Podcasts about jimma

En Éthiopie, les chiffres de l'export de café battent des records grâce notamment à l'explosion du cours mondial de l'arabica. Des résultats dont se félicitent les autorités, mais qui mettent à rude épreuve les gérants de « coffee shop », dans un pays où le café est une institution. De notre correspondante à Addis-Abeba, Il est 10h et comme tous les matins, Meskil, tablier mauve autour de la taille, ouvre les portes de son local et allume la radio. Le café est prêt à accueillir les clients. « Mon café s'appelle Nabek coffee shop. Cela fait un peu plus de deux mois maintenant que je l'ai ouvert »,explique-t-elle.Dans son nouveau métier, cette ex-hôtesse d'accueil doit constamment s'adapter à la fluctuation des prix du café, qu'elle se procure dans la région de Jimma, et dans un marché d'Addis-Abeba. « Depuis cette année, les prix du café grimpent et descendent tout le temps. Mais il y a deux ou trois mois, ils ont vraiment beaucoup augmenté. À Jimma, le kilo coûte 650 birrs (4,30 euros). À Addis-Abeba, au Shola Market, c'est entre 900 et 1 000 birrs (environ 7 euros). Avant, cela coûtait entre 600 et 700 birrs à Addis. Et à Jimma 450 birrs (2,50 euros). »Sécheresse et dévaluation du birrLa hausse des prix de l'arabica, variété reine en Éthiopie, explique en partie cette augmentation. Le 25 novembre 2024, son prix de référence est monté à plus de 6,5 dollars le kilo, son plus haut niveau depuis 1997.Kiroubel Siyoum, chef des opérations au sein de la marque emblématique de café Tomoca, lie cette hausse à une pénurie globale de café : « Il y a des problèmes de production interne, et à l'échelle mondiale aussi ». À cause des sécheresses qui ont touché le Brésil et le Vietnam, premiers producteurs mondiaux, la demande a dépassé l'offre.En Éthiopie, la dévaluation du birr appliquée fin juillet 2024 pour répondre aux exigences du FMI a également fait grimper les prix. Cette situation affecte autant les petits commerçants, comme Meskil, que les gros revendeurs comme Tomoca. « Cette année, c'est du jamais-vu dans notre histoire, assure Kiroubel Siyoum, c'est très difficile. Le kilo était de 300 jusqu'à 500 birrs (3,27 euros), maintenant ça a triplé ».Consommateurs mécontentsPour encaisser les chocs, l'entreprise n'a pas d'autre choix que d'augmenter le prix de la tasse. « On a essayé d'absorber ces coûts. Mais on était forcé de réviser. Au début de l'année, c'était à 85 birrs (56 centimes d'euros), actuellement, c'est à 125 (80 centimes d'euros) », explique Tomoca, le revendeur.Au Nabek Coffee Shop aussi, le prix de la tasse a augmenté, comme le détaille Zola, client quotidien de Meskil : « Aujourd'hui, c'est devenu très cher. La tasse est à 30 birrs (20 centimes d'euros) en Éthiopie, c'est un problème parce que je suis accro au café et à la cérémonie du café. C'est un pan important de la culture, et de la vie sociale ».L'augmentation des prix du café est très mal accueillie en Éthiopie. Dans ce pays, le café fait partie intégrante du quotidien. L'Éthiopie est le premier producteur de café en Afrique, et la moitié de ses récoltes est consommée localement. À lire aussiLe café, un produit bientôt indisponible ?

We're back again with another huge episode. It's a big week for the show, with Volk, Bob Whittaker and 4 friends of the pod heading into battle at UFC 290 in Las Vegas! We sink our teeth into an extended preview of this massive card, plus we bake the English cricket team, discuss the Fury/Ngannou rumours, and much more! Hit the download button and step into the cage.

Jimma McWilson has solutions to the failing schools in Youngstown,Ohio where, in the 2022 Ohio Dept of Education reports that 72.6% of students in high school are below proficient in reading. Jimma HAS solutions. Why aren't those in authority doing anything to help ?

On this episode of STAY PODCAST, Soromi sits with Diamond Jimma, they talk about his hit ‘Aje' and how he hopes to inspire people through his music

I am in Agaro town in the Western coffee region near Jimma and Limmu. It feels like I am 70% in Ethiopia and 30% still back in Oakland. Despite jet lag, I talk about what I have learned so far about the competition for coffee cherry, and how the cooperatives are at a disadvantage when well-funded exporters open up coffee stations in the area. It's not all bad. Coffee farmers are selling cherry at high prices, which helps offset local inflation. I also added on some thoughts about Covid in Ethiopia and some interesting comments I heard from my Ethiopian.  This is part 1 of a series of recordings I made over morning coffee nearly every day on my December trip. They aren't perfect. They are monologues. They are a little embarrassing. But there are some good raw ideas in here, perhaps. I have 8-9 episodes if I can bear to post them all! It's a bit much.

I am in the larger town of Jimma, I think the euphoria of returning to the dirt roads of Ethiopia wore off a bit. It was probably all the dust. Feeling a bit drained, but still happy to be back in Ethiopia, I reflect a bit on coffee travel. I have always had a problematic relationship with using coffee travel to sell coffee, to create marketing material. But in the end I feel coffee can be a pretty straightforward product, and that's not bad at all. I was going to skip including this one honestly, but decided to keep it in the end.

Today's storyteller, Jimma Smith, from Tupelo, Mississippi, shares how the goodness of God got her through the sudden loss of her husband at the age of 31 and how His goodness continued to walk alongside her as she navigated the waters of widowhood, a second marriage, a blended family, and more.   Jimma's story is one that will challenge you to look for the moments in your life when God left you speechless and in awe of His presence.   IN THIS EPISODE YOU WILL LEARN: Grace and truth together give you transformation. Satan may have won a battle in your life, but rest assured God has won the war. Life can be a yo-yo, but in the ups and downs, God is always with you.   ​​ON PATREON THIS FRIDAY: ​How often do you stand in awe of all God has given you? Do you practice recalling moments when you felt the presence of God?  When was the last time you were speechless because of God's goodness?  In this month's DIG DEEPER AUDIO DEVOTION, Katie will look at the importance of being still before God, magnifying His name, and focusing on His Kingdom plan. This devotion will encourage you to take a moment each week to "Sabbath" before the Lord.  Not a member? Go to Patreon.com/STLcommunity.com to join... For as little as $5 a month you will get loads of extra content!

To celebrate World Smile Day 2022, the EMEA Recruitment podcast welcomed special guest Mairead O'Callaghan, Executive Director at Operation Smile UK.  Speaking to Paul Toms, we find out the last two things that made Mairead smile. The first being the kick-off call following a project that involved the global Operation Smile organization coming up with four key values: resilience, impact, compassion and integrity. When the call was taking place, Mairead was also in the queue to see Queen Elizabeth II's lying-in-state.  The second was having the chance to host an Ethiopian plastic surgeon in London, who Operation Smile had helped to relocate and escape civil unrest in the north of the country, along with his family. He now works at the Operation Smile hospital in Jimma. We find out that Mairead has been on four medical missions with Operation Smile. She initially travelled when she managed volunteers, but Mairead later took a break due to a fundraising role, in which she found herself much more useful in understanding the voices that contribute to the organization and amplifying them further. Paul congratulates Mairead on her promotion to Executive Director and the 11 years she has spent with Operation Smile. She shares the inner culture of the charity and explains that it's not unusual for people to be with the organization for so long. She emphasizes that, when you enjoy your job and are passionate about what you do, it doesn't feel like a job at all.  Mairead shares insights into her role as Executive Director. She enjoys watching mastery in action and helping other people shine. Further credit is given to the medical volunteers for their years of training. All this work ultimately allows the patients to shine, which Mairead insists everyone should be entitled to, regardless of background.  Mairead reveals her motivations for charity work and how she eventually joined Operation Smile.  She also discusses the adaptations of Operation Smile's business model during the pandemic. She stresses the fact that, every three minutes, a child is born with a cleft – therefore, care must still be provided. The charity focused on improvements to nutritional care and speech therapy programmes, which could be carried out remotely. Operation Smile was also able to leverage its global supply chain relationships and provide PPE to partnering hospitals.  Coming out of the pandemic, Operation Smile is now celebrating its 40th anniversary and has set itself a target of treating one million patients globally.  Towards the end of the episode, Mairead shares the two important pieces of advice for people who would like to follow in her footsteps.  If you can help make change in the world by supporting Operation Smile, please donate: https://www.operationsmile.org.uk/donate-to-operation-smile/donate-to-operation-smile-emea-recruitment/    If you're looking for a particular part of the episode, please use the timestamps below: 00:45: The last thing that made Mairead smile05:20: Going on an Operation Smile medical mission 07:10: 11 years with Operation Smile09:35: Mairead's current role as Executive Director11:40: Mairead's motivation for charity work 14:55: Changes during the pandemic 18:00: Operation Smile's 40th anniversary 20:35: The mental and emotional challenges in charity work23:30: Advice for anyone who would like to follow Mairead's career footsteps26:00: The mentors in Mairead's life 27:00: How you can support Operation Smile This episode is hosted by Paul Toms, our Founder, and Rose Jinks, our Marketing Manager. You can find out more about EMEA Recruitment through our website: https://www.emearecruitment.com/ You can also keep up to date with us on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/emea-recruitment-limited/ If you'd like to reach out to Paul, find him on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/paultoms/   Or follow him on Twitter: https://twitter.com/paul_toms If you have any suggestions for future episodes of the EMEA Recruitment podcast, please get in touch with Rose: rose.jinks@emearecruitment.com   #emearecruitment #emearecruitmentpodcast #maireadocallaghan #paultoms #operationsmile  #operationsmileuk

Starting in Jimma, then Asmera, setteled again in addis ababa, Adventist world radio, serving youth department for long and now at Hope channel Ethiopia. through all these the Goodness of GOD leads me.

Starting in Jimma, then Asmera, setteled again in addis ababa, Adventist world radio, serving youth department for long and now at Hope channel Ethiopia. through all these the Goodness of GOD leads me.

Indy talks about Ethiopian Jazz pioneer Mulatu Astatke, Samantha's latest beach read is With You All the Way by Cynthia Hand, and then we prepare to watch the (maybe) greatest film of all time: Citizen Kane! Plus; Scarface, books for 16 year olds, The Sixth Sense spoilers, bunk, Ed Wood, and more! Mulatu Astatke (ሙላቱ አስታጥቄ, born 19 December 1943) is an Ethiopian musician and arranger considered as the father of "Ethio-jazz". Born in Jimma, Mulatu was musically trained in London, New York City, and Boston where he combined his jazz and Latin music interests with traditional Ethiopian music. Mulatu led his band while playing vibraphone and conga drums—instruments that he introduced into Ethiopian popular music—as well as other percussion instruments, keyboards, and organs. His albums focus primarily on instrumental music, and Mulatu appears on all three known albums of instrumentals that were released during the Ethiopian Golden Age in 1970s.

Education in our schoolsPimping poverty

Diamond Jimma Mio Fo mp3 --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/adekunle-tolulope/message

a high school with an average gpa of 1.09"The system is failing our students"

education, schools, lowered standards GPA for all of East High School Y-own, Ohio: 1.09

This is our first year buying from the Telilia Washing Station and also the first time in quite a few years we've had a coffee from Jimma on offer! Jimma is one of the traditional coffee producing regions of Ethiopia, situated north of the famous Yirgacheffe. Traditionally, coffees from the Jimma region are called “Limu” and are produced using the washed process. Whereas Washed Yirgacheffe and Sidamo coffees typically have a light body and black tea flavours, the coffees of Jimma are known for a fuller texture and bright acidity. As well as producing coffees with a unique flavour profile, Jimma is also home to the Jimma Agricultural Research Centre (JARC). This is the home of coffee plant research and development in Ethiopia. Coffee plant varietals is a tricky conversation in Ethiopia, where there is a huge range of genetic diversity in plants, and we often have to describe them as “heirloom”. These might be truly wild plants, but in many cases these are actually plants which came originally from the JARC selective breeding programs. Two of the most famous selections from JARC, popular throughout Ethiopia and which make up this lot are JARC 74110 & JARC 74112 (catchy name, right!!). This particular mill - Telila Washing Station - is situated near Kecho Anderacha in Gera woreda. the washing station is owned by Mike Mamo. Mike is a coffee exporter and also partner in the importer for this coffee, but in 2019 he decided to buy this Washing Station. It's taken him a while to get it organised and get good practices in place, so this is the first opportunity we've had to taste the coffee - but if it's this good already, we're excited to see what the future brings! Like most Washing Stations in Ethiopia, Telila takes coffee cherries from local smallholders. Unlike many Washing Stations, Mike has focused on controlling and separating the coffee cherries the mill takes in lots can be kept apart. That's where the second part of this coffee's name comes in - this lot (which we have all of) has come from one day's worth of coffee processed from the nearby Yukro village. Brightly zingy, but with a juicy body, there's a hit of fresh white grapes up front. That mellows out into a big, sweet nectarine, with delicate hints of raspberry and passionfruit on the finish. The nectarine lingers through the aftertaste, finally slipping into kiwi fruit as you go back for the next sip. A super interesting and complex cup of fruit for you. Country: Ethiopia Region: Jimma Washing Station: Telila Washing Station Owner: Mike Mamo Farmers: Local Smallholders Varietal: JARC 74110 & JARC 74112 Process: Washed CUPPING NOTES White grape, nectarine, raspberry, passionfruit, kiwi fruit. Clean cup: (1–8): 6 Sweetness: (1–8): 7 Acidity: (1–8): 7 Mouthfeel: (1–8): 6.5 Flavour: (1–8): 7 Aftertaste: (1–8): 6 Balance: (1–8): 6 Overall: (1–8): 6.5 Correction: (+36): +36 Total: (max. 100): 88 Roasting Information Medium - keep a nice steady pace and let it run through first crack and into the crack, but don't let this anywhere near second.

In this podventure, we discuss the episode “Return to the Bible Room,” in which Jack and Lucy shirk their church clean-up day duties to explore the Bible Room at Whit's End. Mr. Whitaker takes the opportunity to tell them the story of Jonah. Also, Bible Alexa, imaginary characters gaining sentience, and why we run from God. Hey everyone, remember Jimma and Donny? How about Lack and Jucy? CW: Mention of Assyrian torture and Cannanite human sacrifice

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.11.16.384396v1?rss=1 Authors: Ebrahim, B. Y., Soboka, M., Getachew, Y., Alemu, B., Ahmed, G., Tesfaye, E. Abstract: Background Expressed emotion (EE) measures the emotion of the caregivers of persons with schizophrinia and is predictive of symptom levels in a range of medical and psychiatric conditions. It is worth to assess expressed emotion and associated factors among caregivers of patient with schizophrenia in Ethiopia since there is limited data on this issue in this part of the world. Objective To assess the status of expressed emotions and selecte patients clinical factors among care givers of patients with schizophrenia attending psychiatry oupatient unit of Jimma university medical center, South west, Ethiopia, 2019. Method A cross-sectional study design employed involving 422 caregivers of schizophrenic patients using consecutive sampling technique. Data was collected using structured interviewer administrated questionnaires (Family Questioners) which assess the level of expressed emotion, entered into Epidata 4.4 and analyzed by Statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 25. Descripitive statistics used to summerize data, bivariate logistic regression was done to identify candidate variables for multivariable logistic regressions and the association between expressed emotion and predictor variables was identified by using multiple logistic regression model. Results High expressed emotion was observed in 43.6% of respondents. Caring for schizophrenic patients for about 6-8 years, having 3-4 episodes of the illness was significantly associated with high expressed emotion. Conclusions This study revealed that there is high status of care givers expressed emotion compared to other studies. It also showed that number of episode of illnesses had significant association with high caregivers expressed emotion. Health care systems, which provide interventions for patients with schizophrenia, need to design proper strategy to address caregivers need as well. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info

本集主題：「衣索比亞手繪旅行」新書介紹 專訪作者： Peiyu(張佩瑜) 內容簡介： 「衣索比亞到底有什麼好玩？」 衣索比亞古老的文化傳統、咖啡的芳香、提著黃色水桶打水的身影、奇妙的象屋、週日教堂中裹著白布相信未來有光的聖潔臉孔……，讓Peiyu就算遇到不愉快的事也試著去了解背後種種的不得已。 「好不好玩？」真的沒有太大關係！ 《秘魯‧玻利維亞手繪旅行》、《大吉嶺手繪旅行》、《中亞手繪旅行：烏茲別克‧吉爾吉斯》後，圖文書作家Peiyu作品，和讀者一起漫遊衣索比亞Peiyu在衣索比亞吃盡苦頭、備受磨難，因為她對當地的貧窮現實無能為力，甚至自問為什麼要旅行？旅行有什麼用？然而種種衝擊就像一道道拋光打磨的程序，把她的心擦得比非洲的烈日還亮。 因為值得學習的是用更客觀的角度去看待每一片土地，值得記住的是旅途中伸出援手的人，而不是那些苦難！ Peiyu的行程： 阿迪斯阿貝巴（Addis Ababa）→巴赫達爾（Bahir Dar）→戈爾戈拉（Gorgora）→貢德爾（Gonder）→阿克蘇姆（Aksum）→馬卡雷（Mekele）→達那基爾低地（Danakil Depression，套裝行程、含爾塔阿雷火山及硫磺泉鹽田等）→拉利貝拉（Lalibela）→德西（Dessie）→阿迪斯阿貝巴→吉瑪（Jimma）→彭加（Bonga）→鐵比（Teppi）→貝德勒（Bedele）→索多（Sodo）→阿巴明奇（Arba Minch）→兜雷（Dorze）→阿迪斯阿貝巴 本書特色： ＊書中收錄作者Peiyu的素描和彩色寫生作品，與當地常民生活的簡單食譜、風情 ＊地理老師Peiyu也常常現身解説氣候、沙漠、地景等等的小道理 作者介紹：張佩瑜（peiyu） 現任中山女高地理老師。喜歡畫畫也喜歡旅行，個性迷糊，但總能化險為夷，希望可以環遊世界，邊走邊畫。 2001年開始出國自助旅行，喜歡走到哪兒畫到哪兒，已走過義大利、法國、西班牙、葡萄牙、土耳其、捷克、奧地利、匈牙利、伊朗、烏茲別克、吉爾吉斯、印度、尼泊爾、秘魯、玻利維亞、衣索比亞。 常用旅行時收集的圖片和畫的漫畫、拍攝的照片來教學。2005年獲頒「亞太地區創意教師獎」，以及教育部所頒「教學卓越獎」。著作有《土耳其手繪旅行》、《土東‧伊朗手繪旅行》、《中亞手繪旅行：烏茲別克‧吉爾吉斯》、《大吉嶺手繪旅行》、《秘魯‧玻利維亞手繪旅行》。

The beautiful Jimma joins me to break down another wild episode of Drag Race Holland!

Ethiopian footballer

The Pebble Mine is an open pit mine that will be incredible detrimental to wildlife, nature and industries from the bear viewing guide to the bristol bay salmon fisheries - you can find more about the campaign here; https://www.friendsofmcneilriver.org/ and here https://www.defendbristolbay.com/take-action - both these groups have social media platforms too! You can check out Drew's work here - https://www.instagram.com/drewhh/ Follow the podcast on Instagram - coffee_with_conservationists / follow me - george_brynmor Coffee Notes - Tamp Culture Origin - Nearby Agaro in the Jimma area of Western Ethiopia Grower - Mustefa Abakeno Roast Date - 28/05/2020 Learn more about Tamp Culture Coffee - https://www.tampculture.coffee/ Music - "Heron Island" by Richard Bentley - https://www.smallsilence.org/

Matt sits down with good friend Jon Meharg and they talk about Caffeine, Abbey Coffee Co, and Korean 'sweet potato snack'Find Abbey Coffee Co Coffee here: https://squareup.com/store/the-abbey-coffee-coSign up for our email list here: http://statesofcoffee.com/

Congratulations to Lurie College Department of Counselor Education faculty member Jimma Cortes-Smith, who was recently recognized by San Jose State University for teaching for 15 years at SJSU!

Abdulsalam Abujebel, or Abdi, is the Ethiopian owner of Oasis Jimma Juice Bar in Harlem, New York City. After spending years in a Kenyan refugee camp and struggling to find his footing, Abdi was able to come to New York City in the hopes of better fortune, despite being diabetic, broke, and not knowing English. After realizing that diet was at the root of his health problems, Abdi discovered there was nowhere in his Harlem neighborhood to purchase fast, nutritious, and affordable food. Despite having never worked in the food industry, Abdi opened Oasis Jimma Juice Bar, a thriving community cafe serving vibrant juices, smoothies, and authentic Ethiopian food. Food Without Borders is powered by Simplecast

This episode has all things Patcj 7.3.5 and some things not. Great pet info from Jimma and Rem's Bad Boy list has all our favorites. Surprise, We're Live. That's right we randomly went live on you guys and we're not sorry about it. Going forward we'll be live at twitch.tv/pwncast Thursday nights at 8pm PST/11pm EST.    

This week was alot of rando banter whis I do not apologize for! This weeks news, order hall pets thanks to Jimma, Allied race lore from Rem and Belle's rambling as per the usual. Grab a comfy seat, open a beer and hang out with us as we talk about World of Warcraft.

ራሳችንን በክርስቶስ ውስጥ ማየት Seeing Christ in Us by Dr. Jimma Telele Amharic bible teachings at Ethiopian Covenant Gospel Church in Virginia. Subscribe to our Sunday Sermon podcast on iTunes […] The post ራሳችንን በክርስቶስ ውስጥ ማየት (ዶ/ር ጅማ ጠለለ) Seeing Christ in Us by Dr. Jimma Telele appeared first on ECGC: Ethiopian Covenant Gospel Church.

የመስቀሉ ምስጢር (ዶ/ር ጅማ ጠለለ) The Mystery of the Cross by Dr. Jimma Telele Amharic bible teachings at Ethiopian Covenant Gospel Church in Virginia. Subscribe to our Sunday Sermon podcast […] The post የመስቀሉ ምስጢር (ዶ/ር ጅማ ጠለለ) The Mystery of the Cross by Dr. Jimma Telele appeared first on ECGC: Ethiopian Covenant Gospel Church.

Background Drug resistance is one of the main reasons of anti-malarial treatment failures and impedes malaria containment strategies. As single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been found to correlate with anti-malarial drug resistance, the surveillance strategy includes continuous monitoring of known molecular markers and detection of new mutation patterns. With the introduction of artemisinin-based combination therapy, selection of specific patterns has been observed worldwide. Methods From March to June 2013, whole blood was collected on filter paper from microscopically malaria positive patients in Jimma zone (District), southwestern Ethiopia. Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax and mixed infections were included. SNPs were investigated by conventional or real-time PCR, restriction fragment length pattern analysis or sequencing. Results were compared to molecular patterns from Ethiopian isolates in 2004, 2006 and 2008/9. Results Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, and mixed infections were molecularly confirmed in 177, 80, and 14 samples, respectively. In P. falciparum, mutations in the pfcrt, pfmdr 1and pfATP 6 (SERCA) gene were investigated. Whereas the mutation in the pfcrt gene at codon 76 K was still found in 95.6 % of all samples, the pfmdr 1 86 T mutation fell to 1.2 % (2/163) in 2013 compared to 9 % in 2008/9 and 86 % in 2006 (P

HIGHLIGHT of the hour - MORE with Dr. Ben Carson on the Ebola virus and political parties. Guest this hour - Brian Jones (Assemblyman). -Mark talks about the Ebola virus threat level, and the CDC trying to stop the spread and outbreak. (contact tracing). -Caller Dan talks with Mark about The White House security failure. -Also was there a small possibility that Jimmy Carter could've beaten Reagan to become President again? Let's ask Jimma! -AND Brian Jones talks with Mark on the truths, and myths around the plastic bag ban. He'll tell us what the law ACTUALLY does. And did Jerry Brown veto any bills, where we'd say thank God! LIVE, LOCAL news and comment with Mark Larson on 1170AM KCBQ!

Background: Stigma can be detrimental to the quality of life, as well as the treatment and rehabiltation process of people with mental illness. The purpose of this study was to measure the extent and determine correlates of public and self-stigma against people with mental illness (PWMI) and their families in Jimma Zone, Southwest Ethiopia. Methods: Community and institution based quantitative and qualitative cross-sectional studies were conducted among 845 randomly selected community members at GGFRC, consecutive 422 PWMI and 422 family members of PWMI at Jimma University Specialized Hospital. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were done. Results: The mean scores of public stigma against PWMI and their family members were 2.62 (+0.34) and 2.16 (+0.49), respectively, on a range of 1 to 5. The mean self-stigma score among PWMI, on a range of 1 to 4, was 2.32 (+0.30). Place of residence, belief in the supernatural, psychosocial and biological explanations of mental illness were associated with stigma towards PWMI and family members of PWMI. Level of education and income predicted PWMI public stigma. A higher number of perceived signs of mental illness was correlated with lower stigma against family members of PWMI. Females, individuals with history of traditional treatment, individuals experiencing higher number of drug side-effects, and individuals who subscribed to more signs and supernatural explanations had significantly higher levels of self-stigma. In contrast, patients with higher education level and higher self esteem showed significantly lower levels of self-stigma. Supporting supernatural explanations of mental illness was associated with greater care-givers’ self-stigmatization. Conclusion: High public stigma against PWMI and high levels of patients’ self-stigma were found. Care-givers demonstrated reluctance to be identified with PWMI. Systematic forms of discrimination against PWMI and their family members were identified. PWMI and their family members faced behavioral and structural challenges. Thus, reducing stigma against patients may help to reduce stigma against family members. Developing strategies to improve patients’ self esteem, and developing policies and guidelines about mental illness may be helpful in reducing stigma. Effective intervention strategies that target patients, their families, as well as the public need to be designed to reduce stigma.

Background: Universities are increasingly organizing international exchange programs to meet the requirements of growing globalisation in the field of health care. Analyses based on the programs' fundamental theoretical background are needed to confirm the learning value for participants. This study investigated the extent of sociocultural learning in an exchange program and how sociocultural learning affects the acquisition of domain-specific competencies. Methods: Sociocultural learning theories were applied to study the learning effect for German medical students from the LMU Munich, Munich, Germany, of participation in the medical exchange program with Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia. First, we performed a qualitative study consisting of interviews with five of the first program participants. The results were used to develop a questionnaire for the subsequent, quantitative study, in which 29 program participants and 23 matched controls performed self-assessments of competencies as defined in the Tuning Project for Health Professionals. The two interrelated studies were combined to answer three different research questions. Results: The participants rated their competence significantly higher than the control group in the fields of doctor-patient relationships and communication in a medical context. Participant responses in the two interrelated studies supported the link between the findings and the suggested theoretical background. Conclusion: Overall, we found that the exchange program affected the areas of doctor-patient relationships and effective communication in a medical context. Vygotsky's sociocultural learning theory contributed to explaining the learning mechanisms of the exchange program.

Background: For future eradication strategies of malaria it is important to control the transmission of gametocytes from humans to the anopheline vector which causes the spread of the disease. Sensitive, non-invasive methods to detect gametocytes under field conditions can play a role in monitoring transmission potential. Methods: Microscopically Plasmodium falciparum-positive patients from Jimma, Ethiopia donated finger-prick blood, venous blood, saliva, oral mucosa and urine samples that were spotted on filter paper or swabs. All samples were taken and stored under equal, standardized conditions. RNA was extracted from the filter paper and detected by real-time QT-NASBA. Pfs16-mRNA and Pfs25-mRNA were measured with a time to positivity to detect gametocyte specific mRNA in different gametocyte stages. They were compared to 18S-rRNA, which is expressed in all parasite stages. Results were quantified via a known dilution series of artificial RNA copies. Results: Ninety-six samples of 16 uncomplicated malaria patients were investigated. 10 (66.7%) of the slides showed gametocyte densities between 0.3-2.9 gametocytes/mu l. For all RNA-targets, molecular detection in blood samples was most sensitive; finger-prick sampling required significantly smaller amounts of blood than venous blood collection. Detection of asexual 18S-rRNA in saliva and urine showed sensitivities of 80 and 67%, respectively. Non-invasive methods to count gametocytes proved insensitive. Pfs16-mRNA was detectable in 20% of urine samples, sensitivities for other materials were lower. Pfs25-mRNA was not detectable in any sample. Conclusions: The sensitivity of non-invasively collected material such as urine, saliva or mucosa seems unsuitable for the detection of gametocyte-specific mRNA. Sensitivity in asymptomatic carriers might be generally even lower. Finger-prick testing revealed the highest absolute count of RNA copies per mu L, especially for Pfs25-mRNA copies. The method proved to be the most effective and should preferably be applied in future transmission control and eradication plans. A rapid test for gametocyte targets would simplify efforts.

Background: There is general consent that empathy is crucial for the physician-patient relationship and thus an important issue in medical education. This comparative study was designed to examine the differences in empathy between first year and final year medical students in Jimma University, Ethiopia. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study among 131 first year and 106 final year medical students was conducted in Jimma University, Ethiopia on academic year 2010/11. The study subjects were selected using simple random sampling technique from the list of the students. Study participation was voluntary. The Balanced Emotional Empathy Scale (BEES) was used for the detection of "heart-reading"

Background: In Jimma Zone, Ethiopia, the first-line treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria has been changed from sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) to artemether-lumefantrine (AL) in 2006. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of AL in Jimma Zone two to three years after its broad introduction. Methods: An open-label, single-arm, 42-day study of AL against falciparum malaria was conducted in four areas with moderate transmission in Jimma Zone between November 2008 and January 2009 and between August and December 2009. Patients (one-81 years) with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum mono-infection were consecutively enrolled. Follow-up visits were at day 2, 3, 7, 28 and 42 or any other day if symptoms reoccurred. Primary and secondary endpoints were PCR-corrected and uncorrected cure rates (molecular differentiation between recrudescence and re-infection) on days 28 and 42. Other secondary endpoints were gametocytaemia at day 7 and day 28, parasitaemia at day 2 and 3, and re-infection rates at day 28 and day 42. Results: Of 348 enrolled patients, 313 and 301 completed follow-up at day 28 and at day 42, respectively. No early treatment failure occurred. For per protocol analysis, PCR-uncorrected cure rates at day 28 and 42 were 99.1% (95% CI 98.0-100.0) and 91.1% (95% CI 87.9-94.3), respectively. PCR-corrected cure rates at day 28 and 42 were 99.4% (95% CI 98.5-100.0) and 94.7% (95% CI 92.2-97.2), respectively. PCR-corrected cure rate at day 42 for children

Due to increasing drug resistance, artemisinin-based combination chemotherapy (ACT) has become the first-line treatment of falciparum malaria in many endemic countries. Ethiopia has also adopted artemether/lumefantrine (AL) as first-line treatment in 2004 and its broad introduction was achieved in 2006. However, irreversible ototoxicity associated with AL has been reported and suggested to be a serious limitation in the use of ACT. The aim of this study was to compare ototoxicity, tolerability, and efficacy of ACT with that of quinine and atovaquone/proguanil in the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria. 97 patients in Jimma area, Ethiopia with slide-confirmed malaria were randomly assigned to receive either artemether/lumefantrine or quinine or atovaquone/proguanil and followed-up on days 7, 28, and 90. Comprehensive audio-vestibular testing by pure tone audiometry (PTA), transitory evoked (TE) and distortion product (DP) otoacoustic emissions (OAE) and brain stem evoked response audiometry (BERA) was done before enrolment and on follow-up days. PTA and DP-OAE levels revealed transient significant cochlear hearing loss in patients treated with quinine but not in those treated with artemether/lumefantrine or atovaquone/proguanil. There was no evidence of drug-induced brain stem lesions by BERA measurements. Hence, there was no detrimental effect of a standard oral regimen of artemether/lumefantrine on peripheral hearing or brainstem auditory pathways in patients with uncomplicated falciparum malaria. In contrast, transient hearing loss was evidenced with quinine therapy due to temporary outer hair cell dysfunction. Reinfection and recrudescence were determined by RFLP of msp-1 and msp-2 genes. Mutations associated with drug resistance were characterized in Pfmdr1, Pfdhfr, Pfcytb, and Pfserca genes. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously reported to be associated with resistance to the study drugs were identified in both recrudescent and treatment sensitive isolates. A total of seven recrudescences were obtained. The Pfmdr1 N86Y mutation was found in 84.5% of isolates. The triple mutation 51I, 59R, 108N of the Pfdhfr gene occurred in high frequency (83.3%) but no Pfcytb mutation was detected. Sequencing showed a variety of previously described and new mutations in the Pfserca gene. The prevalence of high degree of mutations in Pfmdr1 and Pfdhfr is a reminiscent of the impact of previously used drugs in the area, chloroquine and sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine as first-line treatments. The broad introduction of AL and the cessation of the former drug regimens might probably change the current distribution of polymorphisms, possibly leading to decreased sensitivity to AL in the future. Continuous surveillance of molecular patterns in this region is, therefore, recommended.

Ballyfermot Travellers' Action Project from Dublin has raised thousands of money in charity aid donations. In April 2010, they visited some recipients of that aid: a group of former lepers in the village of Tulema, near Jimma in Ethiopia., Africa. They shared stories and experiences of lives in both Ireland and Ethiopia. (First Broadcast 2010)

Background: The emergence of drug resistance is a major problem in malaria control. Combination of molecular genotyping and characterization of mutations or single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs) correlated with drug resistance can provide information for subsequent surveillance of existing and developing drug resistance patterns. The introduction of artemether/lumefantrine (AL) as first-line treatment, never used before in Ethiopia, allowed the collection of baseline data of molecular polymorphisms before a selection due to AL could occur. Method: 97 patients with uncomplicated falciparum malaria were recruited from April to June 2006 and treated with either AL, quinine (Q) or atovaquone/proguanil (AP) in Jimma University Hospital, Ethiopia. Mutations or SNPs associated with resistance to these drugs were analysed by RFLP (pfdhfr, pfmdr1) and sequencing of the target genes (pfcytb, pfserca). Results: SNPs previously reported to be associated with resistance to the study drugs were identified in recrudescent and treatment sensitive isolates. A total of seven recrudescences were obtained. The pfmdr1 N86Y mutation was found in 84.5% of isolates. The triple mutation 51I,59R,108N of the pfdhfr gene occured in high frequency (83.3%) but no pfcytb mutation was detected. Sequencing showed a variety of previously described and new mutations in the pfserca gene. Conclusion: The prevalence of mutations was in accordance with the expected patterns considering recent drug regimens. The broad introduction of AL and the cessation of former drug regimens might probably change the current distribution of polymorphisms, possibly leading to decreased sensitivity to AL in future. Continuous surveillance of molecular patterns in this region is, therefore, recommended.