, Gabriel Miguel, Executive Director of Kiss the Ground, Lauren Tucker, Program Director at NuMundo, Bryan Arturo, and Wesley Wittkamper from NEXUS took the stage at the 2019 Lightning in a Bottle conscious music festival to share their thoughts on Earth Stewardship. This video covers a lot of ground! Discussed in this video: - The importance of land and families - Resources for getting educated on how to grow your own food and set up your land - What to do if you're living in the city and still want to live a sustainable + regenerative life - The Ringing Cedars movement in the United States + Canada - and so much more! Organizations: Anastasia USA (Ringing Cedars in the United States + Canada): https://anastasiausa.land Kiss The Ground (advocacy, education, and media nonprofit focusing on healthy soil): https://kisstheground.com/ NuMundo (the Airbnb of ecovillages): https://numundo.org/ Thank you, Gabriel Anastasia USA

It’s a deep and wide investigation of decentralized networks of many kinds this week, drawing on the insights and wisdoms of five very different panelists in a discussion held at the legendary experimental city-under-construction Arcosanti, Arizona. Like it’s a rainforest, I don’t even know how to start talking about this conversation – too many points of entry, too many species living in it! Here are this week’s fabulous guests:Emaline Friedman of Holochainhttps://herlinus.com/Sarah Johnstone, COO of The NuMundo Projecthttps://numundo.org/aboutJacob Devaney of Unify http://www.culturecollective.org/about/“Raven” Mitch Mignano, loosely “of” Reality Sandwich & Institute of Ecotechnicshttps://facebook.com/mitch.mignano.77––Support this show, and Michael's many other awesome projects, on Patreon: https://patreon.com/michaelgarfieldSubscribe on any platform you desire:https://shows.pippa.io/futurefossilsJoin the Facebook Group: https://facebook.com/groups/futurefossilsRecommend a sponsor:futurefossils@protonmail.comWe Discuss:The three forms of decentralization (architectural, logical, and political);The historical centralization of human culture around resources;Why technological decentralization is insufficient to achieve the goals of a more humane and equitable society;Decentralization of civilization through the emergence of digital nomadism and the ecovillage movement;The transition from a value of ownership to a value of access;Decentralization as an adaptation to the unscaleability of imperialism and colonialism;How the free market capitalist ideology rewards success and punishes failure, even though those are largely dependent on luck;How can we make planetary culture NOT a pyramid scheme?Distributed trust and trustless transactions, and their political consequences;Data ownership, data security, and the vital importance of restoring our ability to communicate through “unenclosable carriers”;How can we divest from abusive and exploitative giant tech companies?How decentralization as an ideology can conceal the ways that enforced consensus is a kind of “shadow centralization”;Who is affected by this decision? Who has stake in the outcome of this issue?How can we avoid #algocracy when technological literacy is a constant challenge?Incentive structures and incentive landscapes: What kind of behaviors are we encouraging?Why Facebook and Google will be seen by history as a humanitarian crisis (and what we can do about it);Market-driven shifts in consciousness;The limits of crypto-economic governance;William Irwin Thompson - At The Edge of HistoryJoshua Ramey - The Politics of DivinationJustOne OrganicsFairBnBArcade CitySteemitTrybeScuttlebuttMiVote See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

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Versatile percussionist Carl Dixon is at home with music spanning multiple genres, continents, and instruments. He can be found performing in concert halls, jazz clubs, dance parties, festival stages, and street parades. Carl plays with the Brazilian music band Ginga. As a drumset player and percussionist, he has performed/recorded with the Kailin Yong Peace Project, NuMundo, Swing Je T'aime, Casuarina, Alessandro Penezzi, Paula Santoro, Sambadende, Elevations Jazz Orchestra, Pat Bianchi, Jeff Jenkins, Dexter Payne, many musical theater productions, and the Rio de Janeiro bloco Bangalafumenga. Carl is the Principal Percussionist of the Central City Opera, Fort Collins Symphony, and Cheyenne Symphony, percussionist with Opera Colorado, and has performed with the Colorado Symphony, Colorado Ballet, Boulder Philharmonic, Colorado Springs Philharmonic, and Greeley Philharmonic Orchestras.Carl teaches drumset and world percussion and directs the percussion ensemble at the University of Colorado-Boulder. He is the Musical Director of the Boulder Samba School and Bateria Alegria, a 20-30 member Brazilian drumming ensemble. He teaches private lessons in all areas of percussion and has presented workshops at Indiana University, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Naropa University, Colorado College, Colorado State Univeristy-Pueblo, and the Colorado and Wyoming PAS Days of Percussion.Carl received a Master of Music degree in percussion performance from the University of Colorado-Boulder, where he studied with Dr. Douglas Walter and Paul Romaine, and a Bachelor of Music degree from the University of Wisconsin-Madison, where he studied with Anthony Di Sanza. Other important teachers include Michael Spiro, Mark Lamson, Jorge Alabe, and Mestre Marcão of Salgueiro.A Wisconsin native, Carl spends his free time in the mountains rock climbing and backcountry skiing, road biking, and building and restoring percussion instruments.Show Notes:Boulder Samba SchoolCarl's WebsiteColoradobrazilfest.orghttps://www.facebook.com/carldixondrumsVideo from Bateria Alegria's recent showGingaband.comBoulder Samba SchoolSponsored by GoSamba.net! Sponsored by GoSamba.net Your source of caixas, chocalhos, repiniques, surdos, straps, tamborims, tamborim sticks all imported from Brazil!

Today’s guest Shayna Gladstone, co-founder of NuMundo and Earth Journeys (www.earthjourneys.org) and our host Luna Love get down at the beautiful permaculture farm, East End Eden to share about how we can model our journey in feminine leadership through the great example of Nature, herself. Shayna has gone on to create some amazing organizations at a young age, her motivation is infectious and is sure to inspire you to take action in your own lives. To subscribe to future podcasts or learn more about how we can support you on your leadership journey, head over to www.ladieswholeadpodcast.com  

Donate to The Permaculture Podcast Online: via PayPal Venmo: @permaculturepodcast Enjoy this episode? Become a Patron. My guest for this episode is David Casey, the Chief Visionary Officer of NuMundo, a platform that recently launched to connect people interested in permaculture and sustainability with locations around the world where guests can visit and learn about these practices from people who are living them. [caption width="500" align="aligncenter"] David Casey, Chief Visionary Officer of NuMundo.[/caption] This episode is the first in a series on creating and running a permaculture business. I started with David because NuMundo is just launching, after a year of laying a good foundation, and his thoughts here provide some insight into ways to create your own space to build and grow an entrepreneur driven career from your own unique experience. If you are a host who wants to register your site, or a traveler interested in these opportunities, the website is numundo.org. There, and in the resource section below,  you will also find a link to the crowdfunding campaign. If you have business that involves the ethics of permaculture, I'd love to hear about it. Get in touch. or email: The Permaculture Podcast. You can also send something in the mail if you like. That address is: The Permaculture Podcast The Permaculture Podcast From here, the next episode is my interview with Jereme Zimmerman on how to Make Mead like a Viking. Then a permabyte from Ethan Hughes, where he joins me to talk about moving Christmas towards a less consumption driven holiday by creating new traditions. After than is the last new interview of the year with Taj Scicluna, The Perma Pixie. Until the next time, spend each day creating the world you want to live in by taking care of Earth, your self, and each other. Resources: NuMundo.org (David's Site) The NuMundo CrowdFunding Campaign

Donate to The Permaculture Podcast Online: via PayPal Venmo: @permaculturepodcast My guest for today is Brad Lancaster, author of Rainwater Harvesting for Drylands and Beyond, who returns to talk about Desert Harvesters, an organization in Tucson, Arizona, using neighborhood plantings to collect urban rainwater runoff, and create community by raising awareness about native edible plants. We spend much of our conversation discussing the history and actions of this organization, before turning to how these ideas are spreading to other cities and towns. During the closing Brad shares some of the current research on using street runoff to irrigate roadside plants, as well as four water assessment suggestions that he uses to evaluate every site. Find out more about him at harvestingrainwater.com. Desert Harvesters' website, desertharvesters.org, has numerous resources that expand on the conversation Brad and I had today. One piece I recommend you read is the Manifeasto (PDF) by Kimi Eisele, as it is a one-page poetic encapsulates of everything Desert Harvesters stands for, including the vision and approach to spreading knowledge about native plants, and the power of celebration and capturing water run off. Through the use of celebration Desert Harvesters created community that leads to a greater buy-in from the changemakers in not only Tucson, but other regions as well. Through actions that started out illegally, with those first curb cuts, Brad and the others in his neighborhood showed that these ideas of using street run-off worked. Leveraging those two ideas shaped through the creation of the cookbook, they expanded the circle of influence further and further, accomplishing more collectively than through the actions of a given individual or organization. Could you use these ideas as a model in your own community to enact change? If you have any thoughts, questions or comments on this or anything else you heard during this episode, leave a comment here on Patreon and we can continue the conversation.   You can also reach me by email: The Permaculture Podcast or phone: . From here, the next episode, out in a day or two, is a short interview with Ethan Hughes to discuss what to expect from The Possibility Handbook. On Monday, December 7, a permabyte interview with David Casey, who recently launched the site NuMundo, to talk about how to take an idea and turn it into reality. On Thursday, December 10, is Jereme Zimmerman, to share with us how to Make Mead like a Viking. Until the next time, spend each day creating the world you want to live in by taking care of Earth, yourself, and each other. Would you like to receive a free copy of the inaugural issue of Regenerative Agriculture Magazine? Now through December 31, listeners of the podcast can use the coupon code “podcast” at checkout to do just that. Go get your copy today. Resources: Harvesting Rainwater (Brad's Site) Desert Harvesters The Desert Harvesters' Manifeasto (PDF) Multi-Use Rain Garden Plant Lists

Donate to The Permaculture Podcast Online: via PayPal Venmo: @permaculturepodcast Enjoy this episode? Become a Patron. The following was shared with the podcast by Taylor Proffitt, and read by me, your host, Scott Mann. You can find out more about Taylor's work at NuMundo.org or NewEarthFarm.org. Onel is a Haitian Farmer currently spending the late summer, early fall growing season between Virginia Beach, Virginia, and New York City, New York, studying abroad with his friends and mentors at Community Development International. After growing up in the Haitian countryside, Onel moved to Port-au-Prince to attend Universite d'Americaines des Sciences Modernes d'Haiti. He has since built an all-natural chemical-free tropical fruit tree nursery and education center. He teaches students, farmers, and community members how to grow low cost, highly productive, perennial food forests. He currently grows 5,000 fruit trees in the nursery that he actively gives to his community to help people create more food sovereignty. Onel is a grateful, humble, highly educated, quadrilingual (French, Creole, English, and Spanish) Haitian who is extremely privileged in relation to the majority of his fellow citizens. The New Earth Farm, where I work, is one of the farms where Onel is apprenticing in Virginia Beach, Virginia. I took Onel out to see what I do for fun this past weekend. We went to the food share of the Norfolk, Virginia Chapter of Food Not Bombs (FNB). At FNB a large, organic, vegan feast is shared with underserved, undernourished, mentally handicapped, homeless, and otherwise hungry people. Onel had never been to one of these food shares, but was fascinated with the idea. We cooked organic food from the farm for those in need of nutrition in the food desert neighborhood where we serve in Norfolk, Virginia, at 19th and Omohundro near the arts district. I knew Onel would have fun at Food Not Bombs after explaining to me the details of the wealth gap in Haiti at lunch one day. On top of a large juice bottle he demonstrated where the rich people of the capital city, Port-au-Prince, live. At the bottom of the bottle, his phone represented the poor, and a small box nearly the same size represented the middle class, in the rural countryside. “Haiti is the poorest country in the northern hemisphere” and “Two and a half million Haitians live in extreme poverty.” Onel explained how the recent history of Haiti has been a whirlwind, politically. In 1990, the poor and the middle class came together to elect Jean-Bertrand Aristide, an unpopular figure among wealthy Haitians. After Jean-Bertrand won the presidency the wealthy came to a popular young Haitian named Guy Phillipe, who visited and campaigned with all of the universities and promised to bring money and prosperity to young people in exchange for their support. He was convinced by the wealthy to overthrow Jean-Bertrand. Jean-Bertrand was threatened by the “paramilitary leader Guy Philippe, a former Haitian police chief who was trained by US Special Forces in Ecuador in the early 1990s” and exiled to Central African Republic. The poor finally had a voice through Aristide, but then he was gone. When they needed him most, in 2010, a 7.0 magnitude Earthquake shattered any remaining hope for the under-privileged of Haiti, but Jean-Bertrand was powerless. His life was threatened and he could do nothing when disaster struck. Remember the “text to donate” Red Cross PR campaign? That money never made it to Haiti. It didn't go to the Wealthy, it didn't go to rebuild Haiti. It stayed in the United States, in the pockets of the Red Cross. If you go to Haiti today, you see a nice capital city rebuilt by the wealthy class and some of the funds from the Red Cross. In the countryside, however, the socioeconomic contrast is like night and day. The serious epidemics of poverty and malnutrition continue. Dead bodies lie in the street. Deforested land stretches for miles. With this recent history in mind, Onel could not understand how homeless and hungry people still exist in America. America is a rich country. Couldn't the rich people take these poor and buy them a home or provide some place to live? And what about all the food in the grocery store dumpsters? Aren't there more than enough wealthy people in the Unites States to take care of everyone? Onel was right. Why do we have poor people in America? In the last century there haven't been any civil wars, government coups, or massive natural disasters that crippled the entire country or economy. If more than enough resources exist to go around, why aren't they going around? Why is the economic distribution in the United States nearly exactly the same as it is in Haiti? While the answers to these questions are obvious and not surprising, these rhetorical questions leave a dark space that is the shadow of our culture. Onel asked valid questions. The United States gets portrayed as the promised land, even to this day, to the rest of the world. I explained that people here in the land of opportunity hold greed in their hearts, too. I explained that grocery stores prefer to throw perfectly edible food in a locked trash can than give it away to hungry mouths. I explained that the rich people would rather buy their next Mercedes-Benz or Yacht than concern themselves with the problems of the lower class's health care. I explained that we still live in a country full of slaves, but we call them different names. We call them “the poor”. We call them “minorities”. We call them “under privileged”. We call them the victims of trauma and mental illness, when in fact these are merely symptoms of the illness we face as a whole that is consumer and throw away culture. When I speak with Onel, we often exclaim our mutual despair for the challenges we face as humanitarians and community builders. This sadness propels us to make small changes in underserved people's lives each day, as well as in our own lives. In permaculture the problem is often reframed as the opportunity for a solution, and both Onel and myself became and remain great friends for this reason. We actively seek ways to initiate these solutions in a world where problems exist in great numbers while the simple effective solutions exist, but get implemented by so few. We implement solutions within ourselves first before reaching out to help our community. For Onel, the challenges he faces in Haiti include deforestation, caused from an overactive lumber industry which cut down the biodiverse rainforests of rural haiti in a drastic effort to make money; hunger; economic scarcity; and a corrupt political system. By educating youth about the importance of organic food production, teaching his community how to turn fruit seeds into fruit trees, and donating plants from his home grown nursery, he overgrows the forces of ecological and economic oppression, one tree at a time. Each time he teaches a child how to grow a fruit trees, he creates food and livelihood for his students. Each tree his students plant feeds hungry people, reforests the island, contributes to plant and animal biodiversity, sequesters carbon, offers a valuable education, and leaves a legacy. For myself, the challenges I face in the Unites States include deforestation caused by phenomena called lawns and overgrazing; hunger; economic scarcity; and a corrupt political system. By working with local organic farms to access fresh, organic food, which I give to hungry people in the city, I overgrow many of these problems with organic, grassroots solutions, in the same way as Onel. By turning people's lawns into organic gardens, I help to reforest one small plot at a time. By hosting a Really, Really Free market at the community peace garden, my friends and I help close the wealth gap, one winter coat and one empowering book at a time. The inspiration in this story comes from the shared resiliency and solidarity that happens across borders, climates, language barriers, and cultural norms. Our two stories coalesced when we met and the convergence opened my mind to the possibilities of real, organic solutions relevant to each bioregion. Our solutions vary widely, but we face nearly identical challenges, and this story offers proof that no universal “cure” exists for world hunger or poverty. Organic solutions exist for every bioregion and the sooner we come together as a global community to enact these customized solutions, the closer we come to uprooting the oppression of our patriarchally dominated global mindset. Our use of permaculture principles, neither of us call it that when talking to each other, gives us hope and inspiration to change the world around us, and to actively empower those who need help in our communities. To make meaningful change in your community, contact staylorproffitt@gmail.com. To support the podcast and receive more stories like this one visit Patreon.com and become a patron, or head over to the contribute tab and see other ways you can help keep the podcast going and growing. If along the way the podcast can assist you on your journey, get in touch. Email: The Permaculture Podcast Until the next time, spend each day creating the world you want to live in by taking care of Earth, your self, and each other.

In this episode we talk with Shayna Gladstone, co-founder of Project NuMundo, about traveling with purpose. She describes her stories of learning to let go of material objects that were holding her back from pursuing her passion. We also talk about living in harmony with nature, having zero waste while traveling, permaculture and life coaching to help ignite people's visions and dreams.Shayna is the Cofounder of NuMundo and Founder of Dream Activation, international eco-network weaver, business coach, crowdfunding consultant, nomad, serial project igniter, performance artist, experience facilitator and life-long earth-guardian. Learn more about her and her projects at http://www.projectbringmetolife.com/#!shayna-gladstone/cgvrLike us at www.FB.com/ProjectBringMeToLifeFollow us on Twitter at @PBM2LSubscribe to Season 2 on iTunes at https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbm2l-podcast-season-2/id1020398022?mt=2Subscribe to us at www.Spreaker.com/user/ProjectBringMeToLifeLeave us a comment and let us know what you thought of this episode!

In this episode we talk with Shayna Gladstone, co-founder of Project NuMundo, about traveling with purpose. She describes her stories of learning to let go of material objects that were holding her back from pursuing her passion. We also talk about living in harmony with nature, having zero waste while traveling, permaculture and life coaching to help ignite people's visions and dreams.Shayna is the Cofounder of NuMundo and Founder of Dream Activation, international eco-network weaver, business coach, crowdfunding consultant, nomad, serial project igniter, performance artist, experience facilitator and life-long earth-guardian. Learn more about her and her projects at http://www.projectbringmetolife.com/#!shayna-gladstone/cgvrLike us at www.FB.com/ProjectBringMeToLifeFollow us on Twitter at @PBM2LSubscribe to Season 2 on iTunes at https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbm2l-podcast-season-2/id1020398022?mt=2Subscribe to us at www.Spreaker.com/user/ProjectBringMeToLifeLeave us a comment and let us know what you thought of this episode!

Donate to The Permaculture Podcast Online: via PayPal Venmo: @permaculturepodcast This article is by Taylor Proffit, and originally posted at NuMundo.org and reprinted/recorded as a podcast with permission. Back in October, my friend showed me The Permaculture Podcast for the first time while we were camping, developing business models and visioning the future of each other's work in the startup world of San Francisco. It was an appropriate time to listen to the episode where Ethan Roland of Appleseed Permaculture spoke about the Eight Forms of Capital in Regenerative Enterprise. Having listened to nearly every episode from the last 5 years in a matter of weeks, I've been deeply moved and inspired by this daily dose of educational therapy that has pushed me to make meaningful changes at a crossroads in my life. This is one of the most transformative collections of media I've come across to date. I've included links to the shows on the website, but you can download the mobile app as well. If you feel so inspired, support the growth of the show with a one time or monthly donation on Scott's crowdfunding platform or leave a review on the itunes app store. 1. Ethan Hughes and Necessary Simplicity & Practical Possibilities with Ethan Hughes – Ethan Hughes is a permaculture practitioner and radical minimalist that founded the Possibility Alliance, an 80-acre petrol and electricity-free homestead that gifts over 1,500 permaculture design courses each year. After traveling the world and watching the innumerable tragedies that fossil fuels and Western civilization have imposed on the earth, indigenous populations, and the minds of the masses, Ethan decided to give up his car for a bike, eat dinner by candlelight, liquidate his financial capital, and begin educating people about changing harmful lifestyles. I cannot explain how game-changing it was to hear Ethan tell his story: 20 years of slowing down to the simple life where chocolate doesn't belong, where in the last ten years his car has only been used twelve times for emergencies, and where the inner landscape work to make these external changes is of utmost importance and is the only practical path. Here is another article with Ethan over at Mother Earth News. [caption width="500" align="aligncenter"] Reprinted from Gather and Grow, read their experience when visiting Ethan's land and home of the Possibility Alliance https://gatherandgrowdotorg.files.wordpress.com/2013/06/possibility2.jpg[/caption] 2. Edible Forest Gardens and permaculture with Dave Jacke – Dave Jacke is a permaculture practitioner and co-author of Edible Forest Gardens that tells it like it is. Like Ethan Hughes, Dave asserts the importance of inner landscape work if any external actions are to have lasting results. His work with perennial food forestry is comprehensive, and the content of this conversation has given me a more clear understanding of how to move forward in my path, both internally and in the outer landscape, specifically with regards to food forestry. 3. Right Livelihood with Ben Weiss, Dave Jacke, and Charles Eisenstein– This recent episode features permaculture practitioners Ben Weiss and Dave Jacke, and author of bestseller Sacred Economics, Charles Eisenstein. The conversation traverses the ways in which we can integrate the lessons of the old story, and begin to make positive changes toward the new world we wish to inhabit. A true necessity for the contemporary changemaker. Linked in the show notes is the second half of the conversation without Charles (who had to leave the discussion early). [caption width="490" align="aligncenter"] Reprinted with permission from The Permaculture Podcast. Ben Weiss, Dave Jacke, and Charles Eisenstein panel discussion (left to right).[/caption] 4. Restoration Agriculture with Mark Shepard (Parts 1-3)– Mark Shepard is a practical go out and get it farmer. He's not interested in obscure uses of the word permaculture or anything short of prolific results. This three part discussion explains Mark's story and experience with the Organic Valley Co-operative farmers group, in which biofuel tractor design, perennial food forest design, and efficient chestnut growing are all shared practices to build a resilient network of farmers who live in the same proximity. After listening to the first episode, I was thrilled to see there were two more to listen to. This is a great episode for practical solutions to profitable farming, truly restorative land management practices, and integrative food forestry design. 5. Whole Systems Design and the Resilient Farm with Ben Falk– Ben Falk is a permaculturist who, like Ethan Hughes, wouldn't flinch if the system as we know it broke down overnight. The homestead he designed for himself is completely self-reliant, other than a generator he uses as a backup heating source for showers until solar panels can be bought (by now, I'm sure he has them, since this episode is over two years old). But unlike Ethan, Ben makes a living from his rugged resilience through a design firm called Whole Systems Design, LLC. When I first came across Ben's website a year or so ago on accident, I thought to myself “this is what I want to do” as I watched a video of him using a scythe to cut a cover crop and his design team talking about the completely self-reliant and closed loop homestead systems they design, build and inhabit. Here is the video: Whole Systems Design, LLC Firm Overview from Ben Falk on Vimeo. Whole Systems Design, LLC Firm Overview from Ben Falk on Vimeo. A visual overview of some of the work Whole Systems Design performs in Vermont, New England and abroad. Enjoy and check us out at www.wholesystemsdesign.com for more information. 6. Eight Forms of Capital and Regenerative Enterprise with Ethan Roland– If you haven't read Regenerative Enterprise by Gaia University Graduates Ethan Roland and Gregory Landua, I encourage you to do so after this episode. This show outlines the conceptual viewpoint of the eight forms of capital, of which financial is only one. I'll let Ethan explain how this simple formula for viewing the world makes all of your work, whether it is volunteer work at a food bank, growing your own food, traveling, or reading books, as contributing to your wealth as a human being. [caption width="500" align="aligncenter"] Reprinted with permission from The Permaculture Podcast. The Eight Forms of Capital infograph.[/caption] 7. Responsible Business, Responsible Entrepreneur with Carol Sanford– Fast on the heels of the Eight Forms of Capital episode, Carol Sanford takes the concepts of Regenerative Entrepreneurship to new heights with responsible entrepreneurship being her twist on the subject. She speaks about ethics-driven corporations and right relations business practices that make for truly regenerative business ventures. 8. Natural Building and ThePOOSH.org with Eric Puro– It was a pleasant surprise to hear my friend and new world colleague speak about how natural building changed his life and how, by searching craigslist for free land and buying a couple books, he and his friends built their first earth ship from all natural and up-cycled materials. Eric speaks about an ecovillage tour of Europe, starting a web platform, natural building with no power tools, and meeting people where they're at in any type of work that cares for the earth, community, and oneself. Visit ThePOOSH.org to start or join a natural building project today. [caption width="500" align="aligncenter"] Reprinted with permission from The Permaculture Podcast. The Poosh.org ‘s first naturally constructed home in Oregon on land they found through craigslist. Find out more: thepoosh.org[/caption] 9. Economic and Financial Collapse with Nicole Foss– This talk with Nicole Foss, founder of Automatic Earth, on building community resiliency at a time where growth is coming to its limits, has inspired me to take my commitments of local action further. In a society where infinite growth is assumed possible, and even necessary, this exhaustively researched and academically referenced talk about Economic Collapse asks the listener to think about how they would live if energy and fossil fuels ran out today. Would you live? What necessities of life would you have secured from within your home or bioregion. Which neighbors do you know enough to collaborate with to stay healthy? Would you have any food or water if exports stopped immediately? I've been thinking a lot about this topic lately, and relocalization of my physical needs to survive has become a relatively high priority. By making deep relationships with local farms, finding a local spring, and planting fruit trees today, we can buffer the effects of economic collapse by building a thriving community where we live. 10. Urban Permaculture in Baltimore, Maryland – The final episode I've chosen goes deep. It begins with the stories and backgrounds of Eric and Victoria, the founders of Charm City Farms. While Eric's background story is brief, Victoria's is as authentic and genuine as it is lengthy. She speaks about her path as a visual artist and student, growing up in Georgia and being completely enthralled with nature, and reading depth psychology authors such as Carl Jung and Joseph Campbell to help her make sense of her life. She also gives history on her herbalism and permaculture studies. Victoria gives the listener a relatable and cherishable story of her struggles, her darkness, her challenges, and tells the story of her life's transformation through permaculture and urban community development. After listening to the work of Eric and Victoria just a couple days ago, I've been inspired to make changes in my place, as they have, and decided not move to the big progressive cities where movements are already so large and prominent (like Boulder, Brooklyn, Austin, Portland, etc). Eric and Victoria grew the first public urban food forest in Baltimore (and they are already starting to plan their second). They do primitive skills workshops in the middle of the city, and they do the inner work that is so essential to truly help people in underprivileged communities. This inner work is particularly essential in order that change agents may be in right relations, or as Victoria says, “do right by” the community they serve. It is easy to want to go to places where the large movements are already happening to do this work, but if everyone does this, the rest of our country will remain stuck in the old story, and underserved communities in the places people have left behind will stay this behind. I'm not saying that we shouldn't travel, learn new skills, meet new people, and gain new perspectives, but when it comes to setting roots in the ground, consider a place that truly needs changemakers, as Eric and Victoria did with Baltimore. [caption width="500" align="aligncenter"] Reprinted with permission from The Permaculture Podcast. Urban Food Forest in Baltimore, Maryland.[/caption] These are the conversations that give educational and experiential capital far beyond return for the financial capital of supporting the podcast if it is truly in your means. I supported the show recently, and I will say that for as much educational and experiential capital that Scott Mann is giving away each week (for only the $261 that he is getting on his crowdfunding platform per month) it is clear that he truly is doing really great work for the world, for community, and within himself. You can also help spread the wisdom and education of permaculture by sharing this article or www.thepermaculturepodcast.com with your friends. What are your 10 favorite episodes of the show? What inspiration or knowledge did you gain from them? I'd love to hear from you. Email: The Permaculture Podcast Write: The Permaculture Podcast The Permaculture Podcast