Podcasts about Cripple Creek

Click to listen to episode (3:54).Sections below are the following:Transcript of AudioAudio Notes and AcknowledgmentsImagesExtra InformationSourcesRelated Water Radio EpisodesFor Virginia Teachers (Relevant SOLs, etc.)Unless otherwise noted, all Web addresses mentioned were functional as of 9-15-23. TRANSCRIPT OF AUDIO From the Cumberland Gap to the Atlantic Ocean, this is Virginia Water Radio for the weeks of September 18 and September 25, 2023.  This is a revised version of an episode from September 2014. SOUNDS - ~6 sec – Pied-billed Grebe call. This week, we feature some raucous mystery sounds from a family of diving birds.  Have a listen for about 20 seconds, and see if you can guess what's making these calls.  And here's a hint: you'll get grief if you miss this name by only one letter's sound. SOUNDS - ~ 22 sec. If you guessed grebe, you're right!  Those were some of the sounds made by the Pied-billed Grebe, Horned Grebe, and Red-necked Grebe.  Out of 22 grebe species worldwide and seven in North America, these three species are found commonly in many aquatic habitats in Virginia, with two others—the Eared Grebe and the Western Grebe—seen occasionally within the Commonwealth.  Horned Grebes and Red-necked Grebes are regular winter residents on Virginia's coasts, while the Pied-billed Grebe is typically a year-round resident on the coast and a winter resident in other regions. Grebes are known for their swimming and diving abilities; for example, the Cornell Lab of Ornithology's “Birds of the World” Web site says quote, “[g]rebes rocket through the water by compressing water behind them with coordinated thrusts of their muscular legs,” unquote; and Cornell's “All About Birds” site calls the Pied-billed Grebe “part bird, part submarine.”  Lobed toes set far back on their bodies adapt grebes for swimming, and their ability to add or remove water and air from their feathers and internal air sacs helps them to float or, as needed, to submerge to escape danger or to feed.  Grebes feed on a variety of aquatic animals like fish, crustaceans, and insects; on aquatic plants sometimes; and—notably—on their own feathers.  In turn, they may be eaten by such predators as raccoons, snakes, and birds of prey. Grebes call and act aggressively during breeding season, but they may be quieter and much less noticeable during non-breeding season.   In fact, a calm pond surface might conceal a hiding grebe with only its nostrils exposed to the air, or that surface might be broken—almost silently—by a grebe emerging with a fish in its bill. Thanks to Lang Elliott for permission to use the grebe sounds, from the Stokes' Field Guide to Bird Songs, and we let the Pied-billed Grebe have the last call. SOUNDS - ~6 sec. SHIP'S BELL Virginia Water Radio is produced by the Virginia Water Resources Research Center, part of Virginia Tech's College of Natural Resources and Environment.  For more Virginia water sounds, music, or information, visit us online at virginiawaterradio.org, or call the Water Center at (540) 231-5624.  Thanks to Stewart Scales for his banjo version of “Cripple Creek” to open and close this episode.  In Blacksburg, I'm Alan Raflo, thanking you for listening, and wishing you health, wisdom, and good water. AUDIO NOTES AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This Virginia Water Radio episode revises and replaces Episode 233, 9-29-14. The sounds of the Horned Grebe, Pied-billed Grebe, and Red-necked Grebe were from the Stokes Field Guide to Bird Songs-Eastern Region CD set, by Lang Elliott with Donald and Lillian Stokes (Time Warner Audio Books, copyright 1997), used with permission of Lang Elliott.  Lang Elliot's work is available online at “The Music of Nature” Web site, http://www.musicofnature.org/. Click here if you'd like to hear the full version (1 min./11 sec.) of the “Cripple Creek” arrangement/performance by Stewart Scales that opens and closes this episode.  More information about Mr. Scales and the group New Standard, with which Mr. Scales plays, is available online at http://newstandardbluegrass.com. IMAGES Two Pied-billed Grebes on a pond in Blacksburg, Virginia, September 28, 2014.  Photo by Virginia Water Radio.Pied-billed Grebe at Seedskadee National Wildlife Refuge in Wyoming, April 2016.  Photo by Tom Koerner, made available for public use by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's National Digital Library, online at http://digitalmedia.fws.gov; specific URL for the photo was https://digitalmedia.fws.gov/digital/collection/natdiglib/id/23453/rec/4, as of 9-18-23.Horned Grebe with chick, at Anchorage Coastal Wildlife Refuge in Alaska, June 2005.  Photo by Donna Dewhurst, made available for public use by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's National Digital Library, online at http://digitalmedia.fws.gov; specific URL for the photo was https://digitalmedia.fws.gov/digital/collection/natdiglib/id/411/rec/41, as of 9-18-23.Red-necked Grebe pair, at Anchorage Coastal Wildlife Refuge in Alaska, May 2005.  Photo by Donna Dewhurst, made available for public use by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's National Digital Library, online at http://digitalmedia.fws.gov; specific URL for the photo was https://digitalmedia.fws.gov/digital/collection/natdiglib/id/20/rec/37, as of 9-18-23. EXTRA INFORMATION ABOUT THE PIED-BILLED GREBE The following information is quoted from the Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (formerly Department of Game and Inland Fisheries), “Fish and Wildlife Information Service,” online at https://services.dwr.virginia.gov/fwis/, primarily the “Life History” section of the the Pied-billed Grebe entry, online at https://services.dwr.virginia.gov/fwis/booklet.html?&bova=040008&Menu=_.Taxonomy&version=19612. The scientific name of the Pied-billed Grebe is Podilymbus podiceps. Physical Description “This species is 12-15 inches (31-38 cm) long with a 23 inch wingspread.  It is a small, stocky bird distinguished by its short, blunt bill encircled by a broad black band with the upper portion of the bill curved downward; it is often described as chicken-like.  ...Grebes have lobed toes, feet that are placed far back on the body, and a short rudder-like tail to aid in pursuing prey underwater.” Reproduction “The nest is built by both members of the pair and is made up of flags, rushes, sedge, algae and mud and is attached to grasses, reeds or bushes in the water. ...The eggs are laid from March to September, are blue-white initially, and then turn brown.  The brown color results from the adults covering the eggs with wet organic matter when they are foraging or defending the territory.  ...There may be up to 2 broods per year.  Incubation takes about 23 days and begins with the first egg laid.” Behavior “Nest attendance is shared equally by the male and female during egg-laying and post-laying periods.  Incubation however, is carried out mostly by the female.  The streaked or spotted chicks can swim almost immediately after hatching.  The young will usually travel on the parents back or will cling to their tail.  The parents may feed the chicks and even dive while chicks are on their back.  The parents will return to the nest frequently with the young.  Young grebes fledge at about 35 days.  ...[This species] rarely flies, and it escapes by diving with a short leap or by slowly submerging.  It is the most solitary of the grebes.  It is the first grebe to arrive north in the spring and the last to leave in the fall.  It migrates in closely-massed flocks. ...” Feeding “Diet consists primarily of fish including eels, carp, and catfish as well as sticklebacks, sculpins, silversides, and minnows.  [It will also] forage on crayfishes, aquatic insects, snails, spiders, frogs, tadpoles, some seeds and soft parts of aquatic plants, ...[and] on shrimp in saltwater bays and estuaries.  [It ingests] large numbers of their own feathers.  This may serve to protect the stomach from puncture by indigestible parts and prevent hard items from entering the intestines.  Feathers also provide the base material of regurgitated pellets that contain undigested material such as fish bones.” Aquatic/Terrestrial Associations: “In Virginia, pied-billed grebes have been observed foraging with snowy egrets.  Mutualistic foraging enhances opportunities for obtaining prey.  Limiting factors: The greatest losses of nests and eggs resulted from wind, rain, waves, and storm tides.  Predators of eggs and young include raccoons, laughing gulls, water snakes, snapping turtles, and peregrine falcons.” SOURCES Used for Audio Cornell University Lab of Ornithology, “All About Birds,” online at http://www.allaboutbirds.org.The Horned Grebe entry is online at https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Horned_Grebe/;the Pied-billed Grebe entry is online at https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Pied-billed_Grebe/;the Red-necked Grebe entry is online at https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Red-necked_Grebe/. National Audubon Society, “Taxonomic Family: Grebes,” online at https://www.audubon.org/bird-guide?title=Grebe&family=6460. Cornell University Lab of Ornithology, “Birds of the World,” online at https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/home.  (subscription required).The entry for the taxonomic family of grebes, Podicipedidae, is online at https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/podici1/cur/introduction; this is the source of the quote in the audio.The Horned Grebe entry is online at https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/horgre/cur/introduction;the Pied-billed Grebe entry is online at https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pibgre/cur/introduction;the Red-necked Grebe entry is online at https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/rengre/cur/introduction. Indiana Audubon, “Pied-billed Grebe,” by Annie Aguirre, July 1, 2018, online at https://indianaaudubon.org/2018/07/01/pied-billed-grebe-2/. Angela Minor, “Birds of the Blue Ridge: Pied-billed Grebe,” Blue Ridge Country, December 27, 2022. Chandler S. Robbins et al., A Guide to Field Identification of Birds of North America, St. Martin's Press, New York, N.Y., 2001. Stan Tekiela, Birds of Virginia Field Guide, Adventure Publications, Cambridge, Minn., 2002. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (formerly Department of Game and Inland Fisheries), “Fish and Wildlife Information Service,” online at https://services.dwr.virginia.gov/fwis/.The Horned Grebe entry is online at https://services.dwr.virginia.gov/fwis/booklet.html?&bova=040005&Menu=_.Taxonomy&version=19612;the Pied-billed Grebe entry is online at https://services.dwr.virginia.gov/fwis/booklet.html?&bova=040008&Menu=_.Taxonomy&version=19612;the Red-necked Grebe entry is online at https://services.dwr.virginia.gov/fwis/booklet.html?&bova=040004&Menu=_.Taxonomy&version=19612. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (formerly Department of Game and Inland Fisheries), “List of Native and Naturalized Fauna in Virginia, August 2022,” online (as a PDF) at https://dwr.virginia.gov/wp-content/uploads/virginia-native-naturalized-species.pdf. Joel C. Welty, The Life of Birds, 2nd Edition, W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, Penn., 1975. For More Information about Birds in Virginia or Elsewhere Chesapeake Bay Program, “Birds,” online at https://www.chesapeakebay.net/discover/field-guide/critters?s=&fieldGuideType=Birds&fieldGuideHabitat. Cornell University Lab of Ornithology, “Merlin Photo ID.”  The application for mobile devices allows users to submit a bird photograph to get identification of the bird. Information is available online at http://merlin.allaboutbirds.org/. Cornell University Lab of Ornithology and the Audubon Society, “eBird,” online at https://ebird.org/home.  Here you can find locations of species observations made by contributors, and you can sign up to contribute your own observations. University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, “Animal Diversity Web,” online at https://animaldiversity.org.Virginia Society of Ornithology, online at http://www.virginiabirds.org/.  The Society is a non-profit organization dedicated to the study, conservation, and enjoyment of birds in the Commonwealth. Xeno-canto Foundation, online at https://xeno-canto.org/.  This site provides sounds of birds and other wildlife from around the world. RELATED VIRGINIA WATER RADIO EPISODES All Water Radio episodes are listed by category at the Index link above (http://www.virginiawaterradio.org/p/index.html).  See particularly the “Birds” subject category. Following are links to some other episodes on diving birds. American Coot – Episode 391, 10-23-17.Cormorants – Episode 467, 4-8-19.Loons – Episode 445, 11-5-18

After penning iconic songs like “The Weight” and “Up on Cripple Creek” as a member of The Band, Robbie Robertson (Mohawk, Cayuga descent) went on to produce solo albums and major motion picture soundtracks including the upcoming Martin Scorsese film Killers of the Flower Moon. He was the voice narrating the Native America series on PBS. Along the way he crossed paths with a number of Native musicians and admirers. GUESTS Brian Wright-McLeod (Dakota/Anishinabe), author of The Encyclopedia of Native Music and Indigenous musicologist Pura Fé (Tuscarora Indian Nation and Taino), musician and founding member of the trio Ulali Ava Hill, former chief of the Six Nations of the Grand River Elliott Landy, photographer and writer Murray Porter (Mohawk from Six Nations of the Grand River Territory), Juno award-winning musician Elaine Bomberry (Anishinabe and Cayuga, from Six Nations of the Grand River Territory), radio and television producer and artist manager

"Robbie Robertson's Musical Legacy: A Journey Through His Songs and Impact"Larry Mishkin departs from the usual format and focuses on musician Robbie Robertson of The Band. While discussing Robertson's impact and legacy, Larry also touches on his collaborations with Martin Scorsese and his solo career. The episode highlights Robertson's contributions to rock and roll history, including his famous songs like "Up on Cripple Creek" and "Broken Arrow."Produced by PodConx  Deadhead Cannabis Show - https://podconx.com/podcasts/deadhead-cannabis-showLarry Mishkin - https://podconx.com/guests/larry-mishkinRob Hunt - https://podconx.com/guests/rob-huntJay Blakesberg - https://podconx.com/guests/jay-blakesbergRecorded on Squadcast

Click to listen to episode (4:20).Sections below are the following:Transcript of AudioAudio Notes and AcknowledgmentsImagesExtra InformationSourcesRelated Water Radio EpisodesFor Virginia Teachers (Relevant SOLs, etc.)Unless otherwise noted, all Web addresses mentioned were functional as of 8-18-23. TRANSCRIPT OF AUDIO From the Cumberland Gap to the Atlantic Ocean, this is Virginia Water Radio for the weeks of August 21 and August 28, 2023. MUSIC – ~15 sec – instrumental. That's part of “The Foggy Dew,” an Irish song performed here by Timothy Seaman of Williamsburg, Virginia, with Ann Robinson on Celtic Harp.  In the song's traditional lyrics, fog and dew set the scene for the Easter Uprising in 1916, during the Irish Revolution for independence from Great Britain.  This Water Radio episode's focus isn't on those important historical events, but rather on a number related to fog and dew, and to whether the weather on a summer day feels comfortable or close.  That number is the dew point temperature, or simply the dew point. The National Weather Service gives the following descriptions of “general comfort levels” at various dew points:“less than or equal to 55 degrees Fahrenheit: dry and comfortable;“between 55 and 65: becoming ‘sticky' with muggy evenings;“[at 65 or more]: ...becoming oppressive.” Note, however, that perceived comfort levels at different dew points depend on the climate conditons to which a person is acclimated. Let's explore some of the science of the dew point. Any parcel of air can hold a given amount of water vapor, depending on the air parcel's temperature; air with higher temperature can hold more water vapor.  The term relative humidity refers to how much water vapor an air parcel actually holds, compared to its potential maximum.  The dew point, then, is the temperature at which an air parcel reaches a relative humidity of 100 percent.  Cooling air below its dew point results in water vapor condensing into fog, dew, or some other kind of precipitation; if temperatures are below freezing, the dew point is then considered the frost point. Now, here's the key concept for how humid the air feels: a higher dew point indicates that an air parcel is holding more moisture at any given temperature or relative humidity.  With more moisture in the air, the human body has more trouble evaporating sweat, the process that removes heat and cools the body.  With sweat not evaporating as readily, it feels hotter and more humid; the term “heat index” refers to how hot people feel in combinations of temperature and humidity. Humidity, sweat and evaporation, comfort or mugginess: there's a lot to learn from the daily dew point. Thanks to Timothy Seaman for permission to use this episode's music, and we close with about 35 more seconds of “The Foggy Dew.” MUSIC – ~34 sec – instrumental. SHIP'S BELL Virginia Water Radio is produced by the Virginia Water Resources Research Center, part of Virginia Tech's College of Natural Resources and Environment.  For more Virginia water sounds, music, or information, visit us online at virginiawaterradio.org, or call the Water Center at (540) 231-5624.  Thanks to Stewart Scales for his banjo version of “Cripple Creek” to open and close this episode.  In Blacksburg, I'm Alan Raflo, thanking you for listening, and wishing you health, wisdom, and good water. AUDIO NOTES AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS “The Foggy Dew,” a 2023 single release, is copyright by Timothy Seaman, used with permission.  It features Ann Robinson on Celtic Harp.  More information about Timothy Seaman is available online at https://timothyseaman.com/en/.  “The Foggy Dew” is a traditional Irish song, whose lyrics talk about the 1916 Easter Uprising, part of the Irish Revolution and War of Independence (1919-1921) against Great Britain.  The song describes scenes of battle on Easter morning taking place amidst “the foggy dew.”  Information about the song is available online at https://www.o-em.org/index.php/fieldwork/62-the-foggy-dew-processes-of-change-in-an-irish-rebel-song. Virginia Water Radio thanks David Carroll, of the Virginia Tech Department of Geography, and Kevin McGuire and Stephen Schoenholtz, of the Virginia Water Resources Research Center and Virginia Tech Department of Forest Resources and Conservation, for their help with this episode. Click here if you'd like to hear the full version (1 min./11 sec.) of the “Cripple Creek” arrangement/performance by Stewart Scales that opens and closes this episode.  More information about Mr. Scales and the group New Standard, with which Mr. Scales plays, is available online at http://newstandardbluegrass.com. IMAGES The following two photos of dew and were taken by Virginia Water Radio in Blacksburg, Va., on August 12, 2023, around 8 a.m. EDT, when the dew point and the actual temperature were the same. EXTRA INFORMATION ABOUT DEW POINT AND HEAT INDEX The following information is quoted from the National Weather Service, accessed at the Web sites noted on August 21, 2023. Dew Point Information From “Dew Point vs. Humidity,” online at https://www.weather.gov/arx/why_dewpoint_vs_humidity. “The dew point is the temperature the air needs to be cooled to (at constant pressure) in order to achieve a relative humidity (RH) of 100%.  At this point the air cannot hold more water in the gas form.  If the air were to be cooled even more, water vapor would have to come out of the atmosphere in the liquid form, usually as fog or precipitation. “The higher the dew point rises, the greater the amount of moisture in the air.  This directly affects how ‘comfortable' it will feel outside.  Many times, relative humidity can be misleading.  For example, a temperature of 30 and a dew point of 30 will give you a relative humidity of 100%, but a temperature of 80 and a dew point of 60 produces a relative humidity of 50%.  It would feel much more ‘humid' on the 80 degree day with 50% relative humidity than on the 30 degree day with a 100% relative humidity.  This is because of the higher dew point. “So if you want a real judge of just how ‘dry' or ‘humid' it will feel outside, look at the dew point instead of the [relative humidity].  The higher the dew point, the muggier it will feel.” “General comfort levels using dew point that can be expected during the summer months:*less than or equal to 55: dry and comfortable;*between 55 and 65: becoming ‘sticky' with muggy evenings;*greater than or equal to 65: lots of moisture in the air, becoming oppressive.” Heat Index Information From “What is the heat index?” online at https://www.weather.gov/ama/heatindex. “

Beginner banjo picking

  1. The W.S. Walcott Medicine Show   2. The Shape I'm In    3. Don't Do It    4. The Weight    5. I Shall Be Realesed   6. Up on Cripple Creek   7. Down in the Flood (with Bob Dylan)    8. When I Paint My Masterpiece (with Bob Dylan)    9. Chest Fever   Bonus Track:   10. Rag Mama Rag  

Original Air Date: March 16, 1947Host: Andrew RhynesShow: All Star Western TheatrePhone: (707) 98 OTRDW (6-8739) Music:• Foy Willing and The Riders of The Purple Sage Exit music from: Roundup on the Prairie by Aaron Kenny https://bit.ly/3kTj0kK

During Monday's Edition of KRDO's Afternoon News, Dan Cochell talked with Annie Valades of the Two Mile High Club, regarding the latest for the upcoming Donkey Derby Days event August 11th-13th in Cripple Creek, and their raffle ticket opportunity, either a 50/50 raffle or a donkey yard art raffle.

During Monday's Edition of KRDO's Afternoon News, Dan Cochell talked with Annie Valades of the Two Mile High Club, regarding the latest for the upcoming Donkey Derby Days event August 11th-13th in Cripple Creek, and their raffle ticket opportunity, either a 50/50 raffle or a donkey yard art raffle.

CLICK HERE to listen to episode audio (5:58).Sections below are the following: Transcript of Audio Audio Notes and Acknowledgments ImagesExtra InformationSources Related Water Radio Episodes For Virginia Teachers (Relevant SOLs, etc.). Unless otherwise noted, all Web addresses mentioned were functional as of 7-21-23. TRANSCRIPT OF AUDIO From the Cumberland Gap to the Atlantic Ocean, this is Virginia Water Radio for the weeks of July 24 and July 31, 2023.  This is a revised version of an episode from July 2013. SOUND – ~7 sec That underwater sound, recorded by a kayaker on Virginia's Appomattox River, opens an episode about how scientists and resource managers learn about the finned creatures that live underwater.  We start with some mystery sounds.  Have a listen for about 30 seconds, and see if you can guess what's going on with this beeping and splashing.  And here's a hint:  If a finned creature detects this signal, it might soon have a stunning experience. SOUNDS AND VOICES – ~27 sec – “Everybody's hands out of the water?”  Beeping and splashing.  “Ok, whenever you all are ready, you can pull it.... One, two, three...” If you guessed fish sampling, you're right!  Those were sounds from an electrofishing demonstration, during a May 2013 Virginia Master Naturalist field trip about fish in streams and rivers.  The demonstration was led by Jamie Roberts, who at the time was a Virginia Tech research scientist and as of 2023 is an associate professor of fisheries at Georgia Southern University.  Participants learned about fish-assessment techniques commonly used by fishery managers and by fish scientists, known as ichthyologists.  For some more details on fish sampling in streams, let's listen to a two-minute excerpt from Dr. Roberts' session. GUEST VOICE - ~2 min./2 sec.“So one of the things I want us to notice as we're sampling is what we catch with different types of gears, with different types of methods, and then what we catch in different types of habitats. “So there's really, essentially three different types of habitats that we have here [in a stream].  You have that shallow, turbulent stuff [that] we in the stream ecology world tend to call riffles; you have these, sort of, deep, deeper still somewhat high velocity areas called runs; and you have still waters, which we call pools.  And the three gear types that I wanna play with are...electrofishing with a dip net, which we'll do in pools; electrofishing into a stationary seine—so this is a seine net; and then sweeping a seine around like crazy and just seeing what we can get, like an old-time ichthyologist.  We'll do some sampling that is more like the golden days of ichthyology, before we had $10,000 electrofishers. “Icthyologists often rely on electrofishers of one type or another to catch fish, because it sort of brings fish out of the woodwork.  Fish are in this environment that's very difficult for us to access and see through and everything, and electricity is sort of the equalizer; it makes fish a lot easier to catch.  There are electrofishers that are mounted on boats; there are electrofishers that are barges that you tow around; and this is called a backpack electrofisher.  It's powered by a DC battery that looks a lot like a motorcycle battery.  And it produces electricity that this fancy box turns into the correct frequency and wavelength and pulse type to momentarily stun fish, and while they're stunned, we net ‘em; and as soon as they get out of the electrical field, if we've done everything like we're supposed to, they just immediately come back.  So if we throw them in a bucket, they should immediately regain normal composure.” As Jamie Roberts noted, fish live in an environment largely hidden from unaided human vision or hearing.  So scientists and resource managers combine ancient technologies—like nets—with modern electronics to get the information needed to understand and properly manage fish and the aquatic areas that sustain them. Thanks to Dr. Roberts and the New River Valley Master Naturalist chapter for permission to record the fish-sampling session.  Thanks also to Raven Harris for the Appomattox River sounds.  We close with a musical selection whose title describes the water world of many fish.  Here's about 25 seconds of “The Deep Blue Green,” by Andrew VanNostrand. MUSIC - ~27 sec – instrumental. SHIP'S BELL Virginia Water Radio is produced by the Virginia Water Resources Research Center, part of Virginia Tech's College of Natural Resources and Environment.  For more Virginia water sounds, music, or information, visit us online at virginiawaterradio.org, or call the Water Center at (540) 231-5624.  Thanks to Stewart Scales for his banjo version of “Cripple Creek” to open and close this episode.  In Blacksburg, I'm Alan Raflo, thanking you for listening, and wishing you health, wisdom, and good water. AUDIO NOTES AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This Virginia Water Radio episode revises and replaces Episode 172, 7-29-13. The Appomattox River sounds were recorded by Raven Harris on the Appomattox River in Petersburg, Va., on April 18, 2014; used with permission. The fish sampling sounds and talk by Dr. Jamie Roberts were May 13, 2013, along Toms Creek in Montgomery County, Virginia, at a class of the New River Valley Chapter of the Virginia Master Naturalists Program.  Thanks to Jamie Roberts and to participants in that Master Naturalist class for permission to record the session. “The Deep Blue Green,” from the 2019 album “That We Could Find a Way to Be,” is copyright by Andrew VanNorstrand, used with permission.  More information about Andrew VanNorstrand is available online at https://greatbearrecords.bandcamp.com/.  This music was used previously by Virginia Water Radio most recently in Episode 632, 7-18-22. Click here if you'd like to hear the full version (1 min./11 sec.) of the “Cripple Creek” arrangement/performance by Stewart Scales that opens and closes this episode.  More information about Mr. Scales and the group New Standard, with which Mr. Scales plays, is available online at http://newstandardbluegrass.com. IMAGES Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries (now Department of Wildlife Resources) personnel giving a backpack electrofishing demonstration to the Virginia Master Naturalists/New River Valley Chapter at Toms Creek in Montgomery County on May 6, 2013.  Photo by Bill Sydor, courtesy of New River Valley Master Naturalists Chapter.Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries (now Department of Wildlife Resources) personnel leading a seining demonstration to the Virginia Master Naturalists/New River Valley Chapter at Toms Creek in Montgomery County on May 6, 2013.  Photo by Shannon Ritter, courtesy of New River Valley Master Naturalists Chapter.Jess Jones (left), co-director of the Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Center at Virginia Tech, examining the settings on a backpack electrofishing device, in the North Fork Holston River in Saltville, Va. (Smyth County), June 19, 2018.  Photo by Virginia Water Radio.EXTRA INFORMATION ABOUT ELECTROFISHING The following information on electrofishing is quoted from the Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources blog, Alex McCrickard, “Not Too Shocking: Your Electrofishing Questions Answered,” by Alex McCrickard, November 9, 2020, online at https://dwr.virginia.gov/blog/not-too-shocking-your-electrofishing-questions-answered/, accessed July 17, 2023. “Have you watched some of the videos from aquatic biologists at the Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR) and seen a boat outfitted with long, wand-like poles with dangling cables?  Have you ever showed up to a river or stream and witnessed a crew of biologists with large backpacks and long rods extending into the water?  This unusual-looking activity is called electrofishing, and it's modern science in action. “As Virginia's state fish and wildlife agency, DWR is responsible for the management of our fish and wildlife resources for the benefit of the public.  Our agency staff work hard to conserve and protect our freshwater fisheries across the Commonwealth.  The best way to monitor the health of fish populations is to catch a number of fish from one area at one time.  While our aquatics biologists are all excellent anglers, there is a more efficient, safe, and effective way to catch the fish!  Electrofishing is a common method used in fisheries science; this type of biomonitoring is truly one of the most effective ways to monitor our fisheries. “Fish can really help tell the story of the health of a certain waterbody.  They are in the water 24/7 and are constantly exposed to the elements.  Some species are more tolerant to pollution than others.  The make-up and diversity of a water body's fish population can help tell the story of water quality and inform our agency's biologists.  In turn, all of this influences sound management decisions that can improve habitat, water quality, and fish health, which benefits the general public and anglers who cherish Virginia's freshwater resources. “So, you now might be wondering what exactly happens during electrofishing?  What's going on behind the scenes during these surveys?  Our electrofishing FAQs below cover these basics. “What is electrofishing? “Electrofishing is a technique used in fisheries science to sample fish populations.  Sampling is when biologists study a number of fish from a certain area, measuring and examining them and recording the statistics.  When biologists electrofish, a generator or battery gives off an electrical current that runs through the water.  Volts, amps, and frequency can be adjusted based on water temperature, conductivity, and other variables.  Electrofishing can take place on foot with a backpack unit on a small stream or river.  For larger rivers and lakes, electrofishing typically takes place from a boat or barge. “From a boat, the anodes enter the water from a long boom off the bow.  Electrical current travels from anode cables back to the cathode(s)–in many cases, the metal hull of the boat acts as the cathode.  The electrical field typically expands 5 to 7 feet in circumference from each anode and down about 6 to 7 feet.  The size of the electrical field can vary depending on conductivity, voltage, and frequency of electrical current. “Fish are temporarily stunned as the electrical current causes their muscles to contract.  The fish then float towards the surface where they can be easily netted. “Is electrofishing harmful to fish? “Electrofishing has the potential to be harmful if not used properly; however, biologists have the training and experience to operate the equipment safely and effectively while minimizing impacts to fish.  Prior to any sampling, biologists adjust and monitor electrofishing settings to the target species in a particular habit. In some cases, electroshocking is avoided during spawning periods and habitats of certain rare and endangered species to eliminate even the perception of harm. “Does electrofishing affect different species of fish differently? “Yes, the frequency of the electromagnetic current can affect species differently.  For example, low frequency electrofishing tends to only affect catfish species.  When we sample tidal rivers to assess the catfish populations, we solely use low frequency.  High frequency sampling is often used for standard community assessment of multiple species.  Because of their larger surface area, big fish such as bass and muskie are more susceptible to electroshocking than small fish such as minnows and darters. “Electrofishing is only efficient in shallow water, so sampling is usually conducted when all species and sizes of interest are likely to be vulnerable to this technique. “Why do DWR biologists electrofish?  What's the goal for sampling and what do DWR biologists do with the fish during electrofishing? “Electrofishing is an effective method to assess the health of a fishery in a non-lethal manner.  It allows biologists to evaluate the health, variety, size distribution, and abundance of fish species on a given body of water and how that population can change over time.  Length and weight measurements further allow biologists to assess overall fishery health.  This type of sampling allows DWR to look at interactions within a fish population.  Furthermore, we can track status of endangered and threatened species or the status of spread of any invasive species.  All of this information influences sound management decisions that benefit the public who recreate on these resources. “Is electrofishing safe for the DWR biologists? “Yes, because of their training and experience, DWR biologists are safe when electrofishing.  Our biologists wear non-breathable waders that keep them from being shocked while using backpack electrofishing units.  For electrofishing boats, numerous electric cut-offs are in place to prevent accidents, and the boat is grounded.  All DWR biologists wear personal flotation devices while sampling on boats.  DWR biologists have also had formal training in electrofishing principles and techniques (for example the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service electrofishing course), which contributes to the safe operation of electrofishing gear. “In what kinds of waters do you electrofish? “Electrofishing takes place in freshwater and tidal freshwater rivers and streams.  Because of the high conductivity of saltwater, it is not conducive to electrofishing. “Can anglers use electrofishing equipment to catch fish? “No, it is unlawful for the general public to use electrofishing equipment to catch fish.” SOURCES Used for Audio Alex McCrickard, “Not Too Shocking: Your Electrofishing Questions Answered,” Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources, November 9, 2020, online at https://dwr.virginia.gov/blog/not-too-shocking-your-electrofishing-questions-answered/. Stephen R. Moulton II, Jonathan G. Kennen, Robert M. Goldstein, and Julie A. Hambrook, “Revised Protocols for Sampling Algal, Invertebrate, and Fish Communities as Part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program,” U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-150, online at http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/ofr-02-150/. National Park Service, “What Lies Beneath: How Electrofishing and Environmental DNA Is Being Used to Monitor and Conserve Fish Species in Great Smoky Mountain National Park,” April 8, 2021, online at https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/what-lies-beneath-how-electrofishing-and-environmental-dna-is-being-used-to-monitor-and-conserve-fish-species-in-great-smoky-mountain-national-park.htm. Jordanna Sheermohamed, “Sea Science: Why is the ocean blue, green and everything in between?”  The Triton, April 24, 2019. Virginia Master Naturalists Program, online at http://www.virginiamasternatu

This episode is brought to you by rabies. Lisa shows us the importance of functioning egresses at the infamous 1942 Cocoanut Grove nightclub fire. Whitney loses her voice trying to perfect her own version of every film buff's favorite inside joke, the Wilhelm Scream.Hayly joins a house of ill-repute with a surprisingly reputable madam, Pearl de Vere, the "soiled dove of Cripple Creek."

Taylor Hagood on Stringbean, Persistence, and the Problem of Cutting a New Path Banjo player and comedian David Akeman, known essentially all of his professional life as Stringbean, lived the kind of rags-to-riches story that was supposed to come with a happy ending.  On this episode of News from the Peak, we talk to Professor Taylor Hagood about Stringbean and the work—the very real and often quite fragile work—of writing a book about someone who has tended be seen as only important in death. Hagood is as engaging a speaker as he is a writer. A professor of literature at Florida Atlantic University, Hagood has a distinguished career as a scholar of William Faulkner, among other writers, and is a teacher and lecturer of no small renown.  Alongside all of that, he somehow finds time to perform magic and sing and play piano and banjo. A skilled visual artist and craftsman, he recently built a banjo that uses the same resonator as the one most closely associated with Stringbean (the Vega #9 Tubaphone) and closely follows it in other elements of its design.  That's the banjo you can hear Hagood play in these three tracks that he very generously recorded for us. You will hear Cripple Creek during the interview and at the end we share two tracks in full —“Hot Corn, Cold Corn” and “Pretty Polly”. All of these are closely associated with Stringbean and Hagood plays them in the clawhammer style that Akeman favored, and on the Banjo he built during the writing of this book.

Today we head to Australia, for the Solidarity Breakfast podcast's report on Saving the McIvor Reserve. Today's labor quote: Pageant of the Paterson Strike. Today's labor history: Militia sent to Cripple Creek, CO to suppress a strike by the Western Federation of Miners. @wpfwdc #1u #unions #LaborRadioPod @AFLCIO @3CRsolidarity Proud founding member of the Labor Radio Podcast Network.

Today we head to Australia, for the Solidarity Breakfast podcast's report on Saving the McIvor Reserve. Today's labor quote: Pageant of the Paterson Strike. Today's labor history: Militia sent to Cripple Creek, CO to suppress a strike by the Western Federation of Miners. @wpfwdc #1u #unions #LaborRadioPod @AFLCIO @3CRsolidarity Proud founding member of the Labor Radio Podcast Network.

Today - We're talking to Sun business reporter Tamara Chuang about a state program helping advanced industry startups with seed money for the past 10 years.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

CLICK HERE to listen to episode audio (5:35).Sections below are the following: Transcript of Audio Audio Notes and Acknowledgments ImagesExtra InformationSources Related Water Radio Episodes For Virginia Teachers (Relevant SOLs, etc.). Unless otherwise noted, all Web addresses mentioned were functional as of 5-29-23. TRANSCRIPT OF AUDIO From the Cumberland Gap to the Atlantic Ocean, this is Virginia Water Radio for the weeks of June 26 and July 3, 2023. MUSIC – ~8 sec –lyrics: “Ah reflections in the window pane, fallin' in love, in the drivin' rain.” That's part of “Driving Rain,” by the Charlottesville- and Nelson County, Va.-based band, Chamomile and Whiskey.  The song's a love story, but its title and main phrase lead in to a legal water story—that is, how does rain, and any other water on the landscape, become water covered by the federal Clean Water Act, specifically by the Act's phrase, the “waters of the United States?”  On May 25, 2023, the U.S. Supreme Court wrote a new chapter in this story. Passed in 1972, the Clean Water Act's main goal is “to restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the Nation's waters.”  The Act states that it applies to “navigable waters,” defined as “waters of the United States, including the territorial seas,” and amendments in 1977 added wetlands that are adjacent to other covered waters.  All waters covered by the Act are known as “jurisdictional waters,” and any discharges into such waters require a federal permit.  Defining what waters—particularly what wetlands and small tributaries—are jurisdictional has enormous impact on the Act's environmental and economic reach. Many questions and legal challenges have been raised over the meaning of “waters of the United States,” its relation to the term “navigable waters,” and the Act's implementation by the U.S. EPA and the Army Corps of Engineers.  The Supreme Court has a long history of decisions on these questions.  Here are short accounts of five important Court decisions, including the most recent one, affecting the Act's jurisdiction. 1.  The 1870 Daniel Ball decision held that “navigable waters of the United States” are those that support commerce between states or with foreign countries.  Later Supreme Court cases expanded that test to include waters that formerly supported, or could support, such commerce. 2.  The 1985 Riverside Bayview decision affirmed that the Act covered wetlands adjacent to other “waters of the United States.” 3.  The 2001 SWANCC decision held that the Act did not cover wetlands solely on the basis of their use by migratory birds. 4.  In the complicated 2006 Rapanos decision, a plurality opinion by Justice Antonin Scalia held that the Act covers only relatively permanent water bodies that form recognizable geographical features, plus wetlands only if they have a “continuous surface connection” to other covered waters.  Justice Anthony Kennedy's concurring opinion held that wetlands were covered if they have a quote, “significant nexus,” unquote, to conditions in other covered waters. And 5.  The 2023 Sackett decision returned to the Scalia opinion of 2006, while dismissing Justice Kennedy's “significant nexus” test.  So the Court now holds that the Act covers only, quote, “relatively permanent, standing or continuously flowing water bodies, forming geographical features…described in ordinary parlance as streams, oceans, rivers, and lakes,” unquote;  plus wetlands with a “continuous surface connection” to such water bodies.  This removes many previously regulated wetlands from the Act's jurisdiction.  While the Sackett decision focused particularly on wetlands, the new test articulated in the decision may have impacts as well for small streams that do not flow year-round. Through amendments, executive orders, agency actions, and litigation, defining the reach of the Clean Water Act has been a long, meandering story.  It's probably safe to say that more turns await. Thanks to Chamomile and Whiskey for permission to use “Driving Rain.”  We close with some more music, this time from Wake Up Robin, with musicians from California, New York, North Carolina, New York, and Washington.  The song's watery title recalls debates over what water bodies are, so to speak, enough like navigable waters to be covered by the Clean Water Act.  Here's about 20 seconds of “Like a River.” MUSIC – ~19 sec – instrumental. SHIP'S BELL Virginia Water Radio is produced by the Virginia Water Resources Research Center, part of Virginia Tech's College of Natural Resources and Environment.  For more Virginia water sounds, music, or information, visit us online at virginiawaterradio.org, or call the Water Center at (540) 231-5624.  Thanks to Stewart Scales for his banjo version of “Cripple Creek” to open and close this episode.  In Blacksburg, I'm Alan Raflo, thanking you for listening, and wishing you health, wisdom, and good water. AUDIO NOTES AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS “Driving Rain,” from the 2012 album “The Barn Sessions,” is copyright by Chamomile and Whiskey and by County Wide Records, used with permission.  More information about Chamomile and Whiskey is available online at http://www.chamomileandwhiskey.com/.  This music was used previously by Virginia Water Radio most recently in Episode 650, 3-6-23. “Like a River,” from the 2018 album “Wake Up Robin,” on Great Bear Records, by the group of the same name, is used with permission of Andrew VanNorstrand.  More information about the album and band is available online at https://wakeuprobin.bandcamp.com, and at https://www.wakeuprobin.com/. Virginia Water Radio thanks Stephen Schoenholtz, Kevin McGuire, and Daniel McLaughlin, all of the Virginia Water Resources Research Center and the Virginia Tech Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, for their help with this episode. Click here if you'd like to hear the full version (1 min./11 sec.) of the “Cripple Creek” arrangement/performance by Stewart Scales that opens and closes this episode.  More information about Mr. Scales and the group New Standard, with which Mr. Scales plays, is available online at http://newstandardbluegrass.com.IMAGES (Photographs are by Virginia Water Radio.) What does the definition of “waters of the United States” say about the following areas? Marsh at Eyre Hall near Cheriton, Virginia (Northampton County), October 6, 2007.Bog near the community of Interior in Giles County, Virginia, October 3, 2009.Wetland-lake complex in the Loup River watershed near Valentine, Nebraska, July 14, 2011.Upper photo: Dry (at the time) seasonal floodplain pond in Heritage Park in Blacksburg, Virginia (Montgomery County), May 27, 2023; lower photo: the same pond in wet conditions three days later, on May 30, 2023. EXTRA INFORMATION ABOUT THE U.S. SUPREME COURT CASE SACKETT v. EPA (2023) The following is quoted from the first page of the Supreme Court's syllabus of the Sackett v. EPA case, decided May 25, 2023; the information was accessed online (from a PDF) at https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/22pdf/21-454_4g15.pdf, May 29, 2023. SACKETT ET UX . v. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY ET AL . CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT No. 21–454. Argued October 3, 2022—Decided May 25, 2023 Petitioners Michael and Chantell Sackett purchased property near Priest Lake, Idaho, and began backfilling the lot with dirt to prepare for building a home.  The Environmental Protection Agency informed the Sacketts that their property contained wetlands and that their backfilling violated the Clean Water Act, which prohibits discharging pollutants into “the waters of the United States.” 33 U. S. C. §1362(7).  The EPA ordered the Sacketts to restore the site, threatening penalties of over $40,000 per day.  The EPA classified the wetlands on the Sacketts' lot as “waters of the United States” because they were near a ditch that fed into a creek, which fed into Priest Lake, a navigable, intrastate lake.  The Sacketts sued, alleging that their property was not “waters of the United States.” The District Court entered summary judgment for the EPA.  The Ninth Circuit affirmed, holding that the CWA covers wetlands with an ecologically significant nexus to traditional navigable waters and that the Sacketts' wetlands satisfy that standard. Held: The CWA's use of “waters” in §1362(7) refers only to “geographic[al] features that are described in ordinary parlance as ‘streams, oceans, rivers, and lakes' ” and to adjacent wetlands that are “indistinguishable” from those bodies of water due to a continuous surface connection.  Rapanos v. United States, 547 U. S. 715, 755, 742, 739 (plurality opinion).  To assert jurisdiction over an adjacent wetland under the CWA, a party must establish “first, that the adjacent [body of water constitutes] . . . ‘water[s] of the United States' (i.e., a relatively permanent body of water connected to traditional interstate navigable waters); and second, that the wetland has a continuous surface connection with that water, making it difficult to determine where the ‘water' ends and the ‘wetland' begins.”  Ibid. Pp. 6–28. SOURCES USED FOR AUDIO AND OFFERING MORE INFORMATION Justia Company, “U.S. Supreme Court/The Daniel Ball, 77 U.S. 557 (1870), online at https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/77/557/. Justia Company, “U.S. Supreme Court/United States v. Riverside Bayview Homes, Inc., 474 U.S. 121 (1985), online at https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/474/121/.Justia Company, “U.S. Supreme Court/Solid Waste Agency of Northern Cook County v. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 531 U.S. 159 (2001),” online at https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/531/159/. Justia Company, “U.S. Supreme Court/Rapanos v. United States, 547 U.S. 715 (2006),” online at https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/547/715/. Justia Company, “U.S. Supreme Court/Sackett v. Environmental Protection Agency, 598 U.S. ___ (2023),” online at https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/598/21-454/. John Krunzel and Andrew Chung, “US Supreme Court rules against EPA in wetlands regulation challenge,” Reuters, May 25, 2023. Adam Liptak, “Supreme Court Limits E.P.A.'s Power to Address Water Pollution,” New York Times, May 25, 2023. John Lowenthal, “Summary on Sackett v. US EPA,” Society of Wetland Scientists [McLean, Va.], e-mail message sent May 26, 2023. Supreme Court of the United States, No. 21-454, Michael Sackett, et ux., Petitioners, v. Environmental Protection Agency, et al., May 25, 2023.  Cited as 598 U.S.__(2023).  The case was argued October 3, 2022.  The opinions (majority plus two concurring) are available online (as a PDF) at https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/22pdf/21-454_4g15.pdf. Nina Totenberg, “The Supreme Court has narrowed the scope of the Clean Water Act.” NPR, May 25, 2023. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA):“EPA and Army Finalize Rule Establishing Definition of WOTUS and Restoring Fundamental Water Protections,” December 30, 2022, news release.“Revising the Definition of ‘Waters of the United States': Final Revised Definition of ‘Waters of the United States',” online at https://www.epa.gov/wotus/revising-def