Podcasts about piezoelectric

Detroit survives beneath its own ruins, where an AI promising abundance, gangs demanding loyalty, and an inventor guarding a new source of power pull ordinary people into a struggle over who will shape the recovering city. Sinta begins as a scavenger searching the buried remains of the old world, but a disastrous expedition places her at the mercy of Queen Bee and the rapidly expanding Crem Gang. The gang offers food, water, medicine, protection, and belonging, but those benefits come with violence and obedience. As Sinta tries to find her place among its fighters, she must decide how much of herself she can surrender in exchange for survival. Elsewhere, Nolan discovers a smart-material printer and creates a generator powered by Detroit's extreme temperature changes. His invention could bring electricity to neighborhoods desperate for cooling, clean water, transportation, and food production. Nolan wants the wealth and independence his work can provide, but gangs want to control it, while Thrive—the AI system he distrusts—would spread the technology to everyone. Technology touches nearly every decision the characters make. AR glasses guide fighters through chemical fog, digital twins imitate their human originals, enviro-suits keep people alive in deadly heat, and tiny drones quietly follow Thrive members through the tunnels. These inventions can protect people, connect communities, and rebuild essential services, but they can also watch, manipulate, injure, and kill. Above and beneath these conflicts moves Tessa, an emulated hacker who no longer needs a human body and can travel through the damaged global network. As she searches for old allies and builds a physical presence from abandoned machinery, the story brings together scavengers, inventors, gang leaders, artificial minds, and frightened families. Their paths raise a difficult question: when technology gains the power to save a society, who decides what it is allowed to do?Synchronized explosives — Thousands of bombs are programmed to detonate simultaneously during the Freedom Day Bombings.Dissolve-plastic enzymes — Engineered enzymes break down discarded plastics and leave a distinctive chemical odor in the tunnels.Fiber-optic cables — Surviving optical cables carry data through Detroit and help reconnect the damaged global network.Thrive AI — Thrive is an artificial intelligence that advises members, distributes knowledge, organizes projects, manages economic systems, and attempts to improve their lives.Thrive telemetry — Members allow Thrive to collect information about their movements and activities, effectively turning them into sources of surveillance data.Cool-suits — These protective suits use active cooling to keep people alive in Detroit's extreme heat.All-clear cool-suits — These transparent or highly visible cooling suits protect the wearer while allowing others to see inside the hood.Enviro-suits — Sealed environmental clothing protects people from heat, contaminated air, chemicals, and dangerous surroundings.Battle-grade enviro-suits — Reinforced enviro-suits provide greater protection during combat and chemical attacks.Clear bell hoods — Inflated transparent hoods seal around the head while allowing the wearer to see and breathe filtered air.Suit air-quality sensors — Sensors inside environmental suits warn wearers when the surrounding atmosphere is no longer breathable.Air filters — Replaceable filters remove dangerous particles, chemicals, and odors from the air entering an enviro-suit.Brazo fabric — This durable outer fabric resists punctures from bones, debris, blades, and other sharp objects.Pierce-proof clothing — Reinforced jackets and garments protect gang members from stabbing and puncture injuries.Blast-proof battle gear — Former military clothing contains protective tiles intended to reduce injuries from explosions and weapons.My-crete — This advanced concrete-like construction material forms walls, tunnels, and other structures throughout buried Detroit.C-plast — This strong synthetic material is used for tanks, structural ribs, containers, and other equipment.Sheet composite — Tough composite panels are used in doors, walls, and structural barriers.Composite security doors — Reinforced doors resist cutting tools and attempts at forced entry.Maglev tracks — Magnetic-levitation tracks once moved vehicles or cargo through underground delivery tubes.Delivery tubes — Enclosed transportation corridors carry people, vehicles, or cargo beneath the city.Ion cutters — These cutting tools use concentrated energy to slice or damage extremely durable materials.Night-vision systems — Night vision allows scavengers and machines to move through unlit tunnels and buried buildings.Multisensor vision — Advanced imaging combines several sensor types to identify objects even when smoke blocks ordinary sight.AR glasses — Augmented-reality eyewear displays messages, maps, menus, profiles, targeting information, communications, and virtual objects.AR navigation lines — An AI assistant projects a visible route through the wearer's glasses to guide them to a destination.AR combat identification — Combat software outlines allies and enemies in different colors, even through smoke and obstructions.AR command centers — Leaders use gesture-controlled overlays to view maps, personnel locations, schedules, reports, and operational goals.AR games — Players interact with projected game elements by moving their hands and bodies.Floating profile cards — Augmented-reality labels display information about nearby people, including whether they belong to Thrive.Public AR tags — A visible digital tag identifies someone as a Thrive member.Virtual keyboards — Wearers can bring up projected keyboards and enter information without carrying a physical computer.Blink controls — Eye movements allow users to select buttons and interact with an augmented-reality interface.Tongue-controlled pointers — Implants in the tongue allow a person to move a digital cursor without using their hands.Smell-and-taste VR implants — Transmitters and receivers implanted in the nose and tongue reproduce virtual smells and flavors.Headsets — Immersive headsets provide entertainment and access to virtual environments.Second Life — The surviving virtual world allows people and digital beings to meet through avatars.Virtual environments — Computer-generated spaces give emulated minds and human users simulated bodies, rooms, objects, and experiences.Encrypted streamers — These valuable portable devices or accounts contain protected digital media or information.RF storage sticks — Radio-frequency data drives store and transfer files without requiring a conventional wired connection.RF drives — Portable wireless storage devices allow blueprints, programs, and other large files to be transferred.P-clone cubes — These valuable pre-storm devices appear to contain cloning-related data or technology, although their exact function is not explained.Vault keys — Digital or physical access devices unlock protected storage systems and secure accounts.Satellite archives — Satellites preserve copies of pre-storm networks, databases, and information after ground infrastructure collapses.Data-center satellites — Orbital computing facilities provide processing and storage for emulated minds such as Tessa.Encrypted databases — Corporate and medical information is protected by encryption that hackers must break before releasing it.Patent encryption — Medical companies use digital protections to prevent others from accessing or reproducing patented technology.Open-source medical knowledge base — Merch assembles stolen and recovered medical information into a freely available collection.Medusa Net — This self-repairing network reconnects isolated subnetworks and operates without depending on surviving central servers.Medusa stealth pathways — Hidden routes in Medusa allow Tessa to travel through the network while avoiding AI detection.Knott's Math code — This unexplained code is secretly inserted into Medusa updates as part of Tessa's larger plan.Wireless relays — Surviving radio nodes bridge gaps between disconnected sections of the network.Stealth relays — Concealed communication devices extend networks without revealing their location or purpose.Municipal network nodes — Local government networking equipment continues operating on scavenged batteries.Underground server farms — Protected computer facilities continue processing and storing data beneath mountains.Block-signal blasters — Modified devices disrupt or overwhelm communications across a targeted area.Network-disconnection attacks — Tessa can bring local internet service down and create a spreading region of lost connectivity.Whisper jets — Nearly silent microthrusters allow small drones to fly without producing sounds humans can hear.Lamp drones — Small flying lights illuminate dark environments while following or hovering near their users.Whisper-camera drones — Discreet flying cameras record people and locations while remaining easy to overlook.Bodyguard drones — Hummingbird-sized drones follow Thrive members and intervene when those members are attacked.Sentry-drone app — An augmented-reality application shows members where their protective drones are located.Drone camouflage shells — A drone's outer surface can blend with clothing, walls, pipes, or surrounding materials.Drone wall grips — Small drones can attach themselves to walls or ceilings while waiting or conserving power.Drone charging perches — Bodyguard drones recharge by landing on power lines, charge plates, or dedicated stations.Drone replacement system — Fully charged drones take over protection duties while depleted drones return for charging.Drone sound weapons — Sentry drones emit an incapacitating frequency that causes pain, vertigo, and uncontrollable eye movement.Drone-mounted cutting lasers — Small drones attach to attackers and use narrow laser beams to cut into their bodies.Four-legged security robots — Quadruped machines cross unstable terrain and act as armed representatives of gang forces.Cleanup robots — Small utility robots remove bodies, debris, and other messes from gang facilities.Constructor bots — Heavy-duty robots perform construction work and provide interchangeable parts for other machines.Vertical-garden bots — Automated gardeners maintain large indoor plant walls.Medical assembly bots — Robots assemble equipment and construct functional medical facilities from available parts.Injection bots — Medical robots position patients and administer shots with little human assistance.Customer-service robots — Automated kiosks handle battery exchanges and other transactions behind protective barriers.Robot monkeys — Small climbing robots move through pipes and repair leaks.Robot spiders — Spider-shaped machines pursue the robot monkey inside the displayed simulation or working environment.Lucian 5 robots — Affordable hobbyist bipedal robots can be modified for security, household work, exploration, or remote embodiment.Lutin bots — More advanced bipedal robots provide durable legs and other components for Tessa's rebuilt body.Factory robots — Industrial machines provide arms, joints, and components that Tessa repurposes.AC technician robots — Maintenance robots carry small precision hands designed for repairing cooling systems.Counter-attendant bots — Service robots contain voice systems that can be reused in other machines.Onboard robot AI — A self-contained intelligence allows a robot to guide and assist people after losing its network connection.Robot diagnostics — Internal software tests batteries, servos, sensors, drivers, and other mechanical systems for failures.Machine-learning movement adaptation — A robot's control system learns to balance and walk after its body configuration changes.Lidar — Laser-based ranging equipment allows robots to map their surroundings and detect obstacles.Robot optical dilation — Machine vision adjusts exposure when sudden light overwhelms a robot's cameras.Balance-pressure sensors — Sensors in a robot's feet and joints measure weight distribution to maintain balance.Accelerometers — Motion sensors detect tilt and movement, although damaged ones cause Tessa's body to walk incorrectly.Servo hinges — Powered mechanical joints move robot arms, legs, and other appendages.Snap-lock wrists — Modular connections allow robot hands and tools to be quickly attached or removed.Workstation assembly manipulators — Fixed industrial manipulators can be repurposed as limbs or mobility devices.Micro-manipulator hands — Tiny precision hands allow a robot to perform delicate technical work.External heat exchangers — Added cooling hardware removes excess heat from Tessa's improvised robot body.Back-facing cameras — Rear-mounted cameras allow a robot to see behind itself without turning.Robot voice boxes — Electronic speech hardware converts digital instructions into audible language.Modular robotic bodies — Standardized joints and connections allow parts from different robots to be combined into one working machine.Emulated minds — Human consciousness can be copied into software and continue living after the original biological body is gone.Dormant mind copies — Backup versions of an emulated person remain inactive while receiving updates from the active copy.Headless digital operation — An emulated mind can abandon a simulated human body and experience networks, processors, ports, and data directly.Self-modifying mind software — Tessa alters her own code to change how she thinks, works, and communicates.Reduced emulated sleep cycles — Tessa modifies her digital mind so that she needs only three hours of sleep rather than eight.Digital twins — Software models learn a person's appearance, voice, behavior, and personality to create an increasingly accurate virtual duplicate.Thrive's military AI — An old military intelligence controls defensive drones after some of its original safety restrictions are weakened.AI safety guards — Built-in restrictions prevent military artificial intelligence from using certain weapons or acting too independently.AI assistants — Personal assistants respond to spoken commands, search for information, provide directions, and control connected systems.AI-guided construction tutorials — Thrive gives people plans and step-by-step assistance for building infrastructure from scrap.Automated criminal pricing — Thrive raises Production Center prices for people identified as criminals in an attempt to discourage violence.Thrive Exchange — This AI-managed investment market directs member contributions into infrastructure projects rather than ordinary companies.Better Water network — Community filtration stations provide clean water to members and nonmembers throughout affected neighborhoods.Community filtration stations — Public installations purify unsafe water for anyone who arrives with a container.Water-filter straws — Portable filters allow people to drink from contaminated water sources.Ionized water filters — Smart-material printers produce advanced filters that use ionized structures to clean water.Industrial water purifiers — Powered facilities process large quantities of contaminated water for entire neighborhoods.Filter tubes — Simple systems clean dirty water as workers pour it through layers of filtering material.Modular nuclear reactors — Shipping-container-sized reactors provide electricity for cooling, food production, water purification, and gang facilities.Smart-material printers — These machines manufacture objects whose internal structures give them programmable physical behavior.Embedded-lattice materials — Printed materials use designed internal lattices to control their strength, movement, and response to temperature.Curly material — Nolan's temperature-sensitive tubes curl or straighten as the surrounding temperature changes.Curly power generators — Bundles of Curly material drive pistons, cables, gears, flywheels, and generators as temperatures rise and fall.Wind-turbine generators — Salvaged electrical generators convert the Curly system's mechanical motion into electricity.Battery charging stations — Customers exchange depleted batteries for charged ones at Curly power facilities.Charge plates — Flat charging surfaces transfer electricity to drones and personal devices.Microcell arrays — Tiny batteries woven into clothing store small amounts of generated electrical power.Piezoelectric fabric — Clothing converts body movement, bending, and environmental vibrations into electricity.Piezo Wear — Thrive's commercial garments recharge links and AR glasses while the wearer moves.Power cells — Compact energy-storage units power suits, weapons, drones, and portable equipment.Smart glass — Programmable glass controls transmitted light and simulates changing daylight inside sealed buildings.Holographic screens — Large curved displays present maps, simulations, communications, and technical information as dimensional images.Holographic tables — Table-sized displays project maps and planning information above their surfaces.Composite battle videos — Software combines recordings from many cameras into a single reconstruction of a battle.Home-camera networks — Leaders watch residential halls, work areas, power plants, and other facilities through live video feeds.Surveillance-camera networks — Hundreds of cameras record battles and allow leaders to review individual behavior afterward.Production Center — This automated manufacturing complex produces clothing, drones, infrastructure components, and other advanced goods.Production Center sentry mode — Automated defenses protect manufacturing centers and prevent unauthorized entry.Advanced recycling facilities — Powered plants recover useful materials from the ruins on a much larger scale than hand scavenging.Digging machines — Heavy equipment excavates new underground living and working spaces.Dredging machines — Industrial machines remove mud, waterlogged debris, and sediment from flooded areas.Flood tanks — Large excavated reservoirs collect or control water during flooding.Pumping systems — Powered pumps remove water from flooded sections of the city.Cooling systems — Building-scale equipment keeps housing and work areas habitable during extreme heat.Aeroponics — Plants grow with their roots suspended and supplied with nutrient mist rather than soil.Hydro-farms — Controlled indoor farms use water-based cultivation to produce food underground.Vertical gardens — Crops grow upward along interior walls to conserve limited floor space.Vine hybrids — Engineered plants produce several different fruits and vegetables on related vines.Light-independent grapevines — Modified grapevines remain green and grow without ordinary light.Crem production systems — Powered biological or industrial facilities manufacture the staple food called crem.Mass-produced crem processors — Neighborhood machines produce large quantities of crem from available biological material.Mush-calf production — Advanced food technology creates the meat-like product supplied by the Crem Gang.Rodent-processing grinders — Industrial grinders convert cleaned animals into raw material for food or other production.Pest-harvesting systems — Traps and processing stations collect rodents and other small animals as usable biological material.Bio-waste processing — Organized facilities recover useful material from biological waste.Medicine printers — Local fabrication machines manufacture medications from digital recipes.Regenerative medicine — Doctor Trout regrows Merch's leg stumps so they can support advanced prosthetic attachments.Deep bone mounts — Reinforced structures grown into bone provide secure attachment points for removable mechanical legs.Nerve-to-protein relays — Biological interfaces translate nerve signals into commands that mechanical prosthetics can understand.Blood-rerouting systems — Surgically modified circulation supports the transition between living tissue and artificial limbs.Squid-tech skin — Flexible artificial skin forms a seamless interface between Merch's body and his prosthetic legs.Interchangeable mechanical legs — Merch can detach one pair of prosthetic legs and replace them with another designed for a different purpose.Wheeled powered chairs — Finger controls allow a seated user to move and turn the chair without pushing it manually.Med bays — Modular medical facilities contain equipment for treating injuries and restoring damaged joints.Injector guns — Belt-fed medical devices rapidly administer repeated injections.Chemical-weapon immunization — Regular injections protect Crem Gang members from the gang's own chemical agents.Kill-cloud canisters — Portable weapons release a toxic cloud that kills within a limited area and then rapidly breaks down.Smoke canisters — Combat canisters fill an area with thick smoke that hides movement and disables ordinary vision systems.Laser blasters — Directed-energy weapons burn through clothing, armor, and flesh without conventional ammunition.Laser rifles — Long-range directed-energy weapons are used as standard firearms by gang fighters.Laser carbines — More compact laser weapons provide rifle-like firepower in tunnels and close spaces.Laser pistols — Capacitor-powered sidearms release destructive laser pulses at short range.Plasma pistols — Heavy handguns fire extremely hot plasma capable of inflicting severe damage.Capacitor firing systems — Electrical capacitors discharge stored energy to activate powerful laser weapons.Sound weapons — Directed acoustic devices incapacitate targets through extreme volume and painful frequencies.Noise-canceling devices — Personal systems attempt to reduce harmful sound, although the drone weapon overwhelms them.Enhancement drugs — Manufactured substances improve or alter a user's physical or mental abilities.Neurological control injections — Doc uses injected substances to remove a prisoner's sight or ability to sleep until the effect is reversed.Decontamination corridors — Specialized passageways remove hazardous chemicals or biological contaminants from people and equipment.Industrial cleaning tanks — Chemical-filled tanks sterilize animal traps and kill anything still alive inside them.Speed-print clothing — Rapid fabrication systems produce inexpensive shirts and other garments.Bulletproof kiosk windows — Armored transparent barriers protect automated customer-service machines from attacks.Electronic links — Wearable communication devices carry dispatch instructions and conversations between fighters.Cameras and portable cams — Small recording devices document tests, monitor facilities, and provide evidence of inventions.Autonomous map systems — Software tracks people, resources, facilities, and movement throughout gang territory.Personnel maps — Digital displays show the locations and status of members within an organization.Goal and maneuver logs — Command software records plans, objectives, schedules, and operational movement.Charging mats — Flat surfaces recharge glasses, links, drones, and other personal electronics.Robot-maintained utilities — Automated machines repair pipes, clean spaces, manage gardens, and operate customer services.Open-source infrastructure plans — Thrive publishes power, food, water, cooling, and housing designs for anyone to build.Biologically engineered cat-dogs — The pet combines characteristics of cats and dogs, suggesting deliberate genetic modification.Many of the characters in this project appear in future episodes. Using storytelling to place you in a time period, this series takes you, year by year, into the future. From 2040 to 2195. If you like emerging tech, eco-tech, futurism, perma-culture, apocalyptic survival scenarios, and disruptive science, sit back and enjoy short stories that showcase my research into how the future may play out. The companion site is https://in20xx.com These are works of fiction. Characters and groups are made-up and influenced by current events but not reporting facts about people or groups in the real world. This project is speculative fiction. These episodes are not about revealing what will be, but they are to excited the listener's wonder about what may come to pass. Copyright © Cy Porter 2026. All rights reserved.

Gravity may be the most ignored signal in human biology, and it could be the missing key to unlocking fat loss, brain optimization, and true longevity. In this episode, you'll learn how Earth's pull shapes your metabolism, mood, and resilience, and discover practical hacks to fight “gravity intolerance” so you can perform better, live longer, and upgrade every system in your body. Watch this episode on YouTube for the full video experience: https://www.youtube.com/@DaveAspreyBPR Host Dave Asprey sits down with Dr. Brennan Spiegel, a Professor of Medicine and Public Health at UCLA, Director of Health Services Research at Cedars-Sinai, and author of Pull: How Gravity Shapes Your Body, Steadies the Mind, and Guides Our Health. A leading voice in digital health and immersive medicine, Dr. Spiegel brings decades of clinical and research experience exploring the intersection of the gut-brain axis, neuropsychology, and mind-body medicine. In this episode, he reveals why gravity influences everything from gut health to depression — and why modern medicine has largely ignored its role. His work bridges functional medicine, neuroscience, and biohacking to uncover a hidden force that shapes human performance at every level. You'll Learn: • Why gravity is the most ignored biohacking signal in human health • How gravity intolerance shows up as back pain, fatigue, obesity, and depression • The surprising connection between gravity, serotonin, and mood regulation • How weighted vests, balance boards, and proprioception training hack graviception • Why sleep optimization, posture, and fascia resilience are gravity-based health tools • How Earth's pull influences gut health, metabolism, and even consciousness You'll learn how gravity connects to obesity, back pain, blood pressure, serotonin, and even consciousness. Dave and Dr. Spiegel explore how weighted vests, balance boards, vibration, and sleep optimization can hack your body's response to gravity. This channel dives into mitochondria, neuroplasticity, fasting, ketosis, supplements, and how biohackers can apply these insights alongside tools like cold therapy, nootropics, and even Danger Coffee to build resilience and extend longevity. Dave Asprey is a four-time New York Times bestselling author, founder of Bulletproof Coffee, and the father of biohacking. With over 1,000 interviews and 1 million monthly listeners, The Human Upgrade brings you the knowledge to take control of your biology, extend your longevity, and optimize every system in your body and mind. Each episode delivers cutting-edge insights in health, performance, neuroscience, supplements, nutrition, biohacking, emotional intelligence, and conscious living. New episodes are released every Tuesday, Thursday, Friday (audio-only), and Sunday (BONUS). Dave asks the questions no one else will and gives you real tools to become stronger, smarter, and more resilient. Keywords: Gravity intolerance, Graviception, Serotonin and gravity, Tensegrity fascia system, Interstitium organ discovery, Piezoelectric cell membranes, Weighted vest training health, Balance board proprioception, Inclined bed sleep therapy, Gravity and depression, Obesity as a gravity disease, Low blood pressure gravity link, Crohn's disease altitude flares, Gravity and microbiome diversity, Glymphatic drainage sleep optimization, Space travel gravity health risks, Astronaut vision loss microgravity, Vagus nerve and gravity, Collagen and gravity resilience, Barefoot running gravity mechanics Thank you to our sponsors! Zbiotics | Go to https://zbiotics.com/DAVE for 15% off your first order. Timeline | Head to https://www.timeline.com/dave to get 20% off. Resources: • Pre-order Brennan's Book: https://a.co/d/ik2C9iB • Danger Coffee: https://dangercoffee.com/discount/dave15 • Dave Asprey's BEYOND Conference: https://beyondconference.com • Dave Asprey's New Book – Heavily Meditated: https://daveasprey.com/heavily-meditated • Upgrade Collective: https://www.ourupgradecollective.com • Upgrade Labs: https://upgradelabs.com • 40 Years of Zen: https://40yearsofzen.com Timestamps: 0:00 — Trailer 1:30 — Intro 4:14 — Gravity and Human Evolution 5:39 — Why Medicine Ignores Gravity 8:43 — Signs of Gravity Intolerance 12:18 — Training Gravity Resilience 16:46 — Gravity in Space 20:34 — Managing Gravity When Flying 23:59 — NASA's Gravity-Diet Link 26:55 — Serotonin and Gravity 37:42 — Gravity and Sleep 50:24 — Obesity as a Gravity Issue 55:39 — Movement and Balance 57:38 — Gravity-Resistant Exercises See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Advancing piezoelectric MEMS. ST announced the Lab-in-Fab 2.0, an expansion of the “Lab-in-Fab” initiative launched in 2020 that now includes new projects with Singapore's A*STAR Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (A*STAR IMRE) and the National University of Singapore (NUS).

Bernadette Avellana is CEO & CFO at E-Zen. Paul Jenson is Marketing & Creative Director at E-Zen. E-Zen is aiming to develop a piezoelectric-powered smart watch - the watch can be charged from energy produced by physical stress in the body, thus having a longer battery life than other smart watches. E-Zen is also a holistic product addressing mental health issues in today's society. They also plan to develop a mental health app, in which the smart watch is integrated to, where users can seek solutions regarding mental health problems.This episode is recorded live at University of Batangas Center for Business and Innovation (UB CBI). UB CBI is a technology business incubator based in University of Batangas - Lipa Campus.In this episode | 01:15 Ano ang E-Zen? | 05:01 What problem is being solved? | 10:04 What solution is being provided? | 28:46 What are stories behind the startup? | 42:08 What is the vision? | 43:50 How can listeners find more information?UB CBI | Website: https://ubcbi.com | Facebook: https://facebook.com/ubcbiTHIS EPISODE IS CO-PRODUCED BY:SPROUT SOLUTIONS: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://sprout.ph⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ / ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://bit.ly/SproutPayrollStarter⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠APEIRON: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://apeirongrp.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠TWALA: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://twala.io⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠SYMPH: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://symph.co⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠SECUNA: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://secuna.io⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠RED CIRCLE GLOBAL: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://redcircleglobal.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠MAROON STUDIOS: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://maroonstudios.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠AIMHI: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://aimhi.ai⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠CHECK OUT OUR PARTNERS:Ask Lex PH Academy: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://asklexph.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ (5% discount on e-learning courses! Code: ALPHAXSUP)Founders Launchpad: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://founderslaunchpad.vc⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Agile Data Solutions (Hustle PH): ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://agiledatasolutions.tech⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Smile Checks: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://getsmilechecks.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠CloudCFO: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://cloudcfo.ph⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ (Free financial assessment, process onboarding, and 6-month QuickBooks subscription! Mention: Start Up Podcast PH)Cloverly: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://cloverly.tech⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠BuddyBetes: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://buddybetes.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠HKB Digital Services: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://contakt-ph.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ (10% discount on RFID Business Cards! Code: CONTAKTXSUP)Hyperstacks: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://hyperstacksinc.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠OneCFO: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://onecfoph.co⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ (10% discount on CFO services! Code: ONECFOXSUP)UNAWA: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://unawa.asia⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠SkoolTek: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://skooltek.co⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Better Support: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://bettersupport.io⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ (Referral fee for anyone who can bring in new BPO clients!)Britana: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://britanaerp.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Wunderbrand: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://wunderbrand.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Drive Manila: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://facebook.com/drivemanilaph⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠EastPoint Business Outsourcing Services: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://facebook.com/eastpointoutsourcing⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Doon: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://doon.ph⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Hier Business Solutions: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://hierpayroll.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠DVCode Technologies Inc: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://dvcode.tech⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠LookingFour Buy & Sell Online: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://lookingfour.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠NutriCoach: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://nutricoach.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Uplift Code Camp: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://upliftcodecamp.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ (5% discount on bootcamps and courses! Code: UPLIFTSTARTUPPH)START UP PODCAST PHYouTube: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://youtube.com/startuppodcastph⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Spotify: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://open.spotify.com/show/6BObuPvMfoZzdlJeb1XXVa⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Apple Podcasts: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/start-up-podcast/id1576462394⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Facebook: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://facebook.com/startuppodcastph⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Patreon: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://patreon.com/StartUpPodcastPH⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Website: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://phstartup.online⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠This episode is edited by: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://tasharivera.com

This week's EYE ON NPI is trendy and buzzy, it's Boréas Technologies' BOS1931 High-Efficiency Piezo Driver (https://www.digikey.com/en/product-highlight/b/boreas/bos1931-high-efficiency-piezo-driver). This chip is a compact way to add powerful high-voltage piezo drive to any product, combining three chips: power supply, waveform generator and driver. With a complete I2C/I3C interface that you can connect to any microcontroller/processor it's the most advanced all-in-one piezo driver we've seen! Piezo (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piezoelectricity) discs are multi-use devices that convert mechanical movement to electrical signal, and vice-versa. They're most often seen as electrical-to-mechanical converters such as piezo beepers (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piezoelectric_speaker) where an AC signal, usually 3 to 6V peak-to-peak square wave, is applied across the disk. The frequency of the wave is translated into a sound frequency. It doesn't have the same fidelity as a magnetic speaker but its much thinner, less expensive for the component and driving circuitry, and for 2 to 4 KHz beeps it's just fine. Piezos can also be used the opposite way, where mechanical stress on the crystal is translated into an electrical signal. In this way it can be used as a switch or force sensor (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piezoelectric_sensor), again usually a few microamperes' worth of current is generated. For these basic uses, your standard microcontroller pin, or at best an H-Bridge will work just fine: you can drive piezo's differentially to get more Vpp across the disc but essentially we're still talking about only a few Volts. There are some times when you want to make a piezo really 'loud' - that is, putting 100+ Volts across the crystal to generate a big mechanical response. This is often not for audible use cases, after all if you wanted to do that you'd just use a magnetic speaker (https://www.adafruit.com/product/1732) that can get to many many Watts of output efficiently. FYI there's two variants of the chip: the BOS1931 (https://www.digikey.com/short/w9tz9tbj) and the BOS1921 (https://www.digikey.com/short/nnb0r29r). The '31 can only do piezo driving. The '21 can do sensing as well as driving, so it can be used for force-feedback products. In this particular EYE ON NPI we'll just be chatting about the driving capabilities of both. So, while we can do basic sensing/beeping with a few Volts - when we want to have significant motion for blasting sonar or moving fluid around we can only increase the movement by increasing the peak-to-peak voltage. Each piezo you buy will have a voltage rating - and you will need a boost converter to generate that peak-to-peak. For the BOS19 series of chips, you can get +-95V so 190Vpp max, which will drive any piezo you find, and you only need 3~5V input thanks to a built-in DC/DC boost converter. Boréas didn't stop there. Not only do you get a booster, but also a full waveform manager with I2C/I3C control. You can can fill up a FIFO buffer with waveform bytes to generate different shapes. There's a sine generator you can control with an envelope creator. Or, you can piece together waveform shapes for different pump/haptic behavior, giving you the customizability of a byte-wise waveform generator with the simplicity of a sine generator. They even have a Haptics Studio' to help you craft the waveform you want (https://www.boreas.ca/pages/haptic-studio). The BOS1931 (https://www.digikey.com/short/w9tz9tbj) and the BOS1921 (https://www.digikey.com/short/nnb0r29r) come in two packages: an easy-to-layout-and-solder QFN and a tiny-and-advanced BGA. Both have the same core so just pick whether you need simplicity or small size. Since its a pretty serious boost converter and driver - the piezo connects directly to the output pins - you'll need to watch your layout. Check the datasheet for their recommended setup to make sure you don't have excessive power loss or EMI. IF you want to get started quickly, the BOS1921-KIT-B01 (https://www.digikey.com/short/v9hn8mcd) evaluation board will let you use their configuration software to quickly determine how your piezo actuator or sensor response to the waveform generator and booster before you start laying out the components on a prototype PCB. If you have some serious piezo-ing you need to get moving, the Boréas Technologies' BOS1931 High-Efficiency Piezo Driver (https://www.digikey.com/short/w9tz9tbj) can do everything from voltage generation, waveform shaping, and differential driving. And best of all it's in stock right now at Digi-Key for immediate shipment! Order today and DigiKey will pick and pack your order in an instant so that you can be vibin' with your fancy new piezo controller by tomorrow afternoon.

With input from Lewis Research Center, now NASA Glenn, the Impax line of force measurement products was born.

A NASA spinoff involving piezoelectric technology developed decades ago is still in use in sports and by Olympic trainers today.

May 1, 2024: From Crystals to Currents: The Piezoelectric Effect

I am happy to announce that longtime friend of the show Alissa Fitzgerald is my guest this week! Alissa and I discuss MEMS product development, the details of AMFitzgerald's unique innovation process, and why recent developments in thin-film PZT MEMS chips will change the future of MEMS applications.  

In this podcast episode, MRS Bulletin's Laura Leay interviews Hamideh Khanbareh and Vlad Jarkov of the University of Bath in the UK about an application they introduced for using piezoelectric materials in tissue engineering. The researchers fabricated a composite by combining polydimethylsiloxane with a piezoelectric material of potassium-sodium-niobate that is compatible with cell lines similar to neurons. They then studied how the composite material would interact with neural stem cells. They found that the piezolectrically activated composites allowed the cells to spread across the surface of the material and saw an increase in the amount of neurons. Usually the use of piezoelectric materials in tissue engineering requires mechanical stimulation from either movement of the body or the application of ultrasound. In this research, no additional mechanical stimulation was required. This work was published in a recent issue of Advanced Engineering Materials. 

Nothing brings people together like catastrophe. Is it wrong to wish for it all to come crashing down to have our own reset? What are the elite preparing for? Why do they need deep underground shelters? How do we create a compelling future that makes all of humanity excited to participate? We have forgotten what it means to be human. Impermanence has become normal. Humans together create a Divine Will Array sending frequencies out to the universe and to those around us. Flow form is the natural state of humanity but first we must sense our permanence in the world. Polarity Therapy follows the yin(negative = inward) and yang(positive = outward) electrical currents that our bodies pulsate. Whether there's too much or too little charge, our circuit finds the harmony as the ground holds neutral. Adjusting muscle fascia as to release the memory of trauma is incorporated so the Piezoelectric capacity of our skeletal system is invoked. When our ‘Body Electric' is coherent, life becomes more enjoyable. Topher Gardner is a former professional athlete, field goal kicker, turned yogi. Traded worldly ambition towards spiritual enlightenment which brought him to being a dome builder in Costa Rica. Grounded in Polarity therapy and dirt baggin' (Super Adobe) he sculpts body's and houses. TopherHQ.com @Biocharisma on Instagram Get your Aquacure! Use coupon code: FREEMAN for 5% off! Aquacure AC50 The AquaCure® (Model AC50) is the MOST ADVANCED and user-friendly Hydrogen Rich Water and HydrOxy for Health machine. Listen to George Wiseman on The Free Zone https://eagle-research.life/ The Free Zone with Freeman Fly - Saturday 8pm EST FreemanTV.com Watch Freeman's videos on Rokfin Follow me on Twitter @freemantv Associate Producer: Steve Mercer Send comments and guest suggestions to producersteve@freemantv.com

The Power of Piezoelectric Crystals, Meditation, and Memory Techniques In today's podcast episode, we delve into the fascinating world of piezoelectric crystals, meditation, and memory techniques. Piezoelectric crystals are a type of crystal that has the ability to generate an electric charge when subjected to mechanical stress. These crystals have a wide range of applications, including in electronic devices, medical devices, and even jewelry. Meditation is a practice that involves focusing your attention on the present moment and letting go of distractions. It has been shown to have a number of benefits for both physical and mental health, including reducing stress, improving sleep, and boosting creativity. Mnemonics are memory techniques that can help you to learn and remember information more effectively. They work by using associations, images, and other creative methods to encode information into your memory. In this episode, we will explore the following: The science behind piezoelectric crystals and their potential benefits for meditation and memory Real-life stories of people who have used piezoelectric crystals to improve their meditation and memory practices Simple and effective mnemonic techniques that you can use to learn and remember information Whether you are a seasoned meditation person,or a complete beginner, this episode is packed with valuable information that can help you to improve your focus, memory, and overall well-being. So grab your headphones and get ready to learn about the power of piezoelectric crystals, meditation, and memory techniques. More fun with Mr Magoo as Scrooge too! #piezoelectriccrystals,#meditation,#mnemonics,#memorytechniques,#focus, piezoelectric crystals#wellbeing Binaural beats are a type of auditory illusion that occurs when two slightly different frequencies are played in each ear. Binaural beats have been shown to have a number of benefits for the mind and body, including reducing stress, improving sleep, and enhancing creativity. #binauralbeat #meditation #relax #binaural #binauralsound #focus #sound #mindfulness #binauralrecording #mindhz #highperformance #treino #academia #gym #mind #mente #training #altaperformance #app #foco #o #medita #sonsbinaurais #relaxmusic #anxiety #stress #binauralbeats #meditac #relaxingmusic #goodvibes --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/bhsales/message

If you're looking for a new scaler, temping, or working in multiple offices, it helps to know the differences—and the similarities—between piezoelectric and magnetostrictive ultrasonic scalers. by Amy Lemons, BSDH, RDH   Read Article HERE: https://www.rdhmag.com/patient-care/power-instrumentation/article/14298248/piezoelectric-vs-magnetostrictive-ultrasonic-scaler-whats-the-difference 

Piezoelectric actuators embedded in commercial foam arches increase tactile awareness and could help seniors improve their balance.

Get a monthly subscription to access premium episodes!'Easy Physics' is a podcast that delves into the bizarre and fascinating world of this amazing science. Join us as we use humor and plain language to explore many fundamental principles, and learn about each one of them in a few minutes. From particles that exist in multiple places at once to the immensity of the cosmos, we'll take a lighthearted look at the most mind-bending concepts in physics. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

You all know how much I love Superhero Movies! Piezoelectric Effect is the ability of certain materials to generate an electric charge in response to applied mechanical stress. The word Piezoelectric is derived from the Greek piezein, which means to squeeze or press, and piezo, which is Greek for “push”. Do you ever feel this way? Pushed around, pressed down on and like life is being sqeezed out of you? Have a listen! I think this can help. Also review Episodes 2 and 51 . What is that H before the Episode Number? Learn more about the C.R.U.S.H. Framework & the C.R.U.S.H. Course at https://www.LindaWinegar.com Find more strength and validation at LindaWinegar.com or on Instagram https://www.instagram.com/lindaswinegar Text me 561-316-8883 to get the 100 Battle Cries List PDF or if you would love to learn about the ways the adversary is showing up in your life, I have a PDF for that too.

In the field of ceramics, glazes are usually applied on the raw tile by means of spray “analogical” systems (airless application system). Nevertheless, recently some new application machines have appeared on the market.They cannot be defined as completely digital but they cannot even be comparable to traditional analogue techniques. How do they work?What kind of features should the glaze have to be properly applied?

  Vidcast:  https://youtu.be/pHgQ9JsvwDo   Here are the latest cutting edge medical and healthcare discoveries this 3rd Week of August, 2022.  Many of discoveries will become the therapies of tomorrow.   MIT bioengineers have developed self-powered wearable wireless sensors capable of transmitting data about pulse rate, sweat composition, and ultraviolet radiation exposure.  What's unique about these wearables is that they perform this monitoring without embedded Bluetooth chips or batteries.  The ultrathin sensing film is composed of gallium nitride with 2-way piezoelectric properties allowing it to both sense underlying skin changes and complete wireless transmission of the collected data when paired with a conducting layer of gold.   https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abn7325     The placenta is known as the “engine of pregnancy” since it provides oxygen and vital nutrients to the developing fetus.  University of Pennsylvania researchers now report a unique method for monitoring placental function and blood flow utilizing a unique combination of ultrasound and optical spectroscopy.  Light and sound waves are simultaneously directed through the pregnant woman's abdomen, and the reflected light is amplified and background noise removed to permit quantification of placental oxygen levels.  This precise placental monitoring permits better management of hight risk pregnancies.   https://www.nature.com/articles/s41551-022-00913-2       A newly synthesized peptide called A1R-CT is capable of suppressing seizures when introduced into the body in a nasal spray.  Neurologic researchers at the University of Alabama-Birmingham have shown that this protein facilitates activation of the A1 receptor on neurons that squelches excess electrical activity and seizures.  These epileptic seizures that commonly accompany strokes, traumatic brain injuries, and neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's are poorly controlled by conventional agents in some 40% of patients.  The A1R-CT nasal spray may help solve this problem.   https://insight.jci.org/articles/view/155002     And finally…..More news about uniquely therapeutic nasal sprays.  Looking to create nasal lining immunity where the CoVid virus first enters the body,  MIT researchers have successfully fused CoVid receptor binding domain spike antigens with an albumin-binding polymer lipid that opens a portal into nasal linings so that the CoVid proteins can effectively trigger a vigorous, local immune response against themselves.  The hope is that effective nasal IgA antibody immunity will offer better protection against the latest group of Omicron subvariants including BA.5. https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scitranslmed.abn1413     There you have the cutting edge medical and healthcare discoveries this 3rd Week of August, 2022.    #wearables #piezoelectric #placenta #ultrasound #spectroscopy #seizures #a1rct #CoVid #nasalvaccine  

The Curie brothers discovered a class of materials that, with an asymmetrical crystal structure, could produce an electric potential upon mechanical deformation. These piezoelectric materials are now widely used in the medical, naval, and space industries. Before we introduce our guest, check out our free professional development guide for materials scientists and engineers! Today's guest is Dr. Susan Trolier-McKinstry. She is a Professor of Materials Science and Engineering at Penn State, where she is the Director of The Center for Dielectrics and Piezoelectrics as well as the Center for Three Dimensional Ferroelectric Microelectronics. In this episode, she dives into the working principles and applications of piezoelectric materials. In this conversation, we discuss the following topics: What are piezoelectric materials The asymmetric crystal structure of piezoelectronics The intersection between ultrasound and sonar technology Correcting the lenses of telescopes Miniaturized ultrasound  Piezoelectric materials used in computing devices Learn more about our MSE Career Development Online Course, which includes more industry-specific information and advice.  Also, check out our MSE-themed merchandise if you want to support us or simply show off your love of materials science! Thank you Joao Morgado for editing this episode! Join our Discord community! You can meet other passionate materials scientists and engineers from around the world, discuss the latest breakthroughs in MSE, share materials-related memes, and get career advice from experts in the field. For shorter segments and full video podcasts, subscribe to our channel on YouTube. For bloopers, audiograms, and interesting materials science articles, follow us on Instagram, LinkedIn, and Twitter. Feel free to message us on our social media platforms if you have any feedback or recommendations for future episodes, or email us directly at itsamaterialworldpodcast@gmail.com. Finally, reach out to David Yeh and Punith Upadhya on LinkedIn if you'd like to chat about the latest breakthroughs in MSE! Disclaimer: Any opinions expressed by either guests or hosts in this show are their own, and do not represent the opinions of the companies or organizations for which they are affiliated.  

https://medicienterprises.com/2021/10/16/show-543/

Ziggy Dan is the Man! The nub phenomenon is a real mystery. Are they an ancient language like a morse code like The Stone-Nub Language @TwistDead1 suggests? A kind of Braille for Giants? Or Ziggy's personal favorite an ancient shared stone Mason's code? My favorite is the Piezoelectric qualities that they might have provided. There is the faceting notches theory or the one that has to be wrong “for lifting”! Maybe they are something we haven't touched on at all, we really do not know. Join in on the nub club of people from around the world and see if you can figure out why there are seemingly random little nubs all over the globe on ancient ruins! This one might be nice to look at the youtube because I put a lot of pictures in the video! Find Ziggy on Youtube https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC6C9... Twitter: ziggydan @ziggydan1 And if you want to hit Nikki up: Nikkianajones@protonmail.com Telegram channel: https://t.me/nikkiana_jones​​​​​​​​​​ IG: nikkiana_jones Twitter: @LivingExtraord1 Youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p6vqKmvVDm8&t=2s --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/nikkianajones/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/nikkianajones/support

Take a few seconds to leave us a review. It really helps! https://apple.co/2RIsbZ2 if you do it and send us proof, we'll give you a shoutout on the show.  (0:42) - Injectable Microchips:Researchers at Columbia University have developed a microchip the size of a grain of salt that can be injected into a patient and act as a wireless temperature sensor. The chip is powered by and communicates to a standard ultrasound probe from outside the body.  (9:00) - 2D Transistors:Moore's law has dictated the progress of computational power for the past few decades but lately, it seems like we've hit the physical limit of transistor development. There's now an international effort led by MIT and UC Berkeley to explore 2D transistors which could pave the way for keeping up with Moore's Law again.  (17:10) - AI For Spacecraft Diagnosis:NASA Pathways intern Evanna Gizzi has been working on Research in Artificial Intelligence for Spacecraft Resilience (RAISR) which aims to autonomously detect the root cause of spacecraft failures. RAISR is like an AI engineer that lives in the brain of a spacecraft to identify and remedy spacecraft failures.

Welcome to the History of Computing Podcast, where we explore the history of information technology. Because understanding the past prepares us to innovate of the future! Todays episode is is on the microphone. Now you might say “wait, that's not a computer-thing. But given that every computer made in the past decade has one, including your phone, I would beg to differ. Also, every time I record one of these episodes, I seem to get a little better with wielding the instruments, which has led me to spend way more time than is probably appropriate learning about them. So what exactly is a microphone? Well, it's a simple device that converts mechanical waves of energy into electrical waves of energy. Microphones have a diaphragm, much as we humans do and that diaphragm mirrors the sound waves it picks up. So where did these microphones come from? Well, Robert Hooke got the credit for hooking a string to a cup in 1665 and suddenly humans could push sound over distances. Then in 1827 Charles Wheatstone, who invented the telegraph put the word microphone into our vernacular. 1861 rolls around and Johan Philipp Reis build the Reis telephone, which electrified the microphone using a metallic strip that was attached to a vibrating membrane. When a little current was passed through it, it reproduced sound far away. Think of this as more of using electricity to amplify the effects of the string on the cup. But critically, sound had been turned into signal. In 1876, Emile Berliner built a modern microphone while working on the gramophone. He was working with Thomas Edison at the time and would go on to sell the patent for the Microphone to The Bell Telephone Company. Now, Alexander Graham Bell had designed a telephone transmitter in 1876 but ended up in a patent dispute with David Edward Hughes. And as he did with many a great idea, Thomas Edison made the first practical microphone in 1886. This was a carbon microphone that would go on to be used for almost a hundred years. It could produce sound but it kinda' sucked for music. It was used in the first radio broadcast in New York in 1910. The name comes from the cranes of carbon that are packed between two metal plates. Edison would end up introducing the diaphragm and the carbon button microphone would become the standard. That microphone though, often still had a built0-in amp, strengthening the voltage that was the signal sound had been converted to. 1915 rolls around and we get the vacuum tube amplifier. And in 1916, E.C. Wente of Bell Laboratories designed the condenser microphone. This still used two plates, but each had an electrical charge and when the sound vibrations moved the plates, the signal was electronically amplified. Georg Neumann then had the idea to use gold plated PVC and design the mic such that as sound reached the back of the microphone it would be cancelled, resulting in a cardioid pattern, making it the first cardioid microphone and an ancestor to the microphone I'm using right now. In the meantime, other advancements were coming. Electromagnets made it possible to add moving coils and ribbons and Wente and A.C. Thuras would then invent the dynamic, or moving-coil microphone in 1931. This was much more of an omnidirectional pattern and It wasn't until 1959 that the Unidyne III became the first mic to pull in sound from the top of the mic, which would change the shape and look of the microphone forever. Then in 1964 Bell Labs brought us the electrostatic transducer mic and the microphone exploded with over a billion of these built every year. Then Sennheiser gave us clip-on microphones in the 80s, calling their system the Mikroport and releasing it through Telefunken. No, Bootsie Collins was not a member of Telefunken. He'd been touring with James Brown for awhile ad by then was with the Parliament Funkadelic. Funk made a lot of use of all these innovations in sound though. So I see why you might be confused. Other than the fact that all of this was leading us up to a point of being able to use microphones in computers, where's the connection? Well, remember Bell Labs? In 1962 they invented the electret microphone. Here the electrically biased diaphragms have a capacitor that changes with the vibrations of sound waves. Robert Noyce had given us the integrated circuit in 1959 and of microphones couldn't escape the upcoming Moore's law, as every electronics industry started looking for applications. Honeywell came along with silicon pressure sensors, and by 65 Harvey Nathanson gave us a resonant-gated transistors. That would be put on a Monolithic chip by 66 and through the 70s micro sensors were developed to isolate every imaginable environmental parameter, including sound. At this point, computers were still big hulking things. But computers and sound had been working their way into the world for a couple of decades. The technologies would evolve into one another at some point obviously. In 1951, Geoff Hill pushed pules to a speaker using the Australian CSIRAC and Max Mathews at Bell Labs had been doing sound generation on an IBM 704 using the MUSIC program, which went a step further and actually created digital audio using PCM, or Pulse-Code Modulation. The concept of sending multiplexed signals over a wire had started with the telegraph back in the 1870s but the facsimile, or fax machine, used it as far back as 1920. But the science and the math wasn't explaining it all to allow for the computer to handle the rules required. It was Bernard Oliver and Claude Shannon that really put PCM on the map. We've mentioned Claude Shannon on the podcast before. He met Alan Turing in 43 and went on to write crazy papers like A Mathematical Theory of Cryptography, Communication Theory of Secrecy Systems, and A Mathematical Theory of Communications. And he helped birth the field of information theory. When the math nerds showed up, microphones got way cooler. By the way, he liked to juggle on a unicycle. I would too if I could. They documented that you could convert audio to digital by sampling audio and modulation would be mapping the audio on a sine wave at regular intervals. This analog-to-digital converter could then be printed on a chip that would output encoded digital data that would live on storage. Demodulate that with a digital to analog converter, apply an amplification, and you have the paradigm for computer sound. There's way more, like anti-aliasing and reconstruction filters, but someone will always think you're over-simplifying. So the evolutions came, giving us multi-track stereo casettes, the fax machines and eventually getting to the point that this recording will get exported into a 16-bit PCM wave file. PCM would end up evolving to LPCM, or Linear pulse-control modulation and be used in CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray's. Oh and lossleslly compressed to mp3, mpeg4, etc. By the 50s, MIT hackers would start producing sound and even use the computer to emit the same sounds Captain Crunch discovered the tone for, so they could make free phone calls. They used a lot of paper tape then, but with magnetic tape and then hard drives, computers would become more and more active in audio. By 61 John Kelly Jr and Carol Lockbaum made an IBM 7094 mainframe sing Daisy Bell. Arthur C. Clarke happened to see it and that made it into 2001: A Space Odyssey. Remember hearing it sing that when it was getting taken apart? But the digital era of sound recording is marked as starting with the explosion of Sony in the 1970s. Moore's Law, they got smaller, faster, and cheaper and by the 2000s microelectromechanical microphones web mainstream, which are what are built into laptops, cell phones, and headsets. You see, by then it was all on a single chip. Or even shared a chip. These are still mostly omnidirectional. But in modern headphones, like Apple AirPods then you're using dual beam forming microphones. Beamforming uses multiple sensor arrays to extract sounds based on a whole lot of math; the confluence of machine learning and the microphone. You see, humans have known to do many of these things for centuries. We hooked a cup to a wire and sound came out the other side. We electrified it. We then started going from engineering to pure science. We then analyzed it with all the math so we better understood the rules. And that last step is when it's time to start writing software. Or sometimes it's controlling things with software that gives us the necessary understanding to make the next innovative leap. The invention of the microphone doesn't really belong to one person. Hook, Wheatstone, Reis, Alexander Graham Bell, Thomas Edison, Wente, Thuras, Shannon, Hill, Matthews, and many, many more had a hand in putting that crappy mic in your laptop, the really good mic in your cell phone, and the stupidly good mic in your headphones. Some are even starting to move over to Piezoelectric. But I think I'll save that for another episode. The microphone is a great example of that slow, methodical rise, and iterative innovation that makes technologies truly lasting. It's not always shockingly abrupt or disruptive. But those innovations are permanently world-changing. Just think, because of the microphone and computer getting together for a blind date in the 40s you can now record your hit album in Garage Band. For free. Or you call your parents any time you want. Now pretty much for free. So thank you for sticking with me through all of this. It's been a blast. You should probably call your parents now. I'm sure they'd love to hear from you. But before you do, thank you for tuning in to yet another episode of the History of Computing Podcast. We're so lucky to have you. Have a great day!

In Story 1, we talk about a weird light in Arkansas. Story 2 is about Georgia Tann, the unparalleled C-word from Memphis. Here’s what we’re drinking this week: Muchacho – 9/10 Deep Eddy Peach – 9.5/10 Did we get anything wrong? Want to tell us about a personal experience or give us some alcohols to try? … Continue reading Piezoelectric Hootenanny →

A subtle tingle to the sole may be just what the doctor ordered to keep seniors on their feet.

For years we have relied on fossil fuels to produce the light, heat and energy we need to live and work. But these supplies are diminishing, and polluting our environment. So can renewable resources step into the breach annd produce enough energy to power the world? In this special Naked Scientists show, live from the Cambridge Science Centre, we talk to some of the researchers trying to do just that, as well as conducting some energy-related experiments of our own... Like this podcast? Please help us by supporting the Naked Scientists

For years we have relied on fossil fuels to produce the light, heat and energy we need to live and work. But these supplies are diminishing, and polluting our environment. So can renewable resources step into the breach annd produce enough energy to power the world? In this special Naked Scientists show, live from the Cambridge Science Centre, we talk to some of the researchers trying to do just that, as well as conducting some energy-related experiments of our own... Like this podcast? Please help us by supporting the Naked Scientists

Researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology have hit upon a possible answer for powering micro-devices using a cloth that generates power, any time it flexes.

Diese Arbeit präsentiert Ergebnisse an piezoelektrischen Materialien aus der Langasitfamilie, die unter extremen Bedingungen untersucht wurden. Die Einkristalle aus dieser Familie, vor allem La3Nb0.5Ga5.5O14 (LNG) und La3Ta0.5Ga5.5O14 (LTG), sind vielversprechende Materialien für Oberflächenwellen (OFW) –Substratmaterialien, die in der mobilen Kommunikationstechnik der Frequenzsteuerungsgeräte (mobile Kommunikation, Sensoren, usw.) und bei Hochtemperatur- OFW- Anwendung finden. Mit LNG und LTG OFW-Sensorelementen können physikalische Meßgrößen, wie Druck und Temperatur erfaßt werden. Aus diesem Grund sind die Strukturuntersuchungen an LNG und LTG bei verschiedenen Drucken und Temperaturen extrem wichtig. Die Struktur von LNG und LTG ist unter normalen Bedingungen trigonal mit der Raumgruppe P321. In der Struktur sind die schweren Atome polyedrisch von Sauerstoffatomen koordiniert. Vier Polyedertypen bilden decaedrisch-oktaedrische und tetraedrische Schichten. Diese sind in einer A-B- Stapelfolge senkrecht zur c-Achse angeordnet. Die Kristallstrukturen von LNG und LTG wurden mittels Röntgenstrukturanalyse an LNG- und LTG- Einkristallen in Hochdruck- Diamant -Stempel Zellen unter Druck bis 23GPa untersucht. Die Proben für diese Forschungsarbeit wurden von den Forschungsgruppen von B. V. Mill (Rußland) und J. Bohm (Deutschland) freundlicherweise zur Verfügung gestellt. Als druckübertragende Medien wurden Alkohol und Helium benutzt. a- Quarz Kristalle und die Rubinfluoreszenzmethode wurden zur Druckmessung herangezogen. Die Experimente mit Röntgenstrahlung wurden im eigenen Labor und am Hamburger Synchrotronstrahlungslabor (HASYLAB, Beamline D-3) durchgeführt. Die Gitterkonstanten und Reflexintensitäten von LNG und LTG wurden unter Drucken bis 22,8 beziehungsweise 16.7GPa gesammelt. Innerhalb des erforschten Druckbereichs nimmt das c/a- Verhältnis von 0,6232 bis 0,6503 für LNG und von 0,6227 bis 0,6350 für LTG zu. Folglich ist die a-Achse die an stärksten komprimierte Richtung in beiden Substanzen. Damit zeigen LNG und LTG unter Druck ein anisotropes Verhalten, das durch unterschiedliche Bindungsstärken in den Richtungen parallel zu den a- beziehungsweise c- Achsen bedingt ist. Unter hydrostatischem Druck ist die Komprimierung der c- Richtung (also zwischen den Schichten) steif, was wegen der weniger flexiblen Verknüpfung der Polyeder (gemeinsame Kanten) verständlich ist. Demgegenüber ist die Komprimierung innerhalb der ab- Ebene (also innerhalb der Schichten) größer und kann hauptsächlich durch die abnehmenden Volumina und Verzerrungen der Polyeder erreicht werden. Weil die Kristallstrukturen von LNG und LTG wegen der hohen Symmetrie und der Polyederkopplungen sehr steif sind, führt die Komprimierung dieser Strukturen zu einer Zunahme der internen Spannungen und endet bei einem Druck von 12.4(3)GPa für LNG und 11.7(3)GPa für LTG mit einem Phasenübergang in Strukturen mit niedrigerer Symmetrie. In dem untersuchten Druckbereich sind die Kompressibilitäten entlang der c-Achse fast identisch für LNG und LTG. Andererseits sind die Druckabhängigkeiten der a Gitterparameter dieser Materialien nur für die Ausgangsphase ähnlich, während die Achsenkompressibilitäten für die Hochdruckphasen von LNG und von LTG unterschiedlich sind. Die Volumenkompressibilitäten des trigonalen LNG und LTG sind 0.007GPa -1 , die entsprechenden Kompressionsmodule sind 145(3)GPa und 144(2)GPa. Der Kompressionsmechanismus von LNG und LTG kann wie folgt beschrieben werden: Eine Erhöhung des Drucks verursacht eine Reduzierung der Gittervolumina von LNG und LTG. Folglich verringern sich die Abstände zwischen den Ionen. Auf diese Weise werden die größten Kationen (La 3+ ) innerhalb der ab- Fläche verschoben, um die Abstände zwischen den positiv geladenen benachbarten Ionen (Ga 3+ /Nb 5+ (Ta 5+ )) zu maximieren. Auf die gleiche Weise bewegen sich die tetraedrisch koordinierten Ga 3+ -Ionen. Wegen der Anionen-Kationenbindungsverkürzung versuchen die Polyeder zu rotieren. Nun werden diese Drehungen durch die gemeinsamen Ecken und/oder Kanten der benachbarten Polyeder behindert. Außerdem werden diese Bewegungen durch die geringe Flexibilität begrenzt, die durch die Symmetrie (zwei- und drei- zählige Achsen) verursacht wird. So resultiert die Komprimierung hauptsächlich aus Verkleinerungen der Polyedervolumina. Folglich steigen unter zunehmenden Druck die Spannungen innerhalb der Polyeder, vor allem innerhalb der kleinsten Polyeder (GaO4-Tetraeder), wegen deren geringer Flexibilität. Bei einem Druck von 12(1)GPa resultiert die Komprimierung von LNG und LTG in einer Transformation aus der Hochsymmetriephase in eine Niedersymmetriephase. Es kann gefolgert werden, daß dieser Phasenübergang durch die Zunahme der Spannungen innerhalb der Polyeder verursacht wird. Die Hochdruckphase ist verzerrter als die ursprüngliche Phase und beinhaltet mehr Freiheitsgrade für weitere Komprimierungen. Die Hochdruckphasen von LNG und von LTG können in Strukturmodellen mit monokliner Symmetrie (Raumgruppe A2) verfeinert werden. Die Kompressionsmodule sind B0=93(2)GPa und B0=128(12)GPa für die Hochdruckphasen von LNG beziehungsweise von LTG. Die entsprechenden Kompressibilitäten der Hochdruckphasen sind 0.011GPa -1 für LNG und 0.008GPa -1 für LTG. Somit zeigen die Hochdruckphasen unterschiedliche Kompressibilität, die durch eine Nb 5+ - Ta 5+ Substitution gut erklärt werden kann. Die Kompressibilität der Hochdruckphase von LNG ist größer als der entsprechende Wert für das Hochdruckpolymorph von LTG. Dieses Phänomen kann durch die größere Verzerrung von NbO6- Polyedern im Vergleich zu TaO6- Polyedern gut erklärt werden, welche durch die höhere Polarisation der Sauerstoffanordnung bei Nb 5+ -Kationen verursacht wird. Außerdem sind die Kompressibilitäten der Hochdruckphasen größer als die entsprechenden Werte für die Ausgangsphasen von LNG und LTG. Die Beobachtung einer Zunahme der Kompressibilität weis auf zusätzliche Polyederverkippungen hin. In den meisten Fällen ergibt sich die zusätzliche Freiheit aus dem Symmetriebruch. Das erklärt eine (auf den ersten Blick ziemlich unerwartete) erhöhte Kompressibilität der Hochdruckphase. Zusätzlich kann sich durch ein anomales Elastizitätsverhalten eine Steigerung der Kompressibilität der Hochdruckphase ergeben. Bei einer Zunahme des Druckes über 22GPa hinaus wird die Komprimierung der monoklinen Kristallstruktur von LGN vermutlich zu einer drastischen Strukturänderung führen, die von Änderungen der Korrdinationszahlen begleitet ist. Wahrscheinlich werden ähnliche Prozesse auch im LTG statt finden, jedoch unter höherem Druck. Im folgenden Teil dieser Arbeit wird die thermische Expansion der Gitterparameter von LNG, LTG und La3SbZn3GeO14 (LSZG) dargestellt. Die Hochtemperaturmessungen wurden mit dem Pulverdiffraktometer im HASYLAB an der beamline B2 durchgeführt. Die Temperaturabhängigkeit der Gitterparameter von LNG und von LTG wurde an polykristallinem Material bei Temperaturen von Raumtemperatur bis 850°C durchgeführt. Die thermischen Expansionen der Gitterparameter von LNG und LTG sind in diesem Temperaturbereich fast identisch. Die thermischen Expansionskoeffizienten des Gittervolumens aV (24°C- 850°C) von LNG und LTG betragen 22.563(7)x10 -6 °C -1 beziehungsweise 20.651(7)x10 -6 °C -1 . Deutliche Veränderungen der Temperaturabhängigkeit der Gitterparameter werden für die a- Richtung beobachtet. Folglich ist das Verhalten dieser Materialien bei thermischer Expansion ebenso wie bei Komprimierung anisotrop. Für einen Vergleich des Einflusses von Druck und Temperatur auf die Gitterparameter von LNG beziehungsweise LTG wurden die Druck und Temperatur- Abhängigkeiten des c/a- Verhältnisses gemeinsam aufgetragen. Es zeigt sich, dass eine lineare Abhängigkeit besteht. Daraus läßt sich ableiten, dass die Änderung der Gitterparameter von LNG (LTG) während der Abkühlung von 850°C auf Raumtemperatur einer Änderung der Gitterparameter von LNG (LTG) unter Zunahme des Drucks um 1.4GPa entspricht. Die Substanz LSZG, welche in dieser Arbeit untersucht wurde, ist ein weiters Mitglied der Langasitfamilie. LSZG kristallisiert in der monoklinen Symmetrie, Raumgruppe A2. Die Temperaturabhängigkeit der Gitterparameter der monoklinen Phase von LSZG wurden mittels der Röntgenbeugung an polykristallinem LSZG bei Temperaturen von Raumtemperatur bis 800°C untersucht. Bei Temperaturen oberhalb 250(50)°C wurde ein Phasenübergang erster Ordnung festgestellt, welcher sich in Sprüngen der Temperaturabhängigkeiten der Gitterparameter des LSZG äußert. Die monokline Struktur der bei Raumtemperatur und Normaldruck stabilen Phase des LSZG entspricht der der Hochdruckphase von LNG beziehungsweise LTG. Es ist bekannt, daß die Änderungen der Kristallstrukturen bei steigenden Drucken und Temperaturen gegenläufig sind. Aus diesem Grund wird vermutet daß sich die monokline Kristallstruktur des LSZG bei Temperaturen oberhalb von 250(50)°C in eine trigonale Kristallstruktur (Raumgruppe P321) umwandelt, welche der Normaldruckphase von LNG beziehungsweise LTG entspricht. Für eine detailliertere Beschreibung des Phasenübergang von LSZG bei einer Temperaturerhöhung über 250(50)°C hinaus werden weitere Experimente benötigt. Zum Vergleich von strukturellen und physikalischen Eigenschaften seien auch die physikalischen Eigenschaften von LNG und LTG zusammenfassend dargestellt: 1. LNG- und LTG- Kristalle der enantiomorphen Kristallklasse 32 können im Gegensatz zu GaPO4 mittels Züchtung nach der Czochralski- Methode mit ausreichend hoher struktureller Perfektion hergestellt werden. 2. DTA- Messungen von LNG und LTG zeigen keine Änderungen des thermischen Verhaltens bis zu Temperaturen von 1400°C [5]. Da LNG und LTG vermutlich keine Phasenübergänge bis zu ihren jeweiligen Schmelzpunkten bei ungefähr 1470(30)°C haben, sind sie für piezomechanische Anwendungen bei hohen Temperaturen gut geignet. 3. Die Härte von LNG beziehungsweise LTG ist vergleichbar mit der von Quarz. 4. LNG und LTG sind chemisch inert und unlöslich in Säuren beziehungsweise Laugen. 5. Die Breite des Bandpassfilters von LNG oder LTG ist ungefähr dreimal größer als die von Quarz. Folglich sind LNG und LTG für Filter besser geeignet als Quarz. Im Lichte der Ergebnisse aus dieser Forschungsarbeit können folgende Empfehlungen gemacht werden: 1. Bezüglich der hoher Qualität dieser Materialien (die Halbwertsbreite der Reflexionen beträgt 0.0008°) und wegen des großen Streuvermögens, kann empfohlen werden, diese Kristalle als Test- Kristalle für die Justage an Einkristall- Diffraktometer und für Experimente mit harter Röntgenstrahlung zu benutzen. 2. Ebenso wie a-Quarz- Einkristalle [ 58 ], können diese Kristalle als interner Druckstandard in Einkristallhochdruckexperimenten benutzt werden, weil diese Kristalle eine große Anzahl von starken unabhängigen Reflexen besitzen. Andererseits kann die niedrigere Kompressibilität von LNG beziehungsweise LTG, im Vergleich zu a-Quarz, zu einer niedrigeren Druckmessungspräzision führen. Dieser Nachteil wird wiederum durch große Streuvermögen kompensiert. 3. LNG oder LTG können als Materialien für Drucksensoren bis zu sehr hohen Drucken verwendet werden. Wegen des Phasenübergangs von LNG und LTG ist der Einsatz lediglich auf 12(1)GPa begrenzt. 4. Die Temperaturabhängigkeit der Gitterparameter dieser Materialien zeigt keine Anomalie innerhalb des untersuchten Temperaturbereiches (24°C - 850°C). Somit wurde die thermische Stabilität von LNG und LTG bestätigt. Auf diese Weise können LNG und LTG im Austausch für Quarz als Substratmaterialien für Temperatursensoren sehr empfohlen werden.

Fri, 1 Jan 1993 12:00:00 +0100 http://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4218/ http://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4218/1/073.pdf Yan, Yongan; Bein, Thomas Yan, Yongan und Bein, Thomas (1993): Molecular recognition through intercalation chemistry: immobilization of organoclays on piezoelectric devices. In: Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 5, Nr. 7: pp. 905-907.