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The fourth and final episode in our series on the Jinshin no Ran: we cover the campaign in Afumi (aka Ōmi - 近江).  Prince Ōama and Prince Ōtomo (aka Kōbun Tennō), have drawn up their forces.  Last episode we covered the fighting in the Nara Basin, around the ancient Yamato capital: Asuka.  This episode focuses on the defense of the Karafu and Fuwa passes and the eventual march to the bridge at Setagawa. This is a name heavy episode, and we'll be noting some of it here: https://sengokudaimyo.com/podcast/episode-132   Rough Transcript Welcome to Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  My name is Joshua and this is episode 132: The Jinshin no Ran, Part 4: The Afumi Campaign The Afumi soldiers on the western side of the bridge looked across the open expanse of water towards their Yoshino rivals on the eastern side.  If it weren't for the banners and the red tags barely visible on the sleeves of the opposing forces, it would be hard to know which side was which.  Both were equipped in similar ways, and a few of the soldiers could even make out familiar faces on the other side.  That is the nature of civil wars—especially in a conscript society, where the soldiers often had little choice which side they were fighting for.  Not that it necessarily mattered much to them which side came out on top, whatever their commanders might have told them. The bridge across the Seta river was large and wide, and normally quite well traveled.  Now, however, the central boards had been pulled up for a span of about 30 feet or so, leaving a gap spanned by only a single, narrow plank.  That plank was, itself, tied to a rope, which was being held by the Afumi troops.  The soldiers knew that should any of the enemy try to cross, they could pull the plank out from under them and they would fall into the river, their metal armor dragging them down into the dark depths of swirling water below.  Even should they somehow make it across without being peppered by arrows, there would be no reinforcements coming: they would be slaughtered, and the trap would be reset. It seemed like the Afumi forces held all the cards in this battle, and yet they were still tense. Archers could still shoot across the distance. The front rank of troops held wooden shields as a defense, but there were still openings in the formation and the armor, and in the chaos of battle, nobody was truly safe. And so the Afumi forces waited.  Confident, but wary. A commotion on the eastern side of the bridge grabbed the spotlight.  The Yoshino forces had approached, and they were clearly preparing for something.  The Afumi soldiers strained to see what was going on.  Suddenly, the front line of the Yoshino forces parted, and a strange sight confronted the Afumi soldiers.  It took them a moment to fully comprehend what was barreling towards them at full tilt: a soldier that looked almost like two soldiers put together, wearing armor placed over armor, in an attempt to protect from harm.  It must have been heavy, and as he stepped on the beam, it visibly buckled under the weight.  The Afumi archers let loose with their arrows and crossbow bolts, but to no avail.  They simply stuck in the armor, adding to the bizarre and otherworldly appearance of their opponent. The spell was broken on the Afumi side as arrows came cascading in.  The Yoshino forces weren't just sitting idly back, they were making sure they were doing everything they could to keep the Afumi forces distracted.  And for a split second it worked—and a split second was all they needed.  Before the soldiers could gather up their wits about them enough to pull the rope there was a terrifying sound of metal on wood.  The Afumi soldiers pulled the rope, but it came all too easy—the Yoshino soldier had dashed across and cut the rope tied to the plank.  Behind him, the Yoshino forces were now pouring across the bridge.  Soon they would establish a foothold, and behind the front line they would be able to have other soldiers place more planks so that the number of Yoshino soldiers on the Western side of the bridge only continued to increase. Realizing that their trap had been circumvented, the Afumi forces fell back, but their strategic withdrawal soon turned into a full on retreat.  While pockets of soldiers resisted, many were suddenly all too aware that perhaps it was better to live and fight another day, instead.  Despite threats and even attacks from their own commanders, the Afumi forces fled the battlefield, leaving the Yoshino army victorious.  With the Seta bridge now secured, there were no more major obstacles in their way:  They would march to the capital at Ohotsu and finish this war.   Welcome back!  This is Part 4, and so if you haven't already done so, I recommend going back and starting with Part 1.  That said, we'll briefly recap here. Over the past three episodes, we've talked about the causes of the war between Prince Ohotomo and Prince Ohoama as they vied for the throne.  Prince Ohotomo seemingly had the stronger position, as he was actually running the Yamato state from the Afumi capital in Ohotsu.  He had the various ministers and all the official organs of the state on his side.   He was also 23 years old. Ohoama, on the other side, was Ohotomo's paternal uncle.  His own son, Prince Takechi, was 19 years old and helping to lead the army.   Upon learning that the State was gathering forces against him, Ohoama had quickly moved east, gathering forces as he went, and now he stood near Fuwa, modern day Sekigahara, prepared to begin his march on the capital.   This episode we are going to cover the conclusion of the war.  Warning, though, this is going to be a *lot*.  A lot of place names and people names.  Apologies if it is hard to follow.  I'll have a rough map and info on the various players on the podcast blog, so you may want to bring that up if you are having problems following. In Part I of this series we covered the causes leading up to the conflict.  In Part II we covered Ohoama's mad dash to Fuwa, at modern Sekigahara.  Last episode, Part III we covered the fighting in the Nara Basin. This episode we are going to talk about the last two fronts of the war: the defense of the Iga area and Kurafu Pass, and the march from Fuwa to the Afumi capital of Ohotsu. Before we go into the details of the next battles, let's look at what each side of the conflict was doing, what they are concerned about, and where they are on the board.  We'll then go into how the rest of the war played out, and its conclusion and aftermath.     Ohoama's Yoshino forces had largely been drawn from the countries in the east—the very same countries that Ohoama was denying to the Afumi court.  In response, the Afumi court had drawn their forces from where they could.  There were those that they had already called up under the pretense of building Naka no Oe's burial mound, but they had sent others out to raise troops in Yamato and out the western side of Honshu, all the way to Tsukushi—modern Kyushu.  However, not everyone in the Western region of the archipelago was friendly to the Afumi court—especially the regions of Kibi and Tsukushi.  This was significant.  Kibi was an ancient rival of Yamato, and likely could contribute a sizeable force.  Tsukushi, on the other hand, was quite large, and besides the conscripts from among the regular inhabitants, Tsukushi also was in charge of defending the archipelago from invasion—they were the first line of defense.  They had constructed numerous castles and fortifications to defend against a possible invasion, and those castles and fortifications were no doubt manned by troops that had been raised for that purpose.  If they could now be turned inwards, that could be enough to really turn the tide against Ohoama and his Yoshino army. The only problem was that neither Kibi nor Tsukushi were exactly sympathetic to the Afumi court.  The governor of Kibi and Prince Kurikuma, the viceroy of Tsukushi, both had ties to Ohoama, and the ministers suspected them of sympathizing with their Yoshino rivals.  As such the envoys that were sent out were authorized to take whatever drastic steps they felt necessary to secure the troops. So how did that all go down?  Well, last episode we talked about how Hodzumi no Momotari and his crew had been stopped from raising troops in Asuka by Ohotomo no Fukei, whose bluff of pretending to be Prince Takechi and a host of cavalry soldiers caused the conscripted troops to flee, and ended up in the death of Momotari and the capture of his compatriots. In Kibi, things took a turn in Afumi's favor.  When the Afumi government's envoy arrived at the government center in Kibi, he tricked the governor into taking off his sword.  Once he had done so, the envoy drew his own sword and killed the governor.  Without the governor to get in his way, the envoy then went about securing the land and troops for the Afumi court. Prince Kurikuma, the viceroy in Tsukushi, at the Dazaifu, was not quite so easily fooled, however.  Kurikuma knew how the court operated, and was apparently well informed of what was going on.  When the Afumi court's envoy met with Kurikuma, the Prince was flanked by two of his sons, Prince Mino and Prince Takebe, each one armed.  When Prince Kurikuma heard what the Afumi court wanted—for him to send the troops from Tsukushi to help quell Ohoama's rebellion—Kurikuma responded that he needed those troops to hold the border.  After all, the Tang dynasty was still a potential threat, and what good would it do to send the troops from the border regions to fight an internal war, only to then have an invader come in and destroy the state entirely?  No, he reasoned, he would not be sending the troops as the Afumi court requested. We are told that for a moment, the Afumi envoy thought about grabbing his sword and killing Prince Kurikuma, as the Afumi court had suggested, but with both of Kurikuma's sons armed on either side of him, he realized that he didn't have great odds, and so he eventually left, empty handed, but alive. This is significant.  While we don't know exact numbers, it is likely that there were quite a few troops stationed in Kyushu and the islands, all in case of foreign invasion.  By not supplying them to the Afumi court, Prince Kurikuma dealt a huge blow to the Afumi's ability to make war.  Add to that the fact that Ohoama had likewise blocked the court's access to the eastern countries, and that further narrowed the troops that Afumi had access to.  Nonetheless, they still had enough to be dangerous, and it is impossible to say exactly what might happen in a war. So we know where the Afumi and Yoshino forces ostensibly came from, but let's talk about the battlefield.  All of the fighting that we talk about was happening in an area between Naniwa—modern Ohosaka—and Fuwa, modern Sekigahara, northwest from the modern city of Nagoya. There are three main theaters we are talking about.  The first is in the Nara basin, which we talked about extensively in the last episode.  The Nara basin itself was not necessarily of the most strategic importance, militarily, but it was of huge symbolic importance.  After all, that was still the ancient capital, even though the governmental functions had been moved north, to Ohotsu, on the shores of Lake Biwa.  The second is in the Suzuka mountains.  This includes the areas of Iga and Kouka, and it is bordered by the Nara basin on the west, the Mie coastline on the east, and Afumi, the area around lake Biwa, to the north.  This is the same region that Ohoama had to naviagate through on his way from Yoshino to the east, and the mountains and valleys make it so that there are only so many traversable routes through.  For our narrative we are going to be primarily talking about the Kurafu Pass, between Kouka and Iga, at modern Tsuge city.  This pass  was an important route between Kouka, Iga, and Mie.  The road followed the Soma River which eventually flowed into Lake Biwa.  This made it a route out of Afumi, and if the Afumi forces could secure the Kurafu pass and the fields of Tara, just on the other side, they could split Ohoama's forces and cut off any help that he could possibly send to the Nara basin, and possibly even take Ohoama from behind. Finally, let's talk about our third theater:  Afumi itself.  Specifically, we are looking at the southern and eastern sides around Lake Biwa.  Biwa is the largest lake in Japan, and it is almost entirely surrounded by mountains except for where the Seta river flows south, eventually winding its way to Naniwa.  Today, the area of Afumi is largely co-located with modern Shiga Prefecture. Back in 668, after finding themselves on the losing side of the Baekje-Tang war, Naka no Oe, aka Tenji Tennou, had moved the capital to Ohotsu, or Big Port, in Afumi, on the shores of Lake Biwa, likely for the protection it gave.  From Afumi, there were three major routes out of the basin, and a few minor ones.  All of them were through defensible mountain passes, like Karafu Pass, Fuwa Pass, and Suzuka Pass.  Three such passes:  Fuwa, Suzuka, and Arachi would become prominent barriers, or seki, along the ancient roads, and were known as the Sangen, or Three Barriers, protecting the capital region.  Suzuka no seki, at the pass of the same name, was in the south.  To reach it from Afumi, one crossed the Karafu pass, and then turned east through a pass near Mt. Miyama.  At the northern tip of the Suzuka mountains was Fuwa pass, future home of the Fuwa barrier.  The Barrier, or “Seki” would give its name to the area in another form:  Sekigahara.  This was along the Tousandou, the Eastern Mountain road, and even today it is the path through which roads and even the Shinkansen traverse between eastern and western Honshu.  Finally, though less important to our story, was the Arachi pass. Arachi no seki was part of the Hokurikudo, the Northern Land Route, and led to the ancient country of Kochi and the port of Tsuruga, which had a long history as an alternate port, especially for ships sailing from Goguryeo.  Later, Arachi no seki would be replaced in the Sangen ranking by another pass between Afumi and modern Kyoto, which would be known as the Afusaka, or Ohosaka, Pass.  This was the pass that would have been used to get to Yamashiro and, from there, to Naniwa and the Nara Basin. These three passes would come to define the island of Honshu, and became the dividing line between the Kanto region, in the east, and the Kansai region, in the west.  By holding the Suzuka and Fuwa passes, Ohoama effectively denied any travel to the eastern regions.  Sure, Afumi could have tried going through the Arachi pass and into Kochi, but then they would have had to traverse the Japan alps—no small feat, especially without modern conveniences like the trains and busses used today. From Fuwa Pass, where Ohoama and Prince Takechi had set up their headquarters, it was largely a straight shot to the Afumi capital of Ohotsu.  Between Lake Biwa and the Suzuka mountains is a wide, flat plain, divided primarily by the rivers and streams running out from the mountains into the lake.  Immediately west of Fuwa is the area of Maibara.  Following the shore of the lake one traverses through modern Hikone, to Yasu.  Yasu would also have been the location where the road to the Karafu pass broke off into the Suzuka mountains.  Beyond that was the bridge across the Seta River. The Seta river was one of the largest obstacles that would have to be negotiated, and the Afumi forces knew this.  Just as Ohoama would set up at Fuwa pass, a large number of the Afumi forces were set up on the western bank of the Seta river.  If the Yoshino forces could get across, however, it would mean that they had a more or less unimpeded route to the capital at Ohotsu. So now let's talk about what was happening in each of these places. Ohoama had set up at Fuwa—Sekigahara—and had begun to call soldiers to him.  Not only did did this allow him to block the rival Afumi troops from accessing the Eastern countries and possibly raising troops to use against him, but he was also able to maintain a line of communication with ancient Yamato, in the Nara Basin.  In order to keep his communication lines open, and to ensure that the Afumi forces couldn't sneak up behind him, Ohoama split his forces in two.  He knew that Afumi forces were trying to take his stronghold in Yamato, and if successful, from there they could move in to Uda and on to Iga.  thereafter that, they could march up behind him through the Suzuka pass.  Alternatively, the forces in Afumi could come up through Kouka and the Karafu pass, and then try to divide and conquer So the first group of Ohoama's army were to go south, through the Suzuka pass into their mountain namesake.  Once there, Oho no Omi no Honji was to hold Tarano, the Plain of Tara, where the routes to Suzuka, Kafuka, and Iga met.  Tanaka no Omi no Tarumaro went with him, with orders to guard the Kurafu pass, which is to say the road to Kouka.  This first group was headed by Ki no Omi no Abemaro, and also included Miwa no Kimi no Kobito, and Okizome no Muraji no Usagi.  Along with what we are told were tens of thousands of men, this first made their way south from Fuwa  through Mie and Ise and over the Suzuka pass.  Once there, they took up their positions at Karafu and Tarano.  It was a good thing, too, because only a couple of days after they arrived, the enemy struck.   Now as soon as he got there, Oho no Honji had fortified Tarano with some three thousand men, and Tanaka no  Tarumaro was sent to guard the Kurafu pass.  Prior to this, Tarumaro had been the official in charge of the Hot Springs in Ise, but he had joined Ohoama and the Yoshino forces when they first arrived over the Suzuka Pass.  Now he was in charge of a military force, encamped along the road through the Kurafu pass, waiting for the enemy. Unbeknownst to him, a deputy commander of the Afumi forces, Tanabe no Wosumi, was approaching from Mt. Kafuka.  Presumably he'd been sent out from Ohotsu and had followed the road along the Yasu and Soma rivers towards the pass.  Wosumi had  sizeable force with him, but he was not looking for a direct assault.  Even if he would win, he would suffer casualties, especially trying to attack an entrenched enemy in a fortified position.  He needed to be sneaky.  He had no way of knowing that, centuries later, the lands of Iga and Kouka would be known for their sneaky warriors—their legendary ninja—but I digressed.  What Wosumi did was this.  First, he rolled up his banners and muffled the drums.  He even had his men gag themselves—a continental custom where soldiers were given a stick to hold in their mouth, like a horse's bit, to discourage any talking amongst the ranks as they approached.  Presumably, they kept them in until just before attacking, because they also devised a watchword “kane”—transcribed as metal or gold.  Wosumi knew that it would be hard enough to tell who was who in the daytime—after all, it wasn't like these were regimented forces with uniforms.  The soldiers were likely all wearing whatever they had available, and clothing and armor would have been similar across the two armies.  At night, even some kind of mark or flag would hardly be enough to tell who was who in the dark.  As lines broke and melee ensued, it would be easy to get turned around, and find yourself facing a friend.  By saying the watchword you could distinguish friend from foe. Sure enough, this tactic worked.  The Afumi forces broke through the Yoshino fortifications in the middle of the night and swarmed into the encampment.  Men who had been asleep were waking up to chaos.  Tarumaro's Yoshino soldiers were thrown into confusion.  Tarumaro himself, escaped, but just barely.  we are told that he noticed that the enemy kept shouting the word “kane”, and so he started doing it as well. The Afumi forces, assuming he was one of their own, left him alone.  Still, he only escaped with difficulty. His escape was no doubt critical, however.   He presumably would have headed to Tarano to try and warn Oho no Honji, but this may not have been possible, as we are told that on the following day, after the attack at Karafu pass, the Afumi commander Wosumi continued his advance, and came upon the Yoshino encampment at Tarano unexpectedly.  Still, General Honji did not back down.  With a force of hand-picked soldiers, Honji counterattacked against Wosumi and struck him.  We are told that Wosumi made it out—the only one who did—but that he did not try and make another attack.  The Yoshino forces would ultimately hold the pass and the critical juncture of Tarano.  The Afumi forces would not get a second chance. By the way, a quick note here:  I can't help but notice a bit of a trope showing up in these stories:  At Narayama, General Fukei is defeated, and is the only person who makes his escape.  Then Tarumaro is the only person to escape his defeat.  Finally, Wosumi is the only one of his forces to leave the plain of Tara. I am more than a little incredulous that these generals are the only ones who actually survived, and that the rest of the army was slaughtered.  In fact, you may recall that at the battle at Taima, General Fukei told his men not to pursue the fleeing common soldiers.  As I've tried to point out, the common soldiers were not likely as invested in the cause.  In fact, it is just as possible that the common soldiers may have changed sides and joined the other army if they thought it would serve them well.  Or maybe they were escaping and just blending into the countryside.  After all, the elites weren't really spending the time to get to know them, let along record any details about them.  So I suspect that it was more about the fact that the various armies would be broken, and the soldiers flung to the four corners, rather than that they were necessarily slaughtered.  After all, if you had the choice, would you have stayed there? A few days after Wosumi was defeated, the Yoshino general that Ohoama had sent to Iga along with Honji and Tarumaro, Ki no Omi no Abemaro, heard that their ally, Ohotomo no Fukei was in trouble in the Nara Basin.  He'd been defeated by the Afumi general Ohono no Hatayasu at Narayama,  and without reinforcements, the entire Nara Basin could fall, along with the ancient Yamato capital at Asuka. So Abemaro sent Okizome no Muraji no Usagi with more than a thousand cavalry to go assist.  They met Fukei at Sumizaka, and suddenly, things were looking up in the Nara Basin.  For more on how that turned out, check out last episode, where we covered the events in the Nara Basin. Once the events in the Nara Basin settled out, then both the Nara Basin and the Karafu pass would be well and truly in the hands of the Yoshino forces.  But there was no way for those guarding those locations to know that the fighting was over, and they would have to hold their positions until the fighting had definitively stopped.  Which brings us back to Ohoama and the Yoshino troops gathered at Fuwa, where things were about to kick off as well.  The troops at Fuwa, while being led by Ohoama and his 19 year old son, Takechi, were placed under the command of Murakuni no Muraji no Woyori—who, , as things progressed, would be noted as the primary general for the campaign that would lead Yoshino troops from Fuwa, on the offensive towards Ohotsu. The only reason that they seem to have waited before going on the offensive was that every day, more troops were coming in.  So even as the fighting was going on in Nara and at the Karafu pass, the Yoshino army at Fuwa gathered men and made their preparations.  As they did so, the Afumi court Was going to do whatever they could to try and break them, hoping that they could stop the threat posed by Ohoama and his men before they began their march. For the Afumi forces first attempt to break the Yoshino defenses at Fuwa pass, they picked troops to try and make an incursion into the village of Tamakurabe, which appears to have been in the pass itself; it was probably modern Tama district of Sekigahara.  They were repelled, however, by Izumo no Omi no Koma, who drove them off. Later, the Afumi court ordered another force of several tens of thousands of men to attack under the command of Prince Yamabe no Ou, Soga no Omi no Hatayasu, and Kose no Omi no Hito.  Soga no Hatayasu and Kose no Hito were both part of the inner circle of the Afumi court, or so it would seem.  When Prince Ohotomo had taken the reins of the government in a ceremony in the Western Hall of the Palace, he was attended by the ministers of the right and left, as well as Soga no Hatayasu, Kose no Hito, and Ki no Ushi.  They were at the very heart of this whole matter.  Prince Yamabe is a little bit more of a mystery.  We know he was someone of note, and when Prince Ohotsu was brought to his parents, they were apparently traveling under the guise of Prince Yamabe and another prince, Prince Ishikawa.  But we know little else. The three men and their Afumi troops headed out and camped on the bank of the Inukami river, near modern Hikone.  There, however, trouble broke out. The Nihon Shoki does not record exactly what it was, but there must have been some kind of falling out.  Prince Yamabe no Ou was killed by Soga no Hatayasu and Kose no Hito.  We don't know if this was due to some quarrel or what, but either way, it threw the army into a state of disarray and there was no way for them to move forward.  Soga no Hatayasu appears to have taken responsibility for whatever happened, as he headed back from Inukami, presumably back to Ohotsu, where he took his own life by stabbing himself in the throat.  There would be no attack on Fuwa Pass, however. Finally, the Nihon Shoki also recounts the story of another Afumi general, named Hata no Kimi no Yakuni, and his son, Ushi.  Together with others, who remain unnamed, they surrendered themselves to Ohoama and the Yoshino forces, rather than fighting.  It isn't clear if they were deserters, if they had been part of one of the other two attempts to take Fuwa Pass, or if there was something else going on.  Either way, Ohoama was so pleased that he welcomed them in and we are told that Hata no Yakuni was “granted a battle axe and halberd” and appointed a general.  This is probably stock phrasing, but it does seem he was given some measure of trust.  Yakuni's men were then sent north, to Koshi. We aren't quite sure what those forces' ultimate objective was.  It may have been that he was to take the northern pass and make sure that none of the Afumi troops tried to escape and head to the East along that road.  Many of the accounts of this war seem to suggest that he, or at least some part of the forces, were to head north and then come around Lake Biwa the long way.  This would mean that if Ohoama attacked, there would be no easy way to flee.  From Ohotsu they couldn't turn north without running into more troops, and their only escape would seem to be through the Afusaka pass towards the area of modern Kyoto.  And of course, whoever was victorious in the Nara Basin would then be able to control the route to the coast. It is unclear how much Ohoama could have actually known, though, about what was happening across the various distances.  Messages would have meant riders on swift horses carrying them; they couldn't just text each other what was going on. And so, with one attack repelled, another aborted, and a turncoat now on their side, Ohoama's Yoshino forces were finally ready to head out on the offensive themselves.  According to the Nihon Shoki this was on the 7th day of the 7th month—Tanabata, today, but I doubt people were paying much mind to the Weaver and the Cowherd.  Murakuni no Woyori, with the group advancing from Fuwa to Afumi, set out, and met with their first resistance at the Yokugawa river in Okinaga.  As far as I can tell, this is likely the Amano River in modern Maibara, which anyone who takes the Shinkansen between Kanto and Kansai probably recognizes as one of the usual stops.  Once again, we have a situation where, while they would have had banners flying, in the crush of battle it could be quite easy to mistake friend for foe, especially with large numbers of troops who were pulled from vastly different regions.  You had to have some way of knowing quickly who was on your side – that's why the Afumi commander Wosumi had his troops use the password “kane”, for example.  Ohoama's approach was to have his men place a red mark—possibly a ribbon or similar—on their clothing so that one could tell who, at a glance, was on their side.  As a note, later samurai would sometimes attach flags to their shoulder armor, or sode, and these “sode-jirushi” would help identify you even if people didn't recognize your armor.  Ohoama's troops may have used something similar. And so Woyori's Yoshino forces attacked the Afumi defenders, and the Afumi troops were clearly outmatched.  Woyori's men killed the Afumi commander and defeated the opposing forces. But that was just the beginning.  Afumi forces had been stationed all along the route from Fuwa to Ohotsu.  Thus it was that only two days later Woyori and his men made it to Mt. Tokoyama, probably in Hikone, by the Seri river.  There they met more Afumi soldiers, but once again they were triumphant and slew the opposing commander.   Woyori and his men were on a roll. I would point out that these battles aren't given much detail, but we do see how it progressed.  There are names of various individuals and commanders—certainly not much on the common people.  From what we can tell, this was not a rush to Ohotsu, but rather a slow march, probably doing their best to fortify their positions and make sure that nobody was sneaking up on them.  After each battle, it is some days before the next, probably spent spying out ahead and formulating plans. Woyori and his men next fought a battle on the banks of the Yasukawa River, presumably near modern Yasu city.  Here, Aston's translation claims that he suffered a great defeat, but more likely I suspect it means to say that he inflicted a great defeat on the Afumi forces, because if he had been defeated, how would he have pressed on only a few days later.  We are told that  two men, presumably the Afumi commanders, were both taken prisoner. Since we don't have anything more about them in the narrative all we can really do is assume that they must have therefore been on the side of the Afumi forces. By taking Yasu, that would have likely cut off the Afumi forces from any future considerations about using the Kurafu Pass.  The noose around Ohotsu was slowly tightening. Four days after that, on the 17th day of the 7th month, Woyori attacked and repulsed the Kurimoto army—presumably a force loyal to the Afumi court under a general named Kurimoto, or possibly raised from a place called Kurimoto, perhaps over on Awaji.  Either way, it was another victory on Woyori's belt. From there, Woyori and his men arrived at Seta, where they would have to cross the Setagawa—the Seta River. The Seta River is a wide river, and the only one flowing out of Lake Biwa.  It winds its way south and west, eventually becoming the Uji and then the Yodo rivers, which flow all the way to Naniwa—modern Ohosaka.  At the Seta river, there was a major bridge, the only way across, other than to swim.  Prince Ohotomo and his ministers, along with their entire army, were encamped on the west side of the bridge.  Their forces were so numerous that it was said you could not see all the way to the back of them.  Their banners covered the plain, and the dust of their movement caused a cloud to rise into the sky.  Their drums and songs could be heard for miles around.  We are told they even had crossbows, and when they were discharged the arrows fell like rain.  Of course, some of this may have just been more poetic license by the authors of the Nihon Shoki, but you get the picture:  There were a lot of troops on the western side of the river. The bridge itself was defended by General Chison.  We know very little of this general, as he only appears in this one part of the record, but his name implies that he may have been from the continent.  We aren't given a surname, and it is possible he was one of the Baekje refugees, now fighting for the Afumi court.  He led an advance body of specially selected troops, and in the middle of the bridge they had removed planks for about three rods or thirty feet.  Across that span was a single plank, daring anyone to try and cross it.  Of course, if they did, they would be a sitting duck in front of the enemy archers, and the plank was attached by a rope so that it could always be pulled out from under them.  It seemed as if it were impossible to advance. Finally, one of Woyori's soldiers, Ohokida no Kimi no Wakaomi, got up the courage to cross.  We are told that he put on double armor, put down his long spear, and drew his sword.  He then charged suddenly across the plank and cut the rope on the other side before the Afumi troops could pull it back.  In spite of the arrows that were raining down on him, he entered the ranks of the Afumi troops, slashing with his sword as he went.  The Afumi forces were thrown into confusion and some of them tried to leave, but General Chison drew his own sword and began to cut down anyone who tried to flee.  Still, he was unable to check the rout.  Woyori's troops secured the bridge and soon were pouring across it.  They cut down General Chison and advanced into the Afumi army, who broke and ran.  The Afumi sovereign, Ohotomo, aka Koubun Tennou, along with the Ministers of the Left and Right, narrowly escaped with their lives. Woyori and his troops marched to the foot of Awazu hill, and we are told that Hata no Yakuni, the Afumi commander who had earlier defected, and whose men were sent north to Koshi, set a siege to Miwo castle along with Izumo no Koma, who had defended against the attempted seizure of Tamakurabe.  Presumably this is Mio, south of Ohotsu, and it was likely guarding the southern approach to the Afumi capital. The only thing here that gives me pause is that we were earlier told that Yakuni's men, after he defected, were sent to Koshi.  So was Yakuni not with them?  Had he returned?  Or had the troops made it all the way around Lake Biwa already, taking the longer route up and around the lake? Regardless of how it happened, Yakuni and Koma were able to take Miwo castle.  As a reminder, a “castle” at this time would have likely been defined more by its walls, which were probably rammed earth and wood—not the elegantly sloping stone walls and  donjon base that would come to typify castles of the Warring States period. The following day, Woyori and his men continued their pursuit.  At the Awazu marketplace, Woyori ran into the Afumi generals Inukahi no Muraji no Isokimi and Hasama no Atahe no Shihote.  We mentioned Isokimi last episode—he was the Afumi commander attacking the Middle Road in the Nara Basin.  His deputy, Kujira, had been defeated, and it seems Isokimi had retreated back to Afumi and rejoined the main force. He would not be quite so fortunate this time.  Isokimi and Shihote were both slain, and Ohotomo fled once again.  He didn't get very far, hiding at Yamazaki, thought to be near the site of the modern city hall, in Ohotsu. Despite his best efforts, he knew he would be discovered, and he eventually strangled himself, rather than facing the humiliation and punishment that would come with capture. With Ohotomo dead, the other ministers of the Afumi court dispersed and fled.  Woyori and his men, meeting up at Sasanami, hunted down the Ministers of the Left and Right—Soga no Akaye and Nakatomi no Kane—as well as others who had fought with Ohotomo and who were considered criminals. They were all marched back to Fuwa, where, on the 25th day of the 7th month, Ohotomo's head was presented to Ohoama.  The war, it seems, was over. Or at least, the fighting was over.  There was still a lot to be settled.  First off, it would hardly have been practical to wipe out every single person on the losing side.  For one thing, that would have devastated the Court even further, likely creating a huge power vacuum.  In addition, many of the supporters on both sides were not necessarily there out of purely partisan reasons.  I would point out that many of the family names that we see in the record are found on both sides of the conflict.  Inukahi no Isokimi may have fought for Ohotomo, but we also see an Inukahi no Ohotomo fighting on the behalf of Ohoama.  Fumi no Nemaro was a major commander in Ohoama's army, while Fumi no Kusuri had been sent by the Afumi court to raise troops in the East Country.  And Hasama no Shihote was killed with Isokimi at Awazu, while a Hasama no Nemaro was working under the command of General Fukei, in Nara, to guard Tatsuta. There wasn't necessarily a simple divide along family lines.  It is possible that these individuals were all fairly well removed from each other, and from different parts of their respective families, or clans. They are often given different kabane, the family rank system used at this time, though I suspect that may have more to do with later changes, with those on the winning side being promoted over those who supported the Afumi court.  However, it is also the case that Japan has a long history of family members supporting both sides in any major conflict.  That way, no matter who wins, the family itself finds itself on the winning side. But there did have to be some accountability.  This is something that one can point to time and again—if the losing side is not held accountable for their actions, then what is to prevent them from just regrouping and trying again?  And yet that need for justice and punishment must be tempered with some amount of humanity. Ultimately, about one month after the end of the war, eight of the Afumi ministers were found guilty of truly heinous offences and they were condemned to suffer what the Nihon Shoki says was the “Extreme Penalty”.  The Minister of the Right, Nakatomi no Kane, was executed at Tane, in Asai.  Meanwhile the Minister of the Left, Soga no Akaye; along with the Dainagon, or Grand Councillor, Kose no Hito, as well as their children and grandchildren, along with the children of the late Nakatomi no Kane and Soga no Hatayasu, were all sent into banishment.  All others were pardoned. And of course those who had supported Ohoama, and who had come to his aid, were given public favour and reward.  In many cases this likely meant receiving high office and corresponding rank, along with increased stipend payments.  There is a notable shift in the makeup of the court, going forward, and it seems clear that families would want to associate themselves with those who fought on Ohoama's side, rather than Ohotomo's, if they could help it.  That was no doubt a part of works like the various diaries and house records that would have been used to compile the Nihon Shoki, recording the deeds that any house did for the throne. Along with all of the punishments and plaudits that were meted out in the 8th month of 672, there was one more event—something of an outlier.  We are told that Chihisakobe no Muraji no Sabichi, the governor of the province of Wohari, went off into the mountains and committed suicide. Sabichi had originally met Ohoama at the Kuwana district house—the local government office—when he had first arrived from Yoshino.  He had a large number of troops—20,000 by the Nihon Shoki's count—which helped Ohoama to ultimately defeat the Afumi court.  So why he would go off into the mountains and commit suicide was anyone's guess.  The Nihon Shoki suggests that it was possible that his allegiance had changed, and he may have been trying to plot against Ohoama.  Perhaps he had been convinced that Afumi court was going to come out on top, and so had begun some plot.  Or he just had a falling out or became disillusioned for some reason.  Whatever it was, it remains a mystery, even today. With the war concluded, it was time for Ohoama to make his way from the field to the Capital so that he could transition to ruling the State properly.  But Ohoama was not interested, it would seem, in setting himself up in his brother's capital.  Setting up in the Ohotsu capital may have raised a few eyebrows.  It had not been a completely popular move to begin with, and it was also the home of the Afumi court's legitimacy.  To take up the throne there, I can only imagine that it would have further reinforced the idea that Ohoama was the usurper, taking the throne that was meant for his nephew.  Instead, he made the decision to travel to the ancient capital, in Asuka, but he was not in a hurry. They headed out on the 8th day of the 9th month of 672, making it from Fuwa to Kuwana.  Here he likely met up with his wife, Princess Uno, and his ten year old son, Prince Ohotsu.  The following day they headed out, traveling back along the route that they had taken from Yoshino, but at a much more leisurely route.  The royal carriage stayed the night in Suzuka.  From there, it was another day to Abe, likely referring to modern Ahai county, in Iga, near Ueno city.  They then continued on to Nabari.  Finally, on the 12th day,they arrived at the Yamato capital—that is to say Asuka—and Ohoama took up residence for a time at the Shima Palace.  This was only, it seems, to give people time to get the actual palace ready, because three days later, Ohoama moved into the Wokamoto Palace.  And with that, Ohoama began the work of running the state—but there was still plenty to prepare.  For one thing, there were foreign embassies—Kim Ap-sil and others arrived.  It was still going to take a while to get the capital ready for guests, though.  From what we can tell, they were probably building a grand new palace, and it would take some time for it to be prepared.  So the Silla embassy was entertained in Tsukushi, where Prince Kurikuma would have been in charge of hosting them.  They were likely filled on the new developments and provided a ship. Meanwhile, Ohoama made sure that all of the appropriate rewards were given out.  On the 4th day of the 12th month, we are told that all those who had rendered services were given higher cap-ranks, based on what they had done. And as the year 672 closes out—and with it, the first of the two Chronicles for Ohoama, the soon-to-be elevated Temmu Tennou. But there is one final entry, marking the death of Wina no Kimi no Takami in the 12th month of the year.  We know that Wina no Kimi no *Iwasuki* was working for the Afumi court, sent to rally troops in the East, but he fled when they encountered Ohoama's troops at Fuwa Pass.  Takami, on the other hand, we know little about, but I suspect may have been on the side of Ohoama.  It is an odd entry, and, like so many, unexplained.  Perhaps it meant something to the people of the early 8th century, but if so, that meaning is likely lost to us. And so we close the book on the Jinshin no Ran—the Jinshin War, or possibly the Disturbance or even Rebellion, depending on how you feel about it.  This account is one of the most detailed we have of this kind of event, and yet it does not seem that it was entirely unique.  There are plenty of indications that previous sovereigns had to fight their way to the throne, or else had to repel others who would try to take it by force.  This was almost a tradition among the royal house of Yamato.  But now that the matter of succession was well and truly settled, it was time to get on with other things. Who knows what an Afumi court may have done and how they could have changed things.  What we do know is what Ohoama—and his queen, Uno no Himemiko—did.  They built upon, or in some cases possibly even fabricated, the legacy of Naka no Oe.  They would set in stone many of the things that had been put in place, and at the same time make certain changes, as well.  The Yamato state was getting started. And we'll start to dive into that next episode.  Until then, thank you once again for listening and for all of your support. If you like what we are doing, please tell your friends and feel free to rate us wherever you listen to podcasts.  If you feel the need to do more, and want to help us keep this going, we have information about how you can donate on Patreon or through our KoFi site, ko-fi.com/sengokudaimyo, or find the links over at our main website,  SengokuDaimyo.com/Podcast, where we will have some more discussion on topics from this episode. Also, feel free to reach out to our Sengoku Daimyo Facebook page.  You can also email us at the.sengoku.daimyo@gmail.com.  Thank you, also, to Ellen for their work editing the podcast. And that's all for now.  Thank you again, and I'll see you next episode on Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  

Very special guest Kiyo Tezuka joins us all the way from Hikone, Japan to share an epic tale of wayward youth spent as a globe wandering hippie looking for truth before accidentally settling down to the responsible(?) life of a temple monk. What do we become when we're all grown up and still don't know what we want to be when we grow up? Does Western Zen have something unique to teach Japanese Zen in return? Is parallel parking one of those secret magical powers Buddha hinted we might one day attain?? Find out here! 

Send us a text Journey through central Japan with Miyuki, a licensed Japanese travel guide, who unveils the secrets of this stunning region nestled between Tokyo and Osaka. Discover how Japan's superb public transportation system can whisk you away to hidden gems like Hamamatsu, known for its lush tea fields and vibrant musical instrument manufacturing scene, and Nagoya, a city that stands as a beacon of manufacturing prowess and samurai heritage. Planning a trip to Japan is no small feat, but fear not—our episode is packed with expert insights to help you every step of the way. From unique accommodation options like cozy ryokans and budget-friendly business hotels to the nuances of Japan's effortless public transport, we've got you covered. Explore the charm of lesser-known spots like Hikone, famed for its original wooden castle and breathtaking gardens, and discover the best times of year to experience their natural beauty. Whether you're seeking surfing adventures in Kanagawa and Chiba or practical travel tips like using IC cards for convenience, this episode is brimming with valuable information. If any listeners are interested in visiting Japan and want personalized guidance on travel planning, please connect with Miyuki on Instagram @japan.experts.You can also find Miyuki at her website Miyuki  Seguchi.Her podcast is Japan Experts with Miyuki Seguchi.You can also download her free Japan Travel Guide - The 7 Steps to Creating Your Unique Immersive Experience.Map of JapanSupport the showPlease download, like, subscribe, share a review, and follow us on your favorite podcasts app and connect with us on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/wherenextpodcast/View all listening options: https://wherenextpodcast.buzzsprout.com/HostsCarol Springer: https://www.instagram.com/carol.work.lifeKristen: https://www.instagram.com/team_wake/ If you can, please support the show or you can buy us a coffee.

Nagoya es una ciudad importante por la que casi todo el mundo pasa entre Tokio y Kioto pero que, además, es una base de operaciones genial para hacer excursiones de día muy interesantes. En este episodio te contamos sobre ellas. Algunos ejemplos son Inuyama, el Gran Santuario de Ise, Omihachiman, Hikone y varias más, pero si quieres saberlas todas, ¡dale al play! Luego, en Japonismo mini te contamos sobre la feria de turismo Fitur, en la que estuvimos dando una charla y anunciamos que en 2025 saldrá nuestro cuarto libro. Además, ganamos en la categoría Redes Sociales de los VIII Premios de Turismo Responsable y Sostenible por esforzarnos en descongestionar y desestacionalizar el turismo a Japón. Además, ha habido unos cuantos comentarios interesantes (hubo risas con algunas cosas del episodio de Setsubun) y, para acabar, la palabra japonesa que te traemos es cómo se dice en japonés "excursión de día", que también se usa para los onsen que visitas sin ser huésped del hotel. ¡Mata ne! ¿Quieres colaborar con el programa? - Colabora en Patreon - Únete a la Comunidad Japonismo - Reserva hoteles en Japón (y en todo el mundo) - Consigue seguro de viajes (¡no sólo para Japón!) - Busca los mejores vuelos - Lleva Internet (pocket wifi o SIM) - JR Pass para viajes ilimitados en tren ---- Continúa la conversación en: - Web: https://japonismo.com - Discord: https://discord.gg/hZrSa57 - Facebook: https://facebook.com/japonismo - Twitter: https://twitter.com/japonismo - Instagram: https://instagram.com/japonismo - Pinterest: https://pinterest.com/japonismo - Newsletter semanal: http://eepurl.com/di60Xn

Jennifer, François, and Çınla talk with Professor Kayoko Misaki, Professor of Economics at Shiga University in Hikone, Japan, about her recent book, Léon Walras's Economic Thought: The General Equilibrium Theory in Historical Perspective. 

An advisory panel to UNESCO has told the Japanese government that Hikone Castle in the western prefecture of Shiga may possibly meet a criterion for inscription on the World Cultural Heritage list, Japan's Cultural Affairs Agency said Wednesday.

Ii Naosuke foi um importante líder japonês que fez de tudo para ter suas ideias postas em prática... mesmo que isso custasse a sua vida. Neste episódio vou te contar tudo sobre essa figura marcante e controversa da história japonesa, e como foi o seu final trágico que mudou o rumo da história do país. Como de costume também vou te dizer o que visitar em Tóquio que te conte mais sobre essa história. Já adianto que tem bastante coisa, como o Portão Sakurada, o Castelo de Edo, museus, a cidade de Hikone, e por aí vai. Para contato, parcerias e sugestões você pode entrar em contato por: E-mail: passaporteprocrime@gmail.com Instagram: @andressaisfer TikTok: @andressaisfer Ouça e apoie o Passaporte pro Crime na Orelo: ⁠orelo.cc/passaporteprocrime

Can someone be an even BETTER villain than Aizen? Allow me to introduce you to Tokinada and his CONTROVERSIAL fate!!!

The Soul King and Soul Society's SUPER DARK History is REVEALED!! With some HUGE implications for the Bleach TYBW Anime!Welcome back, Bleach enthusiasts! In this electrifying episode of the Bleach Boys Podcast, we're diving deep into the twisting narrative of 'Can't Fear Your Own World' Volume 3. Get ready as we unravel the complex layers of this thrilling Bleach novel, filled with unforeseen turns and shocking revelations!

Can't Fear Your Own World fills in SO MUCH of the gaps that we're seeing in the TYBW Anime, it's INCREDIBLE!Join our discord: https://discord.gg/bgtUVfuhGkFollow us: https://twitter.com/theweebsguild https://instagram.com/theweebsguildBuy our merch: https://weebsguildstore.comhttps://weebsguild.comWelcome back to Bleach Boys as we discuss the FINAL HALF of CFYOW Volume 2!! We get the conclusion of the all-out fight with the Arrancar vs Quincy vs Fullbringer vs Hikone showdown. Kukaku hosts the greatest meeting to ever grace the soul society with over TWENTY-SIX of your favorite characters all in one room. We get Kenpachi and Grimmjow interactions, Tsukishima and Mayuri interactions, More Kukaku and Yoruichi goodness, and so much more in just that one scene. Urahara continues to be the GOAT as he makes even Tokinada wet himself, and we get TWO MAJOR cliffhangers as Tousen reveals to Aizen he does have one wish, and Shinji reveals his Bankai for the first time!!!In this episode, we're analyzing key plot points, character developments, and the novel's integration with the established Bleach lore. "Can't Fear Your Own World" introduces new dimensions to the Soul Society, delves into the complexities of the noble families, and expands on the powers and histories of fan-favorite characters like Hisagi Shūhei, Grimmjow, Kyoraku, Nel, Harribel, Shinji, Tokinada Tsunayashiro, and Hikone Ubuginu. Our discussion will cover everything from the novel's impact on the Bleach narrative to its contribution to the broader world-building of the series. Don't forget to subscribe to the Bleach Boys podcast for more in-depth analysis, theories, and discussions on all things Bleach. Share your thoughts in the comments below and join the conversation as we explore the depths of Tite Kubo's captivating world.#CFYOW #Bleach #TYBWSupport this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/bleachboys/donationsAdvertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brandsPrivacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy

«Vengan a mí todos los que están cansados y llevan cargas pesadas, y yo les daré descanso. Pónganse mi yugo. Déjenme enseñarles, porque yo soy humilde y tierno de corazón, y encontrarán descanso para el alma. Pues mi yugo es fácil de llevar y la carga que les doy es liviana». (Mateo 11:28-30 NTV). Devocional Tercera Temporada. José Carlos Guzmán desde Hikone, Japón. Martes 14 de noviembre de 2023.

«¡Quédense quietos y sepan que yo soy Dios! Toda nación me honrará. Seré honrado en el mundo entero». (Salmo 46:10 NTV). Devocional Tercera Temporada. José Carlos Guzmán desde Hikone, Japón. Jueves 9 de noviembre de 2023.

"Todos los creyentes se dedicaban a las enseñanzas de los apóstoles, a la comunión fraternal, a participar juntos en las comidas (entre ellas la Cena del Señor), y a la oración." (Hechos 2:42 NTV). Devocional Tercera Temporada. José Carlos Guzmán desde Hikone, Japón. Jueves 26 de octubre de 2023.

"Les aseguro que todo el que haya dejado casa o hermanos o hermanas o madre o padre o hijos o bienes por mi causa y por la Buena Noticia recibirá ahora a cambio cien veces más el número de casas, hermanos, hermanas, madres, hijos y bienes, junto con persecución. Y, en el mundo que vendrá, esa persona tendrá la vida eterna." (Marcos 10:29-30 NTV). Devocional Tercera Temporada. José Carlos Guzmán desde Hikone, Japón. Jueves 19 de octubre de 2023.

My Recommended One-Week Central Japan Itinerary with Amateur Traveler Podcast Learn more about Hikone and Gifu on Amateur Traveler Free Resource: ⁠T⁠⁠⁠⁠he Complete Japan Travel Guide: the 7 steps to creating your unique immersive experience⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠ Work with me: ⁠The 1:1 Japan Travel Program⁠ that helps create a personalised Japan travel itinerary in just 6 weeks ⁠The Uniquely Japan Tours⁠ through which I'll personally show you around the best of central Japan Connect with me: Join our Facebook Group: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠JAPAN EXPERTS COMMUNITY⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ to get practical travel advice from locals and experienced travellers Follow me on ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Instagram⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ and ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Facebook⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ for Japan travel inspiration

Hear about travel to Hikone and Gifu in Central Japan as the Amateur Traveler talks to Miyuki Seguchi from the Japan Experts Podcast about he home region of Japan where she is a tour guide. Why should you visit Central Japan? Miyuki says, "A lot of travelers from North America or the West when they travel to Japan, they will stay in Japan for two to three weeks, and they usually travel from the eastern part of Japan to the western part of Japan or vice versa, but most of them do not stop off at the central region especially the southern part of Gifu to the eastern part of Shiga. So this part of Japan is simply not as well known as major tourist destinations, but there are a lot of places to visit, and these places are usually less busy and easy to access by public transport. If you want to explore some unique local areas with hidden gems that give you a great idea of authentic local life." The journey begins with a visit to Hikone, a city located in the Chubu region, home to the well-preserved Hikone Castle, one of Japan's five national treasure castles. Visitors can also enjoy a boat ride on the moat surrounding the castle and explore the beautiful gardens. Additionally, Miyuki recommends a boat trip to Chikubu Island on Lake Biwa to experience the coexistence of Shinto and Buddhism. Next, the itinerary takes travelers to Sekigahara, a town known for the historic Battle of Sekigahara which changed Japan's history. Here, they can visit the Battlefield Memorial Museum to learn about the battle. Moving west, the tour arrives in Gifu City, the largest city in Gifu Prefecture. A unique highlight here is the Ukai Cormorant Fishing, a tradition dating back over 1,300 years. This fishing method involves trained cormorant birds catching fish. The fishermen have an honorary position delivering fish to the Japanese imperial family. The Nagaragawa Ukai is famous for preserving this tradition, and visitors can experience it between May and October. There's also the opportunity to visit the Ukai Cormorant Fishing Museum for deeper insights into this cultural practice. Go out at night on a boat to watch this spectacle. For accommodations, staying in a traditional ryokan is recommended, where you can try the high-quality multi-course Japanese meal called kaiseki ryori. Don't miss the chance to visit a hot spring or onsen. The next day, explore the Kawaramachi district, a historic area with traditional merchant houses. The Nagaragawa River, one of Japan's cleanest rivers, has contributed to the development of craft-making, particularly Japanese paper called washi. Climb Mt. Kinka to get a panoramic view of the region, including the Japan Alps and the city of Nagoya. The summit can be reached by cable car or a one-hour hike. In the north of Gifu, you can explore Mino and Seki cities. Seki is renowned for its sword and knife-making tradition, offering the chance to witness skilled craftsmanship. Mino is also famous for its washi paper production, and you can visit the Washinary shop for various washi products. Overall, Gifu Prefecture offers a blend of traditional culture, scenic beauty, and unique experiences. If you travel between Tokyo and Kyoto, you will pass right by. show notes - https://amateurtraveler.com/travel-to-hikone-and-gifu-japan/

Best Things to Do, Eat and Experience in My Favourite City Hikone with WeTravelThere Podcast Learn more about Hikone and WeTravelThere Podcast Find out  the details about my ⁠private tours⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ through which I will personally show you around Hikone or my home region of central Japan. Grab ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠the Complete Japan Travel Guide: the 7 steps to creating your unique immersive experience⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ for FREE! Join our Facebook Group: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠JAPAN EXPERTS COMMUNITY⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ to get practical travel advice from locals and experienced travellers! Follow me on ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Instagram⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ and ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Facebook⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ for Japan travel inspiration!

We're in Hikone, Japan, with Miyuki Seguchi of the Japan Experts Podcast. We talk about exploring the Hikone Castle, having tea in the Genkyuen Garden, and visiting Chikubu Island to learn about Shinto and Buddhist temples.  Show notes & our 1-page guide are at WeTravelThere.com/hikone Acorns invests your spare change automatically on every purchase and earns Found Money at participating retailers. It's a great way to save for travel. For a limited time, sign up at wetravelthere.com/acorns & we'll both earn $5.

How to Best Plan Rail Travel with Stephen Turner of TS Japan Rail Find out more about Steve and TS Japan Rail here. Resources mentioned in the episode: ⁠⁠⁠Should you travel by rail in Japan?⁠⁠⁠ (Podcast) | Why rail is the best way to travel around Japan (Blog) Check out my ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Japan Travel Program⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ that helps you create your unique personalised travel itinerary and complete travel planning in 6 weeks! Find the details about my ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Samurai History and Castle tours⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ through which I will personally show you around Hikone and Nagoya Castles! Grab ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠the Complete Japan Travel Guide: the 7 steps to creating your unique immersive experience⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ for FREE! Join our Facebook Group: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠JAPAN EXPERTS COMMUNITY⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ to get practical travel advice from locals and experienced travellers! Follow me on ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Instagram⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ and ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Facebook⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ for Japan travel inspiration!

Which Japanese Castle Should You Visit? Resources mentioned in the episode: ⁠⁠Japanese History 101⁠⁠ (Podcast) Find out  the details about my ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Samurai History and Castle tours⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ through which I will personally show you around Hikone and Nagoya Castles! Check out my ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Japan Travel Program⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ that helps you create your unique personalised travel itinerary and complete travel planning in 6 weeks! Grab ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠the Complete Japan Travel Guide: the 7 steps to creating your unique immersive experience⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ for FREE! Join our Facebook Group: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠JAPAN EXPERTS COMMUNITY⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ to get practical travel advice from locals and experienced travellers! Follow me on ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Instagram⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ and ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Facebook⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ for Japan travel inspiration!

This week on Krewe of Japan... Jenn & Doug sit down with Chris Carlier of Mondo Mascots to explore the wide & wacky world of Japanese Mascots. Kumamon, Domo-Kun, Chiitan and so many others... Chris shares his expertise & passion for these lovable characters through stories about how they have evolved from marketing & branding tools to international sensations and cultural ambassadors, help drive tourism for small communities, & so much more. ------ About the Krewe ------The Krewe of Japan Podcast is a weekly episodic podcast sponsored by the Japan Society of New Orleans. Check them out every Friday afternoon around noon CST on Apple, Google, Spotify, Amazon, Stitcher, or wherever you get your podcasts. Want to share your experiences with the Krewe? Or perhaps you have ideas for episodes, feedback, comments, or questions? Let the Krewe know by e-mail at kreweofjapanpodcast@gmail.com or on social media (Twitter: @kreweofjapan, Instagram:@kreweofjapanpodcast, Facebook: Krewe of Japan Podcast Page, TikTok: @kreweofjapanpodcast & the Krewe of Japan Youtube Channel). Until next time, enjoy!------ More Info on Chris Carlier (Mondo Mascots) ------Mondo Mascots on TwitterMondo Mascots on InstagramMondo Mascots Blog

En el podcast d'avuí, parlarem de les entrades del proper Manga Barcelona, i de la nostra presència a l'esdeveniment. A la tertúlia de Vidi Xuela, anirem al límit amb els oients, i direm opinions que crearan polèmica. Tot seguit, a l'Espai Japó, viatjarem fins al Castell Hikone. A continuació, Xavi Omella ens parlarà d'un casament ambientat en el manga de Doraemon. I finalment, al Tenkaichi Musical, torna Aida Deturck, versionant en exclusiva i en català, l'opening 2 de Kakegurui: "Kono yubi tomare".

DAYUM CFYOW VOLUME 2 IS DOING SOME CRAZY FIGHTS!!! We first saw Hikone go into Hueco Mundo and eff up both Quincies and Espada alike, now Grimmjow heads into Soul Society and interferes with a fight between Candice and the Fullbringers. It's getting WILD!! Join Sam, Jose, and Pithes as Pithes runs the gang through the events that occur in Can't Fear Your Own World volume 2!! We make it up to chapter 10 this episode which leaves PLENTY to discuss next week. We talk about the great 3-way fight, which Bleach song is the best, Urahara content is the best content, and so so so much more! So if you're looking for a CFYOW audiobook, want to get a recap on what happened, or just want to talk about the events this is the place for you!Join our discord: https://discord.gg/YvbhDh9rSRFollow us: https://twitter.com/theweebsguild https://instagram.com/theweebsguildShop our merch: https://weebsguildstore.comTitle: Byakuya, Yoruichi, and Tokinada's secret meeting! Nobile Families Meet!!- Talking CFYOW Volume 1 (Bleach Boys)Welcome to Bleach Boys!! The podcast where 3 friends get together and rewatch 5-10 episodes of Bleach in English Dub, and chat about what they liked, disliked, how it differed from what they remembered, and how (if at all) it relates to the upcoming Bleach anime sequel The Thousand-Year Blood War!!#Bleach #Anime #CFYOW

Kioto y Osaka tienen mucho que ver, pero también muchos sitios interesantes cerca. Te hablamos de muchos de ellos para que personalices al máximo tu viaje. Kioto y Osaka son dos ciudades geniales para descubrir (de las que tenemos episodio específico, además). Pero es que tienen muchísimos destinos interesantísimos cerca que pueden ser fabulosas excursiones de día. Entre otras, en este episodio de Japón a fondo te hablamos de: Fushimi, sake e historia samurái (pero no Fushimi Inari, que sale en episodio de Kioto). Kobe, más que el terremoto y la carne de Kobe. Uji, té verde matcha y templos que salen en monedas de 10 yenes (el Byodo-in). Nagoya, la ciudad grande más olvidada por los turistas pero con mucho que ver. Himeji, el castillo más famoso pero también jardines preciosos. Hikone, otro castillo y carne de Omi. Nara, un clásico con sus ciervos, su Gran Buda y más. Ohara, templos en las montañas de Kioto (atentos al chiste malo en el episodio). Kibune y Kurama, onsen y templos en las montañas de Kioto. Okayama, castillo y uno de los jardines más bellos. Gifu City, un castillo con vistas que quitan el sentido y pesca con cormorán. Inuyama y su precioso castillo. Hiroshima y Miyajima, dos clásicos. Amanohashidate, una de las mejores vistas de Japón. Luego hay algunos otros sitios que se podrían hacer en excursión de día (y que te contamos) pero en los que nosotros preferimos hacer noche, porque son pueblos onsen o tienen mucho que ver (Kanazawa, Kinosaki Onsen, Kaga Onsen, etc.) Y finalmente, en Japonismo mini te hablamos de nuestra presencia en Fitur, la feria de turismo que tiene lugar en Madrid (justo en este momento), donde daremos charlas y además tendremos cena con miembros de la Comunidad Japonismo.  Hablamos muy brevemente del rediseño de Japonismo, el más ambicioso desde que comenzáramos la web hace justo 16 años, así como de comentarios de oyentes. Y la palabra japonesa del episodio es ganbarimasu y sus derivadas. Ya que acaba de empezar el año, vamos a animarnos entre todos para tener fuerzas para que 2022 sea un año fabuloso. ¡Nos escuchamos la semana que viene! ¿Quieres colaborar con el programa? Colabora en Patreon Únete a la Comunidad Japonismo Reserva hoteles en Japón (y en todo el mundo) Consigue seguro de viajes (¡no sólo para Japón!) Busca los mejores vuelos Lleva Internet (pocket wifi o SIM) JR Pass para viajes ilimitados en tren ---- Continúa la conversación en: Web: https://japonismo.com Discord: https://discord.gg/hZrSa57 Facebook: https://facebook.com/japonismo Twitter: https://twitter.com/japonismo Instagram: https://instagram.com/japonismo Pinterest: https://pinterest.com/japonismo Newsletter semanal: http://eepurl.com/di60Xn

Episode 101 - Pour cette nouvelle saison je vous propose de nouveaux génériques et quelques nouveautés mais on va surtout s'attarder sur une petite balade sur le lac biwa dans deux villes qui sont de magnifiques spots à Sakura, Hikone et Omihachiman L'insta moment : https://www.instagram.com/yasuto.photography/ La boutique de la semaine : Onibus Coffee à Tokyo Le coup de coeur : Civilization 6 Retrouvez les photos et les informations supplémentaires sur la page de l'épisode : https://explorejapon.com/2020/11/24/ep-101-une-journee-a-hikone-et-omihachiman/

CLSAS Podcast host Ashley Rivenbark chats with Cheyanne about her experience as a woman in STEM studying in Japan. Guest Bio: Cheyanne Harris participated in CLS Japan in Hikone in the summer of 2015, and was a Benjamin A Gilman International Scholar and Boren Scholar in Tokyo in the fall of 2015. She received her Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering in 2017 and is currently employed as a Civil Engineer.

Irene Li (Michigan State University alum) discusses studying abroad in Japan twice, as an exchange student in high school and then as a language student in undergrad. RESOURCE LIST/BLOG for this episode: bit.ly/2uiwYRy Irene's Twitter: @irenoplasm Irene's Instagram: @irenoplasm BE A GUEST: younggiftedandabroad@gmail.com www.younggiftedandabroad.com Background music: "Ella Fitzgerald - Basin Street Blues (ProleteR tribute)" by ProleteR https://soundcloud.com/proleter-beatmaker/ella-fitzgerald-basin-street-blues-proleter-tribute "Ella FitzGerald & Count Basie - On The Sunny Side Of The Street (ProleteR Tribute)" by ProleteR https://soundcloud.com/proleter-beatmaker/ella-fitzgerald-count-basie-on-the-sunny-side-of-the-street-proleter-tribute

from Relax 2017 by Chino Yoshio

Go beyond the city of Tokyo, and experience Japanese traditional culture and history first-hand at one of the only remaining Japanese Castles. Climb the tower of the over 400-year-old castle and learn about the history as you view real Samurai swords and explore what life was like in war-torn Sengoku Japan. We bring you tips to enjoy the museum, the castle and nearby areas to their fullest, including where to eat! If you enjoy this podcast, please take a few moments to share and write a review. Thank you! >Hikone Tourism http://www.hikoneshi.com/en/ >Hikone Castle Museum http://hikone-castle-museum.jp/en/ >Kaikoku KinenKan (National Founding Memorial Hall) 開国記念館 3 Konkichō, Hikone-shi, Shiga-ken 522-0061, Japan >Yume-Kyobashi Castle Road http://www.hikoneshi.com/en/sightseeing/articles/yumekyobashi Check our twitter @realtokyoFM Send us an e-mail atrealfokyo@tfm.co.jp and we'll send you a TokyoFM World sticker！ Enjoy Tokyo！

hikone, chateau, genkyu-en, Yume Kyobashi Castle Road, hikonyan, kumamon, barii-san, maruino, ske48, request hour, Anata to Christmas Eve, janken, jurina

Day 00 - Présentation du voyage Septembre/Octobre 2013

Hear about travel to Japan on the Amateur Traveler as I relate stories from my recent trip to Tokyo, the ancient capitals of Nara and Kyoto, the castle at Hikone, the shrines and temples of Nikko and Kamakura.

Hear about travel to Japan on the Amateur Traveler as I relate stories from my recent trip to Tokyo, the ancient capitals of Nara and Kyoto, the castle at Hikone, the shrines and temples of Nikko and Kamakura.

Hear about travel to Japan on the Amateur Traveler as I relate stories from my recent trip to Tokyo, the ancient capitals of Nara and Kyoto, the castle at Hikone, the shrines and temples of Nikko and Kamakura.

  This podcast features a live set by Yuko Nexus6 in her Boston debut. It was first broadcast on August 24, 2006 on WZBC. Rare Frequency Podcast (Special Ed. 06): Yuko Nexus6 Live 08.24.06 Yuko Nexus 6 is a sound artist based in Hikone, Japan. Using a mixture of field recordings, cut-up samples, digital processing, and her own voice, Yuko creates beguiling, often slyly humorous, always wonderfully idiosyncratic sonic collages and compositions. Conscious of the unspectacular dryness of an artist in front of her computer, in performance she is constantly inventing and adding little elements like grains of sand that derail her music towards something alive and astute. She received an honorary mention in Europe's Prix Ars Electronic competition in 2003.

  This podcast features a very special live set by Bernhard Gal, i8u, and Yuko Nexus6. This was first broadcast live on Rare Frequency on WZBC 90.3FM on August 24, 2006. Rare Frequency Podcast (Special Ed. 04: Gal, i8u, Yuko Nexus6 Live 08.24.06 Austrian-born composer and sound artist Bernhard Gal creates electronic and electro-acoustic music, as well as compositions for acoustic instruments. His projects and sound installations incorporate light, objects, video projections and spatial concepts. He runs the record label Gromoga Records and is director of the Austrian art organization "sp ce". Currently, Gal divides his time between Vienna and Berlin, where he also teaches sound art at the University of Arts. France Jobin, aka i8u, is a sound / installation / web artist residing in Montreal, Canada. I8u's audio art can be qualified as sound-sculpture. It reveals powerful, opaque and complex sound environments where analog and digital meet. Her installation/web art follow a parallel path, incorporating both musical and visual elements. I8u has created solo recordings for (bake/staalplaat) (piehead) (oral) as well as collaborative works with Martin Tétreault, David Kristian and Tomas Phillips. She has been included in compilations on ATAK (Japan), bremsstrahlung (USA) and Mutek (Canada). Yuko Nexus 6 is a sound artist based in Hikone, Japan. Using a mixture of field recordings, cut-up samples, digital processing, and her own voice, Yuko creates beguiling, often slyly humorous, always wonderfully idiosyncratic sonic collages and compositions. Conscious of the unspectacular dryness of an artist in front of her computer, in performance she is constantly inventing and adding little elements like grains of sand that derail her music towards something alive and astute. She received an honorary mention in Europe's Prix Ars Electronic competition in 2003.