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The fourth and final episode in our series on the Jinshin no Ran: we cover the campaign in Afumi (aka Ōmi - 近江).  Prince Ōama and Prince Ōtomo (aka Kōbun Tennō), have drawn up their forces.  Last episode we covered the fighting in the Nara Basin, around the ancient Yamato capital: Asuka.  This episode focuses on the defense of the Karafu and Fuwa passes and the eventual march to the bridge at Setagawa. This is a name heavy episode, and we'll be noting some of it here: https://sengokudaimyo.com/podcast/episode-132   Rough Transcript Welcome to Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  My name is Joshua and this is episode 132: The Jinshin no Ran, Part 4: The Afumi Campaign The Afumi soldiers on the western side of the bridge looked across the open expanse of water towards their Yoshino rivals on the eastern side.  If it weren't for the banners and the red tags barely visible on the sleeves of the opposing forces, it would be hard to know which side was which.  Both were equipped in similar ways, and a few of the soldiers could even make out familiar faces on the other side.  That is the nature of civil wars—especially in a conscript society, where the soldiers often had little choice which side they were fighting for.  Not that it necessarily mattered much to them which side came out on top, whatever their commanders might have told them. The bridge across the Seta river was large and wide, and normally quite well traveled.  Now, however, the central boards had been pulled up for a span of about 30 feet or so, leaving a gap spanned by only a single, narrow plank.  That plank was, itself, tied to a rope, which was being held by the Afumi troops.  The soldiers knew that should any of the enemy try to cross, they could pull the plank out from under them and they would fall into the river, their metal armor dragging them down into the dark depths of swirling water below.  Even should they somehow make it across without being peppered by arrows, there would be no reinforcements coming: they would be slaughtered, and the trap would be reset. It seemed like the Afumi forces held all the cards in this battle, and yet they were still tense. Archers could still shoot across the distance. The front rank of troops held wooden shields as a defense, but there were still openings in the formation and the armor, and in the chaos of battle, nobody was truly safe. And so the Afumi forces waited.  Confident, but wary. A commotion on the eastern side of the bridge grabbed the spotlight.  The Yoshino forces had approached, and they were clearly preparing for something.  The Afumi soldiers strained to see what was going on.  Suddenly, the front line of the Yoshino forces parted, and a strange sight confronted the Afumi soldiers.  It took them a moment to fully comprehend what was barreling towards them at full tilt: a soldier that looked almost like two soldiers put together, wearing armor placed over armor, in an attempt to protect from harm.  It must have been heavy, and as he stepped on the beam, it visibly buckled under the weight.  The Afumi archers let loose with their arrows and crossbow bolts, but to no avail.  They simply stuck in the armor, adding to the bizarre and otherworldly appearance of their opponent. The spell was broken on the Afumi side as arrows came cascading in.  The Yoshino forces weren't just sitting idly back, they were making sure they were doing everything they could to keep the Afumi forces distracted.  And for a split second it worked—and a split second was all they needed.  Before the soldiers could gather up their wits about them enough to pull the rope there was a terrifying sound of metal on wood.  The Afumi soldiers pulled the rope, but it came all too easy—the Yoshino soldier had dashed across and cut the rope tied to the plank.  Behind him, the Yoshino forces were now pouring across the bridge.  Soon they would establish a foothold, and behind the front line they would be able to have other soldiers place more planks so that the number of Yoshino soldiers on the Western side of the bridge only continued to increase. Realizing that their trap had been circumvented, the Afumi forces fell back, but their strategic withdrawal soon turned into a full on retreat.  While pockets of soldiers resisted, many were suddenly all too aware that perhaps it was better to live and fight another day, instead.  Despite threats and even attacks from their own commanders, the Afumi forces fled the battlefield, leaving the Yoshino army victorious.  With the Seta bridge now secured, there were no more major obstacles in their way:  They would march to the capital at Ohotsu and finish this war.   Welcome back!  This is Part 4, and so if you haven't already done so, I recommend going back and starting with Part 1.  That said, we'll briefly recap here. Over the past three episodes, we've talked about the causes of the war between Prince Ohotomo and Prince Ohoama as they vied for the throne.  Prince Ohotomo seemingly had the stronger position, as he was actually running the Yamato state from the Afumi capital in Ohotsu.  He had the various ministers and all the official organs of the state on his side.   He was also 23 years old. Ohoama, on the other side, was Ohotomo's paternal uncle.  His own son, Prince Takechi, was 19 years old and helping to lead the army.   Upon learning that the State was gathering forces against him, Ohoama had quickly moved east, gathering forces as he went, and now he stood near Fuwa, modern day Sekigahara, prepared to begin his march on the capital.   This episode we are going to cover the conclusion of the war.  Warning, though, this is going to be a *lot*.  A lot of place names and people names.  Apologies if it is hard to follow.  I'll have a rough map and info on the various players on the podcast blog, so you may want to bring that up if you are having problems following. In Part I of this series we covered the causes leading up to the conflict.  In Part II we covered Ohoama's mad dash to Fuwa, at modern Sekigahara.  Last episode, Part III we covered the fighting in the Nara Basin. This episode we are going to talk about the last two fronts of the war: the defense of the Iga area and Kurafu Pass, and the march from Fuwa to the Afumi capital of Ohotsu. Before we go into the details of the next battles, let's look at what each side of the conflict was doing, what they are concerned about, and where they are on the board.  We'll then go into how the rest of the war played out, and its conclusion and aftermath.     Ohoama's Yoshino forces had largely been drawn from the countries in the east—the very same countries that Ohoama was denying to the Afumi court.  In response, the Afumi court had drawn their forces from where they could.  There were those that they had already called up under the pretense of building Naka no Oe's burial mound, but they had sent others out to raise troops in Yamato and out the western side of Honshu, all the way to Tsukushi—modern Kyushu.  However, not everyone in the Western region of the archipelago was friendly to the Afumi court—especially the regions of Kibi and Tsukushi.  This was significant.  Kibi was an ancient rival of Yamato, and likely could contribute a sizeable force.  Tsukushi, on the other hand, was quite large, and besides the conscripts from among the regular inhabitants, Tsukushi also was in charge of defending the archipelago from invasion—they were the first line of defense.  They had constructed numerous castles and fortifications to defend against a possible invasion, and those castles and fortifications were no doubt manned by troops that had been raised for that purpose.  If they could now be turned inwards, that could be enough to really turn the tide against Ohoama and his Yoshino army. The only problem was that neither Kibi nor Tsukushi were exactly sympathetic to the Afumi court.  The governor of Kibi and Prince Kurikuma, the viceroy of Tsukushi, both had ties to Ohoama, and the ministers suspected them of sympathizing with their Yoshino rivals.  As such the envoys that were sent out were authorized to take whatever drastic steps they felt necessary to secure the troops. So how did that all go down?  Well, last episode we talked about how Hodzumi no Momotari and his crew had been stopped from raising troops in Asuka by Ohotomo no Fukei, whose bluff of pretending to be Prince Takechi and a host of cavalry soldiers caused the conscripted troops to flee, and ended up in the death of Momotari and the capture of his compatriots. In Kibi, things took a turn in Afumi's favor.  When the Afumi government's envoy arrived at the government center in Kibi, he tricked the governor into taking off his sword.  Once he had done so, the envoy drew his own sword and killed the governor.  Without the governor to get in his way, the envoy then went about securing the land and troops for the Afumi court. Prince Kurikuma, the viceroy in Tsukushi, at the Dazaifu, was not quite so easily fooled, however.  Kurikuma knew how the court operated, and was apparently well informed of what was going on.  When the Afumi court's envoy met with Kurikuma, the Prince was flanked by two of his sons, Prince Mino and Prince Takebe, each one armed.  When Prince Kurikuma heard what the Afumi court wanted—for him to send the troops from Tsukushi to help quell Ohoama's rebellion—Kurikuma responded that he needed those troops to hold the border.  After all, the Tang dynasty was still a potential threat, and what good would it do to send the troops from the border regions to fight an internal war, only to then have an invader come in and destroy the state entirely?  No, he reasoned, he would not be sending the troops as the Afumi court requested. We are told that for a moment, the Afumi envoy thought about grabbing his sword and killing Prince Kurikuma, as the Afumi court had suggested, but with both of Kurikuma's sons armed on either side of him, he realized that he didn't have great odds, and so he eventually left, empty handed, but alive. This is significant.  While we don't know exact numbers, it is likely that there were quite a few troops stationed in Kyushu and the islands, all in case of foreign invasion.  By not supplying them to the Afumi court, Prince Kurikuma dealt a huge blow to the Afumi's ability to make war.  Add to that the fact that Ohoama had likewise blocked the court's access to the eastern countries, and that further narrowed the troops that Afumi had access to.  Nonetheless, they still had enough to be dangerous, and it is impossible to say exactly what might happen in a war. So we know where the Afumi and Yoshino forces ostensibly came from, but let's talk about the battlefield.  All of the fighting that we talk about was happening in an area between Naniwa—modern Ohosaka—and Fuwa, modern Sekigahara, northwest from the modern city of Nagoya. There are three main theaters we are talking about.  The first is in the Nara basin, which we talked about extensively in the last episode.  The Nara basin itself was not necessarily of the most strategic importance, militarily, but it was of huge symbolic importance.  After all, that was still the ancient capital, even though the governmental functions had been moved north, to Ohotsu, on the shores of Lake Biwa.  The second is in the Suzuka mountains.  This includes the areas of Iga and Kouka, and it is bordered by the Nara basin on the west, the Mie coastline on the east, and Afumi, the area around lake Biwa, to the north.  This is the same region that Ohoama had to naviagate through on his way from Yoshino to the east, and the mountains and valleys make it so that there are only so many traversable routes through.  For our narrative we are going to be primarily talking about the Kurafu Pass, between Kouka and Iga, at modern Tsuge city.  This pass  was an important route between Kouka, Iga, and Mie.  The road followed the Soma River which eventually flowed into Lake Biwa.  This made it a route out of Afumi, and if the Afumi forces could secure the Kurafu pass and the fields of Tara, just on the other side, they could split Ohoama's forces and cut off any help that he could possibly send to the Nara basin, and possibly even take Ohoama from behind. Finally, let's talk about our third theater:  Afumi itself.  Specifically, we are looking at the southern and eastern sides around Lake Biwa.  Biwa is the largest lake in Japan, and it is almost entirely surrounded by mountains except for where the Seta river flows south, eventually winding its way to Naniwa.  Today, the area of Afumi is largely co-located with modern Shiga Prefecture. Back in 668, after finding themselves on the losing side of the Baekje-Tang war, Naka no Oe, aka Tenji Tennou, had moved the capital to Ohotsu, or Big Port, in Afumi, on the shores of Lake Biwa, likely for the protection it gave.  From Afumi, there were three major routes out of the basin, and a few minor ones.  All of them were through defensible mountain passes, like Karafu Pass, Fuwa Pass, and Suzuka Pass.  Three such passes:  Fuwa, Suzuka, and Arachi would become prominent barriers, or seki, along the ancient roads, and were known as the Sangen, or Three Barriers, protecting the capital region.  Suzuka no seki, at the pass of the same name, was in the south.  To reach it from Afumi, one crossed the Karafu pass, and then turned east through a pass near Mt. Miyama.  At the northern tip of the Suzuka mountains was Fuwa pass, future home of the Fuwa barrier.  The Barrier, or “Seki” would give its name to the area in another form:  Sekigahara.  This was along the Tousandou, the Eastern Mountain road, and even today it is the path through which roads and even the Shinkansen traverse between eastern and western Honshu.  Finally, though less important to our story, was the Arachi pass. Arachi no seki was part of the Hokurikudo, the Northern Land Route, and led to the ancient country of Kochi and the port of Tsuruga, which had a long history as an alternate port, especially for ships sailing from Goguryeo.  Later, Arachi no seki would be replaced in the Sangen ranking by another pass between Afumi and modern Kyoto, which would be known as the Afusaka, or Ohosaka, Pass.  This was the pass that would have been used to get to Yamashiro and, from there, to Naniwa and the Nara Basin. These three passes would come to define the island of Honshu, and became the dividing line between the Kanto region, in the east, and the Kansai region, in the west.  By holding the Suzuka and Fuwa passes, Ohoama effectively denied any travel to the eastern regions.  Sure, Afumi could have tried going through the Arachi pass and into Kochi, but then they would have had to traverse the Japan alps—no small feat, especially without modern conveniences like the trains and busses used today. From Fuwa Pass, where Ohoama and Prince Takechi had set up their headquarters, it was largely a straight shot to the Afumi capital of Ohotsu.  Between Lake Biwa and the Suzuka mountains is a wide, flat plain, divided primarily by the rivers and streams running out from the mountains into the lake.  Immediately west of Fuwa is the area of Maibara.  Following the shore of the lake one traverses through modern Hikone, to Yasu.  Yasu would also have been the location where the road to the Karafu pass broke off into the Suzuka mountains.  Beyond that was the bridge across the Seta River. The Seta river was one of the largest obstacles that would have to be negotiated, and the Afumi forces knew this.  Just as Ohoama would set up at Fuwa pass, a large number of the Afumi forces were set up on the western bank of the Seta river.  If the Yoshino forces could get across, however, it would mean that they had a more or less unimpeded route to the capital at Ohotsu. So now let's talk about what was happening in each of these places. Ohoama had set up at Fuwa—Sekigahara—and had begun to call soldiers to him.  Not only did did this allow him to block the rival Afumi troops from accessing the Eastern countries and possibly raising troops to use against him, but he was also able to maintain a line of communication with ancient Yamato, in the Nara Basin.  In order to keep his communication lines open, and to ensure that the Afumi forces couldn't sneak up behind him, Ohoama split his forces in two.  He knew that Afumi forces were trying to take his stronghold in Yamato, and if successful, from there they could move in to Uda and on to Iga.  thereafter that, they could march up behind him through the Suzuka pass.  Alternatively, the forces in Afumi could come up through Kouka and the Karafu pass, and then try to divide and conquer So the first group of Ohoama's army were to go south, through the Suzuka pass into their mountain namesake.  Once there, Oho no Omi no Honji was to hold Tarano, the Plain of Tara, where the routes to Suzuka, Kafuka, and Iga met.  Tanaka no Omi no Tarumaro went with him, with orders to guard the Kurafu pass, which is to say the road to Kouka.  This first group was headed by Ki no Omi no Abemaro, and also included Miwa no Kimi no Kobito, and Okizome no Muraji no Usagi.  Along with what we are told were tens of thousands of men, this first made their way south from Fuwa  through Mie and Ise and over the Suzuka pass.  Once there, they took up their positions at Karafu and Tarano.  It was a good thing, too, because only a couple of days after they arrived, the enemy struck.   Now as soon as he got there, Oho no Honji had fortified Tarano with some three thousand men, and Tanaka no  Tarumaro was sent to guard the Kurafu pass.  Prior to this, Tarumaro had been the official in charge of the Hot Springs in Ise, but he had joined Ohoama and the Yoshino forces when they first arrived over the Suzuka Pass.  Now he was in charge of a military force, encamped along the road through the Kurafu pass, waiting for the enemy. Unbeknownst to him, a deputy commander of the Afumi forces, Tanabe no Wosumi, was approaching from Mt. Kafuka.  Presumably he'd been sent out from Ohotsu and had followed the road along the Yasu and Soma rivers towards the pass.  Wosumi had  sizeable force with him, but he was not looking for a direct assault.  Even if he would win, he would suffer casualties, especially trying to attack an entrenched enemy in a fortified position.  He needed to be sneaky.  He had no way of knowing that, centuries later, the lands of Iga and Kouka would be known for their sneaky warriors—their legendary ninja—but I digressed.  What Wosumi did was this.  First, he rolled up his banners and muffled the drums.  He even had his men gag themselves—a continental custom where soldiers were given a stick to hold in their mouth, like a horse's bit, to discourage any talking amongst the ranks as they approached.  Presumably, they kept them in until just before attacking, because they also devised a watchword “kane”—transcribed as metal or gold.  Wosumi knew that it would be hard enough to tell who was who in the daytime—after all, it wasn't like these were regimented forces with uniforms.  The soldiers were likely all wearing whatever they had available, and clothing and armor would have been similar across the two armies.  At night, even some kind of mark or flag would hardly be enough to tell who was who in the dark.  As lines broke and melee ensued, it would be easy to get turned around, and find yourself facing a friend.  By saying the watchword you could distinguish friend from foe. Sure enough, this tactic worked.  The Afumi forces broke through the Yoshino fortifications in the middle of the night and swarmed into the encampment.  Men who had been asleep were waking up to chaos.  Tarumaro's Yoshino soldiers were thrown into confusion.  Tarumaro himself, escaped, but just barely.  we are told that he noticed that the enemy kept shouting the word “kane”, and so he started doing it as well. The Afumi forces, assuming he was one of their own, left him alone.  Still, he only escaped with difficulty. His escape was no doubt critical, however.   He presumably would have headed to Tarano to try and warn Oho no Honji, but this may not have been possible, as we are told that on the following day, after the attack at Karafu pass, the Afumi commander Wosumi continued his advance, and came upon the Yoshino encampment at Tarano unexpectedly.  Still, General Honji did not back down.  With a force of hand-picked soldiers, Honji counterattacked against Wosumi and struck him.  We are told that Wosumi made it out—the only one who did—but that he did not try and make another attack.  The Yoshino forces would ultimately hold the pass and the critical juncture of Tarano.  The Afumi forces would not get a second chance. By the way, a quick note here:  I can't help but notice a bit of a trope showing up in these stories:  At Narayama, General Fukei is defeated, and is the only person who makes his escape.  Then Tarumaro is the only person to escape his defeat.  Finally, Wosumi is the only one of his forces to leave the plain of Tara. I am more than a little incredulous that these generals are the only ones who actually survived, and that the rest of the army was slaughtered.  In fact, you may recall that at the battle at Taima, General Fukei told his men not to pursue the fleeing common soldiers.  As I've tried to point out, the common soldiers were not likely as invested in the cause.  In fact, it is just as possible that the common soldiers may have changed sides and joined the other army if they thought it would serve them well.  Or maybe they were escaping and just blending into the countryside.  After all, the elites weren't really spending the time to get to know them, let along record any details about them.  So I suspect that it was more about the fact that the various armies would be broken, and the soldiers flung to the four corners, rather than that they were necessarily slaughtered.  After all, if you had the choice, would you have stayed there? A few days after Wosumi was defeated, the Yoshino general that Ohoama had sent to Iga along with Honji and Tarumaro, Ki no Omi no Abemaro, heard that their ally, Ohotomo no Fukei was in trouble in the Nara Basin.  He'd been defeated by the Afumi general Ohono no Hatayasu at Narayama,  and without reinforcements, the entire Nara Basin could fall, along with the ancient Yamato capital at Asuka. So Abemaro sent Okizome no Muraji no Usagi with more than a thousand cavalry to go assist.  They met Fukei at Sumizaka, and suddenly, things were looking up in the Nara Basin.  For more on how that turned out, check out last episode, where we covered the events in the Nara Basin. Once the events in the Nara Basin settled out, then both the Nara Basin and the Karafu pass would be well and truly in the hands of the Yoshino forces.  But there was no way for those guarding those locations to know that the fighting was over, and they would have to hold their positions until the fighting had definitively stopped.  Which brings us back to Ohoama and the Yoshino troops gathered at Fuwa, where things were about to kick off as well.  The troops at Fuwa, while being led by Ohoama and his 19 year old son, Takechi, were placed under the command of Murakuni no Muraji no Woyori—who, , as things progressed, would be noted as the primary general for the campaign that would lead Yoshino troops from Fuwa, on the offensive towards Ohotsu. The only reason that they seem to have waited before going on the offensive was that every day, more troops were coming in.  So even as the fighting was going on in Nara and at the Karafu pass, the Yoshino army at Fuwa gathered men and made their preparations.  As they did so, the Afumi court Was going to do whatever they could to try and break them, hoping that they could stop the threat posed by Ohoama and his men before they began their march. For the Afumi forces first attempt to break the Yoshino defenses at Fuwa pass, they picked troops to try and make an incursion into the village of Tamakurabe, which appears to have been in the pass itself; it was probably modern Tama district of Sekigahara.  They were repelled, however, by Izumo no Omi no Koma, who drove them off. Later, the Afumi court ordered another force of several tens of thousands of men to attack under the command of Prince Yamabe no Ou, Soga no Omi no Hatayasu, and Kose no Omi no Hito.  Soga no Hatayasu and Kose no Hito were both part of the inner circle of the Afumi court, or so it would seem.  When Prince Ohotomo had taken the reins of the government in a ceremony in the Western Hall of the Palace, he was attended by the ministers of the right and left, as well as Soga no Hatayasu, Kose no Hito, and Ki no Ushi.  They were at the very heart of this whole matter.  Prince Yamabe is a little bit more of a mystery.  We know he was someone of note, and when Prince Ohotsu was brought to his parents, they were apparently traveling under the guise of Prince Yamabe and another prince, Prince Ishikawa.  But we know little else. The three men and their Afumi troops headed out and camped on the bank of the Inukami river, near modern Hikone.  There, however, trouble broke out. The Nihon Shoki does not record exactly what it was, but there must have been some kind of falling out.  Prince Yamabe no Ou was killed by Soga no Hatayasu and Kose no Hito.  We don't know if this was due to some quarrel or what, but either way, it threw the army into a state of disarray and there was no way for them to move forward.  Soga no Hatayasu appears to have taken responsibility for whatever happened, as he headed back from Inukami, presumably back to Ohotsu, where he took his own life by stabbing himself in the throat.  There would be no attack on Fuwa Pass, however. Finally, the Nihon Shoki also recounts the story of another Afumi general, named Hata no Kimi no Yakuni, and his son, Ushi.  Together with others, who remain unnamed, they surrendered themselves to Ohoama and the Yoshino forces, rather than fighting.  It isn't clear if they were deserters, if they had been part of one of the other two attempts to take Fuwa Pass, or if there was something else going on.  Either way, Ohoama was so pleased that he welcomed them in and we are told that Hata no Yakuni was “granted a battle axe and halberd” and appointed a general.  This is probably stock phrasing, but it does seem he was given some measure of trust.  Yakuni's men were then sent north, to Koshi. We aren't quite sure what those forces' ultimate objective was.  It may have been that he was to take the northern pass and make sure that none of the Afumi troops tried to escape and head to the East along that road.  Many of the accounts of this war seem to suggest that he, or at least some part of the forces, were to head north and then come around Lake Biwa the long way.  This would mean that if Ohoama attacked, there would be no easy way to flee.  From Ohotsu they couldn't turn north without running into more troops, and their only escape would seem to be through the Afusaka pass towards the area of modern Kyoto.  And of course, whoever was victorious in the Nara Basin would then be able to control the route to the coast. It is unclear how much Ohoama could have actually known, though, about what was happening across the various distances.  Messages would have meant riders on swift horses carrying them; they couldn't just text each other what was going on. And so, with one attack repelled, another aborted, and a turncoat now on their side, Ohoama's Yoshino forces were finally ready to head out on the offensive themselves.  According to the Nihon Shoki this was on the 7th day of the 7th month—Tanabata, today, but I doubt people were paying much mind to the Weaver and the Cowherd.  Murakuni no Woyori, with the group advancing from Fuwa to Afumi, set out, and met with their first resistance at the Yokugawa river in Okinaga.  As far as I can tell, this is likely the Amano River in modern Maibara, which anyone who takes the Shinkansen between Kanto and Kansai probably recognizes as one of the usual stops.  Once again, we have a situation where, while they would have had banners flying, in the crush of battle it could be quite easy to mistake friend for foe, especially with large numbers of troops who were pulled from vastly different regions.  You had to have some way of knowing quickly who was on your side – that's why the Afumi commander Wosumi had his troops use the password “kane”, for example.  Ohoama's approach was to have his men place a red mark—possibly a ribbon or similar—on their clothing so that one could tell who, at a glance, was on their side.  As a note, later samurai would sometimes attach flags to their shoulder armor, or sode, and these “sode-jirushi” would help identify you even if people didn't recognize your armor.  Ohoama's troops may have used something similar. And so Woyori's Yoshino forces attacked the Afumi defenders, and the Afumi troops were clearly outmatched.  Woyori's men killed the Afumi commander and defeated the opposing forces. But that was just the beginning.  Afumi forces had been stationed all along the route from Fuwa to Ohotsu.  Thus it was that only two days later Woyori and his men made it to Mt. Tokoyama, probably in Hikone, by the Seri river.  There they met more Afumi soldiers, but once again they were triumphant and slew the opposing commander.   Woyori and his men were on a roll. I would point out that these battles aren't given much detail, but we do see how it progressed.  There are names of various individuals and commanders—certainly not much on the common people.  From what we can tell, this was not a rush to Ohotsu, but rather a slow march, probably doing their best to fortify their positions and make sure that nobody was sneaking up on them.  After each battle, it is some days before the next, probably spent spying out ahead and formulating plans. Woyori and his men next fought a battle on the banks of the Yasukawa River, presumably near modern Yasu city.  Here, Aston's translation claims that he suffered a great defeat, but more likely I suspect it means to say that he inflicted a great defeat on the Afumi forces, because if he had been defeated, how would he have pressed on only a few days later.  We are told that  two men, presumably the Afumi commanders, were both taken prisoner. Since we don't have anything more about them in the narrative all we can really do is assume that they must have therefore been on the side of the Afumi forces. By taking Yasu, that would have likely cut off the Afumi forces from any future considerations about using the Kurafu Pass.  The noose around Ohotsu was slowly tightening. Four days after that, on the 17th day of the 7th month, Woyori attacked and repulsed the Kurimoto army—presumably a force loyal to the Afumi court under a general named Kurimoto, or possibly raised from a place called Kurimoto, perhaps over on Awaji.  Either way, it was another victory on Woyori's belt. From there, Woyori and his men arrived at Seta, where they would have to cross the Setagawa—the Seta River. The Seta River is a wide river, and the only one flowing out of Lake Biwa.  It winds its way south and west, eventually becoming the Uji and then the Yodo rivers, which flow all the way to Naniwa—modern Ohosaka.  At the Seta river, there was a major bridge, the only way across, other than to swim.  Prince Ohotomo and his ministers, along with their entire army, were encamped on the west side of the bridge.  Their forces were so numerous that it was said you could not see all the way to the back of them.  Their banners covered the plain, and the dust of their movement caused a cloud to rise into the sky.  Their drums and songs could be heard for miles around.  We are told they even had crossbows, and when they were discharged the arrows fell like rain.  Of course, some of this may have just been more poetic license by the authors of the Nihon Shoki, but you get the picture:  There were a lot of troops on the western side of the river. The bridge itself was defended by General Chison.  We know very little of this general, as he only appears in this one part of the record, but his name implies that he may have been from the continent.  We aren't given a surname, and it is possible he was one of the Baekje refugees, now fighting for the Afumi court.  He led an advance body of specially selected troops, and in the middle of the bridge they had removed planks for about three rods or thirty feet.  Across that span was a single plank, daring anyone to try and cross it.  Of course, if they did, they would be a sitting duck in front of the enemy archers, and the plank was attached by a rope so that it could always be pulled out from under them.  It seemed as if it were impossible to advance. Finally, one of Woyori's soldiers, Ohokida no Kimi no Wakaomi, got up the courage to cross.  We are told that he put on double armor, put down his long spear, and drew his sword.  He then charged suddenly across the plank and cut the rope on the other side before the Afumi troops could pull it back.  In spite of the arrows that were raining down on him, he entered the ranks of the Afumi troops, slashing with his sword as he went.  The Afumi forces were thrown into confusion and some of them tried to leave, but General Chison drew his own sword and began to cut down anyone who tried to flee.  Still, he was unable to check the rout.  Woyori's troops secured the bridge and soon were pouring across it.  They cut down General Chison and advanced into the Afumi army, who broke and ran.  The Afumi sovereign, Ohotomo, aka Koubun Tennou, along with the Ministers of the Left and Right, narrowly escaped with their lives. Woyori and his troops marched to the foot of Awazu hill, and we are told that Hata no Yakuni, the Afumi commander who had earlier defected, and whose men were sent north to Koshi, set a siege to Miwo castle along with Izumo no Koma, who had defended against the attempted seizure of Tamakurabe.  Presumably this is Mio, south of Ohotsu, and it was likely guarding the southern approach to the Afumi capital. The only thing here that gives me pause is that we were earlier told that Yakuni's men, after he defected, were sent to Koshi.  So was Yakuni not with them?  Had he returned?  Or had the troops made it all the way around Lake Biwa already, taking the longer route up and around the lake? Regardless of how it happened, Yakuni and Koma were able to take Miwo castle.  As a reminder, a “castle” at this time would have likely been defined more by its walls, which were probably rammed earth and wood—not the elegantly sloping stone walls and  donjon base that would come to typify castles of the Warring States period. The following day, Woyori and his men continued their pursuit.  At the Awazu marketplace, Woyori ran into the Afumi generals Inukahi no Muraji no Isokimi and Hasama no Atahe no Shihote.  We mentioned Isokimi last episode—he was the Afumi commander attacking the Middle Road in the Nara Basin.  His deputy, Kujira, had been defeated, and it seems Isokimi had retreated back to Afumi and rejoined the main force. He would not be quite so fortunate this time.  Isokimi and Shihote were both slain, and Ohotomo fled once again.  He didn't get very far, hiding at Yamazaki, thought to be near the site of the modern city hall, in Ohotsu. Despite his best efforts, he knew he would be discovered, and he eventually strangled himself, rather than facing the humiliation and punishment that would come with capture. With Ohotomo dead, the other ministers of the Afumi court dispersed and fled.  Woyori and his men, meeting up at Sasanami, hunted down the Ministers of the Left and Right—Soga no Akaye and Nakatomi no Kane—as well as others who had fought with Ohotomo and who were considered criminals. They were all marched back to Fuwa, where, on the 25th day of the 7th month, Ohotomo's head was presented to Ohoama.  The war, it seems, was over. Or at least, the fighting was over.  There was still a lot to be settled.  First off, it would hardly have been practical to wipe out every single person on the losing side.  For one thing, that would have devastated the Court even further, likely creating a huge power vacuum.  In addition, many of the supporters on both sides were not necessarily there out of purely partisan reasons.  I would point out that many of the family names that we see in the record are found on both sides of the conflict.  Inukahi no Isokimi may have fought for Ohotomo, but we also see an Inukahi no Ohotomo fighting on the behalf of Ohoama.  Fumi no Nemaro was a major commander in Ohoama's army, while Fumi no Kusuri had been sent by the Afumi court to raise troops in the East Country.  And Hasama no Shihote was killed with Isokimi at Awazu, while a Hasama no Nemaro was working under the command of General Fukei, in Nara, to guard Tatsuta. There wasn't necessarily a simple divide along family lines.  It is possible that these individuals were all fairly well removed from each other, and from different parts of their respective families, or clans. They are often given different kabane, the family rank system used at this time, though I suspect that may have more to do with later changes, with those on the winning side being promoted over those who supported the Afumi court.  However, it is also the case that Japan has a long history of family members supporting both sides in any major conflict.  That way, no matter who wins, the family itself finds itself on the winning side. But there did have to be some accountability.  This is something that one can point to time and again—if the losing side is not held accountable for their actions, then what is to prevent them from just regrouping and trying again?  And yet that need for justice and punishment must be tempered with some amount of humanity. Ultimately, about one month after the end of the war, eight of the Afumi ministers were found guilty of truly heinous offences and they were condemned to suffer what the Nihon Shoki says was the “Extreme Penalty”.  The Minister of the Right, Nakatomi no Kane, was executed at Tane, in Asai.  Meanwhile the Minister of the Left, Soga no Akaye; along with the Dainagon, or Grand Councillor, Kose no Hito, as well as their children and grandchildren, along with the children of the late Nakatomi no Kane and Soga no Hatayasu, were all sent into banishment.  All others were pardoned. And of course those who had supported Ohoama, and who had come to his aid, were given public favour and reward.  In many cases this likely meant receiving high office and corresponding rank, along with increased stipend payments.  There is a notable shift in the makeup of the court, going forward, and it seems clear that families would want to associate themselves with those who fought on Ohoama's side, rather than Ohotomo's, if they could help it.  That was no doubt a part of works like the various diaries and house records that would have been used to compile the Nihon Shoki, recording the deeds that any house did for the throne. Along with all of the punishments and plaudits that were meted out in the 8th month of 672, there was one more event—something of an outlier.  We are told that Chihisakobe no Muraji no Sabichi, the governor of the province of Wohari, went off into the mountains and committed suicide. Sabichi had originally met Ohoama at the Kuwana district house—the local government office—when he had first arrived from Yoshino.  He had a large number of troops—20,000 by the Nihon Shoki's count—which helped Ohoama to ultimately defeat the Afumi court.  So why he would go off into the mountains and commit suicide was anyone's guess.  The Nihon Shoki suggests that it was possible that his allegiance had changed, and he may have been trying to plot against Ohoama.  Perhaps he had been convinced that Afumi court was going to come out on top, and so had begun some plot.  Or he just had a falling out or became disillusioned for some reason.  Whatever it was, it remains a mystery, even today. With the war concluded, it was time for Ohoama to make his way from the field to the Capital so that he could transition to ruling the State properly.  But Ohoama was not interested, it would seem, in setting himself up in his brother's capital.  Setting up in the Ohotsu capital may have raised a few eyebrows.  It had not been a completely popular move to begin with, and it was also the home of the Afumi court's legitimacy.  To take up the throne there, I can only imagine that it would have further reinforced the idea that Ohoama was the usurper, taking the throne that was meant for his nephew.  Instead, he made the decision to travel to the ancient capital, in Asuka, but he was not in a hurry. They headed out on the 8th day of the 9th month of 672, making it from Fuwa to Kuwana.  Here he likely met up with his wife, Princess Uno, and his ten year old son, Prince Ohotsu.  The following day they headed out, traveling back along the route that they had taken from Yoshino, but at a much more leisurely route.  The royal carriage stayed the night in Suzuka.  From there, it was another day to Abe, likely referring to modern Ahai county, in Iga, near Ueno city.  They then continued on to Nabari.  Finally, on the 12th day,they arrived at the Yamato capital—that is to say Asuka—and Ohoama took up residence for a time at the Shima Palace.  This was only, it seems, to give people time to get the actual palace ready, because three days later, Ohoama moved into the Wokamoto Palace.  And with that, Ohoama began the work of running the state—but there was still plenty to prepare.  For one thing, there were foreign embassies—Kim Ap-sil and others arrived.  It was still going to take a while to get the capital ready for guests, though.  From what we can tell, they were probably building a grand new palace, and it would take some time for it to be prepared.  So the Silla embassy was entertained in Tsukushi, where Prince Kurikuma would have been in charge of hosting them.  They were likely filled on the new developments and provided a ship. Meanwhile, Ohoama made sure that all of the appropriate rewards were given out.  On the 4th day of the 12th month, we are told that all those who had rendered services were given higher cap-ranks, based on what they had done. And as the year 672 closes out—and with it, the first of the two Chronicles for Ohoama, the soon-to-be elevated Temmu Tennou. But there is one final entry, marking the death of Wina no Kimi no Takami in the 12th month of the year.  We know that Wina no Kimi no *Iwasuki* was working for the Afumi court, sent to rally troops in the East, but he fled when they encountered Ohoama's troops at Fuwa Pass.  Takami, on the other hand, we know little about, but I suspect may have been on the side of Ohoama.  It is an odd entry, and, like so many, unexplained.  Perhaps it meant something to the people of the early 8th century, but if so, that meaning is likely lost to us. And so we close the book on the Jinshin no Ran—the Jinshin War, or possibly the Disturbance or even Rebellion, depending on how you feel about it.  This account is one of the most detailed we have of this kind of event, and yet it does not seem that it was entirely unique.  There are plenty of indications that previous sovereigns had to fight their way to the throne, or else had to repel others who would try to take it by force.  This was almost a tradition among the royal house of Yamato.  But now that the matter of succession was well and truly settled, it was time to get on with other things. Who knows what an Afumi court may have done and how they could have changed things.  What we do know is what Ohoama—and his queen, Uno no Himemiko—did.  They built upon, or in some cases possibly even fabricated, the legacy of Naka no Oe.  They would set in stone many of the things that had been put in place, and at the same time make certain changes, as well.  The Yamato state was getting started. And we'll start to dive into that next episode.  Until then, thank you once again for listening and for all of your support. If you like what we are doing, please tell your friends and feel free to rate us wherever you listen to podcasts.  If you feel the need to do more, and want to help us keep this going, we have information about how you can donate on Patreon or through our KoFi site, ko-fi.com/sengokudaimyo, or find the links over at our main website,  SengokuDaimyo.com/Podcast, where we will have some more discussion on topics from this episode. Also, feel free to reach out to our Sengoku Daimyo Facebook page.  You can also email us at the.sengoku.daimyo@gmail.com.  Thank you, also, to Ellen for their work editing the podcast. And that's all for now.  Thank you again, and I'll see you next episode on Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  

Co pił Jezus podczas Ostatniej Wieczerzy? Ile wina wypito w Kanie Galilejskiej? W dzisiejszym odcinku zaglądamy do kielicha – ewangelicznego.O znaczeniu wina w Piśmie Świętym opowiada teolog i biblista Paweł Rakowski, autor artykułu „Czerwone i białe” w najnowszym numerze „Tygodnika Powszechnego”.W Podkaście Tygodnika Powszechnego rozmawiamy o najważniejszych tematach „Tygodnika” z autorami, dziennikarzami i komentatorami.Zaprasza Michał Kuźmiński, wicenaczelny „Tygodnika”.Realizacja i montaż: Oliwia ŚwiątekMuzyka: Michał Woźniak

Co roku wraz z nadejściem lata wielu z nas oddycha z ulgą: przed nami perspektywa dłuższego snu, mniej nerwów w pracy, możliwość ucięcia sobie drzemki w ciągu dnia. To mrzonki. Stale jesteśmy zmęczeni, nasze umysły nie pracują na pełnych obrotach i nie udaje nam się zachować koncentracji, pomimo że letnie dni zdają się zapewniać więcej czasu na odpoczynek. Paradoks ten ma jednak swoje wytłumaczenie i jest ono całkiem proste: nie chodzi o to, jak długo śpimy, ale jak latem oddychamy podczas snu. Bo właśnie to przekłada się negatywnie na jego jakość. Jak się wyspać w upał? Autorka: Marta Sahelices Artykuł przeczytasz pod linkiem: https://www.vogue.pl/a/wiecej-spisz-ale-masz-mniej-energii-oto-jak-sie-wyspac-w-upal-digitalsyndication

To i więcej nauczań można znaleźć również na naszej stronie parakletos.pl.

Miała być sprawiedliwość, miało być rozliczenie. Emocje wyborcze napędzały obietnice Donalda Tuska: „rozliczymy PiS z każdego łajdactwa”. Minęło kilka miesięcy, a młyny sprawiedliwości mielą powoli, jeśli w ogóle. Kamiński i Wąsik ułaskawieni, Ziobro nieuchwytny, Romanowski w Budapeszcie. Głośne afery bez finału, a społeczeństwo coraz bardziej sfrustrowane. Władza zamiast rozliczać, sama musi się tłumaczyć. Tymczasem PiS, podbudowany zwycięstwem Karola Nawrockiego, odbudowuje pozycję. Czy karząca ręka sprawiedliwości jeszcze sięgnie winnych? A może... kara się oddala? Karolina Lewicka rozmawia z Ewą Siedlecką. Chcesz więcej treści od „Polityki”? Analizy, komentarze ekspertów i rozmowy: wszystko, co musisz wiedzieć o polityce (i nie tylko), w jednym miejscu. Skorzystaj z oferty specjalnej: kup subskrypcję z 30% zniżką na roczną subskrypcję Standard. Aktywuj kod TEMAT30 na stronie www.polityka.pl/kod/temat30.

Innalillahi wa inna ilaihi raaji'uunDunia pers Indonesia kembali berduka. Tokoh pers nasional sekaligus pakar hukum dan etika media, Wina Armada, wafat pada Kamis (3/7) sekitar pukul 15.59 WIB. Wina Armada dikenal luas sebagai insan Pers yang disegani. Semasa hidup, ia aktif menulis buku-buku penting tentang hukum pers, di antaranya Wajah Hukum Pidana Pers dan Menggugat Kebebasan Pers. Ia juga pernah menjadi editor sejumlah karya ilmiah di bidang komunikasi dan hukum media.Semoga almarhumah diterima iman islamnya, diampuni segala dosa kekhilafannya, dan mendapat tempat yang mulia di Surga-Nya Allah SWT.Wawancara dengan Wartawan Senior yang juga Pemerhati Infotaintment, Ilham Bintang

Dukacita mendalam bagi Insan Pers atas wafatnya wartawan senior dan tokoh pers nasional, Wina Armada Sukardi, yang berpulang pada hari ini. Wina Armada dikenal luas sebagai wartawan, advokat, penulis buku, sekaligus pengamat film. Ia telah lama berkiprah sebagai pengurus PWI Pusat, anggota Dewan Pers, dan Ketua Pelaksana Festival Film Wartawan Indonesia. Ia juga merupakan penulis aktif yang baru saja menyelesaikan buku Tafsir KUHP Baru (UU No. 1 Tahun 2023) setebal lebih dari 600 halaman. Bagaimana mengenal sosok Almarhum Wina Armada? dan bagaimana sikap Forum Pemred sebagai wadah yang concern terhadap tokoh pers? Talk bersama Ketua Forum Pemred, Retno Pinasti.

Today I'm sharing multiple miracles that happened the day I ran a half marathon May 2025. God is just so God and truly does care about our desires and want to help us!Things you'll hear me share:A recent listener healing testimony that came in about an ankle sprain being healed supernaturally. PRAISE GOD!Why sharing our testimonies are so important3 types of unbeliefWhy prayer and fasting is sometimes needed to give unbelief the bootThe power of surrender and thanksgiving and reminding God of scriptureNon-time and non-distance goals I had for this runBiblical techniques to fight against pain and WINA cool way God encouraged me through IG after the runWhat we can learn from Abraham about going with the Word of God and not what our bodies say to usThe beauty of processing emotions with God and being honest with HimWhy each healing testimony is unique Past episodes mentioned:My Testimony of a Healed Ankle Sprain All my running episodes can be found hereBiblical Fasting 101Tongues 101Speak to Your Body Like Jesus WouldConnect with Nyla:⁠⁠⁠⁠Nyla's IG ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Nyla's website⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Nyla's Christian business podcast On the Job with God⁠

Portugalia rozważa zmniejszenie dopuszczalnego limitu alkoholu we krwi kierowców do poziomu niespotykanego w Europie Południowej, bo mieszkańcy kraju piją dwa razy częściej, niż wynosi europejska średnia. To następstwo trwającej dekadę kampanii propagandowej, która przedstawiała konsumpcję wina jako obywatelski obowiązek, obejmujący również dzieci.

Wina Ricardo zingt de Somalische mafia de oren van het hoofd.Onze begintune is deze week gemaakt door Fred Meijer.Heb jij ook een goed, waargebeurd verhaal dat je wilt vertellen tijdens een Echt Gebeurd-middag? Ga dan naar onze website, want we zijn altijd op zoek naar nieuwe vertellers. Onze redactie leest alle inzendingen en neemt contact op als je verhaal geschikt lijkt. De thema's voor alle verhalenmiddagen van dit seizoen vind je hier.Echt Gebeurd is te volgen op Instagram, Facebook, Threads, BlueSky en LinkedIn.Voor mensen die het kunnen missen hebben we Vriend van de Show. Wil je donateur worden voor € 2,50 per maand of een eenmalige donatie doen, dan kan dat hier.Om te adverteren in onze podcast kun je contact opnemen met Dag en Nacht Media.Zie het privacybeleid op https://art19.com/privacy en de privacyverklaring van Californië op https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

The markets are taking a beating on Liberation Day tariff announcements. What do the announcements mean long term? It's anyone's guess. (00:21) Nick Sciple and Ricky Mulvey discuss: - Why markets are reacting so strongly to the reciprocal tariff announcements. - How investors can look for opportunities, but “not be a hero” right now. - Match Group's new artificial intelligence flirting game. Then, (17:24) Rick Munarriz joins Ricky for a conversation about Nintendo's new Switch 2, and how the device could boost earnings for the video game maker. Companies discussed: WINA, MTCH, OTC: NTDOY Host: Ricky Mulvey Guests: Nick Sciple, Rick Munnariz Producer: Mary Long Engineer: Dan Boyd Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Ben Criddle talks BYU sports every weekday from 2 to 6 pm.Today's Co-Hosts: Ben Criddle (@criddlebenjamin)Subscribe to the Cougar Sports with Ben Criddle podcast:Apple Podcasts: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/cougar-sports-with-ben-criddle/id99676

Tous les dimanches à minuit, Daniel Riolo propose une heure de show en direct avec Moundir Zoughari pour les passionnés de poker. Conseils d'un joueur professionnel, actualité, tournois... Votre rendez-vous poker, sur RMC !

W 2025 roku nie zwalniamy tempa więc czas na nowy #Nibyodcinek tym bardziej że sporo się dzieje! Tym razem dyskutujemy nad rekordowym kalendarzem festiwali polskiego wina i rekordową liczbą zdjęć z jednego z nich. Chwalimy także winno-kawową kooperację, XXX* oraz szukamy pierwszych hitów wśród polskich win w tym sezonie!* Tam gdzie XXX wątek którego nie pamiętam XD (M. Nowicki)** XXX = jak się prowadzi degustację z winiarzem-gawędziarzem (M. Sobieszuk, ale też musiałem sprawdzić XD)

Zradykalizowałem się, to wasza wina! Obiektywizm i cancel culture - CAŁA PRAWDA o MAGA

Dziennikarz Artur Żak analizuje piątkowe wydarzenia w USA. Zdaniem gościa programu specjalnego Radia Wnet do kłótni prezydentów mogło by nie dojść, gdyby spotkanie było zamknięte dla dziennikarzy.

Pesan buku bisa di Padmedia Publisher. Ikuti penulis di sini.

Skoro mamy Nowy Rok to i musimy mieć nowy #nibyodcinek! A że satyryczno-ironicznych tematów w ostatnich miesiącach nie brakowało, znowu się rozgadaliśmy! Tym razem pochylamy sie na zagadnieniem oświetlenia wydarzeń winiarskich i włączenia polskiego wina do kampanii prezydenckiej. Witamy także na scenie nowy szlak winiarski w Polsce i życzymy mu wszelkich sukcesów, zarazem znęcając się nad tymi które sukcesu nigdy już nie odniosą. Do odbiorników marsz!

Tous les dimanches à minuit, Daniel Riolo propose une heure de show en direct avec Moundir Zoughari pour les passionnés de poker. Conseils d'un joueur professionnel, actualité, tournois... Votre rendez-vous poker, sur RMC !

Wśród chrześcijan można spotkać różnych ludzi. Jedni z nich mają wino, drudzy wina nie mają.Do których z nich zaliczamy się my? Nagranie pod tytułem "Wina nie mają" oparte jest o historię znaną jako wesele w Kanie Galilejskiej. Ale nie tylko.Jak to najczęściej bywa w Domu Słowa, nie jest to typowa egzegeza podanych fragmentów Biblii.Skupiam się raczej na przesłaniu, które poruszyło mnie.Mam nadzieję, że poruszy również i Ciebie.Czego z serca życzę, na chwałę Pana Jezusa.   

Cody Peterson A first-time author, Cody has been a thoughtful student of spirituality and religion since adolescence, and he takes his own spiritual practice very seriously, believing that his recovery (and his life) depends on it. He defines his own version of meditation and yoga as "highlighting books" and sharing what he's learned through his writings and talks—the central feature of his day-to-day routine. To the delight of his family, including his two amazing adult children, Cody finally sobered-up over eleven years ago after spending time living on the streets of Las Vegas, Nevada, and he feels an urgent need to give back by “carrying the message” to newcomers to the Twelve Steps through volunteering at any number of drug and alcohol rehabilitation centers and detox-facilities every chance he can. Cody is a desert rat at heart with a deep love for the American southwest. An avid outdoor adventurer and owner of a small construction company with his wife, when he's not in a meeting, studying, or writing you can bet Cody is either climbing up one of the massive sandstone monoliths of Zion National Park or else descending down any of its myriad slot-canyons with his friends—always with ropes, of course. He loves mountain biking and trail-running too, especially with his three little dogs, Jeff, Wina, and Gooey. A first-time author, Cody has been a thoughtful student of spirituality and religion since adolescence, and he takes his own spiritual practice very seriously, believing that his recovery (and his life) depends on it. He defines his own version of meditation and yoga as "highlighting books" and sharing what he's learned through his writings and talks—the central feature of his day-to-day routine. To the delight of his family, including his two amazing adult children, Cody finally sobered-up over eleven years ago after spending time living on the streets of Las Vegas, Nevada, and he feels an urgent need to give back by “carrying the message” to newcomers to the Twelve Steps through volunteering at any number of drug and alcohol rehabilitation centers and detox-facilities every chance he can. Master of Your Crafts is a captivating podcast featuring conversations with individuals who have dedicated themselves to mastering their craft. Whether it's a gift, talent or skill that comes naturally to them, these individuals have taken ownership and honed their abilities to perfection. Through deep conversation, we delve into their inner dialogue, actions and life circumstances offering words of wisdom to empower and guide you on a journey to becoming the master of your own craft. For more information, visit our website https://masterofyourcrafts.com and Bright Shining Light Website: https://brightshininglight.com Stay connected with us: - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/masterofyourcrafts - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/MasterOfYourCrafts/ - Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/1M0vp9H... - ApplePodcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/ca/podcast... - Amazon Music: https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/b15... - Google Play: https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0...

The Eagles' win over the Ravens in Week 13 wasn't just the team's best on its current eight-game winning streak. It was quite possibly the best win of the season for any team. That's where Robert Mays and Derrik Klassen begin the Week 13 recap episode of The Athletic Football Show. The guys also discuss the Steelers winning a game in which they needed to score more than 38 points, Kirk Cousins' terrible, horrible, no good, very bad day, the crazy NFC West race, and a whole lot more.RundownEagles make statement with win over RavensThe NFC West race...You Have My AttentionSeahawks knock off JetsVikings sneak past CardinalsWho will win the NFC West?Pittsburgh Steelers, the likely AFC North Champs...You Have My Attention!Kirk Cousins...WTF?!?Buccaneers narrowly avoid WTF statusOK, Bryce YoungWashington's offense isn't dead yetThe Texans find a way to let us down, even when they winA 19-play, game-winning drive from the Colts?!?What Did We Learn Today?Host: Robert MaysCo-Host: Derrik KlassenExecutive Producer: Michael BellerProducer: Michael BellerSubscribe to The Athletic Football Show...AppleSpotifyYouTubeFollow Robert on Bluesky: @robertmays.bsky.socialFollow Derrik on Bluesky: @qbklass.bsky.socialFollow Robert on X: @robertmaysFollow Derrik on X: @QBKlassTheme song: HauntedWritten by Dylan Slocum, Trevor Dietrich, Ruben Duarte, Kyle McAulay, and Meredith VanWoert / Performed by Spanish Love SongsCourtesy of Pure Noise / By arrangement with Bank Robber Music, LLC Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

W drugim odcinku specjalnym tym razem zabieramy Was do Sandomierza gdzie już po raz dwunasty obchodzono Święto Młodego Wina. O tej tradycji rozmawiamy z tamtejszymi winiarzami, analizujemy czy takie wydarzenie to wyłącznie zabawa i zastanawiamy się nad jakością nowego rocznika. Oraz jak zawsze rozgadujemy się!

Trochę czasu upłynęło od ostatniego #nibyodcinka, a sporo się w tym czasie wydarzyło! Nadrabiamy więc wszelkie zaległości a zestaw wiadomości jest naprawdę imponujący! Rozmawiamy o celebrytach w polskich winnicach, pomysłach na import gron lepszych niż kukurydza oraz zapraszamy na Święto Młodego Wina do Sandomierza! A na dokładkę dorzucamy niskointerwencyjne polecajki od naszych producentów!

So the year 649 was so bad that they went and changed the whole calendar to forget about it!  In 650 a white pheasant is brought to the court, and they sieze on that as a chance to rename the era from Taika to Hakuchi.  That should make things better, right? This episode we talk about this event--their reasoning, as well as what is recorded as having happened.  We also take a look at the completion of the Ajifu no Miya and how it was renamed to the Naniwa no Toyosaki no Nagara no Miya, or the Toyosaki Nagara Palace of Naniwa.  This is thought to be what we know today as the Early Naniwa Palace, and it was a real change, and, in many ways, the physical manifestation of the Taika era reforms. For photos and more, check out https://sengokudaimyo.com/podcast/episode-113 Rough Transcript: Welcome to Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  My name is Joshua, and this is Episode 113: The White Pheasant.   The officials of the court stood sentinel at the palace gates, a formidable line of authority draped in flowing, vibrant robes that signified their rank. Each step down the line revealed a cascade of colors, a living tapestry of power and prestige. Only the envoys from distant shores stood apart, their unique uniforms adding an exotic flair to the proceedings, as well as a certain legitimacy as outside witnesses.   The air crackled with anticipation as the crowd waited, their breath held, until four figures emerged, bearing aloft a magnificent litter adorned with intricate decorations that shimmered as they caught the sun's rays.   Upon that litter rested a cage, and within it,a dazzling white pheasant, plucked from the untamed wilds of Anato. Whispers rippled through the throng; some questioned the significance of this fragile creature, while others dared to see it as a divine omen. Was this bird as pure as the tales had promised? The capital had buzzed with rumors ever since its unexpected arrival, and those in the back stretched their necks, desperate for a glimpse of this rare marvel.   The past year had cast a shadow over the Yamato court, leaving the air thick with uncertainty. Yet, this ethereal bird, shimmering with the promise of renewal, seemed to herald a shift—an opportunity for rebirth that everyone craved.  At the very least it was a much needed distraction from everything that had previously occurred.   As the litter glided past, the courtiers bowed deeply in reverence, forming two disciplined lines that followed through the grand gates. Together, they marched into the palace, hearts pounding with hope. They were not just entering a building; they were stepping into a new era, one that, with a whisper of fate, could rise above the struggles of the past.     This episode we kick off the start of a new era—the Hakuchi era, or the era of the White Pheasant.  It followed the Taika era, and it does have a different feel.  It is less about new edicts and more about how things were shaking out and coming together.  And one of the things that was coming together was the Nagara no Toyosaki palace, which is believed to be the same one known to archaeologists as the “Early Naniwa Palace” unearthed in Ohosaka and dated to the mid-7th century.  We'll actually start with a look at this palace, continuing our discussion from last episode, as our sovereign, Karu, aka Koutoku Tennou, seems to have been a bit crazy about all of his palaces, and figuring out just which is which can be an issue in and of itself. We'll also touch on the start of this new era, and look at why and what it meant to come up with a new era name—a new “nengou”—in the middle of a reign like this.  And so we catch ourselves at the start of the year 650, still, technically, in the Taika era.  The year started well enough, with the sovereign celebrating the new year at the Ajifu palace and then coming straight back—the Ajifu palace was apparently yet another new palace and it seems construction had only recently begun.  Now, There is some confusion between the Ajifu palace and the Toyosaki palace.  The Ajifu palace is traditionally thought to have been located on the opposite side o f the Yodo river, in the area of modern Settsu city, on the site of what became the Ajifu Shrine.  Others have suggested that it was actually on the Kanimachi plateau, which is where the Toyosaki palace was.  Notably the “Toyosaki” palace is not located anywhere near the modern area of “Toyosaki” with which it seems to share a name.  From what little information we have, it seems to have been quite the complex.  As to why he would need yet another palace, I could not say.  And yet, later we see that the Ajifu Palace is eventually named the Nagara Toyosaki Palace.  So are they one and the same?  Did they move the Toyosaki Palace?  Or did they build the Toyosaki Palace and then *rebuild* it as the Ajifu Palace—aka the Nagara Toyosaki Palace? At this point the way that the Chronicles talk about it, the Ajifu palace site seems to have been almost purely conceptual, while previous accounts seem to indicate that the Toyosaki Palace was already in use.  That would have made for an interesting New Year's celebration, probably in temporary buildings erected quickly amongst the grass and fields, with some nearby tomb mounds that would need to be leveled or moved to make room, we are later told.  It seems they were still surveying the site, but I guess Karu really was looking for a change.  And so he celebrated the new year at the Ajifu palace, but quickly returned back to wherever the work of the government was actually occurring. As to where that was, well, we talked last episode about all of Karu's meanderings from one palace to the other.  The Nihon Shoki text itself is not exactly clear, as I read it.  It doesn't help that the term for palace, or “miya”, appears to refer to both a complex and a single residence, without a clear distinction given between the two.  And so, though I mentioned it last episode, let's recap what we know about the palaces this reign. So in 645, we are told that Karu decided upon Naniwa and we are told that this is the “Toyosaki” palace.  Then in 646, Karu took up residence in the “detached” palace of Koshiro in Sayabe, Naniwa.  This was likely him repurposing the Miyake, the government offices with the royal granaries.  He was only there for about two months, though, before he returned.  Then, in the third month of 646, he issues an amnesty claiming to have taken up residence in the new palace—but we aren't told which one. In 647, two years into the reign, the government offices at Wogohori are torn down and a palace was built there.  Now this is somewhat confusing because there appear to be two government districts:  Wogohori and Ohogohori.  You'll probably notice how similar these two sound, though it may have been more like “wogopori” and “opogopori”. Back in the day.  Wo-gohori, or the “Small District”, is mentioned once, but mainly just as a place name.  Ohogohori, or the “Big District” has previously shown up as the place with government offices for the envoys from overseas.   Confusing matters, in a later entry, Karu eventually moves out of the palace at Oho-gohori and into the palace that would be known as the Nagara Toyosaki palace.  So was he at Wogohori and then later at Ohogohori?  Or was there some scribal error such that the two got confused? And then in 648 we are told that Karu moved into the Toyosaki palace in Naniwa.  Two years later, in 650, and he is now celebrating New Year's at the Ajifu palace, which may refer to a location on the other side of the Yodo river, but is likely in the spot we now think of as the Nagara Toyosaki Palace.  We then know that in 651 they were still building a palace.  And it isn't until the last day of 651 that Karu would formally move from Ohogori into the Ajifu palace, which we are told was then renamed the Nagara no Toyosaki no Miya---the Nagara Toyosaki Palace. I have several thoughts on all of this.  One, is that there may have been two “Toyosaki” palaces—there was the Toyosaki palace that he first moved into, and then there is the Nagara Toyosaki Palace.  “Nagara” appears to mean something like “Long Handle”, but other than that, I don't know that there is a good translation.  It may refer to the fact that it was meant to last longer, or that it was even larger than the previous palace.  It may even be that the original Toyosaki Palace was just a few of the buildings, and that eventually it grew into the larger Nagara Toyosaki Palace, but if that is the case, what is up with term “Ajifu”?  Was that just one building in the larger palace?  Or are earlier mentions of “Toyosaki” anachronistic, and perhaps it wasn't until the entire thing was complete that they gave it that name?  Many modern accounts appear to conflate the Toyosaki palace with the Nagara no Toyosaki Palace, saying it just took that long to build.  That would imply that the Ajifu palace really was there on the Kamimachi plateau, at the known Naniwa palace site.  Alternatively, “Nagara” could possibly have been a reference to the fact that the Ajifu palace was an extension of the larger Toyosaki complex, possibly built out of the government offices of either Wogohori or Ohogohori. For all that we don't know exactly what was happening here, we have a pretty good idea in the archaeological record about at least one of the palace sites on the Kamimachi plateau.  This site has been identified as the Toyosaki palace of Karu, aka Koutoku Tennou, and it would actually be reused at a later date.  Sure enough, there are remains of at least two palace complexes on the site, with the one from our period known as the “Early Naniwa Palace” site. Based on its size and layout, this Early Naniwa palace was the first of its kind.  Previous palaces in Asuka had not dissimilar designs in terms of the general arrangement, but this clearly made use of the structure of continental style palace complexes, and was likely intended to be a new, permanent capital. The north of the palace complex consisted of a rectangular, walled section 185 meters east to west and 200 meters north to south, making up the “dairi”.  That's almost 10 acres of enclosed space, set aside as the sovereign's personal living quarters. South of that was a smaller area with the front hall, one of the largest for its time.  It was 36 meters east to west and 19 meters north to south.  This would have been the hall called the “Daigokuden” in later palaces, where official rituals would take place.  There was a gate between it and the Dairi, to the north, as well as a gate to the south, flanked by two octagonal buildings, which led to the Chodoin, the main working area of the court complex. This is part of what sets this palace apart from others, and why it likely took a while to build.  It may also explain all the different palace names as there was probably a lot of construction for a long time.  In previous instances, as far as we can tell, the sovereign's palace was both their home and the building where state business was conducted.  Think, perhaps, of the White House, in the US, and then imagine that the White House, the Capitol Building, and the Supreme Court were all part of the same compound, with only the barest of concessions to privacy between them.  In this new layout, the dairi was reserved to the sovereign, there was a small area for the official throne room, and then south of that was the Chodoin, the court hall complex. This was a huge change to how things had operated in the past.  While the main audience hall was still nominally part of the dairi, so the “private” areas of the palace weren't entirely “private”, it was still leaps and bounds more separated than in the previous palaces we've uncovered.  Sure, the idea of lining up buildings from the front gate to the larger buildings towards the back, making people approach successively larger and more impressive buildings, generally seems to have been a thing as far back as the Makimuku Palace near Mt. Miwa, back in the third century, but even then, there is no clearly defined separation between the public and private spaces of the sovereign.  There does seem to have been restrictions on who could enter what parts of the compound, with the sovereign's personal quarters being the most restricted, but now there were walls and gates and guards separating one area from another. The Chodoin itself, the main “business” or “public” area of the court, appears to have been about 262.8 meters north to south and 233.6 meters east to west—a little over 15 acres.  Most of that was open space between the 14 “choudou” halls lined up symmetrically, 7 on either side.  These were the individual buildings where the various government officials were to meet and conduct business, as well as conduct rituals, feasts, etc.  There was a southern gate that provided the entrance to the Chodoin and led to another large area with the Choshuden, the buildings where officials could change into and out of their formal court uniforms, and otherwise prepare for or close out the day.  South of that was the main gate for the entire compound, the Suzaku gate, named for Suzaku, the red bird of the south, one of the four directional guardian spirits. We know the buildings largely from their post holes.  They were made of wood, and it is likely that most of them were thatched.  They may have been painted white, vermillion, and green—classic paints that were based on continental styles and which were said to help prevent the wooden pillars from rotting too quickly.  It is unsurprising that this would have taken years—but it is also possible that they built some quarters for the sovereign and then built out from there.  This also would have been key to a lot of the governmental reforms, providing an actual location for the work that the reforms were directing. Of course, there was a lot of work to be done, and the halls in the palace were limited, so two areas to the east and west of the complex were set aside and appear to have been built up with other government offices, suitable for carrying out the day to day minutiae that was required. There is still a question of whether or not they also instituted the larger grid system city layout around the palace complex.  Currently we have no evidence for that, though perhaps they were considering it, eventually.  Unfortunately, with all of the construction in Osaka over time, I don't know if we could be able to find or discern such a layout if we did find it.  For now, we will stick with what we know:  an absolute unit of a court complex that took them several years to build. Getting back to the Chronicles: Our next entry in the Nihon Shoki, after the New Years celebration, tells us that in the second month, Kusakabe no Muraji no Shikofu, the governor of Anato Province, brought a white pheasant to the court.  The report claimed that it had been caught by Nihe, a relative of Obito, the Kuni no Miyatsuko of Anato, on the 9th day of the first month, on Mt. Wonoyama. For reference, the land of Anato was at the far western end of Honshu, part of the San'yodo, itself a designation for the lands along the Seto Inland Sea coast from Harima, modern Hyogo prefecture, out to Anato, modern Yamaguchi prefecture.  It was on the Honshu side of the Shimonoseki strait, which was the main entrance from the Korean Strait and the Japan Sea to the Seto Inland Sea.  The area would later be known as Nagato, which would eventually be called Choshu, an area which any students of the fall of the Tokugawa shogunate are sure to recognize. We discussed back in Episode 94 how white or albino animals—assuming they weren't normally white—were considered particularly auspicious.  So in 598, the land of Koshi sent a white deer they had found to the court of Kashikiya Hime, which is to say Suiko Tenno.  And so the white pheasant from Anato was clearly seen as an omen—but was it truly auspicious.  Here we see the court investigating this, and how exactly they go about that is somewhat enlightening as to how the court thought in general. First, they made inquiry of the lords of Baekje—I would suspect this referred to those recognized as Baekje nobility residing in the archipelago, rather than sending a correspondence to the peninsula and back.  That they went to someone from Baekje would seem to indicate the importance they placed on Baekje as a conduit for continental learning.  Indeed, the answer they got back—whether from a single, unnamed individual or a group of Baekje nobility—was that White Pheasants were recorded in the 11th year of Yongping, which would be 68 CE to us, during the reign of Ming of the later Han dynasty.  Han Mingdi, aka Emperor Ming of Han was born Liu Yang and also known as Liu Zhang, reigned from 57 to 75 CE.  Ming and his son, Emperor Zhang oversaw a period of particular prosperity for the Eastern Han dynasty.  On the other hand, there was an attempt to curse Emperor Ming in 67 CE, which ended with the death of the ambitious Prince Jing of Guanglin.  Then, in 70, Prince Ying of Chu was also convicted of using magic to try and secure blessings while he fomented revolution against the emperor, and he was exiled, where he committed suicide.  So I don't know if this marks the pheasant as particularly auspicious or not. Asking the Buddhist priests, who frequently studied not just Buddhist canon, but other continental texts, they mostly drew a blank—at least on the specifics of a white pheasant.  They did recommend that a general amnesty would not be amiss, as it would bring joy to the people.  I guess if you aren't sure about the nature of an omen you can certainly do something to help it out. And while they weren't specifically sure about a white pheasant in Buddhist scripture, a couple of priests did have suggestions. The Priest Doutou recounted a story from Goguryeo, when the court there wished to build a new Buddhist temple, but could not divine a suitable and auspicious site.  When someone witnessed a white deer, they chose that spot for the temple, which was then called the Temple of the Park of the White Deer.  According to Doutou, this temple established Buddhism in Goguryeo. Furthermore, he recounted, when a white sparrow was seen on the farmstead of another temple, or when a dead crow with three legs had been brought back from the Tang dynasty, the people had proclaimed both of these to be good omens.  So given all of that, Priest Doutou concluded, a white pheasant must be especially auspicious. The Priest Bin agreed.  Bin, you may recall, had been heavily relied upon for his knowledge in setting up the new governmental structure, which would seem to indicate that he was quite well-versed in continental ideas, and he had even traveled there himself.  He provided the court several different reasons that a white pheasant might appear. First, it might appear when a ruler extended his influence to all four quarters. Second, it might appear when the sovereign's sacrifices are appropriate, and when his banquets and clothing are in due measure. Third, it might appear when the sovereign cultivates frugality. Finally, it might appear when the sovereign was humane. He didn't provide any specific examples of how he arrived as his conclusions—at least nothing was recorded—and so he may have been relying on his own expertise.  However, he did recount one tale in particular.  It was a story from the time of Emperor Cheng Wang of the Zhou dynasty.  Cheng Wang is said to have reigned in the 11th century BCE, from 1042 to 1021, and so take that how you will.  Important to us is not what happened so much as what the Yamato court believed had happened—what was the historical truth that they were workin with at the time? According to Bin, during Cheng Wang's reign, the Yuehshang family brought a white pheasant to the court.  Apparently it had been three years without any exceptional storms or rains, and neither the rivers nor seas had flooded.  Apparently the old men found this an extremely long time to go without some kind of disaster, indicating that the pheasant was clearly an auspicious omen in deed. Priest Bin also mentioned other accounts, but the Chroniclers omitted them from the record. Whatever they were, the court had heard enough.  The White Pheasant was declared auspicious, and a new era was declared:  the Hakuchi, or White Pheasant, era.  They let the white pheasant loose in the royal garden, presumably with clipped wings or otherwise kept from flying off, and then preparations were made  immediately to officially inaugurate the new era 6 days later, on the 15th day of the 2nd month of 650. Before we get into that, though, I want to pause and take a look at something here:  The authority of precedent.  Time, as conceived of in the continental model, was cyclical.  There was the cycle of day and night.  The cycle of the year and the repeating seasons.  Likewise the planets and heavens all had their own cyclical periods.  In addition, there was the idea that the Yin and Yang forces in the universe likewise cycled through predictable patterns—the sexagenary cycle, or cycle of 60 years, being an example of a longer term cycle.  And then there was the Buddhist cycle or death and rebirth, at least as long as one remained tied to this mortal plane of existence. If time is cyclical, then one can look to the past to predict the present.   Stories of the past were seen as holding authority over similar events in the present.  Understanding these historical stories and being able to pull from them provided its own kind of power and authority.  Rather than attempting to reason from first principles, precedent was often a more convincing argument. Being able to read and write and recall all of these stories gave scholars the ability to influence events.  Of course, who had time to do all that other than people like Buddhist priests or the doctors of the court? This is also one of the reasons that people would have had to write down histories and, eventually, to keep diaries and accounts of what happened.  Those accounts would, over time, become essential records to invoke for moments like this—and even a record like the Nihon Shoki or the Kojiki would have similar significance.  In many ways, it is propaganda, but not just in how it describes the past as the Chroniclers wished it to be, but it set the precedent for succeeding eras to look back on.  While we may challenge that view, today, for many from the 8th century onward the events described in the Nihon Shoki were considered the gospel truth in more ways than one. Of course, all that aside, we've had plenty of auspicious events before, but why, now, would they be enough to trigger a new era?  Why not just note them and move on? Well, to start with, let's face it, nobody is likely to name 649 as the greatest year ever, any time soon, and certainly not the Yamato court.  The Crown Prince, Naka no Oe, had been tricked into thinking that his co-conspirator, Soga no Kurayamada no Ishikawa no Maro, was a traitor.  To be fair, Maro had been more than complicit in the murderous takedown of his own relatives to set up the current government, and history has time and again suggested that those who put someone on the throne can just as easily take them off it.  That's why they are often either brought deeper into the inner circle, or removed—either physically or more euphemistically.  In this case, though, it seems that fears of Naka no Oe and others were unjustified, and they sent the royal troops after an innocent man; or at least a man as innocent as any of the other elites at that time.  After all, the wealth of the elites came from the rice fields that they owned—or that were at least designated for their stipends—and they certainly weren't working those fields themselves, so make of that what you will. All of that had led to the death of Maro, his family, and the rest of his household.  That, in turn, led to the death of his daughter, Miyatsuko Hime, who was married to Naka no Oe himself.  When they finally did realize what had happened, the best justice they could figure out was to send the scandal-mongering Soga no Musa out to Tsukushi in a form of luxurious banishment.  Demotion by promotion, as he was made the Viceroy of Tsukushi, the top man of the court at the edge of the archipelago. To say that the year 649 had been a bust is an understatement.  Don't get me wrong, it was a far cry from the worst year that the archipelago had ever experienced—or would in the future, for that matter.  But that was scant comfort to the folks living in it. And so it was with some relief, I suspect, that the court welcomed news from the far flung land of Anato, because they really needed a distraction. With that in mind, let us move on to the events of the 15th day of the 2nd month of the year 650, describing how they inaugurated the new era.  Now, if the Chronicles are to be believed, this is not the first time they inaugurated a new era—we are told that year 645 was considered the first year of Taika, or Great Change.  But, assuming that did happen, and that it wasn't just named after the fact, the era would have started at the same time as a new reign.  Previously, from everything we can tell, dates were based regnal years.  Things are recorded as happening in the X year of Y sovereign.  Some of the oldest accounts seem to even note it more as X year of the sovereign who reigned from the Y palace, as the palace was likely more distinct a feature than the names and titles that they used, and the posthumous names, like “Koutoku Tennou” were not actually used until the end of the 7th or early 8th century. It is possible that Hakuchi is actually the first true nengo—or era name—and the first one that appears in the middle of a reign—though even here some say that the instantiation of “Hakuchi” is anachronistic. Personally, I see no harm in taking it at face value, at least for now, while acknowledging that everything in the Nihon Shoki is suspect.  Still, we are approaching a time when the events being written down may have still been in the living memory of people alive at that time.  720 is only 70 years away, and the project started even before then, so unless there are obvious discrepancies or supernatural events, we can probably assume that the Chronicles at this point are largely truthful, if possibly embellished. And so it is we are told of what happened.  To begin with, the court lined the ministers of the left and right and all of the functionaries in four lines outside the “purple” gate, as they would during a New Year's reception, like the one they had just had at the Ajifu palace.  The “Purple” gate was probably a reference to the southern gate The fact that the courtiers lined up at the south gate in the same way that they would have during a New Year's reception would seem to indicate that this was seen as the start of a new year.  It was no longer a Taika year—starting on that day it was now the first year of Hakuchi.  The month and day would not change, however, so it was still the 15th day of the 2nd month.  That means that technically the first year of Hakuchi would only have ten and a half months in the year—maybe eleven and a half, if there was an extranumerary month.  Likewise, the last year of Taika would only have one and a half months.  And if you are thinking that must make Japanese dates really tricky around the start or end of year, you don't know the half of it.  Sometimes events will get placed in the wrong “era” because they happened a few months before or after the change, and people forget that when they are translating to and from western dates.  It also means era names can't just give you the years of the era, but really need to give you the month and date it starts and ends.  Fortunately, most people are quite understanding about the occasional mistake.  But anyway, I digress. The courtiers were lined up as though for new years, and then they watched as Ahata no Omi no Ihimushi and three others bore a litter with the pheasant on it and went ahead through the gates.  The others followed in rank order—with the Ministers of the Left and Right leading the various functionaries.  The Baekje prince Pungjang and his uncle, Sesyeong Chyungseung, whom we mentioned back in Episodes 105 and 107, as well as Mochi, the physician to the King of Goguryeo, a scholar attached to the court of Silla, along with other important persons all advanced as well into the Central court of the palace. The pheasants litter was taken up by Mikuni no Kimi no Maro, Wina no Kimi no Takami, Miwa no Kimi no Mikaho, and Ki no Omi no Maro, who brought it to the front of the hall.  There, the ministers of the left and right then took the front of the litter, while the Prince of Ise, Mikuni no Kimi no Maro, and Kura no Omi no Woguso took hold of the rear.  Together, they placed it in front of the throne.  The sovereign, Kura, and the Crown Prince, Naka no Oe, examined the pheasant together. The Crown Prince then backed away, and the new Minister of the Left, Kose no Omi, presented a congratulatory address. He gave thanks to the sovereign and claimed that the pheasant was a sign that the sovereign would rule for one thousand autumns and ten thousand years across the Great Eight Islands—the Ohoyashima—of the archipelago and the four quarters of the earth.  Effectively, this is a long-winded version of “Banzai”, the congratulatory wish of ten thousand years of life for an emperor. Karu responded to this address by quoting auspicious times that white animals had been omens of good rule.  He then gave credit to the ministers and functionaries, and urged them to continue to provide good service.  Then he declared a general amnesty, forgiving various offenses, and noted that the era name would change to “Hakuchi”. Karu then directed presents to be handed out to the Ministers, the Daibu, the officials of lower rank, all the way down to the clerks.  Each received gifts commensurate with their rank.  Finally, Kusakabe no Muraji no Shikofu, the governor of Anato, was commended, and granted the rank of Daisen along with what we are told were a goodly number of presents.  In addition, the commuted taxes and corvees of Anato were remitted for three years, meaning that Anato would be allowed to keep all of the rice and product for themselves—something that was likely quite significant, though it is unclear whether this means that it was felt down at the level of basic workers or it just meant that the governor was able to keep what he taxed from the people for himself. And with that, we enter a new era.  Forget the unfortunate bloodshed and regrettable decisions of the previous year, this was a new start.  And that is often how these eras were seen.  Whether it was a new reign or things were just going so poorly that the court felt there needed to be a new start, future nengo would often follow a similar pattern.   And there was no set time for how long an era would last.  In fact, here's a little trivia for you:  The shortest nengo in Japanese history was “Ryakunin”, and it lasted just under two and a half months from late 1238 to the start of 1239.  It really shows how important it was to come up with a good name of these eras, as “ryakunin”, which seems to mean something like “humane period”, could also be written with characters meaning “abbreviated person”.  So they decided to abbreviate the era, instead, changing the era name again. This first year of the new era of Hakuchi continued relatively normally.  In the fourth month there were envoys from Silla—another source, according to the Nihon Shoki, claimed that Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla sent envoys every year from this reign onward.  Then, in the tenth month, we see more work being done on the palace—presumably the Ajifu palace.  We are told that presents were given out in respect to tombs that had been demolished to make room for the new construction, as well as for the people who had been moved off their land.  Then Aratawi no Atahe no Hirafu was sent to place the boundary posts, no doubt marking out the outer extremities of the new palace precincts. In addition, that month work began—no doubt at the court's direction—on a giant tapestry, or mandala, with a sixteen foot tall Buddha image, attendant Boddhisatvas, and figures of all eight classes of beings according to the Buddhist cosmology.  That includes Heavenly beings, such as Devas; dragons; demonic Yaksha, Gandharva, and Asura; the bird-like Garuda and Kimnara; and the snake-like Mahoraga.  All told, there were some 46 figures.  It doesn't seem to say where it was to be installed, though it may have been made for the new palace complex. Also in that year we are told that the court ordered Aya no Yamaguchi no Atahe no Ohoguchi to carve one thousand images of Buddha—but once again, we aren't told where they resided.  We do know that the 16 foot tall embroidered Buddha was completed in the 3rd month of 651: it had taken them approximately five months.  The day after they were completed, the Dowager Queen, Takara no Himemiko, aka the former sovereign, Kougyoku Tennou, who had stepped down in 645, invited ten Buddhist teachers and prepared a feast and entertainment, likely to bless and show off the completed images. At the end of 651, the palace itself was finally complete.  We are told that over 2100 priests were invited to the Ajifu palace to read the Issaikyo on  the last day of the year.  The Issaikyo is the entirety of the Buddhsit canon, and so this was probably done in the abbreviated tendoku style, with priests just reading the chapter headings and flipping through the sutras, though with 2100 it is possible they just each red a different portion, all at the same time.  As it grew dark, the palace courtyard was kept bright with 2700 lights while we are told that the Antaku and Dosoku sutras were read.  Aston notes that these “sutras” of Antaku and Dosoku don't appear to reference any actual sutras that we know of, and posits that they may simply be rituals for home safety and the like.  Given what we know about the fate of so many of these old wooden palaces, it makes sense. After the sutras were read, the sovereign, Karu, formally moved from his residence in Ohogohori into the new palace, which was called Naniwa no Nagara no Toyosaki no Miya.  As I noted at the beginning, it is unclear if this was the Ohogohori or Wogohori, and it is even somewhat murky as to whether or not it was considered a palace.  Not to mention that after the New Year's ceremonies were completed, the royal chariot—which would have been carrying the sovereign—went back to Ohogohori.  I guess things weren't quite ready yet.  He would return on the 9th day of the third month, and even then we don't see a note that the palace was completed until the 9th month of 652.. There is a lot here where we see things that appear to be scheduled so that they can occur on auspicious days, even if everything else isn't quite ready.  So, for example, reading the sutras and formally “moving” into the palace on the last day of the year so that one could host the New Year's celebration there the next day.  That seems like something that was done purely for ceremonial purposes.  You may recall that in 650 they did the same thing. There are a few more references to the palace.  On the 15th of the 4th month of 652, the Buddhist ascetic E'on was invited into the Dairi to explain the Muryouju Sutra, also known as the Sukhavati Vyuha sutra.  E'on was made a lecturer, and there were said to be 1,000 ascetics in the audience, listening to his teachings.  That apparently went on for five days, being discontinued on the 20th day.  And the power of the sutras, and E'on's teachings, is shown in the weather, because the Chronicles claim that large rains began to fall in a monsoon that lasted for nine days.  This wasn't a gentle “water your crops” kind of rain.  This was more like a “demolish your buildings and destroy your fields” kind of rain.  There must have been massive flooding as men, horses, and cattle were caught up in the water and drowned. Given the way this is written, I'm not entirely certain of the takeaway.  Were the sutras that powerful that they brought rain, and E'on didn't understand his own strength?  Or was it a punishment for stopping E'on from continuing his lecture?  Or was it the rains that caused the lectures to stop, perhaps making it untennable for people to sit out in the courtyard and listen as the rains came down?  My rational brain suspects the latter, but I'm not sure how it was read by the people of the 8th century. On the last day of 652, priests and nuns from around the country were invited to the dairi, to the interior of the palace, and entertained and given a feast.  Alms were given and lights kindled to celebrate the new year. But that's the last entry I really see for the palace, as such.  There was plenty more happening through the era, and we'll touch on that.  We start to see Silla and Tang dynasty getting chummy, and we also see some of the reforms still working their way across the land.  We also have Yamato's own expeditions out to the Great Tang dynasty.  But we'll save that for the next episode, as we continue to dive into the Hakuchi era. And so, until next time, thank you for listening and for all of your support. If you like what we are doing, please tell your friends and feel free to rate us wherever you listen to podcasts.  If you feel the need to do more, and want to help us keep this going, we have information about how you can donate on Patreon or through our KoFi site, ko-fi.com/sengokudaimyo, or find the links over at our main website, SengokuDaimyo.com/Podcast, where we will have some more discussion on topics from this episode. Also, feel free to reach out to our Sengoku Daimyo Facebook page.  You can also email us at the.sengoku.daimyo@gmail.com.  Thank you, also, to Ellen for their work editing the podcast. And that's all for now.  Thank you again, and I'll see you next episode on Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.

Kencan Dengan Tuhan - Minggu, 22 September 2024 Bacaan: "Tetapi dalam semuanya itu kita lebih dari pada orang-orang yang menang, oleh Dia yang telah mengasihi kita." (Roma 8:37) Renungan: Viktor Frankl adalah seorang keturunan Yahudi yang lahir pada tanggal 26 Maret 1905 di Wina, Austria. Setelah besar, ia mulai menunjukkan minat pada psikiatri. Dan pada usia 25 tahun, ia menjadi seorang dokter medis yang berhasil di Wina. Tetapi tahun 1942, empat tahun setelah serbuan Nazi ke Austria, ia ditangkap bersama orang-orang Yahudi lainnya dan ditempatkan di kamp konsentrasi. Di sana ia mengalami penderitaan dan ketakutan yang tidak terucapkan dan ia kehilangan seluruh keluarganya: istrinya yang hamil, orang tuanya, dan saudara laki-lakinya. Sebagian besar teman sepenjaranya dibunuh. Namun Frankl tidak, ia dapat bertahan hidup di kamp konsentrasi, bahkan menghibur orang-orang lainnya. Akhirnya, setelah 2,5 tahun mendekam di kamp konsentrasi, Frankl dibebaskan oleh tentara Amerika, lalu ia kembali ke Wina. Setelah perang usai, ia bertekad menggunakan pengalamannya di kamp konsentrasi untuk menolong orang lain. Ia kembali ke bangku sekolah dan memperoleh gelar doktor. Frankl juga menjadi terkenal sebagai pendiri Logoterapi, yang sering disebut sebagai Sekolah Psikoterapi Wina Ketiga. Sampai ia berusia 85 tahun, Frankl mengajar di Wina sebagai seorang Professor neurologi dan psikiatri. la telah memberikan kuliah di 209 universitas di lima benua. Ia menerima 29 gelar doktor kehormatan dan memiliki lebih dari 150 buku yang ditulis tentang diri dan pekerjaannya dalam 15 bahasa yang berbeda. Frankl meninggal pada tanggal 2 September 1997 di Wina, dalam usia 92 tahun. Frankl adalah salah satu contoh orang yang mempunyai daya juang tinggi. Walau ia telah banyak mengalami penderitaan dalam hidupnya, namun ia tetap bertahan dan menjadi berkat bagi orang lain! Berdasarkan pengalaman hidupnya di kamp konsentrasi, Frankl menyimpulkan bahwa apa pun penderitaan yang dialami seseorang, ia masih tetap punya kebebasan untuk memilih sikapnya. Dalam keadaan sesulit apa pun, kita masih punya kebebasan untuk memilih sikap kita, apakah kita akan menyerah ataukah kita tetap bertahan demi meraih masa depan yang lebih baik, bahkan menjadi berkat bagi orang lain. Hendaklah kita memilih untuk tetap bertahan! Sebab bersama Tuhan Yesus kita pasti mampu mengatasi semua tantangan hidup. Tuhan Yesus memberkati. Doa: Tuhan Yesus, ajarilah aku menyadari bahwa bersama Engkau aku mampu mengatasi setiap persoalan hidupku. Amin. (Dod).

Każdy moment jest dobry na stworzenie zupełnie nowego cyklu! Dlatego po odcinkach standardowych oraz tych na niby, tym razem ruszamy z sekcją specjalną, w której koncentrować będziemy się na relacjach z konkretnych wydarzeń w konkretnych regionach naszego kraju. Na początek najbardziej międzynarodowe w tej części galaktyki, Dni Wina w Jaśle! zdjęcie okładkowe: Bogdan Kalisz

Dzisiaj, Mili Państwo, skupimy się na postaci Angeli Merkel, która do niedawna była uznawana za najpotężniejszą kobietę w Europie, a być może także na świecie. Merkel, jako kanclerz Niemiec przez 16 lat, odegrała kluczową rolę w kształtowaniu niemieckiej polityki energetycznej oraz miała znaczący wpływ na decyzje w Unii Europejskiej. Jednak po zakończeniu swojej kariery politycznej, Merkel wycofała się z życia publicznego. Dzisiejszy odcinek będzie analizą jej rządów i ich wpływu na kryzys energetyczny, który dotknął Europę w 2022 roku. Zastanowimy się, czy decyzje Merkel przyczyniły się do tego kryzysu, oraz czy przewidywała ona możliwe konsekwencje swojej polityki. Czy Angela Merkel widziała nadchodzące zagrożenia? Czy mechanizmy państwowe zawiodły, nie wspierając kanclerz w odpowiednim zarządzaniu ryzykiem? Dziś przeprowadzimy swoiste sądzenie nad jej rządami, odpowiadając na te pytania i wiele innych. Zapraszam do wysłuchania!

We're picking CEOs for investors to watch. (1:01) Recorded live at FoolFest 2024, Bill Mann, Asit Sharma, and Ricky Mulvey discuss earnings from Charles Schwab and their takeaways from the conference. (7:50) Then, they draft their favorite CEOs in the following categories– capital allocation, growth stories, turnarounds, and wildcard picks. A correction: The CEO of Kinsale Capital is Michael Kehoe. Companies discussed: SCHW, OTC: CNSWF, ANET, WINA, KNSL, AMD, TTD, IBM, PEP, OTC: ADDYY, RKLB, ORCL, JPM Host: Ricky Mulvey Guests: Bill Mann, Asit Sharma, Erick DeVore Engineers: Desiree Jones, Michael Towers of Marx Productions Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Wina Mariba, die gewilde speletjiesprogram deur die Trustco Groep en die Namibiese Uitsaaikorporasie, is terug op die klein skerm. Die program se première is geskeduleer vir môreaand om half-agt op NBC2, met herhaling episodes wat elke Sondag om 7-uur die aand uitgesaai word. Agt-en-veertig deelnemers sal sake oor 13 episodes uitspook. Elke week gaan vier spelers kop-aan-kop oor drie rondes, wat bydra tot 'n steeds groeiende kontantprys-poel. Na twee uitskakelings, pak die laaste twee mekaar in 'n dramatiese "gryp die kontant"-eindstryd waar een gelukkige wenner met die volle boerpot wegstap. Mia de Klerk, een van die aanbieders van die program, het met Kosmos 94.1 Nuus gesels oor wat verwag kan word.

With small caps, come great thrills. What about great rewards?  Ricky Mulvey caught up with Bill Mann, a lead analyst at the Fool and our Director of Small-Cap Research, for a primer on small-cap investing. They check in on a handful of different small caps and discuss: If the disappearance of “the small-cap premium” is a win for investors.   How to navigate environments with limited feedback. The value (or lack thereof) of book value.  Tickers discussed: WINA, COST, DDS, BOC, FVRR, ASR, BRK.A, BRK.B Host: Ricky Mulvey Guest: Bill Mann Producer: Mary Long Engineers: Rick Engdahl Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

"CHILE - KRAINA KONTRASTÓW, WINA I CUDÓW NATURY". Chile to ponad 5 tysięcy km zróżnicowanego krajobrazu, ekosystemów, stref klimatycznych i fascynującej historii. To zarazem kraina wulkanów, lodowców, gejzerów, gorących źródeł, jezior, pustyni i zachwycających parków narodowych. Oprócz pięknych widoków, w Chile można też znaleźć jedne z najlepszych na świecie win, awokado i... tuńczyka. Dlaczego pomimo tego, że to jeden z najbardziej sejsmicznych regionów na Ziemi warto przemierzyć chilijskie bezdroża? Co ma do zaoferowania najdłuższe państwo świata i jakie niespodzianki mogą nas tam spotkać? Na te i inne pytania odpowie podróżniczka Dorota Kłąb - z wykształcenia lingwistka, z zawodu lektorka języków obcych, tłumaczka, pilot wycieczek, z pasji podróżniczka ze szczególnym zamiłowaniem do krajów hiszpańskojęzycznych i do świata latynoskiego. Odwiedziła ponad 60 krajów na 5 kontynentach. Po raz ostatni w tym roku spotkamy się w ramach cyklu UMCS Chatka Żaka: "Przez Świat. Spotkania z podróżą." Na radiową podróż zaprasza Magdalena Lipiec-Jaremek.

Zabójcza Warszawa to seria przedstawiająca cykl 6 spraw kryminalnych z Warszawy. W czwartym odcinku drugiego sezonu opowiem Wam o sprawie, która zszokowała nie tylko całą Warszawę, ale i Polskę. ------------------------------------------------------------------ Dziękuję także moim Patronom, którzy wspierają mnie na Patronite oraz osobom wspierającym na Youtube :) A także za każdą inną formę Waszego wsparcia! Przypominam, że podcast tworzony jest na podstawie ogólnodostępnych źródeł, które znajdziecie poniżej :) ☛ Sklep: https://kryminalnehistorie.com/sklep ☛ Facebook: http://www.facebook.pl/kryminalne0historie ☛ Grupa na Facebooku: https://www.facebook.com/groups/kryminalnehistorie ☛ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/kryminalne ☛ Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/kryminalnehistorie ☛ Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/4MP3dZZu5efb5qvPSXu89k ☛ iTunes: https://podcasts.apple.com/pl/podcast/krym…ie/id1474480349 ☛ Mail: kryminalnehistorie@gmail.com ✔Montaż: Paulina Kulpińska ✔Animacja w intro została stworzona przez Sławka: www.vimeo.com/smdesigns ✔Muzyka: - Kai Engel - Great Expectations - Slow Hammers ✔Źródła: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1znvrl-BeBjZcJFGdqekEfRSFc63TX_oq-hWvs9uH7Fo/edit?usp=sharing

Gościem odcinka jest psychoterapeutka Anna Mochnaczewska. Rozmowa jest częścią cyklu podcastów „Te końce świata” powered by ING Bank Śląski. O co chodzi w tej akcji? Wszystko zaczęło się od filmu dokumentalnego „Te końca świata. To nasze 5 minut” z udziałem braci Kacperczyk. Przy okazji premiery filmu, bank ING zadał młodym następujące pytanie: Co wydawało Ci się końcem świata, a jednak nim nie było? Odpowiedzi, których udzielono, stały się inspiracją do stworzenia serii podcastów „Te końce świata”. Wszystkie odcinki tej serii znajdziesz tutaj: https://open.spotify.com/playlist/06RvgefsI5hoJPaaQnBelb?si=b6c2aea17e2a4b90&nd=1 Film dokumentalny „Te końca świata. To nasze 5 minut” z udziałem braci Kacperczyk możesz obejrzeć tutaj: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b8j63KQb5g8&t=0s – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Jeśli jesteś w kryzysie i potrzebujesz wsparcia, pamiętaj, że możesz otrzymać pomoc w jednym ze 170 ośrodków interwencji kryzysowej zlokalizowanych w całej Polsce, również w mniejszych miejscowościach. Na pomoc możesz również liczyć tutaj: - 116 111 całodobowy bezpłatny telefon zaufania dla dzieci i młodzieży - (22) 594 91 00 Antydepresyjny Telefon Forum Przeciw Depresji - (22) 484 88 01 Antydepresyjny Telefon Zaufania Fundacji ITAKA - 800 70 22 22 całodobowe, bezpłatne Centrum Wsparcia dla Osób Dorosłych w Kryzysie Psychicznym - 116 123 bezpłatny Kryzysowy Telefon Zaufania - 22 270 11 65 Telefon Wsparcia dla osób doświadczających zaburzeń lękowych - 22 635 09 54 Telefon Zaufania dla osób starszych - 800 108 108 bezpłatny telefon wsparcia dla osób po stracie i w żałobie - 800 08 02 22 całodobowa, bezpłatna infolinia dla dzieci i młodzieży, rodziców oraz nauczycieli

Dziennie w Polsce sprzedaje się 3 miliony "małpek", a pierwszy milion pęka jeszcze przed południem. Piwo, wódka czy inne alkohole mocne od zawsze mają zły PR, a w ostatnim czasie tragiczny. Istnieje jednak pewny rodzaj alkoholu, który od zawsze jest przypisywany "Elycie", a mianowicie - wino. Tak, to samo, o którym śpiewał Sidney Polak. Z tym alkoholem Bulwar Podlaski ma zazwyczaj najmniej styczności, więc niezbędny do wycieczki po meandrach zabutelkowanych, sfermentowanych winogron był przewodnik. A konkretnie czołowy polski sommelier - Jan Knąber, który tym razem zagościł w naszym studio, opowie nam o trunku, którego produkcja w Polsce wzrosła ponad 6-krotnie w ciągu ostatnich 7 lat, a także zadamy inne pytania: a) Dlaczego winogrona chcą być zjedzone przez wilki? b) Czy Chińczycy stają się winiarskim gigantem w skali świata? c) Czy 10 milionów złotych wystarczy na otwarcie winnicy? d) Czy w Polsce można kupić dobre wino? e) Winne ABECADŁO do zaimponowania na pierwszej randce... ...i wiele innych. P.S. Dziękujemy za kolejny sezon rozmów, a w niedzielę o 18.00, niezmiennie zapraszamy na Newsy :) Do usłyszenia, Bulwar Podlaski Partnerem odcinka jest firma woda Aqua East -> www.zrodlowsparcia.com

Konsulat Generalny RP w Chicago zareagował na materiał stacji ABC 7 Chicago z końca maja dotyczący wzrostu kradzieży samochodów w Chicago, w którym znalazł się polski wątek. Z redaktor naczelną „Dziennika Związkowego" Alicją Otap rozmawia Joanna Trzos. Podcast „Dziennika Związkowego" powstaje we współpracy z radiem WPNA 103.1 FM.   

The I Love CVille Show headlines: WINA's Rob Schilling In Hot Water … Again Schilling Deletes Johnson Elementary Video Schilling Monetized Video Of Underage Kids Forward Albemarle's Sarah Harris Offers Insight Harris Whips Candidate Joann McDermid McDermid Leverages Schilling For Campaign Progress: “Did Sally Hudson Make A Mistake?” Impact On Upzoning In/Around Charlottesville UVA Lax Coach Julie Myers Resigns Jerry Miller was live on The I Love CVille Show! The I Love CVille Show airs live Monday – Friday from 12:30 pm – 1:30 pm on The I Love CVille Network. Watch and listen to The I Love CVille Show on Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, LinkedIn, iTunes, Apple Podcast, YouTube, Spotify, Fountain, Amazon Music, Audible and iLoveCVille.com.

Monday moves majestically, meandering more mysteriously, making many mighty memories. Maybe. Or it's another day like any other as we all spend time inhabiting a world that alternates constantly between light and dark. However, Charlottesville Community Engagement is not a tribute to the poetic but is more concerned with the anecdotal and the wonky. I'm Sean Tubbs until I am not. On today's program:* Albemarle Supervisors will hold a special meeting Wednesday perhaps to purchase property* We learn from the county executive's office that there's a new disc golf course in Albemarle* The Commonwealth Transportation Board will meet in Charlottesville tomorrow* The Greenbrier Neighborhood Association has held the second of several candidate forums for three Democratic nominations for City Council New to this? Sign up to get this in your inbox when its produced. Payment encouraged but not mandatory, but paying the bills is mandatory for continued publication!First shout-out: Camp AlbemarleToday's first subscriber-supported public service announcement goes out to Camp Albemarle, which has for sixty years been a “wholesome rural, rustic and restful site for youth activities, church groups, civic events and occasional private programs.”Located on 14 acres on the banks of the Moorman's River near Free Union, Camp Albemarle continues as a legacy of being a Civilian Conservation Corps project that sought to promote the importance of rural activities. Camp Albemarle seeks support for a plan to winterize the Hamner Lodge, a structure built in 1941 by the CCC and used by every 4th and 5th grade student in Charlottesville and Albemarle for the study of ecology for over 20 years. If this campaign is successful, Camp Albemarle could operate year-round. Consider your support by visiting campalbemarleva.org/donate.Albemarle purchasing land on Wednesday?The next regular meeting of the Albemarle Board of Supervisors is not until June, but the six members will meet in closed session this Wednesday. Virginia's open meetings laws allow for elected bodies to discuss certain matters without the public present. The notice for the May 24 meeting at 1 p.m. cites two provisions of the state code. (view the agenda) The first is “to discuss or consider the acquisition of real property in the Rivanna Magisterial District.” The second is “to consult with and be briefed by legal counsel regarding specific legal matters requiring legal advice relating to such acquisition.” Immediately after the closed session, Supervisors will vote on a resolution to authorize purchase of property and assets. There are no further details but Supervisors will convene in Room 241 after this vote to hold a media briefing. Albemarle Executive report: New disc golf course at Chris Greene Lake, HARTS team in placeIn Virginia, a locality's top manager actually performs the business of government and is responsible for executive actions. In Charlottesville that's interim City Manager Michael C. Rogers. In Albemarle that is County Executive Jeff Richardson. Often reports on what's happening are made to the elected body. On May 17, Albemarle Supervisors got a report from Trevor Henry, the Deputy County Administrator. They learned there is now a new 18-hole disc golf course at Chris Greene Lake.“The development of this new amenity in the northern part of the county was a successful partnership between Parks and Recreation by providing the space and in-kind services and the Blue Ridge Disc Golf Club whose members devoted 1,100 volunteer hours to construct the course,” Henry said. Henry also said graduate students at the University of Virginia School of Architecture are working with the county have helped with the creation of a Regional Digital Equity Plan that is being developed by the Broadband and Accessibility Office.“This is in partnership with community organizations, the city of Charlottesville, and [the University of Virginia],” Henry said. “Their analysis resulted in several key recommendations that the coalition will incorporate into their final plan.”To learn more about that project, here's the March meeting of the Coalition:Henry also had news about the Human Services Alternative Response Team that Albemarle is putting together. The HARTS Team is intended to answer calls where a person is believed to be having a mental health crisis. “The team has been formed and will be adjusting to responses based on each situation to ensure the safety and best outcomes for individuals involved,” Henry said. “As they are forming, they are beginning training and developing protocols to implement the co-responder model. That work will continue with procedures and training as they become operational and start responding to mental health calls for service.” Henry also reported on the results of an archaeological study from materials uncovered at the location of the former Swan Tavern in Court Square in Charlottesville. That's the site of the future General District Court that will be jointly used by both the city and Albemarle County. “These artifacts include a Moravian press pipe, bowls, antique glass bottles and more,” Henry said. “This project is a good reminder for the important of preserving our county's history. The artifacts that were uncovered during this dig period are being cleaned and catalogued and we expect a final report by the end of this calendar year.” CTB to meet in Charlottesville this weekThe body that approves funding across the Commonwealth of Virginia will meet this week at the Residence Inn on West Main Street in Charlottesville, steps away from a now-canceled project. The Commonwealth Transportation Board will begin with a workshop at 8:30 a.m. that will feature a large amount of state-wide business. One item to watch is a discussion on the fifth round of Smart Scale, which is a mechanism that helps decide what transportation projects are funded.  (workshop agenda) The CTB will make a final decision in June, but here are three area projects currently in the running:* Avon Street Multimodal Improvements  (only for the Druid Avenue to Avon Court section) – $15.8 million (Charlottesville-Albemarle MPO)* US 250/Peter Jefferson Parkway Intersection Improvements, Park and Ride, and Access Management – $20.55 million (Thomas Jefferson Planning District Commission) * Belvedere Boulevard/Rio Road Intersection Improvements – $4.89 million (Albemarle County)On Wednesday is the action meeting unless the workshop on Tuesday finishes early. Opportunity for public comments is taken at this meeting. (action meeting agenda)The CTB meeting is just steps away from what had been Phase 1 of the West Main Streetscape. Charlottesville had slowly assembled money for a nearly $50 million project to be built in four phases, but canceled them last year in order to put the local match toward the renovation and expansion of Buford Middle School. (read my story)Sponsored message: Buy Local Charlottesville Community Engagement's continued existence means that many of you support local information. Want to support some local businesses as well? The Buy Local campaign is in full swing, and both the Albemarle and Charlottesville Offices of Economic Development want people to consider spending locally as they shop throughout the year.The Buy Local campaign highlights small businesses within Charlottesville and Albemarle County through a multi-channel, multimedia promotional and educational campaign designed to reinforce how important supporting area small businesses is to the local economy. Locally-owned, independent businesses with a brick-and-mortar presence in the City or County interested in being featured in the campaign should visit www.showlocallove.org or contact info@showlocallove.org. For more information on the Buy Local campaign, visit www.ShowLocalLove.org or follow us on Facebook and Instagram @BuyLocalCvilleAlbemarle or on Twitter @BuyLocalCville.Council candidates introduce themselves to Greenbrier neighborhoodLast week, the Greenbrier Neighborhood Association held the second of many planned candidate forums for the three nominations for Charlottesville City Council. The event began with opening statements beginning with Dashad Cooper who was unable to attend the May 10 event I co-hosted with Neil Williamson of the Free Enterprise Forum. (view that event)“As a Council member, I believe it is crucial that we have an open and honest discussion about the vision of Charlottesville, and I'm here to share my vision,” Cooper said. “Together I believe we can work towards a solution that would benefit all members of society.”       Cooper is a social services assistant who said he sees many people struggling with mental health issues who are affected by increases in rent. “I think mental health has been overlooked for far, far too long and the pandemic has put the mental health at the forefront and the people need help now,” Cooper said. Former City Councilor Bob Fenwick used much of the same opening statement he made at the May 10 forum but leaned in with his skepticism of the city's ability to provide solutions for one intractable problem. “The notion that affordable housing can be addressed with yet another program without better management, including adequate funding for all of the peripherals that go with it is very much in the air,” Fenwick said. Fenwick said the big issues he is hearing about are the zoning code rewrite, increased property assessments and public safety. “And the biggest issue tonight is probably going to be the zoning rewrite as well it should be as it hasn't been fully crafted and is virtually incomprehensible,” Fenwick said.  Challenger Natalie Oschrin also used much of the same opening statement as the May 10 event but I'll quote different parts from a previous story.  She said her primary job has skills that would apply to time on Council. “I've worked in the hospitality industry for over ten years, mostly planning and organizing weddings,” Oschrin said. “As you might imagine there's a lot of coordinating and managing in addition to cajoling and negotiating that needs to happen to pull the event off successfully and within budget.” Oschrin said she supports efforts to build more places to live within the city.“I've worked with a lot of people who have to commute from outlying communities for their job in the city [and] that means close to an hour in the car each way,” Oschrin said. “Our teachers, nurses, firefighters deserve to live in Charlottesville and not be pushed out by high housing costs.” Councilor Michael Payne is seeking his second term and also had many of the same introductory comments. “For those of you who don't know me, I grew up in the area and after college moved back here and worked for Habitat for Humanity of Virginia in affordable housing as well as gotten involved in politics through community organizing with Indivisible Charlottesville and the Charlottesville Low-Income Housing Coalition and have been on Council since January 2020,” Payne said. Payne said the past few years have been difficult for city government but Council has begun to make progress with the adoption of a climate action plan and an affordable housing plan that comes with $10 million a year in funding.“We've started to stabilize city staff and build a strong staff team within the city as well as made historic investments in schools and are moving toward being able to create a regional transit authority to strengthen our bus system,” Payne said. Charlottesville Mayor Lloyd Snook also addressed many of the same themes as the May 10 opening statement beginning with a general slogan for his campaign in 2019.“My overall slogan was ‘Let's Work Together' and ‘Let's Try to Make Charlottesville Work again,” Snook said.Snook said he and Payne both voted to adopt that affordable housing plan in March 2021 and they worked together to identify the funds to invest in the renovation and expansion of Buford Middle School. He said he wants four more years to ensure that work is completed. “Not only make sure that Buford gets finished but also start thinking about the next step in the school reconfiguration process,” Snook said. “That's to look at Walker and the elementary schools. In his opening statement, Snook pointed out that many of Fenwick's critiques of the zoning code were inaccurate given that a final draft has not been presented to Council yet. For more on that topic, take a look at my next column in C-Ville Weekly, out on newsstands Wednesday. Now I have to write it. (view the 20 articles I've written to date)Reading material:* What happens next? Buckingham commission weighs mining question, Brian Carlton, Farmville Herald, May 19, 2023* Buckingham GOP nominates recently fired registrar for seat on elections board, Graham Moomaw, Virginia Mercury, May 19, 2023* Embattled Charlottesville SPCA to replace director, Charlottesville Daily Progress, May 20, 2023* Rep. Bob Good asking if federal dollars were used to fund Montpelier exhibits on slavery, WINA, May 22, 2023Concluding thoughts for #535This is the first Monday edition of this program in a while! The perfect situation is when there is one of these a day to keep an eye on the happenings and not-happenings of local government. I'm grateful for the hundreds of paid subscribers who are helping me at least attempt to be a one-person time-keeping canine, or something like that. You can join them with a contribution through Substack either at the $5 a month, $50 a year, or $200 a year level. And if you do, Ting will match that first payment. If you join through Patreon, a portion of those proceeds will now go to hire other people to do work to make this newsletter better. I reviewed the foundational documents for my work this weekend and then and now I believe you should know how your money is spent!And if you sign up for Ting at this link and enter the promo code COMMUNITY, you'll get:* Free installation* A second month for free* A $75 gift card to the Downtown MallThanks to Wraki for incidental music in the podcast, which you can't hear unless you listen to it. Check out the work on BandCamp! This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit communityengagement.substack.com/subscribe

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There are no style points in investing, and big brands continue to dominate teen spending habits. (00:21) Dylan Lewis and Nick Sciple discuss: - Piper Sandler's Generation Z survey about brands and spending. - Tailwinds for Ulta Beauty, Spotify, and Nike. - Investing in resale companies. - How the competitive landscape shifted for upstart brands. (10:52) Ricky Mulvey and Sanmeet Deo look at two health trends for investors to watch.  Companies discussed: NKE, SPOT, LULU, ULTA, WINA, TSX: ATZ, LTH, XPOF  Host: Dylan Lewis  Guests: Nick Sciple, Sanmeet Deo  Producer: Ricky Mulvey  Engineer: Dan Boyd

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Jay James, WINA News And UVA Sideline Reporter by Ed Lane

Elon Musk says he's going to buy Twitter at the original price, and this time he means it! (0:21) Bill Mann discusses: - His belief that the Musk/Twitter deal will get done - Forward guidance being the thing he'll be watching in the upcoming earnings season - Why he believes stagflation is the biggest risk to the economy right now (10:50) If you think SaaS companies are efficient, can we interest you in a retailer that that sells gently-used goods?  Jim Gillies discusses a small cap business that's been rewarding shareholders. Got questions about stocks? Call the Motley Fool Money Hotline at 703-254-1445. Stocks discussed: TWTR, TSLA, WINA, EBAY  Host: Chris Hill Guests: Bill Mann, Jim Gillies Producer: Ricky Mulvey Engineers: Dan Boyd, Tim Sparks

Winmark is a franchisor of retail stores across the US and Canada. You may have heard of Winmark's many brands: Plato's Closet, Once Upon A Child, Play It Again Sports, Style Encore, and Music Go Round. Listen as Brett and Ryan ask Jim questions about the company, its business model, and valuation. Enjoy the show! ***************************** This episode is sponsored by Stream by AlphaSense, the highest quality expert network library. Sign-up here and get a 14-day free trial: https://streamrg.co/CCM ****************************** Access our “Not So Deep Dive” episodes by signing up for CCM+. Sign-up directly through Spotify or Apple Podcasts. If you listen on another podcast player, use this link and create a private RSS feed: https://anchor.fm/chitchatmoney/subscribe Need more information? Check-out our launch newsletter: https://chitchatmoney.substack.com/p/welcome-to-chit-chat-money-plus ****************************** Want updates on future shows and projects? Follow us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/chitchatmoney Interested to see more of Jim's work? Find his Substack here: https://twitter.com/JimPGillies?s=20&t=_VLTZa6G8u2S3-Qzp1QjMg Contact us: chitchatmoneypodcast@gmail.com Timestamps Winmark | (3:08) Financials | (17:33) Disclosure: Chit Chat Money hosts and guests are not financial advisors, and nothing they say on this show is formal advice or a recommendation. Brett Schafer and Ryan Henderson are general partners and portfolio managers at Arch Capital. Arch Capital and its partners may hold securities discussed on this show.

Europejscy winiarze od początku roku mierzą się z brakami na rynku szkła, z ich powodu niektórzy muszą rozlewać swój produkt do butelek w typie niezgodnym z tradycją. Równocześnie coraz więcej tego alkoholu sprzedaje się już w zupełnie innych opakowaniach, np. puszkach. Czy to początek trwałych zmian, po których wino w butelce stanie się luksusem dla bogatych? O tym, dlaczego Cabernet Sauvignon nie jest skazane na szkło, opowiada Tomasz Prange-Barczyński: redaktor naczelny magazynu "Ferment. Pismo o winie", autor felietonów winiarskich w Radiu 357 i współautor książki "Włochy. Opowieści o regionach, winach i ludziach". Nagrania możesz odsłuchać na stronie: https://dzialzagraniczny.pl/ Lub w aplikacjach: Spotify, iTunes, Google Podcasts, Pocket Casts, Stitcher, Overcast, Podplayer i Podkasty.info Jeżeli podoba Ci się ten podcast, to możesz mnie też wesprzeć dobrowolną wpłatą w serwisie Patronite: https://patronite.pl/dzialzagraniczny

Happy Thursday! Be warned: there is a 12 minute intro of catching up and episode updates for you all! So skip ahead if that's not your vibe! Morgan starts us off by covering the crazy case of the Mummy in Historically Fabulous Drag Queen, Dorian Corey's Closet! What do you think happened? Taylar wraps it up with the case of Sage Smith. In 2012, 19 year old Black Trans-woman, Sage Smith went missing after a date with a man. To this day Sage has never been found and her family is still fighting to bring her home. If you know anything about Sage's disappearance please contact CrimeStoppers or the Charlottesville Police Department  ALL AD CODES AND LINKS ARE HERE! JOIN OUR PATREON FOR 2 EXCLUSIVE EPISODES EACH MONTH AND THE ENTIRE BACK LOG OF EPS AND BONUS MATERIAL GO WATCH ON YOUTUBE Be sure to like, comment, subscribe and turn on post notifications for our channel! Let's Get Creepy!! Follow us on Instagram Check out our website Sources:  **Emma Eisenberg: Splinter News- 12.24.17, Kendall Rae Youtube- “The Suspicious Disappearance of Sage Smith”, Disappeared “Dashad Laquinn Smith aka Sage Smith”- 5.20.22, Finding Dashad “Sage” Smith Facebook Page, Andrea Cipriano 7.3.21- The Crime Sheet, Time- Anti-Trans Violence.. By Madeleine Carlisle 12.30.21, C-Ville Graelyn Brashear 12.24.14, C-Ville Lisa Provence 11.20.15, Stories of the Unsolved “The Disappearance of Sage Smith” 5.2.20, Scott Wise & Wayne Covil 6 News Richmond 12.17.12, WINA 3 years ago: “Police file missing person report for Sage Smith POI Erik McFadden”, C-Ville Courteney Stuart 11.19.13, NBC Jackie Montalvo 6.27.19 & 12.3.18, HuffPost David Lohr 11.29.12, The Baltimore Sun Juliana Kim 6.28.19, The Daily Progress 12.31.19 Sage Smith Disappearance (various reporters) Thread, Born This Way-Investigation Discovery, The Charley Project- Erik McFadden & Sage Smith, Change.org, Web Sleuths Forum “VA- Dashad Sage Smith 19 Charlottesville, Charlottesville.gov- CivicEngage, Kileystruecrime- It's Crime O'Clock Somewhere April 11, Vanished ABC News.