Podcasts about Fumi

durée : 00:26:34 - Les Midis de Culture - par : Marie Labory - Au menu du débat critique, du manga, avec "Sorcières" de Daisuke Igarashi et "Tamaki et Amane" de Fumi Yoshinaga - réalisation : Laurence Malonda - invités : Pauline Croquet Journaliste au Monde rubrique Pixels ; Fausto Fasulo Fondateur de la revue ATOM et co-directeur artistique du Festival d'Angoulême

durée : 00:14:01 - Les Midis de Culture - par : Marie Labory - Dans son nouvel album "Tamaki et Amane", la mangaka star Fumi Yoshinaga tisse un grand récit de la vie et du relationnel - réalisation : Laurence Malonda - invités : Pauline Croquet Journaliste au Monde rubrique Pixels ; Fausto Fasulo Fondateur de la revue ATOM et co-directeur artistique du Festival d'Angoulême

Fumi Tosu joins us this episode to talk about the difference between starting a new house and continuing the work of an existing community, the name of the new Portland Catholic Worker community, and how his family history has influenced his peace activism.

For ca. to år siden begyndte Philip Hildebrand at lytte til podcasten Udstødt. Han syntes i starten at jeg var et decideret fjols når jeg sad der foran en mikrofon og kritiserede Jehovas Vidner. Det er han ikke ene om. Jeg modtager i ny og næ emails, beskeder og kommentarer fra folk der synes jeg er et fjols. Det kan jeg godt leve med. Man kan ikke være venner med alle. Men måske kan dette afsnit give et lille indblik i hvad det er som podcasten kan gøre for mennesker der er et svært sted i livet, også selvom man ikke bryder sig om værten som person. Philip fortæller også om hans barndom, hvor et foto af ham som to-årig kom på forsiden af Ekstra Bladet. Vi taler også om det at være FUMI, om bladvogne og om at være i tæt kontakt med psykisk sårbare mennesker.

Last month, your host, Fumi, was invited by the United Nations (UN) in Geneva to speak before the Group of Independent Eminent Experts on the Implementation of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action (DDPA), one of the UN's most powerful moral compasses for addressing racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia, and related intolerance.In this 60th episode, listen to Fumi's presentation at the UN - she relied on the stories and reflections from #OUR_racism to create her presentation.You can find the full presentation at bit.ly/4jqFpRY (Fumi is the third speaker, and she also gives a final statement at the very end). The presentation is available in the official languages of the UN - Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanish – via simultaneous interpretation.

Dr Adam Koontz and Col Willie Grills talk about how Christianity came to Japan, why it didn't last there, and applications to evangelism to draw from it. Visit our website - A Brief History of Power Thanks to our sponsor, Gnesio Health Dr Koontz - Redeemer Lutheran Church Pr. Willie Grills - Zion Lutheran Church Music thanks to Verny

This episode we will discuss various embassies to and from Yamato during the reign of Takara Hime, with a particular focus on the embassy of 659, which occured at a particularly eventful time and happened to be extremely well-recorded fro the period by Iki no Hakatoko, who was apparently on the mission to the Tang court itself. For more, check out our blog post at: https://sengokudaimyo.com/podcast/episode-123 Rough Transcript Welcome to Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  My name is Joshua, and this is episode 123: Embassy Interrupted.   Iki no Hakatoko sat in his room, gazing out at the city.   It was truly an amazing place, filled with all kinds of people from around the world.  And yet, still, after 9 months of confinement, the place felt small.  Sure, there he hadwere visits from ranking nobles and dignitaries, but even the most lenient of house arrests was still house arrest. But that didn't mean that he had nothing to do.  There were books and more that he had access to—many that had not yet made it to the archipelago, and some of which he no doubt hoped he could bring back with him.  And of course, there was paper, brush, and ink. And then there were the experiences he and others had acquired on this mission to the Great Tang.  From the very beginning the missionit washad been plagued with disaster when they lost half of their ships and company mission to rogue winds on the open seas.  Now they were trapped because the Emperor himself wouldn't let them return home.  They had experienced and seen so much, and that provided ample material for one to catalogue. As the seasons changed, and rumors arrived that perhaps his situation would also something would change soon, Iki no Hakatoko spread out the paper on the desk in front of him, dipped his brush in the ink, and began to write.  He wrote down notes about his experiences, and what had befallen him and the others.  He had no idea who It is unclear whom he thought might read it, and if he was intending this to be an official or personal record, but he wrote it down anyway. Hakatoko He couldn't have known then that his words would eventually be captured in a much larger work, chronicling the entire history of Yamato from its very creation, nor that his would be one of the oldest such personal accounts records to be handed down.  His Itwords  wwould only survive in fragments—or perhaps his writing was simply that terse—but his words they would be preserved, in a format that was still being read over a thousand years later.     Last episode we finished up the story of Xuanzang and his Journey to the West—which is to say the Western Regions -- , and thence on to India, or Tianzhu, where he walked in the footsteps of the historical Buddha, studied the scriptures at the feet of venerable teachers, such as Silabadhra at the Great Monastery of Nalanda, and eventually wound up bringingbrought back hundreds of manuscripts to Chang'an to , which he and others be translated and disseminated, impacting Buddhist thought across East Asia.  HisXuanzang's travels lasted from around 629 to 645, and he was still teaching in Chang'an in the 650s when various student-monks from Yamato  arrived to study and learn from him, eventually bringing back his teachings to the archipelago as part of the Faxiang, or Hossou, school of Buddhism. Before that we talked about the visitors from “Tukhara” and “Sha'e” recorded in the Chronicles.  As we noted, these peopley were morest likely from the Ryukyuan islands, and the names may have been conflated with distant lands overseas – but regardless, .  Whether or not it was a mistake, this it does seem to indicated that Yamato had at least an inkling of the wider world, introduced through the continental literature that they had been importing, if not the direct interactions with individuals from the Korean peninsula and the Tang court. This episode, we're going to talk about some of the relations between Yamato and the continent, including the various embassies sent back and forth, as well as one especially detailed embassy from Yamato to the Tang Court that found itself in a bit of a pickle.  After all, what did you do, back in those days, when you were and ambassador, and your country suddenly went to war?  We'll talk about that and what happened. To reorient ourselves in time, we're in the reign of Takara Hime, called aka Kyogoku Tennou during her first reign, who had reascended to the throne in 655, following the death of her brother, Prince Karu.  The Chroniclers would dub her Saimei Tennou in her second run on the throne. From the very beginning of her second reign, Takara Hime was entertaining foreign envoys.  In 654, the Three Han of the Korean Peninsula—Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla—all sent ambassadors to express their condolence on the death of her brother, and presumably to witness her ascension.  And in the 8th month of her reign, Kawabe no Maro no Omi, along with others, returned from Chang'an.  He Kawabe no Maro no Omi had been the Chief Ambassador to the Tang on an embassy sent , traveling there in the 2nd month of the previous year.  Originally he had been He was under the command of the controlling envoy, Takamuku no Obito no Kuromaro, but Kuromaro who unfortunately died in Chang'an and so Kawabe no Mari no Omi took over his role. That same year, 655, we know that there were about 100 persons recorded in Yamato from Baekje, along with envoys of Goguryeo and Silla.  These are likely the same ones we mentioned back in episode 117 when 150 Baekje envoys were present at court along with multiple members of the Emishi. Silla, for their part, had sent to Yamato a special hostage , whom we know as something like “Mimu”, along with skilled workmen.  Unfortunately, we are told that Mimu fell ill and died.  The Chronicles are pretty sparse on what this meant, but I can't imagine it was great.  After all, the whole idea of sending a hostage to another nation was as a pledge of good behavior – the idea being that the hostage was the idea that they werewas valuable enough that the sending nation wouldn't do anything too rash.  The flip side of that is if the hostage died, Of course, if they perished, the hosting country lost any leverage—and presumably the sending nation would be none too pleased.  That said, people getting sick and passing away was hardly a hostile action, and likely just considered an unfortunate situation. The following year, in 656, we see that Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla again all sent ambassadords were all sent to offer “tribute”.  The Chronicles mention that dark purple curtains were drawn around the palace site to entertain the ambassadors—likely referring to the new palace site at Asuka no Wokamoto, which probably was not yet fully built out, yet.   We are given the name of the Goguryeo ambassador, Talsa, and associate ambassador, Ilchi,  in the 8th month, Talsa and Ilichi, with 81 total members in the Goguryeo retinueof the embassy.  In seeming response, Yamato sent an embassy was sent to Goguryeo with the likes of Kashiwade no Omi no Hatsumi as the Chief Ambassador and Sakahibe no Muraji no Iwasuki as the Associate Ambassador.  Other names mentioned include We also see the likes of Inugami no Shiromaro, Kawachi no Fumi no Obito—no personal name is given—and Ohokura no Maro.  We also see thea note in the Chronicles that Yamato ambassadors to the quote-unquote “Western Sea”—which seems to refer to the Tang court, but could possibly refer to anything from the Korean Peninsula west—returned in that same year.  The two are named as Saheki no Muraji no Takunaha and Oyamashita no Naniha no Kishi no Kunikatsu.  These are both families that were clearly involved in cross-strait relations , based on how they are frequently referenced in the Chronicles as being associated with various overseas missions.  but  However, we don't seem to have clear evidence of them when these particular individualsy leavingft on this mission.  “Kunikatsu” mightay refer to an earlier ambassador to Baekje, but the names are different, so that is largely just speculation.  In any case, Uupon their return, they are said to have brought with them a parrot.  This wasn't the first parrot the court had seen—that feathery traveler had arrived in 647, or at least that is the first parrotinstance  we have in the written record -- .  Aand that one came from Silla as part of that embassy's gifts. Continuing on, in 657, The following year there was another group of ambassadors returned coming  from the “Western Seas”, in this case coming back from—or through—Baekje.  Thisese wasere Adzumi no Muraji no Tsuratari and Tsu no Omi no Kutsuma.  The presents they brought back were, of all things:  one camel and two donkeys.  And can you imagine bringing a camel back across the sea at this point?  Even if they were using the larger ships based on continental designs, it still must have been something else to put up with a camel and donkeys onboard, animals that are not exactly known for their easy-going and compliant nature. Speaking of boats, we should probably touch on what we *think* they were usinghas been going on here.  I say *think* because we only get glimpses  of the various boats being used in the archipelago, whether from mentions in or around Yamato, archaeology, or artistic depictions, many of which came from later periods., and wSo while it is generally assumed that they the Yamato were using Tang style vessels by the 8th and 9th century, there does not appear to be clear evidence of exactly what kind of boats were being used during the early earlier periods of contact. A quick note on boat technology and navigation: while travel between the Japanese archipelago and the Korean Peninsula, and up the Yellow Sea, wasn't safe, it would have been possible with the vessels of the time.  Japan sits on the continental shelf, meaning that to the east where the shelf gives way to the Pacific Ocean with the Phillippine Sea to the south, the waters are much, much deeper than they are to the west.  In deep waters, waves are not necessarily affected by the ocean floor, meaning they can build up much more energy and require different kinds of technology to sail.  In shallower areas, such as the Sea of Japan, the Yellow Sea, the East China Sea or the Korean Straits to the west of the archipelago, there's more drag that dampens out the wave effect – it's not that these areas are uniformly shallow and calm, but they are calmer and easier to navigate in general.  Our oldest example of boats in the archipelago of any kind are dugout canoes, .  These are logs that are hollowed out  and shaped. , and tThese appear to be what Jomon era populations used to cross to the archipelago and travel between the various islands.  Though they may be considered primitive, without many of the later innovations that would increase stability and seaworthiness—something I'll touch on more a bit later—, they were clearly effective enough to populate the islands of the Ryukyuan chain and even get people and livestock, in the form of pigs, down to the Hachijo islands south of modern Tokyo.    So they weren't ineffective. Deep waters mean that the waves are not necessarily affected by the ocean floor.  Once it hits shallower water, there is more drag that affects larger waves.  This means that there can be more energy in these ocean waves.  That usually means that shallower areas tend to be more calm and easier to navigate—though there are other things that can affect that as well. We probably should note, however, that Japan sits on the edge of the continental shelf.  To the west, the seas are deep, but not nearly as deep as they are to the east, where continental shelf gives way to the Pacific ocean, with the Philippine Sea to the south.  These are much deeper waters than those of the Yellow Sea, the East China Sea, or the Korean Straits.  The Sea of Japan does have some depth to it, but even then it doesn't compare in both size and depth. Deep waters mean that the waves are not necessarily affected by the ocean floor.  Once it hits shallower water, there is more drag that affects larger waves.  This means that there can be more energy in these ocean waves.  That usually means that shallower areas tend to be more calm and easier to navigate—though there are other things that can affect that as well. All this to say that travel between the Japanese archipelago and the Korean Peninsula, and up the Yellow Sea, were all things that were likely much easier to navigate with the vessels available at the time, but that doesn't mean that it was safe. Later, we see a different type of vessel appear: .  This is a built vessel, made of multiple hewn pieces of wood.  The examples that we see show a rather square front and back that rise up, sometimes dramatically, .  There are with various protrusions on either side. We see examples of this shape , and we've seen examples in haniwa from about the 6th century, and we have some corresponding wooden pieces found around the Korean peninsula that pretty closely match the haniwa boat shapesuggest similar boats were in use there as well, .  Nnot surprising given the cultural connections.  These boats do not show examples of sails, and were likely crewed by rowers.  Descriptions of some suggest that they might be adorned with branches, jewels, mirrors, and other such things for formal occasions to identify some boats as special -- , and we even have one record of the rowers in ceremonial garb with deer antlers.  But none of this suggests more than one basic boat typevery different types of boats. In the areas of the Yellow and Yangzi rivers, area of modern China, particularly in the modern PRC, the boats we see are a little different.  They tend to be flat bottomed boats, possible evolved from  which appear to have been designed from rafts or similar .   These vessels would have evolved out of those used to transport goods and people up and down the Yellow and Yangzi rivers and their tributaries.  These boats y had developed sails, but still the boats wwere n'ot necessarily the most stable on the open ocean.  Larger boats could perhaps make their way through some of the waves, and were no doubt used throughout the Yellow Sea and similar regions.  However, for going farther abroad, we are told thatcourt chronicles note that there were other boats that were preferred: . These are sometimes called  the Kun'lun-po, or Boats of the Kunlun, or the Boats of the Dark-skinned people.  A quick dive here into how this name came to be. Originally, “Kunlun” appears to refer to a mythical mountain range, the Kunlun-shan, which may have originated in the Shan-hai-jing, the Classic of Mountains and Seas, and so may not have referred to anything specific terrestrial mountain range, ally.  Italthough the term would later attach be used to describe to the mountain chain that forms the northern edge of the Tibetan plateau, on the southern edge of the Tarim Basin. However, at some point, it seems that “Kunlun” came to refer to people -- .  Sspecifically, it came to refer to people of dark complexion, with curly hair.  There are Tang era depictions of such people, but their origin is not exactly known: it might .  It is thought that it may have have equally referred to dark-skinned individuals of African descent, or possibly referring to some of the dark-skinned people who lived in the southern seas—people like the Andamanese living on the islands west of modern Thailand or some of the people of the Malay peninsula, for example. It is these latter groups that likely were the origin, then, of the “Kun'lun-po”, referring to the ships of the south, such as those of Malay and AsutronesianAustronesian origin.  We know that from the period of at least the Northern and Southern Dynasties, and even into the early Tang, these foreign ships often , which were often plyingied the waters from trade port to trade port, and were the preferred sailing vessels for voyages to the south, where the waters could be more treacherous.  Indeed, the Malay language eventually gives us the term of their vessels as “Djong”, a term that eventually made its way into Portuguese as “Junco” and thus into English as “junk”, though this terms has since been rather broadly applied to different “Asian” style sailing vessels. So that leaves us with three ship types that the Yamato court could have been using to send these embassies back and forth to the continent: .  Were they still using their own style of native boat as seen on haniwa,, or were they adopting continental boats to their needs?   If so, were they using the flat-bottomed boats of the Tang dynasty, or the more seaworthy vessels of the foreign merchants?. Which were they using?  The general thinking is that IMost depictions I have seen of the kentoushi, the Japanese embassies to the Tang court, depict them as t is generally thought that they were probably using the more continental-style flat-bottomed, riverine vessels.  After all, they were copying so much of what the Sui and Tang courts were doing, why would they not consider these ships to likewise be superior to their own?  At least for diplomatic purposes.  I suspect that local fishermen did their own were keeping their own counsel as far as ships are concernedthing, and I also have to wonder about what got used they were using from a military standpoint for military purposes.  Certainly we see the Tang style boats used in later centuries, suggesting that these had been adopted at some earlier point, possibly by the 650s or earlier. Whatever they used, and while long-distance sailing vessels could Sailing vessels could be larger than short-distance riverine craft, this was not a luxury cruise.  , but conditions on board were not necessarily a luxury cruise.  From later accounts we know that they would really pack people into these shipspeople could be packed in.  It should be noted that individual beds and bedrooms were a luxury in much of the world, and many people probably had little more than a mat to sleep on.  Furthermore, people could be packed in tight.   Think of the size of some of these embassies, which are said to be 80 to 150 people in size.  A long, overseas journey likely meant getting quite cozy with your neighbors on the voyage.  So how much more so with a camel and two donkeys on board a vessel that was likely never meant to carry them?  Not exactly the most pleasant experience, I imagine – and this is not really any different than European sailing vessels during the later age of exploration.. So, from the records for just the first few years of Takara-hime's second reign, we see that there are lots of people going back and forth, and we have a sense of how they might be getting to and from the continent and peninsula.  Let's dive into Next, we are going to talk about one of the most heavily documented embassies to the Tang court, which set out in the 7th month of the year 659.  Not only do we get a pretty detailed account of this embassy, but we even know who wrote the account: as in our imagined intro, , as this is one of the accounts by the famous Iki no Muraji no Hakatoko, transcribed by Aston as “Yuki” no Muraji. Iki no Hakatoko's name first appears in an entry for 654, where he is quoted as giving information about the status of some of the previous embassies to the Tang court.  Thereafter, various entries are labeled as “Iki no Muraji no Hakatoko says:”, which   This would seem to indicate that these particular entries came are taken directly from another work written by Iki no Hakatoko and referred to as the “Iki Hakatoko Sho”.  Based on the quoted fragments found in the Nihon Shoki, itthis appears to be one of ourthis oldest Japanese travelogues.  It , and spends considerable time on the mission of 659, of which it would appear that Iki no Hakatoko was himself a member, though not a ranking one.  Later, Iki no Hakatoko would find himself mentioned in the Nihon Shoki directly, and he would even be an ambassador, himself. The embassy of 659 itself, as we shall see, was rather momentous.  Although it started easily enough, the embassy would be caught up in some of the most impactful events that would take place between the Tang, Yamato, and the states of the Korean peninsula. This embassy was formally under the command of Sakahibe no Muraji no Iwashiki and Tsumori no Muraji no Kiza.  It's possible In the first instance it is not clear to me if this isthat he is the same person as the previously mentioned associate envoy, Sakahibe no Iwasuki—but the kanji are different enough, and there is another Sakahibe no Kusuri who shows up between the two in the record.  However, they are both listed as envoys during the reign of Takara Hime, aka Saimei Tennou, and as we've abundantly seen, and it wouldn't be the first time that scribal error crept in. has taken place, especially if the Chroniclers were pulling from different sources. The ambassadors took a retinue with them, including members of the northern Emishi, whom they were bringing along with them to show to the Tang court.  TheThey also  embassy ttook two ships—perhaps because of the size of the retinue, but I suspect that this was also because if anything happened to the one, you still had the other.  A kind of backup plan due to the likelihood something went wrong.  And wouldn't you know it, something did go wrong.  You see, things started out fine, departing Mitsu Bay, in Naniwa, on the 3rd day of the 7th month.  They sailed through the Seto Inland Sea and stopped at Tsukushi, likely for one last resupply and to check in with the Dazai, located near modern Fukuoka, who would have been in charge of overseeing ships coming and going to the archipelago.  They departed from Ohotsu bay in Tsukushi on the 11th day of the 8th month. A quick note: Sspeedboats these were not.  Today, one can cross from Fukuoka to Busan, on the southeast corner of the Korean peninsula, in less than a day.  The envoys, however, were taking their time.  They may have even stopped at the islands of Iki and Tsushima on their way.  By the 13th day of the 9th month—over a month from leaving Kyushu behind -- , the  ships finally came to an island along the southern border of Yamato's ally, Baekje.  Hakatoko does not recall the name of the island, but o On the following morning, around 4 AM, so just before sunrise, the two ships put out to sea together to cross the ocean, heading south, towards the mouth of the Yangzi river.  Unfortunately, the following day, the ship Iwashiki was on met with a contrary wind, and was driven away from the other ship – with nothing known of its fate until some time afterwards.  Meanwhile, the other ship, under the command of Tsumori no Muraji no Kiza, continued on and by midnight on the 16th day, it arrived at Mt. Xuan near Kuaiji Commandary in the Yue district, in modern Zhejiang.  Suddenly a violent northeast wind blew up, and p.  Tthey were saileding another 7 days before they finally arrived at Yuyao.  Today, this is part of the city of Ningbo, at the mouth of the Qiantang river, south of Shanghai and considered a part of the Yangzi Delta Region.  This area has been inhabited since at least 6300 years ago, and it has long been a trade port, especially with the creation of the Grand Canal connecting between the Yangzi and the Yellow River, which would have allowed transshipment of goods to both regions. The now half-size Yamato contingenty  left their ship at Yuyao and disembarked, and made their way to Yuezhou, the capital of the Kuaiji Commandary.  This took them a bit of time—a little over a month.  Presumably this was because of paperwork and logistics: they probably because they had to send word ahead, and I suspect they had to inventory everything they brought and negotiate carts and transportationfigure out transportation., since   Tthey didn't exactly have bags of holding to stuff it all in, so they probably needed to negotiate carts and transportation.  The finally made it to Yuezhou on the first day of the 11th intercalary month.  An “intercalary” month refers to an extra month in a year.  It was determined by various calculations and was added to keep the lunar and solar years in relative synch. From Yuezhou, things went a bit more quickly, as they were placed on post-horses up to the Eastern Capital, or Luoyang, where the Emperor Tang Gaozong was in residence.   The Tang kept a capital at Luoyang and another to the west, in Chang'an.  The trip to Luoyang was long—over 1,000 kilometers, or 1 megameter, as it were.  The trip first took them through the Southern Capital, meaning the area of modern Nanjing, which they entered on the 15th day of the month.  They then continued onwards, reaching Luoyang on the 29th day of the 11th month.  The following day, on the 30th day of the 11th intercalary month of the year 659, the Yamato envoys were granted an audience with Emperor Tang Gaozong.  As was proper, he inquired about the health of their sovereign, Takara Hime, and the envoys reported that she was doing well.  He asked other questions about how the officials were doing and whether there was peace in Yamato.  The envoys all responded affirmatively, assuring him that Yamato was at peace. Tang Gaozong also asked about the Emishi they had brought with them.  We mentioned this event previously, back in Episode XXX117 , how the Emishi had been shown to the Tang Emperor, and how they had described them for him.  This is actually one of the earliest accounts that we have describing the Emishi from the Yamato point of view, rather than just naming them—presumably because everyone in Yamato already knew who they were.  From a diplomatic perspective, of course, this was no doubt Yamato demonstrating how they were, in many ways, an Empire, similar to the Tang, with their own subordinate ethnicities and “barbarians”. After answering all of the emperor's questions, the audience was concluded.  The following day, however, was something of its own. This was the first day of the regular 11th lunar month, and it also was the celebration of the Winter Solstice—so though it was the 11th month, it may have been about 22 December according to our modern western calendars.  The envoys once again met with the emperor, and they were treated as distinguished guests—at least according to their own records of it.  Unfortunately, during the festivities, it seems that a fire broke out, creating some confusion, and .  Tthe matters of the diplomatic mission were put on hold while all of that went on. We don't know exactly what happened in the ensuing month.  Presumably the envoys took in the sites of the city, may have visited various monasteries, and likely got to know the movers and shakers in the court, who likely would have wined and dined them, inviting them to various gatherings, as since they brought their own exotic culture and experiences to the Tang court. Unfortunately, things apparently turned sour.  First off, it seems clear that the members of this embassyy weren't the only Japanese in the court.  There may have been various merchants, of course, but and we definitely know that there were students who had come on other missions and were still there likely still studying, such as those who had been learning from studying with Master Xuanzang, whose journeys we mentioned in the last several episodes.  But Wwe are given a very specific name of a troublemaker, however:  Kawachi no Aya no Ohomaro, and we are told that he was aa servant of Han Chihung, who .  Han Chihung, himself, is thought to have possiblymay have been of mixed ethnicity—both Japanese and ethnic Han, and may .  Hhe may have traveled to the Tang court on or around 653. , based on some of the records, but it isn't entirely clear. For whatever reason, on the 3rd day of the 12th month of the year 659, Kawachi no Aya no Ohomaro slandered the envoys, and although .  Wwe don't know exactly what he said, but the Tang court caught wind of the accusations and found the envoys guilty.  They were condemned to banishment, until the author of our tale, none other than Iki no Hakatoko himself, stepped up, .  He made representation to the Emperor, pleading against the slander.  , and tThe punishment was remitted, .  Sso they were no longer banished.  However, they were also then told that they could no't return home.  You see, the Tang court was in the middle of some sensitive military operations in the lands east of the sea—in other words they were working with Silla to and invadeing the Kingdom of Baekje.  Since Yamato was an ally of Baekje, it would be inconvenient if the envoys were to return home and rally Yamato to Baekje's defense. And so the entire Yamato embassy was moved to the Western Capital, Chang'an, where they were placed under individual house arrest.  They no doubt were treated well, but they were not allowed to leave, and .  Tthey ended up spending the next year in this state. of house arrest. Unfortunately, we don't have a record of just how they passed their time in Chang'an.  They likely studied, and were probably visited by nobles and others.  They weren't allowed to leave, but they weren't exactly thrown in jail, either.  After all, they were foreign emissaries, and though the Tang might be at war with their ally, there was no formal declaration of war with Yamato, as far as I can make out.  And so the embassy just sat there, for about 9 months. Finally, in the 7th month of 660, the records tell us we are told thatthat tThe Tang and Silla forces had been successful: .  Baekje was destroyed..  The Tang and Silla forces had been successful.   News must have reached Chang'an a month later, as Iki Hakatoko writes that this occurred in the 8th month of the year 660.  With the Tang special military operation on the Korean peninsula concluded, they released the envoys and allowed them to return to their own countries.  They envoys began their preparations as of the 12th day of the 9th month, no doubt eager to return home, and left were leaving Chang'an a week later, on the 19th day of the 9th month.  From there, it took them almost a month to reach Luoyang, arriving on the 16th day of the 10th month, and here they were greeted with more good news, for here it was that they met up once again with those members of their delegation who had been blown off course. As you may remember, the ship carrying Iwashiki was blown off-course on the 15th day of the 9th month in the year 659, shortly after setting out from the Korean peninsula.  The two ships had lost contact and Tsumori no Muraji no Kiza and his ship had been the one that had continued on.   Iwashiki and those with him, however, found themselves at the mercy of the contrary winds and eventually came ashore at an island in the Southern Sea, which Aston translates as “Erh-kia-wei”.   There appears to be at least some suggestion that this was an island in the Ryukyuan chain, possibly the island of Kikai.  There, local islanders, none too happy about these foreigners crashing into their beach, destroyed the ship, and presumably attacked the embassy.  Several members, including Yamato no Aya no Wosa no Atahe no Arima (yeah, that *is* a mouthful), Sakahibe no Muraji no Inadzumi (perhaps a relative of Iwashiki) and others all stole a local ship and made their way off the island.  They eventually made landfall at a Kuazhou, southeast of Lishui City in modern Zhejiang province, where they met with local officials of the Tang government, who then sent them under escort to the capital at Luoyang.  Once there, they were probably held in a similar state of house arrest, due to the invasion of Baekje, but they met back up with Kiza and Hakatoko's party. The envoys, now reunited, hung out in Luoyang for a bit longer, and thus .  Thus it was on the first day of the 11th month of 660 that they witnessed war captives being brought to the capital.  This included 13 royal persons of Baekje, from the King on down to the Crown Prince and various nobles, including the PRimiePrime Minister, as well as 37 other persons of lower rank—50 people all told.  TheThese captives y were delivered up to the Tang government and led before the emperor.  Of course, with the war concluded, and Baekje no longer a functioning state, while he could have had them executed, Tang Gaozong instead released them, demonstrating a certain amount of magnanimity.  The Yamato envoys remained in Luoyang for most of the month.  On the 19th, they had another audience with the emperor, who bestowed on them various gifts and presents, and then five days later they departed the Luoyang, and began the trek back to the archipelago in earnest. By the 25th day of the first month of 661, the envoys arrived back at Yuezhou, head of the Kuaiji Commandery.  They stayed there for another couple of months, possibly waiting for the right time, as crossing the sea at in the wrong season could be disastrous.  They finally departed east from Yuezhou on the first day of the fourth month, coming to .  They came to Mt. Cheng-an 6 days later, on the 7th, and set out to sea first thing in the morning on the 8th.  They had a southwest wind initially in their favor, but they lost their way in the open ocean, an all too commonall-too-common problem without modern navigational aids.  Fortunately, the favorable winds had carried them far enough that only a day later they made landfall on the island of Tamna, aka Jeju island. Jeju island was, at this point, its own independent kingdom, situated off the southern coast of the Korean peninsula.  Dr. Alexander Vovin suggested that the name “Tamna” may have been a corruption of a Japonic or proto-Japonic name: Tanimura.  The island was apparently quite strange to the Yamato embassy, and they met with various residents natives of Jeju island.  They, even convincinged Prince Aphaki and eight other men of the island to come with them to be presented at the Yamato court. The rest of their journey took a little over a month.  They finally arrived back in Yamato on the 23rd day of the fifth month of 661.  They had been gone for approximately two years, and a lot had changed, especially with the destruction of Baekje.  The Yamato court had already learned of what had happened and was in the process of drawing up plans for an expedition back to the Korean peninsula to restore the Baekje kingdom, and pPrince Naka no Oe himself was set to lead the troops. The icing on the cake was: Tthe reception that the envoys received upon their return was rather cold.  Apparently they were had been slandered to the Yamato court by another follower of Han Chihung—Yamato no Aya no Atahe no Tarushima—and so they weren't met with any fanfare.  We still don't know what it was that Tarsuhima was saying—possibly he had gotten letters from Chihung or Ohomaro and was simply repeating what they had said. Either way, the envoys were sick of it.  They had traveled all the way to the Tang capitals, they had been placed under house arrest for a year, and now they had returned.  They not only had gifts from the Tang emperor, but they were also bringing the first ever embassy from the Kingdom of Tamna along with them.  The slander would not stand.  And so they did what anyone would do at the time:  They apparently appealed to the Kami.  We are told that their anger reached to the Gods of the High Heaven, which is to say the kami of Takamanohara, who killed Tarushima with a thunderbolt.  Which I guess was one way to shut him up. From what we can tell, the embassy was eventually considered a success.  Iki no Hakatoko's star would rise—and fall—and rise again in the court circles.  As I noted, his account of this embassy is really one of the best and most in depth that we have from this time.  It lets us see the relative route that the envoys were taking—the Chronicles in particular note that they traveled to the Great Tang of Wu, and, sure enough, they had set out along the southern route to the old Wu capital, rather than trying to cross the Bohai Sea and make landfall by the Shandong peninsula or at the mouth of the Yellow River.  From there they traveled through Nanjing—the southern “capital” likely referring, in this instance, to the old Wu capital—and then to Luoyang.  Though they stayed there much longer than they had anticipated, they ended up living there through some of the most impactful events that occurred during this point in Northeast Asia.  they And that is something we will touch on next episode.  Until then, thank you once again for listening and for all of your support. If you like what we are doing, please tell your friends and feel free to rate us wherever you listen to podcasts.  If you feel the need to do more, and want to help us keep this going, we have information about how you can donate on Patreon or through our KoFi site, ko-fi.com/sengokudaimyo, or find the links over at our main website,  SengokuDaimyo.com/Podcast, where we will have some more discussion on topics from this episode. Also, feel free to reach out to our Sengoku Daimyo Facebook page.  You can also email us at the.sengoku.daimyo@gmail.com.  Thank you, also, to Ellen for their work editing the podcast. And that's all for now.  Thank you again, and I'll see you next episode on Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan

the sponsor today is betterhelp. Save 10% at betterhelp.com/aitapodI'm joined by stand-up Fumi Abe and returning to the show, Tori Piskin (everyone's fave ginger). Follow Fumi: https://www.instagram.com/thefumiabe/Follow Tori: https://www.instagram.com/toripiskin/Personal stories(0:00) - I was HIT BY A CAR(15:36) - Fumi heard a rumor about a GF who slept with a famous musician(26:02) - Tori is a psycho stalkerSituations(37:12) - My girlfriend called me brother while having sex? (46:31) - AITA for dipping lasagna in hot sauce?(1:01:38) - AITA for not informing my dad when we run out of milk?BEST way to Submit a sitch or comment: https://www.reddit.com/r/AITApod/Email - amitheahole@gmail.com Join Patreon! https://patreon.com/aitapodWhat's on Patreon?- 250+ Bonus eps- NO ADS and accurate timestamps- Discord with awesome communityTikTok - https://www.tiktok.com/@aitapodInstagram - https://www.instagram.com/aita_pod/

For this episode I interview Kehinde and Fumi, and PJ and Coretta at The Village of Riverside Glen. Kehinde is a nurse, Fumi is a PSW/Med Cert, PJ is a Recreation Team member, and Coretta is a PSW. They share with me their respective journeys from their home countries of Nigeria and Kenya, acclimating to the dramatically different weather while settling in with their families, as well as navigating the challenge of getting jobs and education here, as many of their incredible skills and accreditations from their home countries aren't recognized here in Canada. They also share some of their goals for the future, and their favourite parts of working at Riverside Glen. Thank you to Kehinde, Fumi, PJ and Coretta for sharing your stories!This interview was originally recorded on February 18th, 2025 This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit bridgingthesocialdistance.substack.com

En Cierre de Mercados hablamos con FUMI HOGAR, Premio PYME del año 2024 de Málaga, un galardón que conceden el Banco Santander en colaboración con la Cámara de Comercio de España. El jurado, a la hora de conceder este premio a Fumi Hogar, ha valorado su proceso de internacionalización, que desde hace años mantiene en constante crecimiento, así como su aportación a la creación de empleo, su capacidad innovadora y su adaptación a los nuevos procesos de digitalización, su implicación y su labor social. En Cierre de Mercados entrevistamos a Carlos Cintora, CEO de Fumi-Hogar, que nos cuenta los orígenes de esta empresa familiar que cumple 58 años y cuáles son sus retos para 2025. HISTORIA Y ORÍGENES Fumi-Hogar nace en Málaga en 1967 de la mano de su fundador D. Antonio Cintora Gil para dar servicio al incipiente sector de profesionales del DDD (Desinfección, Desinsectación y Desratización), como empresa formuladora de insecticidas y con un producto muy particular que todavía hoy sigue siendo imprescindible en el arsenal de todo aplicador de biocidas moderno como es el FumiGol Humo Insecticida. Desde entonces, más de 50 años han transcurrido ya, tiempo en el que Fumi-Hogar ha mantenido la tecnología de fabricación de botes fumígenos autónomos y predosificados como seña propia de identidad y que muy pocas compañías a nivel mundial son capaces de formular con la adecuada garantía de calidad. En la actualidad, Fumi-Hogar produce botes fumígenos INSECTICIDAS, BACTERICIDAS, FUNGICIDAS, VIRICIDAS, BIOESTIMULANTES y MEJORANTES AMBIENTALES basados en todo tipo de moléculas activas, tanto químicas como naturales, para ser usados en espacios cerrados en infinidad de casos de control biocida o aporte de activos en locales o invernaderos. FUMIGOL, UN SIGLO DE EXISTENCIA Fumigol es hoy día una marca mítica en el mundo de los insecticidas por todo el mundo. Ha estado protegiendo hogares y espacios comerciales desde su nacimiento en 1924. Desde entonces, ha sido sinónimo de calidad y eficacia en la erradicación de insectos no deseados. Desde sus humildes comienzos, cuando se lanzó por primera vez al mercado español como “Insecticida líquido. Producto nacional”, fue una solución revolucionaria para combatir plagas y ha sido un líder indiscutible en su campo. Su fórmula única y su efectividad probada lo han convertido en la opción preferida de los profesionales y consumidores durante más de un siglo. La historia de Fumigol está marcada por la innovación y el compromiso con la excelencia. A lo largo de los años, ha evolucionado con los avances científicos y tecnológicos, adaptando su formulación para garantizar resultados óptimos y mantener su posición como líder del mercado. En 1967, Fumigol tomó un nuevo rumbo cuando fue adquirido por Fumi-Hogar, una empresa visionaria fundada por Antonio Cintora Gil. Bajo su liderazgo, Fumi-Hogar llevó al Fumigol Humo Insecticida a nuevas alturas, expandiendo su alcance y consolidando su reputación como una marca confiable y efectiva en la lucha contra las plagas a nivel internacional. Desde entonces, y ya han pasado 57 años, ha seguido siendo una fuerza dominante en el mercado de los insecticidas, no sólo en España sino en innumerables países de los 5 continentes siendo el producto estrella de Fumi-Hogar y ofreciendo su garantía  de contrastada calidad para el resto de soluciones innovadoras y eficaces que han surgido por parte de Fumi-Hogar a lo largo de estos años

Hello, wrestling fans! It's time for Episode #152 of Shut Up and Wrestle, with Brian R. Solomon! This week, Brian welcomes leading Japanese wrestling historian Fumi Saito to the show! Brian and Fumi's conversation focuses on a little-discussed topic: Gorilla Monsoon's wrestling career in Japan, and the significance of Japan to his legacy. Plus there's … Continue reading Episode 152: Fumi Saito → The post Episode 152: Fumi Saito appeared first on Shut Up And Wrestle with Brian Solomon.

This week we’re introducing you to Cash Cuties - where each week Comedian Fumi Abe and Steffie Baik analyze their friends’ credit statements and judge their spending habits - with love. In this episode, actor Chinedu Unaka (HBO’s Insecure, Abbot Elementary) dropped by the pod to talk about how you can actually save money by breaking a bunch of traffic laws, his sagacious approach to poker, and how to ensure your kids get money from their rich uncles/aunties. If you love this episode and want to hear more from Fumi, check out Cash Cuties wherever you get your podcasts. He has some upcoming tour dates:Chandler, AZ 1/18Dallas, TX 4/4/ & 4/5 For more dates and tickets check out fumiabe.comSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

LA-based comedian/writer Fumi Abe is in town this week just to see Maddy and Allie in the Mad House!!! JK he probably had meetings. REGARDLESS, we had a freakinggg blast - his laugh/energy is soy contagious!!! Fumi talks about moving to the midwest from Japan at age 4, why Americans should be slurping their foods, what it's like to work as a writer for late night, and more! Plus, stay tuned for our hotline about a date at the Grateful Dead concert that went wrong... Call the FUPA Hotline: (347) 480-9006Follow Fumi:https://www.instagram.com/thefumiabe/?hl=enFollow Allie:https://www.instagram.com/defaultprogrammer/?hl=enFollow Maddy:https://www.instagram.com/somaddysmith/?hl=enhttps://www.tiktok.com/@somaddysmith?lang=enAll tour dates: https://maddysmithcomedy.com/Want more Mad House??Go to https://gasdigitalnetwork.com/ to subscribe!Use promo code MAD to save big on your membership :)Get early access to our weekly episodes on Tuesdays, along with EXCLUSIVE episodes every Thursday.UPCOMING STAND UP DATES:11/13 NEW YORK, NY11/15-11/16 HOUSTON, TX11/22-11/23 BERNALILLO, NMProducer: Caroline MazzeiProducer: Ryan DellacagnaEditor: Michael KesselerSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

On this episode we return to the world of Fumi Yoshinaga's Ooku: The Inner Chambers! We discuss the end of the Redface Pox vaccination arc! We also talk about physical media, Ookiku Nattara Onnanoko, Lorn's Lure, and more!!! Send us emails! mangamachinations@gmail.com  Follow us on Twitter! @mangamacpodcast Check out our website! https://mangamachinations.com Check out our YouTube channel! https://www.youtube.com/mangamactv Check out our new commentary channel! https://www.youtube.com/@MangaMacWatches Timestamps: Intro - 00:00:00 Listener Question - 00:03:54 Darfox on Soju Wanna Read Manhwa - 00:14:06 Beetlejuice - 00:15:39 Ookiku Nattara Onnanoko - 00:18:23 Lorn's Lure - 00:29:51 Next Episode Preview - 00:33:38 Ooku: The Inner Chambers - 00:34:04 Outro - 01:10:54 Songs Credits: “Kumiko” by Roie Shpigler “Slappy” by Ido Maimon “Reflection” by Aves “Psychedelic Funkadelic” by Evert Z

On this episode we talk about anime remakes, Isekai Mou Kaeritai, Kufuku na Bokura, and more! Then we continue to trek into Fumi Yoshinaga's Ooku: The Inner Chambers as we catch up to the reign of the 8th Shogun Yoshimune!!! Send us emails! mangamachinations@gmail.com  Follow us on Twitter! @mangamacpodcast Check out our website! https://mangamachinations.com Check out our YouTube channel! https://www.youtube.com/mangamactv Check out our new commentary channel! https://www.youtube.com/@MangaMacWatches Timestamps: Intro - 00:00:00 Listener Question - 00:04:24 Isekai Mou Kaeritai - 00:23:04 *CONTENT WARNING* Kufuku na Bokura - 00:26:18 Next Episode Preview - 00:35:26 Ooku: The Inner Chambers - 00:36:31 Outro - 01:18:07 Songs Credits: “Kumiko” by Roie Shpigler “Slappy” by Ido Maimon “Reflection” by Aves “Psychedelic Funkadelic” by Evert Z

This week, we talk about Hell is Dark with No Flowers, Secret Steward, Shin Kamen Rider, Amakute Karakute Suppai, and more! Then we continue to crawl through the annals of Fumi Yoshinaga's alternate Edo period Japan, with more Ooku: The Inner Chambers!!! Send us emails! mangamachinations@gmail.com  Follow us on Twitter! @mangamacpodcast Check out our website! https://mangamachinations.com Check out our YouTube channel! https://www.youtube.com/mangamactv Check out our new commentary channel! https://www.youtube.com/@MangaMacWatches Timestamps: Intro - 00:00:00 Listener Question - 00:04:05 Hell is Dark with No Flowers - 00:10:42 The Boys - 00:15:23 Secret Steward - 00:18:34 Amakute Karakute Suppai - 00:22:20 Shin Kamen Rider - 00:25:53 Next Episode Preview - 00:31:39 Ooku: The Inner Chambers - 00:31:53 Outro - 01:31:39 Songs Credits: "Kumiko" by Roie Shpigler “Slappy” by Ido Maimon "Reflection" by Aves “Psychedelic Funkadelic” by Evert Z

It's May, which means it's time to celebrate! Not only is it Kulap's birthday month, it's also Asian American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month — and we're kicking it off with a couple of cuties! Fumi Abe and Steffie Baik, hosts of the invasively personal financial podcast “Cash Cuties”, come with carts full of products they can't seem to commit to yet. Will Steffie finally order the chutney she's been chasing for years, shipping costs be damned? Will Fumi ever have the right gear to smoke like an adult? Listen to find out!Please note, Add To Cart contains mature themes and may not be appropriate for all listeners. To see all products mentioned in this episode, head to @addtocartpod on Instagram. To purchase any of the products, see below. Fumi is pimping out his Toyota Prius with the Enkei ENKRPF Silver Wheel He's upgrading his Mary Jane experience with this rolling tray storage box He's not quite there yet on this Marley Natural Walnut and Glass Spoon PipeFumi's also on the fence about the Tramontina Aluminum Nonstick, Su's go-to frying pan is the T-fal Initiatives Nonstick setSteffie has been thinking about the Mackays' Caramelised Red Onion Chutney for ten yearsGet that post-facial glow with the Chanel Baume Essential Glow Stick Steffie fears the ComfySure Pregnancy Pillow will be an addiction Los Angeles area listeners, click here to RSVP for our first ever live show! Stay up to date with us on Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram at @LemonadaMedia. Joining Lemonada Premium is a great way to support our show and get bonus content. Subscribe today at bit.ly/lemonadapremium. Click this link for a list of current sponsors and discount codes for this show and all Lemonada shows: lemonadamedia.com/sponsorsSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Welcome to our long awaited Retrospective on Ooku: The Inner Chambers! We're starting our full review of Fumi Yoshinaga's alternate Japanese history manga where the Edo era shoguns were women! We also discuss The Ghost in the Shell, NoName, and more!!! Send us emails! mangamachinations@gmail.com  Follow us on Twitter! @mangamacpodcast Check out our website! https://mangamachinations.com Check out our YouTube channel! https://www.youtube.com/mangamactv Check out our new commentary channel! https://www.youtube.com/@MangaMacWatches Timestamps: Intro - 00:00:00 Listener Question - 00:02:56 The Ghost in the Shell - 00:12:52 My Brain is Different: Stories of ADHD and Other Developmental Disorders - 00:23:12 NoName - 00:25:22 Batman: Caped Crusader - 00:42:32 Next Episode Preview - 00:49:38 Ooku: The Inner Chambers - 00:49:57 Outro - 02:04:08 Songs Credits: "Kumiko" by Roie Shpigler “Slappy” by Ido Maimon "Reflection" by Aves “Psychedelic Funkadelic” by Evert Z

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Ito-koku and Na-koku were the next two countries on the path of the Wei envoys noted in the Gishiwajinden.  They likely refer to the areas known today as Itoshima and Fukuoka, so what do we know about these places in the Yayoi period, and how is it that by the 3rd century Yamato seemed to have taken the foremost position on the archipelago and not one of these other countries, where wet paddy rice agriculture and other continental technologies first arrived in the archipelago. For more see our podcast blog post at: https://sengokudaimyo.com/podcast/itoandna Rough Transcript Welcome to Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  My name is Joshua, and this is Gishiwajinden Part Five: Ito-koku and Na-koku This episode we are finishing up our Gishiwajinden Tour, focusing on our journey to Ito-koku and Na-koku, or modern day Itoshima and Fukuoka. We'll talk about what we know from the records of these two areas in the Yayoi and early Kofun periods, and then look at some of the later history, with the development of the Dazaifu, the build up of Hakata and Fukuoka, and more.  A key thread through all of this will be our discussion about why it was Yamato, and not these early states, who eventually became paramount.  If this is where things like wet paddy rice agriculture started, and they had such close ties to the continent, including sending a mission to the Han dynasty, why did the political center shift over to Yamato, instead?  It is certainly something to wonder about, and without anything written down by the elites of Na and Ito we can only really guess based on what we see in the histories and the archaeological record. We ended our tour in Na for a reason: while the Gishiwajinden—the Japanese section of the Wei Chronicles—describes the trip from the continent all the way to Yamatai, the locations beyond Na are largely conjecture.  Did ancient travelers continue from Na along the Japan Sea coast up to Izumo and then travel down somewhere between Izumo and Tsuruga to the Nara Basin?  Or did they travel the Inland Sea Route, with its calmer waters but greater susceptibility to pirates that could hide amongst the various islands and coves?  Or was Yamatai on the island of Kyushu, and perhaps the name just happens to sound similar to the Yamato of Nara?  Unfortunately, the Wei Chronicles have more than a few problems with accuracy, including problems with directions, meaning that at most we have some confidence in the locations out to “Na”, but beyond that it gets more complicated.  And even “Na” has some questions, but we'll get to that later. Unlike the other points on our journey, we didn't stay overnight at “Ito-koku”, , and we only briefly stayed at Na—modern Fukuoka, but I'll still try to give an account of what was going on in both places, and drawing on some past visits to the area to fill in the gaps for you.   Both the Na and Ito sites are believed to be in the modern Fukuoka prefecture, in Itoshima and Fukuoka cities.  Fukuoka prefecture itself actually spans all the way up to the Shimonoseki straits and includes the old territory of Tsukushi—Chikuzen and Chikugo—as well as the westernmost part of Buzen, the “closer” part of the old land of “Toyo” on the Seto Inland Sea side of Kyushu.  When it comes to locating the country of Ito-koku, we have lots of clues from current place names.  The modern Itoshima peninsula, which, in old records, was known as the country of Ito, and was later divided into the districts of Ito and Shima.  Shima district, at the end of the peninsula, may have once been an island—or nearly so.  It is thought that there was a waterway between the two areas, stretching from Funakoshi bay in the south to Imazu Bay, in the north, in Fukuoka proper.  Over time this area was filled in with deposits from the local rivers, making it perfect for the Yayoi style wet rice paddy agriculture that was the hallmark of the growth in that period.  And indeed there are certainly plenty of Yayoi and Kofun era ruins in the area, especially in eastern reaches of the modern city of Itoshima, which reside in the valley that backs up to Mt. Raizan.  There you can find the Ito-koku History Museum, which tells much of the story of Ito. The Weizhi, or the Wei Chronicles, note that Ito-koku had roughly a thousand households, with various officials under their own Queen, making it one of the few Wa countries that the Chroniclers specifically noted as being a “kingdom”, though still under the nominal hegemony of the queen of Yamatai or Yamateg.  If you continue eastward along the coast from Itoshima, you next hit Nishi-ku, the Western Ward, of modern Fukuoka city, which now continues to sprawl around Hakata Bay.  Nishi-ku itself used to also be known as “Ito”, though spelled slightly differently, and you can still find Ito Shrine in the area. So was this part of Ito-koku also? It's very possible.   Na-koku, or the country of Na, was probably on the eastern edge of modern Fukuoka, perhaps around the area known as Hakata down to modern Kasuga.  Much like in Karatsu, this area features some of the earliest rice fields ever found in Japan – in this case, in the Itazuke neighborhood, just south of Fukuoka airport.  The land here is mostly flat, alluvial plains, formed by the rivers that empty out into Hakata Bay, another great area for early rice agriculture. Locating the country of Na is interesting for several reasons.  For one, unlike all of the other Wei Chronicles sites we've mentioned, there is no clear surviving placename that obviously matches up between “Na” and the local area.  It is a short enough name that it may simply be difficult to distinguish which “Na” is meant, though there is a “Naka” district in Kasuga that may show some promise.  There certainly is evidence for a sizeable settlement, but that's much more tenuous than the placenames for other areas, which remained largely in use in some form up to the modern day, it would seem. The name “Na” shows up in more than just the Weizhi, and it is also mentiond in the Houhan-shu, or the Record of the Later Han, a work compiled later than the Weizhi, but using older records from the Late Han dynasty period.  There it is asserted that the country of Na was one of the 99 some-odd countries of Wa, and they sent an embassy to the Later Han court, where they received a gold seal made out to the “King of Na of Wa”.  We talked about this in Episode 10: The Islands of the Immortals: That seal, made of gold, was seemingly found in the Edo period—1784, to be precise.  A farmer claimed to have found it on Shika island, in Hakata Bay, which is quite prominent, and connected to the mainland with a periodically-submerged causeway.  The description of the find—in a box made up of stones, with a large stone on top that required at least two men to move it—seems like it could have been an old burial of some kind.  The island certainly makes sense as an elite burial site, overlooking Hakata Bay, which was likely an important feature of the lifeways of the community.  While there have been questions about the authenticity of the seal, if it is a forgery, it is quite well done.  It looks similar to other Han era seals, and we don't really have a way to date the gold it is made of.  Without the actual context we can't be quite sure. This certainly seems like pretty strong evidence of the country of Na in this area, somewhere – probably not on the island itself, then close by.So unless something else comes along, I think we can say that this is at least the vicinity of the old country of Na.  Okay, so now that we've talked in general about where these two places were, let's go back and look at them in more detail. The Ito-koku site is just up the coast from where we stayed for Matsuro-koku, in Karatsu, which all makes sense from the position of the Chronicles in that it says the early envoys traveled overland from one place to the other.  Of course it also says they traveled southeast, which is not correct as the route is actually northeast.  However, they had traveled southeast from the Korean peninsula to Tsushima and then Iki and Matsuro, so that direction was well established, and this is an easy enough error that could have been made by the actual envoys or by later scribes, as it would be a one character difference. For Ito-koku, as with Matsuro-koku, we have no large, reconstructed sites similar to Harunotsuji on Iki or Yoshinogari, further inland in Saga prefecture, where we have an entire, large, so-called “kingly” settlement.  There is evidence of settlements, though, both near the major burial sites as well as around the peninsula.  And as for those burial sites, well, Ito has a few, and they aren't merely important because of their size.  Size is often an indication of the amount of labor that a leader must have been able to mobilize, and so it can be used to get a general sense of the power that a given leader or system was able to wield, as they could presumably turn that labor to other users as well. However, it is also important to look at other factors, like burial goods. What kind of elite material was the community giving up and placing with the deceased? That is the case with the first site we'll discuss, the Hirabaru burial mound.  At first glance it isn't much—a relatively unassuming square mound, about 12 by 14 meters, and less than 2 meters in height.  It was discovered in 1965 by a farmer who started digging a trench to plant an orchard and started pulling up broken pieces of a bronze mirror, one of the first clues that this was someone important.  They later found various post holes around the site, suggesting that it was more than just an earthen mound, and as they excavated the site they found pottery, beads, mirrors, and more. Let's start with those post-holes.  It looks like there was at least one large pillar set up due east of the burial.  We don't know how tall it was, but it was likely of some height given the size of the pillar hole—I've seen some estimates that it could have been up to 70 meters tall.  A tall pole would have provided visibility, and it may also be significant that it was east, in the direction of the rising sun.  We know that the ancient Wa had a particular connection with the sun, and this may be further evidence of that.  There are other holes that may be a gate, and possible a storehouse nearby, presumably for various ritual items, etc.  Suddenly, even without knowing exactly what was there, we start to see a picture of a large, manmade complex that seems to be centered on this burial and whomever is there. On top of that, there was a mirror in the tomb that was larger than any other ever found in Japan at that time—certainly the largest round mirror of that period.  It is not one of the triangular rimmed mirrors that Yamato is known for, but may have been part of another large cache brought over from the mainland.  About 40 mirrors in total, many of them very large, were found buried in the tomb, some of which appear to have been broken for some reason.  Furthermore, the large mirrors appear to fit within the dimensions given the Great Mirror—the Yata no kagami—housed at the sacred Ise Shrine.  There is a document in 804, the “Koutai Jingu Gishiki Chou”, detailing the rituals of Ise shrine, which describes the sacred mirror sitting in a box with an inner diameter of 1 shaku, 6 sun, and 3 bu, or approximately 49.4 centimeters, at least using modern conversions.  The same measurements are given in the 10th century Engi Shiki.  So we can assume that the mirror in Ise, which nobody is allowed to actually see, let alone measure, is smaller than that, but not by much, as the box would have been made to fit the mirror, specifically.  It isn't like you can just grab a box from Mirror Depot.  The mirrors found at Hirabaru Mound measure 46.5 centimeters, and have a floral pattern with an eight petaled flower on the back.  Could this mirror be from the same mold or the same cache, at least, as the sacred mirror at Ise?  At the very least, they would seem to be of comparable value.   In addition, there were many beads, jars, etc.  Noticeably absent from the burial were swords and weapons.  Based on this, some have argued that this was the burial of a queen of Ito-koku.  There is evidence that this may be the case, but I don't think the presence of weapons, or the lack thereof, is necessarily a good indicator. After all, we see in the old stories that women were also found wielding swords and leading troops into battle. So it's dangerous to make assumptions about gender based on this aspect alone. I wonder if the Hirabaru tomb assemblage might have more to do with something else we see in Yamato and which was likely applicable elsewhere in the archipelago: a system of co-rulership, where one role might have to do more with administrative and/or ritual practice, regardless of gender. This burial assemblage or mirrors and other non-weapons might reflect this kind of position. The Weizhi often mentions “secondary” or “assistant” positions, which may have truly been subordinate to a primary ruler, or could have just been misunderstood by the Wei envoys, who saw everything through their particular cultural stratification.  In a similar fashion, early European explorers would often name people “king”—from the daimyo of Sengoku era Japan to Wahunsenacawh, known popularly as “Powhatan” for the name of his people, on what would become known as North America.  That isn't to say that these weren't powerful individuals, but the term “king” comes with a lot of Eurocentric assumptions and ideas about power, stratification, etc.  Is there any reason to believe that the Wei envoys and later chroniclers were necessarily better at describing other cultures? And of course we don't have any physical remains of the actual individual buried there, either. However, there is a good reason to suggest that this may have been a female ruler, and that *is* because of something in the Weizhi, which specifically says that the people of Ito lived under the rule of a female king, aka a queen, using a description not unlike what is used for Queen Himiko.  In fact, Ito gets some special treatment in the record, even though it isn't the largest of the countries.  Let's look at those numbers first: Tsushima is said to have 1,000 households, while Iki is more like 3,000.  Matsuro is then counted at 4,000 families, but Ito is only said to have 1,000, similar to Tsushima.  Just over the mountains and along the Bay, the country of Na is then counted at a whopping 20,000 households, so 20 times as many.  These numbers are probably not entirely accurate, but do give an impression of scale, at least. But what distinguishes Ito-koku in this is that we are told that it had a special place for envoys from the Korean peninsula to rest when they came.  It makes you wonder about this little place called Ito. Hirabaru is not the only kingly tomb in the area.  Walk about 20 to 30 minutes further into the valley, and you might just find a couple of other burials—in particular Mikumo-Minami Shouji, discovered in 1822, and Iwara-Yarimizo, which includes artifacts discovered in the 1780s in the area between Mikumo and Iwara as they were digging a trench.  Based on evidence and descriptions, we know that they pulled out more bronze mirrors and other elite goods indicative of the late Yayoi paramounts. In these areas they have also found a number of post holes suggesting other buildings—enough to perhaps have a relatively large settlement. As noted earlier, we do not have a reconstructed village like in Harunotsuji or Yoshinogari, given that these are private fields, so the shape of the ancient landscape isn't as immediately impressive to people looking at the area, today.  The apparent dwellings are largely found in the triangle created between two rivers, which would have been the water source for local rice paddies.  The tombs and burials are found mostly on the outskirts, with the exception of the kingly burial of Mikumo-Minami Shouji.  This is also interesting when you consider that the later Hirabaru mound was situated some distance away, raising a bunch of questions that we frankly do not have answers for. The area of these ruins is not small.  It covers roughly 40.5 hectares, one of the largest Yayoi settlements so far discovered.  Of course, traces of other large settlements—like something in the Fukuoka area or back in Yamato—may have been destroyed by later construction, particularly in heavily developed areas.  This is interesting, though, when you consider that the Weizhi only claimed some 1,000 households. There are also other graves, such as various dolmens, across Ito and Shima, similar to those found on the peninsula, and plenty of other burials across both ancient districts.  And as the Yayoi culture shifted, influence of Yamato can be seen.  While Ito-koku clearly had their own burial practices, which were similar to, but not exactly like, those in the rest of the archipelago, we can see them start to adopt the keyhole style tomb mounds popular in Yamato. During the kofun period, the area of Itoshima built at least 60 identified keyhole shaped tombs, with a remarkable number of them from the early kofun period.  Among these is Ikisan-Choushizuka Kofun, a large, round keyhole tomb mound with a vertical stone pit burial, estimated to have been built in the latter half of the 4th century.  At 103 meters in length, it is the largest round keyhole tomb on the Genkai coast—that is to say the northwest coast of Kyushu. All of these very Yamato-style tombs would appear to indicate a particular connection between Ito and  Yamato—though what, exactly, that looked like is still up for debate.  According to the various early Chronicles, of course, this would be explained because, from an early period, Yamato is said to have expanded their state to Kyushu and then even on to the Korean peninsula.  In particular, the Chronicles talk about “Tsukushi”, which is both used as shorthand for the entirety of Kyushu, while also indicating the area largely encompassing modern Fukuoka prefecture.  On the other hand, this may have been a sign of Ito demonstrating its own independence and its own prestige by emulating Yamato and showing that they, too, could build these large keyhole tombs.  After all, the round keyhole shape is generally thought to have been reserved, in Yamato, for members of the royal family, and Ito-koku may have been using it similarly for their own royal leaders.  It may even be something in between—Ito-koku may have recognized Yamato's influence and leadership, but more in the breach than in actuality.  Afterall, until the standup of things like the various Miyake and the Dazai, we aren't aware of a direct outpost of the Yamato government on Kyushu.  The Miyake, you may recall, were the ”royal granaries”, which were basically administrative regions overseeing rice land that was directly controlled by Yamato, while the Dazai was the Yamato government outpost in Kyushu for handling continental affairs.  On top of a lack of local control in the early Kofun, the Weizhi appears to suggest that the Yamato paramount, Himiko, was the “Queen of the Wa” only through the consensus of other polities, but clearly there were other countries in the archipelago that did not subscribe to her blog, as it were, as they were in open conflict with Yamato.  This all leads into something we've talked about in the main podcast at various times, but it still bears discussing:  How did Yamato, over in the Nara Basin, become the center of political life in the Japanese archipelago, and why not somewhere in Kyushu, like ancient Na or Ito?  While we don't entirely know, it is worth examining what we do and some of the factors that may have been in play.  After all, Kyushu was the closest point of the main Japanese islands to the mainland, and we see that the Yayoi culture gets its start there.  From there, Yayoi culture spread to the east, and if we were to apply similar assumptions as we do on the spread of the keyhole shaped kofun, we would assume that the culture-givers in the west would have held some level of prestige as groups came to them to learn about this new technology, so why wasn't the capital somewhere in Kyushu?  We likewise see other such things—Yayoi pottery styles, fired in kilns, rather than open fired pottery; or even bronze items brought over from the continent.  In almost every instance, we see it first in Kyushu, and then it diffuses eastward up to the edge of Tohoku.  This pattern seems to hold early on, and it makes sense, as most of this was coming over from the continent. Let's not forget, though, that the Yayoi period wasn't simply a century: by our most conservative estimates it was approximately 600 years—for reference, that would be roughly equivalent to the period from the Mongol invasions up to the end of the Edo period, and twice as long as the period from Mimaki Iribiko to the Naka-no-Oe in 645, assuming that Mimaki Iribiko was ruling in the 3rd century.  So think about all that has happened in that time period, mostly focused on a single polity, and then double it.  More recent data suggests that the Yayoi period may have been more like an 1100 to 1300 year range, from the earliest start of rice cultivation.  That's a long time, and enough time for things in the archipelago to settle and for new patterns of influence to form.  And while Kyushu may have been the first region to acquire the new rice growing technology, it was other areas around the archipelago that would begin to truly capitalize on it. We are told that by the time the Wei envoys arrived that the state of Yamato, which we have no reason not to believe was in the Nara Basin, with a focus on the area of modern Sakurai, had approximately 70,000 households.  That is huge.  It was larger than Na, Ito, and Matsuro, combined, and only rivaled in the Weizhi by Touma-koku, which likely referred to either the area of Izumo, on the Japan Sea coast, or to the area of Kibi, along the Seto Inland Sea, both of which we know were also large polities with significant impact in the chronicles.  And here there is something to consider about the Yayoi style agriculture—the land determined the ultimate yield.  Areas with more hills and mountains are not as suited to wet rice paddy agriculture.  Meanwhile, a flat basin, like that in Yamato, which also has numerous rivers and streams draining from the surrounding mountains into the basin and then out again, provided the possibility for a tremendous population, though no doubt it took time to build. During that time, we definitely see evidence of the power and influence of places like Na and Ito.  Na sent an embassy to the Han court—an incredible journey, and an indication of not only their interest in the Han court and continental trade, but also their ability to gather the resources necessary for such a journey, which likely required some amount of assistance from other, nearby polities.  Na must have had some sway back then, we would assume. Meanwhile, the burial at Ito shows that they were also quite wealthy, with clear ties to the continent given their access to large bronze mirrors.  In the absence of other data, the number and size of bronze mirrors, or similar bronze items, likely only useful for ritual purposes, indicates wealth and status, and they had some of the largest mirrors as well as the largest collection found for that period.  Even into the stories in the Nihon Shoki and the Kojiki we see how mirrors, swords, and jewels all are used a symbols of kingship.  Elite status was apparently tied to material items, specifically to elite trade goods.  Assuming Yamato was able to grow its population as much as is indicated in the Weizhi, then by the 3rd century, they likely had the resources to really impress other groups.  Besides things like mirrors, we can probably assume that acquisition of other goods was likewise important.  Both Ito and Yamato show evidence of pottery shards from across the archipelago, indicating extensive trade networks.  But without any other differentiating factors, it is likely that Yamato, by the 3rd century, at least, was a real powerhouse.  They had a greater production capacity than the other states listed in the Weizhi, going just off of the recorded human capital. And this may answer a question that has been nagging me for some time, and perhaps others:  Why did other states acquiesce to Yamato rule?  And the answer I keep coming back to is that it was probably a combination of wealth, power, prestige, ritual, and time. For one thing, wealth: Yamato had it.  That meant they could also give it.  So, if Yamato was your friend, you got the goods, and you had access to what you need.  You supported them, they could help you with what you needed.  These transactional alliances are not at all uncommon, and something I think most of us can understand. There is also power—specifically military power.  With so many people, Yamato would likely have been a formidable threat should they decide that violence was the answer.  That said, while we read of military campaigns, and no doubt they did go out and fight and raid with the best of them, it's expensive to do so.  Especially exerting control over areas too far out would have been problematic, especially before writing AND horses.  That would be costly, and a drain on Yamato's coffers.  So while I do suspect that various military expeditions took place, it seems unlikely that Yamato merely bested everyone in combat.  Military success only takes you so far without constant maintenance. And so here is where I think prestige and ritual come into play.  We've talked about how Yamato did not exactly “rule” the archipelago—their direct influence was likely confined to the Kinki region for the longest period of time.  And yet we see that they influenced people out on the fringes of the Wa cultural sphere: when they started building large, keyhole shaped kofun for their leaders, and burying elites only one to a giant mound, the other areas of Japan appear to have joined in.  Perhaps Yamato was not the first to build a kofun for a single person, but they certainly were known for the particular shape that was then copied by so many others.  But why? We don't know for certain, but remember that in Yamato—and likely the rest of the Wa cultural sphere—a large part of governance was focused on ritual.  The natural and what we would consider the supernatural—the visible and invisible—worked hand in hand.  To have a good harvest, it required that workers plant, water, harvest, etc. in the right seasons and in the right way.  Likewise, it was considered equally important to have someone to intercede with the kami—to ensure that the rains come at the right time, but not too much, and a host of other natural disasters that could affect the crop. And if you want to evaluate how well ritual works, well, look at them.   Are you going to trust the rituals of someone whose crops always fail and who barely has a single bronze mirror?  Or are you going to trust the rituals of someone with a thriving population, multiple mirrors, and more?  Today, we might refer to this as something like the prosperity gospel, where wealth, good health, and fortune are all seen as stemming from how well one practices their faith, and who's to say that back in the day it wasn't the same?  Humans are going to human, after all. So it makes sense that one would give some deference to a powerhouse like Yamato and even invite their ritualists to come and help teach you how it is done.  After all, the local elites were still the ones calling the shots.  Nothing had really changed. And here is where time comes in.  Because over time what started as an alliance of convenience became entrenched in tradition.  Yamato's status as primus inter pares, or first among equals, became simply one of primus.  It became part of the unspoken social contract.  Yamato couldn't push too hard on this relationship, at least not all at once, but over time they could and did demand more and more from other states. I suspect, from the way the Weizhi reads, that Yamato was in the early stages of this state development.  The Weizhi makes Queen Himiko feel like something of a consensus candidate—after much bickering, and outright fighting, she was generally accepted as the nominal paramount.  There is mention of a male ruler, previously, but we don't know if they were a ruler in Yamato, or somewhere else, nor if it was a local elite or an earlier paramount.  But not everyone in the archipelago was on board—Yamato did have rivals, somewhere to the south (or north?); the directions in the Weizhi are definitely problematic, and it may refer to someone like the Kuma or Kumaso people in southern Kyushu or else people that would become known as the Emishi further to the east of Yamato. This lasted as long as Yamato was able to continue to demonstrate why they were at the top of this structure.  Theoretically, anyone else could climb up there as well, and there are certainly a few other powerful states that we can identify, some by their mention and some by their almost lack of mention.  Izumo and Kibi come to mind almost immediately. The Weizhi makes it clear that Himiko's rule was not absolute, and part of her reaching out to the Wei in the first place may have been the first attempt at something new—external validation by the continent.  A large part of international diplomacy is as much about making people believe you have the power to do something as actually having that power.  Getting recognition from someone like the Wei court would further legitimize Yamato's place at the top of the heap, making things easier for them in the long run. Unfortunately, it seems like things did not go so smoothly, and after Himiko's death, someone else came to power, but was quickly deposed before a younger queen took over—the 13 year old Toyo.  Of course, the Wei and then the Jin had their own problems, so we don't get too many details after that, and from there we lose the thread on what was happening from a contemporary perspective.  Instead, we have to rely on the stories in the Nihon Shoki and Kojiki, which are several hundred years after the fact, and clearly designed as a legitimizing narrative, but still present us something of a picture.  We don't see many stories of local elites being overthrown, though there do seem to be a fair number of military campaigns.  Nonetheless, even if they were propped up by Yamato, local elites likely had a lot of autonomy, at least early on, even as they were coopted into the larger Yamato umbrella.  Yamato itself also saw ups and downs as it tried to figure out how to create a stable succession plan from one ruler to the next.  At some point they set up a court, where individuals from across the archipelago came and served, and they created alliances with Baekje, on the peninsula, as well as with another polity which we know of as Nimna.  Through them, Yamato continued to engage with the continent when the dynastic struggles there allowed for it.  The alliance with Baekje likely provided even more legitimacy for Yamato's position in the archipelago, as well as access to continental goods. Meanwhile the court system Yamato set up provided a means for Yamato to, itself, become a legitimizing factor. Hierarchical differences in society were already visible in the Yayoi period, so we can generally assume that the idea of social rank was not a new concept for Yamato or the other Wa polities.  This is eventually codified into the kabane system, but it is probably likely that many of the kabane came about, originally, as titles of rank used within the various polities.  Yamato's ability to claim to give—or even take away—that kabane title, would have been a new lever of power for Yamato.  Theoretically, other polities could just ignore them and keep going on with their daily lives, but if they had already bought into the social structure and worldview that Yamato was promoting, then they likely would have acquiesced, at least in part, to Yamato's control. Little by little, Yamato's influence grew, particularly on those closer to the center.  Those closer, and more affected, started to listen to Yamato's rules about kofun size and shape, while those further on the fringes started to adopt Yamato's traditions for themselves, while perhaps maintaining greater independence. An early outlier is the Dazai.  It is unclear whether this was forcibly imposed on the old region of Na and nearby Ito, or if it was more diplomatically established.  In the end, though, Yamato established an outpost in the region early on, almost before they started their practice of setting up “miyake”, the various royal granaries that appear to have also become local Yamato government offices in the various lands.  The Dazai was more than just a conduit to accept taxes in the form of rice from various locals—it was also in charge of missions to the continent.  Whether they were coming or going, military or diplomatic, the Dazai was expected to remain prepared.  The early iterations were likely in slightly different locations, and perhaps not as large, but still in roughly the area near modern Fukuoka and Dazai.  This was a perfect place not only from which to prepare to launch or receive missions from the continent, but also to defend the nearby Shimonoseki straits, which was an important entryway into the Seto Inland Sea, the most direct route to Naniwa and the Yamato court. The first iterations of direct Yamato control in Tsukushi—modern Fukuoka—claim to have been focused largely on being a last point to supply troops heading over to fight on the peninsula, not unlike the role of Nagoya castle on the Higashi-Matsuura peninsula in the 16th century.  Over time, though, it grew into much more.  The Weizhi, for its part mentions something in the land of Ito, where there were rooms set up for envoys from the continent, but the Dazai was this on steroids. Occasionally we see evidence of pushback against Yamato's expansion of powers.  Early on, some states tried to fool the envoys into thinking that they were Yamato, perhaps attempting to garner the trade goods for themselves and to take Yamato's place as the interlocutor between the Wa polities and the continent.  We also see outright rebellions—from Iwai in Kyushu, in the 6th century, but also from various Emishi leaders as well.  The Iwai rebellion may have been part of the impetus for setting up the Dazai as a way to remotely govern Tsukushi—or at least help keep people in line.  For the most part, though, as time goes by, it would seem that Yamato's authority over other polities just became tradition, and each new thing that Yamato introduced appears to have been accepted by the various other polities, over time.  This is likely a much more intricate process than even I'm describing here, but I'm not sure that it was necessarily a conscious one; as the concept of Yamato as the “paramount” state grew, others ceded it more and more power, which only fed Yamato's self-image as the paramount state.  As the elites came under the Yamato court and rank system, they were more closely tied to it, and so Yamato's increased power was, in a way, passed on to them as well.  At least to those who bought in. By the 5th century, we know that there were families sending people to the court from as far away as Hi no Kuni in Kyushu—near modern Kumamoto—and Musashi no Kuni in the east—including modern Saitama.  All of that said, while they may have subordinated themselves to Yamato in some ways, the various polities still maintained some independent actions and traditions.  For example, whatever their connection to Yamato, the tombs at Itoshima also demonstrate a close connection to the peninsula.  The horizontal entry chamber style of tomb—something we saw a lot in Iki, and which seems to have been introduced from the continent—started to become popular in the latter half of the 4th century, at least in the west of the archipelago. This is well before we see anything like it in Yamato or elsewhere, though it was eventually used across the archipelago.  Itoshima appears to have been an early adopter of this tomb style, picking it up even before the rest of the archipelago caught on, making them the OG horizontal chambers, at least in Japan. Ultimately, the image we have of Ito-koku is of an apparently small but relatively influential state with some influence on the cross-strait trade, with close ties to Yamato. The history of the region seems a bit murky past the Kofun period.  There are earthworks of an old mountain castle on Mt. Raizan that could be from the Asuka period, and in the 8th century the government built Ito castle on the slopes of Mt. Takaso, possibly to provide some protection to the Dazaifu, which was the Yamato outpost in Kyushu, and eventually became the main administrative center for the island.  It seems, then, that whatever power the country of Ito may have once had, it was subsumed by the Dazai, which was built a little inland, east of the old Na territory.  Furthermore, as ships grew more seaworthy over time, they could make the longer voyages straight to Iki or Tsushima from Hakata.  For the most part, the area of the Itoshima peninsula seems to have been merely a set of districts in the larger Tsukushi and then the Chikuzen provinces.  The area of Na, meanwhile, which is said to have had 20,000 households in the 3rd century—much larger than nearby Ito—was completely eclipsed by the Dazaifu after the Iwai rebellion.  After the fall of Baekje, the Dazaifu took on even greater administrative duties, and eventually took over all diplomatic engagement with the continent.  They even set up a facility for hosting diplomatic envoys from the continent.  This would come to be known as the Kourokan, and they actually found the ruins of it near the site where Maizuru castle was eventually built in what is now Chuo-ku, or the central ward, of Fukuoka city. From the Heian period onwards, the Harada family eventually came to have some power in the area, largely subordinate to others, but they built another castle on Mt. Takaso, using some of the old Ito Castle earthworks, and participated in the defense of the nation during the Mongol invasions. The Harada family rose briefly towards the end of the Sengoku Period, pushing out the Otomo as Hideyoshi's campaign swept into Kyushu.  They weren't quite fast enough to join Hideyoshi's side, though, and became subordinate to Kato Kiyomasa and eventually met their end during the Invasions of Korea. The Ito district at some point after that became part of the So clan's holdings, falling under Tsushima's purview, along with a scattering of districts elsewhere, all likely more about the revenue produced than local governance.  In the Edo period, there were some efforts to reclaim land in Imazu bay, further solidifying links with the Itoshima peninsula and the mainland, but that also fits in with the largely agricultural lifestyle of the people in the region.  It seems to have remained largely a rural backwater up into modern times, when the Ito and Shima districts were combined into an administrative district known as “Itoshima city”. Meanwhile, the Dazaifu continued to dominate the region of modern Fukuoka.  Early on, worried about a Silla-Tang alliance, the Yamato state built massive forts and earthworks were built around the Dazaifu to protect the region from invasion.  As the Tang dynasty gave way to the Song and Yuan dynasties, however, and the Heian court itself became more insular, the Dazaifu's role faded, somewhat.  The buildings were burned down in the 10th century, during the failed revolt of Fujiwara no Sumitomo.  The government never rebuilt, and instead the center of regional government shifted to Hakata, closer to the bay. Appointed officials to the Dazai were known as the Daini and the Shoni.  Mutou Sukeyori was appointed as Dazai Shoni, the vice minister of the Dazaifu, in the late 12th century.  Though he had supported the Taira in the Genpei wars, he was pardoned and made the guardian of Northern Kyushu, to help keep the region in check for the newly established Kamakura Bakufu.  He would effectively turn that into a hereditary position, and his family became known as the “Shoni”, with their position eventually coming to be their family name.  They would provide commendable service against the Mongol invasion, and eventually became the Shugo Daimyo over much of western Kyushu and the associated islands, though not without pushback from others in the region. Over time, the power of the Shoni waned and various other daimyo began to rise up.  The chaos of the Sengoku period saw the entire area change hands, back and forth, until Hideyoshi's invasion of Kyushu.  Hideyoshi divided up control of Kyushu, and Chikuzen, including the areas of Hakata and modern Itoshima, was given to Kobayakawa Takakage.  Hideyoshi also began to redevelop the port of Hakata.  After the battle of Sekigahara, Kobayakawa Hideaki, Takakage's adopted son and nephew to the late Hideyoshi, was transferred to the fief of Okayama, and the area of modern Fukuoka city was given to Kuroda Nagamasa, creating the Fukuoka Han, also known as the Kuroda Han. Nagamasa would go on to build Maizuru Castle on the other side of the Naka river from the port of Hakata, creating two towns with separate administration, each of which fell under the ultimate authority of the Kuroda.  Hakata, on the east side of the river, was a city of merchants while Fukuoka was the castle town, and largely the domain of samurai serving the Kuroda.  The Kuroda would remain in control of the Fukuoka domain through the Edo period, and only lost control at the very start of the Meiji, as the domain system in general was dissolved. Over that time, Hakata remained an important port city, and the samurai of Fukuoka were known for maintaining their martial traditions. In the Meiji era, samurai from the Kuroda Han joined with other Kyushu samurai, rising up during Saigo Takamori's rebellion.  Later, it would be former samurai and others from Fukuoka who would form the Gen'yosha, an early right wing, nationalist organization that would greatly influence the Japanese government heading into the latter part of the 19th and early 20th century. But that is getting well into more modern territory, and there is so much else we could discuss regarding the history of this area, and with any luck we will get to it all in time.  For now, this concludes our Gishiwajinden Tour—we traveled from Kara, to Tsushima and Iki, and then on to Matsuro, Ito, and Na.  From here the envoys traveled on to Fumi, Toma, and then Yamato.  Fumi and Toma are still elusive locations, with various theories and interpretations as to where they were.   For us, this was the end of our journey. Next episode we will be back with the Chronicles and getting into the Taika era, the era of Great Change.  There we will really see Yamato starting to flex its administrative muscles as it brings the various polities of the archipelago together into a single state, which will eventually become known as the country of Nihon, aka Japan. Until then, thank you for listening.  If you like what we are doing, tell your friends and feel free to rate us wherever you listen to podcasts.  If you feel the need to do more, and want to help us keep this going, we have information about how you can donate on Patreon or through our KoFi site, ko-fi.com/sengokudaimyo, or find the links over at our main website, SengokuDaimyo.com/Podcast, where we will have some more discussion on topics from this episode. Also, feel free to reach out to us at our Sengoku Daimyo Facebook page.  You can also email us at the.sengoku.daimyo@gmail.com.  Thank you, also, to Ellen for their work editing the podcast. And that's all for now.  Thank you again, and I'll see you next episode on Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.

Min, Fumi, Amuk, and Lin continue to battle for their lives and the Four Nations. One of them pays the ultimate price. Come follow us on Twitch! If you want to help the show directly, support us on Patreon!  For the quenchiest merch, check out our store. We'd love to meet you. Come hang out with us on Discord. Instagram: @dustfiremedia Facebook: @dustfiremedia Dustfire Media produces multiple Actual Play shows, including Scum and Villainy, Avatar Legends, and our patreon exclusive show. Special thanks to our amazing supporters: Adam W., Caleb M./Lord Immortal, Alyssa, ikoroki, Derek O., Topknots Hairpin, Chris, Rachel, Ben K., Bento Box, Merrai, Jesper, Niko M., vaeVictus, Kaychbee, shockanaw, Mechkura

Fumi, Lin, Amuk, and Min enjoy what could be their last moments together. As the ascension ceremony begins, Fumi is given the opportunity to turn anyone who will listen against Tao Gasha and the Red Lotus. But it's one thing to persuade. It's another to deprogram brainwashed minds. A divided city teeters on the brink of chaos. Will Fumi's message reach the people's hearts, or will the city's fate be sealed by the rising, tide of authoritarian rule? Come follow us on Twitch! If you want to help the show directly, support us on Patreon!  For the quenchiest merch, check out our store. We'd love to meet you. Come hang out with us on Discord. Instagram: @dustfiremedia Facebook: @dustfiremedia Dustfire Media produces multiple Actual Play shows, including Scum and Villainy, Avatar Legends, and our patreon exclusive show. Special thanks to our amazing supporters: Adam W., Caleb M./Lord Immortal, Alyssa, ikoroki, Derek O., Topknots Hairpin, Chris, Rachel, Ben K., Bento Box, Merrai, Jesper, Niko M., vaeVictus, Kaychbee, shockanaw, Mechkura

Lin enjoys a long-delayed reprieve and brings joy to a bleak situation. Amuk pushes his daring to new heights to finish his weighty task. Out of breath and battered, Min and Fumi finally enter the vault. But they have more to contend with than mecha. Come follow us on Twitch! If you want to help the show directly, support us on Patreon!  For the quenchiest merch, check out our store. We'd love to meet you. Come hang out with us on Discord. Instagram: @dustfiremedia Facebook: @dustfiremedia Dustfire Media produces multiple Actual Play shows, including Scum and Villainy, Avatar Legends, and our patreon exclusive show. Special thanks to our amazing supporters: Adam W., Caleb M./Lord Immortal, Alyssa, ikoroki, Derek O., Topknots Hairpin, Chris, Rachel, Ben K., Bento Box, Merrai, Jesper, Niko M., vaeVictus, Kaychbee, shockanaw, Mechkura  

Without the circus to distract them, the people of Republic City are more anxious than ever. While Amuk continues to seek President Moon, Lin runs into trouble on her way back to base, discovering the depth of the Red Lotus' influence. Fumi and Min push to reach the vault that holds Aang's staff. Come follow us on Twitch! If you want to help the show directly, support us on Patreon!  For the quenchiest merch, check out our store. We'd love to meet you. Come hang out with us on Discord. Instagram: @dustfiremedia Facebook: @dustfiremedia Dustfire Media produces multiple Actual Play shows, including Scum and Villainy, Avatar Legends, and our patreon exclusive show. Special thanks to our amazing supporters: Adam W., Caleb M./Lord Immortal, Alyssa, ikoroki, Derek O., Topknots Hairpin, Chris, Rachel, Ben K., Bento Box, Merrai, Jesper, Niko M., vaeVictus, Kaychbee, shockanaw, Mechkura

In this episode of Shoujo Sundae, Chika, Giana, and Pearl Low, founder of Orange Blossom Studio and the creator of Wheels & Roses, review episodes four through six of Sasaki and Miyano! In episode four, Sasaki's evident deepening feelings for Miyano has everyone rooting for him! The accidental kamedan scene brings forth incredible tension between Sasaki and Miyano. Sasaki grabbing Miyano through the window before Ogasawara can pat his head stirs mixed feelings. Are Sasaki's and Miyano's random meetups truly by happenstance? In episode five, Sasaki's reiteration of his confession to Miyano in the shade as flowers fall all around them showcases his bravery and confidence in his feelings. Miyano's complex regarding his feminine face is discussed. Sasaki's actions while Miyano sleeps at school find themselves scattered throughout multiple layers of the sundae. In episode six, Miyano expresses to Sasaki that he needs more time to consider his confession, going against the notion that men should not have or vocalize their emotions. His non-response to Sasaki, however, leaves Chika and Giana feeling Banana Split. Kuresawa's passion for his girlfriend sets the bar high for partners everywhere. And suddenly, to no one's surprise, a fanfic idea is born at the end of the episode. Grab your spoon, and let's dig in! Follow our wonderful guest, Pearl Low!  https://x.com/Fumi_chun  https://www.instagram.com/fumichun/  https://www.pearllow.com/  EPISODE 4 [0:53] About Pearl [14:35] Soft Serve Summary [15:47] Sprinkles on Top  [20:37] Floats Your Boat [28:23] Banana Split [34:41] Rocky Road [38:54] I Scream, You Scream EPISODE 5 [41:43] Soft Serve Summary [42:50] Sprinkles on Top [46:21] Floats Your Boat [52:37] Banana Split [57:16] Rocky Road [58:14] Nuts [58:59] I Scream, You Scream EPISODE 6 [1:02:46] Soft Serve Summary [1:04:03] Sprinkles on Top [1:06:18] Floats Your Boat [1:13:22] Banana Split [1:20:41] I Scream, You Scream Leave us a message to be part of our anniversary episode! ⁠https://www.speakpipe.com/msg/s/345031/1/5ca5fxhsonmlxuk5 About Shoujo Sundae: Shoujo Sundae is a podcast safe haven for fans that are in love with shoujo anime and manga. Hosted by Giana Luna and Chika Supreme, Shoujo Sundae aims to review and reflect on shoujo properties that deserve more attention than what they currently receive. Giana Luna is a podcaster by moonlight and a dueling pianist by daylight. Chika Supreme is a podcaster by moonlight and a social media manager by daylight. Find Shoujo Sundae wherever you listen to your podcasts: https://pod.link/1634859352 If you enjoyed this episode, SHARE it with a friend and RATE/REVIEW it on Apple Podcasts and Spotify! Connect with Giana, Chika, and Shoujo Sundae! Visit our website: http://shoujosundae.com  Pledge on Patreon: https://patreon.com/shoujosundae Shoujo Sundae's Social Media: https://linktr.ee/shoujosundae Send us an email: shoujosundaepodcast@gmail.com Follow Giana Luna on Twitter: https://twitter.com/Giana_Luna_  Follow her on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/giana_luna_  Follow Chika Supreme on Twitter: https://twitter.com/ChikaSupreme  Follow her on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/chikasupreme   A breakdown of the Shoujo Sundae segments: -A Soft Serve Summary (episode recap) -Sprinkles on Top (symbolism portrayed in the episode) -Floats Your Boat (positive aspects from the episode) -Banana Split (moments that are neither good or bad)-Rocky Road (emotional/sad moments) -Nuts (shocking moments) -Hot Fudge (hot takes or rants) -I Scream, You Scream (bad moments)

Jing Min overextends herself while Amuk does all he can to save her. Entrusted with Cho's detonator, Fumi desperately seeks a way out of their predicament that doesn't end in countless deaths, while Lin fights off the rest of the Red Lotus. In the end, our young heroes discover a cause for hope beneath all the chaos in Republic City. Come follow us on Twitch! If you want to help the show directly, support us on Patreon!  For the quenchiest merch, check out our store. We'd love to meet you. Come hang out with us on Discord. Instagram: @dustfiremedia Facebook: @dustfiremedia Dustfire Media produces multiple Actual Play shows, including Scum and Villainy, Avatar Legends, and our patreon exclusive show. Special thanks to our amazing supporters: Adam W., Caleb M./Lord Immortal, Alyssa, ikoroki, Derek O., Topknots Hairpin, Chris, Rachel, Ben K., Bento Box, Merrai, Jesper, Niko M., vaeVictus, Kaychbee, shockanaw, Mechkura

In this episode of Relics of the New Republic, Fumi and Lin face intense challenges as they navigate a daring jailbreak in the Red Lotus HQ, while Amuk and Jing Min try to distract the Red Lotus' Spirit empowered leader.  Come follow us on Twitch! If you want to help the show directly, support us on Patreon!  For the quenchiest merch, check out our store. We'd love to meet you. Come hang out with us on Discord. Instagram: @dustfiremedia Facebook: @dustfiremedia Dustfire Media produces multiple Actual Play shows, including Scum and Villainy, Avatar Legends, and our patreon exclusive show. Special thanks to our amazing supporters: Adam W., Caleb M./Lord Immortal, Alyssa, ikoroki, Derek O., Topknots Hairpin, Chris, Rachel, Ben K., Bento Box, Merrai, Jesper, Niko M., vaeVictus, Kaychbee, shockanaw, Mechkura

In this episode, tensions rise as Jing Min navigates a high-stakes dinner with the Red Lotus. Meanwhile, Fumi and Cho prepare for a daring infiltration mission to rescue the captured Red Monsoon. With secrets and alliances at play, the fate of Republic City hangs in the balance. Join us as the plot thickens and decisions are made that will shape the future. Tune in for an action-packed episode filled with twists and turns. Don't miss out on the excitement! Come follow us on Twitch! If you want to help the show directly, support us on Patreon!  For the quenchiest merch, check out our store. We'd love to meet you. Come hang out with us on Discord. Instagram: @dustfiremedia Facebook: @dustfiremedia Dustfire Media produces multiple Actual Play shows, including Scum and Villainy, Avatar Legends, and our patreon exclusive show. Special thanks to our amazing supporters: Adam W., Caleb M./Lord Immortal, Alyssa, ikoroki, Derek O., Topknots Hairpin, Chris, Rachel, Ben K., Bento Box, Merrai, Jesper, Niko M., vaeVictus, Kaychbee, shockanaw, Mechkura

Tāliō Persārum et Isrāēlītārum Postquam Isrāēlītae sēdem lēgātiōnis Persārum in Sȳriā sitam priōre hebdomade solō aequāverant, Persae lēge tāliōnis diē Saturnī trecentīs missilibus aēroplānīsque automatīs Isrāēlītās oppugnāvērunt, deinde monuērunt nē Isrāēlītae invicem respondērent nēve rem, ut quae peracta finītaque sibi vidērētur, propagārent. Idem Jōsēphus Biden, praeses Americānus, quoque fertur monuisse, praecipue cum fere tōtus impetus Persicus esset missilibus Isrāēlītārum, Americānōrum, Britannōrum, Iordānōrum interceptus. Diē autem Veneris, aēroplāna Isrāēlītārum impetūs simul fēcērunt tam in Natanz Isfahanque Persārum, ubi arma atomica parantur, quam in Iraquiā et Sȳriā, ubi mīlitiae partēs feruntur esse in Persās prōniōrēs. Persae referunt damna, quae passī sunt, aut nulla aut minima esse, neque sibi necesse vidērī respondēre. Quibus factīs, nec Persae neque Isrāēlītae videntur velle bellum dīlātāre. Bursa Dānōrum arsit Hafniae, quae etiam Portus Mercatōrum vocātur, veteris bursa sīve forum mercātōrium, septimō decimō saeculō aedificātum et inter nōtissima urbis aedificia numerandum, arsit. Quae servārī potuērunt, ā vigilibus sunt ē flammīs lāta, sed aedificium ipsum corruit. Ēlōn Musk et Xavier Milēī Xavier Milēī in Texiam iter fēcit, ubi cum Ēlōn Musk colloquerētur dē lithiō vehiculīs ēlectricīs parandīs suppeditandō et dē līberō mercātūrae ūsū prōmōvendō. Milēī enim cupit nōn sōlum crūdum lithium exportāre sed etiam opera ex lithiō arte facta, ut pīlās ēlectricās, quae sunt crūdā māteriā pretiōsiōra. Uterque vir sē dīcit lībertātī prōmōvendae dīcātum. Ultimum missile “Delta” dictum in cælum ascendit Post sexaginta et quattuor annōs, missile “Delta” dictum rude donātur. Ultimum enim missile “delta quartum et grave” diē nōnō in cælum clam missum est, quod satellitem secrētum sēcum tulit. Delta grave ipsum altitūdinem habet aedificiī vigintī et tribus tabulātīs instructī. Ex annō millēsimō nōningentēsimō sexāgēsimō, trecenta ūndēnōnāgintā missilia “Delta” dicta in caelum ascendērunt. Novum autem missile “Vulcānum” vocātum et alterum prīvātum “Falcō gravis” nuncupātum in ēius locum succēdent. Donum Fūmīōnis Kīshidae Senātōrēs Americānī laudāvērunt Fumiōnem Kīshidam, ministrum prīmārium Iāpōnum, quippe quī nūntiāvisset Iāpōnēs Capitōlium Americānōrum ornātūrōs esse ducentīs et quīnquāgintā cerasīs ante annum bis millēsimum vīcēsimum sextum, quō America annum aget ducentēsimum et quinquāgēsimum. Cerasī, quibus Vasintōnia urbs Columbiāna iam ab annō millēsimō nōningentēsimō duodecimō ornātur, quoque Americānīs datae sunt ā Iāpōnibus. Fūrēs aurī comprehēnsī Custōdēs pūblicī Canadēnsēs diē Mercuriī nuntiāvērunt sē sex fūrēs comprehendisse, trēs autem adhūc petere, quī maximum in memoriā Canadēnsium furtum aurī fēcissent. Nam fūrēs illī sex mīlia laterum aureōrum, id est octingenta pondera aurī, abhinc annō surripuerant. Pervestigātōrēs tantum duo pondera aurī invenērunt. Renātus Moicānō victor In rē athlēticā, Renātus Moicānō, pancratistēs Brasiliānus, Ialīnum Turner Campīs sīve in Urbe Peccātōrum, in Nivātā cīvitāte, diē Saturnī vīcit. Quod dignum memoriae fuit, Moicānō victor post certāmen ōrātiōnem habuit epinīciam, quā nōn sē nec familiam nec patriam suam laudāvit sed Americam ēiusque lēgēs.

Jiaoying is joined by renowned Janie's American comedian Fumi Abe and the two start the podcast off by talking about Jiaoying's dog Panda. Jiaoying has a little Yorkie and Fumi is not a fan.  They explored the difference traits between Chinese and Japanese people: such as Fumi has never missed a flight and he has a studious personality, jiaoying always go to the airport last minute and is not organized. They go on to talk about Fumi's relationship with his girlfriend, Fumi explained his open relationship and why it is working out for him well. Jiaoying shares what she enjoys during sex and why she can't Masturbate. Enjoy this extra long and super entertaining episode.Support the showFollow Jiaoying Summers Social media & get tickets for Tiger Milf Tour!Facebook | Youtube | TikTok | Twitter | Instagram | Merch | Tour

Amuk's zealous plan backfires. Fumi and Lin have to deal with the fallout. Min is shocked and confused by the hospitable treatment of the Red Lotus toward their new captives. Come follow us on Twitch! If you want to help the show directly, support us on Patreon!  For the quenchiest merch, check out our store. We'd love to meet you. Come hang out with us on Discord. Instagram: @dustfiremedia Facebook: @dustfiremedia Dustfire Media produces multiple Actual Play shows, including Scum and Villainy, Avatar Legends, and our patreon exclusive show. Special thanks to our amazing supporters: Adam W., Caleb M./Lord Immortal, Alyssa, ikoroki, Derek O., Topknots Hairpin, Chris, Rachel, Ben K., Bento Box, Merrai, Jesper, Niko M., vaeVictus, Kaychbee, shockanaw, Mechkura

It's time for a new segment we're calling Funny Money, where Nicole gives bizarre headlines from business and finance, and a comedian gives their famously non-expert insight on the topic. Today, Nicole talks to the hilarious Fumi Abe. To listen to Fumi's amazing pod Cash Cuties, click here. $ Investors: Robinhood has the only IRA that gives you a 3% boost on every dollar you contribute when you subscribe to Robinhood Gold. Learn more at Robinhood.com/boost  $ Want the kiddos in your life to become money masters? Check out Greenlight, the best money app and debit card for families (and get one month free!): http://greenlight.com/moneyrehab $ Is mental health a resolution for 2024? Get 10% off your first month of therapy with BetterHelp at: http://betterhelp.com/moneyrehab  $ The secret to health and wealth is in your gut. Literally. Get 20% off a 90 day bottle of Just Thrive Probiotic and Just Calm. Try it at: justthrivehealth.com and use promo code: MONEYREHAB. $ Want one-on-one money coaching from Nicole? Book a meeting with her here: intro.co/moneynewsnetwork 

Fumi, Lin, and Amuk regroup at the newly reopened Dumpy's to figure out their next move. Amuk engages in a little corporate takeover. Jing Min confronts her grandfather and finds herself in a deadly duel with the man who taught her to shoot a bow. Come follow us on Twitch! If you want to help the show directly, support us on Patreon!  For the quenchiest merch, check out our store. We'd love to meet you. Come hang out with us on Discord. Instagram: @dustfiremedia Facebook: @dustfiremedia Dustfire Media produces multiple Actual Play shows, including Scum and Villainy, Avatar Legends, and our patreon exclusive show. Special thanks to our amazing supporters: Adam W., Caleb M./Lord Immortal, Alyssa, ikoroki, Derek O., Topknots Hairpin, Chris, Rachel, Ben K., Bento Box, Merrai, Jesper, Niko M., vaeVictus, Kaychbee, shockanaw, Mechkura

Coming from a family who aren't afraid to plant big ideas and embracing risk-taking to achieve them, Fumi Mitsuishi has devoted her career to understanding the humane aspects of clinical psychiatry. Her rich experiences living in Japan, France, and the U.S. have fostered a deep appreciation for residing at the crossroads of diverse cultures and understanding the experience of “otherness”.  As the director of Citywide Case Management (Citywide), a Division of the UCSF/Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital Department of Psychiatry, where she is also an Associate Clinical Professor, Dr. Mitsuishi strives to enhance the path to recovery for adults navigating mental health challenges. Her focus remains on empowering them to secure stable housing, treatment, and employment, facilitating their successful reintegration into society. In this episode, Dr. Mitsuishi discusses the prevalent misconceptions and stigmatization surrounding homelessness and individuals coping with mental health challenges and offers a refreshing perspective towards the importance of using a multidisciplinary approach to improve and honor the client's quality of life. Do you have any thoughts? Please email us at hello@rosenmaninstitute.org.

Comedy bestie Audrey Stewart and Fumi discuss getting your first credit card at age 30, dating a Billionaire's son, and setting healthy financial boundaries with your partner who's more financially stable than you. It's all here on this week's Cash Cuties!SUPPORT FUMI FINANCIALLY BY GOING TO HIS SHOWS!San Jose, CA - Feb 28San Francisco - March 6-9Dallas - March 22-23Washington DC - April 21San Diego - May 11Tickets: https://FumiAbe.com/touringGet MORE Cash Cuties at our Patreon!! https://www.patreon.com/CashCutiesPodYouTube Subscribe: https://tinyurl.com/4zhhs6s5Audio Subscribe: https://tinyurl.com/mv8tvffhMore Fumi Abe:YouTube: https://shorturl.at/hxzZ8Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/thefumiabeTiktok: https://www.tiktok.com/@thefumiabeTickets: https://FumiAbe.comVenmo: @TheFumiAbeMore Steffie BaikFun With Dumb Podcast: https://shorturl.at/KPTZ7Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/baikedgudsWebsite: https://www.steffiebaik.com/Venmo: @SteffieIsMeMore Cash CutiesiTunes: https://tinyurl.com/mv8tvffhInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/cashcutiespod#fumiabe #steffiebaik #cashcutiesSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Amuk and Lin celebrate Fumi's victory, but she isn't feeling quite right. While Woshi Ikeru reveals his plans, Kumadi and Min continue their training. Come follow us on Twitch! If you want to help the show directly, support us on Patreon!  For the quenchiest merch, check out our store. We'd love to meet you. Come hang out with us on Discord. Instagram: @dustfiremedia Facebook: @dustfiremedia Dustfire Media produces multiple Actual Play shows, including Scum and Villainy, Avatar Legends, and our patreon exclusive show. Special thanks to our amazing supporters: Adam W., Caleb M./Lord Immortal, Alyssa, ikoroki, Derek O., Topknots Hairpin, Chris, Rachel, Ben K., Bento Box, Merrai, Jesper, Niko M., vaeVictus, Kaychbee, shockanaw, Mechkura

Fumi and Steffie share their chaotic list of what is "in" and "out" in 2024.SUPPORT FUMI FINANCIALLY BY GOING TO HIS SHOWS!San Jose, CA - Feb 28th 2024Dallas - March 22-23 2024Washington DC - April 21 2024San Diego - May 11th 2024Tickets: https://FumiAbe.com/touringGet MORE Cash Cuties at our Patreon!! https://www.patreon.com/CashCutiesPodYouTube Subscribe: https://tinyurl.com/4zhhs6s5Audio Subscribe: https://tinyurl.com/mv8tvffhMore Fumi Abe:YouTube: https://shorturl.at/hxzZ8Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/thefumiabeTiktok: https://www.tiktok.com/@thefumiabeTickets: https://FumiAbe.comVenmo: @TheFumiAbeMore Steffie BaikFun With Dumb Podcast: https://shorturl.at/KPTZ7Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/baikedgudsWebsite: https://www.steffiebaik.com/Venmo: @SteffieIsMeMore Cash CutiesiTunes: https://tinyurl.com/mv8tvffhInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/cashcutiespod#fumiabe #steffiebaik #cashcutiesSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Jing Min sits down for tea with her new mentor, but her first lesson is harder than anyone could imagine. Fumi steps into the probending arena, but it becomes clear that much more than a match is at stake. Come follow us on Twitch! If you want to help the show directly, support us on Patreon!  For the quenchiest merch, check out our store. We'd love to meet you. Come hang out with us on Discord. Instagram: @dustfiremedia Facebook: @dustfiremedia Dustfire Media produces multiple Actual Play shows, including Scum and Villainy, Avatar Legends, and our patreon exclusive show. Special thanks to our amazing supporters: Adam W., Caleb M./Lord Immortal, Alyssa, Klagada, ikoroki, Derek O., Topknots Hairpin, Chris, Rachel, Ben K., Bento Box, Merrai, Jesper, Niko M., vaeVictus, Kaychbee, shockanaw, Mechkura

We open the new year with another family episode! And by family, we mean we literally had Steffie's little sister Diana Baik come on the show to talk about the finances of mental health and also give Fumi & Steffie some much needed couple's therapy!For anyone in New York who is interested in working with Diana, please contact her though this website: https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/therapists/diana-baik-new-york-ny/1147940SUPPORT FUMI FINANCIALLY BY GOING TO HIS SHOWS!Irvine, CA - Jan 10th 2024Dallas - March 22-23 2024Washington DC - April 21 2024San Diego - May 11th 2024Tickets: https://FumiAbe.com/touringGet MORE Cash Cuties at our Patreon!! https://www.patreon.com/CashCutiesPodYouTube Subscribe: https://tinyurl.com/4zhhs6s5Audio Subscribe: https://tinyurl.com/mv8tvffhMore Fumi Abe:YouTube: https://shorturl.at/hxzZ8Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/thefumiabeTiktok: https://www.tiktok.com/@thefumiabeTickets: https://FumiAbe.comVenmo: @TheFumiAbeMore Steffie BaikFun With Dumb Podcast: https://shorturl.at/KPTZ7Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/baikedgudsWebsite: https://www.steffiebaik.com/Venmo: @SteffieIsMeMore Cash CutiesiTunes: https://tinyurl.com/mv8tvffhInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/cashcutiespod#fumiabe #steffiebaik #cashcutiesSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Fumi Abe is a Japanese-American stand-up comedian/writer based in Los Angeles who was recently named Vulture's Comedians You Should and Will Know in 2023 and was part of the 2023 Just For Laughs New Faces. He has appeared on The Tonight Show with Jimmy Fallon, The Late Show with Stephen Colbert, and has written for The Late Late Show with James Corden, NPR's “Wait Wait...Don't Tell Me!”, the ESPYs, and “Wavelength”, a Comedy Central pilot. Fumi currently produces and hosts Cash Cuties, a super personal finance podcast where Fumi & Steffie Baik analyze their friends' credit card statements and judge their spending habits - with love. Find him @thefumiabe and fumiabe.com!

Spotify wrapped but for our finances. Fumi and Steffie go through their finances and discuss what goals they've met! Thanks for supporting our lil show for a whole year! We love you and we can't wait to make more stuff for you in 2024.SUPPORT FUMI FINANCIALLY BY GOING TO HIS SHOWS!Irvine, CA - Jan 10th 2024Dallas - March 22-23 2024San Diego - May 11th 2024Tickets: https://FumiAbe.com/touringGet MORE Cash Cuties at our Patreon!! https://www.patreon.com/CashCutiesPodYouTube Subscribe: https://tinyurl.com/4zhhs6s5Audio Subscribe: https://tinyurl.com/mv8tvffhMore Fumi Abe:YouTube: https://shorturl.at/hxzZ8Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/thefumiabeTiktok: https://www.tiktok.com/@thefumiabeTickets: https://FumiAbe.comVenmo: @TheFumiAbeMore Steffie BaikFun With Dumb Podcast: https://shorturl.at/KPTZ7Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/baikedgudsWebsite: https://www.steffiebaik.com/Venmo: @SteffieIsMeMore Cash CutiesiTunes: https://tinyurl.com/mv8tvffhInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/cashcutiespod#fumiabe #steffiebaik #cashcutiesSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Fumi and Lin anticipate the scolding of a lifetime from Tenzin, but when it comes, they notice something strange about him. Amuk and Jing Min make for the jail, intent on breaking their friends out. Once their efforts unfold, Jing Min makes a decision that could change her life forever. Come follow us on Twitch! If you want to help the show directly, support us on Patreon!  For the quenchiest merch, check out our store. We'd love to meet you. Come hang out with us on Discord. Instagram: @dustfiremedia Facebook: @dustfiremedia Dustfire Media produces multiple Actual Play shows, including Scum and Villainy, Avatar Legends, and our patreon exclusive show. Special thanks to our amazing supporters: Adam W., Caleb M./Lord Immortal, Alyssa, Klagada, ikoroki, Derek O., Topknots Hairpin, Chris, Rachel, Ben K., Bento Box, Merrai, Jesper, Niko M., vaeVictus, Kaychbee, Frankenstein's Nerdy Monster, Mechkura

In this sensational episode, I'm joined by the incredible Fumi (mahamaven) for a heart-to-heart on all things dating and mindset. From navigating the dating scene with finesse to cultivating an abundant mindset, Fumi shares her insights, experiences, and practical advice that will leave you inspired and ready to take charge of your life. Tune in as we explore: The secrets to taking charge of your dating life. Unleashing the power of an abundant mindset for personal growth. Fumi's personal journey and the wisdom she's gained along the way. Get ready to laugh, learn, and be uplifted by Fumi's magnetic energy! Subscribe now and join the Naija Girl Talks community on this journey of empowerment, inspiration, and transformation.

This week Fumi and Steffie get extra nosey and dig through the finances of the podcast queen herself - Khalyla Kuhn (TigerBelly)!SUPPORT FUMI FINANCIALLY BY GOING TO HIS SHOWS!Chicago - Oct 19thNYC - Nov 11thIrvine, CA - Jan 10thTickets: https://FumiAbe.com/touringGet MORE Cash Cuties at our Patreon!! https://www.patreon.com/CashCutiesPodYouTube Subscribe: https://tinyurl.com/4zhhs6s5Audio Subscribe: https://tinyurl.com/mv8tvffhMore Fumi Abe:YouTube: / @thefumiabeInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/thefumiabeTiktok: https://www.tiktok.com/@thefumiabeTickets: https://FumiAbe.comVenmo: @TheFumiAbeMore Steffie BaikFun With Dumb Podcast: / @dumbfoundeadInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/baikedgudsWebsite: https://www.steffiebaik.com/Venmo: @SteffieIsMeMore Cash CutiesiTunes: https://tinyurl.com/mv8tvffhInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/cashcutiespod#fumiabe #steffiebaik #cashcutiesSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Actor, content creator, and Fumi's man-crush Ryan Alexander Holmes joined us this week to discuss the finances of being raised Black and Chinese, deciding who should pay on the first date, and whether his spending habits really support his philosophy of being 100% Black and 100% Chinese.   FUMI IS TOURING HIS STAND-UP HOUR! Go see him live! Providence - Oct 5th Chicopee, MA - Oct 6 & 7  Chicago - Oct 19th Irvine, CA - Jan 10th (2024) GET TIX AT WWW.FUMIABE.COM/TOURING   SUPPORT THE PODCAST ON PATREON!  https://www.patreon.com/CashCutiesPod   If you want to give us a one time donation, hit us both up on VENMO: @TheFumiAbe @SteffieIsme   FOLLOW US!  https://www.Instagram.com/CashCutiesPod  https://www.Instagram.com/TheFumiAbe  https://www.Instagram.com/Baikedguds Subscribe to our YouTube Channel! https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCN2s_i7UpJm8RvunGO4GRcwSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

FUMI'S BACK. Mic and Fumi talk about rims and MPG on the new Prius. Fumi and Mic trade places. Mic has a question for Fumi. (Jenny is away living her best life.)Donate to MauiThe Hawaiʻi Community Foundation started a Maui Strong Fund to support residents affected by the wildfires, which firefighting crews continue to battle in Lahaina, Pulehu/Kīhei and Upcountry areas. Donations can be made at www.hawaiicommunityfoundation.org/maui-strong. Maui United Way is accepting donations to its Maui Fire and Disaster Relief fund at https://mauiunitedway.org/disasterrelief.Support our editor Patrick Le's Short Film!https://seedandspark.com/fund/sins-of-my-youth-short-film-1#storyV O I C E M A I L646-809-7231F O L L O Whttps://www.instagram.com/asiannotasianpodhttps://www.instagram.com/nicepantsbrohttps://www.instagram.com/jennyarimoto/P A T R E O Nhttps://www.patreon.com/asiannotasianpod P A R T N E R S - Thanks to the U.S Department of Health and Human Services for making this episode happen visit vaccines.gov-Experience Magic mind, use code "asian20" to get 40% off at magicmind.co/asian- BETTER HELP: This episode is sponsored by BetterHelp. Give online therapy a try at betterhelp.com/asian and get on your way to being your best self. Get 10% off your first month by visiting our sponsor at BetterHelp.com/asian- EXPRESS VPN: 3 Months free at expressvpn.com/asian- EARNIN - Download the Earnin app today in the Google Play or Apple App store. Be sure to write in "Asian" under PODCAST when you sign up. - Helix Sleep Mattress: $125 off ALL mattress orders for ANALs at helixsleep.com/asian - Hawthorne.co is offering 10% off of your first purchase! Visit hawthorne.co and use PROMO CODE “NOTASIAN” - TUSHY Bidets: Go to hellotushy.com/ANA for 10% off!- THE SCRIPPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE: www.joinallofus.org/asiannotasian- HBO MAX: http://hbom.ax/ana2- FUNDRISE: Fundrise.com/asian- SANZO: DrinkSanzo.com and use promo code “ASIANNOTASIAN”- TruBill: Truebill.com/Asian- Quip: GetQuip.com/Asian- Athletic Greens: Athleticgreens.com/asiannotasian - Shopify: Shopify.com/asian - Manscaped: Get 20% Off and Free Shipping with the code ASIAN- Big Brother Big Sister: https://bit.ly/30zQZan- Nutrafol: www.nutrafol.com (Promo code: Asian)- Sesanood: www.sesanood.com (Promo code: AsianNotAsian)See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Money! Finances! Jimmy Fallon joins the Thin Ice Club. Joe Jonas fumbles the bag. Burning Man goes up in flames. Comedian Fumi Abe stops by the studio to help Frex make sense of these and other topics. Fumi is the host of the comedy financial podcast "Cash Cuties (https://www.youtube.com/@cashcutiespod)".  Please rate review and subscribe, you know the vibes. Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/@ThatsWhatIHeardFrex (https://www.youtube.com/@ThatsWhatIHeardFrex) Apple Pods: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/thats-what-i-heard/id1682094717 (https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/thats-what-i-heard/id1682094717)  Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/2XJFubuUvt6iOGo8dLsaeh?si=Or9Kp0TaQw-uURdL5kD7wg (https://open.spotify.com/show/2XJFubuUvt6iOGo8dLsaeh?si=Or9Kp0TaQw-uURdL5kD7wg) Frex:  https://www.instagram.com/lilfrexxx/ (https://www.instagram.com/lilfrexxx/)   Fumi:  https://www.instagram.com/thefumiabe/ (https://www.instagram.com/thefumiabe/) Producer Mike:  https://www.instagram.com/mikecoscarelli/ (https://www.instagram.com/mikecoscarelli/) Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Fumi and Steffie discuss how to handle the finances when you break someone's things SUPPORT FUMI FINANCIALLY BY GOING TO HIS SHOWS!NYC - Nov 11th 2023Irvine, CA - Jan 10th 2024Dallas, tX - March 22-23 2024GET TIX AT WWW.FUMIABE.COM/TOURING SUPPORT THE PODCAST ON PATREON! https://www.patreon.com/CashCutiesPod If you want to give us a one-time donation, hit us both up on VENMO:@TheFumiAbe@SteffieIsme FOLLOW US! https://www.Instagram.com/CashCutiesPod https://www.Instagram.com/TheFumiAbe https://www.Instagram.com/BaikedgudsSubscribe to our YouTube Channel!See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Fumi doesn't wanna tip the car wash guys. Steffie took a Gen Alpha kid out shopping and was disrespected.   FUMI IS TOURING HIS STAND-UP HOUR! Come see him live! Vegas - Aug 26th NYC - Sep 8th Chicago - Oct 19th GET TIX AT WWW.FUMIABE.COM/TOURING   SUPPORT THE PODCAST ON PATREON!  https://www.patreon.com/CashCutiesPod FOLLOW US!  https://www.Instagram.com/CashCutiesPod  https://www.Instagram.com/TheFumiAbe  https://www.Instagram.com/Baikedguds Subscribe to our YouTube Channel!See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Retired stripper NerdyDancing joined Fumi and Steffie this week to talk about the ins and outs of strip club culture!   Check out Nerdy Dancing on IG and OF here: https://linktr.ee/NerdyDancing    SUPPORT THE PODCAST ON PATREON!  https://www.patreon.com/CashCutiesPod FOLLOW US!  https://www.Instagram.com/CashCutiesPod  https://www.Instagram.com/TheFumiAbe  https://www.Instagram.com/Baikedguds Subscribe to our YouTube Channel!See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.