Podcasts about Austrian

Robots and automata have been with humans in one form or another for thousands of years. From ancient Egyptian illusionary statutes to Ancient Greek steam or air powered birds, even programmable carts and theatrical figures, up to near-modern mechanisms like the Digesting Duck in 1739 France, the 1770 Austrian chess robot, the 1773 Silver Swan in England, the 1795 Tipu's Tiger of India and the many robots of far east Asia. As early as the 8th century BC, the Chinese were using wooden mechanisms for burial objects, centuries before the Greek myth of a giant mechanical Talos. Long before European machines that are hardly remembered today, the Japanese had mechanical dolls called Nashiki karakul, which served tea and entertained every level of Edo society. None of this history is hidden, and part of the problem in deciphering what it means is our definition of words like robot, machine, giant, myth etc. However, as with technology today where glorified search engines are believed to be sentient intelligence, there were probably many in the ancient world who saw these devices as supernatural. The vast majority probably saw them for what they were though - entertainment. Although the value in such mechanisms has largely been lost today, or simply evolved or transitioned into something more contemporary, our modern use of similar technologies will likely be looked at by a future generation in the same way that we look back on an apparently lost part of human history. The modern popular culture, and conspiracy, perception of the past is that anything considerably advanced must be part of a lost civilization or alien, perhaps Tartarian specifically. But the printing press dates to 1440 and the cotton gin to 1793, two inventions that mechanically revolutionized the world in a way equal to modern phones, and yet few would dispute the modern-human-civilization origin of these devices.  *The is the FREE archive, which includes advertisements. If you want an ad-free experience, you can subscribe below underneath the show description.WEBSITEFREE ARCHIVE (w. ads)SUBSCRIPTION ARCHIVE-X / TWITTERFACEBOOKINSTAGRAMYOUTUBERUMBLE-BUY ME A COFFEECashApp: $rdgable PAYPAL: rdgable1991@gmail.comRyan's Books: https://thesecretteachings.info - EMAIL: rdgable@yahoo.com / rdgable1991@gmail.comBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/the-secret-teachings--5328407/support.

What have the Austrians ever done for us?The answer is quite a lot, particularly regarding the importance of liberty and free markets, and how government overreach in economic matters results in long-term damage and decline.However, Carl Menger, Ludwig von Mises, Friedrich Hayek, and other members of the so-called Austrian School have long occupied a fringe position in conventional economic thought, and their ideas have been excluded from policymakers' toolkits, which are dominated by the Keynesian framework.But is this changing?The evidence suggests it might be. The growing interest in non-state-backed money, the rise of social media platforms such as Substack, which provide outlets for new ideas, and, significantly, the Milei Revolution, now underway in Argentina, all point to a renaissance in Austrian economics.   Javier Milei regards himself as an Austrian economist and cites, among others, Mises, Hayek and Murray Rothbard as his heroes, whose ideas changed his life. They may yet change the course of Argentina's history.So, I was honoured when Dr Mark Thornton of Auburn University and the Mises Institute agreed to join me for a discussion on the Austrian School and its growth since the early 1980s. At that time, we were both undergraduates reading works such as Hayek's The Road to Serfdom, von Mises' Human Action, and Rothbard's Man, Economy & State. And it turns out that we may have met previously, 45 years ago. It is sometimes a small world.   We had a great conversation in which Mark outlined his optimistic view of how Austrian ideas can help us understand the investment landscape, the broader significance of Milei's reform agenda, and our world where human action seeks opportunities in non-fiat money.Mark's published works include The Skyscraper Curse: How Austrian Economics Predicted Every Major Economic Crisis of the Last Century. Additionally, articles, digests, and podcasts from the Mises Institute, which provides extensive freely available content for those keen to learn more about the Austrian way of thinking and its growing relevance to our times. However, of course, none of what you are about to hear is any kind of advice but solely for your information and hopefully, entertainment. Please seek personal financial advice before investing a penny of your money in these crazy markets. With that said, please enjoy my conversation with the maverick Austrian economist, Dr Mark Thornton.Brought to you by Progressive Equity.   Hayek for the 21st Century: Essays in Political Economy/ Order a FREE copy of the book or multiple copies! Also, you can download the PDF and ePub versions using this link:  https://mises.org/library/book/hayek-21st-century-essays-political-economy 

Moonsettler is a bitconer who adheres to the old school cypherpunk values and believes that the best way ahead is to enable OP_CTV (BIP119) or LNHANCE. However, the biggest problem is the generalized loss of focus. If last year there seemed to be consensus that Bitcoin needs covenants to improve scalability and bring new use cases, now the landscape is rather gloomy. Even Moonsettler changed his Twitter screen name to Doomsettler, as a reflection on this status quo. 00:01:16 Welcome Moonsettler (Doomsettler) 00:02:40 Delayed Interview and Original eCash Debate 00:03:14 Why eCash (Chaumian Cash) Never Took Off 00:04:00 Criticism of Custodial Scaling Solutions 00:05:14 Bitcoin as Decentralized Chaumian eCash 00:06:13 Fake Austrian Economics and Full Reserve Myths 00:08:32 Loss of "No Trusted Third Parties" Culture 00:09:52 Verifiable Supply vs Historical Fraud 00:13:40 Proof of Liabilities in eCash Mints 00:15:42 Cashu Fraud Proofs and Bug Bounty 00:18:20 Chaumian Blind Signatures Explained 00:24:48 Non-Custodial Credit eCash Ideas 00:30:39 Why Debit eCash Won't Scale Bitcoin 00:36:34 Bitcoin Like Linux – Oppose Custodial Layers 00:37:13 Unlimited Paper Bitcoin vs 21M Cap 00:41:25 Loss of Proof of Keys Culture 00:46:26 Doomsettler Mindset on Bitcoin's Future 01:09:30 Early Exchange Compliance Issues 01:11:37 Satoshi's Peer-to-Peer Vision 01:15:13 Satoshi's OPSEC and Disappearance 01:19:13 Craig Wright Not Satoshi 01:26:05 Libertaria and Frontier Culture 01:28:31 No More Frontiers for Freedom 01:39:21 App Delistings and PWA Debate 01:49:16 Twitter Worse Under Elon Musk 01:55:35 AI Ruining Internet Trust 01:56:33 Introduction to Covenants 01:57:04 Covenant = Unbreakable Promise 02:00:55 History of Covenant Discussions 02:01:29 Permanent Encumbrance FUD Debunked 02:03:38 Control Today via Multisig (No Covenants) 02:07:26 Covenants Don't Break Fungibility 02:08:35 Covenants Reduce Trust in L2 02:11:46 Post-Quantum Covenant Advantages 02:13:46 OP_CTV Explained 02:15:42 Non-Interactive L2 Settlements 02:20:23 Congestion Control with Covenants 02:29:08 Ordinals Drama & OP_CAT Risks 02:31:43 Jeremy Rubin Context 02:33:49 LNHANCE Package (CTV + More) 02:36:51 Why LNHANCE is Conservative 02:44:26 2022 CTV Activation Drama 02:47:27 Curiosity vs Annoyance Motivation 02:49:04 Andreas Antonopoulos FUD Clip 02:51:15 Need for Covenant FUD FAQ 02:53:47 Persistent CTV Critics 03:55:27 Covenant FUD Knowledge Base Need 03:56:26 Steven Roose Support 03:57:40 Covenant Table on Wiki 03:58:56 Isolated Op Code Comparisons Issues 04:00:34 OPCAT vs CTV Preferences 04:01:48 Table Inconsistencies 04:02:19 Ordinals Devs Pushing OPCAT 04:03:26 CTV Strengths and Risks 04:10:22 Ideal Packages (Great Script Restoration) 04:43:24 Pink Floyd "The Wall" Analogy 04:45:49 Citadel Critique 04:49:49 Need for New Frontiers 04:51:56 Disagreeable Societies Preserve Freedom 04:54:56 Special Economic Zones for Renewal 04:57:50 Altcoins as Competition/Experiments 04:59:20 Privacy Coins Driving Response 06:00:34 Monero Privacy & Community 06:04:42 FCMP++ Upgrade 06:05:37 Monero Quantum Roadmap 06:07:16 Quantum Risks to Monero 06:09:47 Zcash Preference & Compatibility 06:11:34 ZK Privacy Advantages 06:13:16 Drivechains & Peg Risks 06:17:45 Spacechains 06:20:31 Quantum Threats to ECDSA 06:26:49 PQ Soft/Hard Fork Debate 06:34:57 Covenants for PQ Vaults 06:38:14 Ark Protocol 06:42:33 Lightning Custodial Risks 06:50:19 BitVM & Optimistic Rollups 06:55:44 Bitcoin Dev Culture Disappointment 07:49:05 Austrian vs Cypherpunk Values 07:53:20 Austrians Dislike Data 07:54:39 Full Reserve Myth 07:55:56 Core Dev Covenant Silence 07:57:32 Core Ignoring Covenants 07:58:22 Floppy's Drunk Posting 08:00:38 Calle's Cashu Story 08:02:02 Privacy Respect & Avoiding Doxing 08:02:29 Floppy's Drunk Tweets 08:03:48 Tolerance for Abusive Behavior 08:04:15 Understanding Non-Engagement with Floppy 08:04:32 Floppy as Builder (Joinstr Plugin) 08:04:57 Luke Dashjr Funding Complaints 08:05:23 Luke's Likability & Hack 08:06:36 Ocean Mining Business Model 08:08:36 Reducing Antpool Hash Dominance 08:08:56 Miner Template Building Debate 08:09:02 Mining Centralization Concerns 09:38:04 9+ Hour Marathon Reflection 09:38:45 Girlfriend & Cat Interruptions 09:39:12 How to Follow Moonsettler 09:39:45 Moonsettler's Twitter Content Focus 09:40:38 Shoutout to SimulXXX (CTV Advocate) 09:41:29 Moonsettler as Crypto Hobbyist 09:42:37 Major Contributions Discussion 09:43:38 Non-Interactive Hardware Wallet Proofs 09:44:36 Sharing Personal Bitcoin Vision 09:45:14 Coldcard Experimental Implementation 10:03:18 Seed Backup Durability & Preference for Burnable Paper Backups 10:04:22 Manual Entropy & Seed Splitting 10:05:01 Early Self-Custody Cheat Sheets 10:05:25 Hardware Wallet Entropy Risks 10:06:30 Dice-Rolled Seeds vs Hardware 10:07:27 2-of-3 Backup Scheme 10:07:59 Crypto Steel Promo 10:08:24 10-Hour Mark, No Bathroom Break 10:08:49 Thanks & Merry Christmas 10:09:41 Next Episode Tease

We check in with friend of the show Laurent Kleitman, CEO of Mandarin Oriental Hotel Group, to discuss its Austrian debut. Plus: Retail veteran Rania Masri El Khatib on her sustainable fashion label, The Giving Movement.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

My guest today is Teresa Austrian.  And we are joined by Russ Watts as co-host!This is a fun conversation to share right at Christmas time.  We talk about traditions.  And as you'll hear, the conversation goes way beyond any particular holiday.  No matter what holidays are in your world, you're sure to find yourself smiling and nodding as we talk about the fun and challenges of holidays, family, and traditions.Connect with Teresa: https://www.linkedin.com/in/teresaaustrian/Support the showMake Life Less Difficult~ Support:buymeacoffee.com/lisatilstra

Today is a special episode covering the latest snow conditions in Austria, Italy, France, Switzerland and in Canada, plus we reveal the results and the lucky winner from our 2025 Listener Survey. --------- Tirol in Austria sponsors The Ski Podcast, which means this winter we're are finding out more about some of the great destinations in Tirol, and how you can connect with the Austrian way of life: ‘Lebensgefühl' – that you'll find there. --------- SHOW NOTES View results of our 2025 Listener Survey (1:00) James Fletcher was the winner of the prize draw (1:45) Zoe Atkin won the half pipe at Copper Mountain in the States (2:00) Jasmin Taylor took her first telemark win of the season in Pinzolo Lindsey Vonn became the oldest skier – at 41 years old - to win a World Cup race, in the Downhill in St Moritz (2:!5) I have picked up my own injury (2:30) Andy Butterworth from Kaluma Travel is in St Anton (3:50) Listen to Iain's interview with James Cove in Episode 261 (5:40) James Cove from planetski.eu is spending this winter in Canada  (5:50) James & Sinead from Sauze Online are in Via Lattea (8:!5) Tim Hudson from Inspired Italy is in the Dolomites (9:20) James Webb was in Selva Val Gardena (11:15) Dave Burrows from SnoPros Ski School was in Les Crosets (13:20) Al Judge from Alikats chalet company is in Morzine (14:40) Jim Duncombe is in La Clusaz (15:45) Betony Garner reported from St Gervais (17:20) Jen Tsang from That's La Plagne is in La Plagne (19:10) Alex Irwin from the YouTube channel ‘150 Days of Winter' is in Courchevel (20:40) Nicholas from Freeride Republic is in Meribel (21:20) Alex Armand from Tip Top Ski Coaching reports from Les 2 Alpes (23:00) Mike Richards was out in Pra Loup (23:30) Feedback If you've enjoyed this episode – or even if you didn't like it – I would love to know. You can leave a comment on Spotify, Instagram or Facebook – our handle is @theskipodcast – or drop me an email to theskipodcast@gmail.com  Matt Hayes: "Episode 267 was great. I appreciate all the work that goes into these."  You can also follow us on WhatsApp for exclusive material released ahead of the podcast.  There is so much in our back catalogue if you would like to get some insight on a particular destination or the latest kit, just go to theskipodcast.com, have a search around the tags and categories and you're bound to find something you'll find interesting to listen to.  if you'd like to help the podcast, there are three things you can do:      -          you can follow us, or subscribe, so you never miss an episode    -          you can give us a review on Apple Podcasts or leave a comment on Spotify    -          And, if you're booking ski hire this winter, don't forget that you can get an additional discount if you use the code ‘SKIPODCAST' when you book at intersportrent.com or simply take this link for your discount to be automatically applied

For years, gold was the asset nobody wanted to talk about. It sat there quietly while stocks and real estate continued to rip. Gold was for pessimists. For doomsayers and perma-bears.And then suddenly… gold didn't just wake up. It launched. As of mid-December 2025, spot gold is trading around $4,300–$4,400 an ounce, depending on the market, marking a gain of roughly 60% over the past year and pushing decisively into record territory. The obvious question is: why now? The short answer is that gold isn't reacting to one thing. It's responding to a stacking of pressures that have been quietly building for years and are now impossible to ignore.Start with central banks. For the better part of the last decade, central banks were net sellers or indifferent holders of gold. That changed dramatically after 2022. According to the World Gold Council, central banks have been buying gold at more than double the pace of the pre-COVID years, and 2025 continues that trend, with hundreds of tonnes added to reserves year-to-date. These aren't hedge funds chasing momentum. These are monetary authorities making deliberate, strategic decisions about what they trust to hold value. Why would central banks suddenly want more gold? Because geopolitics has re-entered the chat. We now live in a world where reserves can be frozen, payment systems can be weaponized, and “risk-free” assets depend heavily on political alignment. The World Bank has been explicit that rising geopolitical tensions and global uncertainty are key drivers of gold's surge this year. When trust in the global order erodes, gold benefits. At the same time, the U.S. dollar devaluation thesis is no longer fringe thinking. It is reality.Gold is priced in dollars, and when real yields fall and the dollar weakens, gold historically performs well. That dynamic is playing out again. Reuters has repeatedly pointed to a softer dollar and declining Treasury yields as near-term tailwinds for gold's rally . Bank of America's research echoes this relationship, emphasizing gold's inverse correlation to the dollar and the growing desire among nations to diversify away from dollar-centric reserves . In other words, gold isn't just going up because people are scared. It's going up because confidence in fiat discipline is eroding, slowly but persistently. So…Is gold still a buy or did we miss it? The truth is, both answers can be correct. Yes, gold is expensive relative to where it was a year ago. You don't go up 60% without pulling future returns forward. But what makes this cycle different is that many of the buyers driving demand are price-insensitive. Central banks don't care if gold is up 20% or down 10% in a quarter. They care about long-term reserve integrity. That's why major institutions aren't dismissing the move as a blow-off. Goldman Sachs has cited sustained central-bank demand and the potential for further ETF inflows as supportive of higher prices. J.P. Morgan continues to frame gold as a beneficiary of geopolitical instability and monetary uncertainty, and Bank of America is projecting prices as high as $5,000 an ounce into 2026. Of course, nothing goes up in a straight line. A shift toward tighter monetary policy or a sudden easing of global tensions could cool enthusiasm. Understand though, that gold's breakout isn't just about gold. There is a larger message that should be taken away from all of this. Hard money has come back into favor. Gold is the original hard asset. It's scarce, politically neutral, and has thousands of years of monetary credibility. But it's also heavy, difficult to move, and awkward in a digital world. Bitcoin exists on the same philosophical axis. Both gold and Bitcoin are reactions to the same problem: expanding debt, monetary dilution, and declining confidence in centralized control. Gold is the conservative expression of that view. Bitcoin is the aggressive one. Today, Bitcoin trades around $86,000, still volatile, still controversial, still misunderstood. But if gold's surge is signaling a regime shift toward hard assets, then Bitcoin may simply be earlier in that adoption curve. In other words, gold may be leading the parade. And if history is any guide, when institutions start moving into the oldest form of sound money, they eventually begin exploring the newest. That's the signal worth paying attention to. So this week, I interview Dana Samuelson, an old friend of the show and an expert in everything gold and hard money. Transcript Disclaimer: This transcript was generated by AI and may not be 100% accurate. If you notice any errors or corrections, please email us at phil@wealthformula.com.  Gold isn’t reacting to one thing, it’s actually responding to a stacking, uh, pressures, uh, that have been quietly building for years and, and really right now are impossible to ignore. Welcome, everybody. This is Buck Joffrey with the Wealth Formula Podcast coming to you. From Montecito, California and today. Uh, before we begin, just a quick reminder. Uh, there is a, uh, website associated with this podcast called wealth formula.com. And, uh, that’s where you go to get deeply more deeply integrated into this community, including our accredited investor club, AKA investor club for you to join. And, uh, once you get onboarded, all you do is you, you have an opportunity to see private deal flow, uh, that, uh, is not available to the general public. If you are an accredited investor, meaning that you have, uh, make $200,000 per year or $300,000 per year, uh, for the last two years with the reasonable expectation of continuing to do so, or you have a million dollars outside of your personal residence, a net worth, then you are an accredited investor and. All you need to do is sign up and join the club. Just go to wealth formula.com and sign up and get onboarded. Now, let’s talk a little bit about something that has been extraordinary this year. It’s gold. You know, for years, gold was the asset that nobody wanted to talk about. I mean, it sat there quietly. Well, stocks and real estate continue to rip. Um. Gold really is really, you know, was for the pessimists. For the doomsayers and the perma bears. I mean, I, I gotta tell you, I kind of am was one of those people, right? And then suddenly gold didn’t just wake up. It, it totally launched, exploded in his mid-December 2025. Spot Gold is trading around, I know, 4300, 4400 an ounce, depending on the market, gaining roughly 60% over the past year. Pushing decisively into record territory. Now the obvious question is why now? Well, the short answer is that gold isn’t reacting to one thing. It’s actually responding to a stacking, uh, pressures, uh, that have been quietly building for years and, and really right now are impossible to ignore. And this is an interesting shift because. The thing is that in the old days, and I’m even talking about 15, 20 years ago, uh, you would look at gold as something that didn’t really go up when the stock market was doing well, right? It was kind of a reaction. It was a fear-based thing. It still is sort of a fear-based thing, but now it’s not just fear of, you know, whether the stock market’s gonna crash. It’s fear of geopolitical concerns. That’s where the central banks come in, right? So for the better part of the last decade, central banks were net sellers. Or really indifferent of holders of, of gold, and that changed dramatically after 2022. So according to World Gold Council, central banks have been buying gold at more than double the pace of the pre COVID years. And 2025 continued that trend with hundreds of tons, uh, added to reserves year to date Now. These are central banks. They’re not hedge funds chasing momentum, right? They’re monetary authorities and they’re making deliberate strategic decisions about what they trust to hold value. And why would central banks suddenly want more gold? Well, because again, geopolitics has reentered that chat. We live in a world now where reserves can be frozen, right? Payment systems can be weaponized. Risk-free assets depend heavily on political alignment. Now of course, I’m talking about the United States when I’m mentioning all those things, right? Uh, how we can kind of just freeze assets of Russia and that kind of thing. I’m not, uh, pro-Russia, I’m just pointing out the fact that. Countries don’t like it when you freeze their assets. Right? The World Bank, uh, has been explicit that rising geopolitical tensions and global uncertainty are the key drivers of gold surges this year. And when trust in the global Ory roads, of course that is now when gold benefits and at the same time, the US dollar devaluation thesis is no longer just kind of fringe thinking. It’s reality. No one, no one even bothers to pretend that that’s not happening. So gold is, uh, of course, priced in dollars and when real yields fall, uh, and the dollar weakens gold historically performs well so that that dynamic is playing out again as well. In fact, Reuters has repeatedly pointed to a softer dollar and declining treasury yields as near term tailwinds for Gold’s Rally Bank of America. Uh, their research shows, uh, this relationship emphasizing gold’s inverse correlation to the dollar and the growing desire among nations to diversify away from the dollar centric reserves. In other words, gold isn’t just going up because people are scared. It’s going up because confidence in the fiat discipline is eroding altogether slowly. Persistently. So the question is, is gold still a buyer? Did we miss it? I mean, I just mentioned that it just went up by like 60%, right? So that’s a tricky question. It really is. I could certainly see some volatility there. But here’s the thing. I mentioned that central banks were big buyer, right? Central banks don’t care if gold is up 20% or down 10% in a quarter. They care about long-term reserve integrity. So they’re a price insensitive buyer. Um, and that’s why major, major institutions aren’t dismissing the move, as you know, just a big blow off. Uh, Goldman Sachs cited sustain central bank demand, and the potential for further ETF inflows is supportive of higher prices. Banks, uh, like JP Morgan and um, and, and Bank of America. I mean, they’re continuously talking about how gold is a beneficiary of this geopolitical instability. Bank of America is projecting prices high as $5,000 a ounce in 2026. So that’s still a big move, right? Of course, nothing goes up in a straight line. So shift toward tighter monetary policy or sudden easing of global tensions. Well, I, I could, they could cool enthusiasm, right? The less fear in the world. Well, that isn’t. That’s not good for gold. I understand though that gold’s breakout isn’t just about gold. There’s a larger message that should be taken away from all of this, and that is that hard money, real assets have come back into favoring, and gold is the original hard asset. It’s scarce, it’s politically neutral, tens of thousands of years of monetary credibility, but it’s also heavy, difficult to move and awkward in a digital world. Now, of course you know where I’m going with that. I don’t wanna make every gold conversation conversation about Bitcoin, but just as a reminder, Bitcoin exists on that same philosophical access, right? Both gold and Bitcoin are reactions to the same problem. Expanding debt, monetary dilution, declining confidence and centralized control. Gold is the conservative, you know, version of that, the expression of that Bitcoin is the crazy youngster, the aggressive one. They’re, they’re following the same rails. And today Bitcoin trades around $86,000. It’s still volatile, still controversial, still misunderstood, and really, listen, the market cap is 2 trillion bucks. Um, you know, no asset that has ever reached $2 trillion. Market cap has ever gotten to zero. But on the other hand, there’s it, it’s pretty small, and you could still move those markets really quickly, and that’s why you’ve got volatility. But if gold surge is signaling a, a, a shift towards hard assets, it’s really hard to not see that. Uh, Bitcoin may simply be, uh, you know, early in that adoption curve. In other words, gold may be leading the parade. And if history is any guide, uh, when institutions start moving into that, you know, oldest form of sound money, they eventually begin exploring the newest. And that’s, that’s a signal. Worth paying attention to. Anyway, this week what we’re gonna really focus on though is gold and hard money. We’ll talk a little bit about Bitcoin as well. My guest is Dana Samuelson, who is. An old friend of the show, and we will have that conversation right after these messages. Wealth Formula banking is an ingenious concept powered by whole life insurance, but instead of acting just as a safety net, the strategy supercharges your investments. First, you create a personal financial reservoir that grows at a compounding interest rate much higher than any bank savings account. As your money accumulates, you borrow from your own. Bank to invest in other cash flowing investments. Here’s the key. Even though you’ve borrowed money at a simple interest rate, your insurance company keeps paying. You compound interest on that money even though you’ve borrowed it at result, you make money in two places at the same time. That’s why your investments get supercharged. This isn’t a new technique, it’s a refined strategy used by some of the wealthiest families in history, and it uses century old rock solid insurance companies as its back. Turbo charge your investments. Visit wealth formula banking.com. Again, that’s wealth formula banking.com. Welcome back to the show everyone. Today my guest on Wealth Formula podcast ad Samuelson. He is been on the show before. He’s friend of the show. He is a professional. How do we see this numismatist since, uh, 1980. Working with some of the most influential, precious metals trading companies in the country. Before founding his own American Gold Exchange Incorporated in 1998. Uh, for nearly a decade, he was a personal protege of James U. Blanchard ii, one of the true giants of the industry, and the individual most responsible for re legalizing the private ownership of gold in the us. American Gold Exchange Inc. Is a national mail order, precious metals and rare coin dealership that makes competitive buy and sell markets in mainstream, modern, gold, silver, platinum, palladium, bullion coins and bars and classic pre 1933 US Gold and silver coins and World War ii European Gold coins. I don’t know if I left anything out, but welcome Dana. How are you doing? I’m doing great, buck. Thanks for having me back. I really appreciate it. Well, it was funny, we had a little conversation, uh, just before we started and I said, well, gosh, you know, uh, we’ve had you on the show before, maybe once, maybe twice. And, you know, and, and you, um, I think Apley described the gold market as watching paint dry. And I, I think that’s, I think that’s pretty adequate. Um, I mean, for, I mean, the last decade or so before this all happened. So, so let’s start talking about it. So, gold gold’s moved into price territory that, you know, very few people would’ve predicted even a couple years ago. So what, from your perspective, having lived lived through multiple gold cycles, what feels fundamentally different about this move? Uh, this market is a globally driven market and it’s focused on physical. There’s been a move into gold this year, and silver now platinum two. To a degree palladium, uh, in a physical level that we haven’t seen since the late seventies when we had the last really, you know, red hot market driven by fears over debt inflation. Geopolitics. Uh, you’ve got the bricks, nations that are trying to divorce themselves of the dollar, but they really can’t do it easily because there’s not a good viable alternative except for gold. And that’s been one of the leading drivers of this gold price surge that has really, you know, almost doubled in price since, uh, two years ago. A lot of it is, you know, underpinned by Central Bank Gold buying, you know, between 1950 and 2010, after the dollar became the world’s reserve currency backed by gold. And even after we un pegged the dollar to gold in the 1970s, 1971, central bankers had had gold on their, physically in their vaults from pre-World War ii when gold was money, uh, they shed that. From the 1950 all the way to 2010, they became net buyers after the great financial crisis due to the global debt explosion and primarily quantitative easing printing money outta thin air. But they were buy, they were modest buyers, you know, 500 tons a year until Russia invaded the Ukraine in 2022. And we sanctioned Russia and weaponized the dollar. The last four years, they bought, you know, almost a thousand tons of gold year or double. That really became material last year in price as the cumulative effects of their continually buying about a fifth of what the mines make every year started to really impact supplies and price movement. And now we’ve got President Trump this year, you know, throwing a monkey wrench into the World Trade order with his tariffs. And I think that that’s created a lot of uncertainty, some fear. And of course the debt just continues to go higher and higher. And now interest payments on our debt are over a trillion dollars for the first time ever. So debt servicing is starting to become problematic. The cumulative effects of all this have caused the, the people around the world, including central governments to buy gold at record rates. Um, but it’s not the phenomenon that’s happening in the United States. ’cause we don’t have a gold culture in our country, like almost every other country does. It’s interesting. Um, so what, you know, you’ve been talking about really is central banks around the world have it really been accumulating gold at levels we haven’t really seen in modern times. Right. And, and, uh, why do you think the US Central Bank. It doesn’t do the same because is it an admission of the debasement of the dollar? Because really the gold, gold is the anti dollar. I’ve always viewed it as the anti dollar maybe. Maybe that’s not the, you know, you may not agree with that a hundred percent, but I’ve always viewed it that way, and so why wouldn’t the US hedge and accumulate more? Well, we’re the world’s reserve currency. That Right. That’s, that’s created a paper culture in our, in our world. It’s now three generations old, right? Since 1945, when the dollar became the world’s reserve currency and we, the world went to a paper money standard instead of a gold money standard, which was the world’s standard from ancient times all the way till the 1930s. You know, the, our monetary system when the country was founded in 1793 was based on gold and silver coins. A copper penny was the size of a half dollar because that’s what one penny’s worth of copper was worth in 1793. Right. Um, you know, after World War ii, we had a couple things that the rest of the world didn’t have. We had a manufacturing, uh, industries that were, uh, unaffected by the, physically by the war. And we had, you know, the ability for markets to work properly, which should allow the dollar to become the world’s reserve currency. Backed by, you know, 8,200 some odd tons of gold, the biggest pile of gold that any country had. Actually, at that time it was more like 20,000 tons of gold. Uh, but by the time we got to the seventies and we un pegged from gold, we were down to about 8,000 tons. That’s still more than anybody else is supposed to have. I do think China could have more gold than that. Now they’re just not telling us they do. You know, officially they’ve got about 2,400 tons of gold, uh, and the second and third are, you know, 3000 tons of gold. So we, we still have a lot of gold. And there’s talk about auditing Fort Knox and monetizing it, but it only gets us about a trillion dollars. It’s not enough to really, you affect the 38 trillion, maybe pay the debt off for a year, or, you know, for six months. Six months, yeah. Something like that. Our, our debt is starting to matter too. You know, it’s doubled twice in the last 20 years. It gonna double again in the next 10 to 70 trillion, 78 trillion. People hear about the, the whole, uh, the bricks phenomena, right? And part of, part of what you were just discussing in the, uh, accumulation of gold. Explain that, explain what’s going on over there for people who aren’t paying attention, and you know how that is, how that is playing into all of this. Well, when we sanctioned Russia after they invaded the Ukraine. And seized their assets and threw them off of the Swift International Bank Transfer Payment System. We forced countries that were concerned that if they ran politically afoul of us, we could do the same to them. They forced them into thinking, oh, how do we get some independence from that vulnerability? Potential vulnerability? It’s not easy to replace the dollar. What they’ve, what they’ve been doing is replacing the Swift Bank transfer payment system with a payment transfer system of their own right so they can move money amongst themselves outside of the SWIFT system, number one. And since there isn’t a good viable alternative to the dollar, really the only other asset that makes sense is gold. Gold is a neutral asset. It’s not like you need it for oil or grain or steel. Nobody really needs gold, right? But it’s universally trusted. It’s immediately liquid, and it’s got a couple other things going for it that are unique. Number one, it has no counterparty risk. It’s one of the only assets. It isn’t simultaneously someone else’s liability. And number two, uh, gold in a vault can’t be seized or sanctioned. Right, so they’ve been going to gold, like they’ve been going to gold for, for centuries. It’s just, it hasn’t been that way since after World War ii. It’s a, it’s kinda like a back to the past kind of a situation. It’s sort of back to the future. It’s back to the past. That’s the allure for gold and the reason why they’re accumulating. In fact, they just launched their own currency unit called the unit. 40% backed by gold. The bricks nations have now it’s in its infancy and it’ll take a while for it to really, you know, work. But they’ve been building the components and the infrastructure to get to this point, creating the transfer of payment systems and all the components to go along with that so that they could announce something that they could use as a, as a settlement vehicle for trade, which is really what this is all about. And they’re backing at 40% by gold. Which is material and it’ll become bigger as time passes. Let’s, let’s try talk a little bit about that price movement. Huge. Um, is 60% in the last couple years, is that about right? This year alone, gold’s up 67% on a 12 month rolling basis, 67%. I mean, those are like bitcoin num, you know, type movements in the past. Right. They’re kind of crazy. So a lot of people are looking at those prices today and they’re thinking, well, I’m late to the party. Uh, are they late to the party? How do you, uh, what, what do you think’s going on there? I think the party’s about halfway through. We haven’t got to the late innings yet. I, I really do think this, and this is why this is the fourth major bull run in gold we’ve seen since we went off the gold standard in 1971. We had a a 20 to one run for gold in the seventies that was built on two oil shocks. 18% inflation and a crisis of confidence in the US then for the next 30 years. You know, 25 years a good part of my career. You know, watching gold was like watching paint dry. It traded routinely between three and $500 an ounce until we got into war, uh, following the nine 11 attacks, Iraq and I, Afghanistan, and we went into deficit spending. Then we had a second financial crisis when the great financial crisis hit another bull bull market in gold. Then we had COVID economic closures, another bull market in gold. Now we’ve got a fourth, but it’s lacking what the first three had, which was fear in the US over either economics or geopolitical events. So this gold price has essentially doubled since March or April of 2024. With no fear and a lot of complacency in the US markets. So my, my thinking is what happens if the economy slows down and, you know, the Fed’s gonna lower rates anyway. We know that’s coming with a new Fed chairman in the next five months, six months, number one, that’s good for gold. What happens if we go into a real economic slowdown and the Fed really has to drop rates, or God forbid, go to QE again, right? Or inflation rears its ugly head because the fed’s too accommodative in it. Situation where, you know, supplies are kind of tight still because of the monkey wrench, president Trump has thrown into the World Trade Order. You know, if we get fear in the US that’s when gold could go from 4,000 to, you know, 8,000. And I’m not saying that’s gonna happen, but I do think the trends have driven gold higher are not gonna change anytime soon. One of the things that you’re mentioning is those trends and like even. You know, in the last 15 years ago when I’ve been sort of involved in the investor world, the, the things that we talk about with trends with with gold have changed. I mean, usually you don’t see AI stocks going up with gold, right? Like, I mean, not that AI was around, but the point is tech stocks, that kind of thing. How is that thesis fundamentally changed? Um, I’m not quite sure I understand your question. Well, what I mean is like if gold was, gold used to be, I think it’s, you know, something again that people would buy when they were afraid of, of what’s going on in the equity markets. Right. Uh, that’s clearly not the case now. No, no, not at all. Right. Talk about that change. When did that change happen? How did it happen? This is a globally driven market. It’s not a US-centric market. This is fear around the world. You know, central banks started to underpin this market in 2022 when they stepped up their buying and doubled it. But this year, because of the uncertainty, uh, and some of the fear that President Trump’s tariffs and the way they’ve been deployed, kind of knee jerky, um, and inconsistently. Certainly not diplomatically, right? You know, it’s caused a lot of concern around the world. And for example, in April when President Trump announced the reciprocal tariffs on April 2nd, what happened? The bond market went into the complete dislocation, yields spiked from 4% to 4.5% in a week. The bond values tumble because investors started pulling money out of the, and taking it back home. Money that’d come in from Europe and Asia started to go back. So what did President Trump do? He pulled back the reciprocal tariffs on every country, but China and China said, well, we’re not gonna drop tariffs on you. And he said, well, we’ll ramp ’em up on you. So we went toe to toe with him. Until a week later, we were at 145% tariffs on China, and they were 125% on us. Well, if you’re a Chinese investor and you have real estate or stocks to invest in, and both of which have done badly since COVID or gold, what are you gonna do when your best customer suddenly says, Hey, we really don’t want your products, because that’s what 145% tariffs say to the Chinese. We don’t want your products. You can’t sell ’em here. You gotta go sell ’em somewhere else, but we’re their best customer. So they bought gold. They bought gold handover fist, and they drove the gold price up $500 by themselves during that month. That’s what I mean by fear outside of the us. Yeah. We don’t get it inside. Well, and and that’s fear outside of the markets too, right? I think that’s, that’s the fundamental shift I was trying to get at is true. It used to be that gold was, uh, gold would react on fear of the markets, but now there’s another level of fear, which is geopolitical. And it doesn’t seem like there’s any time soon that that’s gonna end. No, no. I, I, I’ve called it like a run on the bank only. It’s not a run on the bank of like George Bailey’s run on the bank and it’s a wonderful life. This is a run on the gold market, the physical gold and silver and platinum markets. That’s really what this is, and it’s a global rush to buy. And it’s not just central banks, it’s the public as well. Due to uncertainty, part of it’s fear of missing out now that we’ve had a big run in prices too. That’s FOMO in there too. That’s what I’m trying to, that’s part of what I was wondering too though, is like, you know, again, there’s people out there now who, um, are, are looking at this and they might even be listening to us going, gosh, yeah, it really makes sense and I happen to have no gold. What do I do? You know, what do I do now? Do I buy now? And, and I’ll, you know, and, and the next thing you know. I find out this was a frothy market and, and I’m down 20% for the next three years. I mean, that kind of thing. So I, I think it’s a, it is a tricky time, but, so that sort of, I guess, brings up when you think of gold, um, in a portfolio. I mean, you say, you’ve said in the past, it’s not about getting rich. Well, some people really did get rich this time. Uh, you said it’s about preserving wealth, right? So how should investors think about Gold’s role alongside stocks, real estate, and other assets right now? Well, even I think JP Morgan Chase has said this year, you know, instead of a 60 40 portfolio, you should have a 60 20 20 portfolio with 20% bonds and 20% precious metals. Gold in particular, because of what’s been happening. And now we don’t have a gold culture in our country, like most every other country does. So most Americans don’t get it. And that’s part of. We’ve ingrained because the dollar is the world’s reserve currency and it insulates us from currency shocks in commodity pricing primarily. Uh, without that insulation, you know, they might think things a little bit differently, but you know, any good financial planner will say you should have a little bit of precious metals as part of your portfolio, uh, as a hedge against financial uncertainty. And it certainly worked perfectly well during the great financial crisis. And when COVID hit because. Gold tends to counter cyclically, perform in price against stocks and bonds, and it’s always liquid. Now, you’re a real estate investor, you understand real estate. What couldn’t you get in 2009 alone? Right? Bankers wouldn’t give anybody money, right? But if you had gold, you could get liquidity, right? And gold, you know, almost doubled between 2008 and 2011 at the same time when most assets were dropping 50%. That’s an insurance policy for the rest of your money. That’s why I said, look, it’s a way to preserve wealth and have a hedge against financial uncertainty. But in the market that we’re in now, you know, having more than just the, the minimum, which is five to 10% of assets as a, you know, potentially an investment instead of just an insurance policy. That makes sense. But you’re right, you could buy and you could, you know, tie up money that won’t produce anything for a couple years, maybe longer. You also have an insurance policy in case the wheels do come off like they did during the great financial crisis or during COVID. Yeah. Yeah. I was listening to, uh, another podcast. I listened to the, these, uh, guys, the All In podcast, and, uh, Tucker Carlson was on there, and apparently he’s a, you know, huge, uh, physical gold guy. And, and he said, and I, I think he was serious. He said he buries it in his backyard and then he spreads a bunch of, um. Uh, a bunch of, you know, silver beads, uh, out there too, like, just in case no one can like, use a medical metal detector and find it is gold. Uh, let’s talk about that nuance of, of physical gold versus, you know, buying ETFs and all that stuff. What’s your take? I mean, what, what do you tell people when they say, well, gosh, you know, uh, it might be hard for me to store that gold and, and why shouldn’t I just get an ETF and, and talk a little bit about that? Well, I trade ETFs in my IRA account. When I think the, when I think I can harness price movement, that’s what I use ETFs for. You know, they’re a paper representation of gold, uh, that you can trade at the click of a button, physical gold. Is valuable. It’s, you have to find a place to store it. It’s pretty inert, so you can, you can bury it in your backyard, keep the elements out of it, but then there’s some risk there because it could be found, it could be stolen, so you do have to store it somewhere. You can put it in a bank safe deposit box, but I don’t really recommend that because what happens if there’s a banking holiday and you can’t get to it? So having a home safe or maybe, you know, maybe bearing it in the backyard. Is an option if that’s what you wanna do. Or there are independent professionally run storage facilities. There’s a few of ’em around the country that are run by precious metals dealers that are, you know, big entities. Uh uh. So I think they’re trustworthy and they certainly have the ability to service and aren’t properly insured. So that if something happens, you know your value is protected. And that’s primarily what you pay for as a storage fee is a percentage of value. Not so much number ounces that you have there, but the value percentage, because it is an insurance, uh, related value, right? The value goes up, they’ve gotta get more insurance so they get a higher storage fee for that same amount of metal if the value increases, which is unlike other assets. So I do have a couple of those I recommend that are run by professional. Companies that have been in business for years that we know would trust and have performed perfectly. If you wanna store, um, physical metal now gold is compact. You know, a hundred ounces is smaller than a paperback novel and it’s $450,000 worth of value today. You could, I could literally have one bar in each one of my coat pockets and be walking around with almost a million bucks in my pockets, and no one would know. Silver. You know, silver creates a bigger problem because it takes 70 ounces of silver to equal an ounce of gold. So there’s a lot more volume involved and a lot more weight, which is why sometimes these facilities make more sense if you wanna store something that’s more bulky like silver. But if you’re gonna store gold somewhere, that’s not easy to find. You wanna make sure somebody you trust behind you knows where it’s just in case something happens to you. Right? Yeah. Um. What, um, how difficult is it, uh, Dana, for someone to, I guess, say they wanna sell, say maybe they need to sell one of those bricks in your pocket there? Uh, and, and, um, is that a, um, a process that, I mean, it’s, you know, it’s not as easy as clicking a button at that point, right? But to make sure that you get the best possible price for your gold and all that, I mean, you’re not gonna go to a pawn shop and. Oh, that, so like, I, I’m just curious on the mechanics of that. ’cause I’ve, you know, I’ve, I’ve never sold, you know, physical gold for anything. So, so our, our company’s a physical dealer. We’re a hybrid between Amazon and a financial institution. And that, uh, we sell something online or over the telephone. The price is always changing on a minute by minute basis, but it’s like you’re buying shoes. It’s just, you know, you don’t quite know what the price is gonna be. So we physically, you know, figure out which product you should purchase, what’s best for you, and then we ship it to you if you want to sell it, it’s just the reverse of the transaction. You have to present it for delivery, which means you have to ship it back to, uh, your dealer, or, you know, physically deliver to them, and you get paid immediately upon delivery. So, um, you know, we, we do business like a financial institution. You can call us up, place a transaction over the phone. Uh, if it’s a smaller transaction, we’ll do that without deposit funds. If it’s a bigger transaction, we don’t know, you will want funds first, but once we lock in, that’s the price. Just like when you buy stock and then you pay the balance or, or we ship you the merchandise, whichever comes first. Um. You get it, inspect it, make sure you, you got what you’re supposed to get. In fact, it, you know, in the last two years with this gold price just climbing higher and higher, we’ve got a lot of clients that are complacent. They like the stock market that’s been hitting record highs, uh, and they’ve been shedding gold. We’ve actually bought more gold as an industry, not just our company, but as an industry in the last year than we’ve bought in a single year in 20 years. So it’s very easy to reverse the transaction. But what I would tell you. For your listeners is, and this is important, you should buy sovereign minted products, gold ounces, silver ounces, one ounce gold coins. They’re really just round bars made by the US Mint, the Royal Canadian Mint, the British Royal Mint. The Austrian Mint instead of refinery made. One ounce bars or 10 ounce bars or kilo bars of gold because we have a modest but growing problem with Chinese counterfeits. The Chinese can take tungsten and plate it with gold and pass it off as reel, and they can do that much better with refinery made bars that have plain design pictures stamped onto them. They can replicate those very well, but they cannot replicate the intricate pictures. The US Mint or the Canadian Mint, or the Austrian mint, British royal mint stamp onto that one ounce gold coin. We call it a coin. It’s just a round bar made by a mint that struck with dyes like a coin. And all of the mints around the world have introduced minute anti-counterfeiting design elements into the picture that they stamp on their coins to deter Chinese counterfeits. And it’s working. So the most important thing is, you know, do business with a reputable dealer that’s been around a long time, that has a good reputation, not a, not some new entity, right? You wanna find a, a trusted member of the community and develop a relationship that makes buying again or selling very easy. Once you have a relationship with a dealer, and we know the product you’ve purchased, we’ll take it back very easily. Uh, silver is, you know, people talk a lot about it in the context of, you know, the lump it with gold but has very different characteristics. Um, how do you think about silver today? I love silver today. Uh, it’s, it’s a metal at times as hard to love because every time it makes a big gain, it can give it up pretty easily. It’s more volatile than gold, but gold’s about 90% monetary metal in 10%. Commodity metal silver’s about 50 50, but what silver has going for it is, uh, a couple of unique characteristics that virtually no other metal comes, uh, as close to, which is conductivity of heat and electricity. Silver is amazing in that it’s the best at conducting both heat and electricity. I’ve got a one ounce silver coin on my desk here, and if you take this coin and hold it between your fingers and take an ice cube. You can literally cut that ice cube in half in about 6, 7, 8 seconds with a pure silver coin because the heat from your fingers gets transmitted to the coin and goes right through the ice cube. That’s just a simple example of how conductive silver is for temperature, and we have a structural supply deficit in the silver market that we’ve had for about five years now, where the industry. Is consuming more silver than comes out of the ground on an annual basis. So we’re eating into the above ground supply. Uh, so fundamentally that’s the supply and demand equation favor silver. Uh, plus because gold is moved up so much in price, silver is getting a rotation into it because it’s underperformed relative to gold until just recently where it’s played catch pretty sharply in just the last three or four months. If you measure. How many ounces of gold, uh, how many ounces of silver it takes to equal an ounce of gold, the gold to silver ratio back in April. That was a hundred to one, you know, which was an extreme. Today that ratio is a, is a little under 70 to one. It’s 67, 68 to one. So silver has played up in ketchup in price. Where is that historically? Uh, well. Normally it’s between about 40 to one and 80 to one with about 60 to one as the, as the pivot point where it’s in, they’re in equilibrium. But in the last four or five years with gold leading and silver lagging, we’ve routinely been in the 85 to 90 to one range. Uh, and we actually hit a hundred to one in April of this year, uh, which was the highest it’s been, um, except for when we had a kind of a knee jerk in the medals during COVID, which was an anomaly. Uh, didn’t last. So, but anyway. Silver is playing ketchup because it’s been undervalued relative to gold. Um, and we’ve seen, you know, people that wanna be in the metals, but think gold’s a little expensive. They’ve rotated out of gold, and we’ve seen some of that money move into silver and also into platinum. Now, platinum was under a thousand dollars this time of year ago, and it’s almost $1,900 announced today. So it’s almost platinum’s up, uh, almost a hundred percent now. This year where silver’s up 120% this year and a lot of this demand is driven globally. We’ve seen huge demand in silver in India this year because gold is so, has become so expensive, and that’s what I mean by a global run on the, on the bank. It’s not just China, Japan, it’s India too, and Europe as well. Physical buying and et f buying ETFs are available around the world in precious metals now that really haven’t been very impactful until this year. Um, but that’s what the world’s doing, you know? No discussion these days on gold is complete without at least mentioning Bitcoin. Uh, you know, and, and it’s, it’s interesting because, um, you know, even within the, uh, uh, gold world, I mean, there’s, there’s some prominent people who are really bought in to Bitcoin. Like I, Lawrence Lepert has been on the show multiple times now, and Larry’s all in. Um, just curious as a, you know, as a gold person, what do you see where, what do you see the role or do you not believe in this thing? Do you believe it is a, a parallel? Um, I, there’s so many things that you say about gold. That I’m like, yeah, you can say that about Bitcoin too and carry, you know, millions of dollars in your pocket. You can, you know, it’s, uh, there’s a very little amount of it. Um, obviously it’s new, right? Gold has been around for, since the beginning of time and, and now we’ve got 2009 for Bitcoin. What is your view? How are you seeing it? May, how are your colleagues seeing it in the gold space? Well, a couple different points to make here. Um, you know, when, when Bitcoin came out in 20 10, 20 11, you know, one of my friends in the, in the precious metals business told me I should buy it when it was 20 bucks and I didn’t get it. So I didn’t do it, and that was a big mistake on my part. But Bitcoin has one advantage that no other currency or gold has, which you can move serious money over borders easily. You’re right, you can carry it around in your pocket, in your wallet and, um, you know, you carry a lot of value around and transfer it at the, you know, click of a button. And no co counterparty risk, just like you said with gold, right? Yeah. Well, there’s some modest counterparty risk with, with bitcoin that you, you have counterparty risk with gold and theft as well. Um. Bitcoin is volatile. It’s, you know, it’s, it’s very volatile. It’s still the speculative investment. I mean, it was 124,000, you know, four months ago, and now it’s about 85,000, 90,000. So there’s volatility there that gold doesn’t have. But more importantly, what I’ve seen in my career is a generational divide. The older, older people, you know, 45 and older, like gold and silver. Younger people that grew up with phones in their hands like Bitcoin. The volatility in Bitcoin that we’ve seen in these two big selloff cycles in Bitcoin have not the first one, but the second one have helped to bring some of those younger people into the stability of gold, especially in the year when gold is doing pretty well. ’cause it then it kind of has a little bit of that Bitcoin allure, which is, you know, get rich quick. But, um. Bitcoin’s volatile, but it’s here to stay and it is now the most respected cryptocurrency. Like I almost bought Ethereum, you know, 10 years ago when one of my friends was explaining both to me and said that Ethereum basically had better fundamentals. But you know, it’s kind of inventing, it’s kinda like investing in a. What, uh, beta, beta max instead of VHS back in the day. Some of the older people remember that. You bet on the wrong horse, you know? Yeah, exactly. Well, you’ve, uh, you know, you built this, uh, firm on transparency, integrity, uh, in an industry that doesn’t always have the best reputation. Right? So for investors who decide that precious metals belong in their portfolio. Uh, how can they get a hold of you? Well, our website is, uh, A-M-E-R-G-O-L d.com. Uh, we don’t have, you know, 10,000 items on our website. We have a, we have a small listing of what available products are because we stick with mainstream items, products that are primarily easy to sell, uh, competitively priced, widely traded, and easily understood. Um, uh. Uh, email address is info I nfo@amggold.com. Uh, we have a toll, toll free number 806 1 3 9 3 2 3. Uh, we’re consultative in nature. We’ll, we’ll answer any questions. Happily, gladly, uh, no transactions too small or too large. What we really wanna do, uh, is help people because if we do that, we help ourselves. And when you treat people right, it, it comes back. And our industry does have a chair of bad actors. And, um, you, you wanna make sure that you do business with someone reputable that’s been in the industry a long time. And I understand some people may wanna do this locally where they can actually walk into a place of business. Do this instead of over the phone. So look for dealers that have, you know, longstanding, uh, businesses and good reputations. If you see a reputation that, uh, has some complaints, you know, there are other choices for you. But, um, we just try and help people buck. That’s really what we try and do. We certainly have the reputation for it. Dana. So thank you so much for being on Wellfor podcast. Well, thanks for having me. It’s great to see you again, and I wish you a great success in 2026 and a happy holiday season. You too. You make a lot of money, but are still worried about retirement. Maybe you didn’t start earning until your thirties. Now you’re trying to catch up. Meanwhile, you’ve got a mortgage, a private school to pay for, and you feel like you’re getting further and further behind. Now, good news, if you need to catch up on retirement, check out a program put out by some of the oldest and most prestigious life insurance companies in the world. It’s called Wealth Accelerator, and it can help you amplify your returns quickly, protect your money from creditors, and provide financial protection to your family if something happens to you. The concepts here are used by some of the wealthiest families in the world, and there’s no reason why they can’t be used by you. Check it out for yourself by going to wealth formula banking.com. Welcome back to Show England. Hope you enjoyed it and, uh, I will. Uh, I should admit though, that if you go back and you listen on my, uh, past shows, this is one that I was wrong on. I, I’ve never been a gold bug. My biggest issue with gold. Um, has always been, you know, from an investment thesis that it doesn’t really do anything, doesn’t yield anything, and what’s the point of owning it rather than owning, uh, real estate. And actually, if you just look at what I said, it’s, it’s still, it’s still, it’s still kind of true, right? I mean, you can argue, well, yeah, the real estate markets really did, uh, did struggle over the last couple years. But listen, at the end of the day. The real estate market struggled because of leverage, right? Gold. There’s no leverage, no one’s borrowing, buying gold on leverage, and so it can go up and down and it doesn’t really hurt anybody. If you take the last couple decades and you know how much people made from, uh, real estate versus Bitcoin, even though there’s this huge, uh, huge uptick in Bitcoin now it’s, it’s probably the case that they come out pretty close. If not, uh, you know, real estate still being the winner. But anyway, uh, I do want to say and admit that I was wrong. That, uh, that the gold wasn’t really worth, uh, owning. I think, uh, you know, I wish I had owned some, just like a lot of people wish they’d own Bitcoin at $6,000, right? Um, in fact, I will say that one of the things in hindsight that I think of is gold in many ways for the last several years was on sale. And I haven’t really been talking about this as much, but I’ve been reflecting on this a great deal about making sure that as an investor you wake yourself up once in a while and ask, okay, well, what’s on sale? Well, gold was on sale for a while. Silver was definitely on sale. Right? Um, doesn’t mean you have to go in, have, you know, 50% of your portfolio in something like that, but when something’s on sale, it’s not a bad idea to look around. And maybe get, you know, get a little bit of exposure. I do think that real estate is there right now. I think real estate, you know, if you’re in the credit investor group, you’re seeing on a routine basis 30%, uh, discounted offerings from just a couple years ago. And I do think that’s on sale right now. But there are other things as well, arguably. I mean, I, I actually think that Bitcoin is, uh, uh, sort of on sale right now. I mean, sitting at 86,000, anybody who thinks it’s not gonna go to a hundred thousand at some point in the next, you know, 12 months is, I mean, I think it’s highly unlikely that it doesn’t go to a hundred thousand, right? So think about that right now. That’s like a 14% gain right then and there. Anyway, sometimes it’s good to just look around and see what’s on sale. Uh, that’s my message for this week. Uh, this is Buck Joffrey with Wealth Formula Podcast signing off. If you wanna learn more, you can now get free access to our in-depth personal finance course featuring industry leaders like Tom Wheel Wright and Ken McElroy. Visit wealthformularoadmap.com.

Welcome back to Bri Books! In this episode, we're diving deep into the world of orange wine,  one of the oldest and most misunderstood wine styles in the world. Discover what orange wine really is, how it's made, how it tastes, and why Austrian and Georgian producers excel at this method. I also share highlights from the Orange Glou Wine Fair, including some of my favorite importers and bottles: D-I Wine (Alsace, France): Domaine Brand's Tout Terriblement (100% Gewurztraminer) Donkey and Goat Winery (California): Elen Ridge Vineyard Stone Crusher (Roussanne) 8000 Vintage Selections (Georgia): Nikalas Marani Rkatsiteli 2020 and Vellino Wines Kisi 2020 Plus, we explore standout Austrian orange wines: Heinrich Graue Freyheit (Burgenland) Weingut Pittnauer Perfect Day (Burgenland) from Savio Soares Selections Fidesser Orbis (Weinviertel) Weingut Schmelzer Sämling Orange 2017 Learn practical tips on how to taste, serve, and enjoy orange wine, and why it's so food-friendly. Whether you're new to orange wine or already a fan, this episode is your guide to tasting something different! Listen and Subscribe: Apple Podcasts: Spotify:  Website: bribookspod.com Connect on Instagram: Listen to Bri Books on Apple Podcasts and Spotify. Leave a review if you're enjoying the show. Tell me what you're drinking using #BriBooks on Instagram, and subscribe to the newsletter at bribookspod.com/newsletter.

Subscribe to the podcastWe invited friends of the show, Dean and Ace, of the End Times Continue podcast to have a conversation about the Non-Aggression Principle and it's applicability to lifeboat scenarios.The End Times ContinueFollow them on Twitter: @Ace_Archist, @PacingJouskaLearn about Bitcoin at a trickleBitcoinTrickle.comSponsorLiberty MugsKeep in touch with us everywhere you areJoin our Telegram groupLike us on FacebookFollow us on Twitter: @libertymugs (Rollo), @Slappy_Jones_2Check us out on PatreonLearn everything you need to know about Bitcoin in just 10 hours10HoursofBitcoin.comPodcast version

Join us for a deep and candid conversation with Chairwoman Angela McArdle on how the Ross Ulbricht pardon came about, including the political dynamics and motives surrounding President Trump at that pivotal moment. We also explore the existential pursuit of financial freedom, the tension between free markets and systemic control, and the current

A decision-grade map of DACH execution signals for 2026: where regulation creates demand, where AI credibility is earned, and which business models are being repriced. This episode breaks down what actually changed in the DACH startup ecosystem heading into 2026. - Europe's AI advantage in regulated and industrial applications - Why integration and distribution are now the AI ​​moat - Fintech repricing: margins, compliance, scale economics - Regulation as forced innovation catalyst (e-invoicing) - Marketplaces as balance-sheet strategies.

Happy Holidays & Merry Christmas! We kick off this festive episode by debuting our Christmas sweaters and battling some technical difficulties with a new microphone that may or may not sound like a tin can... you let us know. We discuss the overwhelming stress of the season, the joy of receiving fancy hot chocolate from London, and why Erin refuses to drink eggnog. What even is it? We also get a major update on Dan, who has taken his obsession to a new level by building a luxury habitat for a toad living in the garage, complete with a moss dome, a pool, and a working miniature lamp post.We then transition into a "Holiday Survival Guide," offering our best tips for enduring awkward parties, which mostly involves "dissociating," holding a phone as a shield, and finding an extrovert to cling to. We debate whether "The Grinch" is a name, a job title, or an ethnicity, and vent our frustrations about Apple TV holding A Charlie Brown Christmas hostage. Finally, we react to the terrifying Austrian tradition of Krampus runs (where people get whipped by demons), listen to a spam voicemail live on the air, and discuss the statistic that 1 in 4 Americans plan their entire Christmas Day around watching sports.

Welcome back to Wine Week on Bri Books: BriCember! In this episode, we dive into Austrian wine — one of Europe's most exciting and under-discussed wine regions. From Burgenland's signature red grape Blaufränkisch to the steep hillside vineyards of Steiermark, this episode explores what makes Austrian wine so distinctive, sustainable, and food-friendly. I shares firsthand experiences from a Wein Burgenland seminar, break down key regions, and highlight my favorite Austrian red and orange wines to know right now. We cover: Why Austria is one of Europe's best-kept wine secrets Austria's commitment to organic and environmentally conscious viticulture The role of the Austrian Winegrowers' Association and the DAC system What makes Blaufränkisch Austria's most important red grape Why Burgenland is the heart of Austrian red wine Steiermark wines: hillside vineyards, limestone soils, and hand-harvested precision Austrian orange wines and why Austria excels at skin-contact whites Wines mentioned: Blaufränkisch & Red Wines Erich Sattler St. Laurent 2020 , Imported by Zev Rovine in NY Judith Beck Blaufränkisch 2021, imported by Zev Rovine in NY, shop here Markus Altenburger Blaufränkisch vom Kalk 2020, imported by Jenny and Francois Selections Meinklang Blaufränkisch 2020 Regions Discussed Burgenland Steiermark (Südsteiermark DAC) My favorite Austrian wine links and resources Shop Wein Burgenland wines Austrian Wine: Burgenland Orange Glou Wine Fair Follow & Subscribe to Bri Books!  Listen to Bri Books on Apple Podcasts and Spotify. Leave a review if you're enjoying the show. Tell me what you're drinking using #BriBooks on Instagram, and subscribe to the newsletter at bribookspod.com/newsletter.

As we look back at our international reporters' most memorable stories of the last year, we revisit the story of the defiant Austrian nuns.  The three sisters, all in their 80's, recently ran away from a nursing home. With the help of supporters, and a locksmith, they broke into their former convent in defiance of church orders. They're determined to fulfill their vows and grow old on their own terms. These sisters are have taken Instagram by storm where they're being supported by a growing community. We go to Salzburg to meet them.Learn more about sponsor message choices: podcastchoices.com/adchoicesNPR Privacy Policy

The Last Trade: Jeff Deist explains why “saving” died in the fiat era, how markets morphed into a casino, why gold is quietly re-monetizing, and what Bitcoin's financialization gets dangerously wrong as younger generations face a broken denominator, housing despair, and a culture of Hail Mary bets.---

Connor O'Keeffe joins Rob Kientz on The Freedom Report for a wide-ranging conversation on Austrian economics, government power, and why today's affordability crisis is no accident. From inflation and interventionism to the failures of both political parties, Connor explains how decades of policy decisions have reshaped the economy, and why everyday Americans are paying the price. Connor and Rob also explore how real change actually happens, why crises accelerate power grabs, and what individuals can do to push back and build alternatives before the next shock hits.The original episode is available at https://youtu.be/5pl8sIOvTSA

Send us a textLuke 2 tells us that Mary and Joseph went to Bethlehem "to be taxed", and while there, the baby Jesus was born. But, what do we know about that taxing from history? Did everyone travel? What was the general tax environment in the Roman world at the time? Did they actually remit a tax, or, what was the purpose of this trip? Jeff and Scott chat with Roman historian Anna Dolganov about these questions, and more.Anna's previous appearance on the show: https://www.buzzsprout.com/1878989/episodes/17860482 . One note: On the podcast we talk about how burdensome the tax imposed by the Romans in situations like this was, in terms of days of labor (a la Tax Foundation's "Tax Freedom Day"). Here is a follow-up note from Anna: "A Roman legionary's salary was about 225 denarii per year, and the poll tax rate in Egypt was 8-40 drachmas per year (depending on location and tax privilege). So, not quite Austrian level taxation, but still quite a considerable sum."A denarii and a drachma are equivalent. So, Tax Freedom Day for Mary and Joseph, based only on the poll tax, may have been sometime in mid-February.

In this episode of Peace Matters, we explore Austria's neutrality—its legal foundations, historical origins, and evolving role in today's geopolitical landscape. What does neutrality entail, and how is it perceived by Austrian society and political elites? We discuss public support for neutrality and examine whether Austria's stance is compatible with its EU membership—not just legally, but politically. As the EU faces challenges to integration and foreign policy unity, we ask whether Austria's neutrality is an asset or an obstacle and how other EU countries view Austria's position.Join us for a thought-provoking discussion on Austria's neutrality and its future in Europe.Guests:Ralph Janik teaches international law at Sigmund Freud Private University Vienna, the University of Vienna, Andrassy University Budapest, and Universität der Bundeswehr München. His research focuses on armed conflicts, human rights, and the interplay of international law and international relations. He studied law and political science at the University of Vienna and the Universidad Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), followed by an LL.M. in European and International Law at the University of Amsterdam.Christoph Schwarz, MSSc., is a Senior Research Fellow at the Austrian Institute for European and Security Policy. His work explores key questions of Austrian and European foreign and security policy, with a particular emphasis on the evolving role of neutrality in the 21st century. His current focus lies in analysing how Austria's neutral status is being affected by European integration and shifting dynamics in international affairs.Moderation:Marylia Hushcha, Researcher and Project Manager at the IIPThe episode was recorded on 17 December 2025 with the support of the Future Fund of the Republic of Austria.

Our featured guest tonight is Austrian pipe maker Chris Ruetz. He is an artisan pipe maker from Tyrol, Austria, who discovered his love for pipes at 16 and later crafted his first one from cherrywood on his living room table, sparking a lifelong dedication to the craft. Since 2021 he has been a full-time maker under the name Ruetz Pipes. His work is known for its organic forms, and creative surface combinations, making each piece a unique smoking experience and artistic expression. At the top of the show we will have an Ask the Tobacco Blender segment with Jeremy Reeves. Jeremy is the Head Blender at Cornell & Diehl, which is one of the most popular boutique pipe tobacco companies in the USA, and one of the only pipe tobacco producers making product in the US.

In April 1796, a 26-year-old Napoleon Bonaparte transformed a demoralized, ragged French army into a lightning-fast strike force that knocked the Kingdom of Sardinia out of the war in just over two weeks. By utilizing the strategy of the central position he successfully split the superior Austrian and Piedmontese forces, defeating them in rapid succession at battles like Montenotte and Mondovi - and proving in the process that a disciplined, mobile army could shatter traditional European alliances and permanently shift the balance of power in Italy.Clemens Bemmann is joined once again by Rick Schneid, our battlefield correspondent, and John Gill and Graeme Callister, our Austrian/Piedmontese and French army experts, for this continuation of our series on the battles of 1796.

Losing your citizenship and being expelled from your home country is a profound humiliation that happened to many German and Austrian citizens in the 1930s. This injustice has now - at least in part - been redressed in Sydney. - Seine Staatsbürgerschaft zu verlieren, von seinem Heimatland ausgestoßen zu werden, ist eine tiefe Demütigung, die in den 30er Jahren vielen deutschen und österreichischen Mitbürgern widerfahren ist. Dieses Unrecht ist in Sydney jetzt - zum Teil wenigstens - wiedergutgemacht worden.

Subscribe to the podcastEvery once in awhile, we wonder what Steve Patterson is up to. We found him on a podcast episode with Bob Murphy where he talked about Bitcoin. Does he have anything new to say?Ep. 464 Parsing Curtis Yarvin's Rendition of Misesian Monetary TheoryLearn about Bitcoin at a trickleBitcoinTrickle.comSponsorLiberty MugsKeep in touch with us everywhere you areJoin our Telegram groupLike us on FacebookFollow us on Twitter: @libertymugs (Rollo), @Slappy_Jones_2Check us out on PatreonLearn everything you need to know about Bitcoin in just 10 hours10HoursofBitcoin.comPodcast version

SBS correspondent Barbara Barkhausen spoke with Judith Millinger, who is affectionately referred to by many as the Austrian gingerbread queen. In conversation, she talks about how the century-old tradition of Austrian honeygingerbread found its way to Australia and why she continues to live here in particular. - SBS-Korrespondentin Barbara Barkhausen hat mit Judith Millinger gesprochen, die von vielen liebevoll als die österreichische Lebkuchenkönigin bezeichnet wird. Im Gespräch erzählt sie, wie die jahrhundertealte Tradition des österreichischen Honiglebkuchens ihren Weg nach Australien gefunden hat und warum sie gerade hier weiterlebt.

Join Sarah McIntosh and Daire Cregg as they catch us up on their stories in the farmers journal this week, before Peter Thomas Keaveney interview Janik Marek, a 22 year-old Austrian native who tells us about his home dairy farm in Austria, his current role on a 1,000 cow herd in Germany and his new job heading up a 600 cow dairy unit in Slovakia, starting next month.Get the Irish Farmers Journal delivered straight to your door every week. Purchase an annual Home Delivery subscription today and get our FREE Farm Bucket full of merchandise and gifts worth €129*. Offer ends soon. Click www.ifj.ie/bucket. *New annual customers only. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Former Red Bull special advisor Helmut Marko goes down swinging.Climb the ladder with me on Patreon: https://patreon.com/lawvsDr Helmut Marko, having won out against Christian Horner for control of Red Bull Racing realised his influence was weaker than he thought...or was never there to begin with. Not one week since his departure from the F1 team, the Austrian rails against the nature of his leaving and produces one last diatribe against it and Christian Horner. One last case to paint the Formula 1 team in a negative light; and that it was not the same as it was back when they launched in 2025. We are going to hear more from this man in 2026...just not with a Red Bull shirt on!#f1 #redbullracing #maxverstappen #formula1 #formulaone #f1news #helmutmarko #f1drama #f1latest #f1updates #f1teams #f1drivers #redbullf1 #redbull #verstappen #yukitsunoda #sergioperez #checoperez #checo #f12026 #laurentmekies Get 15% off at the Castore Official website with my special link: https://glnk.io/ryj2p/lawrence #AdCastoreAffCan't watch the ladder? HEAR it instead as a podcast.RSS: https://feeds.acast.com/public/shows/lawvsSpotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/6hcmgaNHAcU5AHjUITTXS8Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/tt/podcast/lawvs-the-ladder-man/id1720160644Brand new PO BOX now open: LawVS, PO BOX 437, WALLINGTON, SM6 6EZ, UKWear a piece of F1 history on your wrist with Mongrip: https://mongrip.com/?ref=mxyyVz7corTaLG Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In this episode, we find out more about Livigno, the host resort for the freestyle events for the 2026 Winter Olympics, plus we make our recommendations for the best ski gloves and ski socks for this winter.  We also have snow reports from across the Alps plus the early results from our 2025 Listener Survey. Iain was joined in the studio by Betony Garner and Al Morgan.  ---------  Tirol in Austria sponsors The Ski Podcast, which means this winter we're are finding out more about some of the great destinations in Tirol, and how you can connect with the Austrian way of life: ‘Lebensgefühl' – that you'll find there. --------- SHOW NOTES Betony was last on the show in Episode 256 discussing ski touring in Tromso (1:00) Listen to our episodes on the Best Skis, Ski Boots, Helmets and Goggles for this winter (2:00) Dave Burrows from Snowpros Ski School reported from Pila, Italy (5:15) Alex Armand from Tip Top Snow Coaching is in Les 2 Alpes, France (6:20) James and Sinead Hanson from Sauzeonline are in the Via Lattea / Milky Way ski region in Italy (6:50) Complete our 2025 Listener Survey and you could win £400 of prizes (8:00) ‘The Secret Ski Seasonaire' is a good stocking filler for anyone who worked in Chamonix, Tignes or Alpe d'Huez in the 2000s (9:00) Mia Brookes took first place in the Snowboard Big Air in China (9:15) Txema Mazet-Brown was 7th in the men's Snowboard Big Air - a career best (9:30) Betony will be working for Team GB in Livigno during the Winter Olympics (10:15) Find out more about which events are taking place in which resort (11:45) Find out about Livigno (14:00) Aquagrande leisure centre in Livigno (14:45) Team GB best chance of medals (16:15) Listen to Iain's interview with Vicky Gosling (18:00) What to look for when buying ski gloves (19:00) For more technical info, listen to our 2024 episode on gloves (22:15) Glove v. mitten v. lobster claw (22:30) THE BEST SKI GLOVES | WINTER 2026 Kombi Tactical Gore-Tex Leather Glove, £180 (23:45) Level Iris Glove, £110 (26:00) Dare2b Indicator Index Waterproof Gloves (3-Finger), £70 (but currently on sale at £35) (27:30) THE BEST SKI SOCKS | WINTER 2026 Sidas Ski Protect V2, £40 (29:30) Darn Tough Edge Over-the-Calf Midweight, £37 (31:30) Stance Jimmy Chin Ultralight Ski Socks, £27 (33:15) Find out more about heated gloves and socks in last year's ‘Best Ski Socks' episode (35:00) Feedback (36:45) If you've enjoyed this episode – or even if you didn't like it – I would love to know. You can leave a comment on Spotify, Instagram or Facebook – our handle is @theskipodcast – or drop me an email to theskipodcast@gmail.com  You can also follow us on WhatsApp for exclusive material released ahead of the podcast.  Henry Smith: “Thank you for your dedication to bringing us the pod every week, it's much appreciated. As a resident in the Canary Islands, we normally ski in Andorra or the Northern Spanish resorts.” Judy Mathews: “Thank you for this wonderful podcast! Absolutely love it and hope to get to meet you one day on or off the slopes.” Rachel Maffeis: "I loved the interview with Krishan in Episode 266. I enjoyed his approach is to creating ski experiences in Gulmarg, rooted in a sense of place. That mixture of extreme altitude...but not yet hugely developed makes it sound intriguing." Colin Tierney: “I enjoyed Episode 264. It was great to hear Al again.”  There are now 285 episodes of The Ski Podcast to catch up with. If you'd like to get some insight on a particular destination or the latest kit, just go to theskipodcast.com, have a search around the tags and categories and you're bound to find something you'll find interesting to listen to.  If you'd like to help the podcast, there are three things you can do:      -          you can follow us, or subscribe, so you never miss an episode    -          you can give us a review on Apple Podcasts or leave a comment on Spotify    -          And, if you're booking ski hire this winter, don't forget that you can get an additional discount if you use the code ‘SKIPODCAST' when you book at intersportrent.com or simply take this link for your discount to be automatically applied

Gear up for a chaotic episode Geoffs! This week Madison is introducing us to a mummy who was full of it!  Next Spencer is breaking down the wild true story of Joanna Southcott! We've got an obituary for a man with an iconic voice, and a two-for-one! Don't worry, we didn't forget, we've also got some dumb.ass.criminallllllsFollow us on Twitch: https://www.twitch.tv/otwitchuary Watch us on YouTube: Youtube.com/@obitchuarypodcast Buy our book: prh.com/obitchuary Come see us live on tour: obitchuarypodcast.com Join our Patreon: Patreon.com/cultliter Follow along online: @obitchuarypod on Twitter & Instagram @obitchuarypodcast on TikTok Check out Spencer's other podcast Cult Liter wherever you're listening! Write to us: obitpod@gmail.com Sources: https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/arrest-halton-police-mausoleum-theft-9.6981271https://www.legacy.com/obituaries/name/don-lafontaine-obituary?pid=178145149https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/may/02/mummy-mystery-solved-air-dried-priest-was-embalmed-via-rectumhttps://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1560050/fullhttps://www.cnn.com/2025/05/01/science/austria-mummy-mystery-solvedhttps://www.atlasobscura.com/places/luftgselchter-pfarrer-austriahttps://www.livescience.com/archaeology/18th-century-monks-anus-was-stuffed-with-wood-chips-and-fabric-to-mummify-him-researchers-discoverhttps://cen.acs.org/analytical-chemistry/art-&-artifacts/Austrian-mummy-mystery-resolved/103/web/2025/05https://www.newspapers.com/image-view/325664623/https://www.newspapers.com/image-view/325664623/?match=1&terms=weird%20arrest https://catholicherald.co.uk/heretic-of-the-week-joanna-southcott/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joanna_Southcott Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

By 1477 the rules of war that had been enshrined in the laws of chivalry are gone. The contest between the French and the Habsburgs over the inheritance of the Grand Dukes of the West gives us a foretaste of the things to come. This war isn't just fought between the opposing armies lining up for the decisive battle, but include wholesale starving out of the population, funding local uprisings and using propaganda and bribery to incite rebellions on the enemy's homefront. No one in 15th century Northern Europe is better at this new game than the industrious spider, king Louis XI of France. But a plucky 18-year old Austrian duke who had arrived in Ghent with not much more than the clothes on his back, abundant energy and a budding military genius gave him a run for his huge amounts of money, until tragedy struck. Lots of deception, drama and devastation today…. The music for the show is Flute Sonata in E-flat major, H.545 by Carl Phillip Emmanuel Bach (or some claim it as BWV 1031 Johann Sebastian Bach) performed and arranged by Michel Rondeau under Common Creative Licence 3.0.As always:Homepage with maps, photos, transcripts and blog: www.historyofthegermans.comIf you wish to support the show go to: Support • History of the Germans PodcastFacebook: @HOTGPod Threads: @history_of_the_germans_podcastBluesky: @hotgpod.bsky.socialInstagram: history_of_the_germansTwitter: @germanshistoryTo make it easier for you to share the podcast, I have created separate playlists for some of the seasons that are set up as individual podcasts. they have the exact same episodes as in the History of the Germans, but they may be a helpful device for those who want to concentrate on only one season. So far I have:The OttoniansSalian Emperors and Investiture ControversyFredrick Barbarossa and Early HohenstaufenFrederick II Stupor MundiSaxony and Eastward ExpansionThe Hanseatic LeagueThe Teutonic KnightsThe Holy Roman Empire 1250-1356The Reformation before the...

Welcome back! In this episode, our hosts dive deep into Netflix's explosive new docuseries Sean Combs: The Reckoning, executive-produced by Curtis “50 Cent” Jackson and award winning director Alexandria Stapleton. The ladies break down the four-part series, unpack the allegations, explore the fallout, and ask the big question: is this accountability… or a high-budget revenge project? They'll walk you through the doc's most shocking moments, the legal issues, the cultural commentary, and the origin of the beef between Diddy and 50. They also examine how power, celebrity worship, and industry complicity created the perfect storm around Sean Combs, and why this show has everyone talking.*Please be advised this episode is intended for adult audiences and contains adult language and content. We are expressing opinions on the show for entertainment purposes only. Dedication: To our patrons as always!! We love you and thank you!Moni: To my homegirl Dee, owner of 55 Rose Street https://www.55rosestreet.com and to putting pettiness to good use!Kat: To the 3 Austrian nuns, Sister Rita, Burnadette, and Regina. Click the article below to read about their story! https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/3NunsEscapeNursingHomeAbout the creators:Curtis ‘50 Cent' Jackson https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1265067/bio/, and grammy award winning director Alexandria Stapleton (http://www.alexstapleton.com/about-1Info about the series:https://www.netflix.com/tudum/articles/sean-combs-the-reckoning-diddy-documentary-release-date-news**Stranger than Fiction:

By popular demand, we have an in-betweeny episode on the most famous woman in all of French history. How much was she really to blame for the disasters leading up to the Revolution? This episode we go through the main events of Marie Antoinette's life. Next time we will rate her and leave behind the Ancien Regime for good! ⚜️ Music used in this episode: Intro music: ⁠"Dansez" by Fasion⁠. Go check out more of their stuff ⁠here⁠. Music under Maria Theresa's letter: “Don Juan, Wq. 52: III. Andante” performed by English Baroque Soloists, conducted by John Eliot Gardiner, ℗ 1982 Warner Classics International. Composed by Christoph Willibald Gluck, a favourite composer of the Austrian court at the time. Outro music: “Violin Concerto in D Major, Op. posth., No. 2: Adagio” performed by Zhou Qian and the Toronto Chamber Orchestra, conducted by Kevin Mallon, ℗ 2004 Naxos. Composed by Joseph Boulogne, Chevalier de Saint-Georges, a mixed-race composer popular at Marie Antoinette's court. ⚜️ Battle Royale's intro/outro music is ⁠"Dansez" by Fasion⁠. Go check out more of their stuff ⁠here⁠. ⚜️ Visit our website ⁠for episode images, score summaries and more! Contact us by ⁠Email⁠, or follow us on ⁠Instagram⁠, our ⁠Facebook Group⁠ or ⁠BlueSky⁠. Make sure you leave us a review on ⁠Apple Podcasts⁠, ⁠Spotify⁠ or wherever you listen. You can also support the show on ⁠Patreon⁠! Join the official Angry Mob and get access to our bonus content: movie reviews, deep dives, bonus biographies and our exclusive spinoff series rating the Royal Mistresses. ⚜️ Details of our 5 categories used to rate the French Monarchs can be found ⁠on our website⁠. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A temporary Olympic village has been set up about an hour from the village of Cortina in Northern Italy near the Austrian border for the Winter Olympic Games XXV. To more on the relaunched search for missing passenger plane Malaysia Airlines flight MH370. The search and rescue company from Texas, Ocean Infinity, will only be paid $70 million if they locate the missing plane. These days, everybody orders things off Amazon, so how do you keep your purchases a secret from your family during the holidays? Through Amazon Family, which obscures purchasing history to maintain privacy. Also, ICE is now buying your data from big-tech companies. In Burbank, Pokémon cards worth six figures were stolen from a sports memorabilia store. Also, KFI’s own Fork Report host Neil Saavedra is on the phone to talk with Andy about beloved radio host and former KFI food reporter Melinda Lee, who recently died.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Elon Musk recently claimed that artificial intelligence will make money itself obsolete. He needs to read the literature of Austrian economics.Original article: https://mises.org/mises-wire/elon-musk-claims-money-will-become-irrelevant-he-right

In this special mid-week episode of Minor Issues, Mark Thornton joins Julia LaRoche for a wide-angle tour of the macro landscape, and why gold's surge is a market verdict on deficits, rate manipulation, and fiat fatigue. Mark outlines the Austrian business cycle story behind today's “everything bubble,” and explains why a more dovish Fed in 2026 won't cure malinvestment. He also contrasts Bitcoin with commodity money and sketches a practical exit: sound money, hard budget constraints, and decentralization.Check out The Julia LaRoche Show at https://JuliaLaRoche.comBe sure to follow Minor Issues at https://Mises.org/MinorIssues

Elon Musk recently claimed that artificial intelligence will make money itself obsolete. He needs to read the literature of Austrian economics.Original article: https://mises.org/mises-wire/elon-musk-claims-money-will-become-irrelevant-he-right

A false alarm about monkeys in Newark, a study showing the health benefits of casual walking for seniors, the artistic transformation of Austrian power lines, a plastic-eating robotic fish developed by the University of Surrey, and a skateboarding pig named Norbert setting a record.  Unlock an ad-free podcast experience with Caloroga Shark Media! Get all our shows on any player you love, hassle free! For Apple users, hit the banner on your Apple podcasts app. For Spotify or other players, visit caloroga.com/plus. No plug-ins needed!Subscribe now for exclusive shows like 'Palace Intrigue,' and get bonus content from Deep Crown (our exclusive Palace Insider!) Or get 'Daily Comedy News,' and '5 Good News Stories' with no commercials! Plans start at $4.99 per month, or save 20% with a yearly plan at $49.99. Join today and help support the show!We now have Merch!  FREE SHIPPING! Check out all the products like T-shirts, mugs, bags, jackets and more with logos and slogans from your favorite shows! Did we mention there's free shipping? Get 10% off with code NewMerch10 Go to Caloroga.comGet more info from Caloroga Shark Media and if you have any comments, suggestions, or just want to get in touch our email is info@caloroga.com

Did anyone ask you to sign a contract that gives your government permission to pay for immoral things you never supported like stockpiling nuclear weapons?Mark Gober explores the many problems with the numerous abstract social contracts you never agreed to and how open-eyed compassion and discernment can light a path to more informed, people-centric decisions this week on Spirit Gym.Find out more about Mark on his website and on social media via Facebook, Instagram, Twitter/X, LinkedIn, YouTube and Telegram.Timestamps3:13 Before 2020, Mark had less than zero interest in politics.10:23 Liberty and the non-aggression principle.13:41 Authority figures.26:51 A rite of passage at an unconscious level.30:46 “I think you're probably right about this, but my life is good the way it is…”35:18 The connection between liberty and free will.40:29 Applying near-death experiences to the Golden Rule.54:33 Statism.1:07:58 A very different approach to medicine.1:11:23 Are we living in a Leviathan state?1:24:29 A need for compassion and discernment.1:38:02 The Austrian school of economics theory.1:50:35 A metaphysical political philosophy.2:08:33 “I can't control the outcome of the world but what I can control is my own behavior.”2:15:07 The earth is an elementary school for young souls.2:23:19 The Riddler.ResourcesAn End to Upside Down Liberty by Mark GoberPaul's Spirit Gym conversations with Dr. Christiane Northrup and Anne HelferFind more resources for this episode on our website.Music Credit: Meet Your Heroes (444Hz), Composed, mixed, mastered and produced by Michael RB Schwartz of Brave Bear MusicThanks to our awesome sponsors:PaleovalleyBIOptimizers US and BIOptimizers UK PAUL15Organifi CHEK20Wild PasturesKorrect SPIRITGYMPique LifeCHEK Institute We may earn commissions from qualifying purchases using affiliate links.

The Tennant Mission and the Failure of Alliances: Colleague Charles Spicer recounts that in the summer of 1939, Ernest Tennant undertook a final secret mission to Ribbentrop's Austrian castle, confirming that Hitler intended to attack Poland and wage a long war; while London believed this intelligence and pursued a pact with Poland, Chamberlain's deep antipathy toward the Soviets delayed an alliance with Stalin, and Soviet spies leaked these diplomatic moves to Germany, accelerating the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, emphasizing that despite accurate intelligence from the amateur spies, British leadership failed to exploit opportunities. 1938

This week, Bob walks through two related debates: Hoppe's criticism of Argentina's President Milei for not immediately closing Argentina's central bank, and the follow-up exchange between Guido Hülsmann and Philipp Bagus on Mises.org over dollarization and the peso. Along the way, he reviews Mises's distinctions among commodity, credit, and fiat money, the concepts of money substitutes and fiduciary media, and the interesting structure of Argentina's short-term central bank debtGuido Hülsmann and Philipp Bagus' Debate on Mises.org: Mises.org/HAP529aThe Human Action Podcast Episode with Nicolás Cachanosky: Mises.org/HAP529bBob's Study Guide to The Theory of Money and Credit: Mises.org/HAP529cThe Mises Institute is giving away 100,000 copies of Hayek for the 21st Century. Get your free copy at Mises.org/HAPodFree

This week, Bob walks through two related debates: Hoppe's criticism of Argentina's President Milei for not immediately closing Argentina's central bank, and the follow-up exchange between Guido Hülsmann and Philipp Bagus on Mises.org over dollarization and the peso. Along the way, he reviews Mises's distinctions among commodity, credit, and fiat money, the concepts of money substitutes and fiduciary media, and the interesting structure of Argentina's short-term central bank debtGuido Hülsmann and Philipp Bagus' Debate on Mises.org: Mises.org/HAP529aThe Human Action Podcast Episode with Nicolás Cachanosky: Mises.org/HAP529bBob's Study Guide to The Theory of Money and Credit: Mises.org/HAP529cThe Mises Institute is giving away 100,000 copies of Hayek for the 21st Century. Get your free copy at Mises.org/HAPodFree

Subscribe to the podcastLots of people are talking about whether you should steal a penny to save a life.  Everyone has an incorrect answer except for us.Learn about Bitcoin at a trickleBitcoinTrickle.comSponsorLiberty MugsKeep in touch with us everywhere you areJoin our Telegram groupLike us on FacebookFollow us on Twitter: @libertymugs (Rollo), @Slappy_Jones_2Check us out on PatreonLearn everything you need to know about Bitcoin in just 10 hours10HoursofBitcoin.comPodcast version

Natalie Brunell joins the Bitcoin Infinity Show to talk about her new book Bitcoin is for Everyone, blending personal stories from fiat struggles to Bitcoin's empowering hope for skeptics and beginners alike. They explore sound money's role in ending victim mentalities, rebuilding confidence through literacy and Austrian economics insights, and why Bitcoin represents true capitalism and freedom for all. From inflation's hidden toll to Bitcoin 101 fundamentals, this episode unpacks how perfect money rewards value, competition, and long-term thinking in a world of weak fiat illusions. Connect with Natalie: https://x.com/natbrunell Connect with Us: https://www.bitcoininfinityshow.com/ https://bitcoininfinitystore.com https://primal.net/infinity https://primal.net/knut https://primal.net/luke https://twitter.com/BtcInfinityShow https://twitter.com/knutsvanholm https://twitter.com/lukedewolf Join the Bitcoin Infinity Academy at our Geyser page: https://geyser.fund/project/infinity Thanks to our sponsors - check out their websites for info: BitVault: https://bitvault.sv/ - Use Code INFINITY for 10% off! BitBox: https://bitbox.swiss/infinity - Use Code INFINITY for 5% off! Club Orange: https://www.cluborange.org/ Bitcoin Adviser: https://content.thebitcoinadviser.com/freedom ShopInBit: https://shopinbit.com/bitcoininfinity - Use code INFINITY for a €5 discount! The Bitcoin Infinity Show is a Bitcoin podcast hosted by Knut Svanholm and produced by Luke de Wolf.

Where does localism end and insanity begin? Particularly in the Canary Islands, where a crazed, scooter-riding, rock-wielding man just went full Joe Namath on a visiting surfer. Buck and Mikey break this down along with an exclusive Kolohe Andino interview, Nate Florence's Austrian torture chamber, Mikey Feb's broken board theory, the world's best artificial wave and some exciting news from Hawaii.

This week eccentric noise/performance artist Aki Streeter sits down to discuss his many misadventures in the music scene and the history of crass humor in the Austrian rock music.

On the latest episode of Minor Issues, Mark Thornton takes apart the media's “K-shaped economy” cliché. He explains the divergence the Austrian way: Cantillon effects from decades of deficit spending and artificially low rates that lift asset holders and big borrowers, while eroding wages and pricing-out families. Mark shows why the usual fixes like tax tweaks and rate cuts backfire. He also lays out a real cure: deep federal spending cuts, program eliminations, market-set interest rates, and sound money that restores honest price signals for everyone.Be sure to follow Minor Issues at https://Mises.org/MinorIssues

Patrick Hahn is an Austrian-born pianist and one of Europe's most in-demand classical conductors. He's the Music Director of Germany's Wuppertal Symphony Orchestra and Opera, he's the Principal Guest Conductor of the Munich Radio Orchestra, and the Principal Guest Conductor of the Royal Scottish National Orchestra. He also regularly performs with the Munich Philharmonic, London Philharmonic, the Vienna Symphony and the Munich State Opera. All of this and he's only 30 years old!My featured song is “Ma Petite Fleur String Quartet”, my latest single. Spotify link.—-----------------------------------------------------------The Follow Your Dream Podcast:Top 1% of all podcasts with Listeners in 200 countries!Click here for All Episodes Click here for Guest List Click here for Guest Groupings Click here for Guest TestimonialsClick here to Subscribe Click here to receive our Email UpdatesClick here to Rate and Review the podcast—----------------------------------------CONNECT WITH PATRICK:www.patrick-hahn.com—----------------------------------------ROBERT'S LATEST SINGLE:“MA PETITE FLEUR STRING QUARTET” is Robert's latest release. It transforms his jazz ballad into a lush classical string quartet piece. Praised by a host of classical music stars.CLICK HERE FOR YOUTUBE LINKCLICK HERE FOR ALL LINKS—---------------------------------------ROBERT'S RECENT SINGLE“MI CACHIMBER” is Robert's recent single. It's Robert's tribute to his father who played the trumpet and loved Latin music.. Featuring world class guest artists Benny Benack III and Dave Smith on flugelhornCLICK HERE FOR YOUTUBE LINKCLICK HERE FOR ALL LINKS—--------------------------------------ROBERT'S LATEST ALBUM:“WHAT'S UP!” is Robert's latest compilation album. Featuring 10 of his recent singles including all the ones listed below. Instrumentals and vocals. Jazz, Rock, Pop and Fusion. “My best work so far. (Robert)”CLICK HERE FOR THE OFFICIAL VIDEOCLICK HERE FOR ALL LINKS—----------------------------------------Audio production:Jimmy RavenscroftKymera Films Connect with the Follow Your Dream Podcast:Website - www.followyourdreampodcast.comEmail Robert - robert@followyourdreampodcast.com Follow Robert's band, Project Grand Slam, and his music:Website - www.projectgrandslam.comYouTubeSpotify MusicApple MusicEmail - pgs@projectgrandslam.com  

Support us at https://buymeacoffee.com/whiskeytangent Whiskeys (mostly): Zwack's Unicum • Uuahouua Pinot Noir Austrian Single Malt Whisky • Nestville Hit & Run Slovakian Blended Whisky • Carpathian Romanian Wine Cask Collection Single Malt Whisky • The Stranger Polish Rye Whisky Tangents: Brian the Whiskey Explorer joins us once again for some whiskey, some history, and some whiskey history! • Ed regales us with the dual monarchy of Austro-Hungarian Empire • F**k the Astros • Stop trying to make Czechia a thing, Gretchen • Unicum ruined Ed's nose (but might be good in cocktails) • #liquidpotpourri • The Austrian whisky smells like a flower shop (and the color is Heather) • Apparently “Licking the top of a pile of Skittles” is a tasting note now • Brian gives a shout-out to an injured friend • Does anyone live in Europe? • The Slovakian whiskey comes in a baseball bat • Chat, is Ed the serious one? • Scott's meth dealer lives in Delaware • Ed gets trolled by a Transylvanian • Zwack's Hoagie Shack Smack of the Game! • 36 million Polish people are now mad at us • Is the Polish whisky really a Polish whisky? • #phillyjokes • Is Bulleit Rye a Polish-American whisky? • Scott has enough material to put Ed in prison • HR shut off Ed's mic • Scott has a different definition of “The Stanger” • Brian's wife might not let him come back Music Credits: Whiskey on the Mississippi, Tenebrous Brothers Carnival Act Two, and Waltz of Treachery by Kevin MacLeod from https://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/music.html • Eine kleine Nachtmusik by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart at https://commons.wikimedia.org

INTRO (00:24): Kathleen opens the show drinking an ArrowRed Lager from KC Bier Company. She reviews her Thanksgiving weekend, debating DraftKings bets and whether cornbread or white bread stuffing is the best side for a holiday dinner.    TOUR NEWS: See Kathleen live on her “Day Drinking Tour.”   COURT NEWS (20:12): Kathleen shares news announcing that Cher is negotiating her documentary story to Netflix, Martha Stewart is replacing Sydney Sweeney as American Eagle's brand ambassador, and Jelly Roll had Thanksgiving dinner with Nashville inmates.   TASTING MENU (7:25): Kathleen samples Utz Braided Twists, Lesser Evil Crunchy Cheezmos, and Dusseldorf Mustard.    UPDATES (33:20): Kathleen shares updates on the rebel Austrian nuns, the Nashville Boring Company tunnel has crew issues, Starbucks' CEO has been listed amongst the worst in 2025, and the Louvre is raising its admission rates to non-European visitors.   FRONT PAGE PUB NEWS (1:04:12): Kathleen shares articles on the Campbell's Soup executive controversy, Faberge's Winter Egg is headed to auction, Carmel CA has banned pickleball, an AI-generated song is topping the Christian charts, Basquait painting makes $48M at auction, Frida Kahlo's family home opens to the public in Mexico, Australia bans social media for citizens under 16, and a Titanic passenger's pocket watch sells for millions.    HOLY SHIT THEY FOUND IT (55:20): Kathleen reads about the discovery of the remains of a mega-shark on a beach in Australia.    SAINT OF THE WEEK (1:27:14): Kathleen reads about St. Rosalia, patron saint of Palermo.    WHAT ARE WE WATCHING (28:26): Kathleen recommends watching holiday movie “Christmas at the Catnip Café” on the Hallmark Channel.    FEEL GOOD STORY (1:24:28): Kathleen shares a story about the “Cat Bus” of Fannin County.  

Welcome back to Bri Books BriCember, and welcome to Wine Week! I'll be breaking down the age-old question: "What makes wine good?," and sharing my 'four pillars of place' to help you start to build your good wine vocabulary.  0:39: Breaking down 'good wine.' REmember, wine is an agricultural product. Let's set the stage for practical, place-based approach to wine. 1:12: Why 'terroir' matters + the 'pillars of place.'  1:51: Pillar 1: Soil type. Soil determines minerality, texture, and structural feel. 2:31: Pillar 2: Climate. Climate influences fruit ripeness, acidity, and aromatic profile. Cool climate = fresh, high acid; warm climate = ripe, fruity, plush. 3:23: Pillar 3: Elevation and aspect. Elevation affects temperature swings (diurnal shifts). Sunlight, rainfall, and altitude shape ripeness and freshness. 4:33: Pillar 4: Vine health and farming. Farming practices (organic, biodynamic, low-intervention) matter. Yield, canopy management, and vine age influence quality. Winemakers' traditions are the key expression of terroir. 5:25: Deep dive: soil as the "starting palette" for winemaking. 6:10: Deep dive: climate and elevation's impact on wine aciditiy and aromatics.  7:52: Deep dive: farming practices and the importance of winemaking traditions 9:55: Wine as an agricultural product, and my appreciation for farmers 10:56: What's ahead on wine week! Upcoming episodes include how to do an at-home tasting exercise, Austrian wine, Swiss wine, orange wine, Madiera wine, and wine from Burgenland.  You can always find Bri Books on Spotify and Apple Podcasts, and at bribookspod.com.

Stijn Schmitz welcomes Dr. Mark Thornton to the show. Dr. Mark Thornton is Economist and Senior Fellow at the Mises Institute. The discussion centers on the current state of precious metals, monetary policy, and economic systems, with a particular focus on gold and silver’s role in the global financial landscape. Thornton argues that gold is fundamentally money, and governments have only recently forced their way into replacing commodity money with fiat currency. He suggests that the current precious metals market is still in its early stages, with central bank buying and distrust in the US dollar driving significant interest. The gold and silver markets are experiencing growing pains, with increasing investor attention and potential for further price appreciation. The conversation delves into the fundamental differences between Austrian and Keynesian economics. Thornton criticizes Keynesian economics as a state-controlled ideology that promotes government spending and manipulates interest rates, whereas Austrian economics advocates for market-driven monetary systems and private property rights. He highlights how central bank policies create economic bubbles and exacerbate wealth inequality by favoring asset-rich individuals. Thornton sees potential for a significant monetary transformation, potentially triggered by the current precious metals bull market. He believes the collision between Western and Eastern financial markets, coupled with the rise of cryptocurrencies, could lead to a fundamental restructuring of monetary systems. The possibility of a return to a gold standard or a gold-backed settlement currency is discussed as a potential future scenario. The economist also warns about potential economic bubbles in artificial intelligence and private equity, arguing that the Federal Reserve’s monetary policies have created unsustainable conditions across various sectors. He believes that while central banks have been able to temporarily extend economic cycles, their power is not infinite, and a significant market correction is inevitable. Thornton concludes by emphasizing the importance of understanding Austrian economic principles and encourages listeners to explore the works of economists like Friedrich Hayek to gain deeper insights into monetary systems and economic dynamics. Timestamps: 00:00:00 – Introduction 00:01:19 – Gold as Money 00:04:21 – Central Bank Distrust 00:05:52 – Bull Run Early Stages 00:09:35 – Historical Parallels 1980s 00:14:15 – Return to Gold Standard 00:18:16 – Bond Markets Unraveling 00:24:07 – Austrian vs Keynesian Economics 00:31:19 – Flexible Inflation Targeting 00:33:53 – Silver Monetary Role 00:45:46 – AI Private Equity Bubbles 00:51:11 – Future Recession Outlook 00:55:41 – Concluding Thoughts Guest Links: Website: https://mises.org X: https://x.com/DrMarkThornton E-Mail: mailto:mthornton@mises.org YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=mark+thornton+minor+issues Book-Hayek: https://mises.org/library/book/hayek-21st-century-essays-political-economy Dr. Mark Thornton is a Senior Fellow at the Mises Institute and formerly held the Peterson-Luddy Chair in Austrian Economics. He hosts the podcasts Minor Issues and Unanimity and is Book Review Editor of the Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics. His books include The Economics of Prohibition, Tariffs, Blockades, and Inflation, The Bastiat Collection, and The Skyscraper Curse. He has served on multiple editorial boards, taught economics at several universities, and worked as Assistant Superintendent of Banking and adviser to Alabama Governor Fob James. He holds degrees from St. Bonaventure University and Auburn University and has debated the “War on Drugs” at the Oxford Union. Dr. Thornton has been featured in major outlets such as The Economist, Forbes, New York Times, Wall Street Journal, and USA Today, along with numerous international and regional newspapers. His commentary appears regularly on the Mises Institute's platforms and on programs such as Boom-Bust, the Tom Woods Show, and the Scott Horton Show.