Podcasts about gps global positioning system

A friend recently shared an analogy that not only gave me a good chuckle, but provided a completely new meaning to the term “divine guidance.” Usually we think of this as intuitive answers or inner guidance. But he compared it to the GPS (Global Positioning System). When we're travelling, the first step is to enter our destination into Google Maps. Then it does its magic and gives us a detailed route to follow. If we wander off from the recommended path, the GPS doesn't get upset with us, it simply recalculates the route and offers new directions. It's similar with the Divine.

Episodebeskrivelse:De fleste pasienter tar det som en selvfølge at luftambulansen kommer når behovet er der, men rundt hvert tiende legehelikopteroppdrag blir avlyst eller avbrutt på grunn av dårlig vær. I denne episoden spør vi hvorfor norsk luftfart har bedre navigasjonssystemer for dem som skal på sydentur med fly, enn for dem som trenger livreddende behandling og må med helikopter til et sykehus.Det var først med inntoget av det GPS (Global Positioning System) på 90-tallet at luftambulansehelikopterene kunne begynne med avansert instrumentflyging. Men innflygingsrutene gikk bare mellom flyplassene, og var ikke til stor hjelp. Et avbrutt helikopteroppdrag en snøfull vinternatt fikk pilot Erik Normann til å begynne å tenke nytt.I denne episoden får du vite mer om behovet for rutene, utfordringene pilotene møter når de må ut å fly i dårlig vær, og vi skal være med ombord i helikopteret og testfly pinsrute nr. 100. Gjester:Du møter Erik Normann, flyger i Norsk Luftambulanse, og som har vært en av pådriverne for utviklingen av Pins-ruter. Du møter også hans kollega, Lars Amdal som testflyr alle rutene før de blir godkjent av Luftfartstilsynet.Meld deg på nyhetsbrevet vårt her!Creators & Guests Per Håkon Solberg - Host Lars Amdal - Guest Erik Normann - Guest Kapittelinndeling:(01:25) - Erik Normann om seg selv og behovet for Pinsruter (05:47) - Hva er en Pins-rute (10:36) - Vi flyr en pinsrute (14:54) - Når har man behov for en Pins-rute (18:52) - Sikkerhet og GPS-jamming (25:05) - Hva har vært drivkraften bak denne utviklingen (29:54) - Oppsummering av episoden

Welcome to our podcast episode, where we delve into the remarkable life of Gladys West, an influential inventor who played a pivotal role in shaping the world of GPS (Global Positioning System). #GladysWest #GPSInventor #Trailblazer #InspiringJourneys

La géolocalisation, grâce au GPS, a révolutionné nos vies. Elle permet de se déplacer facilement dans le monde entier. Elle offre également toutes sortes de nouveaux services pratiques ou divertissants. Mais n'est-elle pas devenue trop envahissante ?  Série spéciale en partenariat avec : Epson   Avec :

The first 50 minutes or so of Sunday's sermon was a Q&A with representatives from Choices Resource Center, Street Hope, Sacred Ground Hospice House, and Renew Clinic. These are all ministries that we partner with here at the church. We wanted you to know more about these ministries, and ways you can help support them if the Lord calls you to do so. The last part is a short sermon where Joel preaches from the book of Jonah!

O GPS agrícola é uma das ferramentas que mais facilitam hoje a vida do produtor. Utilizando-se da tecnologia do GPS (Global Positioning System), seu uso junto às técnicas de plantio, desenvolvimento e nutrição de diferentes culturas pode ser realizado em qualquer escala. A ferramenta nos veículos agrícolas é ainda mais precisa do que nos carros tradicionais. A medida é destacada em comentário pelo extensionista rural, engenheiro agrícola e professor Diego Bardem dos Santos. Esse é o segundo de uma série de três comentários especiais em que Barden analisa a modernização em curso no setor agropecuário local e regional.

El episodio de hoy es el primero de una serie de episodios en los que nuestro compañero Andrés Muñoz, va a ser el protagonista. Teníamos ganas de hacer una serie de programas con el para entrar en detalle de diferentes tecnologías del automóvil que él conoce bien y a todos nosotros nos van a resultar muy instructivas. Hablaremos con Andrés de motores, de homologaciones y legislaciones, de propulsores híbridos… Andrés es ingeniero y trabaja en diferentes proyectos en la planta de Renault en Valladolid. Por lo tanto es uno de los responsables del Made in Spain que tanto nos gusta en AutoFM. Además también es escritor y su publicación más reciente es el libro El automóvil del mañana que podéis encontrar en las principales librerías y en Amanzon. En el programa de hoy vamos a hablar del coche autónomo. De su tecnología, de su ritmo de implantación, de las marcas más avanzadas en este aspecto… En definitiva vamos a tratar de aclarar cuántas más dudas mejor sobre el coche que circula sin conductor. Empecemos por el principio, todos hemos escuchado mil veces coche autónomo nivel 2 o coche autónomo nivel 3 ¿Qué son los niveles del coche autónomo? Niveles del coche autónomo: La norma SAE J3016, de 2014 propone seis niveles, desde el cero hasta el cinco, que se escalonan como sigue y que permiten posicionar lo cerca o lejos que un coche se encuentra de la autonomía total: Nivel 0 del coche autónomo Ninguna automatización de conducción disponible. El conductor, por tanto, realiza todas las acciones necesarias para la conducción. Es el nivel más básico y en el que se encuentran la gran mayoría de coches del parque, y está compuesto por todos aquellos coches en los que el conductor tiene permanentemente control exclusivo de las funciones principales del coche. Nivel 1 del coche autónomo El coche aporta algún tipo de ayuda al control del movimiento longitudinal (mantenimiento de su velocidad o de la distancia al coche precedente, por ejemplo) o lateral (mantenimiento en el carril), pero no ambos simultáneamente. Es el caso de los reguladores de velocidad adaptativos. El conductor delega el control longitudinal (la separación al coche precedente) pero no el transversal (el posicionamiento centrado en el carril adecuado). No obstante, el conductor debe estar preparado para intervenir en caso de eventualidad y conserva en permanencia la responsabilidad de todas las maniobras. Nivel 2 del coche autónomo El coche cuenta con automatizaciones para controlar simultáneamente el movimiento longitudinal y lateral, por lo que el coche es ya capaz de mantenerse por sí mismo en el carril a la velocidad programada y a una distancia determinada del resto del tráfico. Es capaz, por tanto, de asumir al menos dos funciones principales (control longitudinal y lateral) , pero no es capaz de reconocer ni de reaccionar a cualquier eventualidad por lo que el conductor debe mantenerse permanentemente alerta para retomar el control en caso necesario pues conserva la responsabilidad de la totalidad de maniobras. Además, la disponibilidad de la automatización está sujeta a ciertas condiciones de entorno (buena visibilidad, señalización horizontal en buen estado, límites de velocidad mínimos y máximos, etc.). Nivel 3 del coche autónomo El sistema disponible en la etapa anterior se enriquece con la capacidad de detección y reacción ante todo tipo de eventualidades. El coche es capaz de reaccionar de forma autónoma, pero solo en ciertos entornos (por ejemplo, en autovía o autopista, pero no en ciudad), en las que el conductor puede disminuir su nivel de supervisión, pero solo de forma breve, pues sigue siendo necesario para comprobar en todo momento el correcto funcionamiento del conjunto y para retomar el control en caso de fallo o de incumplimiento de las condiciones de activación. El conductor puede desentenderse hasta que el coche le avise de lo contrario, de forma que ya se puede hablar de una capacidad autónoma que hace soñar con ventajas más allá de la comodidad, como pueda ser la seguridad incrementada y la reducción del número de accidentes. En realidad, la tecnología necesaria para alcanzar este nivel no difiere sustancialmente de la necesaria para alcanzar el anterior, pero el hecho de delegar la atención en el coche precisa de una seguridad de funcionamiento del sistema garantizada, aun cuando la responsabilidad siga estando en el conductor. Las asistencias se siguen clasificando como sistemas de ayuda a la conducción. Nivel 4 del coche autónomo Incluye todas las posibilidades del anterior y además añade la capacidad del sistema para resolver por sí mismo una situación de fallo. Ya no es necesario que el conductor esté atento en caso de incidente pues el coche cuenta con protocolos de actuación si el conductor humano no toma el control tras un tiempo de aviso suficiente (por ejemplo, la activación de un protocolo de detención con seguridad en el arcén de la vía). La disponibilidad de la automatización sigue estando condicionada: el coche no es capaz de ser autónomo en todos los escenarios (porque sus sensores no funcionen en todo tipo de condiciones ambientales, por ejemplo). Existen desarrollos con este nivel de automatización en entornos limitados y controlados. Nivel 5 del coche autónomo Para alcanzar este último nivel no deben existir condiciones que limiten la capacidad del coche para conducirse autónomamente. Un coche clasificado en este grupo debe ser capaz de reaccionar ante todo tipo de situaciones y eventos y en todo tipo de escenarios reduciendo el riesgo al mínimo. La figura del conductor dejaría de existir y todos los ocupantes del coche serían pasajeros. La única intervención humana necesaria se limitaría a indicar el destino o destinos. Lógica detrás de la conducción autónoma: De forma sintética, los coches autónomos necesitan responder a los siguientes problemas: Localización espacial: necesitan conocer en todo momento dónde se encuentran. Programación de la trayectoria: una vez conocido el lugar espacial en el que se encuentran deben calcular cuál es la trayectoria más adecuada para llegar al destino señalado. Visión y comprensión del entorno: deben ser capaces de elaborar un mapa del entorno. Por un lado, cuentan con la información recogida en los mapas cargados en sus bases de datos, crecientemente detallistas. Por otro lado, cuentan con la información recogida por sus elementos de detección (explicados antes), con el que completar y enriquecer llegado el caso los mapas disponibles. Seguimiento de la trayectoria fijada sorteando de forma segura los obstáculos que vayan surgiendo, que pueden ser de cualquier tipo: calles cortadas, obras, adelantamiento de un coche más lento, etc. ¿Es imprescindible el despliegue de la red 5G para que existan coches autónomos? ¿Cómo puede afectar a los constructores la generalización del coche autónomo? ¿Y a otras empresas como las de transportes o a los talleres? Explicamos también qué es eso de los algoritmos que necesita el coche autónomo Grupos de algoritmos en la inteligencia artificial del autómata: La inteligencia artificial añade al aprendizaje autónomo (machine learning) la capacidad de percibir, de razonar y de actuar imprescindibles para la conducción automática. Las actividades relacionadas con estas funciones principales se ejecutan dentro de la arquitectura de software embarcada, y los algoritmos que la integran se pueden ordenar en tres grupos principales: Percepción La necesaria percepción del entorno se puede dividir en dos actividades: La visión del entorno, interpretando e integrando las lecturas de los múltiples sensores instalados (cámaras, radares, lidars, etc.). Esta visión del entorno recibe la clasificación de activa, porque busca identificar y modelar únicamente aquello que es relevante para el objetivo del robot. En conducción autónoma, las casas, árboles, montañas o nubes que puedan existir lejos de la trayectoria en la escena tomada por las cámaras no son relevantes para el objetivo del robot. El objetivo relevante es el de identificar otros coches y obstáculos que se encuentren en o cerca de la vía. La ventaja de esta aproximación es que reduce la cantidad de datos a tratar y, en consecuencia, requiere de menos recursos computacionales de los necesarios para modelar completamente la escena. Por último, este concepto de visión del entorno se puede dividir en actividades concretas, como son la detección del carril, la detección de objetos, el seguimiento de objetos en movimiento y previsión de su trayectoria, lectura del estado del asfalto, etc. La localización espacial, imprescindible para poder calcular después la trayectoria. Una entrada fundamental y disponible casi de forma uniforme es el GPS (Global Positioning System). Sin embargo, la señal del GPS comercial no es suficientemente precisa pues tiene un error de metros, excesivo para las necesidades de localización espacial del robot. Es necesario refinar la señal, para lo que existen varias soluciones, siendo una de ellas la construcción de mapas del entorno para compararlos con el mapa almacenado en la memoria del sistema. Planificación El segundo grupo principal de algoritmos de código tiene que ver con la planificación. Para completar esta tarea es necesario, entre otras: Planificar la ruta: Sabiendo dónde está y a dónde quiere llegar, los algoritmos adecuados pueden planificar la ruta más adecuada. Planificar la trayectoria: En función de las condiciones exactas del entorno, para evitar por ejemplo obras, coches en doble fila o responder a cualquier otra discrepancia entre el contenido del mapa almacenado y las condiciones exactas del entorno. Decidir una acción: El conductor humano toma constantemente decisiones como son la de permanecer o cambiarse de carril, adelantar o realizar una frenada de emergencia. El cerebro robótico del automóvil autónomo debe estar dotado de esta misma capacidad de decidir. Ejecución Este grupo de algoritmos actúa sobre los controles principales del coche, en coherencia con la información recibida por los anteriores. Las necesidades de recursos de computación y de velocidad de respuesta no son las mismas en cada una de las anteriores divisiones. Las dos primeras, las que se han denominado percepción y planificación, utilizan algoritmos que son muy exigentes en cuanto a necesidades de datos y de capacidad de cálculo. La de control, sin embargo, tiene requerimientos mucho más ligeros respecto a la capacidad de cálculo, pero precisa de tasas de refresco más altas. Más preguntas para nuestro ingeniero de cabecera: ¿Cuáles son las principales dificultades para su implantación? ¿Qué problemas debe resolver un coche autónomo? ¿cómo lo hace? ¿Hay competiciones de coches autónomos? ROBORACE: Competición de coches autónomos: Roborace es una competición asociada a la fórmula E, que tiene lugar en los mismos circuitos y que parte del concepto de ofrecer un coche que pueda utilizarse como plataforma de desarrollo y evaluación de algoritmos de conducción autónoma, siendo el soporte físico el mismo para todos los equipos. El desafío se ciñe en integrar la programación necesaria para dar vida a la inteligencia artificial del coche, para que pueda ser autónomo en el entorno competitivo, a partir de un chasis de coche eléctrico y unos sensores comunes con los disponibles por el resto de los equipos que participan en la competición. Correr en circuito no es lo mismo que desplazarse en la vía pública, pues se trata de un escenario más controlado, donde las aleas posibles se reducen significativamente. Sin embargo, es más exigente en otros aspectos como es la velocidad de decisión y replanificación de la trayectoria en un coche que puede llegar a los 300 km/h. Por otra parte, los límites en las aceleraciones laterales y longitudinales los pone la capacidad de agarre de los neumáticos (y no la capacidad de resistencia física del piloto), agarre que depende de numerosas variables: temperatura de los neumáticos, kilómetros recorridos, estado de la superficie del asfalto, etc. De la correcta parametrización de estas variables puede depender la victoria. La pista es un entorno seguro para probar un algoritmo. Es relativamente fácil de cartografiar y, salvo por los otros coches en competición, el escenario no cambia (no hay coches en doble fila, ni obras, ni cruces). Como el que conduce es un autómata, estos coches permiten plantear escenarios en los que no es necesario garantizar la integridad física de ninguna persona. Carreras de resistencia inhumanas o en circuitos con cruces, podrían convertirse en una realidad. Algunas cuestiones más para rematar el programa: ¿Qué marcas están más avanzadas en la conducción autónoma? ¿Existen competiciones de coches autónomos? ¿Cuáles son las principales dificultades para su implantación? ¿Cómo puede afectar a los constructores la generalización del coche autónomo? ¿Y a otras empresas como las de transportes o a los talleres? ¿Cuántos niveles tiene la escala de autonomía hasta llegar al coche completamente autónomo? ¿Qué problemas debe resolver un coche autónomo? ¿cómo lo hace? Presenta: Fernando Rivas https://twitter.com/rivasportauto Coordina: Jose Lagunar https://twitter.com/JoseLagunar Colabora: Andrés Muñoz https://www.linkedin.com/in/andresmunozcanas/ Puedes seguirnos en nuestra web: https://autofm.es/ y https://www.podcastmotor.es Twiter: @AutoFmRadio Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/autofmradio/ Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC57czZy-ctfV02t_PeNXCAQ Contacto: info@autofm.es

For thousands of years, humans found their way in life by looking to the sky. Sailors used the constellations, sun, and moon to reach distant lands. Today, our navigating occurs through GPS (Global Positioning System). If you want to know... Read More

We wrap up our conversation with Retired Aerospace Design Engineer Bill Spencer as he recounts his years working on the Space Shuttle program to joining the team that would eventually develop the GPS (Global Positioning System) that helps users navigate their way through today's complicated world.

A fermented-food diet increases microbiome diversity and lowers inflammation, study finds Stanford University, July 13, 2021 A diet rich in fermented foods enhances the diversity of gut microbes and decreases molecular signs of inflammation, according to researchers at the Stanford School of Medicine.  In a clinical trial, 36 healthy adults were randomly assigned to a 10-week diet that included either fermented or high-fiber foods. The two diets resulted in different effects on the gut microbiome and the immune system. Eating foods such as yogurt, kefir, fermented cottage cheese, kimchi and other fermented vegetables, vegetable brine drinks, and kombucha tea led to an increase in overall microbial diversity, with stronger effects from larger servings. "This is a stunning finding," said Justin Sonnenburg, PhD, an associate professor of microbiology and immunology. "It provides one of the first examples of how a simple change in diet can reproducibly remodel the microbiota across a cohort of healthy adults." In addition, four types of immune cells showed less activation in the fermented-food group. The levels of 19 inflammatory proteins measured in blood samples also decreased. One of these proteins, interleukin 6, has been linked to conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, Type 2 diabetes and chronic stress.  "Microbiota-targeted diets can change immune status, providing a promising avenue for decreasing inflammation in healthy adults," said Christopher Gardner, PhD, the Rehnborg Farquhar Professor and director of nutrition studies at the Stanford Prevention Research Center. "This finding was consistent across all participants in the study who were assigned to the higher fermented food group." Microbe diversity stable in fiber-rich diet By contrast, none of these 19 inflammatory proteins decreased in participants assigned to a high-fiber diet rich in legumes, seeds, whole grains, nuts, vegetables and fruits. On average, the diversity of their gut microbes also remained stable. "We expected high fiber to have a more universally beneficial effect and increase microbiota diversity," said Erica Sonnenburg, PhD, a senior research scientist in basic life sciences, microbiology and immunology. "The data suggest that increased fiber intake alone over a short time period is insufficient to increase microbiota diversity."  The study will be published online July 12 in Cell. Justin and Erica Sonnenburg and Christopher Gardner are co-senior authors. The lead authors are Hannah Wastyk, a PhD student in bioengineering, and former postdoctoral scholar Gabriela Fragiadakis, PhD, who is now an assistant professor of medicine at UC-San Francisco. A wide body of evidence has demonstrated that diet shapes the gut microbiome, which can affect the immune system and overall health. According to Gardner, low microbiome diversity has been linked to obesity and diabetes.  "We wanted to conduct a proof-of-concept study that could test whether microbiota-targeted food could be an avenue for combatting the overwhelming rise in chronic inflammatory diseases," Gardner said.  The researchers focused on fiber and fermented foods due to previous reports of their potential health benefits. While high-fiber diets have been associated with lower rates of mortality, the consumption of fermented foods can help with weight maintenance and may decrease the risk of diabetes, cancer and cardiovascular disease. The researchers analyzed blood and stool samples collected during a three-week pre-trial period, the 10 weeks of the diet, and a four-week period after the diet when the participants ate as they chose.  The findings paint a nuanced picture of the influence of diet on gut microbes and immune status. On one hand, those who increased their consumption of fermented foods showed similar effects on their microbiome diversity and inflammatory markers, consistent with prior research showing that short-term changes in diet can rapidly alter the gut microbiome. On the other hand, the limited change in the microbiome within the high-fiber group dovetails with the researchers' previous reports of a general resilience of the human microbiome over short time periods.  Designing a suite of dietary and microbial strategies The results also showed that greater fiber intake led to more carbohydrates in stool samples, pointing to incomplete fiber degradation by gut microbes. These findings are consistent with other research suggesting that the microbiome of people living in the industrialized world is depleted of fiber-degrading microbes.  "It is possible that a longer intervention would have allowed for the microbiota to adequately adapt to the increase in fiber consumption," Erica Sonnenburg said. "Alternatively, the deliberate introduction of fiber-consuming microbes may be required to increase the microbiota's capacity to break down the carbohydrates." In addition to exploring these possibilities, the researchers plan to conduct studies in mice to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which diets alter the microbiome and reduce inflammatory proteins. They also aim to test whether high-fiber and fermented foods synergize to influence the microbiome and immune system of humans. Another goal is to examine whether the consumption of fermented food decreases inflammation or improves other health markers in patients with immunological and metabolic diseases, and in pregnant women and older individuals.  "There are many more ways to target the microbiome with food and supplements, and we hope to continue to investigate how different diets, probiotics and prebiotics impact the microbiome and health in different groups," Justin Sonnenburg said.   Effect of resveratrol intervention on renal pathological injury in type 2 diabetes Capital Medical University (China), July 11, 2021 According to news reporting from Beijing, People's Republic of China, research stated, “Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a clinically common cardiovascular disease that can lead to kidney damage and adversely affect male fertility and sperm quality. Resveratrol (Res) is a natural product that has a wide range of effects in animals and cell models.” The news correspondents obtained a quote from the research from Capital Medical University, “This research is designed to observe the effect of resveratrol (Res) intervention on renal pathologic injury and spermatogenesis in mice with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Sixty healthy male SD mice without specific pathogens (SPF grade) were selected, and numbered by statistical software to randomize into control group (CG; n=20), model group (MG; n=20) and research group (RG; n=20). Mice in CG were given regular diet, while those in MG and RG were fed with high fat diet. Subsequently, RG was given Res intervention while MG received no treatment. Biochemical indexes [triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), fasting blood glucose (FBG), 24-hour urinary albumin excretion rate (24h-UAER)] of mice in the three groups before and after intervention were observed and recorded. The effect of Res on oxidative stress, kidney histopathological structure, spermatogenic function, sperm density and viability of mice, as well as spermatogenic cell cycle of testis were determined. Res reduced hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia in T2D mice. By reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) and increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), Res relieved oxidative stress and alleviated kidney tissue damage. In addition, Res improved the spermatogenic function of T2D mice by increasing the sperm density and survival rate and restoring the percentage of spermatogenic cells at all levels.” According to the news reporters, the research concluded: “Res intervention in T2D mice can reduce kidney tissue damage, lower blood glucose (BG), and improve spermatogenic function by increasing sperm density and restoring the percentage of spermatogenic cells at all levels.” This research has been peer-reviewed.     Eating whole grains linked to smaller increases in waist size, blood pressure, blood sugar Study in middle- to older-aged adults suggests whole grains may protect against heart disease Tufts University, July 13, 2021 Middle- to older-aged adults who ate at least three servings of whole grains daily had smaller increases in waist size, blood pressure, and blood sugar levels over time compared to those who ate less than one-half serving per day, according to new research. Published July 13, 2021, in the Journal of Nutrition, the study by researchers at the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University examined how whole- and refined-grain intake over time impacted five risk factors of heart disease: Waist size, blood pressure, blood sugar, triglyceride, and HDL ("good") cholesterol. Using data from the Framingham Heart Study Offspring Cohort, which began in the 1970s to assess long-term risk factors of heart disease, the new research examined health outcomes associated with whole- and refined-grain consumption over a median of 18 years. The 3,100 participants from the cohort were mostly white and, on average, in their mid-50s at the start of data collection. The research team compared changes in the five risk factors, over four-year intervals, across four categories of reported whole grain intake, ranging from less than a half serving per day to three or more servings per day. According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2020-2025, the recommended amount of whole grains is three or more servings daily. An example of a serving is one slice of whole-grain bread, a half cup of rolled oats cereal, or a half cup of brown rice. The results showed that for each four-year interval:   Waist size increased by an average of over 1 inch in the low intake participants, versus about ½ inch in the high intake participants. Even after accounting for changes in waist size, average increases in blood sugar levels and systolic blood pressure were greater in low intake participants compared to high intake participants. The researchers also studied the five risk factors across four categories of refined-grain intake, ranging from less than two servings per day to more than four servings per day. Lower refined-grain intake led to a lower average increase in waist size and a greater mean decline in triglyceride levels for each four-year period. "Our findings suggest that eating whole-grain foods as part of a healthy diet delivers health benefits beyond just helping us lose or maintain weight as we age. In fact, these data suggest that people who eat more whole grains are better able to maintain their blood sugar and blood pressure over time. Managing these risk factors as we age may help to protect against heart disease," said Nicola McKeown, senior and corresponding author and a scientist on the Nutritional Epidemiology Team at the USDA HNRCA. "There are several reasons that whole grains may work to help people maintain waist size and reduce increases in the other risk factors. The presence of dietary fiber in whole grains can have a satiating effect, and the magnesium, potassium, and antioxidants may contribute to lowering blood pressure. Soluble fiber in particular may have a beneficial effect on post-meal blood sugar spikes," said Caleigh Sawicki. Sawicki did this work as part of her doctoral dissertation while a student at the Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University and while working with the Nutritional Epidemiology Team at the USDA HNRCA. The greatest contributor to whole-grain intake among participants was whole-wheat breads and ready-to-eat whole-grain breakfast cereals. The refined grains came mostly from pasta and white bread. The difference in health benefits between whole and refined grains may stem from the fact that whole grains are less processed than refined grains. Whole grains have a fiber-rich outer layer and an inner germ layer packed with B vitamins, antioxidants, and small amounts of healthy fats. Milling whole grains removes these nutrient-dense components, leaving only the starch-packed refined grain behind. "The average American consumes about five servings of refined grains daily, much more than is recommended, so it's important to think about ways to replace refined grains with whole grains throughout your day. For example, you might consider a bowl of whole-grain cereal instead of a white flour bagel for breakfast and replacing refined-grain snacks, entrees, and side dishes with whole-grain options. Small incremental changes in your diet to increase whole-grain intake will make a difference over time," McKeown said. Methodology To measure daily grain intake, the researchers used diet questionnaires that participants completed every four years from 1991 to 2014, resulting in a median of 18 years of data. Dietary assessment data came from five study examinations, and observations were only included if participants attended at least two consecutive examinations with accurate dietary data. Participants with diabetes at baseline were excluded. The statistical analysis was adjusted for factors that might influence the results, including other aspects of a healthy diet. Limitations of the study include the fact that food consumption is self-reported, and participants may over- or under-estimate intake of certain foods based on perceived social desirability. Due to its observational design, the study does not reflect a causal relationship.   Antibiotics in early life could affect brain development Exposure to antibiotics in utero or after birth could lead to brain disorders in later childhood Rutgers University, July 14, 2021 Antibiotic exposure early in life could alter human brain development in areas responsible for cognitive and emotional functions, according to a Rutgers researcher. The laboratory study, published in the journal iScience, suggests that penicillin changes the microbiome - the trillions of beneficial microorganisms that live in and on our bodies - as well as gene expression, which allows cells to respond to its changing environment, in key areas of the developing brain. The findings suggest reducing widespread antibiotic use or using alternatives when possible to prevent neurodevelopment problems.  Penicillin and related medicines (like ampicillin and amoxicillin) are the most widely used antibiotics in children worldwide. In the United States, the average child receives nearly three courses of antibiotics before the age of 2. Similar or greater exposure rates occur in many other countries.  "Our previous work has shown that exposing young animals to antibiotics changes their metabolism and immunity. The third important development in early life involves the brain. This study is preliminary but shows a correlation between altering the microbiome and changes in the brain that should be further explored," said lead author Martin Blaser, director of the Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine at Rutgers. The study compared mice that were exposed to low-dose penicillin in utero or immediately after birth to those that were not exposed. They found that mice given penicillin experienced substantial changes in their intestinal microbiota and had altered gene expression in the frontal cortex and amygdala, two key areas in the brain responsible for the development of memory as well as fear and stress responses.  A growing body of evidence links phenomena in the intestinal tract with signaling to the brain, a field of study known as the "gut-brain-axis." If this pathway is disturbed, it can lead to permanent altering of the brain's structure and function and possibly lead to neuropsychiatric or neurodegenerative disorders in later childhood or adulthood. "Early life is a critical period for neurodevelopment," Blaser said. "In recent decades, there has been a rise in the incidence of childhood neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and learning disabilities. Although increased awareness and diagnosis are likely contributing factors, disruptions in cerebral gene expression early in development also could be responsible." Future studies are needed to determine whether antibiotics directly effect brain development or if molecules from the microbiome that travel to the brain disturb gene activity and cause cognitive deficits.  The study was conducted along with Zhan Gao at Rutgers and Blaser's former graduate student Anjelique Schulfer, as well as Angelina Volkova, Kelly Ruggles, and Stephen Ginsberg at New York University, who all played important roles in this joint Rutgers-New York University project.   Taking the brain out for a walk A recent study shows that spending time outdoors has a positive effect on our brains Max Planck Institute for Human Development, July 15, 2021 If you're regularly out in the fresh air, you're doing something good for both your brain and your well-being. This is the conclusion reached by researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Human Development and the Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE). The longitudinal study recently appeared in The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry. During the Corona pandemic, walks became a popular and regular pastime. A neuroscientific study suggests that this habit has a good effect not only on our general well-being but also on our brain structure. It shows that the human brain benefits from even short stays outdoors. Until now, it was assumed that environments affect us only over longer periods of time. The researchers regularly examined six healthy, middle-aged city dwellers for six months. In total, more than 280 scans were taken of their brains using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The focus of the study was on self-reported behavior during the last 24 hours and in particular on the hours that participants spent outdoors prior to imaging. In addition, they were asked about their fluid intake, consumption of caffeinated beverages, the amount of time spent outside, and physical activity, in order to see if these factors altered the association between time spent outside and the brain. In order to be able to include seasonal differences, the duration of sunshine in the study period was also taken into account. Brain scans show that the time spent outdoors by the participants was positively related to gray matter in the right dorsolateral-prefrontal cortex, which is the superior (dorsal) and lateral part of the frontal lobe in the cerebral cortex. This part of the cortex is involved in the planning and regulation of actions as well as what is referred to as cognitive control. In addition, many psychiatric disorders are known to be associated with a reduction in gray matter in the prefrontal area of the brain. The results persisted even when the other factors that could also explain the relationship between time spent outdoors and brain structure were kept constant. The researchers performed statistical calculations in order to examine the influence of sunshine duration, number of hours of free time, physical activity, and fluid intake on the results. The calculations revealed that time spent outdoors had a positive effect on the brain regardless of the other influencing factors. "Our results show that our brain structure and mood improve when we spend time outdoors. This most likely also affects concentration, working memory, and the psyche as a whole. We are investigating this in an ongoing study. The subjects are asked to also solve cognitively challenging tasks and wear numerous sensors that measure the amount of light they are exposed to during the day, among other environmental indicators," says Simone Kühn, head of the Lise Meitner Group for Environmental Neuroscience at the Max Planck Institute for Human Development and lead author of the study. The results therefore, support the previously assumed positive effects of walking on health and extend them by the concrete positive effects on the brain. Because most psychiatric disorders are associated with deficits in the prefrontal cortex, this is of particular importance to the field of psychiatry. "These findings provide neuroscientific support for the treatment of mental disorders. Doctors could prescribe a walk in the fresh air as part of the therapy - similar to what is customary for health cures," says Anna Mascherek, post-doctoral fellow in the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy of the Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE) and co-author of the study. In the ongoing studies, the researchers also want to directly compare the effects of green environments vs urban spaces on the brain. In order to understand where exactly the study participants spend their time outdoors, the researchers plan to use GPS (Global Positioning System) data and include other factors that may play a role such as traffic noise and air pollution.     Vitamin C found to block growth of cancer stem cells, says peer reviewed study University of Salford (UK),  July 8, 2021   Increasingly, researchers are discovering the role played by cancer stem cells in the growth and spread of the disease. In groundbreaking new research, vitamin C showed its ability to target cancer stem cells and stop their growth – preventing the recurrence of tumors. Although mainstream medicine has been slow to accept the cancer-fighting properties of vitamin C, the exciting results of this study could help to change that. It's official: Vitamin C interferes with cancer stem cell metabolism In a newly-published study conducted at the University of Salford in Manchester, vitamin C demonstrated its power to stop tumors in their tracks by interfering with cancer stem cell metabolism – suppressing their ability to process energy for survival and growth. Cancer stem cells are responsible for triggering tumor recurrence, and promoting their growth and metastasis. Researchers believe that cancer stem cells give cancer its ability to resist chemotherapy and radiation – the reason for treatment failure in advanced cancer patients. The study, helmed by researchers Michael P. Lisanti and Gloria Bonucelli, was published last month in Oncotarget, a peer-reviewed journal. Peer-reviewed studies are considered the gold standard of scientific research. The study was the first to explore the effects of vitamin C on cancer stem cells – and provided the first evidence that vitamin C, in the form of ascorbic acid, can target and kill them. In a side-by-side comparison of seven different substances, vitamin C even outperformed an experimental cancer drug. Vitamin C works ten times better than the experimental cancer drug 2-DG The team investigated the impact on cancer stem cells of seven different substances. Three were natural substances, three were experimental drugs, and one was an FDA-approved clinical drug that is widely used. The natural products studied, along with vitamin C, were silibinin – derived from milk thistle seeds – and caffeic acid phenyl ester – or CAPE – derived from honeybee propolis. The experimental drugs were actinonin, FK866 and 2-DG, and the clinical drug was stiripentol. Researchers noted that vitamin C destroyed cancer stem cells by inducing oxidative stress. And, the vitamin performed this process ten times more effectively than 2-DG. Vitamin C used two different mechanisms of action to attack cancer stem cells. It worked as a pro-oxidant in cancer cells, depleting them of the antioxidant glutathione and causing oxidative stress and apoptosis – or cell death. It also inhibited glycolysis, which is the process that creates energy production in cell mitochondria. By inhibiting glycolysis, vitamin C inhibited mitrochondrial protein synthesis in cancer stem cells – while leaving healthy cells unaffected. Non-toxic vitamin C lacks the serious side effects of many pharmaceutical drugs Both experimental and approved cancer drugs can feature serious adverse effects, including thrombocytopenia – a deficiency of platelets in the blood that can cause bruising and slow blood clotting. They can also induce lymphopenia – a decrease in the body's infection-fighting white blood cells – and anemia, or low red blood cells. And the clinically-approved drug used in the study, stiripentol, can cause severe nausea, vomiting and fatigue. On the other hand, the National Cancer Center reports that high-dose vitamin C has caused very few side effects when used in clinical studies. Scientifically speaking, the future looks bright for vitamin C All seven of the substances tested inhibited the growth of cancer cells to varying degrees – including the non-toxic natural substances. But researchers said the most “exciting” results were with vitamin C. The research team concluded that vitamin C was a “promising new agent,” and called for more study to explore its use as an adjunct to conventional cancer therapies to prevent tumor recurrence and growth. “Vitamin C is cheap, natural, non-toxic and readily available, so to have it as a potential weapon in the fight against cancer would be a significant step,” observed Dr. Lisanti. As in most of the successful studies showing vitamin C's cancer-fighting properties, researchers used high doses of vitamin C, administered intravenously. IV vitamin C therapy is available in some alternative and holistic cancer treatment clinics worldwide. The real reason why vitamin C is ignored by conventional medicine and the mainstream media Again, vitamin C was 1,000 percent more effective than 2-DG, an experimental pharmaceutical drug – in targeting cancer stem cells. If vitamin C were developed by big pharma, these results would be shouted from the rooftops and featured in newspaper headlines. Yet, as always, “the powers that be” in mainstream medicine respond with…crickets. The reason; say natural health experts, is all too obvious. As a natural nutrient and vitamin, vitamin C can't be patented, and is inexpensive and easy to obtain. Therefore, there is no incentive for cancer clinics to promote it – when they can instead rake in the profits from chemotherapy. The indifference of conventional medicine to vitamin C is all the more frustrating because the nutrient has been shown to be an effective and non-toxic anti-cancer agent in previous studies, including many conducted by Nobel prize-winning scientist Linus Pauling. Vitamin C has been shown in a Japanese study to cut mortality in cancer patients by 25 percent. In addition, it has inhibited tumors in animal studies, and been shown to kill cancer cells in a wide variety of cancer cell lines. How much longer will the potential of this safe and powerful cancer-fighting nutrient be overlooked?     Mothers' high-fat diet affects clotting response in sons, mice study finds University of Reading (UK), July 13, 2021 Mothers who follow a high fat diet may be affecting the cardiovascular health of their sons, according to a new study in mice. In a paper published in Scientific Reports, a team of scientists found that the male children of mice mothers who were fed on a high fat diet during pregnancy had unhealthy platelets, which are responsible for clotting, when fed on a high fat diet themselves. Although both male and female children of the mothers fed on a high fat diet showed a variety of risks associated with cardiovascular disease, it was only the platelets of male mice which were considered hyperactive. These platelets were larger, more volatile and showed signs of stress compared to offspring fed on a normal diet. Dr. Dyan Sellayah, lecturer in cellular and organismal metabolism at the University of Reading said: "Heart disease is one of the UK's biggest killers and mounting evidence suggests that the risk of developing it may be increased during early development, particularly during the gestation period where mothers have a high-fat diet/are obese. The underlying mechanisms by which an unhealthy maternal diet may impact heart disease risk remains largely unknown. "This study used a mouse model of maternal obesity to understand how specialist blood cells known as platelets may be programmed during pregnancy. Platelets are important for blood clotting but are also the cause of heart attacks and strokes if they are activated at the wrong time and place." Children of the mothers fed on a high fat diet who followed a control diet however did not show the same concerning heart disease risks. The offspring from the group given a control diet had very similar levels of fat mass, cholesterol and other markets of cardiovascular health as the children of mothers fed a standard diet. In addition, where mothers had been fed a standard diet and their offspring fed a high fat diet, those children had higher levels of fat mass and other cardiovascular markers, but their platelets were statistically similar to the other groups apart from where both mum and child were fed high fat diet.  Dr. Craig Hughes, lecturer in cardiovascular biology at the University of Reading said: "This study revealed that maternal obesity during pregnancy causes offspring platelets to become hyperactive in response to a high-fat diet in adulthood. These results raise the possibility that the risk of unwanted blood clotting (aka thrombosis) in adulthood could be altered during pregnancy by diet of the mother. "The specific mechanisms for why high fat diets affect male offspring are still being investigated but we can see that there's likely to be a double-hit where both mums and sons diets together were required to see these bigger, more hyperactive platelets."

This week is GPS Week. What is GPS Week? It's defined as Goal, Purpose and Strategy. Just like a GPS - Global Positioning System we are going to set your direction in the world. We are going to craft the map to get you working towards your goals. This will be your treasure map - the treasure are your goals. In order for us to find your treasure, we have to identify and get clear on what you want. In this episode it is the FINAL ROUND where you will completing this GPS Week. How do you complete it? Listen to this episode. This is the behind the scenes video - you will hear the audio version of it. If you want to watch the video and get the worksheet to download and work through, make sure you go to www.tiffanymika.com/gpsweek You can register just add your name and email. You get the training for FREE! Look forward to seeing you there. Have an absolutely awesome day and remember, Dream Big, Believe In You & Go After Your Dreams. To your abundance, Tiffany Mika P.S. Leave a comment and share with me what you liked best about what you heard today... thank you. Connect With Tiff Here: Instagram: www.instagram.com/tiffanymikacox/ Facebook: www.facebook.com/tiffanymikatakesaction Twitter: www.twitter.com/tiffanymika SnapChat: tiffanymika01 Website: www.tiffany-mika.com Email: tiff@tiffany-mika.com

This week is GPS Week. What is GPS Week? It's defined as Goal, Purpose and Strategy. Just like a GPS - Global Positioning System we are going to set your direction in the world. We are going to craft the map to get you working towards your goals. This will be your treasure map - the treasure are your goals. In order for us to find your treasure, we have to identify and get clear on what you want. Therefore in this episode SETTING YOUR GOALS FOR THE QUARTER. This is a crucial step. Don't disregard this step. It is essential you do this step. This is the behind the scenes video - you will hear the audio version of it. If you want to watch the video and get the worksheet to download and work through, make sure you go to www.tiffanymika.com/gpsweek You can register just add your name and email. You get the training for FREE! Look forward to seeing you there. Have an absolutely awesome day and remember, Dream Big, Believe In You & Go After Your Dreams. To your abundance, Tiffany Mika P.S. Leave a comment and share with me what you liked best about what you heard today... thank you. Connect With Tiff Here: Instagram: www.instagram.com/tiffanymikacox/ Facebook: www.facebook.com/tiffanymikatakesaction Twitter: www.twitter.com/tiffanymika SnapChat: tiffanymika01 Website: www.tiffany-mika.com Email: tiff@tiffany-mika.com

This week is GPS Week. What is GPS Week? It's defined as Goal, Purpose and Strategy. Just like a GPS - Global Positioning System we are going to set your direction in the world. We are going to craft the map to get you working towards your goals. This will be your treasure map - the treasure are your goals. In order for us to find your treasure, we have to identify and get clear on what you want. Therefore in this episode we are putting SYSTEMS in place. What type of systems? Then you must listen to this episode. This is the behind the scenes video - you will hear the audio version of it. If you want to watch the video and get the worksheet to download and work through, make sure you go to www.tiffanymika.com/gpsweek You can register just add your name and email. You get the training for FREE! Look forward to seeing you there. Have an absolutely awesome day and remember, Dream Big, Believe In You & Go After Your Dreams. To your abundance, Tiffany Mika P.S. Leave a comment and share with me what you liked best about what you heard today... thank you. Connect With Tiff Here: Instagram: www.instagram.com/tiffanymikacox/ Facebook: www.facebook.com/tiffanymikatakesaction Twitter: www.twitter.com/tiffanymika SnapChat: tiffanymika01 Website: www.tiffany-mika.com Email: tiff@tiffany-mika.com

This week is GPS Week. What is GPS Week? It's defined as Goal, Purpose and Strategy. Just like a GPS - Global Positioning System we are going to set your direction in the world. We are going to craft the map to get you working towards your goals. This will be your treasure map - the treasure are your goals. In order for us to find your treasure, we have to identify and get clear on what you want. In this episode it is the FINAL ROUND where you will completing this GPS Week. How do you complete it? Listen to this episode. This is the behind the scenes video - you will hear the audio version of it. If you want to watch the video and get the worksheet to download and work through, make sure you go to www.tiffanymika.com/gpsweek You can register just add your name and email. You get the training for FREE! Look forward to seeing you there. Have an absolutely awesome day and remember, Dream Big, Believe In You & Go After Your Dreams. To your abundance, Tiffany Mika P.S. Leave a comment and share with me what you liked best about what you heard today... thank you. Connect With Tiff Here: Instagram: www.instagram.com/tiffanymikacox/ Facebook: www.facebook.com/tiffanymikatakesaction Twitter: www.twitter.com/tiffanymika SnapChat: tiffanymika01 Website: www.tiffany-mika.com Email: tiff@tiffany-mika.com

This week is GPS Week. What is GPS Week? It's defined as Goal, Purpose and Strategy. Just like a GPS - Global Positioning System we are going to set your direction in the world. We are going to craft the map to get you working towards your goals. This will be your treasure map - the treasure are your goals. In order for us to find your treasure, we have to identify and get clear on what you want. Therefore in this episode SETTING YOUR GOALS FOR THE QUARTER. This is a crucial step. Don't disregard this step. It is essential you do this step. This is the behind the scenes video - you will hear the audio version of it. If you want to watch the video and get the worksheet to download and work through, make sure you go to www.tiffanymika.com/gpsweek You can register just add your name and email. You get the training for FREE! Look forward to seeing you there. Have an absolutely awesome day and remember, Dream Big, Believe In You & Go After Your Dreams. To your abundance, Tiffany Mika P.S. Leave a comment and share with me what you liked best about what you heard today... thank you. Connect With Tiff Here: Instagram: www.instagram.com/tiffanymikacox/ Facebook: www.facebook.com/tiffanymikatakesaction Twitter: www.twitter.com/tiffanymika SnapChat: tiffanymika01 Website: www.tiffany-mika.com Email: tiff@tiffany-mika.com

This week is GPS Week. What is GPS Week? It's defined as Goal, Purpose and Strategy. Just like a GPS - Global Positioning System we are going to set your direction in the world. We are going to craft the map to get you working towards your goals. This will be your treasure map - the treasure are your goals. In order for us to find your treasure, we have to identify and get clear on what you want. Therefore in this episode we are putting SYSTEMS in place. What type of systems? Then you must listen to this episode. This is the behind the scenes video - you will hear the audio version of it. If you want to watch the video and get the worksheet to download and work through, make sure you go to www.tiffanymika.com/gpsweek You can register just add your name and email. You get the training for FREE! Look forward to seeing you there. Have an absolutely awesome day and remember, Dream Big, Believe In You & Go After Your Dreams. To your abundance, Tiffany Mika P.S. Leave a comment and share with me what you liked best about what you heard today... thank you. Connect With Tiff Here: Instagram: www.instagram.com/tiffanymikacox/ Facebook: www.facebook.com/tiffanymikatakesaction Twitter: www.twitter.com/tiffanymika SnapChat: tiffanymika01 Website: www.tiffany-mika.com Email: tiff@tiffany-mika.com

This week is GPS Week. What is GPS Week? It's defined as Goal, Purpose and Strategy. Just like a GPS - Global Positioning System we are going to set your direction in the world. We are going to craft the map to get you working towards your goals. This will be your treasure map - the treasure are your goals. In order for us to find your treasure, we have to identify and get clear on what you want. Therefore in this episode we are IDENTIFYING PROBLEMS on exactly what will hold you back from accomplishing your goals this year. This is the behind the scenes video - you will hear the audio version of it. If you want to watch the video and get the worksheet to download and work through, make sure you go to www.tiffanymika.com/gpsweek You can register just add your name and email. You get the training for FREE! Look forward to seeing you there. Have an absolutely awesome day and remember, Dream Big, Believe In You & Go After Your Dreams. To your abundance, Tiffany Mika P.S. Leave a comment and share with me what you liked best about what you heard today... thank you. Connect With Tiff Here: Instagram: www.instagram.com/tiffanymikacox/ Facebook: www.facebook.com/tiffanymikatakesaction Twitter: www.twitter.com/tiffanymika SnapChat: tiffanymika01 Website: www.tiffany-mika.com Email: tiff@tiffany-mika.com

最实用日常生活及旅游英语，零基础学习必备！每日更新！喜马拉雅听众有福啦！笨笨老师5天系统直播课程免费送！【额外福利赠送】免费五天直播课程学习助你：3个月说出简单英语口语，6-12个月一口流利英语口语！一口流利的英语=1整套真正有效的课程（独特科学的学习方法+发音+词汇+连略读+句型+英语思维+结构变换+情景对话）【听课好礼】听课立送价值299元《走遍美国》全集课程视频！复制并加笨笨老师微信号立即听课微信号：benbenkouyu1，备注：学习语言作为一种独特的符号系统，　　有时它并不会以 “全面目” 示人，　　而是“犹抱琵琶半遮面” 作为英语专业人士，　　我们要能在茫茫 “词海” 中，　　和“中意”的word，　　互相确认眼神~　　（even 你是近视眼） 是　　缩 略 词　　！！！　　好啦！　　让我们拨开云雾　　彼此 “素颜相对”，　　一起看看那些年我们爱过的缩略词！01　　口语缩略词　　你知道吗？= 你造吗？　　-01-　　wanna （ want to ）　　wanna 是 “want to” 的缩写，意为“想要”“希望”　　e.g.　　Wanna grab a drink tonight？ 　　今晚喝一杯如何？　　-02-　　gonna （ going to ）　　gonna 是“going to” 的缩写　　e.g.　　Who's gonna believe you？　　谁会信你呢？　　　-03-　　kinda （ kind of ）　　kinda 是“kind of”的缩写，意为“有点”“有几分”　　e.g.　　I'm kinda freaking out！ 　　我快疯了！　　-04-　　sorta （ sort of ）　　sorta 是 “sort of” 的缩写，意为“有几分”“可以说是”　　e.g.　　I'm sorta excited.　　我有点小兴奋！　　-05-　　gotta （ got to ）　　gotta是“got to”的缩写，意为“不得不”“必须”　　e.g.　　I gotta go now.　　我现在得走了。　　-06-　　cauze （because）　　cauze是“because”的缩写，意为“因为”　　e.g.　　I'll leave this to you， cauze I don't wanna miss the party.　　这个就交给你了，因为我不想错过这次聚会。　02　　书面语缩略词　　然而并没有什么卵用=然并卵　　（acronym）　-01-　　[品牌缩写]　　IKEA：（宜家）瑞典公司的牌子为四个词[Ingvar Kamprad Elmtaryd Agunnaryd]的首字母缩写，在瑞典语中的发音确实是“ee-key-a”，英美人的发音却是“eye-key-a”，估计是遵从了“IBM”、“ISO”这种缩略词的字母I发音模式，只不过后面的“KEA”连读而已，类似“idea”。　-02-　　[考试缩写]　　① IELTS–International English Language Testing System 雅思（课程）；中文意为 “国际英语（精品课）水平测试”　　②TOEFL–Test of English as a Foreign Language 托福（课程）；中文意为：“检定非英语为母语者的英语能力考试”　　③GRE（课程）–Graduate Record Examination美国研究生入学考试。　　-03-　　[短语缩写]　　BTW = by the way：顺便说一下　　OIC = oh I see：我明白了　　BRB = be right back：马上回来　　B4N = bye for now：再见　　LOL = laughing out loud：大笑　　JK = just kidding：仅仅是玩笑　　WRU = where are you：你在哪　　NP = no problem：没问题　　RUOK = are you ok：你还好吗　　ASAP=as soon as possiable：尽快　　-04-　　[日常缩写]　　P.S. （附言）：post scriptum　　Ph.D. （博士）：Philosophy Doctor　　ATM：Automated Teller Machine 自动取款机　　POS：Point of Sales 刷卡机　　App：是 application 的缩写，正确发音为：爱P~　　PDF：全称Portable Document Format 译为便携文档格式　　GPS：Global Positioning System全球定位系统　　CD：Compact Disc压缩光盘　　-05-　　[邮件缩写]　　FW：forward 转发　　CC：Carbon Copy 抄送 BCC：Blind Carbon Copy 秘送 Encl ：enclosure 随信附上　03　　外来缩略词　　sofa=沙发　　（borrowed words）　　[拉丁文缩写]　　A.D. （公元）：Anno Domini　　CV （简历）：curriculum vitae　　e.g. （例如）：exempli gratia　　etc. （等等…）：et cetera　　et al. （以及其他人；等人）：et alii　　i.e.（即是）：id est　　a.m.（上午）：ante meridiem　　p.m.（下午）：post meridiem　　VS（相对立，相对照）：versus　　今天学习的内容，你get到了吗？【锦鲤附体 免费学习】五天免费直播口语课程旅游英语干货，口语知识，学习方法3个月学会简单英语6-12个月说出一口流利英语口语【学习内容】音标，拼读，连读略读，语音语调词汇，句型，听力，思维，情景对话笨笨口语独创三大方法突破哑巴英语从零基础到流利口语。【听课好礼】听课送价值299元《走遍美国》全集课程视频！复制并加笨笨老师微信号立即听课微信号：benbenkouyu1，备注：学习

This week is GPS Week. What is GPS Week? It's defined as Goal, Purpose and Strategy. Just like a GPS - Global Positioning System we are going to set your direction in the world. We are going to craft the map to get you working towards your goals. This will be your treasure map - the treasure are your goals. In order for us to find your treasure, we have to identify and get clear on what you want. Therefore in this episode we have entered a new decade, a new year and a new beginning. We will be planning out your next decade! This is the behind the scenes video - you will hear the audio version of it. If you want to watch the video and get the worksheet to download and work through, make sure you go to www.tiffanymika.com/gpsweek You can register just add your name and email. You get the training for FREE! Look forward to seeing you there. Have an absolutely awesome day and remember, Dream Big, Believe In You & Go After Your Dreams. To your abundance, Tiffany Mika P.S. Leave a comment and share with me what you liked best about what you heard today... thank you. Connect With Tiff Here: Instagram: www.instagram.com/tiffanymikacox/ Facebook: www.facebook.com/tiffanymikatakesaction Twitter: www.twitter.com/tiffanymika SnapChat: tiffanymika01 Website: www.tiffany-mika.com Email: tiff@tiffany-mika.com

GPS – Global Positioning System – we all have them on our phone. We use them to navigate us through unknown territory, to direct us to where we need to end up. What do you use to guide you through life? To determine your next step? To get you around obstacles? To get you where you need to be? The Perfect GPS for life is God’s Perfect Son, Jesus.

语言作为一种独特的符号系统，　　有时它并不会以 “全面目” 示人，　　而是“犹抱琵琶半遮面” 作为英语专业人士，　　我们要能在茫茫 “词海” 中，　　和“中意”的word，　　互相确认眼神~　　（even 你是近视眼）是　　缩 略 词　　！！！　　好啦！　　让我们拨开云雾　　彼此 “素颜相对”，　　一起看看那些年我们爱过的缩略词！01　　口语缩略词　　你知道吗？= 你造吗？　　-01-　　wanna （ want to ）　　wanna 是 “want to” 的缩写，意为“想要”“希望”　　e.g.　　Wanna grab a drink tonight？ 　　今晚喝一杯如何？　　-02-　　gonna （ going to ）　　gonna 是“going to” 的缩写　　e.g.　　Who's gonna believe you？　　谁会信你呢？　　　-03-　　kinda （ kind of ）　　kinda 是“kind of”的缩写，意为“有点”“有几分”　　e.g.　　I'm kinda freaking out！ 　　我快疯了！　　-04-　　sorta （ sort of ）　　sorta 是 “sort of” 的缩写，意为“有几分”“可以说是”　　e.g.　　I'm sorta excited.　　我有点小兴奋！　　-05-　　gotta （ got to ）　　gotta是“got to”的缩写，意为“不得不”“必须”　　e.g.　　I gotta go now.　　我现在得走了。　　-06-　　cauze （because）　　cauze是“because”的缩写，意为“因为”　　e.g.　　I'll leave this to you， cauze I don't wanna miss the party.　　这个就交给你了，因为我不想错过这次聚会。　　02　　书面语缩略词　　然而并没有什么卵用=然并卵　　（acronym）　-01-　　[品牌缩写]　　IKEA：（宜家）瑞典公司的牌子为四个词[Ingvar Kamprad Elmtaryd Agunnaryd]的首字母缩写，在瑞典语中的发音确实是“ee-key-a”，英美人的发音却是“eye-key-a”，估计是遵从了“IBM”、“ISO”这种缩略词的字母I发音模式，只不过后面的“KEA”连读而已，类似“idea”。　-02-　　[考试缩写]　　① IELTS–International English Language Testing System 雅思（课程）；中文意为 “国际英语（精品课）水平测试”　　②TOEFL–Test of English as a Foreign Language 托福（课程）；中文意为：“检定非英语为母语者的英语能力考试”　　③GRE（课程）–Graduate Record Examination美国研究生入学考试。　　-03-　　[短语缩写]　　BTW = by the way：顺便说一下　　OIC = oh I see：我明白了　　BRB = be right back：马上回来　　B4N = bye for now：再见　　LOL = laughing out loud：大笑　　JK = just kidding：仅仅是玩笑　　WRU = where are you：你在哪　　NP = no problem：没问题　　RUOK = are you ok：你还好吗　　ASAP=as soon as possiable：尽快　　-04-　　[日常缩写]　　P.S. （附言）： post scriptum　　Ph.D. （博士）： Philosophy Doctor　　ATM：Automated Teller Machine 自动取款机　　POS：Point of Sales 刷卡机　　App：是 application 的缩写，正确发音为：爱P~　　PDF：全称Portable Document Format 译为便携文档格式　　GPS：Global Positioning System全球定位系统　　CD：Compact Disc压缩光盘　　-05-　　[邮件缩写]　　FW： forward 转发　　CC： Carbon Copy 抄送 BCC： Blind Carbon Copy 秘送 Encl ： enclosure 随信附上　03　　外来缩略词　　sofa=沙发　　（borrowed words）　　[拉丁文缩写]　　A.D. （公元）： Anno Domini　　CV （简历）： curriculum vitae　　e.g. （例如）： exempli gratia　　etc. （等等…）： et cetera　　et al. （以及其他人；等人）： et alii　　i.e.（即是）： id est　　a.m.（上午）：ante meridiem　　p.m.（下午）：post meridiem　　VS（相对立，相对照）：versus　　今天学习的内容，你get到了吗？

We have a saying in our family, "I'm not feeling it."It's simple and yet what it means is that it doesn't resonate or it could simply be that I'm not in the mood!When it's just down to mood, then you have to deal with the mood first since mood can make you miss out, but what I want to deal with is the "Feeling."Not All Feelings Are To Be IgnoredWhilst I believe that feelings have robbed so many of us of great opportunities, I also believe that we've sometimes gone too far in the wrong direction... ignored our hearts and then suffered the consequences.Yes we must go beyond the feeling, but the mind of the heart is more powerful than the mind of your brain. Period! And it's knowing the difference that's important.Our heart is our GPS (Global Positioning System) but all too often we ignore it and elevate reason and what we can hear, see, smell, touch and taste ... our 5 senses. Call this sense knowledge.The heart on the other hand has the capacity to understand things that are beyond our rational understanding ... or beyond sense knowledge.What we need is wisdom and discernment and if you have to justify with logic and ignore you're heart, then you need to let it go.God has a divine purpose for you, but you can't get there with your head.And your head mind will tell you things that will sit in judgement over your heart mind. That's when you need that wisdom and discernment I made reference to earlier.So, The Heart MattersAnd if it's not giving you a resounding "yes" or you're not at peace, and you're having to use logic to justify your decision, then maybe you should just let it go!I also don't believe the heart says "no." I don't think it has that capacity. I believe that what happens is that the heart just stands firm on truth, as I spoke about in my article, "Know The Truth ... It Will Set You Free."I remember a time, some years ago, when we had to renew our mortgage agreement. y husband went through the process of arranging the mortgage and with logic, decided to opt for the offer that was about £150 cheaper than the alternative arrangement.He didn't feel at ease about it and when the paperwork was sent to us for signing, he called the company and told them that he didn't know what it was, but he felt he ought to have taken their alternative offer.The company were okay with that and sent us the new paperwork to sign.Let me just say that that was before the recession. When the recession started and other people were paying over the odds for their mortgage, we were paying £250.00. If you saw the size of our house, you'd know that was ridiculous!But, Chris's heart stood firm and he listened to it, which was good news for us.How about you?Talk to me about how you feel when you're "not feeling it." And tell me about a time when you've either listened to that voice and it worked in your favour, or you've closed it off and had to live with the consequences.I'm going to be looking out for your stories.

新知日历 | 喜马拉雅平台首档自制知识资讯类音频节目从专业人士演讲、权威学术期刊、社会热点文章，行业大数据平台，分析报告等各类来源提取新认知、新观点和新趋势，为用户提供每日高品质知识资讯。新知识 | 点一次外卖，你调动了几颗卫星？点外卖已经成为了现代人的一种习惯。 为了“吃”其然“吃”其所以然，我来考考你啊： 外卖员是怎么在短短几十分钟内完成找饭店-找路-找你这一流程的？ 没错，答案就是手机导航。 其实啊，手机导航背后还有个“大靠山”，那就是天上的卫星。这就厉害了，那我们点一次外卖，需要动用几颗卫星呢？ 答案是4颗。大部分手机导航软件采用了GPS系统，这个系统一共部署了31颗卫星，覆盖了地球表面超过98%的范围。 这样的部署保证了在地球上任意一点都能够同时被其中4颗卫星捕捉到。这4颗卫星就像一个广播台，24小时对外广播自己的位置和时间。外卖员手机内置的导航芯片同时接收到这4颗导航卫星发布的信息后，迅速可以列出一个方程组：解出饭店和你家所在位置的经度、维度、高程和时间这4个未知数，然后规划出最佳路线。不过，世界这么大，外卖员会不会找错地方呢？这你就多虑了，官方数据显示，民用GPS的定位精度在5米以内，军用、航天、商用领域的定位精度可以达到厘米级，甚至毫米级！ 有了导航这个超级外挂，美味佳肴当然能热气腾腾的送到你手上啦！ 导航系统不光能帮助外卖员快速送餐，还能方便我们的出行。 无论是开车、骑车还是步行，导航都能规划出最短、最快或者红绿灯最少的路线，简直是路痴之宝。从此，妈妈再也不用担心我迷路了。 不过，这样一个伟大的系统当初可不是为了帮助懒人、拯救路痴而设计的。 从上世纪70年代开始，美军为了实时掌握“我在哪”“我的队友在哪”“敌人在哪”这些重要信息，一口气发射了24颗卫星，建成了“全球卫星定位系统”。也就是GPS，全称是Global Positioning System。 有了GPS这项黑科技的加持，在海湾战争中，美军的导弹和战斗机基本实现了“指哪打哪”的高精度准确打击。秒杀了敌方在人员和武器数量上的优势，以很小的伤亡代价打了胜仗。 这就好比，打败康师傅的不是五谷道场，而是美团外卖。 吃了大亏以后，许多国家才恍然大悟：“原来打仗还能这么玩！” 于是大家争先恐后地建立自己的导航系统，与GPS分庭抗礼。 目前，世界上一共有4个全球卫星导航系统，分别是美国的GPS系统、欧洲的伽利略系统（Galileo）、中国的北斗系统和俄罗斯格的洛纳斯系统（GLONASS）。它们一起被联合国卫星导航委员会认定为“全球卫星导航系统四大核心供应商”。 在民用市场份额上，GPS最大，伽利略系统次之，北斗第三，格洛纳斯第四。除此之外，还有两个区域卫星导航系统：日本“准天顶”系统和印度区域导航卫星系统（IRNSS）。 虽然目前美国的GPS系统占绝对优势，但现在很多手机也可以兼容北斗系统了。 比如小米8和华为手机的部分型号就采用了GPS+北斗的导航系统，这样的多系统组合有利于提升定位精度。 换句话说，作为使用者，卫星系统和卫星数量是越多越靠谱。所以说，GPS和北斗并不是对手关系，而是互相扶持、彼此成就。 是不是多了些惺惺相惜的意味呢？ 既然导航如此靠谱，怎么有时还会听到“导航失灵”的抱怨呢？ 从理论上讲，有些极端情况可能会降低导航信号强度。比如太阳黑子爆发，由此产生的电磁波、X射线和强紫外线等能够影响地球大气层中的电离层。 但雨雪、云层、气压、雾霾等常见因素都不会影响导航卫星的定位功能。如果你觉得导航失灵了，多半是接收端，也就是手机或者车载导航的问题。导航系统需要在开阔的地方使用，地下停车场、隧道、高架桥、密林小路和高楼林立的窄道等地段会导致信号衰减。 另外，观察一下手机周围是不是放置了强磁场物品、是不是有隔热纸或者金属成分遮蔽。同时检查导航软件是否更新了最新地图包，这些都是可能导致定位不准的原因。 所以，下次导航出问题，可别把锅甩给导航卫星了，多从自身找找原因。 除了帮外卖员送货和给路痴指路以外，卫星还是一位全能型选手。在预防森林火灾、监测云层移动、定位高产渔场等方面都身手不凡。 有兴趣的话，去探索一下吧！ 以上就是今天的新知日历。 关于导航，你有什么故事想要分享或者吐槽吗？欢迎在评论区给我留言。 我是煜霖，下期再见。Source1、北斗有35颗卫星，而GPS有24颗卫星，为什么二者数量不同？ 2、GPS定位为什么要最少4颗卫星？3、全球卫星导航哪家强？撰稿 | 董璞玉主持人 | 张煜霖，原海南电视台、杭州电视台主持人、记者。主编 | 韩悦思节目运营 | 柳婷婷专辑图视觉创意 | 贺归昀主视觉 | 李芳舟

配乐：《岸部眞明 - November》笨笨口语四步法Ben's Four Steps第一步：音节分解第二步：逐个单词第三步：连读分解第四步：一气呵成　Wanna grab a drink tonight？ 　今晚喝一杯如何？ NO.1音节分解（多音节词详细分解，方便读音与记忆）双音节词　wa-nna：/ˈwɒ-nə/ v. (动词）想要 双音节词　to-night：/tə-ˈnaɪt/ adv. (副词）在今晚 NO.2逐个单词（标准美音慢速朗读，讲解拼读、音标、词法、语法）wanna想要grab拿、取 a drink酒，酒精饮料tonight在今晚 拼读与音标拼读dr辅音字母组合/dr/例词：drink（单音节）酒，酒精饮料drastic（dra-stic）激烈的;猛烈的drumstick（drum-stick）鸡腿drop（单音节）落下 词法与语法无 NO.3连读分解（连读略读，全面分解，真正说出一口流利美式英语） 连读grab a→grab agra ba略读drink tonight→drink tonightdrin tonight NO.4一气呵成（慢速朗读，反复收听，大声模仿，脱口而出)Wanna grab a drink tonight？ 今晚喝一杯如何？英英解释单词学英语思维（既然是英英解释，不再提供中文翻译）drink：酒;酒精饮料 A drink is an alcoholic drink.语言作为一种独特的符号系统，　　有时它并不会以 “全面目” 示人，　　而是“犹抱琵琶半遮面” 作为英语专业人士，　　我们要能在茫茫 “词海” 中，　　和“中意”的word，　　互相确认眼神~　　（even 你是近视眼）是　　缩 略 词　　！！！　　好啦！　　让我们拨开云雾　　彼此 “素颜相对”，　　一起看看那些年我们爱过的缩略词！01　　口语缩略词　　你知道吗？= 你造吗？　　-01-　　wanna （ want to ）　　wanna 是 “want to” 的缩写，意为“想要”“希望”　　e.g.　　Wanna grab a drink tonight？ 　　今晚喝一杯如何？　　-02-　　gonna （ going to ）　　gonna 是“going to” 的缩写　　e.g.　　Who's gonna believe you？　　谁会信你呢？　　　-03-　　kinda （ kind of ）　　kinda 是“kind of”的缩写，意为“有点”“有几分”　　e.g.　　I'm kinda freaking out！ 　　我快疯了！　　-04-　　sorta （ sort of ）　　sorta 是 “sort of” 的缩写，意为“有几分”“可以说是”　　e.g.　　I'm sorta excited.　　我有点小兴奋！　　-05-　　gotta （ got to ）　　gotta是“got to”的缩写，意为“不得不”“必须”　　e.g.　　I gotta go now.　　我现在得走了。　　-06-　　cauze （because）　　cauze是“because”的缩写，意为“因为”　　e.g.　　I'll leave this to you， cauze I don't wanna miss the party.　　这个就交给你了，因为我不想错过这次聚会。　　02　　书面语缩略词　　然而并没有什么卵用=然并卵　　（acronym）　　-01-　　[品牌缩写]　　IKEA：（宜家）瑞典公司的牌子为四个词[Ingvar Kamprad Elmtaryd Agunnaryd]的首字母缩写，在瑞典语中的发音确实是“ee-key-a”，英美人的发音却是“eye-key-a”，估计是遵从了“IBM”、“ISO”这种缩略词的字母I发音模式，只不过后面的“KEA”连读而已，类似“idea”。　　-02-　　[考试缩写]　　① IELTS–International English Language Testing System 雅思（课程）；中文意为 “国际英语（精品课）水平测试”　　②TOEFL–Test of English as a Foreign Language 托福（课程）；中文意为：“检定非英语为母语者的英语能力考试”　　③GRE（课程）–Graduate Record Examination美国研究生入学考试。　　-03-　　[短语缩写]　　BTW = by the way：顺便说一下　　OIC = oh I see：我明白了　　BRB = be right back：马上回来　　B4N = bye for now：再见　　LOL = laughing out loud：大笑　　JK = just kidding：仅仅是玩笑　　WRU = where are you：你在哪　　NP = no problem：没问题　　RUOK = are you ok：你还好吗　　ASAP=as soon as possiable：尽快　　-04-　　[日常缩写]　　P.S. （附言）： post scriptum　　Ph.D. （博士）： Philosophy Doctor　　ATM：Automated Teller Machine 自动取款机　　POS：Point of Sales 刷卡机　　App：是 application 的缩写，正确发音为：爱P~　　PDF：全称Portable Document Format 译为便携文档格式　　GPS：Global Positioning System全球定位系统　　CD：Compact Disc压缩光盘　　-05-　　[邮件缩写]　　FW： forward 转发　　CC： Carbon Copy 抄送      BCC： Blind Carbon Copy 秘送      Encl ： enclosure 随信附上　　03　　外来缩略词　　sofa=沙发　　（borrowed words）　　[拉丁文缩写]　　A.D. （公元）： Anno Domini　　CV （简历）： curriculum vitae　　e.g. （例如）： exempli gratia　　etc. （等等…）： et cetera　　et al. （以及其他人；等人）： et alii　　i.e.（即是）： id est　　a.m.（上午）：ante meridiem　　p.m.（下午）：post meridiem　　VS（相对立，相对照）：versus今天学习的内容，你get到了吗？

Using the GPS (Global Positioning System), blind people can now obtain detailed information about their environment with the aid of smartphones, note takers and stand-alone devices. But the system is unsuitable for providing detailed navigation information in-doors.The developers of the popular BlindSquare iOS app are seeking to solve that problem with a system they call BPS, the BlindSquare Positioning System.In his book “iOS 7 Without the Eye”, Jonathan Mosen predicted that iBeacons had the potential to dramatically improve the information blind people receive about the built environment, if a developer took the technology and used it for that purpose. BlindSquare have made that possibility an impressive reality.Jonathan Mosen speaks with Thomas Bryan of the Blind Foundation in New Zealand about the Foundation's work with the Wellington Regional Council to facilitate a comprehensive roll-out of BPS in Wellington's central business di [...]

Using the GPS (Global Positioning System), blind people can now obtain detailed information about their environment with the aid of smartphones, note takers and stand-alone devices. But the system is unsuitable for providing detailed navigation information in-doors. The developers of the popular BlindSquare iOS app are seeking to solve that problem with a system they call BPS, the BlindSquare Positioning System. In his book “iOS 7 Without the Eye”, Jonathan Mosen predicted that iBeacons had the potential to dramatically improve the information blind people receive about the built environment, if a developer took the technology and used it for that purpose. BlindSquare have made that possibility an impressive reality. Jonathan Mosen speaks with Thomas Bryan of the Blind Foundation in New Zealand about the Foundation’s work with the Wellington Regional Council to facilitate a comprehensive roll-out of BPS in Wellington’s central business di [...]

Cars and Driving - AIRC101 If you are a new listener to this award-winning podcast, welcome! With over 40 years of teaching between us, we'll help you improve your English and take it to the next level. In this episode: Cars and driving (we're going to help you expand your vocabulary) Más podcasts para mejorar tu ingles en: http://www.inglespodcast.com/  More podcasts to improve your English at: http://www.inglespodcast.com/   Listener Feedback: Nelson Garanhani, Brazil Dear Craig and Reza. I come from Brazil and I started to learn English two years ago. I’m a doctor and I have a son that is veterinarian. Yesterday, after listening to this episode, inglespodcast.com/97 I sent it to him and later he told me that the podcast was really interesting, useful and he had fun, too! I’m feeling happy for having (to have) the opportunity to listen to your brilliants (brilliant) podcasts. Many thanks! Nelson, Garanhani, Brazil p.s. Sorry (for) my mistakes Audio Feedback Antonio (for the 100th episode) I Xmust toX say (I must say) I want to Xmake you a questionX (ask you a question) Will handwriting disappear in 60, 70 years from now? Cars and driving driving license (driver's license US) - to take/pass a driving test brake, handbrake, clutch - embrague, accelerator, gas pedal (US), baby seat, seatbelt, boot (UK)/trunk (US), bonnet (UK)/hood (US), steering Wheel - volante, windscreen (UK)/windshield (US), rear window, rear-view mirror, wing mirror, number plate (UK)/license plate (US), jack - gato, puncture - pinchazo, tyre (UK)/tire (US) - neumático, airbags, GPS (Global Positioning System) bumper (UK)/fender (US) - parachoques/paragolpes, to reverse - dar marcha atrás, to put it in gear, gears, stick shift (US) - cambio manual, exhaust (pipe) - tubo de escape, (spare) tyre, headlights - faros, indicator - intermitente, car horn/hooter - claxon to double park To give someone a lift/ride to run someone to the station/To run someone over Back seat driver To put the peddle to the metal – to put your foot down – to step on the gas - to sink the boot - to give it some wellie Expressions with drive: To drive someone round the bend/mad - up the wall! to drive a hard bargain to drive the price up/down Italki ad read: Effective, Quality (fastest way to become fluent, great teachers, 1­on­1) Native, International (native speakers) Convenient (learning at home, technology) Affordable (cut out the middlemen, great pricing) Personal, Customized (personalized learning) Human Connection (not apps / software) Italki gives 100 italki credits (ITC) to each paying student that registers. inglespodcast.com/italki/ - click on ‘start speaking – find a teacher’ We want to say thank you to italki for sponsoring Aprender Inglés con Reza y Craig to drive a point home to be the driving force (the community of inglespodcast is the driving force behind our podcasts) What are you driving at? to be in the driving seat drive the porcelain bus - To vomit profusely into the toilet, usually as the result of drinking excessive amounts of alcohol. "John was driving the porcelain bus for the rest of the night after his seventh tequila shot." "My wife drove me to drink and I didn't have the decency to thank her!" - WC Fields Discussion How old were you when you got your licence? - How long have you been driving? What do you remember about your driving test? Have you ever had an accident? Which countries drive on the left? India, Ireland, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Thailand, Malta (more than 50!) Romans drove on the left. France changed to the right first. The British Empire influence many countries to drive on the left. ...and now it's your turn to practise your English. Do you have a question for us or an idea for a future episode? Send us a voice message and tell us what you think. www.speakpipe.com/inglespodcast Send us an email with a comment or question to craig@inglespodcast.com or belfastreza@gmail.com. Please show us some iTunes love. Write a review, give us some stars on iTunes. If you do that, we become more visible and more people can find us. Show us some love. On next week's episode: Lifestyles Más podcasts para mejorar tu ingles en: http://www.inglespodcast.com/  More podcasts to improve your English at: http://www.inglespodcast.com/  The music in this podcast is by Pitx. The track is called 'See You Later'

Satellitengestützte geodätische Messmethoden, insbesondere GPS (Global Positioning System), sind von zunehmender Bedeutung in den Geowissenschaften und erlauben neue Einblicke in verschiedenste geophysikalische Prozesse. Zeitreihen hochpräziser Positionsmessungen von Punkten auf der Erdoberfläche ermöglichen unter anderem die Bestimmung von Relativgeschwindigkeiten tektonischer Einheiten, die Messung von Verformungsraten der Kruste an aktiven Störungen und Vulkanen und erlauben es Rückschlüsse auf die rheologischen Parameter der Lithosphäre und der Asthenosphäre zu ziehen. Mit zunehmender Länge und Genauigkeit der Zeitreihen ist es möglich, auch zeitabhängige dynamische tektonische Prozesse in GPS Zeitreihen zu identifizieren. Die Schwierigkeiten in der Interpretation der Messungen bestehen unter anderem darin, von Punktmessungen auf kontinuierliche Deformationsmuster zu schließen, zeitlich korreliertes Rauschen zu quantifizieren, um realistische Fehlergrenzen anzugeben, und schließlich zeitabhängige tektonische Signale von zeitabhängigem Rauschen zu trennen. In dieser Arbeit werden Lösungsansätze zu diesen Punkten erarbeitet. Zunächst wird ein Algorithmus entwickelt, durch den aus einem diskreten Geschwindigkeitsfeld, ohne Vorgabe weiterer Randbedingungen (Geometrie der Störungen etc.), der kontinuierliche zweidimensionale Tensor der Verformungsraten abgeleitet werden kann. Aus der Tensoranalysis erhält man Informationen zur maximalen Scher- und Rotationsverformungsrate, sowie zur Dilatationsrate. Die Anwendung dieses Algorithmus auf verschiedene Datensätze in Südkalifornien und Island zeigt, dass hiermit sowohl aktive Störungen identifiziert, als auch Informationen uber Bruchflächen von Erdbeben aus ko- bzw. postseismischen GPS Messungen abgeleitet werden können. Außerdem wurden zeitabhängige Signale in den GPS Geschwindigkeitsfeldern ersichtlich. Im zweiten Teil dieser Arbeit wird ein weiterer Algorithmus eingeführt, der unter Berücksichtigung der Effekte zeitabhängigen Rauschens die Berechnung der Varianz innerhalb von GPS Geschwindigkeitsfeldern ermöglicht. Somit wird außerdem der Notwendigkeit Rechnung getragen, realistische Fehlergrenzen als Grundlage zur Konfidenzabschätzung von Modellen zu definieren. Dieser Algorithmus basiert auf der Allan Varianz, die bei der Messung der Stabilität von Oszillatoren Verwendung findet und ausschließlich im Zeitbereich berechnet wird. Er wird ausführlich mit verschiedenen synthetischen Zeitreihen und Fehlermodellen getestet und auf einen südafrikanischen Datensatz angewandt. Der Vergleich mit Methoden, die auf einer Spektralanalyse oder einem Maximum Likelihood Estimator beruhen zeigt, dass der relativ schnelle Algorithmus stabile und verlässliche Angaben liefert. Zuletzt wird der entwickelte Algorithmus erweitert, um die Kovarianz der Geschwindigkeit zu erhalten. Die Anwendung auf verschiedene Datensätze an konvergenten Plattengrenzen, wo regelmäßig Kriechereignisse in Form von Slow Slip Events auftreten, zeigt für einige Stationen stark richtungsabhängige und räumlich korrelierte Geschwindigkeitsfehler. Des Weiteren konnte eine Zeitkorrelation beobachtet werden, die auf einen tektonischen Ursprung der Ereignisse hinweist. Die korrigierten Zeitreihen, von denen die modellierten Ereignisse subtrahiert wurden, haben dagegen richtungsunabhängig eine Zeitkorrelation, die etwa dem 1/f Rauschen entspricht, und weisen keine räumlich korrelierten stark exzentrischen Fehlerellipsen auf. Die Analyse ermöglicht somit eine qualitative Bewertung der Modelle zeitabhängiger Signale in GPS Zeitreihen.

GPS (Global Positioning System) was developed for our military but we have quickly made it a civilian-based utility required for business, travel and recreation. Come learn the technology behind GPS — from satellites and trilateration to binary codes and radio frequencies — as well as some of its surprising and innovative applications and glimmers into the future of this technology. We’ll discuss the phenomena behind geocaching, its health benefits, necessary and useful gear, and resources for even more information.