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The fourth and final episode in our series on the Jinshin no Ran: we cover the campaign in Afumi (aka Ōmi - 近江).  Prince Ōama and Prince Ōtomo (aka Kōbun Tennō), have drawn up their forces.  Last episode we covered the fighting in the Nara Basin, around the ancient Yamato capital: Asuka.  This episode focuses on the defense of the Karafu and Fuwa passes and the eventual march to the bridge at Setagawa. This is a name heavy episode, and we'll be noting some of it here: https://sengokudaimyo.com/podcast/episode-132   Rough Transcript Welcome to Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  My name is Joshua and this is episode 132: The Jinshin no Ran, Part 4: The Afumi Campaign The Afumi soldiers on the western side of the bridge looked across the open expanse of water towards their Yoshino rivals on the eastern side.  If it weren't for the banners and the red tags barely visible on the sleeves of the opposing forces, it would be hard to know which side was which.  Both were equipped in similar ways, and a few of the soldiers could even make out familiar faces on the other side.  That is the nature of civil wars—especially in a conscript society, where the soldiers often had little choice which side they were fighting for.  Not that it necessarily mattered much to them which side came out on top, whatever their commanders might have told them. The bridge across the Seta river was large and wide, and normally quite well traveled.  Now, however, the central boards had been pulled up for a span of about 30 feet or so, leaving a gap spanned by only a single, narrow plank.  That plank was, itself, tied to a rope, which was being held by the Afumi troops.  The soldiers knew that should any of the enemy try to cross, they could pull the plank out from under them and they would fall into the river, their metal armor dragging them down into the dark depths of swirling water below.  Even should they somehow make it across without being peppered by arrows, there would be no reinforcements coming: they would be slaughtered, and the trap would be reset. It seemed like the Afumi forces held all the cards in this battle, and yet they were still tense. Archers could still shoot across the distance. The front rank of troops held wooden shields as a defense, but there were still openings in the formation and the armor, and in the chaos of battle, nobody was truly safe. And so the Afumi forces waited.  Confident, but wary. A commotion on the eastern side of the bridge grabbed the spotlight.  The Yoshino forces had approached, and they were clearly preparing for something.  The Afumi soldiers strained to see what was going on.  Suddenly, the front line of the Yoshino forces parted, and a strange sight confronted the Afumi soldiers.  It took them a moment to fully comprehend what was barreling towards them at full tilt: a soldier that looked almost like two soldiers put together, wearing armor placed over armor, in an attempt to protect from harm.  It must have been heavy, and as he stepped on the beam, it visibly buckled under the weight.  The Afumi archers let loose with their arrows and crossbow bolts, but to no avail.  They simply stuck in the armor, adding to the bizarre and otherworldly appearance of their opponent. The spell was broken on the Afumi side as arrows came cascading in.  The Yoshino forces weren't just sitting idly back, they were making sure they were doing everything they could to keep the Afumi forces distracted.  And for a split second it worked—and a split second was all they needed.  Before the soldiers could gather up their wits about them enough to pull the rope there was a terrifying sound of metal on wood.  The Afumi soldiers pulled the rope, but it came all too easy—the Yoshino soldier had dashed across and cut the rope tied to the plank.  Behind him, the Yoshino forces were now pouring across the bridge.  Soon they would establish a foothold, and behind the front line they would be able to have other soldiers place more planks so that the number of Yoshino soldiers on the Western side of the bridge only continued to increase. Realizing that their trap had been circumvented, the Afumi forces fell back, but their strategic withdrawal soon turned into a full on retreat.  While pockets of soldiers resisted, many were suddenly all too aware that perhaps it was better to live and fight another day, instead.  Despite threats and even attacks from their own commanders, the Afumi forces fled the battlefield, leaving the Yoshino army victorious.  With the Seta bridge now secured, there were no more major obstacles in their way:  They would march to the capital at Ohotsu and finish this war.   Welcome back!  This is Part 4, and so if you haven't already done so, I recommend going back and starting with Part 1.  That said, we'll briefly recap here. Over the past three episodes, we've talked about the causes of the war between Prince Ohotomo and Prince Ohoama as they vied for the throne.  Prince Ohotomo seemingly had the stronger position, as he was actually running the Yamato state from the Afumi capital in Ohotsu.  He had the various ministers and all the official organs of the state on his side.   He was also 23 years old. Ohoama, on the other side, was Ohotomo's paternal uncle.  His own son, Prince Takechi, was 19 years old and helping to lead the army.   Upon learning that the State was gathering forces against him, Ohoama had quickly moved east, gathering forces as he went, and now he stood near Fuwa, modern day Sekigahara, prepared to begin his march on the capital.   This episode we are going to cover the conclusion of the war.  Warning, though, this is going to be a *lot*.  A lot of place names and people names.  Apologies if it is hard to follow.  I'll have a rough map and info on the various players on the podcast blog, so you may want to bring that up if you are having problems following. In Part I of this series we covered the causes leading up to the conflict.  In Part II we covered Ohoama's mad dash to Fuwa, at modern Sekigahara.  Last episode, Part III we covered the fighting in the Nara Basin. This episode we are going to talk about the last two fronts of the war: the defense of the Iga area and Kurafu Pass, and the march from Fuwa to the Afumi capital of Ohotsu. Before we go into the details of the next battles, let's look at what each side of the conflict was doing, what they are concerned about, and where they are on the board.  We'll then go into how the rest of the war played out, and its conclusion and aftermath.     Ohoama's Yoshino forces had largely been drawn from the countries in the east—the very same countries that Ohoama was denying to the Afumi court.  In response, the Afumi court had drawn their forces from where they could.  There were those that they had already called up under the pretense of building Naka no Oe's burial mound, but they had sent others out to raise troops in Yamato and out the western side of Honshu, all the way to Tsukushi—modern Kyushu.  However, not everyone in the Western region of the archipelago was friendly to the Afumi court—especially the regions of Kibi and Tsukushi.  This was significant.  Kibi was an ancient rival of Yamato, and likely could contribute a sizeable force.  Tsukushi, on the other hand, was quite large, and besides the conscripts from among the regular inhabitants, Tsukushi also was in charge of defending the archipelago from invasion—they were the first line of defense.  They had constructed numerous castles and fortifications to defend against a possible invasion, and those castles and fortifications were no doubt manned by troops that had been raised for that purpose.  If they could now be turned inwards, that could be enough to really turn the tide against Ohoama and his Yoshino army. The only problem was that neither Kibi nor Tsukushi were exactly sympathetic to the Afumi court.  The governor of Kibi and Prince Kurikuma, the viceroy of Tsukushi, both had ties to Ohoama, and the ministers suspected them of sympathizing with their Yoshino rivals.  As such the envoys that were sent out were authorized to take whatever drastic steps they felt necessary to secure the troops. So how did that all go down?  Well, last episode we talked about how Hodzumi no Momotari and his crew had been stopped from raising troops in Asuka by Ohotomo no Fukei, whose bluff of pretending to be Prince Takechi and a host of cavalry soldiers caused the conscripted troops to flee, and ended up in the death of Momotari and the capture of his compatriots. In Kibi, things took a turn in Afumi's favor.  When the Afumi government's envoy arrived at the government center in Kibi, he tricked the governor into taking off his sword.  Once he had done so, the envoy drew his own sword and killed the governor.  Without the governor to get in his way, the envoy then went about securing the land and troops for the Afumi court. Prince Kurikuma, the viceroy in Tsukushi, at the Dazaifu, was not quite so easily fooled, however.  Kurikuma knew how the court operated, and was apparently well informed of what was going on.  When the Afumi court's envoy met with Kurikuma, the Prince was flanked by two of his sons, Prince Mino and Prince Takebe, each one armed.  When Prince Kurikuma heard what the Afumi court wanted—for him to send the troops from Tsukushi to help quell Ohoama's rebellion—Kurikuma responded that he needed those troops to hold the border.  After all, the Tang dynasty was still a potential threat, and what good would it do to send the troops from the border regions to fight an internal war, only to then have an invader come in and destroy the state entirely?  No, he reasoned, he would not be sending the troops as the Afumi court requested. We are told that for a moment, the Afumi envoy thought about grabbing his sword and killing Prince Kurikuma, as the Afumi court had suggested, but with both of Kurikuma's sons armed on either side of him, he realized that he didn't have great odds, and so he eventually left, empty handed, but alive. This is significant.  While we don't know exact numbers, it is likely that there were quite a few troops stationed in Kyushu and the islands, all in case of foreign invasion.  By not supplying them to the Afumi court, Prince Kurikuma dealt a huge blow to the Afumi's ability to make war.  Add to that the fact that Ohoama had likewise blocked the court's access to the eastern countries, and that further narrowed the troops that Afumi had access to.  Nonetheless, they still had enough to be dangerous, and it is impossible to say exactly what might happen in a war. So we know where the Afumi and Yoshino forces ostensibly came from, but let's talk about the battlefield.  All of the fighting that we talk about was happening in an area between Naniwa—modern Ohosaka—and Fuwa, modern Sekigahara, northwest from the modern city of Nagoya. There are three main theaters we are talking about.  The first is in the Nara basin, which we talked about extensively in the last episode.  The Nara basin itself was not necessarily of the most strategic importance, militarily, but it was of huge symbolic importance.  After all, that was still the ancient capital, even though the governmental functions had been moved north, to Ohotsu, on the shores of Lake Biwa.  The second is in the Suzuka mountains.  This includes the areas of Iga and Kouka, and it is bordered by the Nara basin on the west, the Mie coastline on the east, and Afumi, the area around lake Biwa, to the north.  This is the same region that Ohoama had to naviagate through on his way from Yoshino to the east, and the mountains and valleys make it so that there are only so many traversable routes through.  For our narrative we are going to be primarily talking about the Kurafu Pass, between Kouka and Iga, at modern Tsuge city.  This pass  was an important route between Kouka, Iga, and Mie.  The road followed the Soma River which eventually flowed into Lake Biwa.  This made it a route out of Afumi, and if the Afumi forces could secure the Kurafu pass and the fields of Tara, just on the other side, they could split Ohoama's forces and cut off any help that he could possibly send to the Nara basin, and possibly even take Ohoama from behind. Finally, let's talk about our third theater:  Afumi itself.  Specifically, we are looking at the southern and eastern sides around Lake Biwa.  Biwa is the largest lake in Japan, and it is almost entirely surrounded by mountains except for where the Seta river flows south, eventually winding its way to Naniwa.  Today, the area of Afumi is largely co-located with modern Shiga Prefecture. Back in 668, after finding themselves on the losing side of the Baekje-Tang war, Naka no Oe, aka Tenji Tennou, had moved the capital to Ohotsu, or Big Port, in Afumi, on the shores of Lake Biwa, likely for the protection it gave.  From Afumi, there were three major routes out of the basin, and a few minor ones.  All of them were through defensible mountain passes, like Karafu Pass, Fuwa Pass, and Suzuka Pass.  Three such passes:  Fuwa, Suzuka, and Arachi would become prominent barriers, or seki, along the ancient roads, and were known as the Sangen, or Three Barriers, protecting the capital region.  Suzuka no seki, at the pass of the same name, was in the south.  To reach it from Afumi, one crossed the Karafu pass, and then turned east through a pass near Mt. Miyama.  At the northern tip of the Suzuka mountains was Fuwa pass, future home of the Fuwa barrier.  The Barrier, or “Seki” would give its name to the area in another form:  Sekigahara.  This was along the Tousandou, the Eastern Mountain road, and even today it is the path through which roads and even the Shinkansen traverse between eastern and western Honshu.  Finally, though less important to our story, was the Arachi pass. Arachi no seki was part of the Hokurikudo, the Northern Land Route, and led to the ancient country of Kochi and the port of Tsuruga, which had a long history as an alternate port, especially for ships sailing from Goguryeo.  Later, Arachi no seki would be replaced in the Sangen ranking by another pass between Afumi and modern Kyoto, which would be known as the Afusaka, or Ohosaka, Pass.  This was the pass that would have been used to get to Yamashiro and, from there, to Naniwa and the Nara Basin. These three passes would come to define the island of Honshu, and became the dividing line between the Kanto region, in the east, and the Kansai region, in the west.  By holding the Suzuka and Fuwa passes, Ohoama effectively denied any travel to the eastern regions.  Sure, Afumi could have tried going through the Arachi pass and into Kochi, but then they would have had to traverse the Japan alps—no small feat, especially without modern conveniences like the trains and busses used today. From Fuwa Pass, where Ohoama and Prince Takechi had set up their headquarters, it was largely a straight shot to the Afumi capital of Ohotsu.  Between Lake Biwa and the Suzuka mountains is a wide, flat plain, divided primarily by the rivers and streams running out from the mountains into the lake.  Immediately west of Fuwa is the area of Maibara.  Following the shore of the lake one traverses through modern Hikone, to Yasu.  Yasu would also have been the location where the road to the Karafu pass broke off into the Suzuka mountains.  Beyond that was the bridge across the Seta River. The Seta river was one of the largest obstacles that would have to be negotiated, and the Afumi forces knew this.  Just as Ohoama would set up at Fuwa pass, a large number of the Afumi forces were set up on the western bank of the Seta river.  If the Yoshino forces could get across, however, it would mean that they had a more or less unimpeded route to the capital at Ohotsu. So now let's talk about what was happening in each of these places. Ohoama had set up at Fuwa—Sekigahara—and had begun to call soldiers to him.  Not only did did this allow him to block the rival Afumi troops from accessing the Eastern countries and possibly raising troops to use against him, but he was also able to maintain a line of communication with ancient Yamato, in the Nara Basin.  In order to keep his communication lines open, and to ensure that the Afumi forces couldn't sneak up behind him, Ohoama split his forces in two.  He knew that Afumi forces were trying to take his stronghold in Yamato, and if successful, from there they could move in to Uda and on to Iga.  thereafter that, they could march up behind him through the Suzuka pass.  Alternatively, the forces in Afumi could come up through Kouka and the Karafu pass, and then try to divide and conquer So the first group of Ohoama's army were to go south, through the Suzuka pass into their mountain namesake.  Once there, Oho no Omi no Honji was to hold Tarano, the Plain of Tara, where the routes to Suzuka, Kafuka, and Iga met.  Tanaka no Omi no Tarumaro went with him, with orders to guard the Kurafu pass, which is to say the road to Kouka.  This first group was headed by Ki no Omi no Abemaro, and also included Miwa no Kimi no Kobito, and Okizome no Muraji no Usagi.  Along with what we are told were tens of thousands of men, this first made their way south from Fuwa  through Mie and Ise and over the Suzuka pass.  Once there, they took up their positions at Karafu and Tarano.  It was a good thing, too, because only a couple of days after they arrived, the enemy struck.   Now as soon as he got there, Oho no Honji had fortified Tarano with some three thousand men, and Tanaka no  Tarumaro was sent to guard the Kurafu pass.  Prior to this, Tarumaro had been the official in charge of the Hot Springs in Ise, but he had joined Ohoama and the Yoshino forces when they first arrived over the Suzuka Pass.  Now he was in charge of a military force, encamped along the road through the Kurafu pass, waiting for the enemy. Unbeknownst to him, a deputy commander of the Afumi forces, Tanabe no Wosumi, was approaching from Mt. Kafuka.  Presumably he'd been sent out from Ohotsu and had followed the road along the Yasu and Soma rivers towards the pass.  Wosumi had  sizeable force with him, but he was not looking for a direct assault.  Even if he would win, he would suffer casualties, especially trying to attack an entrenched enemy in a fortified position.  He needed to be sneaky.  He had no way of knowing that, centuries later, the lands of Iga and Kouka would be known for their sneaky warriors—their legendary ninja—but I digressed.  What Wosumi did was this.  First, he rolled up his banners and muffled the drums.  He even had his men gag themselves—a continental custom where soldiers were given a stick to hold in their mouth, like a horse's bit, to discourage any talking amongst the ranks as they approached.  Presumably, they kept them in until just before attacking, because they also devised a watchword “kane”—transcribed as metal or gold.  Wosumi knew that it would be hard enough to tell who was who in the daytime—after all, it wasn't like these were regimented forces with uniforms.  The soldiers were likely all wearing whatever they had available, and clothing and armor would have been similar across the two armies.  At night, even some kind of mark or flag would hardly be enough to tell who was who in the dark.  As lines broke and melee ensued, it would be easy to get turned around, and find yourself facing a friend.  By saying the watchword you could distinguish friend from foe. Sure enough, this tactic worked.  The Afumi forces broke through the Yoshino fortifications in the middle of the night and swarmed into the encampment.  Men who had been asleep were waking up to chaos.  Tarumaro's Yoshino soldiers were thrown into confusion.  Tarumaro himself, escaped, but just barely.  we are told that he noticed that the enemy kept shouting the word “kane”, and so he started doing it as well. The Afumi forces, assuming he was one of their own, left him alone.  Still, he only escaped with difficulty. His escape was no doubt critical, however.   He presumably would have headed to Tarano to try and warn Oho no Honji, but this may not have been possible, as we are told that on the following day, after the attack at Karafu pass, the Afumi commander Wosumi continued his advance, and came upon the Yoshino encampment at Tarano unexpectedly.  Still, General Honji did not back down.  With a force of hand-picked soldiers, Honji counterattacked against Wosumi and struck him.  We are told that Wosumi made it out—the only one who did—but that he did not try and make another attack.  The Yoshino forces would ultimately hold the pass and the critical juncture of Tarano.  The Afumi forces would not get a second chance. By the way, a quick note here:  I can't help but notice a bit of a trope showing up in these stories:  At Narayama, General Fukei is defeated, and is the only person who makes his escape.  Then Tarumaro is the only person to escape his defeat.  Finally, Wosumi is the only one of his forces to leave the plain of Tara. I am more than a little incredulous that these generals are the only ones who actually survived, and that the rest of the army was slaughtered.  In fact, you may recall that at the battle at Taima, General Fukei told his men not to pursue the fleeing common soldiers.  As I've tried to point out, the common soldiers were not likely as invested in the cause.  In fact, it is just as possible that the common soldiers may have changed sides and joined the other army if they thought it would serve them well.  Or maybe they were escaping and just blending into the countryside.  After all, the elites weren't really spending the time to get to know them, let along record any details about them.  So I suspect that it was more about the fact that the various armies would be broken, and the soldiers flung to the four corners, rather than that they were necessarily slaughtered.  After all, if you had the choice, would you have stayed there? A few days after Wosumi was defeated, the Yoshino general that Ohoama had sent to Iga along with Honji and Tarumaro, Ki no Omi no Abemaro, heard that their ally, Ohotomo no Fukei was in trouble in the Nara Basin.  He'd been defeated by the Afumi general Ohono no Hatayasu at Narayama,  and without reinforcements, the entire Nara Basin could fall, along with the ancient Yamato capital at Asuka. So Abemaro sent Okizome no Muraji no Usagi with more than a thousand cavalry to go assist.  They met Fukei at Sumizaka, and suddenly, things were looking up in the Nara Basin.  For more on how that turned out, check out last episode, where we covered the events in the Nara Basin. Once the events in the Nara Basin settled out, then both the Nara Basin and the Karafu pass would be well and truly in the hands of the Yoshino forces.  But there was no way for those guarding those locations to know that the fighting was over, and they would have to hold their positions until the fighting had definitively stopped.  Which brings us back to Ohoama and the Yoshino troops gathered at Fuwa, where things were about to kick off as well.  The troops at Fuwa, while being led by Ohoama and his 19 year old son, Takechi, were placed under the command of Murakuni no Muraji no Woyori—who, , as things progressed, would be noted as the primary general for the campaign that would lead Yoshino troops from Fuwa, on the offensive towards Ohotsu. The only reason that they seem to have waited before going on the offensive was that every day, more troops were coming in.  So even as the fighting was going on in Nara and at the Karafu pass, the Yoshino army at Fuwa gathered men and made their preparations.  As they did so, the Afumi court Was going to do whatever they could to try and break them, hoping that they could stop the threat posed by Ohoama and his men before they began their march. For the Afumi forces first attempt to break the Yoshino defenses at Fuwa pass, they picked troops to try and make an incursion into the village of Tamakurabe, which appears to have been in the pass itself; it was probably modern Tama district of Sekigahara.  They were repelled, however, by Izumo no Omi no Koma, who drove them off. Later, the Afumi court ordered another force of several tens of thousands of men to attack under the command of Prince Yamabe no Ou, Soga no Omi no Hatayasu, and Kose no Omi no Hito.  Soga no Hatayasu and Kose no Hito were both part of the inner circle of the Afumi court, or so it would seem.  When Prince Ohotomo had taken the reins of the government in a ceremony in the Western Hall of the Palace, he was attended by the ministers of the right and left, as well as Soga no Hatayasu, Kose no Hito, and Ki no Ushi.  They were at the very heart of this whole matter.  Prince Yamabe is a little bit more of a mystery.  We know he was someone of note, and when Prince Ohotsu was brought to his parents, they were apparently traveling under the guise of Prince Yamabe and another prince, Prince Ishikawa.  But we know little else. The three men and their Afumi troops headed out and camped on the bank of the Inukami river, near modern Hikone.  There, however, trouble broke out. The Nihon Shoki does not record exactly what it was, but there must have been some kind of falling out.  Prince Yamabe no Ou was killed by Soga no Hatayasu and Kose no Hito.  We don't know if this was due to some quarrel or what, but either way, it threw the army into a state of disarray and there was no way for them to move forward.  Soga no Hatayasu appears to have taken responsibility for whatever happened, as he headed back from Inukami, presumably back to Ohotsu, where he took his own life by stabbing himself in the throat.  There would be no attack on Fuwa Pass, however. Finally, the Nihon Shoki also recounts the story of another Afumi general, named Hata no Kimi no Yakuni, and his son, Ushi.  Together with others, who remain unnamed, they surrendered themselves to Ohoama and the Yoshino forces, rather than fighting.  It isn't clear if they were deserters, if they had been part of one of the other two attempts to take Fuwa Pass, or if there was something else going on.  Either way, Ohoama was so pleased that he welcomed them in and we are told that Hata no Yakuni was “granted a battle axe and halberd” and appointed a general.  This is probably stock phrasing, but it does seem he was given some measure of trust.  Yakuni's men were then sent north, to Koshi. We aren't quite sure what those forces' ultimate objective was.  It may have been that he was to take the northern pass and make sure that none of the Afumi troops tried to escape and head to the East along that road.  Many of the accounts of this war seem to suggest that he, or at least some part of the forces, were to head north and then come around Lake Biwa the long way.  This would mean that if Ohoama attacked, there would be no easy way to flee.  From Ohotsu they couldn't turn north without running into more troops, and their only escape would seem to be through the Afusaka pass towards the area of modern Kyoto.  And of course, whoever was victorious in the Nara Basin would then be able to control the route to the coast. It is unclear how much Ohoama could have actually known, though, about what was happening across the various distances.  Messages would have meant riders on swift horses carrying them; they couldn't just text each other what was going on. And so, with one attack repelled, another aborted, and a turncoat now on their side, Ohoama's Yoshino forces were finally ready to head out on the offensive themselves.  According to the Nihon Shoki this was on the 7th day of the 7th month—Tanabata, today, but I doubt people were paying much mind to the Weaver and the Cowherd.  Murakuni no Woyori, with the group advancing from Fuwa to Afumi, set out, and met with their first resistance at the Yokugawa river in Okinaga.  As far as I can tell, this is likely the Amano River in modern Maibara, which anyone who takes the Shinkansen between Kanto and Kansai probably recognizes as one of the usual stops.  Once again, we have a situation where, while they would have had banners flying, in the crush of battle it could be quite easy to mistake friend for foe, especially with large numbers of troops who were pulled from vastly different regions.  You had to have some way of knowing quickly who was on your side – that's why the Afumi commander Wosumi had his troops use the password “kane”, for example.  Ohoama's approach was to have his men place a red mark—possibly a ribbon or similar—on their clothing so that one could tell who, at a glance, was on their side.  As a note, later samurai would sometimes attach flags to their shoulder armor, or sode, and these “sode-jirushi” would help identify you even if people didn't recognize your armor.  Ohoama's troops may have used something similar. And so Woyori's Yoshino forces attacked the Afumi defenders, and the Afumi troops were clearly outmatched.  Woyori's men killed the Afumi commander and defeated the opposing forces. But that was just the beginning.  Afumi forces had been stationed all along the route from Fuwa to Ohotsu.  Thus it was that only two days later Woyori and his men made it to Mt. Tokoyama, probably in Hikone, by the Seri river.  There they met more Afumi soldiers, but once again they were triumphant and slew the opposing commander.   Woyori and his men were on a roll. I would point out that these battles aren't given much detail, but we do see how it progressed.  There are names of various individuals and commanders—certainly not much on the common people.  From what we can tell, this was not a rush to Ohotsu, but rather a slow march, probably doing their best to fortify their positions and make sure that nobody was sneaking up on them.  After each battle, it is some days before the next, probably spent spying out ahead and formulating plans. Woyori and his men next fought a battle on the banks of the Yasukawa River, presumably near modern Yasu city.  Here, Aston's translation claims that he suffered a great defeat, but more likely I suspect it means to say that he inflicted a great defeat on the Afumi forces, because if he had been defeated, how would he have pressed on only a few days later.  We are told that  two men, presumably the Afumi commanders, were both taken prisoner. Since we don't have anything more about them in the narrative all we can really do is assume that they must have therefore been on the side of the Afumi forces. By taking Yasu, that would have likely cut off the Afumi forces from any future considerations about using the Kurafu Pass.  The noose around Ohotsu was slowly tightening. Four days after that, on the 17th day of the 7th month, Woyori attacked and repulsed the Kurimoto army—presumably a force loyal to the Afumi court under a general named Kurimoto, or possibly raised from a place called Kurimoto, perhaps over on Awaji.  Either way, it was another victory on Woyori's belt. From there, Woyori and his men arrived at Seta, where they would have to cross the Setagawa—the Seta River. The Seta River is a wide river, and the only one flowing out of Lake Biwa.  It winds its way south and west, eventually becoming the Uji and then the Yodo rivers, which flow all the way to Naniwa—modern Ohosaka.  At the Seta river, there was a major bridge, the only way across, other than to swim.  Prince Ohotomo and his ministers, along with their entire army, were encamped on the west side of the bridge.  Their forces were so numerous that it was said you could not see all the way to the back of them.  Their banners covered the plain, and the dust of their movement caused a cloud to rise into the sky.  Their drums and songs could be heard for miles around.  We are told they even had crossbows, and when they were discharged the arrows fell like rain.  Of course, some of this may have just been more poetic license by the authors of the Nihon Shoki, but you get the picture:  There were a lot of troops on the western side of the river. The bridge itself was defended by General Chison.  We know very little of this general, as he only appears in this one part of the record, but his name implies that he may have been from the continent.  We aren't given a surname, and it is possible he was one of the Baekje refugees, now fighting for the Afumi court.  He led an advance body of specially selected troops, and in the middle of the bridge they had removed planks for about three rods or thirty feet.  Across that span was a single plank, daring anyone to try and cross it.  Of course, if they did, they would be a sitting duck in front of the enemy archers, and the plank was attached by a rope so that it could always be pulled out from under them.  It seemed as if it were impossible to advance. Finally, one of Woyori's soldiers, Ohokida no Kimi no Wakaomi, got up the courage to cross.  We are told that he put on double armor, put down his long spear, and drew his sword.  He then charged suddenly across the plank and cut the rope on the other side before the Afumi troops could pull it back.  In spite of the arrows that were raining down on him, he entered the ranks of the Afumi troops, slashing with his sword as he went.  The Afumi forces were thrown into confusion and some of them tried to leave, but General Chison drew his own sword and began to cut down anyone who tried to flee.  Still, he was unable to check the rout.  Woyori's troops secured the bridge and soon were pouring across it.  They cut down General Chison and advanced into the Afumi army, who broke and ran.  The Afumi sovereign, Ohotomo, aka Koubun Tennou, along with the Ministers of the Left and Right, narrowly escaped with their lives. Woyori and his troops marched to the foot of Awazu hill, and we are told that Hata no Yakuni, the Afumi commander who had earlier defected, and whose men were sent north to Koshi, set a siege to Miwo castle along with Izumo no Koma, who had defended against the attempted seizure of Tamakurabe.  Presumably this is Mio, south of Ohotsu, and it was likely guarding the southern approach to the Afumi capital. The only thing here that gives me pause is that we were earlier told that Yakuni's men, after he defected, were sent to Koshi.  So was Yakuni not with them?  Had he returned?  Or had the troops made it all the way around Lake Biwa already, taking the longer route up and around the lake? Regardless of how it happened, Yakuni and Koma were able to take Miwo castle.  As a reminder, a “castle” at this time would have likely been defined more by its walls, which were probably rammed earth and wood—not the elegantly sloping stone walls and  donjon base that would come to typify castles of the Warring States period. The following day, Woyori and his men continued their pursuit.  At the Awazu marketplace, Woyori ran into the Afumi generals Inukahi no Muraji no Isokimi and Hasama no Atahe no Shihote.  We mentioned Isokimi last episode—he was the Afumi commander attacking the Middle Road in the Nara Basin.  His deputy, Kujira, had been defeated, and it seems Isokimi had retreated back to Afumi and rejoined the main force. He would not be quite so fortunate this time.  Isokimi and Shihote were both slain, and Ohotomo fled once again.  He didn't get very far, hiding at Yamazaki, thought to be near the site of the modern city hall, in Ohotsu. Despite his best efforts, he knew he would be discovered, and he eventually strangled himself, rather than facing the humiliation and punishment that would come with capture. With Ohotomo dead, the other ministers of the Afumi court dispersed and fled.  Woyori and his men, meeting up at Sasanami, hunted down the Ministers of the Left and Right—Soga no Akaye and Nakatomi no Kane—as well as others who had fought with Ohotomo and who were considered criminals. They were all marched back to Fuwa, where, on the 25th day of the 7th month, Ohotomo's head was presented to Ohoama.  The war, it seems, was over. Or at least, the fighting was over.  There was still a lot to be settled.  First off, it would hardly have been practical to wipe out every single person on the losing side.  For one thing, that would have devastated the Court even further, likely creating a huge power vacuum.  In addition, many of the supporters on both sides were not necessarily there out of purely partisan reasons.  I would point out that many of the family names that we see in the record are found on both sides of the conflict.  Inukahi no Isokimi may have fought for Ohotomo, but we also see an Inukahi no Ohotomo fighting on the behalf of Ohoama.  Fumi no Nemaro was a major commander in Ohoama's army, while Fumi no Kusuri had been sent by the Afumi court to raise troops in the East Country.  And Hasama no Shihote was killed with Isokimi at Awazu, while a Hasama no Nemaro was working under the command of General Fukei, in Nara, to guard Tatsuta. There wasn't necessarily a simple divide along family lines.  It is possible that these individuals were all fairly well removed from each other, and from different parts of their respective families, or clans. They are often given different kabane, the family rank system used at this time, though I suspect that may have more to do with later changes, with those on the winning side being promoted over those who supported the Afumi court.  However, it is also the case that Japan has a long history of family members supporting both sides in any major conflict.  That way, no matter who wins, the family itself finds itself on the winning side. But there did have to be some accountability.  This is something that one can point to time and again—if the losing side is not held accountable for their actions, then what is to prevent them from just regrouping and trying again?  And yet that need for justice and punishment must be tempered with some amount of humanity. Ultimately, about one month after the end of the war, eight of the Afumi ministers were found guilty of truly heinous offences and they were condemned to suffer what the Nihon Shoki says was the “Extreme Penalty”.  The Minister of the Right, Nakatomi no Kane, was executed at Tane, in Asai.  Meanwhile the Minister of the Left, Soga no Akaye; along with the Dainagon, or Grand Councillor, Kose no Hito, as well as their children and grandchildren, along with the children of the late Nakatomi no Kane and Soga no Hatayasu, were all sent into banishment.  All others were pardoned. And of course those who had supported Ohoama, and who had come to his aid, were given public favour and reward.  In many cases this likely meant receiving high office and corresponding rank, along with increased stipend payments.  There is a notable shift in the makeup of the court, going forward, and it seems clear that families would want to associate themselves with those who fought on Ohoama's side, rather than Ohotomo's, if they could help it.  That was no doubt a part of works like the various diaries and house records that would have been used to compile the Nihon Shoki, recording the deeds that any house did for the throne. Along with all of the punishments and plaudits that were meted out in the 8th month of 672, there was one more event—something of an outlier.  We are told that Chihisakobe no Muraji no Sabichi, the governor of the province of Wohari, went off into the mountains and committed suicide. Sabichi had originally met Ohoama at the Kuwana district house—the local government office—when he had first arrived from Yoshino.  He had a large number of troops—20,000 by the Nihon Shoki's count—which helped Ohoama to ultimately defeat the Afumi court.  So why he would go off into the mountains and commit suicide was anyone's guess.  The Nihon Shoki suggests that it was possible that his allegiance had changed, and he may have been trying to plot against Ohoama.  Perhaps he had been convinced that Afumi court was going to come out on top, and so had begun some plot.  Or he just had a falling out or became disillusioned for some reason.  Whatever it was, it remains a mystery, even today. With the war concluded, it was time for Ohoama to make his way from the field to the Capital so that he could transition to ruling the State properly.  But Ohoama was not interested, it would seem, in setting himself up in his brother's capital.  Setting up in the Ohotsu capital may have raised a few eyebrows.  It had not been a completely popular move to begin with, and it was also the home of the Afumi court's legitimacy.  To take up the throne there, I can only imagine that it would have further reinforced the idea that Ohoama was the usurper, taking the throne that was meant for his nephew.  Instead, he made the decision to travel to the ancient capital, in Asuka, but he was not in a hurry. They headed out on the 8th day of the 9th month of 672, making it from Fuwa to Kuwana.  Here he likely met up with his wife, Princess Uno, and his ten year old son, Prince Ohotsu.  The following day they headed out, traveling back along the route that they had taken from Yoshino, but at a much more leisurely route.  The royal carriage stayed the night in Suzuka.  From there, it was another day to Abe, likely referring to modern Ahai county, in Iga, near Ueno city.  They then continued on to Nabari.  Finally, on the 12th day,they arrived at the Yamato capital—that is to say Asuka—and Ohoama took up residence for a time at the Shima Palace.  This was only, it seems, to give people time to get the actual palace ready, because three days later, Ohoama moved into the Wokamoto Palace.  And with that, Ohoama began the work of running the state—but there was still plenty to prepare.  For one thing, there were foreign embassies—Kim Ap-sil and others arrived.  It was still going to take a while to get the capital ready for guests, though.  From what we can tell, they were probably building a grand new palace, and it would take some time for it to be prepared.  So the Silla embassy was entertained in Tsukushi, where Prince Kurikuma would have been in charge of hosting them.  They were likely filled on the new developments and provided a ship. Meanwhile, Ohoama made sure that all of the appropriate rewards were given out.  On the 4th day of the 12th month, we are told that all those who had rendered services were given higher cap-ranks, based on what they had done. And as the year 672 closes out—and with it, the first of the two Chronicles for Ohoama, the soon-to-be elevated Temmu Tennou. But there is one final entry, marking the death of Wina no Kimi no Takami in the 12th month of the year.  We know that Wina no Kimi no *Iwasuki* was working for the Afumi court, sent to rally troops in the East, but he fled when they encountered Ohoama's troops at Fuwa Pass.  Takami, on the other hand, we know little about, but I suspect may have been on the side of Ohoama.  It is an odd entry, and, like so many, unexplained.  Perhaps it meant something to the people of the early 8th century, but if so, that meaning is likely lost to us. And so we close the book on the Jinshin no Ran—the Jinshin War, or possibly the Disturbance or even Rebellion, depending on how you feel about it.  This account is one of the most detailed we have of this kind of event, and yet it does not seem that it was entirely unique.  There are plenty of indications that previous sovereigns had to fight their way to the throne, or else had to repel others who would try to take it by force.  This was almost a tradition among the royal house of Yamato.  But now that the matter of succession was well and truly settled, it was time to get on with other things. Who knows what an Afumi court may have done and how they could have changed things.  What we do know is what Ohoama—and his queen, Uno no Himemiko—did.  They built upon, or in some cases possibly even fabricated, the legacy of Naka no Oe.  They would set in stone many of the things that had been put in place, and at the same time make certain changes, as well.  The Yamato state was getting started. And we'll start to dive into that next episode.  Until then, thank you once again for listening and for all of your support. If you like what we are doing, please tell your friends and feel free to rate us wherever you listen to podcasts.  If you feel the need to do more, and want to help us keep this going, we have information about how you can donate on Patreon or through our KoFi site, ko-fi.com/sengokudaimyo, or find the links over at our main website,  SengokuDaimyo.com/Podcast, where we will have some more discussion on topics from this episode. Also, feel free to reach out to our Sengoku Daimyo Facebook page.  You can also email us at the.sengoku.daimyo@gmail.com.  Thank you, also, to Ellen for their work editing the podcast. And that's all for now.  Thank you again, and I'll see you next episode on Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  

Med Anders Giæver, Astrid Meland, Hanne Skartveit og Frøy Gudbrandsen. Produsent Simon David Adam og Martin Frogner. Ansvarlig redaktør Gard Steiro. Kontakt redaksjonen på giaeveroggjengen@vg.no. Giæver & gjengen gir deg de viktigste nyhetene hver dag på drøye 20 minutter når du skal hjem fra jobb. Alltid på Podme.

Cestovatel Tadeáš Šíma už napříč Zambií našlapal na kole přes 1500 kilometrů a hranice stále nejsou na dohled. Navíc putuje v období sucha, kdy proti němu vane silný východní vítr. Kromě cyklistické dřiny se ale Tadeáš v Zambii setkal taky s neobyčejnou etnickou i jazykovou pestrostí nebo s fenoménem tradičních řízených požárů buše. Co v Zambii zůstalo po britských kolonizátorech a jak blízko byl Tadeáš zranění, které mohlo celou jeho cestu ukončit?

Parahokejového gólmana Michala Vápenku nepřehlednete, na ledě ani v reálném životě. Má totiž skoro dva metry a je jednou z tváří projektu Olympijský rok Radiožurnálu. Český reprezentant má protézu na levé noze, a také problém koupit si obuv na zdravou nohu.

Parahokejového gólmana Michala Vápenku nepřehlednete, na ledě ani v reálném životě. Má totiž skoro dva metry a je jednou z tváří projektu Olympijský rok Radiožurnálu. Český reprezentant má protézu na levé noze, a také problém koupit si obuv na zdravou nohu.Všechny díly podcastu Seriál Radiožurnálu můžete pohodlně poslouchat v mobilní aplikaci mujRozhlas pro Android a iOS nebo na webu mujRozhlas.cz.

K Litomyšli patří renesanční zámek, památka UNESCO. A k zámku zase renesanční sgrafita. Právě okolo jednoho z nich se točí zážitková hra Sgrafíkova cesta. Zábavnou formou vám přiblíží ikonická místa a památky Zámeckého návrší.

Cestovatel Tadeáš Šíma už napříč Zambií našlapal na kole přes 1500 kilometrů a hranice stále nejsou na dohled. Navíc putuje v období sucha, kdy proti němu vane silný východní vítr. Kromě cyklistické dřiny se ale Tadeáš v Zambii setkal taky s neobyčejnou etnickou i jazykovou pestrostí nebo s fenoménem tradičních řízených požárů buše. Co v Zambii zůstalo po britských kolonizátorech a jak blízko byl Tadeáš zranění, které mohlo celou jeho cestu ukončit?Všechny díly podcastu Seriál Radiožurnálu můžete pohodlně poslouchat v mobilní aplikaci mujRozhlas pro Android a iOS nebo na webu mujRozhlas.cz.

Můžete si říct, že do zimy daleko, ale za biatlonistou Michalem Krčmářem s tím rozhodně nechoďte. Sezona mu sice začne na konci listopadu a olympiáda je až v únoru, ale teď už má za sebou několik měsíců tréninku a také střelecké i běžecké testy. Byli jsme u toho s naším reportážním projektem olympijský rok, ve kterém sledujeme přípravu vybraných českých sportovců na olympijských hrách v Itálii.

V najnovšej epizóde podcastu Striedame! na ŠPORT.sk privítali Julo a Muťo mimoriadnu hosťku - Andreu Václavínek, producentku úspešnej dokumentárnej série Do neba a do pekla, ktorá sa dostala pod kožu slovenským futbalovým klubom a odhalila ich vnútorný svet.Andrea Václavínek, ktorá spolu s kolegom Marekom Prochácom tvorí gro produkčného tímu, poodhalila v rozhovore zaujímavé detaily z nakrúcania dokumentov o Spartaku Trnava, MŠK Žilina a najnovšie aj o Slovane Bratislava.Čo sa v podcaste dozviete? Ako sa tvorcom podarilo dostať do šatní klubov a prelomiť počiatočnú nedôveru hráčov aj funkcionárov? Aké rozdielne sú prístupy jednotlivých klubov k natáčaniu? Julo a Muťo sa pýtali aj na konkrétne pikošky zo zákulisia - napríklad na momenty, keď im tréner povedal „teraz vypnite kamery” alebo na reakcie hráčov, keď sa v ich blízkosti objavila žena s kamerou.Andrea Václavínek otvorene hovorí o rozdieloch medzi natáčaním v jednotlivých kluboch: „Ak by sme išli ako do prvého klubu do Slovana, tak si myslím, že by nás slušne vy*akovali. Teraz už videli, že nie sme čudní, tak nás zobrali...” Zaujímavé je aj porovnanie prístupu mladých hráčov Žiliny s „hviezdami” Slovana.Producenti sa snažili zachytiť aj osobné príbehy futbalistov mimo ihriska - od návštev v ich domácnostiach až po stretnutia s partnerkami či rodinami. „Snažili sme sa tam dať aj nejaký inside, ako ísť k ním domov alebo riešiť s nimi nejaké iné aktivity,” prezrádza Andrea Václavínek.V najnovšej epizóde sa dozviete aj to, ktorí hráči Andreu Václavínek najviac prekvapili svojou inteligenciou a osobnosťou - medzi nimi Marko Tolič, Kevin Wimmer, ale aj tréner Vladimír Weiss, o ktorom producentka prezrádza: „Človek vidí, že mu naozaj reálne záleží na hráčoch.”Seriál Do neba a do pekla patrí podľa Andrey Václavínek k najsledovanejším formátom na Voyo a fanúšikovia sa môžu tešiť aj na ďalšie projekty. Kam sa produkčný tím pozrie najbližšie? A plánujú rozšíriť svoj záber aj na iné športy? To všetko sa dozviete v najnovšej epizóde podcastu Striedame! na ŠPORT.sk.

Můžete si říct, že do zimy daleko, ale za biatlonistou Michalem Krčmářem s tím rozhodně nechoďte. Sezona mu sice začne na konci listopadu a olympiáda je až v únoru, ale teď už má za sebou několik měsíců tréninku a také střelecké i běžecké testy. Byli jsme u toho s naším reportážním projektem olympijský rok, ve kterém sledujeme přípravu vybraných českých sportovců na olympijských hrách v Itálii.Všechny díly podcastu Seriál Radiožurnálu můžete pohodlně poslouchat v mobilní aplikaci mujRozhlas pro Android a iOS nebo na webu mujRozhlas.cz.

V najnovšej epizóde podcastu Striedame! na ŠPORT.sk privítali Julo a Muťo mimoriadnu hosťku - Andreu Václavínek, producentku úspešnej dokumentárnej série Do neba a do pekla, ktorá sa dostala pod kožu slovenským futbalovým klubom a odhalila ich vnútorný svet.Andrea Václavínek, ktorá spolu s kolegom Marekom Prochácom tvorí gro produkčného tímu, poodhalila v rozhovore zaujímavé detaily z nakrúcania dokumentov o Spartaku Trnava, MŠK Žilina a najnovšie aj o Slovane Bratislava.Čo sa v podcaste dozviete? Ako sa tvorcom podarilo dostať do šatní klubov a prelomiť počiatočnú nedôveru hráčov aj funkcionárov? Aké rozdielne sú prístupy jednotlivých klubov k natáčaniu? Julo a Muťo sa pýtali aj na konkrétne pikošky zo zákulisia - napríklad na momenty, keď im tréner povedal „teraz vypnite kamery” alebo na reakcie hráčov, keď sa v ich blízkosti objavila žena s kamerou.Andrea Václavínek otvorene hovorí o rozdieloch medzi natáčaním v jednotlivých kluboch: „Ak by sme išli ako do prvého klubu do Slovana, tak si myslím, že by nás slušne vy*akovali. Teraz už videli, že nie sme čudní, tak nás zobrali...” Zaujímavé je aj porovnanie prístupu mladých hráčov Žiliny s „hviezdami” Slovana.Producenti sa snažili zachytiť aj osobné príbehy futbalistov mimo ihriska - od návštev v ich domácnostiach až po stretnutia s partnerkami či rodinami. „Snažili sme sa tam dať aj nejaký inside, ako ísť k ním domov alebo riešiť s nimi nejaké iné aktivity,” prezrádza Andrea Václavínek.V najnovšej epizóde sa dozviete aj to, ktorí hráči Andreu Václavínek najviac prekvapili svojou inteligenciou a osobnosťou - medzi nimi Marko Tolič, Kevin Wimmer, ale aj tréner Vladimír Weiss, o ktorom producentka prezrádza: „Človek vidí, že mu naozaj reálne záleží na hráčoch.”Seriál Do neba a do pekla patrí podľa Andrey Václavínek k najsledovanejším formátom na Voyo a fanúšikovia sa môžu tešiť aj na ďalšie projekty. Kam sa produkčný tím pozrie najbližšie? A plánujú rozšíriť svoj záber aj na iné športy? To všetko sa dozviete v najnovšej epizóde podcastu Striedame! na ŠPORT.sk.

Jan Zabystřan se brzy začne chystat na novou sezonu. Ta bude mít vrchol na olympijských hrách. Český lyžař, kterého sledujeme v projektu olympijský rok, se teď baví i dalšími sporty. Třeba wakeboardingem, surfingem a dalšími způsoby, jak využít prkno na vodní hladině. Kdyby Zabystřan závodně nelyžoval, dělal by nejspíš profesionálně nějaký jiný sport.

Jan Zabystřan se brzy začne chystat na novou sezonu. Ta bude mít vrchol na olympijských hrách. Český lyžař, kterého sledujeme v projektu olympijský rok, se teď baví i dalšími sporty. Třeba wakeboardingem, surfingem a dalšími způsoby, jak využít prkno na vodní hladině. Kdyby Zabystřan závodně nelyžoval, dělal by nejspíš profesionálně nějaký jiný sport.Všechny díly podcastu Seriál Radiožurnálu můžete pohodlně poslouchat v mobilní aplikaci mujRozhlas pro Android a iOS nebo na webu mujRozhlas.cz.

Ketika kita masih bayi, kita menerima air susu ibu, yang membuat kita bisa hidup bertumbuh sampai saat ini. Di titik itu, kita menerima, kita merasakan tetapi disisi yang sama kita tidak paham apa itu air susu ibu. Dan dalam pertumbuhan kita, baru kita diberi tahu, dijelaskan bahwa air susu ibu yang menolong kita menerima asupan dan bisa ada sampai saat ini. Sehingga dari pemahaman membawa kepada pengenalan, dan mulai dari situ kita tidak bisa jauh dari mama, tidak bisa tanpa mama, dan kita selalu mencari mama untuk tetap dekat dengan mama. Ada banyak orang kristen sampai pada level pemahaman akan Allah tetapi tidak mengenal Allah. Kita paham bahwa, Allah pernah menjawab doa-doa kita, Ia memulihkan hidup kita, tetapi tidak hanya sampai disitu saja sebab, semua yang kita alami harus disertai dengan pengetahuan yang benar dalam segala macam pengertian. Untuk itu penting sekali untuk mengetahui 4 poin penting dalam mengenal Allah, yang ada dalam Seri 2 - Mengenal Kristus | Ps. Charles Bessie, Gembala Senior Gereja C3 Reach Pemulihan Kupang. Mari temukan apa keempat poin penting tersebut, silahkan dibagikan. Tuhan Yesus memberkati dan selamat mendengarkan.

Ode dneška přesně za půl roku začnou v Miláně olympijské hry. Na hokejový turnaj přijedou nejlepší hokejisté světa. V českém týmu by si rád s hvězdami NHL zahrál i protagonista projektu Radiožurnálu Olympijský rok Ondřej Beránek. Ten už v uplynulé extraligové sezoně udělal k nominaci výrazný krok, když se stal nejlepším střelcem soutěže.

Ode dneška přesně za půl roku začnou v Miláně olympijské hry. Na hokejový turnaj přijedou nejlepší hokejisté světa. V českém týmu by si rád s hvězdami NHL zahrál i protagonista projektu Radiožurnálu Olympijský rok Ondřej Beránek. Ten už v uplynulé extraligové sezoně udělal k nominaci výrazný krok, když se stal nejlepším střelcem soutěže.Všechny díly podcastu Seriál Radiožurnálu můžete pohodlně poslouchat v mobilní aplikaci mujRozhlas pro Android a iOS nebo na webu mujRozhlas.cz.

Galeria obrazów w Łazienkach Królewskich nie jest dziś szczególnie spektakularna. Swego czasu była to jednak znacznie większa kolekcja, w której nie brakowało dzieł znanych artystów. Burzliwe losy Rzeczypospolitej sprawiły jednak, że rozproszyły się one po świecie. W najnowszym sezonie  tego podcastu będziemy podróżować ich tropem. Odwiedzimy Warszawę, Petersburg, Amsterdam, Londyn, a nawet Nowy Jork. Wszędzie tam można dziś podziwiać obrazy z dawnej kolekcji Stanisława Augusta Poniatowskiego.Zanim ruszymy jednak w drogę, chciałabym w wielkim skrócie opowiedzieć Wam o zamyśle i historii tej kolekcji. Tym, jakie obrazy, król najchętniej włączał do swojego zbioru, skąd właściwie je brał oraz co dokładnie stało się z nimi po jego abdykacji. Zapraszam na odcinek!----------------Zrealizowano w ramach stypendium Ministra Kultury i Dziedzictwa Narodowego-------Transkrypcję i reprodukcje omawianych obrazów znajdziesz na stronie podcastu: https://przedobrazem.pl/muzeum-niedokonczone-wprowadzenieMuzyka wykorzystana w odcinku pochodzi ze strony Epidemic Sounds oraz Free Music Archive-------IG: https://www.instagram.com/przed_obrazemFB: https://www.facebook.com/podcast.przedobrazem

S režisérem Lukášem Hanulákem, kritičkou Táňou Zabloudilovou, kreativní producentkou Kateřinou Ondřejkovou a novinářem Ondřejem Kundrou o ztvárnění politiky v seriálech. Moderuje Jindřiška Bláhová. Je tuzemská politika „měkká“ a provinční na dynamický žánr politického thrilleru a nabízí spíš náměty na komedie? Nebo minisérie Moloch, Bez vědomí, Rédl či vznikající Naši lidé ukazují, že i tady se mu může dařit? Jaká politická témata se tu nabízejí, jak pracovat se skutečností nebo napsat důvěryhodné hrdiny? A jak vůbec vypadá dobrý seriál o politice? Debata Jindřišky Bláhové s režisérem Lukášem Hanulákem, kritičkou Táňou Zabloudilovou, kreativní producentkou Kateřinou Ondřejkovou a novinářem Ondřejem Kundrou.

Pavel, Terka, Maruška, Barča a Víno jsou na stezce, a na ní se pomoc neodmítá. Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/nahravkyovcibabicky Přijďte si s námi popovídat na našem Discordu: https://discord.gg/EzCqp74 Stránka podcastu: https://nahravkyovcibabicky.cz RSS feed: http://nahravkyovcibabicky.libsyn.com/rss YouTube: Nahrávky ovčí babičky Spotify: Nahrávky ovčí babičky iTunes: Nahrávky ovčí babičky Google Podcasts:  Nahrávky ovčí babičky Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/nahravkyovcibabicky/ Blog: https://nahravkyovcibabicky.wordpress.com/ Seriálové osudí: https://serialoveosudi.libsyn.com/ Hrdinská hodinka: https://hrdinskahodinka.libsyn.com/ Uvítáme vaše připomínky/náměty/dotazy v komentářích; najdete nás na Facebooku https://www.facebook.com/PSPictures/; můžete nám poslat e-mail na nahravkyovcibabicky@gmail.com

Za půl roku začnou v Itálii zimní olympijské hry. Vůbec nejmladším sportovcem z šestice vybraných českých reprezentantů v našem projektu Olympijský rok reprezentantů je jednadvacetiletý freestyle snowboardista Jakub Hroneš, který aktuálně v Evropě nemůže trénovat na sněhu. To mu ale nevadí. U rakousko-německých hranic je totiž místo, kde se dá trénovat i v létě.Všechny díly podcastu Seriál Radiožurnálu můžete pohodlně poslouchat v mobilní aplikaci mujRozhlas pro Android a iOS nebo na webu mujRozhlas.cz.

Letní, týdenní a poměrně intenzivní kemp zažívají české hokejistky v Praze ve Strašnicích, kde se sešly hráčky širšího kádru, ale také už velmi zkušené reprezentantky. Mezi ně patří Michaela Pejzlová, která působí ve švýcarské lize a do Česka se vrací jen párkrát do roka. Jaký je zatím její olympijský rok?Všechny díly podcastu Seriál Radiožurnálu můžete pohodlně poslouchat v mobilní aplikaci mujRozhlas pro Android a iOS nebo na webu mujRozhlas.cz.

Seriál Ladies pokračuje rozhovorem Milana Michalka s ženou mnoha rolí Libuší Pavelkovou, která se kromě velké rodiny věnovala nebo věnuje práci v nadaci, finanční gramotnosti, pěstounské péči nebo vedení pobočky v oblasti servisu mobilních zařízení.

Do sveta modelingu bola vhodená už ako malé dievča. Musela sa vyrovnať s tlakom okolia a profesionálneho sveta na svoje telo. Naučila sa, ako svoje telo milovať, ako získať sebavedomie. Hoci prešla svet, Slovensko ju spoznalo najmä cez seriál Sľub ako Danu. Ženu na druhej koľaji. Aká je Adri, keď sa vypnú kamery? Otvorene o ženskom tele, hereckom prostredí na Slovensku aj súkromí sme sa porozprávali pre náš podcast Ženy ako my.Instagram je už taký “dokonalý“, že ju to často nudí. Pretvarovať sa nevie a vie zdieľať aj smutné a ťažké momenty, pretože ako hovorí „je to súčasť života“. Hoci vďaka joge si svoje myšlienky aj emócie dokáže behom dňa upratať. „Ľudia sú často prekvapení, že niekedy som až príliš otvorená“, priznáva.V dnešnom podcaste Ženy ako my sme sa rozprávali s herečkou a modelkou Adri Novakov.Miami bolo pozlátko, prednosť dostala rodina„Odišla som z USA do Hamburgu a tam som strávila tri utrápené týždne a premýšľala, čo mi v živote chýba. Tikali mi už biologické hodiny, tak som si naplánovala rodinu.“ Adri už dva týždne po pôrode išla na prvý casting, dva mesiace po ňom cestovala a fotila aj s bábätkom.„Druhé bábätko by som si ale už užila viac,“ priznáva otvorene.Negatívne postavy odhalili jej vlastné temné stránky„Keď príde na pľac unudený herec alebo herečka, ktorí to už chcú mať rýchlo za sebou a nevedia sa do toho vložiť, emócie zo seba nevydolujem ani ja,“ priznáva otvorene Adri. Niektorí profesionálni či vyštudovaní herci sa totiž na nehercov a neherečky pozerajú krivým okom s pocitom neférovosti. Ona by však príležitosti dávala všetkým, pretože podľa nej často na Slovensku fungujú známosti a šancu dostanú najmä tí z hereckých rodín.„Danu som ľutovala a súčasne som sa snažila naučiť mať ju rada, pretože sama bola nešťastná“, priznáva Adri, ako sa stotožňovala s negatívnou postavu, ktorú hrala.Súčasne sa jej stalo aj to, že ju nedokázala pustiť z hlavy a brala si ju, aj jej emócie domov.V rozhovore prezrádza, ako sa s temnou stránkou Dany vyrovnávala, keď sa jej dostala pod kožu až príliš.V podcaste sa okrem iného dozviete:Ako sa jej podarilo vybudovať si nezlomné sebavedomiePrečo nemôže byť každá modelka “typ Versace“Skutočne dnes svet modelingu akceptuje aj plnoštíhle ženy?Prečo ju zlákalo herectvo a ako sa jej podarilo získať jednu z hlavných úloh v seriáli Sľub?Aký bol návrat z Ameriky na Slovensko?Vníma nevraživosť zo strany vyštudovaných hercov?Vyplavujú negatívne postavy v hercoch ich vlastné temné stránky?Či musí niekedy hrať aj v bežnom životeČi si trúfa na divadlo?Čo by odkázala ženám, ktoré sa cítia neviditeľné a nedocenené?Aké ženské dedičstvo by zanechala svojej malej dcérkeČi verí na veľkú lásku alebo skôr pokojný život po boku partnera

Jen několik kilometrů jihovýchodně od Plzně se nachází zámek Kozel, oblíbené výletní místo a významná ukázka klasicistní architektury v České republice. Přízemní lovecký zámeček z konce 18. století zaujme nejen svou historií, ale i krásným zámeckým parkem a zachovalými interiéry.

Jen několik kilometrů jihovýchodně od Plzně se nachází zámek Kozel, oblíbené výletní místo a významná ukázka klasicistní architektury v České republice. Přízemní lovecký zámeček z konce 18. století zaujme nejen svou historií, ale i krásným zámeckým parkem a zachovalými interiéry.

Jen několik kilometrů jihovýchodně od Plzně se nachází zámek Kozel, oblíbené výletní místo a významná ukázka klasicistní architektury v České republice. Přízemní lovecký zámeček z konce 18. století zaujme nejen svou historií, ale i krásným zámeckým parkem a zachovalými interiéry.

Jen několik kilometrů jihovýchodně od Plzně se nachází zámek Kozel, oblíbené výletní místo a významná ukázka klasicistní architektury v České republice. Přízemní lovecký zámeček z konce 18. století zaujme nejen svou historií, ale i krásným zámeckým parkem a zachovalými interiéry.

„Bylo mi osmnáct a šli jsme s třídou do divadla. Hynek Čermák hrál Richarda III. Představení se nedohrálo, protože spolužáci dělali strašný binec. Ale ve mně se tenkrát něco zlomilo,“ vzpomíná herec v Blízkých setkáních. S Vasilem Fridrichem mluvil o herectví, o Shakespearovských slavnostech, o Anně Slováčkové, o seriálech Zlatá labuť, Chlap, Ordinace v růžové zahradě a pro Krimi léto na Dvojce o sérii Bora, ale i o plavání anebo o své knize Pan Bůh a paní Bohová mají krizi…Všechny díly podcastu Blízká setkání můžete pohodlně poslouchat v mobilní aplikaci mujRozhlas pro Android a iOS nebo na webu mujRozhlas.cz.

„Bylo mi osmnáct a šli jsme s třídou do divadla. Hynek Čermák hrál Richarda III. Představení se nedohrálo, protože spolužáci dělali strašný binec. Ale ve mně se tenkrát něco zlomilo,“ vzpomíná herec v Blízkých setkáních. S Vasilem Fridrichem mluvil o herectví, o Shakespearovských slavnostech, o Anně Slováčkové, o seriálech Zlatá labuť, Chlap, Ordinace v růžové zahradě a pro Krimi léto na Dvojce o sérii Bora, ale i o plavání anebo o své knize Pan Bůh a paní Bohová mají krizi…

Maskáče sice nenosí, ale k vojákům rozhodně patří. Na Pražském hradě psi hlídají sídlo prezidenta a také hledají výbušniny. Pětiletá fenka německého ovčáka, která se jmenuje Ara, se právě teď sžívá s novým psovodem, četařem Vojtěchem Hovorkou. „Jeden z našich úkolů na Hradě je, když se objeví nějaké neznámé zavazadlo, ho zkontrolovat. Pokud by to pes označil, tak tomu přichází pyrotechnik,“ popisuje Hovorka. „Díky bohu jsme na Hradě ještě nic nenašli.“

Velký huňatý pes Archie je nejen parťákem na rodinné dovolené, ale i při náročných pátracích akcích v horách. Těch má kynologická brigáda Horské služby na třicet ročně. Hledá hlavně seniory a děti. Jednou za dva roky vyrážejí týmy psů a psovodů zachraňovat i po pádu laviny. „Archie trénuje pátrání po pohřešovaných lidech od štěněte. Musí umět poslouchat, hledat a být parťák. Nejvíc ale miluje let vrtulníkem,“ popisuje práci s belgickým ovčákem psovod Marek Podsedníček.

Psovod Filip Dvořák z Českolipska a jeho služební pes Norman mají asi nejmodřejší oči z celého policejního sboru. Norman je kříženec a taky nejspíš první psí policejní posila z útulku. „Je takový jiný, prostě takový pérák. Rád skáče, běhá. Ze začátku jsem s tím dělal akorát poslušnost a běhal jsem s ním. Pak jsem s ním začal dělat stopy, a ve finále skončil u policie,“ popisuje Filip Dvořák.

https://www.patreon.com/windahTranskrip: https://www.patreon.com/posts/seri-kata-15-135057280?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=postshare_creator&utm_content=join_linkTerjemahan: https://www.patreon.com/posts/eng-seri-kata-15-135057422?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=postshare_creator&utm_content=join_linkBerjalan = bergerak dengan kaki atau roda (untuk kendaraan)Jalan tikus = jalan-jalan kecil yang hanya bisa dilewati motorJalan buntu = jalan yang tertutup di ujungnyaJalan di tempat = jalan tapi tidak maju, sesuatu yang tidak ada kemajuanBanyak jalan menuju Roma = banyak cara untuk mencapai satu tujuanDi mana ada kemauan, pasti ada jalan = kalau kita berusaha, tujuan kita pasti tercapaiGambar: Dongguan, China, 2025Terima kasih banyak atas dukungannya untuk:SAHABAT WINDAHAkiramJayNyong Jago Bob GenericJohn nyMartin JankovskýWilliam ChenDawid GerstelDRamzan BAlex PepinnsSebastianAlexander ScholtesJrobabuja11 RoboNicholai LidowAliteJack William HusbandsAndre ChampouxDemiAlastair JudsonKatherine WalkerLino ArboledaLeon KwekCameron Edinger-ReeveSam BayleyLivvieIsmail OtchiChrisRussell BarlowMary PopeIga Komar帥志 Shuai Chih LinBjornrappangeHossein KhoshtaghazaAldoParis LuckowskiMatthew O'ConnorRussell OgdenYaszalix子强 孙Bart van de KampWC Kon태엽 주Arthur NazaryanDaniel KaposiEmily HuangBenjamin SaySussanTEMAN WINDAHJohn McBride  Kristofer Nivens  P. Clayton D. Causey, CT  Vanessa HackJohn ShumLuis PaezCraig RedriffMariusCharlotteJonny 5Jose LorenzoJeremyLulunMadeleine MillerAngelo CaonRossi von der BorchSicily FiennesEm McDermottMeredith R NormanTom Simamora ThatcherTim DoolingDevin NailAlissa Sjuryadi-TrowbridgeBillEric EmerTarquam James McKennaAmanda BlossStephen MSusan & Ben SetiawanJensBen HarrisonNaota YanagiharaHans WagnerJustin WilsonJayZane RubaiiBenjaminDerynAlexH HMatt WintersAlec MitchellVinceDanielBertiSugiyamaAtsuko MaenoMosaStephen GrahamHannah RowntreeColleen Thornton-WardAilise Sweeney-LoweJimmyYng KenjicnxuFlorian HopfKurt VerschuerenJoakimRyosuke SudaBerberJeroen VellekoopJan NedermeijerMatthewTakeshi YamafujiNatePatrickMiquelFeeJingle YanMathias朗 桑田Benedikt GanderBen PlayfordLauraKenji YanaguRicky ZhangVacanza TropicaleBill Dalton惠羽 蔡Sophie Hoestereyこ ぱるDouglas HerrickTim SomervilleMaxence AKFSF BEddoMarc EberJaime NoriegaJin Kimivy babyJessica BruntonMark ChavezDevlin KuyekDaniel TanDawn TanNeoKimchiSpiritAnders RydbergPaulie MoraAndrew RogersPaula Bradley蕾戴PENDENGAR SETIAColumba TierneyLuciano HespanholHH JorgensenAmina AljehaniJannedCamillelishan fengluan

Zatímco v Krkonoších nebo na Šumavě je turistů místy až moc, v Českém lese je to úplně naopak. V posledním dílu seriálu o overturismu vás proto zavedeme na místo, kam se naopak turisty snaží přilákat, a to třeba na nouzová nocoviště uprostřed přírody. To první vzniklo letos na soukromém pozemku na místě zaniklé vesnice Hraničky na Tachovsku.

České středohoří sice netrápí davy turistů, i tak ale oblast patří do našeho seriálu o nadměrném turistickém ruchu. Ochránci přírody tam stále častěji řeší nelegální vjezdy čtyřkolkářů, a to například u vrchu Klobouk, u Děčína, v okolí Bukové hory, na Březině, v soutěsce Rytina nebo na vrchu Dlouhá. Pokud strážci neukázněné řidiče chytí, hrozí jim pokuty v řádech desítek tisíc korun.

Hranice Namibie, Zambie, Botswany a Zimbabwe a průsečík v jednom místě nedaleko Viktoriiných vodopádů. V této oblasti v srdci jižní Afriky zanechal svoji stopu hodně cestovatelů. Včetně Emila Holuba. Poslechněte si reportáž Tadeáše Šímy.

Kvilda, prameny Vltavy nebo Plešné jezero, to jsou místa, kde nikdy nebudete sami. Taky Šumava trpí takzvaným overturismem, kterému se věnujeme v našem seriálu. Některé lokality, které byly dříve dostupné jen pěším návštěvníkům, zažívají v létě nápor turistů i kvůli rozvoji elektrokol. Cyklisty vyvezou do míst, kam by bez motoru na Šumavě vyšlápli jen stěží.

Extrémní množství turistů na jednom místě, a o kus dál poloprázdno. Tak můžeme popsat lokalitu pod Kralickým Sněžníkem. Většina lidí míří do horského resortu Dolní Morava, který láká na Stezku v oblacích nebo na druhou nejdelší visutou lávku na světě. A zatímco část ze tří set obyvatel Dolní Moravy na tom vydělává, obce o kousek dál z toho nemají vůbec nic.

Když lidé z Čech chtějí vyrazit někam na Moravu, oblast Mikulova a Pálavy je často první volbou. Nabízí krásnou přírodu, vinařskou turistiku, památky i folklorní tradice. Správa Chráněné krajinné oblasti Pálava ale vidí vysoký počet návštěvníků spíš jako problém a zvažuje regulaci. Zástupci Mikulova balancují mezi tím, kolik peněz turisté přinášejí, a zátěží pro místní obyvatele na straně druhé.

Stovky aut postávajících na parkovištích, plné restaurace i turistické trasy představují častý obrázek i na beskydských Pustevnách. Toto oblíbené místo v seriálu o tzv. overturismu nemůžeme vynechat. Ročně tam přijede až půl milionu lidí. „Máme tady velké cyklistické závody, všichni chtějí Pustevny na záběrech z kamer. Je to těžko řešitelné, protože Pustevny jsou ikonou Beskyd,“ říká Jiří Lehký ze správy CHKO Beskydy. Pokud se na Pustevny vydáte, sami tam rozhodně nebudete.

Možná se to stalo i vám. Objevili jste se na oblíbeném místě Česka, kam jste se moc těšili a plánovali si výlet, jenže spolu s vámi se tam objevily stovky, někdy i tisíce dalších turistů. Tzv. overturismus trápí hory, ale třeba i některé vinařské regiony. V novém seriálu Radiožurnálu se na hlavní místa vypravíme a zkusíme poradit, jak se možným problémům vyhnout. Začínáme teď spolu se strážci hned v první zóně Národního parku Krkonoše.

Koncert kapely Chainsmokers zakončil letošní hudební festival Colours of Ostrava. Byly to čtyři dny plné hudby i diskusí na scéně Meltingpot. Do areálu v Dolních Vítkovicích přišly desetitisíce fanoušků a fanynek.

Na Colours of Ostrava se představila investigativní podcastová série Radiožurnálu Stoupenci, která mapuje případ tzv. kutnohorské sekty. Dvě bývalé členky zabily vůdce sekty Richarda Šiffera, údajně na jeho příkaz. Soud v kauze v červnu vynesl zatím nepravomocné tresty. A právě s vývojem celého případu i dvěma nejnovějšími díly série autoři seznámili publikum na diskusním festivalovém fóru Meltingpot.

Několikaminutové ovace vestoje. Zpěvačka Bára Poláková večer vystoupila v Divadle Gong na festivalu Colours of Ostrava. Představení na hranici muzikálu a popu s názvem NĚHY25 je naprosto rozdílné od klasických koncertů.

Sting v Ostravě vytvořil pro tisíce fanoušků skoro až komorní a intimní atmosféru a dokázal, že on a kytara jsou jedno tělo, jedna duše. Na koncertu nechyběly songy od skupiny The Police, ale taky ty z jeho sólové kariéry.

Nyheter och fördjupning från Sverige och världen. Lyssna på alla avsnitt i Sveriges Radio Play.

Ostrava ode dneška ožívá hudbou. V Dolních Vítkovicích začíná festival Colours of Ostrava, který nabídne až do neděle přes 120 koncertů. Na místě má Radiožurnál mobilní studio R-stream, ze kterého od půl jedné vysílá jako nový hlavní mediální partner akce rozhovory s osobnostmi a hosty festivalu. Na hlavním pódiu dnes vystoupí mimo jiných také zpěvák a rapper Shaggy.

Hotely i kempy v Ostravě a jejím okolí jsou skoro vyprodané, vlakové soupravy mířící do slezské metropole téměř obsazené. Dvacátý ročník festivalu Colours of Ostrava v prostředí někdejších koksoven a vysokých pecí Dolních Vítkovic začíná už zítra, přičemž Radiožurnál bude denně z festivalu vysílat. Kromě koncertu Stinga, Iggyho Popa nebo Alvaro Solera se mohou jeho návštěvníci těšit třeba i na vystoupení skladatele hudby seriálu Hra na oliheň a další asijské umělce.

Ve středu 16. července odstartuje v oblasti Dolních Vítkovic festival Colours of Ostrava. Radiožurnál je jeho hlavním mediálním partnerem a společně s festivalem proto přímo z areálu chystá speciální vysílání ze stříbrného R-streamu. Hostem bude třeba Ben Cristovao, Lukáš Hejlík, skupina Nedivoč a další. Víc teď ještě neprozradíme, naopak se vydáme do více než dvacetileté historie festivalu.

CELOU EPIZODU NAJDETE NA HEROHERO.CO/STUDION „Romové by velmi rádi byli ve vysoké politice – volají po tom už řadu let. Jenže politické strany jim nedávají šanci, nedostávají volitelná místa,“ říká etnografka a ředitelka Muzea romské kultury Jana Horváthová. Ve Studiu N mluví o stigmatu, které mají Romové „vepsané ve vzhledu“, o dětech, které propadávají systémem, i o tom, proč jí z populárního seriálu Most! „bylo na blití“. „Romové potřebují pomocnou ruku, ne posměch,“ říká. „Byla jsem naučená na pokřiky ‚cigánko‘. Dělalo mi to hrozně zle. Za svůj původ jsem se kvůli tomu dlouho styděla,“ říká historička, muzeoložka a etnografka Jana Horváthová. „Až na vysoké škole jsem díky vzdělání dostala štít proti těmto poznámkám. Dalo mi to sílu pomáhat. Mým snem vždycky bylo vytvářet most mezi Romy a Čechy.“ Zkušenost se studem, diskriminací a stereotypy se podle ní přenáší z generace na generaci. „Styděla jsem se já a stydí se i mé tři dcery, protože jim to kamarádi i spolužáci vrací. V téhle situaci nejsme ve stavu, kdy bychom si ze sebe mohli dělat legraci. Cítíme tlak, utrpení.“ Horváthová ve Studiu N kritizuje způsob, jakým je romské téma reprezentováno v kultuře. „Seriál Most! byl bezvadný, ale já se na to prostě nemohla dívat. Viděla jsem jeden díl a bylo mi s prominutím na blití. Proč si budeme dělat legraci z těch nejslabších? Ti přece potřebují naši ochranu.“ Romové podle ní čelí předsudkům nejen ve společnosti, ale i ve školách. „Učitel řekne: ‚Z toho nebude nic.‘ Koukají se na ně skrz prsty. Navíc nevědí, jak učit o našich životech.“ Výsledkem podle ní je, že se z řady Romů stávají absolventi zvláštních škol nebo školu opustí v páté třídě, protože to nezvládají. „Je to pořád menšina na okraji zájmu,“ tvrdí. „A stát nečiní důsledné kroky, aby byli Romové integrovaní. Myslím si, že se slovem inkluze jen koketujeme. Hlas romské elity není slyšet.“ Horváthová v rozhovoru upozorňuje na hlubší příčiny nerovnosti: „Mezi běžnými Romy může být úspěšný jen ten, kdo má buď výrazně, nadstandardně vysoké IQ, nebo ten, kdo má štěstí na pomoc Neromů. Ti ostatní jsou většinou obětí sociálního vyloučení.“ A stigma je podle ní viditelné: „Průšvih u Romů je, že je na nich stigma antropologicky vidět. Mají ho na sobě vepsané.“ Přes všechno úsilí cítí únavu: „Cítím vztek. Hrozně moc často. Některé věci se pořád nehnou, člověk je unavený a má pocit, že už za to nemá smysl bojovat.“ Ale vzdát to nechce. „Vzdělávání Romů pořád vnímám jako velký rest. Veřejnost o to příliš nejeví zájem, přitom je to win-win situace – pomohlo by to celé společnosti.“ V rozhovoru s Filipem Titlbachem mluví také o tom, proč se jí chtělo plakat, když sledovala, jak vstřícně jsme integrovali ukrajinské děti. Podívejte se na celou epizodu na herohero.co/studion