Podcasts about Holroyd

This week Rosie is joined by Star Holroyd to unpack her journey to queerness, from navigating years of dating men, to finally acting on her attraction to women in her 30s, and trusting in her psychic to find her the love of her life

Martin Holroyd is the CEO of Intorqa, the first threat intelligence platform dedicated to reducing cheating and fraud in video gaming. In this episode, he joins hosts Paul John Spaulding, Kyle Haglund, VP of Audio Engineering at Cybercrime Magazine, and Sam White, Video Producer at Cybercrime Magazine, to discuss cheating in video games and how it became a multi-billion dollar business. • For more on cybersecurity, visit us at https://cybersecurityventures.com

What a pleasure it was to talk to Ruth Scurr, author of John Aubrey: My Own Life, about the great man himself, who was born four hundred years ago this month. Aubrey is best know for his splendid Brief Lives but he preserved a huge amount of knowledge which historians still rely on. There are many things we only know because of Aubrey—things about people Hobbes and Hooke, Stonehenge, architectural history. We also talked about Janet Malcom, the genre of biography, and modern fiction.HENRY OLIVER: Today I'm talking to Ruth Scurr. Ruth is a fellow of Gonville and Caius College in the University of Cambridge, where she specializes in the history of political thought. But more importantly, she is the biographer of John Aubrey, one of my favorite writers, who is celebrating 400 years of his birth this year. Ruth, hello.RUTH SCURR: Hi, Henry.OLIVER: Can you begin by giving us a brief life of John Aubrey?SCURR: So born in 1626, 17th-century antiquarian, collector, early fellow at the Royal Society. Well connected to scientific and the literary circles of his day. Someone who sees himself more as a whetstone: a person who could help sharpen other people's ideas. As a recorder, someone who treasured the details, the minutiae of the lives he encountered, and pass those details on to posterity.He's nonjudgmental, witty, kind, inventive. Very, very sociable. Very good friend. But he's hopeless at self-advancement. Begins his life as a gentleman, but he inherits debts from his father and he can never really achieve financial stability.Never marries, ends up homeless and worried about being arrested for his debts. And he has to sell his precious collection of books periodically through his life to raise some much-needed cash, but he keeps his manuscripts safe. And he does this at the end of his life by putting them into the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford, afterwards known as the Bodleian, and where they still are today.OLIVER: So how many manuscripts did he save for us?SCURR: Of his own manuscripts or other people's manuscripts?OLIVER: Other people's. Because he was collecting all sorts of precious things.SCURR: Oh, absolutely. He was the person who, when someone died, would go round if he could to their house and ask what was happening about the manuscripts. He's particularly concerned, obviously, with his friends. So he had a close relationship with Robert Hooke and he wanted to make sure that Hooke's many inventions and scientific contributions were recorded.And he has this wonderful line in the life of Hooke where he says, “It's so hard to get people to do right by themselves.” And in his childhood, he had seen the fallout from the dissolution of the monasteries. He'd become very troubled by the habit of using manuscript pages which had been displaced in the dissolution. He saw them being used in schools to cover textbooks. He saw them being used to—or he heard about them at least being used—to wrap up gloves or to create stoppers in bottles. And this really troubled him from, from a very early age.And I think he has another beautiful line where he says after the dissolution of the monasteries, whereas these manuscripts had been kept safe, they flew around like butterflies. And he wanted to catch them and preserve them and to stop people letting the papers and the precious manuscripts of their relatives do the same. So he was very instrumental in rescuing manuscripts, other people's manuscripts. And then fortunately with his own, he knew Ashmole and they had the shared astrology interest.Ashmole was a very different sort of person who basically said to Oxford, look, I'll give you my collections, but there has to be a museum for them. And luckily Aubrey was able to use that museum as a safe place for his own manuscripts.OLIVER: So we know things about Robert Hooke and Thomas Hobbes and all these other luminaries of the 17th century, thanks to Aubrey. What else do we know, thanks to him?SCURR: We know what Stonehenge looked like in his day because he was a very good draftsman. He drew pictures of Stonehenge. He'd grown up in Wiltshire, he'd known those stones from childhood. He understood that Avebury nearby was a comparable monument, and he took Charles II to see it, and persuaded the king to get the locals to stop breaking up the stones, to reuse the stones, which was the practice.He also made drawings of windows because he was possibly the first person as a historian of architecture to realize that you could date buildings by the style of their windows. So we have those drawings. He was also interested in the history of costume. He did a survey of Surrey, of Wiltshire.So these are all sort of focuses in his manuscripts and people who've used them come to really appreciate how pioneering Aubrey was. But of course he doesn't finish them. He doesn't publish those manuscripts. So it's very easy really to overlook the innovation and the contribution and the wonderful imagination that he had.OLIVER: You mean if he'd published a book, he would have a much bigger reputation?SCURR: Well, I think there's two things. Yes, but in a sense, you know, the Brief Lives have been published after his death in various forms. But I think one of the most engaging things about Aubrey is that he's a modest and self-effacing person. And I already mentioned the idea he had of himself as a whetstone to other people's talents.There aren't that many people—certainly not in my life, maybe there are in yours—but who would effortlessly describe themselves as a whetstone to other people's talents. Most people want to be at the center. They're happy to have clever and literary friends, but they want a place there at the table as well.And Aubrey really was very, very invested in helping other people to do right by themselves, as he said about Hooke. And he very movingly—this is one of the inspirations really for my book that I wrote about him—he spent all that time collating the information about other people's lives. And for his own life, he puts down a few lines, a couple of facts and everything.He says, well, this could be used as the binding of a book. You know, it's sort of waste paper really. So he doesn't write his own life. Other people's lives he's going to convey to posterity. He doesn't see his own life as really being at that level of needing the attention that he gave, for example, to Milton or to Harvey or Hobbes, as you mentioned.OLIVER: He's born the year after Charles I comes to the throne. So he obviously lives through a fairly terrible period of history and very tumultuous, changeable in lots of different ways. The new world, the new learning, new religion, new politics, everything is changing. And he's obsessed with the old ways. How did these historical events—is he reacting against his time? Is he just born in a lucky time in a way?SCURR: So he was a student in Oxford during the Civil War. And you are right. The upheaval is very disturbing for his generation. It means he gets called back from Oxford by his father because it's dangerous to be there. And he's really, really upset by that because, it's like us, when we were students or our students today. You finally get away from your family and there you are in this place with all these exciting peers and access to books that you've never had before or at least to that extent, libraries, et cetera.And suddenly there's a war on and you've got to go home. So there's that disturbance. Then there is the fact that actually he was close to Hobbes. Hobbes actually was a Malmesbury man, so Wiltshire, very near Aubrey. And had come back to visit the school where Hobbes had been, which was where Aubrey was at school. And so they had met in Aubrey's childhood, and then he would've been aware of Hobbes having to go into exile. And then Hobbes coming back, of course. And that's a very important time in his life.And it's not an accident that Hobbes asks Aubrey to write his life because Hobbes knows how careful Aubrey is. And he knows that Aubrey has information that he can convey in the life. So that is really the first life that he writes. And it's different from the others. There's a different sort of origin. And it's after he's done that, that he starts to think, well, actually, you know, I can think of at least 50, 55 other people's lives. And now I've got my hand in, I might start on those as well.So in that period of upheaval there are wonderful stories. Maybe we'll look at some of the Brief Lives, but there's this amazing story that he captures in the life of William Harvey, which is a description of Harvey having been at the battlefield in Edgehill and recording one of the people who had been fighting and wounded, surviving by having the good sense to pull a dead body on top of himself, to keep himself warm on the battlefield. Things like that, which make the war very much alive. This is brutal, this civil war. It's a long time ago and we think we passed over it, but the really brutal reality of war is captured in the Brief Lives through the anecdotes and the stories of that generation that Aubrey preserves.OLIVER: How English is he?SCURR: Well, as opposed to what?OLIVER: Welsh.SCURR: Okay. Well he goes to Wales often and is very interested in Wales. I think he sees himself as English. I think he's very invested in English customs and stories and people. He's not nationalistic in any sense like that. What he's interested in is the inherited ways of living.And he's very interested in language and different dialects. That's one of the other things; he starts to collect different words. He was very aware of the Cornish dialect, for example. So I'd say it's a very decentered England that's rooted in customs, traditions, inherited stories.And there's a big place there for both the future and the past. Huge excitement about The Royal Society, English science, what can be achieved through the sharing of knowledge. But again, Aubrey's not an insular person in that respect. So, he wished he could go on the Grand Tour when he was a student. He would really have loved to have done that. It's one of the things that he actually talked to Harvey about, going and traveling as his contemporaries, for example, John Evelyn did.But Aubrey actually says—this is very typical of Aubrey—that his mother persuaded him out of it. His mother didn't want him going off on the Grand Tour. She was afraid for him. And he regretted it later in life. But it's so typical of Aubrey that he would pay attention to his mother and her anxieties.OLIVER: This interest in the present and the past—so he loves all the history, but he's in the Royal Society. One thing I like in your book is the way he talks about, oh, my grandfather still dresses in the old ways, like he's an Elizabethan, but at the same time he's doing a very sort of Baconian project. He's influenced by Bacon. Is Aubrey a sort of paradox? Does this make sense in a way?SCURR: Only in so far as lots of other people are as well. I was just looking at the Harvey life, and there's a story there about how when Harvey was a student he was meant to be setting sail with some friends. And he's stopped and told, “No, you can't get on this boat. You have to wait.” And he says, “Well, what have I done wrong? Why can't I get on this boat?” He said, “No, honestly, we need to have a word with you. You are not going on the boat.” And then the boat sinks, everyone dies. And this is apparently because the guy who stopped him had a dream that he needed to stop Harvey going. Harvey told Aubrey that story.Harvey also is—as Aubrey sort of slightly inaccurately puts it, is the inventor of the circulation of the blood. And you think, well, that's going a little bit far, perhaps not actually the inventor, but certainly the first person to discover, to understand about circulating blood.So there's another example of someone's life includes, I wouldn't be alive unless somebody had had this premonition and dream that I was about to die. Which is from a completely different world, from the rational, scientific understanding of the body or the other scientific advances that are going on at the time.OLIVER: And Aubrey's happy to just sort of coexist with both of those because of his interest in astrology?SCURR: And not just astrology. He's very interested in astrology and nativities, as he called it. In some of the Brief Lives, you see the sort of recording of the information that would be needed to cast an astrological shape for the life.But he is also interested in the fact that people believe in fairies and ghosts. He doesn't look down on those beliefs. Nor does he say that he necessarily believes in the presence of fairies or the interventions of the supernatural. But he's got a very open mind in relation to that. And certainly being simultaneously interested in early astronomy and astrology together is, to us, very striking. But then I think it was much more normal.OLIVER: Why do you think he resisted ordination?SCURR: Because he said the cassock stinks. He considered ordination several times because he knew it would be a living, it would be a way of being able to have some income, probably not very onerous duties. Some of his friends say to him, “Come on, Aubrey, it really won't be that much work. You'll just get a curate who'll do it all, and you'll get the living, and then you won't have to be worrying all the time about your paycheck. You haven't got a paycheck. It would be a living coming to you.”And on one occasion, one of the reasons he gives for not doing that is he thinks well, what if there's another religious upheaval and I have to change sides again? What if Roman Catholicism comes back and I ended up on the wrong side of it?And, again, would it really have been that difficult to go with the flow? But I think, in his own way, he had found his way of living, which was intensely sociable. And perhaps he didn't want that constraint of being a member of the clergy around him.OLIVER: Do you think he was a nonbeliever?SCURR: Well. I don't know the answer to that. I don't think so at all. I think he probably was a straightforward Christian believer. I think perhaps he'd seen enough of the religious conflicts and wars to be afraid of fanaticism on both sides. And that would fit certainly with his relationship with Hobbes.I don't have any reason to think he's an atheist. He's got a beautiful way of writing about death and there's this wonderful line he has when he says, “God bless you and me in our in and out world.” So the fact that we refer to his works as the Brief Lives because they're short, but everybody's life is brief.And even those who live, as he did, into his 70s, it feels brief. And there's these very moving descriptions of him at funerals. I was thinking about this the other day because he often records where someone's buried. And I recently wrote my first entry for the Dictionary of National Biography. I did the one for Hilary Mantel, which was a great honor and extremely interesting.And when I came back to the Brief Lives, I thought, gosh, I wish I'd put at the end of that DNB entry where she's actually buried, that would've made sense to do that. And I didn't do it because the DNB is quite formalized; they've got their formula and you need to stick to it.But maybe I'll add it in. Because it seems to me very moving to record where people are actually buried. That would fit I think with her religious sensibility, with a regard for the afterlife, and with the rites of passage at the end of life.OLIVER: What is it that makes Aubrey such a good biographer?SCURR: So I think the modesty that is in his spirit, the noticing, the minutiae that he both notices and values and his wit. He has a sensitivity to these funny and revealing quirky stories about the people that he knows. Or he finds them in the stories he's told by people who did know them.There's an eyewitness account aspect to it as well. Or at least it's an oral history. “I was told this by . . .” He's extremely precise. He'll try to assemble the facts so far as he can, and then he'll tell you what people's close friends said about them, and he will do so very, very carefully so that you know this is a story that he's been told that he's passing on.And then he doesn't pass moral judgment. He doesn't adjudicate. And finally, he thinks of himself as doing all of this for posterity and that posterity, i.e. us or the people who come after us, will find things there and he's not going to tell them what to find. He's not going to shape the life and say, this is what you should think about it.He will give you the raw materials, he'll give you the stories, he'll give you a flavor of the details of the life, and then posterity can look there and can see, for example, the disagreements between Hobbes and Isaac Newton. There are people who've written lives of Hooke and Newton. And there are people who've written lives and you can be team Newton or team Hooke. Interestingly, Aubrey is team Hooke. He doesn't write a life of Newton. And he wants, as I said, to do well by Hooke. But his way of doing that isn't to say Mr.Hooke was fantastic and Newton robbed him of lots of his ideas. He says, let me show you, let me assemble and make a catalog, if I can, of all these hundreds of contributions that Hooke made.OLIVER: When did you discover Aubrey?SCURR: So I discovered Aubrey because I was reviewing for the LRB, The Biographer's Tale, and I had come across a really interesting—and it's still in the introduction to my book—a really interesting reflection on the difference between Aubrey and Lytton Strachey, a reflection made by Anthony Powell, and I had quoted it or alluded to it in my review. And I had gone and started to read Aubrey as a result of that. So I was led to it through reviewing, via Anthony Powell, and then into the Brief Lives.But then another very strange thing happened, which is I met for the very first time, Janet Malcolm, who is someone who became very important in my life. And because she knew or had been told that I'd written this review, she read the review before we met. And she said to me, she said, “Ruth, I read your review”—and I doubt Janet Malcolm was a massive fan of A.S. Byatt, to be absolutely honest. We never really discussed that further, but she said, “I read your review and I was really interested in this Aubrey. I was so interested in what you quoted about Aubrey and the difference between his biographical approach and Lytton Strachey.”And then it sort of stuck in my mind and suddenly as I was coming toward the end of my first book, which was a totally different book on Robespierre and the French Revolution, I just knew I wanted to write about Aubrey. And I think at the time my then-husband really thought I'd gone mad actually, because you're not supposed to do that, are you?I mean, you're supposed to stick in your period and certainly build on it. So, you know, a book on Marra or even Napoleon would've been okay, that would've made sense. But to circle back to the 17th century and write about Aubrey seemed extremely eccentric.OLIVER: Well, what was Janet Malcolm like?SCURR: Oh, Janet was absolutely wonderful. She has this reputation of being sort of terrifying. And, of course, I was extremely interested in her forensic examination of biography which we had very interesting conversations about. She was a deeply kind person, extremely nurturing of younger writers, and extremely funny as well.That's the other thing that you don't associate with her sometimes from this sort of public image of a very austere interviewer, The Journalist and the Murderer, In the Freud Archives, et cetera. Actually, she was a really warm and extremely witty person.OLIVER: A lot of historians don't think biography is real history. Why do you take biography seriously?SCURR: Well, Michael Holroyd writes Works on Paper—and I love Michael Holroyd so much. And he has this wonderful line—I won't remember it exactly—but it's about biography being the b*****d offspring of history and the novel, and both are ashamed of it.And I think some of those distinctions actually have broken down. I know lots of historians who are very interested in biographical writing. I think it depends. There are certain historical schools that maybe are not so interested in lives.And to be fair, the history of ideas is—which I belong to, and in a sense I'm a rebel from—is one of those. I remember there coming a point where I had spent so much time thinking about the constitutional ideas for the representative republic in the middle of the French Revolution, that actually the French Revolution could have been happening on Mars for all it mattered about the actual sequence of events. What mattered was the structure of the ideas.And it's difficult because the school I belong to in Cambridge wants to put the ideas into context all the time. But again, by context you don't really mean people's lives; more the discourses and the conversations and the ideas of the time that are the landscape, the intellectual landscape, if you like.So I rebelled at a certain point and I was like, well, you know, I'm actually going to go through the revolution day by day because that period is short. And I think it really matters, the lived experience there. I think many, many history books quote Aubrey with enormous respect and say, “as Aubrey says,” or, “according to Aubrey,” and pull those details forwards.I suppose some history is quite instrumental in its use of biography, so it wants to draw the reader in with a few anecdotes and a little bit of what does somebody wear on their head? And who was their first love, that kind of thing. But it's perhaps not very engaged with the real work of trying to capture the shape or the feel of a life.OLIVER: And of a temperament, right? I think one thing biography gives us is that sense that a lot of these big decisions or events in history are quite temperamental. As well as being based in ideas and events.SCURR: Oh, yeah. Absolutely.OLIVER: Your life of Aubrey, at one point you tried to write as a novel.SCURR: Yeah. I had to stop that quite fast.OLIVER: Why?SCURR: Because Aubrey is too important. I didn't want to make up things for him. As someone who's come right up to that line of the history and the novel, I do think it's very clear to be on one side or the other. And again, going back to Hilary Mantel, she wrote those wonderful Reith Lectures on historical fiction.And, like her, I think that it's not about ignoring the facts or embellishing the facts. It is about the gaps. It's about imagining what isn't in the record and should have been, and trying to reconstruct that inside the novel. But at the time, I felt that the gaps with Aubrey didn't actually matter that much.There was so much there that I could pull together to give a sense of him and his sensibility. Now actually, scholars in this field will all be very, very keen to advance our knowledge of those gaps. And that's wonderful. You know, what exactly was Aubrey doing when he visited France? You know, at the time I wrote my book that seemed very unclear.I think my colleague in Oxford, Kate Bennett, knows that now and will write her own biography. And she will fill in many of these gaps that I sort of happily included in the form that I'd found for his life because giving him that first person voice, I was able to focus on the evidence that I thought had been very underused at that point.OLIVER: Now Kate Bennett did a wonderful edition of the Brief Lives with lots of excellent footnotes and investigations. And you wrote that it gave us a new understanding of Aubrey.SCURR: Absolutely. And of the lives themselves. And Kate and I got to know each other and became friends while we were both writing our books. And people we knew before we met were very keen to sort of set us against each other. So they would wind us up. I would meet someone and they'd say, “Ruth, there you are. You've written a book about the French Revolution and now you are going to write a book about Aubrey. But don't you know there is a scholar in Oxford who spent her entire academic life working on Aubrey?” And it built up a picture of fear that you shouldn't trespass on somebody else's ground.And then people would do a sort of reverse thing to her that they would say, “Oh, Kate, gosh, you've been working a long time on Aubrey and where is your Clarendon edition after all? And did you know there's somebody in Cambridge who's going to write this popular book about Aubrey?”Anyway, finally we met at a conference and we really actually just liked each other and we decided it's fine. I was doing my thing. She's doing something very different. And we became friends, and I see that as a triumph over a sort of more traditional, maybe even dare I say, male and territorial approach to academic life and to knowledge in general actually.OLIVER: Yeah. Because the two books are great complements to each other. They're not rivalrous in that sense.SCURR: Absolutely not. Kate's book, it's not just an addition. It's as much as you can ever do. It's a reconstruction of the manuscript as Aubrey left it and intended it with all the gaps and the notes to himself to fill this in. And his changes of mind and his deletions and all of that. And so it's an astonishing thing. Because it's not just a copy of it. It takes you in, it helps you understand what he was intending with those collections, as you called them, my pretty collections.And so that edition that she had been working on for a very long time came out in 2015, the same year as my book came out. And it felt like an amazing year for Aubrey. And now, we'll be celebrating the 400th anniversary of his birth. But that year, 2015, was a very special, obviously for us, but I think for Aubrey more broadly.OLIVER: How much of an influence has Aubrey had on English biography?SCURR: As we know, there's the huge influence in terms of “Aubrey says.” Open any book on the 17th century, and it will be “Aubrey says,” “according to Aubrey,” et cetera. So a huge influence in that respect. With regard to the actual form, I think it's very, very pervasive and important, and we have to look at it very carefully.I mentioned earlier the very important difference between what Aubrey does and what Lytton Strachey did. There are some similarities in so far as Strachey will go for the vivid detail. He give you these powerful anecdotes. But actually he spins them as well.And that's what Anthony Powell so brilliantly showed. And the example was of Francis Bacon, the life of Francis Bacon who Aubrey has a description of Bacon right at the end of his life, the circumstances leading up to Bacon's death where he is on Highgate Hill and he decides to conduct an experiment to see if snow will preserve a chicken or a hen as well as salt. So he is stuffing this carcass of the hen with snow. Catches a cold, ends up having to stay with a friend, sleeps in a bed that hasn't been aired for a long time, and dies. And that's the end of Lord Bacon.So Aubrey gives us all this, and then along comes Lytton Strachey. And he takes it, and he says an old man disgraced, shattered, alone on Highgate Hill, stuffing a dead foul with snow, which makes it sound like he's lost his mind at the end of his life. And then Anthony Powell examined that and he said, look, the story of stuffing the hen with snow is Aubrey's.Bacon was certainly an old man at the time of the incident. He was disgraced. He may have been shattered. No doubt at times he was alone. But Aubrey's story of stuffing the foul on Highgate Hill shows Bacon accompanied by the king's physician, conducting a serious experiment to test the preservative properties of snow and, on becoming indisposed, finding accommodation in the house of the Earl of Arundel.And so you take that same story and, as Anthony Powell says, you combine the story, the fragment preserved by Aubrey with some epithets, and you convey an oblique point. It's a biographical method for actually building up a picture of the person. And it really matters what you do with those fragments.So I think the fact that Aubrey is pretty pure about this, he gives you the fragments and another biographer might come along and think, okay, what's going on here with Venetia Stanley and dying in her bed after drinking Viper wine? Let's build up a story about that. And there was a rumor at the time that her husband had murdered her, et cetera. Aubrey doesn't comment. He just gives you the fragment. And I think afterwards, people have not only used the fragments in their own work, but they've also developed a technique of working up those fragments into whatever picture you decide as a biographer you are going to draw.OLIVER: Now as well as a historian, you are a literary critic. You review novels. You are a Hilary Mantel admirer. Who else among the modern fiction writers do you admire?SCURR: Amongst the modern fiction writers? I'm getting quite old, Henry. Lots of my people are dead now. Alice Monroe is someone I'm extremely interested in. Hilary Manel, obviously, Beryl Bainbridge, Penelope Fitzgerald. And I love the fact Penelope Fitzgerald was a biographer simultaneously with becoming a novelist.And I was thinking back to this actually, that Charlotte Mew and Her Friends—that's the title. And then the Anthony Powell is John Aubrey and His Friends. And I was thinking, is there something about these people who have a lot of friends and the biographical genre? It's interesting.In terms of younger people writing, I just read a wonderful short story by Gwendoline Riley in the latest Paris Review. “A–Z” it's called—very disturbing. Very, very good story. And Gwendoline has a novel coming out later this year, which I shall read with enormous interest. It's going to be called Palm House. I absolutely revered George Saunders, although I haven't yet read Vigil. I'm only on Substack for George Saunders and you Henry. That's it, basically.OLIVER: That shows very good taste.SCURR: Very good taste. Yeah. And a couple of others. My friend Danielle Allen's The Renovator, I also subscribe to, but very few. But George Saunders wrote a wonderful post on his Substack about maybe a year and a half, maybe more even ago, about how he found the solution to the beginning of Lincoln in the Bardo. And he wanted to find a way to tell the story of the death of Lincoln's son. It's so typical of him—and I love this—he said he didn't want the ghosts. He knew it was going to be narrated by the ghosts in the morgue. And he couldn't have them coming home one evening saying, “Oh, you know, I just popped over the wall and had a look in through the White House window. And guess what I saw?” So how was he going to get the voices in?And then he said he'd got these extracts from the letters and from the literature that he needed. And he ended up putting them all on the floor and thinking, what order shall I put them in? And that reminded me of when I was struggling to find a way to write about Aubrey. I suddenly had the idea that I could just put them as diary entries without comment.I would sort of curate these entries and things like that. So, that was a very interesting moment for me about sort of the construction and the choices that go in both to writing a novel and to writing, in my case, a sort of experimental biography.OLIVER: So Hilary Mantel, Lincoln in the Bardo, Penelope Fitzgerald, Beryl Bainbridge—there's a lot of historical fiction here. This is the genre you most enjoy. It's been a sort of golden age for historical fiction.SCURR: But those people aren't just historical fiction writers. It's very important. They have all written historical fiction, but actually they write other novels as well. It doesn't matter the order in their careers, they go in and out of it. So I would say that actually it's those people as writers and sensibilities that attract me.Anita Brookner is another example. I love Anita Brookner's novels. I also love her book on David, the revolutionary painter, that she wrote—Jacques-Louis David—that's a fantastic book. So there's a sense in which I see them as writers and the genre of historical fiction, you are right, it does cut across, but I don't think that's what I'm following. I think I'm following what I find on the page from a particular sensibility and of course a command of language, which is in all of those cases, absolutely extraordinary.OLIVER: Because they're all quite innovative as historical novelists as well. And it's not the main part of what is recognized as their achievement in a way.SCURR: No, no.OLIVER: It's been quietly a second great period of the historical novel. It seems crazy to say Hilary Mantel is our Walter Scott, but that is quite high praise.SCURR: So I think you deal much more definitely than I do with these sort of epoch-defining ideas. I think I'm just more intermittently focused on particular things that I like. I used to do an enormous amount of reviewing. I've had to stop it because—talk about being the whetstone.I was constantly reviewing when I was in my 30s and much of my 40s actually. And I don't regret it in the least. And one of the reasons I don't regret it, especially with novels, was because I would never have read all those novels if I hadn't been reviewing them.And even some of the nonfiction, I wouldn't. But here's an example: Because I'd been reviewing so much, I ended up quite early 2007, becoming a Booker judge. And part of that process is that anyone who's been on the list before they automatically get entered by the publisher—McEwen and Barnes, et cetera. Fine.And then the publisher can put forward two books they choose and they can be anything. And then they assemble a list of so-called call-ins. And those are the books where the publisher says, “Oh, please, please call this in. I mean, we didn't make it one of our two, but we think it's absolutely amazing and you must read it.” And you think, well, if it's so amazing, what were you doing not making it one of your two. But anyway, whatever, we call it in. And on that call-in list there was actually, Anne Enright's novel, The Gathering, and that ended up winning the year I was a judge.And I knew Anne Enright's writing because I had reviewed several of her earlier books, especially one called What Are You Like?, which is quite obscure. It's not the book people think of when they think about Anne Enright. But I knew because I'd done all that time in the reviewing trenches, as it were, how extraordinary Anne Enright is as a writer. And we were able to say, well, absolutely go ahead and call this in. And then sure enough it won.OLIVER: What about biography? Modern biography? You like Michael Holroyd?SCURR: Well, we've already talked about Janet Malcolm. She's a sort of anti-biographer in some respect, sort of subversive of the entire genre. I very much like and respect Antonia Fraser's historical biographies and especially her one of Marie Antoinette which, again, came out very close to when my Robespierre book came out. And it's like seeing the other side of the story and that was absolutely extraordinary.And one of the biographies I go back to over and over again I'm extremely interested in Virginia Woolf. You are obviously a fan with The Common Reader. I was looking at it, preparing for this, that she's got this absolutely hilarious short biography of John Evelyn, and it is called Rambling Round Evelyn. Do you know it?OLIVER: Yes.SCURR: It's so beautifully constructed. It's got the butterflies landing on the dahlias pretty much throughout the actual text of the short biography. But then it's got this brilliant bit where she sort of makes fun of John Evelyn. And she says, the difference between then and now is, if we saw a red admiral, we would admire it, but we wouldn't—and this is very mean of her—we wouldn't rush into the kitchen and get a kitchen knife in order to dissect the red admiral's head. Right? It's so ridiculous and it so makes fun of Evelyn.I was listening to the podcast you made with Hermione Lee. And Hermione was saying that she thought what made Woolf such a good critic was that she was very empathetic. But I also think she's capable of that kind of sharp, wicked distance as well, where she goes, I see you, John Evelyn, you are so proud of your garden, and you're actually—looked at from my point of view—a bit of an idiot in some respects as well.OLIVER: I like her because she's so judgmental, which is not a very popular thing to say, but she is. She is really capable of saying that, you know, as long as prose will be read, Addison will be read. But on the other hand, he's boring and rambling and not very good in many ways. Absolutely cutting.SCURR: No, totally, totally. Yeah.OLIVER: What about some of the sort of big names: Richard Holmes, Claire Tomalin?SCURR: Yeah. Oh, Claire, absolutely. I mean, goodness, they've been such influences on me, both of them. Absolutely Richard and his Footsteps and then of course, and those other books, The Ratters of Lightning Ridge and then The Age of Wonder. That's so important, so wonderful.Claire, I revere, I loved and still recommend to my students her book on Mary Wollstonecraft. I also, by the way, love Virginia Woolf's essay on Mary Wollstonecraft. I think that's a different sort of thing where Woolf describes Mary Wollstonecraft pursuing her lover like a dolphin. She won't let him go. He thought he'd hooked a minnow. He wasn't expecting a dolphin to come after him. It was Mary Wollstonecraft. So, Claire Tomalin, her Peyps, Hardy, absolutely hugely important books and deeply, deeply humane actually.And that's the other thing, I think biography, by definition, you do get the sharpness of Woolf or Strachey, but I think to put someone else's life at the center of your book, that's a humane act. It's to say, no, I'm going to spend this number years of my life preserving and communicating this other person's life. And that's a very wonderful thing to do.OLIVER: What do you think of the sort of standard criticism of biography, that it's just not accurate enough? So, for example, Austen Scholars will point to various things in the Tomalin biography where she's deleted the facts or said things to make the narrative flow, but it's just not really accurate enough. The novelistic tendency overwhelms the historical one or whatever. You've obviously avoided that with various decisions you made in the Aubrey book, but as a genre.SCURR: I'd never say that. That would be a real hostage to fortune, wouldn't it?OLIVER: Well, you know what I mean?SCURR: And saying, look at, look at this—OLIVER: Page 28.SCURR: —at this piece of nonsense you introduced. Well, accuracy is extremely important. What I think about that is it all contributes to knowledge. If someone comes along and finds a mistake or wants to bring in some other evidence—And actually Kate Bennett, she does this with Aubrey as well. She says that, oh, Aubrey's really got this wrong, or he's gotten in a muddle about that. She's not saying, and therefore let's just chuck it out because it's inaccurate. You need to see this as well as that. So I think of it more as a collaborative relationship about adding to knowledge and if somebody corrects a previous book or previous claim or something, or point something, then that's fine actually.Again, going back to Holroyd, he thought that that biography was an art form constrained by the facts. So he's got a place for art in it. And I know what he means by that. And I think ultimately that's probably why I couldn't write a novel about a biographical subject because of being constrained by the facts. And yet Hilary Mantel has written many historical novels that are absolutely constrained by the facts. It's just what they're doing besides the facts, alongside the facts. So perhaps some people are going to come along and contribute other information and other people will come along and contribute some imaginative answer to the whole. And both are fine. I think we should be liberal broad church here.OLIVER: Is the genre dying?SCURR: Not so far as I'm aware. We are always doing this about genres dying, aren't we? Those things are always dying.OLIVER: People talk about biography dying a lot.SCURR: Well, perhaps they do. I haven't been listening to that. Why do they say it's dying?OLIVER: Because you can't sell these 700-page lives of people.SCURR: We can't sell most books. I mean, if we're going to go buy sales . . .OLIVER: This, yeah. Well, this story in The Times recently as well, that all the nonfiction that sells now is trash and that the serious books aren't there. And the whole civilization's dying routine.SCURR: Well if it is, we just have to carry on doing what we are doing.OLIVER: Yeah. What do you think is going to be the future of biography? Because I think more than a lot of other nonfiction genres, it's so changeable, it's so flexible. If you look at any decade, you see so much variety in structure and form. What do you think is coming next?SCURR: I'm like Aubrey; I think that's going to be for posterity to decide. As long as there are human beings, we will tell stories and we will want to tell stories about ourselves, and we will want to tell stories about the people we have loved and or hated, or the people who we think matter, for whatever reason, in science, in art, in literature. There will always be a need for the story of the human life.I think it will inevitably change enormously in ways that we couldn't possibly imagine. Just as Aubrey knew that he couldn't possibly imagine what posterity was going to make of the information that he had collected, and he didn't think that was something that he should be constrained by. He thought it was about passing it on.OLIVER: And what will Ruth Scurr do next?SCURR: I'll ask her. I think she's supposed to be writing about Rousseau and is very excited about that, but has been massively distracted by the Royal Society of Literature and becoming chair of that. So, I'm trying to pull myself back into my project. And I was very excited actually, because again, when I was looking at The Common Reader I saw Woolf refer to the Montaigne, Pepys, and Rousseau as people who had provided these spectacular portraits of themselves. And I was very excited by that. So I'm going to write a book about Rousseau and his time in England.OLIVER: Very exciting. I look forward to it. Ruth Scurr, author of John Aubrey: My Own Life, thank you very much.SCURR: Thank you, Henry. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.commonreader.co.uk

[We say goodbye to a crappy 2025 with a fond remembrance of frequent guest and long-time friend-of-the-show Steve Holroyd - whose untimely passing earlier this year still stings mightily. In this classic ARCHIVE RE-RELEASE from April 2019, we tapped Steve's encyclopedic knowledge of US soccer history for an essential look at an oft-overlooked event in the life of the original North American Soccer League (1968-1985), that arguably marked the "beginning of the end" of that influential circuit.] + + + Professional union labor lawyer and Society for American Soccer History sports historian Steve Holroyd returns to the podcast to go deep into one of the more curious rabbit holes in North American Soccer League history. In early 1977, Ed Garvey, a labor lawyer and head of the newly-formed National Football League Players Association (NFLPA), recruited Washington Diplomats midfielder John Kerr to help gauge interest among his teammates and those of other clubs in forming a similar organization for the suddenly ascendant ten-year-old NASL.  By the end of that summer, player representatives from all 18 league clubs agreed in principle to create the North American Soccer League Players Association (NASLPA), and on August 29th, 1977 – the day after the New York Cosmos' dramatic Soccer Bowl victory over the Seattle Sounders in Pele's US swan song – officially sought recognition by NASL owners to become the players' collective bargaining entity. Commissioner Phil Woosnam and league ownership quickly refused, fearing a threat to the still-fragile circuit's integrity by a group run by a union of the NFL, with whom NASL owners already had a tenuous (and in the cases of Ft. Lauderdale's Robbie and Dallas' Hunt families, common ownership) relationship.      With no progress towards recognition of the union either during the subsequent off-season or the next year, members of the NASLPA finally voted 252-113 to strike against ownership – announcing its intention to do so on April 13, 1979, one day before the league's second weekend slate of regular season games. What transpired next was five unprecedented days of confusion (would foreign imports risk deportation by playing during an American player work stoppage?); desperation (coaches Eddie McCreadie [Memphis] and Ron Newman [Ft. Lauderdale] donning uniforms to help their strike-depleted teams); naiveté (unwitting fans seeking Rochester Lancer "player" autographs during last-minute replacement tryouts); and ultimately, miscalculated futility – as player resolve waned almost immediately, especially among the association's non-US residents, who actually made up the majority of the membership. The players' point had been made, however, and by mid-1984 – through a long series of subsequent court rulings – the NASLPA finally prevailed in its mission to collectively represent players at the bargaining table with league ownership. Ironically, by then, it didn't matter – the NASL folded in March of 1985. + + +   SUPPORT THE SHOW:  Buy Us a Coffee: https://ko-fi.com/goodseatsstillavailable The "Good Seats" Store: https://www.teepublic.com/?ref_id=35106 SPONSOR THANKS (AND SUPPORT THE SHOW!):  Old School Shirts.com (10% off promo code: GOODSEATS): https://oldschoolshirts.com/goodseats Royal Retros (10% off promo code: SEATS): https://www.503-sports.com?aff=2 FIND AND FOLLOW: Linktree: https://linktr.ee/GoodSeatsStillAvailable Web: https://goodseatsstillavailable.com/ Bluesky: https://bsky.app/profile/goodseatsstillavailable.com X/Twitter: https://twitter.com/GoodSeatsStill YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@goodseatsstillavailable Threads: https://www.threads.net/@goodseatsstillavailable Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/goodseatsstillavailable/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/GoodSeatsStillAvailable/ LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/good-seats-still-available/

This week, Warrington Wolves player Adam Holroyd joins me to look ahead to the 2026 season, as well looking back on the season just gone. Adam tells me about the shoulder surgery he's recently had and the fact it didn't go as well as planned, meaning he's not too sure when he'll be back playing again in the new season. We also discuss the season just gone and he tells us about how well the new signings are settling in. This podcast is hosted by ZenCast.fm

Alex Holroyd-Jones is a Portfolio Manager at Ninety One in London

Galina Gheihman discusses global health with Dr. Katie Holroyd, who performs global health research in Thailand and the Dominican Republic, and Dr. Michael Rubenstein, who has a longitudinal clinical global health practice in Tanzania. They discuss how they divide their time and manage funding and institutional expectations, the importance of mindset and humility when approaching global health work, and why they chose to do what they do.Further resources:Viewpoint article mentioned by Dr. Holroyd: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38165668/Neurology Resident and Fellow Section Without Borders blogs by Dr. Holroyd sharing tips for trainees interested in global neurology:https://www.neurology.org/media/blog-post/five-questions-about-global-neurology-youve-always-had-but-were-afraid-to-ask-part-1-of-2; https://www.neurology.org/media/blog-post/five-questions-about-global-neurology-youve-always-had-but-were-afraid-to-ask-part-2-of-2Dr. Michael Rubenstein's Blog: www.michaelintanzania.com

Please Hit Subscribe and leave a 5-Star review. Click here to go to our Patreon Page. https://www.patreon.com/222ParanormalPodcast Click here to go to our Facebook page. https://www.facebook.com/222paranormal Click here to see and Purchase Jen's book. https://a.co/d/0SPctZQ   On this week's episode of the 222 Paranormal Podcast, we are excited to welcome Dan Holroyd from Southern Michigan Paranormals for a deep dive into the world of ghost hunting, paranormal investigations, and the unexplained mysteries lurking in the shadows of the Great Lakes region. With years of experience investigating some of Michigan's most haunted sites, Dan brings a wealth of knowledge, compelling stories, and chilling evidence gathered from the field. Whether you're a seasoned investigator or simply curious about what goes bump in the night, this episode is packed with firsthand accounts, eerie encounters, and the behind-the-scenes truth about what it's like to explore the spirit world. Southern Michigan Paranormals is one of the most respected investigative teams in the Midwest, known for their methodical approach, dedication to evidence-based research, and willingness to explore locations that many others wouldn't dare enter. Dan shares his journey into the paranormal — what sparked his interest, how his team came together, and some of the strangest cases they've tackled. From abandoned asylums to private homes plagued by unexplainable activity, the team has faced it all. Dan explains how they use a mix of traditional ghost-hunting tools like EMF meters, digital recorders, and thermal cameras, along with intuitive investigation techniques and historical research to uncover the truth behind reported hauntings. In this episode, Dan recounts a recent investigation where his team captured Class A EVPs (Electronic Voice Phenomena) and full-body apparitions at a location with a dark past tied to tragedy and unrest. We discuss how fear and energy can linger in spaces, why certain buildings seem to attract supernatural activity, and how different spirits communicate. Dan also opens up about the personal toll and emotional experiences that come with this line of work. Not every spirit is friendly, and not every case ends with answers. Sometimes, just walking into a location can trigger intense feelings, headaches, or emotional shifts — something Dan and his team have experienced repeatedly. We also explore the differences between residual and intelligent hauntings, why some spirits may be trying to deliver a message, and how investigators determine if a haunting is genuine or caused by environmental or psychological factors. Dan offers insight into what homeowners should do if they believe their home is haunted, and he shares some advice for those looking to get into the field of paranormal research. One of the most compelling parts of this conversation is hearing about the camaraderie within the Southern Michigan Paranormals team. Dan talks about how trust and respect are crucial when exploring dangerous, decaying buildings or dealing with potentially malevolent forces. The paranormal isn't just about ghost stories — it's about teamwork, dedication, and maintaining a healthy level of skepticism while remaining open to possibilities.   This week's episode is not only packed with spooky tales but also offers a grounded and respectful look at the field of paranormal investigation. Whether you're tuning in for the thrills or to learn more about the methodology behind ghost hunting, Dan's stories and insights will leave you questioning what really happens after we leave this world. So grab your headphones, dim the lights, and get ready for another fascinating journey into the unknown with the 222 Paranormal Podcast. Don't forget to subscribe, share, and leave us a review — and if you've had a paranormal experience of your own, we'd love to hear from you! Welcome to the 222 Paranormal Podcast, your gateway to the captivating world of the supernatural. Immerse yourself in our expertly crafted episodes, where we delve deep into a wide range of paranormal phenomena, including ghostly hauntings, cryptid sightings, and unexplained mysteries that defy logic. Each episode is meticulously researched and features engaging discussions with leading experts, seasoned ghost hunters, and renowned paranormal investigators. We cover the latest advancements in ghost hunting technology, offer practical tips for both amateur and experienced investigators, and review essential equipment for your paranormal adventures. Our podcast also explores the rich history of haunted locations, sharing true stories and firsthand accounts that will send chills down your spine. Whether you're a die-hard fan of the paranormal or just curious about the unknown, our content is designed to entertain, inform, and ignite your imagination. Stay tuned as we uncover secrets from the most haunted places around the world and analyze the most intriguing supernatural events. We also provide in-depth interviews with notable figures in the field and explore theories that challenge conventional understanding of reality. By subscribing to our Paranormal Podcast, you'll stay updated with the latest episodes, allowing you to join a community of like-minded individuals who share your fascination with the unexplained. Don't miss out on our exclusive content and special features, which bring you closer to the mysteries that lie beyond our everyday experiences. Dive into the world of the unknown with our Paranormal Podcast and experience the thrill of discovering what lies just beyond the veil of reality.

This week, I'm joined by Warrington Wolves player Adam Holroyd to discuss the season up to now and his career path to the Wire. We look back on how Adam started off in rugby league, him moving to Widnes and then joining the Warrington Wolves academy. We also look back on him making his debut, how he found out and his goals now for the future. We discuss the big games coming up and how he hopes to be apart of something special at the Wire. This podcast is hosted by ZenCast.fm

Many parents who don't meet their breastfeeding goals experience feelings of grief and even trauma that can affect their lives for years to come. This week I'm joined by the brilliant Dr Harriet Holroyd, a clinical psychologist and EMDR (Eye-Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing) practitioner, to discuss some approaches to resolving those feelings. We discuss some of the reasons for breastfeeding grief and trauma, and suggest some ways you can begin to find support if you or your loved one is suffering.Dr Harriet Holroyd is @‌the_lactation_psychologist on instagram or find out more on her website www.thelactationpsychologist.comMy latest book, ‘Supporting the Transition from Breastfeeding: a Guide to Weaning for Professionals, Supporters and Parents', is out now.You can get 10% off the book at the Jessica Kingsley press website, that's uk.jkp.com using the code MMPE10 at checkout.Follow me on Twitter @MakesMilk and on Instagram  @emmapickettibclc or find out more on my website www.emmapickettbreastfeedingsupport.comResources mentioned - Lucy Ruddle IBCLC, Breastfeeding Grief: Understanding and RecoveryProfessor Amy Brown, Why Breastfeeding Grief and Trauma MatterThis podcast is presented by Emma Pickett IBCLC, and produced by Emily Crosby Media.

America's first Olympic games were bad. But just how bad were they??? The 1904 St. Louis Olympics were part of a World's Fair that featured human zoos, a display of premature babies, a racist athletic event called “Anthropology Days,” and more! The actual Olympic competitions were disorganized and featured mostly American athletes. And for the turd on this poo sundae - a marathon event that almost killed competitors. But despite all this, some historians feel the 1904 St. Louis Olympics have been misjudged. Let's find out! Remember, kids, history hoes always cite their sources! For this episode, Norm pulled from:  AICO. “1904 OLYMPIC GAMES ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI : OFFICIAL MEDALS & BADGES,” n.d. https://aicolympic.org/collectors_library/1904-olympic-games-st-louis-missouri-official-medals-badges/. Boykoff, Jules. Power Games: A Political History of the Olympics. Verso, 2016. DiMeo, Nate. “Olympic-Sized Racism.” Slate, August 21, 2008. https://slate.com/culture/2008/08/remembering-the-anthropology-days-at-the-1904-olympics.html. Holroyd, Steve. “Lacrosse at the 1904 Summer Olympics: Correcting the Record.” Crossecheck (blog), March 16, 2019. https://crossecheck.com/2019/03/16/lacrosse-at-the-1904-summer-olympics-correcting-the-record/. ISOH. “The Evolution of the Early Olympics,” n.d. https://isoh.org/cause-view/the-evolution-of-the-early-olympics/. Johnson, Walter. “The Largest Human Zoo in World History.” Roundtable (blog), April 14, 2020. https://www.laphamsquarterly.org/roundtable/largest-human-zoo-world-history. Kahler, Abbot, and Ellen Wexler. “How the 1904 Marathon Became One of the Weirdest Olympic Events of All Time.” Smithsonian Magazine, August 7, 2012. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-the-1904-marathon-became-one-of-the-weirdest-olympic-events-of-all-time-14910747/. Matthews, George R. America's First Olympics: The St. Louis Games of 1904. University of Missouri Press, 2018. Populous. “Populous Magazine | The Bizarre Tale of the 1904 St. Louis Marathon,” n.d. https://populous.com/article/the-bizarre-tale-of-the-1904-st-louis-marathon. Runner's World. “The Unbelievable True Story of the Craziest Olympic Marathon,” August 6, 2021. https://www.runnersworld.com/runners-stories/a37039437/1904-olympic-marathon/. Are you enjoying An Old Timey Podcast? Then please leave us a 5-star rating and review wherever you listen to podcasts! Are you *really* enjoying An Old Timey Podcast? Well, calm down, history ho! You can get more of us on Patreon at patreon.com/oldtimeypodcast. At the $5 level, you'll get a monthly bonus episode (with video!), access to our 90's style chat room, plus the entire back catalog of bonus episodes from Kristin's previous podcast, Let's Go To Court.

Au programme de cette Matinale :Le journal de la rédaction pour décrypter l'essentiel de l'actualité comptable, financière et extra-financièreLe dossier du mois avec notre invité, Alain Couret, associé de KPMG Avocats : “la loi Holroyd procède par comparaison : si on ne le fait pas, la France perd en attractivité !”

Too much, or not enough? A wide range of nutritional deficiencies and toxic exposures may cause spinal cord dysfunction. To make matters even more confusing, the clinical presentations for these disorders may overlap. In this episode, Teshamae Monteith, MD, FAAN, speaks with Kathryn Holroyd, MD, an author of the article “Metabolic and Toxic Myelopathies,” in the Continuum February 2024 Spinal Cord Disorders issue. Dr. Monteith is the associate editor of Continuum® Audio and an associate professor of clinical neurology at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine in Miami, Florida. Dr. Holroyd is an instructor in the Department of Neurology at Yale School of Medicine in New Haven, Connecticut. Additional Resources Read the article: Metabolic and Toxic Myelopathies Subscribe to Continuum: shop.lww.com/Continuum Earn CME (available only to AAN members): continpub.com/AudioCME Continuum® Aloud (verbatim audio-book style recordings of articles available only to Continuum® subscribers): continpub.com/Aloud More about the American Academy of Neurology: aan.com Social Media facebook.com/continuumcme @ContinuumAAN Host: @headacheMD Transcript  Full transcript available on Libsyn Dr Jones: This is Dr Lyell Jones, Editor-in-Chief of Continuum, the premier topic-based neurology clinical review and CME journal from the American Academy of Neurology. Thank you for joining us on Continuum Audio, a companion podcast to the journal. Continuum Audio features conversations with the guest editors and authors of Continuum, who are the leading experts in their fields. Subscribers to the Continuum journal can read the full article or listen to verbatim recordings of the article by visiting the link in the show notes. Subscribers also have access to exclusive audio content not featured on the podcast. As an ad-free journal entirely supported by subscriptions, if you're not already a subscriber, we encourage you to become one. For more information on subscribing, please visit the link in the show notes. AAN members, stay tuned after the episode to hear how you can get CME for listening. Dr Monteith: This is Dr Teshamae Monteith, Associate Editor of Continuum Audio. Today, I'm interviewing Dr Kathryn Holroyd on toxic metabolic myelopathies, which is part of the February Continuum issue on spinal cord disorders. Dr. Holroyd is an instructor in the Department of Neurology at Yale School of Medicine in New Haven, Connecticut. Katie, thank you so much for being with us on the podcast, and thank you so much for your excellent article. It was filled with a lot of really great tips. Dr Holroyd: Thank you - happy to be here. Dr. Monteith: I want to start off with knowing, how did you gain expertise in spinal cord diseases? Dr Holroyd: Yeah, I have a fairly diverse clinical background. My primary work now is as a neurohospitalist. But after residency training, I did two one-year fellowships: one in neuroimmunology and one in neuroinfectious diseases. I think, with those things together – you know, a lot of these, especially acute-onset myelopathies, tend to present inpatient for diagnosis – so, we see a lot of those in my hospital practice. Then, I think, specifically for toxic metabolic myelopathies - to identify these, you often have to know what it's not. So, my experience with some of the other autoimmune and infectious disorders really comes into play. Then finally, I kind of focused on global health work, which is why I primarily do neurohospitalist work - to allow for travel. I spent the past year working at a neuro HIV research site in Thailand, and I've done some work (mainly with education) in Zambia. But I've seen that, kind of, all how people's environments and local areas can really affect what disorders are more common, and I think it's really important to take that into account with especially this topic, as well. Dr Monteith: Well, your work in global health could be a whole other area, a whole other podcast that I would really want to record with you. But let's start with, what did you seek to accomplish when writing your article? Dr Holroyd: I think, when I was writing the article along with Dr. Berkowitz, the co-author, we really wanted to focus on things that would be clinically relevant, not just for neurologists, but for clinicians all over who may not have access to a subspecialist neurologist. We tried to focus less on metabolic pathways or disturbances and focus more on clinical pearls. I tried to think, “When I see these patients, what are the questions that I have that are not easily answerable from Google or UpToDate or a textbook? And how can we really use primary evidence to answer some of those questions? For example, what percent of patients with B12 deficiency actually have an abnormal MRI? Those are the things we were asking ourselves and, hopefully, that we were able to answer through the article. We focused on three main categories of toxic metabolic myelopathies, as you can see from the work. Dr Monteith: So, specifically, you've been writing about nutritional deficiencies, environmental and dietary toxins, drug abuse, medical illnesses, and oncological treatments. When you wrote your article and, comparing it to even, like, five or ten years ago, what has changed? Dr Holroyd: It's a great question because, I think, even when I started writing the article, it's easy to feel like not much has changed in these particular disorders. But if you go deeper, I think that's not the case. The main ways in which things have changed, I think, on the nutritional front, is there's been an increase in weight loss and weight-loss surgery, which is one of the main contributors to all nutritional deficiencies. The second main category is - in some of these toxic myelopathies - is the increasing rates of drug use, particularly heroin, which we talk about in detail in the article. Additionally, along those lines, with climate change - we often don't think about the way that climate change can really affect disorders that are related to nutrition or the way that certain foods are prepared, especially with increasing rates of drought, and that really relates to konzo. Finally, there's been great advances in the treatment of all sorts of cancers, particularly with immunologic therapy. The one immunologic complication we talk about is with immune checkpoint inhibitors, and I think there's been a huge increase in clinicians seeing these as complications of checkpoint inhibition. So, those are the three main ways that I think these have evolved in the past decade. Dr Monteith: Great. You spoke about your interest in clinical pearls - can you describe some essential points that you wanted readers to take away with when diagnosing and managing patients that are presenting with myelopathies thought to be due to toxic or metabolic etiologies? Dr Holroyd: Yeah, and a lot of these are so different it's hard to find overarching themes, but I think there are a few that come through in the article. The first is that a lot - not all, but a lot - of these are reversible. Diagnosing them early is important and can really make a difference in patient outcomes. The second is a real clinical principle of all neurology that I learned from Dr Berkowitz, my co-author - is that neurology really is time course and localization. Amongst these, I think it's important to look at the time course, whether it's acute or subacute, and the location in the cord, whether it's a subacute combined degeneration or a more dorsal-column-only-predominant myelopathy - that can help you narrow the differential. A couple other small things is that, overall, these toxic myelopathies tend to be more thoracic cord-predominant and affect the legs more than the arms. In the majority of cases, the MRI will actually be normal, which is a big difference from a lot of the other autoimmune or infectious myelopathies. I think those are some main takeaways. And finally, you really have to be careful when you're interpreting the lab tests and make sure that the clinical picture fits with the lab tests that you're measuring - for example, the vitamin or other cause - and make sure that you really are correlating the diagnosis with that test. Then, I think the cause of the deficiency will affect your treatment choice; whether you're dosing supplements orally or IV, and what dose you choose - those are the major things to take into account. Dr Monteith: I really like what you say because, I think, as neurologists, we are always thinking about localization, localization, localization, but that time course also matters for a number of diseases. Dr Holroyd: And to that point, I think the clinical diagnosis is particularly important in resource-limited settings, where advanced diagnostics, such as MRI or lumbar puncture, may not be available. For example, konzo - the WHO has very clear clinical criteria of how to define this disorder, given that in most of the regions where cassava root is primarily eaten, there are not these diagnostics. I think we can apply that globally or even in our own practice in areas of the US or other places - to really rely on your clinical judgment and the time course and the localization of the biolopathy[IG1] . Dr Monteith: Yeah. What was that like when you were practicing in Zambia? Dr Holroyd: I worked primarily with Dr Deanna Saylor, who is there funding and working with neurology residents, and we would see a wide variety of clinical cases but have very little real-time information. So, I really admire the residents who train and work in Zambia and have to make clinical decisions with very little information. In those settings, the history – so, asking people about recent ingestions, any drugs, diet at home, any exposures that might cause increased risk of these conditions - is very important. And sometimes you have to rely on empiric treatments, such as vitamin B12, in cases where you may not be able to send for those tests - especially more specific tests, such as methylmalonic acid or homocysteine. Dr Monteith: With your hospitalist experience, can you think of some cases, or like, one case that stands out that made you lose sleep at night, that you cracked the puzzle? Just so that we have this on our radar. Dr Holroyd: Yeah, I think that there's some more unusual causes of toxic myelopathies. We saw a young woman who came in with a very acute, very severe myelopathy after studying for a test. She had a dorsal column-predominant hyperintensity, but all of her other diagnostics - lumbar puncture, everything else - was completely normal. We weren't really thinking of nutritional deficiencies because it was such an acute onset in such a young woman; we are really thinking this must be autoimmune or something else. And it actually came out that she had been ingesting whippets – so, inhaled nitric oxide, which came out a bit later in the history. And we checked for a B12, which was very low, and it turned out to be a nitric oxide-induced vitamin B12 myelopathy, which can be seen but is relatively rare and really stuck out in my mind. Thankfully, she made a full recovery with the supplementation of vitamin B12 and cessation of drug use. Dr Monteith: Wow, that is an impressive story. I'm glad that was on your mind and you figured it out. Dr Holroyd: Thanks. Yeah - team effort. Dr Monteith: What should we take away about nutritional deficiencies? Dr Holroyd: Nutritional myelopathies – I think there are kind of the four main ones that we speak about in the article - vitamin B12, folate, vitamin E and copper - and I think these really have more similarities than differences. They all present clinically very similarly, with the subacute combined degeneration of the cord (the dorsal columns and the corticospinal tracts) - that's going to give you, basically, spasticity and upper motor neuron signs, as well as sensory symptoms (loss of vibration and proprioception). Weakness can be a part of it, but that's usually a bit later in the course. Secondly, they all have similar diagnostics. As I mentioned, the MRI is going to be normal in over 50% of cases of all of these, but when it's abnormal, generally they'll be a T2/FLAIR hyperintensity in the dorsal column, and that will be the most common finding. Often, we don't have a lot of lumbar puncture data from these conditions, but generally, when lumbar puncture is performed, it will be relatively normal or noninflammatory. So, those are some of the similarities. Some of the differences are the risk factors. Vitamin B12 - the risks are going to be mainly bariatric surgery, a vegan diet, or autoimmune pernicious anemia. Folate deficiency from nutritional causes is very rare, so that's usually going to come from someone with an increased folate requirement (sickle cell anemia or certain hematologic malignancies). Vitamin E often comes from malabsorption, as seen in cystic fibrosis, or abetalipoproteinemia, or hepatobiliary disorders. And then finally, copper generally comes from gastric surgeries or from excessive zinc intake, the classic example of being denture cream. I think one way to differentiate these is by looking at the person's risk factors. Finally, I think I tried to categorize them in my head in a few different ways with clues that might give you a specific clue. So, if someone comes in with a subacute myelopathy and they also have a macrocytic anemia, that would push you more towards vitamin B12 or folate. However, if they're presenting with a myeloneuropathy (so, that's upper motor neuron signs) but also a peripheral neuropathy on exam, you might think more vitamin B12 or copper. Then finally, if someone comes in with a myelopathy as well as ataxia, you might think more likely vitamin E deficiency. Those are some ways to categorize these that may otherwise appear very similar. But I think, at the end of the day, and someone with a subacute myelopathy and a nutritional risk factor, you'll end up sending all four of these blood tests to evaluate for appropriate treatment. Dr Monteith: Well, let's move on to climate change. It's not often that we see climate change in a neurology article, but yet it's a thing that affects patients. Can you talk about konzo? I wasn't familiar with the term before reading your article, so thank you. Dr Holroyd: Yeah, it's one of these that we debated - should we include this in the article (because it is relatively rare). But I think it is important to keep a global perspective. Konzo and lathyrism are the two nutritional toxic myelopathies that we talk about, but I'll just focus on konzo for brevity. This occurs in populations that rely on the cassava root for nutrition and generally occurs in times of drought, and that's because drought increases the cyanide content in the cassava root. After higher rates of ingestion, especially in people with protein malnutrition (so, a lot of children and young women), you can actually get a toxic myelopathy from cyanide. And the mechanism is not totally understood, but it tends to be quite acute onset, primarily with spasticity, impaired gait, and weakness. It will self-stabilize, but there really is no way to improve symptoms after it's occurred. It is relatively permanent. There really isn't a lot of data on MRI findings or CSF findings, but the few case reports that have been published, they tend to be normal. I think what's important is that there are very easy public health interventions to prevent these toxicities – so, by simply increasing the wetting time of the cassava root (so, soaking it for longer), you can reduce the cyanide content and really effectively prevent this condition. So, I think the big picture takeaway that can be connected to a lot of other neurologic disorders globally is that we need to be aware of how climate change will affect our environment - and dietary changes, environmental exposures - and focus on early public health interventions to prevent these. So, how can we help prevent these rather than treat them once they happen. Dr Monteith: Are we seeing more of it, or is it just better diagnosed? Dr Holroyd: There's not great public health data on the rates throughout areas. It (so far) has only been reported in the African continent. There have been increases and decreases in numbers based on, I think, both the climate (so, times of drought or worse, malnutrition), but also, I think the reporting - I think it fluctuates not only with the weather but also with the amount of ability to publish on cases. So, I don't think we have a good grasp on whether, globally, their rates of konzo or lathyrism are increasing or not. Dr Monteith: Then, heroin - we have to talk about heroin, right? It's just simply remarkable that close to a million individuals in the US over the age of twelve use heroin in 2020. So, now you just have to talk to us about heroin myelopathy because it's something that we could see. Dr Holroyd: Absolutely. It's not something that I think most clinicians are familiar with as the complication of heroin use. But I'm sure that heroin touches all of our lives as clinicians in any field. There are two types of myelopathy related to heroin. There can be a slower, subacute myelopathy with chronic use. But what's more common, actually, is in people who have a long history of heroin use and then abstain for days to weeks and then use heroin again. This causes a very acute-onset longitudinal myelopathy that often has MRI abnormalities as well and can affect both the cervical and the thoracic cord and be quite severe, affecting all modalities (sensation as well as weakness). The mechanism really is not well understood for this and, therefore, the treatments really aren't well understood, either. Some case reports have trialed IV corticosteroids, but really, there's an unclear benefit for this. Most people will regain some recovery of function, but often it's not full recovery, and some may have no recovery. I think the follow-up question to this is, as we see the composition of drugs change – so, now there's a predominance of fentanyl, actually, whereas most of these case reports were from more traditional heroin. I was actually looking into it - this isn't covered in the article - but there has been one case report in 2019 about fentanyl use in someone who primarily used heroin, was abstinent for eight days but continued to use fentanyl patch, and developed an acute-onset, severe cervical myelopathy quite similar to this traditional heroin myelopathy. So, it seems like fentanyl will probably still have the same risks, but it's slightly less well understood at this point. Dr Monteith: And important also for chronic pain – just, like, poorly managed chronic pain that we might see, as you do during a hospital consultation. Dr Holroyd: Absolutely, yes - especially because this was from a fentanyl patch itself. Dr Monteith: Great. So, why don't you wrap up the most important clinical takeaways from your article? Dr Holroyd: I think one takeaway that we haven't really focused on is that, actually, most of the primary literature on a lot of these topics, especially the nutritional topics, are twenty to thirty years old, and I think updated case series would really inform clinical practice. When it came down to it, actually - folate deficiency - we really only found four to five case reports in all the literature, which I really think is disproportionate to how much we learned about it in medical school and residency. I think, really, a better understanding of (in this era) what the prevalence of these disorders are, how they're presenting, and effective treatments, is really needed. I think that a lot of the exciting work will also occur in the field of oncology, with new treatments, with immune checkpoint inhibitors, and better understanding of how we can mitigate the risks of neurologic complications while still allowing patients the benefit of their cancer treatment. So, I think diagnosing toxic metabolic myelopathies early is very important. And in someone with a subacute, or even acute myelopathy without a clear cause, you should really delve into nutritional, drug use, demographics (kind of, where they're from) - all of these things that we often don't take time to do on history but might be more important in these cases because a lot of them are treatable - it's really important to get to those risk factors early on. I think that's what I would like clinicians to take away from our article. Dr Monteith: Well, I think the article is fully packed with a lot of clinical tips - important tips - but a lot of public health relevance in a really special way that it was written. Any exciting breakthroughs that you're excited about or use of technologies to advance this area? Dr Holroyd: Right now, there really aren't a lot of novel technologies in these areas, or diagnostics. I think, in the future, with some of the more cancer-related radiotherapies or intrathecal chemotherapies, the neuro-oncologists and oncologists will really be at the forefront of minimizing these toxicities. Again, I really think that's where a lot of the more advanced diagnostics will come into play. For the others, I think it's really about early diagnosis and public health awareness, especially as it relates to heroin myelopathy in the US. Dr Monteith: Well, excellent, and thank you for being a part of that public health awareness. Thank you for being on the podcast. Dr Holroyd: Thank you. Thank you so much for having me. Dr Monteith: Thank you, Dr Holroyd for joining me on Continuum Audio. Again, today we've been interviewing Dr Kathryn Holroyd, whose article on toxic metabolic myelopathies appears in the most recent issue of Continuum, on spinal cord disorders. Be sure to check out Continuum Audio podcasts from this and other issues, and thank you to our listeners for joining today. Dr. Monteith: This is Dr Teshamae Monteith, Associate Editor of Continuum Audio. If you've enjoyed this episode, please consider subscribing to the journal. There's a link in the episode notes. We'd also appreciate you following the podcast and rating or reviewing it. AAN members: go to the link in the episode notes and complete the evaluation to get CME for this episode. Thank you for listening to Continuum Audio.

Jules Holroyd is a Senior Lecturer in Philosophy at the University of Sheffield. Her teaching and research focuses on understanding the nature of, and addressing, injustices. In this conversation, she turns her attention to praise.Philosophers have given a lot of attention to blame in the past, but not so much to praise. This might be because praise looks fairly unproblematic on the whole. Praising people is nice! It boosts people's self-confidence, strengthens social bonds, and if we occasionally praise people who don't deserve our praise, who cares? According to Jules Holroyd, a philosopher working at the University of Sheffield, while this attitude is probably right overall, there can be instances in which we praise people in ways that are morally problematic, harmful even, and we should be on the lookout for these cases. In this conversation, we talked about some of the moral norms that govern praise - when it is and isn't appropriate to praise someone - and in particular we looked at the ways in which our acts of praising can signal a commitment to wider social norms, some of which we might not want to endorse.Jules's paper which forms the basis of this conversation is here:Holroyd, J. (2021) Oppressive Praise. Feminist Philosophy Quarterly. https://ojs.lib.uwo.ca/index.php/fpq/article/view/13967She also has this more recent paper on praise: Holroyd, J. (2023) Proleptic praise: a social function analysis. Noûs. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nous.12482 Here are some of the papers Jules refers to in the episode:Coates, Justin. (2019). Gratitude and Resentment: Some Asymmetries. In R. Roberts & D. Telech (Eds.) The Moral Psychology of Gratitude(pp. 160–175). London: Rowman & Littlefield.Jeppsson, S., & Brandenburg, D. (2022). Patronizing Praise. The Journal of Ethics, 26, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10892-022-09409-2 Khader, S., & Lindauer, M. (2020). The “Daddy Dividend”: The Gender Division of Labour and Regression Towards Patriarchy.APA Newsletter on Feminism and Philosophy,19(2), 6–8. https://cdn.ymaws.com/www.apaonline.org/ resource/collection/D03EBDAB-82D7-4B28-B897-C050FDC1ACB4/FeminismV19n2.pdfLippert-Rasmussen, K. (2022). Praising without standing. The Journal of Ethics, 26,229–246. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10892-021-09374-2 Shoemaker, D., & Vargas, M. (2019). Moral torch fishing: A signaling theory of blame. Noûs, 55, 581–602. https:// doi.org/10.1111/nous.12316 Ethics Untangled is produced by the IDEA Ethics Centre at the University of Leeds.Twitter: @EthicsUntangledFacebook: https://www.facebook.com/ideacetlLinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/idea-ethics-centre/

THIS IS IT! The season 5 finale of Haunted Mitten! We welcome long-time friend of the pod Dan Holroyd of Southern Michigan Paranormals (now SMP) and the Paranormal Notebook Podcast on Unrestricted Paranormal on to talk about Kalamazoo! He's the expert, and talking to him is always a blast. Be sure to check out all his projects, including Ghostorama!  THANK YOU To Lyn B Designs and Chapters Tea and Coffee for sponsoring this season of Haunted Mitten! If YOU would like to sponsor us, email contacthauntedmitten@gmail.com! We love small businesses and local artists! We will be at SEVERAL live events this year! Our first is Chicago Steampunk Expo in April! Come see us talk about the lesser known ghosts of the windy city! 

In this end of 2023 episode, I'm talking to Amy Twigger Holroyd, who is Associate Professor of Fashion and Sustainability at Nottingham School of Art & Design, and in her previous life was a knitwear designer and innovator. We go back quite a long way to my early days as a designer maker and the retail markets world that we both used to work in. What connected us in those early days was a belief in the need for textiles practices to be sustainable and for making to be recognised as a vital life skill. We could both talk about these for ever, but we tried to keep it short and focus on Amy's project Fashion Fictions and where our fascinations and ways of working and sharing cross over.   Read more: https://ruthsinger.com/2023/12/13/making-meaning-podcast-episode-37-with-amy-twigger-holroyd/ Find Your Focus course, Membership and Mentoring are all here: https://ruthsinger.podia.com/ Support the podcast with a donation or subscription ruthsinger.com/podcast-fundraiser Keep in touch by joining my email list ruthsinger.com/email Get a copy of Making Meaning Journal ruthsinger.com/journal Find more episodes at ruthsinger.com/podcast

Our guest for this episode of The WeWhale Pod is David C. Holroyd, dolphin trainer turned animal activist. Manchester-born David shares the unexpected way that he became a dolphin show presenter and, soon after, a trainer in the 1970s. He also talks about the special connection he developed with two bottlenose dolphins, Herbie and Duchess, and why he has been campaigning for many years to make sure whale and dolphin shows around the world are shut down forever. He also explains the Atlantean mind connection with dolphins and what that feels like. David and his sister Tracy have written The Perfect Pair Dolphin Trilogy,  a true story and a damning exposé of the captive cetacean industry. You can buy a copy at the links below: https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/B08XKLNF3Y?ref_=dbs_p_pwh_rwt_anx_b_lnk&storeType=ebookshttps://www.theperfectpairdolphintrilogy.com/store/c1/Featured_Products.htmlhttps://www.kobo.com/gb/en/search?query=David+C+HolroydFind out more about WeWhale at wewhale.co and follow us on Instagram, Twitter, Facebook and LinkedIn.

As a machine tool builder, Rochdale-based PTG Holroyd is regarded as a world leader in the creation of highly sophisticated rotor milling, rotor grinding and friction stir welding machines. With three divisions in the company, each with a highly sophisticated niche, the manufacturer has further evolved its longstanding partnership with Siemens following the arrival of a new CNC control system for its machine tools. As a business, Holroyd has been producing machines in Greater Manchester since 1860 and is a world leader in the design, build and supply of high-precision gear, rotor, screw and thread milling and grinding machines for the manufacture of ultra-precise helical components - and it is here that the relationship with Siemens is reaping rewards. Commenting upon the evolution of the relationship, PTG Holroyd Sales Director, Mr Mark Curran says: “We have worked together with Siemens for more than 25 years. When we discussed with Siemens that we were creating a new design of machine, they informed us that there was a new control system coming to market.” The new machine development is the PTG Holroyd HG350-G helical grinding centre for the production of gears and threads up to 350mm in diameter. The first machine tool from PTG Holroyd to use Siemens' new SINUMERIK ONE future-proof CNC, the HG350-G offers greater levels of flexibility for manufacturers of precision spur gears, helical gears, worms, screws and rotors. The HG350-G is a self-contained production cell that features an extended machine bed to accommodate screws and worm shafts of up to one metre in length with uncompromising levels of precision finish. “When we discussed with Siemens that we were creating a new design of machine, they informed us of the new control and we decided it was a good time to partner with Siemens with the SINUMERIK ONE control,” says Mark Curran. Looking at the reasons for working with Siemens, Wayne Hallam, a Project Engineer at PTG Holroyd says: “We chose to work with Siemens because of the support that they give us. Additionally, the system enables us to combine many different software suites into one package - as it is a modular system. With the power of the Siemens Digital Twin ‘Create MyVirtual Machine', it is easy to commission all software packages off-line and then prove them on our machines once they are built.” Create MyVirtual Machine is a virtual CNC with behaviour identical to that of an actual CNC within the machine. Not to be underestimated, a CNC is adapted to a particular machine tool based on several thousand items of machine data - and this is where many simulation suppliers fall down. As CNCs in their software solutions only simulate to a sufficiently accurate degree, the testing of CNC programs is only possible to a limited extent - and the measurement of runtimes is impossible. Create MyVirtual Machine from Siemens has a clear advantage, as CNC programs are tested with exactly the same CNC setup as in the machine. This enables the CNC program runtime to be measured with an accuracy above 90%. As Mark Curran continues: “We wanted to future-proof the machine because of the software we are developing. Our platform enables multiple suites of software on the machine, so we needed a very powerful system. Currently, SINUMERIK ONE is the most powerful control on the market.” Discussing this future-proofing, Siemens Application Engineer Garry Mepham says: “It's future-proofed because we offer enhanced connectivity possibilities with additional PROFINET interfaces, OPC/UA interfaces and increased performance. We can do this as the CNC is now up to 50% more powerful than the previous control and the PLC is 10 times faster. This is thanks to the newly integrated state-of-the-art 1500 PLC. SINUMERIK ONE boasts compatibility with previous versions, so from an operator point of view it is very familiar - it's just the interface that is slightly enhanced. It still boasts all of the open architecture and possibilities that people come to know with Siemens and this leads to the possibility to program modular design concepts that are important to modern machine tool builders and their concepts. SINUMERIK ONE also boasts increased security in terms of the connectivity between the networking components in the system and the HMI on a control panel as well as external devices such as servers, PCs and the internet with completely encrypted security that is certified for the modern environment.” As Mark Curran continues: “With previous machine tool developments, we have had to have the machine on the shop floor to start the software development. With the ‘Create MyVirtual Machine', we have been able to almost completely create all of the software and the PLC software before the physical machine becomes available. This has reduced the lead time significantly.” Siemens Application Engineer Garry Mepham adds to this, saying: “The digital twin forms part of the many digitalisation offerings Siemens has. In the case of SINUMERIK ONE, we have two products. These are ‘Create MyVirtual Machine' and ‘Run MyVirtual Machine'. Create MyVirtual Machine is aimed at the machine tool builder and Run MyVirtual Machine has been developed for the end-user of the machines. With the digital twin, the key features of Create MyVirtual Machine are the ability to test the concept remotely through to safely develop and test the reaction, should a fault occur on the machine. This enables users to speed up the commissioning process by up to 30% if not more.” “For the end-users utilising Run MyVirtual Machine, they can verify their toolpaths and machining processes by running this software package. This system gives operators confidence that when they verify a toolpath, they have a very accurate representation of the cycle time. This enables the user to be confident that when it is issued to the physical machine, the part is right the first time with no collision risk. Using SINUMERIK ONE in conjunction with Create MyVirtual Machine or Run MyVirtual Machine, some of the key benefits include a significant saving on resources. For example, we can do our testing, verification and development in a virtual environment rather than in a real machine, so energy efficiencies and cost savings are there to be made. These help machine tool builders achieve their sustainability goals whilst compressing product development.” Concluding on the SINUMERIK ONE and its relationship with Siemens, PTG Holroyd Sales Director, Mr Mark Curran concludes: “The HG350-G doesn't only bring new levels of flexibility to our customers but with the Siemens Sinumerik ONE control system – it represents a new era for machine tool manufacturing.”

MERCH AVAILABLE NOW - spreadnegativitypod.com #93 The Spread Negativity Podcast brought to you by Northern comedians Aaron Wood & Liam Tuffy. There's a lot of stuff online to grab your attention so if you've made it this far and are reading this then we're very grateful. The podcast is dead good and we hope you enjoy it Follow the podcast and us on social media or else: Spread Negativity https://www.instagram.com/spreadnegativitypod/ https://twitter.com/SNegativityPod https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100076345257311 Aaron Wood https://www.instagram.com/aaronwoodcomedy/ https://twitter.com/AaronWoodComedy https://www.facebook.com/AaronWoodComedy Liam Tuffy https://www.instagram.com/liamtuffycomedy/ https://twitter.com/LiamTuffyComedy https://www.facebook.com/liamtuffycomedy/Dogs

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.06.30.547163v1?rss=1 Authors: Wientjes, S., Holroyd, C. B. Abstract: Humans have the ability to craft abstract, temporally extended and hierarchically organized plans. For instance, when considering how to make spaghetti for dinner, we typically concern ourselves with useful "subgoals" in the task, such as cutting onions, boiling pasta, and cooking a sauce, rather than particulars such as how many cuts to make to the onion, or exactly which muscles to contract. A core question is how such decomposition of a more abstract task into logical subtasks happens in the first place. Previous research has shown that humans are sensitive to a form of hierarchical statistical learning named "community structure". Community structure is a common feature of abstract tasks characterized by a logical ordering of subtasks. This structure can be captured by a model where humans learn predictions of upcoming events multiple steps into the future, discounting predictions of events further away in time. One such model is the "successor representation", which has been argued to be useful for hierarchical abstraction. As of yet, no study has convincingly shown that this hierarchical abstraction can be put to use for goal-directed behavior. Here, we investigate whether participants utilize learned community structure to craft hierarchically informed action plans for goal-directed behavior. Participants were asked to search for paintings in a virtual museum, where the paintings were grouped together in "wings" representing community structure in the museum. We find that participants' choices accord with the hierarchical structure of the museum and that their response times are best predicted by a successor representation. The degree to which the response times reflect the community structure of the museum correlates with several measures of performance, including the ability to craft temporally abstract action plans. These results suggest that successor representation learning subserves hierarchical abstractions relevant for goal-directed behavior. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

We welcome good friend and paranormal expert Danny Holroyd. Danny had years of paranormal experience. Join us as we discuss the paranormal, ghostarama, and so much more! What Goes Bump In The Night has just partnered with dubby.gg DUBBY is an energy drink loaded with vitamins and nootropics. We formulated DUBBY for anyone who wants to focus without jitters or a crash. Just mix one rounded scoop with 6-8oz of cold water and shake! Unlike other energy drinks in our category, we pride ourselves on actually developing a clean energy formula that is free from fillers, maltodextrin, and artificial colorings. https://www.dubby.gg/discount/WHATGOE... Use discount code: WHATGOESBUMP and receive 10% off at check out! #bebetter ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Thank you Night Crew for all of your support! Linktree: https://linktr.ee/whatgoesbumpinthenight Shop What Goes Bump: https://what-goes-bump-in-the-night.m... Youtube: / @whatgoesbumpinth... Tiktok whatgoesbumpin_thenight Twitter: @Whatgoesbumpod Instagram @whatgoesbumppod CashApp: $Whatgoesbump Venmo: @Whatgoesbump Email Whatgoesbumppodcast@gmail.coml

TICKETS FOR AARON'S WIP SHOWS - https://linktr.ee/aaronwoodcomedy MERCH AVAILABLE NOW - spreadnegativitypod.com #66 The Spread Negativity Podcast brought to you by Northern comedians Aaron Wood & Liam Tuffy. There's a lot of stuff online to grab your attention so if you've made it this far and are reading this then we're very grateful. The podcast is dead good and we hope you enjoy it Follow the podcast and us on social media or else: Spread Negativity https://www.instagram.com/spreadnegativitypod/ https://twitter.com/SNegativityPod https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100076345257311 Aaron Wood https://www.instagram.com/aaronwoodcomedy/ https://twitter.com/AaronWoodComedy https://www.facebook.com/AaronWoodComedy Liam Tuffy https://www.instagram.com/liamtuffycomedy/ https://twitter.com/LiamTuffyComedy https://www.facebook.com/liamtuffycomedy/

On this episode we welcome in Danny Holroyd of Southern Michigan Paranormals (SMP) to discuss the pros and cons of paranormal investigation techniques and technology. We also discuss the Ghostorama events Danny is putting on. One event is June 3rd 2023 at Eden Springs Park in Benton Harbor, MI as well one at the Van Buren Poorhouse later in the summer. Make sure to check out the YouTube home for the Grand Rapids Ghost Hunters Podcast and other great paranormal videos at https://www.youtube.com/c/HoezeeParanormalHistoryProductions

On this episode we welcome in Danny Holroyd of Southern Michigan Paranormals to discuss his paranormal investigations over the including the Henderson Castle in Kalamazoo, MI. Make sure to check out the YouTube home for the Grand Rapids Ghost Hunters Podcast and other great paranormal videos at https://www.youtube.com/c/HoezeeParanormalHistoryProductions

Whatallergy.com is one of the Top UK allergy blogs, written by Ruth Holroyd to encourage people to question and learn about their life-affecting condition.   Ruth is an allergy and eczema expert, leaning into her passion for advocacy. During the Covid lockdown, Ruth wrote her first book, "Anaphylaxis: The Essential Guide: An Action Plan For Living With Life-Threatening Allergies." She wanted to help others living with life-threatening allergies. She followed it up with her second book, "The Shape of Skin - Sensitive, Striking and Moving Poetry for People with Eczema." A better way of healing, seeing, and treating eczema skin is her hope for the future. Ruth also used this time to withdraw from topical steroids. She used topical steroids for over 40 years to treat her eczema. They damaged her skin, immune system, and internal organs. Ruth is severely allergic to nuts, peanuts, milk, celery, and soya and has suffered numerous anaphylactic reactions. The knowledge that you could die from a severe allergic reaction can severely limit your life and has caused her crippling anxiety.   Ruth shares her stress and fear from the threat of anaphylaxis.  She shares practical tips, advice, and guidance to help you survive and thrive with severe allergies. 

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.02.10.527994v1?rss=1 Authors: Baker, D. H., Marinova, D., Aveyard, R., Hargreaves, L. J., Renton, A., Castellani, R., Hall, P., Harmens, M., Holroyd, G., Nicholson, B., Williams, E. L., Hobson, H. M., Wade, A. R. Abstract: For decades, neural suppression in early visual cortex has been thought to be fixed. But recent work has challenged this assumption by showing that suppression can be reweighted based on recent history; when pairs of stimuli are repeatedly presented together, suppression between them strengthens. Here we investigate the temporal dynamics of this process using a steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) paradigm that provides a time-resolved, direct index of suppression between pairs of stimuli flickering at different frequencies (5 and 7Hz). Our initial analysis of an existing EEG dataset (N=100) indicated that suppression increases substantially during the first 2-5 seconds of stimulus presentation (with some variation across stimulation frequency). We then collected new EEG data (N=100) replicating this finding for both monocular and dichoptic mask arrangements in a preregistered study designed to measure reweighting. A third experiment (N=20) used source localized MEG, and found that these effects are apparent in primary visual cortex (V1), consistent with results from neurophysiological work. Because long-standing theories propose inhibition/excitation differences in autism, we also compared reweighting between individuals with high vs low autistic traits, and with and without an autism diagnosis, across our 3 data sets (total N=220). We find no compelling differences in reweighting that are associated with autism. Our results support the normalization reweighting model, and indicate that for prolonged stimulation, increases in suppression occur on the order of 2-5 seconds after stimulus onset. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

CEO and Co-Founder of Spiritus Systems, Adam Holroyd joins Nathan and B.R to talk gear, government, freedom and plenty more this episode! Adam and the lads touch on how Spiritus came to be, the mess that is the US government gear acquisition process, what the attitude is towards individually purchased vs issued kit looks like on the non-SOF side of the military, the defiant culture within the US, Adam gets spicy on the Canada gun ban, the War on Terror coming home and the guys talk the present day circumstances of police interaction, where Nathan should flee to in the States and much more! Links mentioned in this episode: Follow Adam on IG here! Check out Spiritus Systems on IG here! Check out our Patreon here to support what we do and get insider perks! Follow the lads on IG: https://www.instagram.com/cbrnart/?hl=en Follow the lads on Twitter: https://twitter.com/CBRNDad Check out our sponsors: Use code: ARTANDWAR10 for $10 off an SMU Belt at AWSin.com Check out our new sponsor OTTE Gear.com! Check out our link tree for the rest of our stuff!

United States v. Wayne Holroyd

Alexandre Holroyd est le député des Français du Royaume-Uni, d'Irlande, des pays baltes et de Scandinavie, réélu en 2022, le jeune parlementaire a été choisi, le 09 septembre 2022, pour présider la Caisse des dépôts et consignations française (CDC). On l'a rencontré quelques heures après la cérémonie à Londres en l'honneur d'Elizabeht II. A Londres, entre passé cordial et amitié renouvelée Le Royaume-Uni a dit adieu à la reine Elizabeth II ce lundi 19 septembre. Ces funérailles d'Etat, surnommées les funérailles du siècle par la presse anglaise, sont les premières depuis la mort de Winston Churchill. Emmanuel Macron et son épouse était, bien naturellement présent. Nous revenons dans les premières minutes de l'interview sur l'émotion mondiale qui s'explique pour Alexandre Holroyd par la place de l'ancienne monarque du Royaume-Uni dans notre histoire. "Il y a une telle émotion mondiale car il y a le sentiment qu'une page de l'Histoire mondiale se tourne"Alexandre Holroyd - député des Français du Royaume-Uni, d'Irlande, des pays baltes et de ScandinavieL'occasion pour nous de l'interroger sur les nouvelles pages de l'amitié franco-britannique qu'il reste à écrire alors que Liz Truss occupe désormais le 10 Downing Street. Membre des conservateurs, la nouvelle première ministre est connue pour ses positions francophobes. Une politique qui ne tiendra pas sur le long terme pour le député des Français de Grande-Bretagne, ce fin connaisseur des relations avec nos pays nous explique dans le podcast pourquoi, malgré le Brexit, la France partage toujours un destin commun avec son voisin. "Si on regarde l'Histoire, avec un grand H, il n'y a qu'une conclusion c'est que nos pays ont vocation à être des alliés dans le XXIème siècle"Alexandre Holroyd - député des Français du Royaume-Uni, d'Irlande, des pays baltes et de ScandinavieL'inflation au coeur du quotidien des Européens Evoquant la situation du Royaume-Uni, on ne pouvait faire l'impasse sur l'inflation qui ravage ce pays mais pas seulement. Comme nous le rappelle, Alexandre Holroyd, l'inflation touche tous les pays de sa circonscription comme les autres pays occidentaux."Il y a une reprise de l'inflation brutale, avec des taux de 20% comme aux pays baltes, avec 25%; ce qui est un bouleversement du modèle économique que nous connaissons depuis 20-30 ans"Alexandre Holroyd - député des Français du Royaume-Uni, d'Irlande, des pays baltes et de ScandinavieAvec le député macroniste, on fait le point sur les mesures prises en France et dont peuvent bénéficier les expatriés qui ont encore des liens forts avec notre pays tout en évoquant les limites de l'aide que peut apporter la France à ses citoyens éparpillés dans le monde. La Caisse des dépôts et consignations Glissant de l'inflation à la macro-économie, nous abordons dans la dernière partie du podcast, le nouveau mandat pour lequel, Alexandre Holroyd a été élu le 09 septembre, la présidence de la Commission nationale de surveillance de la Caisse des dépôts et consignations (CDC). La suite sur le site Lesfrancais.press 

CHARLES III : UN AMI DE LA FRANCE ? – 12/09/22 ALEXANDRE HOLROYD Député franco-britannique Renaissance pour l'Europe du Nord Président du groupe d'amitié France - Royaume-Uni Des dizaines de milliers de personnes se sont massées ce dimanche le long des routes écossaises pour saluer le cercueil d'Elizabeth II, qui a quitté le domaine de Balmoral pour rejoindre Edimbourg, entamant son dernier voyage jusqu'à ses funérailles nationales à Londres. La mort de la reine Elizabeth II a provoqué une vive émotion dans l'ensemble des pays du monde. De la France à l'Afrique du Sud, de Kiev à Tokyo, en passant par l'Inde et Cuba, de nombreux chefs d'État ont tenu à lui rendre hommage. Le monde du sport est également à l'arrêt en Grande Bretagne, où la Première League de football, le Tour cycliste, des épreuves de golf, de cricket, de rugby, ainsi que des courses hippiques ont été suspendus. Si les réactions suite au décès de la Reine Elisabeth II ont été internationales, la chercheuse Isabelle Baudino, spécialiste de la civilisation britannique estime qu'"il y avait un grand attachement à la reine, moins à la monarchie". Axel de Tarlé reviendra sur ces relations spéciales entre la France et le Royaume-Uni avec son invité Alexandre Holroyd.

Making Meaning Live was a fantastic online event in July 2022 created by Ruth Singer. The event brought together creative people to talk about the meaning behind what they make with a live audience. The next three episodes of the podcast are highlights of the programme - the bits that work without images and video. This episode includes Amy Twigger Holroyd talking about Fashion Fictions with participants Wendy Ward, Ruhee Das Chowdhury and Kate Harper, a conversation between textile artists Claire Wellesley-Smith & Lokesh Ghai and artist-maker Charlie Birtles talking about thinking practice. Find out more at ruthsinger.com/podcast

St Peter's Church Pipe Organ talk and recital by David Holroyd. This is one of the talks at St Peters for Heritage Week 275 years - Celebrated in 2022. Thanks to Cannon Reverend Anne Taylor for allowing Formby Podcast to publish from recordings taken from St Peters Church. Thank you to David Holroyd for sending Formby Podcast the recording. If you have a story and you'd like us to tell it for you or you'd like us to record you telling you a story or you have a talent. Contact us formbypodcast@gmail.com #formby #stpeters #hertitageweek #sing #joanrimmer #localhistory #story #chat #sing #universityofliverpool #university #1746 #history #sallysheard #bbc #timesradio #modernhistory #localhistory #ukhistory #socialhistory #microfilm #formbytimes

A couple weeks ago we got the pleasure to sit down and have a discussion Peter Holroyd - Kingsbarns Distillery Manager. Peter is the man behind the stills there are Kingsbarns and is honestly one of the most down to earth people I have met in that position. Tune in to learn more about Peter's journey and what sets Kingsbarns apart.

Joining us on this podcast were former Leeds players Francis Cummins + Graham Holroyd. They talk us through their careers and answer your questions too. Enjoy!

Pontus and Jen discuss the challenges technology suppliers face when selling technology. Listen to find out what was the worst business meeting Jen has ever attended.

Fresh off his appearance on last month's Year-End Holiday Roundtable Spectacular, fellow defunct sports enthusiast Steve Holroyd returns to the show for a dive into the deep end of the "forgotten sports" pool, with a look back at the little-remembered, but ahead-of-its-time Pro Cricket from 2004.   An attempt to quickly capitalize on the venerable sport's faster-paced Twenty20 format launched in England a year earlier, Pro Cricket was essentially a rogue creation formed outside of cricket's US and international sanctioning bodies - featuring eight teams in a three-month summer season played largely in minor league baseball stadiums across the country.   Crowds were sparse, mainstream sports media attention was minimal, television coverage (Dish Network PPV) was limited, and sustaining funds (supposedly three seasons' worth) were quickly exhausted.    Yet, the play was surprisingly competitive (a smattering of international stars played; the San Francisco Freedom defeated the New Jersey Fire for the only title), and cricket enthusiasts were inspired at the potential the game could ultimately have in the States, once "done right."   That chance could come again next summer, when the new Major League Cricket launches.   Replete with at least one purpose-built stadium (the soon-to-be-converted minor league baseball AirHogs Stadium in Grand Prairie, TX), and backed by a blue-chip roster of investors including media giant Times of India Group and tech backers like Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella and Adobe Chairman/CEO Shantanu Narayen - MLC promises to bring "world-class T20" to the States, nearly twenty years after Pro Cricket sowed the first seeds.

We were joined by Danny Holroyd from Unrestricted ParanormalIn the Nerdy News, Movies and TV preview for December, Republic Rangers ideas rolls into Mando , Super Pets Super trailerIn the Geek Easy, we watched Hawkeye, Beatles “Get Back” , Cowboy Bebop and The Wheel of TimeIn The Thunderdome, we reviewed Ghostbusters:AfterlifeListen to Danny on Unrestricted Paranormal on Spotify and Google PodcastsFollow us on Twitter: @secretfriendsu, @Toxtra and @TheceethreeSubscribe to our Youtube channelVisit our new website at www.secretfriendsunite.comJoin our discord server to be part of the community

He's inspired many riders from his amazing videos, (us included), putting his own spin on Trials back in early 00's. He even had a frame made after him, The 24/7 Danny Holroyd, Mod-stock. (first of its kind) but does he still ride now?

Virtual Internships delivers remote internships with companies of varying size, sector and industry. There are great opportunities for students and recent graduates to gain work experience and kickstart their career, within international or domestic roles that can be done full time or part time. www.virtualinternships.comFollow Virtual Internshipshttps://www.facebook.com/virtualintern  https://www.linkedin.com/company/virtual-internshipshttps://twitter.com/onlineinternsSupport the show (https://www.lcgbrands.com/advertisewithmybpodcast)

May 13 2021 Edit: Given the reduced number of cases and hotspot zones in Canada, the country has opted to no longer provide AZ as first shot. And that is because so many of you took AZ when available: thank you! It's because of you and everyone else who got vaccinated, that we are where we are, where we can vaccine shop (a huge privilege that not many around the world have). The AZ remains an effective vaccine, though there is a rare but serious side effect with signs that you should look out for 4 to 28 days after you get the shot (severe headache, blurry vision, any new symptoms that are popping up). Please speak to your health care provider if you have any concerns! April 10 2021 Edit: As new data emerges for AZ, we will do an updated episode as necessary. With the data available now, regulators have said that AZ's benefits vastly outweigh risks - especially if you're higher at risk of severe COVID and are in a hotspot zone - and should be taken when made available to you. Please contact your health provider if you have any questions or concerns specific to your medical needs. Just when we thought we had started understanding the initial COVID-19 virus, variants of the virus have started emerging. What does that mean in the current context, will the vaccines that we currently have be efficacious against them? What is all the headlines with AstraZeneca vaccine? Tune in to this fast-facts episode with Dr. Taylor Holroyd to quickly get the current state of affairs regarding vaccines and variants.

COVID-19 has brought a whole era of uncertainty and fear, and in many ways, has lowered people's trust in the scientific process. Dr. Taylor Holroyd joins us to discuss the whys and hows of vaccine hesitancy - and how to have these important conversations with friends and family.

Welcome to Episode 10 of the Mission Of Spe Podcast. In this episode, our host will be interviewing Julia Kohnen and Jason Holroyd. I have trained with both over the years and lucky enough to call them both close friends. Julia is professionally running in Northern Arizona Elite which is a team run by Ben Rosario who owned a big river running company. Jason is living in Boston and still coaching in St Louis as head coach of the Go St. Louis Running team. In today's episode, you will hear about such topics as: Diving into the world of running The thought process of going into your first marathon Talking about accountability on a running team How to coach an elite athlete Lessons from the Olympic trials Not taking running for granted You just have to be you If you want to hear more Mission Of Spe Podcast, be sure to subscribe and tune in for new episodes.

With vaccines in the process of being rolled out across several parts of the world, and the novelty and speed associated with them, we understand that there are a lot of concerns, questions, and even fear. In this episode, we are joined by Ian Brunton and Dr. Taylor Holroyd to have an honest conversation about these concerns.

Have you been cheated on? When couples come to couples counseling for affair repair, they almost always ask why the affair happened.  In this podcast episode, Elizabeth Polinsky interviews Dr. Victoria Holroyd on why people have affairs. During this interview you'll learn: How affairs are connected to the science behind love relationships.  The 7 types of affairs.  How loneliness is often the root cause of affairs. Make sure to like, review, and subscribe to get all the future episodes and help the podcast be found by others who would benefit the most.  You can sign up for Elizabeth's FREE 10-week relationship email course here.  Read the show notes for this episode here. 

The COVID crisis has been challenging, heartbreaking and unprecedented but today we're delighted to be sharing with you the beginning of a fantastic story which has started because of it. We chat to Olivia Holroyd and Grace Cusack about their modern secretarial solutions business. Go-PA has started at a time when many are sceptical of the opportunities out there, uncertain of the future. We ask why, now? Grace and Liv, say, why not? We chat about what they're doing differently and how you can benefit from personal and virtual assistant services - especially during this time as we discuss their different take on secretarial work. Lots of value for those a bit stuck in this difficult time, potential founders and those who need a kick into action! Check out the Go-PA website here. And LinkedIn here. Connect with Liv and Grace here.

We return after a summer break with Steve Holroyd to discuss a number of non-goalkeeping events, specifically the 2019 Hall of Fame class, the upcoming MLS CBA, and a mini-documentary PBS put out on the Bethlehem Steel. While Holroyd is not technically a goalkeeper, he provides a point of view as a historian and labor lawyer that many can't match. So getting Steve in really fits the “everybody” in “everybody soccer”, although we'll get back to goalkeeping in the next episodes.

Dr James Galloway talks to Dr Chris Holroyd, consultant rheumatologist at University Hospital Southampton, UK, about the new and updated BSR biologic DMARD safety guidelines in inflammatory arthritis. This guideline provides updates on screening before commencing a biologic, particularly the requirement for every patient to be screened for tuberculosis, using a tuberculin skin test (TST) or IFN-γ release assay (IGRA). In addition, there are changes for vaccination requirements before starting a biologic, and what to do before surgery.

Dr James Galloway talks to Dr Chris Holroyd, consultant rheumatologist at University Hospital Southampton, UK, about the new and updated BSR biologic DMARD safety guidelines in inflammatory arthritis. This guideline provides updates on screening before commencing a biologic, particularly the requirement for every patient to be screened for tuberculosis, using a tuberculin skin test (TST) or IFN-γ release assay (IGRA). In addition, there are changes for vaccination requirements before starting a biologic, and what to do before surgery.

Ahead of his set at Love International festival in Croatia, the legendary warm-up DJ from Bugged Out and Back To Basics provides us with an exclusive promo mix, and answers some questions for us on site... https://soundcloud.com/begin https://begin.bandcamp.com