Podcasts about hierarchical

In this episode of Science of Reading: The Podcast, Susan Lambert is joined by Young-Suk Grace Kim, a professor at University of California at Irvine's School of Education. Dr. Kim begins by defining a theoretical model, outlining its value to teachers as it pertains to literacy instruction. She describes her own interactive dynamic literacy (IDL) model, which seeks to more fully explain reading and writing connections. Dr. Kim emphasizes how reading and writing function as a powerful and closely related system, and examines how this system interacts with developmental phases, linguistic grain size, and reading and writing difficulties, including dyslexia. After navigating the complexities of this conversation, Susan ends the episode by sharing her unique insights and takeaways from her time with Dr. Kim.Show notes:Connect with Young-Suk Grace Kim:X: @YoungSukKim19ResourcesRead: Enhancing Reading and Writing Skills through Systematically Integrated InstructionRead: Reading and Writing Relations Are Not Uniform: They Differ by the Linguistic Grain Size, Developmental Phase, and MeasurementJoin our community Facebook Group: www.facebook.com/groups/scienceofreadingConnect with Susan Lambert: www.linkedin.com/in/susan-lambert-b1512761/Want to hear more of Dr. Kim? Join us for our upcoming Spring Science of Reading Summit where she'll be giving the keynote address on the relationship between reading, writing, and language. Save your spot: amplify.com/springsorsummitQuotes:“Lower order skills are necessary for higher order skills; that means skills and knowledge have a series of causal effects. So if you flip it the other way, any challenges or weaknesses in lower order skills, it's going to have a series of impacts on higher order skills.” —Young-Suk Grace Kim, Ed.D.“Theory is an explanation about how things work. …It's a structured framework, a mental framework, that helps us explain, and predict, and understand phenomena.” —Young-Suk Grace Kim, Ed.D.“If an educator goes to a professional development and learns about something like phoneme awareness…but you don't have a framework in which to attach it, you can sort of go down a rabbit trail on one thing instead of thinking about how it relates to the whole.” —Susan LambertEpisode timestamps*03:00 Introduction: Who is Young-Suk Grace Kim?05:00: Defining a theoretical model07:00 Origins of Young-Suk's model08:00 Interactive Dynamic Literacy Model Overview14:00 Why interactive and why dynamic15:00 Hierarchical relations between low order skills and high order skills18:00 Breaking down “Interactive”19:00 Young-Suk's ideal classroom20:00 Breaking down “Dynamic”21:00 Linguistic grain size22:00 Why linguistic grain size matters for teachers26:00 Why word reading and spelling are more strongly related than reading comprehension and writing composition29:00 Dynamic relationship of developmental phases30:00 Measuring reading and writing33:00 Interactive Dynamic Literacy Model summarized35:00 Understanding reading and writing difficulty, including dyslexia42:00 Dr. Kim's Final Thoughts44:00 Susan's takeaways from the conversation*Timestamps are approximate, rounded to nearest minute

This week on No Priors, Elad speaks with Chelsea Finn, cofounder of Physical Intelligence and currently Associate Professor at Stanford, leading the Intelligence through Learning and Interaction Lab. They dive into how robots learn, the challenges of training AI models for the physical world, and the importance of diverse data in reaching generalizable intelligence. Chelsea explains the evolving landscape of open-source vs. closed-source robotics and where AI models are likely to have the biggest impact first. They also compare the development of robotics to self-driving cars, explore the future of humanoid and non-humanoid robots, and discuss what's still missing for AI to function effectively in the real world. If you're curious about the next phase of AI beyond the digital space, this episode is a must-listen. Sign up for new podcasts every week. Email feedback to show@no-priors.com Follow us on Twitter: @NoPriorsPod | @Saranormous | @EladGil | @ChelseaFinn Show Notes: 0:00 Introduction 0:31 Chelsea's background in robotics 3:10 Physical Intelligence  5:13 Defining their approach and model architecture 7:39 Reaching generalizability and diversifying robot data 9:46 Open source vs. closed source 12:32 Where will PI's models integrate first? 14:34 Humanoid as a form factor 16:28 Embodied intelligence 17:36 Key turning points in robotics progress 20:05 Hierarchical interactive robot and decision-making 22:21 Choosing data inputs 26:25 Self driving vs robotics market 28:37 Advice to robotics founders 29:24 Observational data and data generation 31:57 Future robotic forms

Ralf Miculcy is an Associate at WL Gore. But what does that actually mean? At WL Gore—a global materials science company known for its innovative products like GORE-TEX—every employee, from entry-level to the CEO, is called an Associate. This is just one example of its distinctive, non-hierarchical culture. In today's episode, we dive into Ralf's journey across Operations, Projects, and General Management at WL Gore. We explore how this unique culture functions in practice and what makes it so effective through: Ralf's cross-functional career Gore's Multi-category business A unique non-hierarchical culture How a company can scale while staying true to its founding values Career progression in a flat hierarchy More Follow us on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/fmcgguys/  Audio Mixing by Rodrigo Chávez Voice Acting by Jason Martorell Parsekian

Send us a textIn this episode of The Pineapple Express, I sit down with my friend and non-monogamy expert Laura Boyle, creator of Ready for Polyamory. We dive into the provocative idea that “hierarchical polyamory is just demisexual swinging,” unpacking big feelings about different forms of polyamory and non-monogamy.We explore how labels and dynamics shape relationships, challenge stereotypes, and share our personal journeys—mine includes a surprising move toward monogamy with my new partner. This episode is full of laughs, heartfelt moments, and insights you won't want to miss.

n this episode of Shark Theory, host Baylor Barbee dives into the challenges faced by a client pressured by unrealistic demands from upper management. Through an insightful discussion, Barbee offers solutions for overcoming pressure and achieving sustainable growth despite constraints. This episode is a treasure trove for anyone navigating the professional world, providing actionable tips to manage stress and build effective communication skills. Barbee emphasizes the importance of communication in professional environments, urging listeners to voice their concerns regardless of hierarchy. By sharing a story about a client who tackled organizational pressures, he highlights the transformative power of speaking up when expectations exceed current capabilities. Listeners will learn how to leverage their experience and wisdom, positioning themselves as informed leaders within their organizations. Keywords such as "communication," "leadership," and "corporate strategy" underline this episode's focus on fostering stronger workplace dynamics. Barbee introduces listeners to the concept of a "to-fix list," a strategy to prioritize and address professional challenges systematically. By categorizing tasks based on feasibility and time, individuals can manage workloads more effectively. This episode challenges listeners to control what is within their scope and encourages a proactive approach to problem-solving. Terminology like "problem-solving," "project management," and "professional growth" captures the essence of this episode, inviting the audience to delve deeper into practical methodologies for career advancement. Key Takeaways: Effective communication is crucial in addressing unrealistic professional expectations and alleviating stress. Hierarchical positions should not deter individuals from voicing their opinions; experience and insight are of equal value. Developing a "to-fix list" helps prioritize and manage tasks, increasing efficiency and focus on solvable issues. Recognizing unchangeable circumstances and adapting strategies accordingly prevents undue stress and fosters proactive leadership. Assertive communication enhances credibility within organizations, showcasing the awareness and acuity of professionals. Notable Quotes: "Communication really does solve most things." "If you've been in the game and you know what it is you're talking about, you have to speak up." "We have to start having a backbone for ourselves." "We judge the barometer based on what can be done." "I've learned I just control what I can control and I can't worry about anything else."

Podcast Episode #51: Are UFOs just advanced drones or something more? Could aliens be real? What is interdimensional beings Theory? and why does the government hide UAP info? Join us as we try to understand the biggest questions about mysterious sightings, ancient reports, and groundbreaking technology. 00:00 - New Jersey Drone Sightings 09:33 - Military & Commercial drones 16:21 - Struggle to capture UFO footage 18:54 - UFO vs. UAP: What's the difference? 22:11 - Tyson's UFO skepticism under fire 22:54 - Orbs and plasmoids 23:43 - Dr. Greer says we have alien tech 26:09 - Bob Lazar & Donation Theory 27:48 - Ancient UFO sightings—fact or fiction? 31:44 - Chinese balloon, Alaska Object, NORAD 34:21 - Are plasmoids the real deal? 37:34 - Information vacuum 38:08 - Hierarchical structures 41:51 - Why hide UAP info from the public? 45:33 - Pentagon & internal UAP conflicts 49:00 - Brazil's UFO encounter 50:48 - How old is this tech? 52:28 - Silencing whistleblowers on UAP's 53:24 - Could Operation Bluebeam be real? 01:01:35 - Silent football-sized UFOs reported 01:02:00 - Interdimensional beings 01:02:33 - Caribbean & UAP's 01:04:37 - UAP's and Nukes 01:05:21 - Are aliens already hiding among us? 01:06:53 - Insiders can't speak openly 01:07:22 - Public reactions to UAP arrivals 01:09:40 - Roswell aliens are real? 01:13:33 - Psychic abilities, Remote viewing, and Interdimensional life 01:25:31 - Capability vs. Intent 01:26:47 - Operation Paperclip & German technology 01:28:25 - Quantum entanglement 01:32:02 - Classic vs. Quantum Computing 01:36:14 - Parallel Universe 01:37:53 - Quantum Teleportation over the internet 01:38:21 - Possibility of Advance Tech & Aliens 01:40:21 - Deep state & UAP 01:41:53 - Believe it or not- Extraterrestrial life & Advance Tech 01:53:40 - Drone Theories 01:55:06 - Stress Testing 01:55:45 - Fermi Paradox, AI, Multiplanetary System

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Diocesan Staff Apologist and Speaker for Catholic Answers, Dr. Karlo Broussard, explains the Why's behind Catholic Beliefs from Faith, Morality, and Culture. Providing the Reasons behind the claims made by the Catholic Church. Send your questions to...Karlo@stmichaelradio.comA Production of St. Michael Catholic RadioThe Catholic Reason Airs Every Thursday on 94.9 St Michael Catholic Radio at 4 p.m. CST.

Professor Hyman Schipper is a Professor of Neurology and Medicine (Geriatrics) at McGill University in Montreal, Canada, a clinical neurologist at Montreal's Jewish General Hospital and the director of a neuroscience laboratory in the hospital's affiliated Lady Davis Institute for biomedical research. His research focuses on degenerative diseases affecting the brain and mind, and he is the author of over 200 peer-reviewed papers on these and related topics. Prof. Schipper has long been interested in the interface between contemporary science and the Jewish mystical tradition (Kabbalah). His work in this area was initially published in Yeshiva University's Torah u-Madda Journal (2012-13) and more recently in Unified Field Mechanics II (RL Amoroso et al. eds., World Scientific 2018) and Bar-Ilan University's DAAT: Journal of Jewish Philosophy & Kabbalah (2019). Dr. Schipper is also a member of the @essentiafoundation Academic Advisory Board. TIMESTAMPS: (0:00) - Introduction (Kabbalah and The Mind-Body Problem) (0:33) - The Enigma of Consciousness (6:00) - What is the Kabbalah? (11:24) - Ten Sefirot Explained (37:17) - Subjective vs Objective (41:50) - Interinclusion (Indra's Net, Fractals Geometry, Holographism) (52:00) - Interinclusion (Quntum Entangelment) (59:00) - Governance (1:02:19) - Wisdom vs Understanding (1:14:50) - The Unknowable Head (1:07:26) - Summary: Kabbalistic Panpsychism is Panentheist, Hierarchical, Holographic & Relativistic (1:27:11) - Post-lecture Discussion (1:27:47) - What drew Hyman to the link between Kabbalah and Consciousness (1:34:13) - Universal Mind (Dual-aspect Monism) (1:40:01) - The "Mesianic Millennium" (a Teleology) (1:43:25) - AI & its implications (1:48:12) - Mysticism & Scientism (2:01:14) - Alternative methods gaining knowledge & Wisdom (2:04:50) - Hyman's final thoughts (2:09:50) - Conclusion EPISODE LINKS: - Hyman's Website: https://www.mcgill.ca/neurology-neurosurgery/hyman-m-schipper-md-phd-frcpc - Hyman's Publications: https://scholar.google.ca/citations?user=ce4AGfUAAAAJ&hl=en - Hyman's Books: https://www.amazon.com/stores/author/B09BBHFFM7 - @drmichaellevin : https://youtu.be/v6gp-ORTBlU?feature=shared - @DrIainMcGilchrist : https://youtu.be/2UEXDs4mouU?feature=shared - @bernardokastrup : https://youtu.be/57Oguwg7omc?feature=shared - Hyman on ‎Essentia Foundation: https://youtu.be/oFa5Y3KsTnU?feature=shared - Hyman on Channel McGilchrist: https://youtu.be/rQ2uKbLhzKY?feature=shared CONNECT: - Website: https://tevinnaidu.com - Podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/drtevinnaidu - Twitter: https://twitter.com/drtevinnaidu - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/drtevinnaidu - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/drtevinnaidu - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/drtevinnaidu ============================= Disclaimer: The information provided on this channel is for educational purposes only. The content is shared in the spirit of open discourse and does not constitute, nor does it substitute, professional or medical advice. We do not accept any liability for any loss or damage incurred from you acting or not acting as a result of listening/watching any of our contents. You acknowledge that you use the information provided at your own risk. Listeners/viewers are advised to conduct their own research and consult with their own experts in the respective fields.

If you work across time zones, borders and cultures, this is the show for you. In the Weekly Concept series, Leonardo aims at defining a topic in international business. These are shorter episodes to illustrate key concepts in this discipline. Today, we present the concept of hierarchical business culture, a vital aspect of organizational dynamics that significantly influences management practices. In today's increasingly globalized world, understanding and effectively navigating the nuances of hierarchy in cross-cultural settings is crucial for ensuring successful leadership and management across diverse environments. What are the key features of hierarchical culture? There are four primary characteristics that define this organizational structure. Clear Authority Structure Top-Down Decision-Making Formal Communication Emphasis on Seniority What are the implications for international business? Cultural Sensitivity Decision-Making Speed Employee Engagement Training and Development Links to further your research: Japanese Corporate Culture Doing Business in China with culture and etiquette Management Practices Across Firms and Countries Furthermore: Connect with the host Leonardo Marra on LinkedIn Subscribe to newsletter If you're looking for more content, be sure to check out the subscriber-only feed. For the cost of just one cup of coffee per month, you'll gain access to the full archive and bonus subscriber-only episodes, in addition to our regular episodes. Subscribe here

In this podcast episode, MRS Bulletin's Sophia Chen interviews postdoctoral research fellow Rohit Pratyush Behera and Prof. Hortense Le Ferrand of Nanyang Technological University in Singapore about their design of a strong and tough ceramic that absorbs energy, inspired from biology. They borrowed microscopic designs found in a mollusk, a mantis shrimp, and the enamel casing surrounding human teeth. The researchers stacked round discs of aluminum oxide particles in horizontal layers in a helical structure, then encased the structure in an extra protective layer made of alumina nanoparticles. The aluminum oxide in the discs is designed to respond to an external magnetic field, modifying the orientation of the discs layer by layer, consequently adjusting the properties of the ceramic composites. This work was published in a recent issue of Cell Reports Physical Science.

This week on the pod, designer Xoe Allred talks about how it uses the rules of gaming to subvert expectations and create social friction. Check out more of Xoe's work at https://knifebunny.com/Beyond Solitaire is proudly sponsored by Central Michigan University's Center for Learning Through Games and Simulations, where learning can be both playful and compelling. Check them out here: https://www.cmich.edu/academics/colleges/liberal-arts-social-sciences/centers-institutes/center-for-learning-through-games-and-simulationsCheck out CMU's game offerings here: https://cmichpress.com/shop/Sign up for an online game design class here: https://www.cmich.edu/academics/colleges/liberal-arts-social-sciences/centers-institutes/center-for-learning-through-games-and-simulations/certificate-in-applied-game-designAll episodes of my podcast are available here: https://beyondsolitaire.buzzsprout.com/Beyond Solitaire Merch: https://sirmeeple.com/collections/beyond-solitaireEnjoy my work? Consider supporting me on Patreon at https://www.patreon.com/beyondsolitaire or getting me a "coffee" on Ko-fi! https://ko-fi.com/beyondsolitaireContact Me: Email: beyondsolitaire at gmail.comTwitter: @beyondsolitaireInstagram: @beyondsolitaireFacebook: www.facebook.com/beyondsolitaireWebsite: www.beyondsolitaire.net

Currently in Ireland, the minimum wage is offered in different bandwidths for those workers who are under the age of 20. Seán's guest has been arguing in the Irish Times that the minimum wage should be the same for everyone, regardless of age.Jamie Mac Giolla Bhrian, student at DCU and youth activist, joins the show to discuss.

Currently in Ireland, the minimum wage is offered in different bandwidths for those workers who are under the age of 20. Seán's guest has been arguing in the Irish Times that the minimum wage should be the same for everyone, regardless of age.Jamie Mac Giolla Bhrian, student at DCU and youth activist, joins the show to discuss.

In this episode, Bill Hendricks and Ken Cochrum discuss Ken's extensive experience in Christian ministry and leadership in large organizations.   Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Proudly sponsored by PyMC Labs, the Bayesian Consultancy. Book a call, or get in touch!My Intuitive Bayes Online Courses1:1 Mentorship with meOur theme music is « Good Bayesian », by Baba Brinkman (feat MC Lars and Mega Ran). Check out his awesome work!Visit our Patreon page to unlock exclusive Bayesian swag ;)Takeaways:State space models and traditional time series models are well-suited to forecast loss ratios in the insurance industry, although actuaries have been slow to adopt modern statistical methods.Working with limited data is a challenge, but informed priors and hierarchical models can help improve the modeling process.Bayesian model stacking allows for blending together different model predictions and taking the best of both (or all if more than 2 models) worlds.Model comparison is done using out-of-sample performance metrics, such as the expected log point-wise predictive density (ELPD). Brute leave-future-out cross-validation is often used due to the time-series nature of the data.Stacking or averaging models are trained on out-of-sample performance metrics to determine the weights for blending the predictions. Model stacking can be a powerful approach for combining predictions from candidate models. Hierarchical stacking in particular is useful when weights are assumed to vary according to covariates.BayesBlend is a Python package developed by Ledger Investing that simplifies the implementation of stacking models, including pseudo Bayesian model averaging, stacking, and hierarchical stacking.Evaluating the performance of patient time series models requires considering multiple metrics, including log likelihood-based metrics like ELPD, as well as more absolute metrics like RMSE and mean absolute error.Using robust variants of metrics like ELPD can help address issues with extreme outliers. For example, t-distribution estimators of ELPD as opposed to sample sum/mean estimators.It is important to evaluate model performance from different perspectives and consider the trade-offs between different metrics. Evaluating models based solely on traditional metrics can limit understanding and trust in the model. Consider additional factors such as interpretability, maintainability, and productionization.Simulation-based calibration (SBC) is a valuable tool for assessing parameter estimation and model correctness. It allows for the interpretation of model parameters and the identification of coding errors.In industries like insurance, where regulations may restrict model choices, classical statistical approaches still play a significant role. However, there is potential for Bayesian methods and generative AI in certain areas.

In this episode, Bill Hendricks and Ken Cochrum discuss Ken's extensive experience in Christian ministry and…

We introduce AnyTool, a large language model agent designed to revolutionize the utilization of a vast array of tools in addressing user queries. We utilize over 16,000 APIs from Rapid API, operating under the assumption that a subset of these APIs could potentially resolve the queries. AnyTool primarily incorporates three elements: an API retriever with a hierarchical structure, a solver aimed at resolving user queries using a selected set of API candidates, and a self-reflection mechanism, which re-activates AnyTool if the initial solution proves impracticable. AnyTool is powered by the function calling feature of GPT-4, eliminating the need for training external modules. We also revisit the evaluation protocol introduced by previous works and identify a limitation in this protocol that leads to an artificially high pass rate. By revising the evaluation protocol to better reflect practical application scenarios, we introduce an additional benchmark, termed AnyToolBench. Experiments across various datasets demonstrate the superiority of our AnyTool over strong baselines such as ToolLLM and a GPT-4 variant tailored for tool utilization. For instance, AnyTool outperforms ToolLLM by +35.4% in terms of average pass rate on ToolBench. Code will be available at https://github.com/dyabel/AnyTool. 2024: Yu Du, Fangyun Wei, Hongyang Zhang https://arxiv.org/pdf/2402.04253

ไม่ว่าคุณจะเป็นพนักงานของบริษัทเอกชน ข้าราชการ หรือแม้แต่เจ้าหน้าที่ขององค์กรรัฐวิสาหกิจ สิ่งแรกๆ ที่คุณจะได้พบก็คือการทำความรู้จักกับโครงสร้างขององค์กร เพื่อให้คุณได้เข้าใจถึงบทบาทและหน้าที่ของตนเองมากขึ้น โดยโครงสร้างองค์กรที่คนทำงานส่วนใหญ่น่าจะคุ้นเคยกันดีก็คือ โครงสร้างองค์กรแบบลำดับขั้น (Hierarchical structure) คือมี CEO อยู่สูงสุดและไล่ลำดับตำแหน่งตามสายงานลงมา มีหัวหน้าทีมคอยบังคับบัญชาทีมต่างๆ มีผู้จัดการ และมีลูกน้อง . ซึ่งปัจจุบันนี้มีรูปแบบโครงสร้างองค์กรอีกแบบที่บริษัทยุคใหม่เริ่มนิยมทำกัน คือองค์กรแบบเรียบหรือ Flat Organization ที่แทบทุกตำแหน่งในบริษัทนั้นมีความสำคัญพอๆ กัน โดยใน Mission To The Moon EP. นี้ เราจะมาเจาะลึกถึงแนวคิดของ Flat Organization กับคุณ ทวิร พานิชสมบัติ Managing Director จาก ODDS TEAM องค์กรชั้นนำด้าน Agile Training/Agile Coaching ที่ใช้แนวคิดในการตั้งโครงสร้างองค์กรที่ไม่เหมือนใคร แถมยังมีหลักฐานในความสำเร็จที่คงอยู่มาได้นับ 10 ปี . Mission To The Moon x OODS TEAM . . #MissionToTheMoonxOODSTEAM #missiontothemoon #missiontothemoonpodcast

ไม่ว่าคุณจะเป็นพนักงานของบริษัทเอกชน ข้าราชการ หรือแม้แต่เจ้าหน้าที่ขององค์กรรัฐวิสาหกิจ สิ่งแรกๆ ที่คุณจะได้พบก็คือการทำความรู้จักกับโครงสร้างขององค์กร เพื่อให้คุณได้เข้าใจถึงบทบาทและหน้าที่ของตนเองมากขึ้น โดยโครงสร้างองค์กรที่คนทำงานส่วนใหญ่น่าจะคุ้นเคยกันดีก็คือ โครงสร้างองค์กรแบบลำดับขั้น (Hierarchical structure) คือมี CEO อยู่สูงสุดและไล่ลำดับตำแหน่งตามสายงานลงมา มีหัวหน้าทีมคอยบังคับบัญชาทีมต่างๆ มีผู้จัดการ และมีลูกน้อง . ซึ่งปัจจุบันนี้มีรูปแบบโครงสร้างองค์กรอีกแบบที่บริษัทยุคใหม่เริ่มนิยมทำกัน คือองค์กรแบบเรียบหรือ Flat Organization ที่แทบทุกตำแหน่งในบริษัทนั้นมีความสำคัญพอๆ กัน โดยใน Mission To The Moon EP. นี้ เราจะมาเจาะลึกถึงแนวคิดของ Flat Organization กับคุณ ทวิร พานิชสมบัติ Managing Director จาก ODDS TEAM องค์กรชั้นนำด้าน Agile Training/Agile Coaching ที่ใช้แนวคิดในการตั้งโครงสร้างองค์กรที่ไม่เหมือนใคร แถมยังมีหลักฐานในความสำเร็จที่คงอยู่มาได้นับ 10 ปี . Mission To The Moon x OODS TEAM . . #MissionToTheMoonxOODSTEAM #missiontothemoon #missiontothemoonpodcast

Ito-koku and Na-koku were the next two countries on the path of the Wei envoys noted in the Gishiwajinden.  They likely refer to the areas known today as Itoshima and Fukuoka, so what do we know about these places in the Yayoi period, and how is it that by the 3rd century Yamato seemed to have taken the foremost position on the archipelago and not one of these other countries, where wet paddy rice agriculture and other continental technologies first arrived in the archipelago. For more see our podcast blog post at: https://sengokudaimyo.com/podcast/itoandna Rough Transcript Welcome to Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  My name is Joshua, and this is Gishiwajinden Part Five: Ito-koku and Na-koku This episode we are finishing up our Gishiwajinden Tour, focusing on our journey to Ito-koku and Na-koku, or modern day Itoshima and Fukuoka. We'll talk about what we know from the records of these two areas in the Yayoi and early Kofun periods, and then look at some of the later history, with the development of the Dazaifu, the build up of Hakata and Fukuoka, and more.  A key thread through all of this will be our discussion about why it was Yamato, and not these early states, who eventually became paramount.  If this is where things like wet paddy rice agriculture started, and they had such close ties to the continent, including sending a mission to the Han dynasty, why did the political center shift over to Yamato, instead?  It is certainly something to wonder about, and without anything written down by the elites of Na and Ito we can only really guess based on what we see in the histories and the archaeological record. We ended our tour in Na for a reason: while the Gishiwajinden—the Japanese section of the Wei Chronicles—describes the trip from the continent all the way to Yamatai, the locations beyond Na are largely conjecture.  Did ancient travelers continue from Na along the Japan Sea coast up to Izumo and then travel down somewhere between Izumo and Tsuruga to the Nara Basin?  Or did they travel the Inland Sea Route, with its calmer waters but greater susceptibility to pirates that could hide amongst the various islands and coves?  Or was Yamatai on the island of Kyushu, and perhaps the name just happens to sound similar to the Yamato of Nara?  Unfortunately, the Wei Chronicles have more than a few problems with accuracy, including problems with directions, meaning that at most we have some confidence in the locations out to “Na”, but beyond that it gets more complicated.  And even “Na” has some questions, but we'll get to that later. Unlike the other points on our journey, we didn't stay overnight at “Ito-koku”, , and we only briefly stayed at Na—modern Fukuoka, but I'll still try to give an account of what was going on in both places, and drawing on some past visits to the area to fill in the gaps for you.   Both the Na and Ito sites are believed to be in the modern Fukuoka prefecture, in Itoshima and Fukuoka cities.  Fukuoka prefecture itself actually spans all the way up to the Shimonoseki straits and includes the old territory of Tsukushi—Chikuzen and Chikugo—as well as the westernmost part of Buzen, the “closer” part of the old land of “Toyo” on the Seto Inland Sea side of Kyushu.  When it comes to locating the country of Ito-koku, we have lots of clues from current place names.  The modern Itoshima peninsula, which, in old records, was known as the country of Ito, and was later divided into the districts of Ito and Shima.  Shima district, at the end of the peninsula, may have once been an island—or nearly so.  It is thought that there was a waterway between the two areas, stretching from Funakoshi bay in the south to Imazu Bay, in the north, in Fukuoka proper.  Over time this area was filled in with deposits from the local rivers, making it perfect for the Yayoi style wet rice paddy agriculture that was the hallmark of the growth in that period.  And indeed there are certainly plenty of Yayoi and Kofun era ruins in the area, especially in eastern reaches of the modern city of Itoshima, which reside in the valley that backs up to Mt. Raizan.  There you can find the Ito-koku History Museum, which tells much of the story of Ito. The Weizhi, or the Wei Chronicles, note that Ito-koku had roughly a thousand households, with various officials under their own Queen, making it one of the few Wa countries that the Chroniclers specifically noted as being a “kingdom”, though still under the nominal hegemony of the queen of Yamatai or Yamateg.  If you continue eastward along the coast from Itoshima, you next hit Nishi-ku, the Western Ward, of modern Fukuoka city, which now continues to sprawl around Hakata Bay.  Nishi-ku itself used to also be known as “Ito”, though spelled slightly differently, and you can still find Ito Shrine in the area. So was this part of Ito-koku also? It's very possible.   Na-koku, or the country of Na, was probably on the eastern edge of modern Fukuoka, perhaps around the area known as Hakata down to modern Kasuga.  Much like in Karatsu, this area features some of the earliest rice fields ever found in Japan – in this case, in the Itazuke neighborhood, just south of Fukuoka airport.  The land here is mostly flat, alluvial plains, formed by the rivers that empty out into Hakata Bay, another great area for early rice agriculture. Locating the country of Na is interesting for several reasons.  For one, unlike all of the other Wei Chronicles sites we've mentioned, there is no clear surviving placename that obviously matches up between “Na” and the local area.  It is a short enough name that it may simply be difficult to distinguish which “Na” is meant, though there is a “Naka” district in Kasuga that may show some promise.  There certainly is evidence for a sizeable settlement, but that's much more tenuous than the placenames for other areas, which remained largely in use in some form up to the modern day, it would seem. The name “Na” shows up in more than just the Weizhi, and it is also mentiond in the Houhan-shu, or the Record of the Later Han, a work compiled later than the Weizhi, but using older records from the Late Han dynasty period.  There it is asserted that the country of Na was one of the 99 some-odd countries of Wa, and they sent an embassy to the Later Han court, where they received a gold seal made out to the “King of Na of Wa”.  We talked about this in Episode 10: The Islands of the Immortals: That seal, made of gold, was seemingly found in the Edo period—1784, to be precise.  A farmer claimed to have found it on Shika island, in Hakata Bay, which is quite prominent, and connected to the mainland with a periodically-submerged causeway.  The description of the find—in a box made up of stones, with a large stone on top that required at least two men to move it—seems like it could have been an old burial of some kind.  The island certainly makes sense as an elite burial site, overlooking Hakata Bay, which was likely an important feature of the lifeways of the community.  While there have been questions about the authenticity of the seal, if it is a forgery, it is quite well done.  It looks similar to other Han era seals, and we don't really have a way to date the gold it is made of.  Without the actual context we can't be quite sure. This certainly seems like pretty strong evidence of the country of Na in this area, somewhere – probably not on the island itself, then close by.So unless something else comes along, I think we can say that this is at least the vicinity of the old country of Na.  Okay, so now that we've talked in general about where these two places were, let's go back and look at them in more detail. The Ito-koku site is just up the coast from where we stayed for Matsuro-koku, in Karatsu, which all makes sense from the position of the Chronicles in that it says the early envoys traveled overland from one place to the other.  Of course it also says they traveled southeast, which is not correct as the route is actually northeast.  However, they had traveled southeast from the Korean peninsula to Tsushima and then Iki and Matsuro, so that direction was well established, and this is an easy enough error that could have been made by the actual envoys or by later scribes, as it would be a one character difference. For Ito-koku, as with Matsuro-koku, we have no large, reconstructed sites similar to Harunotsuji on Iki or Yoshinogari, further inland in Saga prefecture, where we have an entire, large, so-called “kingly” settlement.  There is evidence of settlements, though, both near the major burial sites as well as around the peninsula.  And as for those burial sites, well, Ito has a few, and they aren't merely important because of their size.  Size is often an indication of the amount of labor that a leader must have been able to mobilize, and so it can be used to get a general sense of the power that a given leader or system was able to wield, as they could presumably turn that labor to other users as well. However, it is also important to look at other factors, like burial goods. What kind of elite material was the community giving up and placing with the deceased? That is the case with the first site we'll discuss, the Hirabaru burial mound.  At first glance it isn't much—a relatively unassuming square mound, about 12 by 14 meters, and less than 2 meters in height.  It was discovered in 1965 by a farmer who started digging a trench to plant an orchard and started pulling up broken pieces of a bronze mirror, one of the first clues that this was someone important.  They later found various post holes around the site, suggesting that it was more than just an earthen mound, and as they excavated the site they found pottery, beads, mirrors, and more. Let's start with those post-holes.  It looks like there was at least one large pillar set up due east of the burial.  We don't know how tall it was, but it was likely of some height given the size of the pillar hole—I've seen some estimates that it could have been up to 70 meters tall.  A tall pole would have provided visibility, and it may also be significant that it was east, in the direction of the rising sun.  We know that the ancient Wa had a particular connection with the sun, and this may be further evidence of that.  There are other holes that may be a gate, and possible a storehouse nearby, presumably for various ritual items, etc.  Suddenly, even without knowing exactly what was there, we start to see a picture of a large, manmade complex that seems to be centered on this burial and whomever is there. On top of that, there was a mirror in the tomb that was larger than any other ever found in Japan at that time—certainly the largest round mirror of that period.  It is not one of the triangular rimmed mirrors that Yamato is known for, but may have been part of another large cache brought over from the mainland.  About 40 mirrors in total, many of them very large, were found buried in the tomb, some of which appear to have been broken for some reason.  Furthermore, the large mirrors appear to fit within the dimensions given the Great Mirror—the Yata no kagami—housed at the sacred Ise Shrine.  There is a document in 804, the “Koutai Jingu Gishiki Chou”, detailing the rituals of Ise shrine, which describes the sacred mirror sitting in a box with an inner diameter of 1 shaku, 6 sun, and 3 bu, or approximately 49.4 centimeters, at least using modern conversions.  The same measurements are given in the 10th century Engi Shiki.  So we can assume that the mirror in Ise, which nobody is allowed to actually see, let alone measure, is smaller than that, but not by much, as the box would have been made to fit the mirror, specifically.  It isn't like you can just grab a box from Mirror Depot.  The mirrors found at Hirabaru Mound measure 46.5 centimeters, and have a floral pattern with an eight petaled flower on the back.  Could this mirror be from the same mold or the same cache, at least, as the sacred mirror at Ise?  At the very least, they would seem to be of comparable value.   In addition, there were many beads, jars, etc.  Noticeably absent from the burial were swords and weapons.  Based on this, some have argued that this was the burial of a queen of Ito-koku.  There is evidence that this may be the case, but I don't think the presence of weapons, or the lack thereof, is necessarily a good indicator. After all, we see in the old stories that women were also found wielding swords and leading troops into battle. So it's dangerous to make assumptions about gender based on this aspect alone. I wonder if the Hirabaru tomb assemblage might have more to do with something else we see in Yamato and which was likely applicable elsewhere in the archipelago: a system of co-rulership, where one role might have to do more with administrative and/or ritual practice, regardless of gender. This burial assemblage or mirrors and other non-weapons might reflect this kind of position. The Weizhi often mentions “secondary” or “assistant” positions, which may have truly been subordinate to a primary ruler, or could have just been misunderstood by the Wei envoys, who saw everything through their particular cultural stratification.  In a similar fashion, early European explorers would often name people “king”—from the daimyo of Sengoku era Japan to Wahunsenacawh, known popularly as “Powhatan” for the name of his people, on what would become known as North America.  That isn't to say that these weren't powerful individuals, but the term “king” comes with a lot of Eurocentric assumptions and ideas about power, stratification, etc.  Is there any reason to believe that the Wei envoys and later chroniclers were necessarily better at describing other cultures? And of course we don't have any physical remains of the actual individual buried there, either. However, there is a good reason to suggest that this may have been a female ruler, and that *is* because of something in the Weizhi, which specifically says that the people of Ito lived under the rule of a female king, aka a queen, using a description not unlike what is used for Queen Himiko.  In fact, Ito gets some special treatment in the record, even though it isn't the largest of the countries.  Let's look at those numbers first: Tsushima is said to have 1,000 households, while Iki is more like 3,000.  Matsuro is then counted at 4,000 families, but Ito is only said to have 1,000, similar to Tsushima.  Just over the mountains and along the Bay, the country of Na is then counted at a whopping 20,000 households, so 20 times as many.  These numbers are probably not entirely accurate, but do give an impression of scale, at least. But what distinguishes Ito-koku in this is that we are told that it had a special place for envoys from the Korean peninsula to rest when they came.  It makes you wonder about this little place called Ito. Hirabaru is not the only kingly tomb in the area.  Walk about 20 to 30 minutes further into the valley, and you might just find a couple of other burials—in particular Mikumo-Minami Shouji, discovered in 1822, and Iwara-Yarimizo, which includes artifacts discovered in the 1780s in the area between Mikumo and Iwara as they were digging a trench.  Based on evidence and descriptions, we know that they pulled out more bronze mirrors and other elite goods indicative of the late Yayoi paramounts. In these areas they have also found a number of post holes suggesting other buildings—enough to perhaps have a relatively large settlement. As noted earlier, we do not have a reconstructed village like in Harunotsuji or Yoshinogari, given that these are private fields, so the shape of the ancient landscape isn't as immediately impressive to people looking at the area, today.  The apparent dwellings are largely found in the triangle created between two rivers, which would have been the water source for local rice paddies.  The tombs and burials are found mostly on the outskirts, with the exception of the kingly burial of Mikumo-Minami Shouji.  This is also interesting when you consider that the later Hirabaru mound was situated some distance away, raising a bunch of questions that we frankly do not have answers for. The area of these ruins is not small.  It covers roughly 40.5 hectares, one of the largest Yayoi settlements so far discovered.  Of course, traces of other large settlements—like something in the Fukuoka area or back in Yamato—may have been destroyed by later construction, particularly in heavily developed areas.  This is interesting, though, when you consider that the Weizhi only claimed some 1,000 households. There are also other graves, such as various dolmens, across Ito and Shima, similar to those found on the peninsula, and plenty of other burials across both ancient districts.  And as the Yayoi culture shifted, influence of Yamato can be seen.  While Ito-koku clearly had their own burial practices, which were similar to, but not exactly like, those in the rest of the archipelago, we can see them start to adopt the keyhole style tomb mounds popular in Yamato. During the kofun period, the area of Itoshima built at least 60 identified keyhole shaped tombs, with a remarkable number of them from the early kofun period.  Among these is Ikisan-Choushizuka Kofun, a large, round keyhole tomb mound with a vertical stone pit burial, estimated to have been built in the latter half of the 4th century.  At 103 meters in length, it is the largest round keyhole tomb on the Genkai coast—that is to say the northwest coast of Kyushu. All of these very Yamato-style tombs would appear to indicate a particular connection between Ito and  Yamato—though what, exactly, that looked like is still up for debate.  According to the various early Chronicles, of course, this would be explained because, from an early period, Yamato is said to have expanded their state to Kyushu and then even on to the Korean peninsula.  In particular, the Chronicles talk about “Tsukushi”, which is both used as shorthand for the entirety of Kyushu, while also indicating the area largely encompassing modern Fukuoka prefecture.  On the other hand, this may have been a sign of Ito demonstrating its own independence and its own prestige by emulating Yamato and showing that they, too, could build these large keyhole tombs.  After all, the round keyhole shape is generally thought to have been reserved, in Yamato, for members of the royal family, and Ito-koku may have been using it similarly for their own royal leaders.  It may even be something in between—Ito-koku may have recognized Yamato's influence and leadership, but more in the breach than in actuality.  Afterall, until the standup of things like the various Miyake and the Dazai, we aren't aware of a direct outpost of the Yamato government on Kyushu.  The Miyake, you may recall, were the ”royal granaries”, which were basically administrative regions overseeing rice land that was directly controlled by Yamato, while the Dazai was the Yamato government outpost in Kyushu for handling continental affairs.  On top of a lack of local control in the early Kofun, the Weizhi appears to suggest that the Yamato paramount, Himiko, was the “Queen of the Wa” only through the consensus of other polities, but clearly there were other countries in the archipelago that did not subscribe to her blog, as it were, as they were in open conflict with Yamato.  This all leads into something we've talked about in the main podcast at various times, but it still bears discussing:  How did Yamato, over in the Nara Basin, become the center of political life in the Japanese archipelago, and why not somewhere in Kyushu, like ancient Na or Ito?  While we don't entirely know, it is worth examining what we do and some of the factors that may have been in play.  After all, Kyushu was the closest point of the main Japanese islands to the mainland, and we see that the Yayoi culture gets its start there.  From there, Yayoi culture spread to the east, and if we were to apply similar assumptions as we do on the spread of the keyhole shaped kofun, we would assume that the culture-givers in the west would have held some level of prestige as groups came to them to learn about this new technology, so why wasn't the capital somewhere in Kyushu?  We likewise see other such things—Yayoi pottery styles, fired in kilns, rather than open fired pottery; or even bronze items brought over from the continent.  In almost every instance, we see it first in Kyushu, and then it diffuses eastward up to the edge of Tohoku.  This pattern seems to hold early on, and it makes sense, as most of this was coming over from the continent. Let's not forget, though, that the Yayoi period wasn't simply a century: by our most conservative estimates it was approximately 600 years—for reference, that would be roughly equivalent to the period from the Mongol invasions up to the end of the Edo period, and twice as long as the period from Mimaki Iribiko to the Naka-no-Oe in 645, assuming that Mimaki Iribiko was ruling in the 3rd century.  So think about all that has happened in that time period, mostly focused on a single polity, and then double it.  More recent data suggests that the Yayoi period may have been more like an 1100 to 1300 year range, from the earliest start of rice cultivation.  That's a long time, and enough time for things in the archipelago to settle and for new patterns of influence to form.  And while Kyushu may have been the first region to acquire the new rice growing technology, it was other areas around the archipelago that would begin to truly capitalize on it. We are told that by the time the Wei envoys arrived that the state of Yamato, which we have no reason not to believe was in the Nara Basin, with a focus on the area of modern Sakurai, had approximately 70,000 households.  That is huge.  It was larger than Na, Ito, and Matsuro, combined, and only rivaled in the Weizhi by Touma-koku, which likely referred to either the area of Izumo, on the Japan Sea coast, or to the area of Kibi, along the Seto Inland Sea, both of which we know were also large polities with significant impact in the chronicles.  And here there is something to consider about the Yayoi style agriculture—the land determined the ultimate yield.  Areas with more hills and mountains are not as suited to wet rice paddy agriculture.  Meanwhile, a flat basin, like that in Yamato, which also has numerous rivers and streams draining from the surrounding mountains into the basin and then out again, provided the possibility for a tremendous population, though no doubt it took time to build. During that time, we definitely see evidence of the power and influence of places like Na and Ito.  Na sent an embassy to the Han court—an incredible journey, and an indication of not only their interest in the Han court and continental trade, but also their ability to gather the resources necessary for such a journey, which likely required some amount of assistance from other, nearby polities.  Na must have had some sway back then, we would assume. Meanwhile, the burial at Ito shows that they were also quite wealthy, with clear ties to the continent given their access to large bronze mirrors.  In the absence of other data, the number and size of bronze mirrors, or similar bronze items, likely only useful for ritual purposes, indicates wealth and status, and they had some of the largest mirrors as well as the largest collection found for that period.  Even into the stories in the Nihon Shoki and the Kojiki we see how mirrors, swords, and jewels all are used a symbols of kingship.  Elite status was apparently tied to material items, specifically to elite trade goods.  Assuming Yamato was able to grow its population as much as is indicated in the Weizhi, then by the 3rd century, they likely had the resources to really impress other groups.  Besides things like mirrors, we can probably assume that acquisition of other goods was likewise important.  Both Ito and Yamato show evidence of pottery shards from across the archipelago, indicating extensive trade networks.  But without any other differentiating factors, it is likely that Yamato, by the 3rd century, at least, was a real powerhouse.  They had a greater production capacity than the other states listed in the Weizhi, going just off of the recorded human capital. And this may answer a question that has been nagging me for some time, and perhaps others:  Why did other states acquiesce to Yamato rule?  And the answer I keep coming back to is that it was probably a combination of wealth, power, prestige, ritual, and time. For one thing, wealth: Yamato had it.  That meant they could also give it.  So, if Yamato was your friend, you got the goods, and you had access to what you need.  You supported them, they could help you with what you needed.  These transactional alliances are not at all uncommon, and something I think most of us can understand. There is also power—specifically military power.  With so many people, Yamato would likely have been a formidable threat should they decide that violence was the answer.  That said, while we read of military campaigns, and no doubt they did go out and fight and raid with the best of them, it's expensive to do so.  Especially exerting control over areas too far out would have been problematic, especially before writing AND horses.  That would be costly, and a drain on Yamato's coffers.  So while I do suspect that various military expeditions took place, it seems unlikely that Yamato merely bested everyone in combat.  Military success only takes you so far without constant maintenance. And so here is where I think prestige and ritual come into play.  We've talked about how Yamato did not exactly “rule” the archipelago—their direct influence was likely confined to the Kinki region for the longest period of time.  And yet we see that they influenced people out on the fringes of the Wa cultural sphere: when they started building large, keyhole shaped kofun for their leaders, and burying elites only one to a giant mound, the other areas of Japan appear to have joined in.  Perhaps Yamato was not the first to build a kofun for a single person, but they certainly were known for the particular shape that was then copied by so many others.  But why? We don't know for certain, but remember that in Yamato—and likely the rest of the Wa cultural sphere—a large part of governance was focused on ritual.  The natural and what we would consider the supernatural—the visible and invisible—worked hand in hand.  To have a good harvest, it required that workers plant, water, harvest, etc. in the right seasons and in the right way.  Likewise, it was considered equally important to have someone to intercede with the kami—to ensure that the rains come at the right time, but not too much, and a host of other natural disasters that could affect the crop. And if you want to evaluate how well ritual works, well, look at them.   Are you going to trust the rituals of someone whose crops always fail and who barely has a single bronze mirror?  Or are you going to trust the rituals of someone with a thriving population, multiple mirrors, and more?  Today, we might refer to this as something like the prosperity gospel, where wealth, good health, and fortune are all seen as stemming from how well one practices their faith, and who's to say that back in the day it wasn't the same?  Humans are going to human, after all. So it makes sense that one would give some deference to a powerhouse like Yamato and even invite their ritualists to come and help teach you how it is done.  After all, the local elites were still the ones calling the shots.  Nothing had really changed. And here is where time comes in.  Because over time what started as an alliance of convenience became entrenched in tradition.  Yamato's status as primus inter pares, or first among equals, became simply one of primus.  It became part of the unspoken social contract.  Yamato couldn't push too hard on this relationship, at least not all at once, but over time they could and did demand more and more from other states. I suspect, from the way the Weizhi reads, that Yamato was in the early stages of this state development.  The Weizhi makes Queen Himiko feel like something of a consensus candidate—after much bickering, and outright fighting, she was generally accepted as the nominal paramount.  There is mention of a male ruler, previously, but we don't know if they were a ruler in Yamato, or somewhere else, nor if it was a local elite or an earlier paramount.  But not everyone in the archipelago was on board—Yamato did have rivals, somewhere to the south (or north?); the directions in the Weizhi are definitely problematic, and it may refer to someone like the Kuma or Kumaso people in southern Kyushu or else people that would become known as the Emishi further to the east of Yamato. This lasted as long as Yamato was able to continue to demonstrate why they were at the top of this structure.  Theoretically, anyone else could climb up there as well, and there are certainly a few other powerful states that we can identify, some by their mention and some by their almost lack of mention.  Izumo and Kibi come to mind almost immediately. The Weizhi makes it clear that Himiko's rule was not absolute, and part of her reaching out to the Wei in the first place may have been the first attempt at something new—external validation by the continent.  A large part of international diplomacy is as much about making people believe you have the power to do something as actually having that power.  Getting recognition from someone like the Wei court would further legitimize Yamato's place at the top of the heap, making things easier for them in the long run. Unfortunately, it seems like things did not go so smoothly, and after Himiko's death, someone else came to power, but was quickly deposed before a younger queen took over—the 13 year old Toyo.  Of course, the Wei and then the Jin had their own problems, so we don't get too many details after that, and from there we lose the thread on what was happening from a contemporary perspective.  Instead, we have to rely on the stories in the Nihon Shoki and Kojiki, which are several hundred years after the fact, and clearly designed as a legitimizing narrative, but still present us something of a picture.  We don't see many stories of local elites being overthrown, though there do seem to be a fair number of military campaigns.  Nonetheless, even if they were propped up by Yamato, local elites likely had a lot of autonomy, at least early on, even as they were coopted into the larger Yamato umbrella.  Yamato itself also saw ups and downs as it tried to figure out how to create a stable succession plan from one ruler to the next.  At some point they set up a court, where individuals from across the archipelago came and served, and they created alliances with Baekje, on the peninsula, as well as with another polity which we know of as Nimna.  Through them, Yamato continued to engage with the continent when the dynastic struggles there allowed for it.  The alliance with Baekje likely provided even more legitimacy for Yamato's position in the archipelago, as well as access to continental goods. Meanwhile the court system Yamato set up provided a means for Yamato to, itself, become a legitimizing factor. Hierarchical differences in society were already visible in the Yayoi period, so we can generally assume that the idea of social rank was not a new concept for Yamato or the other Wa polities.  This is eventually codified into the kabane system, but it is probably likely that many of the kabane came about, originally, as titles of rank used within the various polities.  Yamato's ability to claim to give—or even take away—that kabane title, would have been a new lever of power for Yamato.  Theoretically, other polities could just ignore them and keep going on with their daily lives, but if they had already bought into the social structure and worldview that Yamato was promoting, then they likely would have acquiesced, at least in part, to Yamato's control. Little by little, Yamato's influence grew, particularly on those closer to the center.  Those closer, and more affected, started to listen to Yamato's rules about kofun size and shape, while those further on the fringes started to adopt Yamato's traditions for themselves, while perhaps maintaining greater independence. An early outlier is the Dazai.  It is unclear whether this was forcibly imposed on the old region of Na and nearby Ito, or if it was more diplomatically established.  In the end, though, Yamato established an outpost in the region early on, almost before they started their practice of setting up “miyake”, the various royal granaries that appear to have also become local Yamato government offices in the various lands.  The Dazai was more than just a conduit to accept taxes in the form of rice from various locals—it was also in charge of missions to the continent.  Whether they were coming or going, military or diplomatic, the Dazai was expected to remain prepared.  The early iterations were likely in slightly different locations, and perhaps not as large, but still in roughly the area near modern Fukuoka and Dazai.  This was a perfect place not only from which to prepare to launch or receive missions from the continent, but also to defend the nearby Shimonoseki straits, which was an important entryway into the Seto Inland Sea, the most direct route to Naniwa and the Yamato court. The first iterations of direct Yamato control in Tsukushi—modern Fukuoka—claim to have been focused largely on being a last point to supply troops heading over to fight on the peninsula, not unlike the role of Nagoya castle on the Higashi-Matsuura peninsula in the 16th century.  Over time, though, it grew into much more.  The Weizhi, for its part mentions something in the land of Ito, where there were rooms set up for envoys from the continent, but the Dazai was this on steroids. Occasionally we see evidence of pushback against Yamato's expansion of powers.  Early on, some states tried to fool the envoys into thinking that they were Yamato, perhaps attempting to garner the trade goods for themselves and to take Yamato's place as the interlocutor between the Wa polities and the continent.  We also see outright rebellions—from Iwai in Kyushu, in the 6th century, but also from various Emishi leaders as well.  The Iwai rebellion may have been part of the impetus for setting up the Dazai as a way to remotely govern Tsukushi—or at least help keep people in line.  For the most part, though, as time goes by, it would seem that Yamato's authority over other polities just became tradition, and each new thing that Yamato introduced appears to have been accepted by the various other polities, over time.  This is likely a much more intricate process than even I'm describing here, but I'm not sure that it was necessarily a conscious one; as the concept of Yamato as the “paramount” state grew, others ceded it more and more power, which only fed Yamato's self-image as the paramount state.  As the elites came under the Yamato court and rank system, they were more closely tied to it, and so Yamato's increased power was, in a way, passed on to them as well.  At least to those who bought in. By the 5th century, we know that there were families sending people to the court from as far away as Hi no Kuni in Kyushu—near modern Kumamoto—and Musashi no Kuni in the east—including modern Saitama.  All of that said, while they may have subordinated themselves to Yamato in some ways, the various polities still maintained some independent actions and traditions.  For example, whatever their connection to Yamato, the tombs at Itoshima also demonstrate a close connection to the peninsula.  The horizontal entry chamber style of tomb—something we saw a lot in Iki, and which seems to have been introduced from the continent—started to become popular in the latter half of the 4th century, at least in the west of the archipelago. This is well before we see anything like it in Yamato or elsewhere, though it was eventually used across the archipelago.  Itoshima appears to have been an early adopter of this tomb style, picking it up even before the rest of the archipelago caught on, making them the OG horizontal chambers, at least in Japan. Ultimately, the image we have of Ito-koku is of an apparently small but relatively influential state with some influence on the cross-strait trade, with close ties to Yamato. The history of the region seems a bit murky past the Kofun period.  There are earthworks of an old mountain castle on Mt. Raizan that could be from the Asuka period, and in the 8th century the government built Ito castle on the slopes of Mt. Takaso, possibly to provide some protection to the Dazaifu, which was the Yamato outpost in Kyushu, and eventually became the main administrative center for the island.  It seems, then, that whatever power the country of Ito may have once had, it was subsumed by the Dazai, which was built a little inland, east of the old Na territory.  Furthermore, as ships grew more seaworthy over time, they could make the longer voyages straight to Iki or Tsushima from Hakata.  For the most part, the area of the Itoshima peninsula seems to have been merely a set of districts in the larger Tsukushi and then the Chikuzen provinces.  The area of Na, meanwhile, which is said to have had 20,000 households in the 3rd century—much larger than nearby Ito—was completely eclipsed by the Dazaifu after the Iwai rebellion.  After the fall of Baekje, the Dazaifu took on even greater administrative duties, and eventually took over all diplomatic engagement with the continent.  They even set up a facility for hosting diplomatic envoys from the continent.  This would come to be known as the Kourokan, and they actually found the ruins of it near the site where Maizuru castle was eventually built in what is now Chuo-ku, or the central ward, of Fukuoka city. From the Heian period onwards, the Harada family eventually came to have some power in the area, largely subordinate to others, but they built another castle on Mt. Takaso, using some of the old Ito Castle earthworks, and participated in the defense of the nation during the Mongol invasions. The Harada family rose briefly towards the end of the Sengoku Period, pushing out the Otomo as Hideyoshi's campaign swept into Kyushu.  They weren't quite fast enough to join Hideyoshi's side, though, and became subordinate to Kato Kiyomasa and eventually met their end during the Invasions of Korea. The Ito district at some point after that became part of the So clan's holdings, falling under Tsushima's purview, along with a scattering of districts elsewhere, all likely more about the revenue produced than local governance.  In the Edo period, there were some efforts to reclaim land in Imazu bay, further solidifying links with the Itoshima peninsula and the mainland, but that also fits in with the largely agricultural lifestyle of the people in the region.  It seems to have remained largely a rural backwater up into modern times, when the Ito and Shima districts were combined into an administrative district known as “Itoshima city”. Meanwhile, the Dazaifu continued to dominate the region of modern Fukuoka.  Early on, worried about a Silla-Tang alliance, the Yamato state built massive forts and earthworks were built around the Dazaifu to protect the region from invasion.  As the Tang dynasty gave way to the Song and Yuan dynasties, however, and the Heian court itself became more insular, the Dazaifu's role faded, somewhat.  The buildings were burned down in the 10th century, during the failed revolt of Fujiwara no Sumitomo.  The government never rebuilt, and instead the center of regional government shifted to Hakata, closer to the bay. Appointed officials to the Dazai were known as the Daini and the Shoni.  Mutou Sukeyori was appointed as Dazai Shoni, the vice minister of the Dazaifu, in the late 12th century.  Though he had supported the Taira in the Genpei wars, he was pardoned and made the guardian of Northern Kyushu, to help keep the region in check for the newly established Kamakura Bakufu.  He would effectively turn that into a hereditary position, and his family became known as the “Shoni”, with their position eventually coming to be their family name.  They would provide commendable service against the Mongol invasion, and eventually became the Shugo Daimyo over much of western Kyushu and the associated islands, though not without pushback from others in the region. Over time, the power of the Shoni waned and various other daimyo began to rise up.  The chaos of the Sengoku period saw the entire area change hands, back and forth, until Hideyoshi's invasion of Kyushu.  Hideyoshi divided up control of Kyushu, and Chikuzen, including the areas of Hakata and modern Itoshima, was given to Kobayakawa Takakage.  Hideyoshi also began to redevelop the port of Hakata.  After the battle of Sekigahara, Kobayakawa Hideaki, Takakage's adopted son and nephew to the late Hideyoshi, was transferred to the fief of Okayama, and the area of modern Fukuoka city was given to Kuroda Nagamasa, creating the Fukuoka Han, also known as the Kuroda Han. Nagamasa would go on to build Maizuru Castle on the other side of the Naka river from the port of Hakata, creating two towns with separate administration, each of which fell under the ultimate authority of the Kuroda.  Hakata, on the east side of the river, was a city of merchants while Fukuoka was the castle town, and largely the domain of samurai serving the Kuroda.  The Kuroda would remain in control of the Fukuoka domain through the Edo period, and only lost control at the very start of the Meiji, as the domain system in general was dissolved. Over that time, Hakata remained an important port city, and the samurai of Fukuoka were known for maintaining their martial traditions. In the Meiji era, samurai from the Kuroda Han joined with other Kyushu samurai, rising up during Saigo Takamori's rebellion.  Later, it would be former samurai and others from Fukuoka who would form the Gen'yosha, an early right wing, nationalist organization that would greatly influence the Japanese government heading into the latter part of the 19th and early 20th century. But that is getting well into more modern territory, and there is so much else we could discuss regarding the history of this area, and with any luck we will get to it all in time.  For now, this concludes our Gishiwajinden Tour—we traveled from Kara, to Tsushima and Iki, and then on to Matsuro, Ito, and Na.  From here the envoys traveled on to Fumi, Toma, and then Yamato.  Fumi and Toma are still elusive locations, with various theories and interpretations as to where they were.   For us, this was the end of our journey. Next episode we will be back with the Chronicles and getting into the Taika era, the era of Great Change.  There we will really see Yamato starting to flex its administrative muscles as it brings the various polities of the archipelago together into a single state, which will eventually become known as the country of Nihon, aka Japan. Until then, thank you for listening.  If you like what we are doing, tell your friends and feel free to rate us wherever you listen to podcasts.  If you feel the need to do more, and want to help us keep this going, we have information about how you can donate on Patreon or through our KoFi site, ko-fi.com/sengokudaimyo, or find the links over at our main website, SengokuDaimyo.com/Podcast, where we will have some more discussion on topics from this episode. Also, feel free to reach out to us at our Sengoku Daimyo Facebook page.  You can also email us at the.sengoku.daimyo@gmail.com.  Thank you, also, to Ellen for their work editing the podcast. And that's all for now.  Thank you again, and I'll see you next episode on Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.

On this episode...

Dr Hyman Schipper is a Professor of Neurology and Medicine (Geriatrics) at McGill University in Montreal, Canada, a clinical neurologist at Montreal's Jewish General Hospital and the director of a neuroscience laboratory in the hospital's affiliated Lady Davis Institute for biomedical research. His research focuses on degenerative diseases affecting the brain and mind, and he is the author of over 200 peer-reviewed papers on these and related topics. Prof. Schipper has long been interested in the interface between contemporary science and the Jewish mystical tradition (Kabbalah). His work in this area was initially published in Yeshiva University's Torah u-Madda Journal (2012-13) and more recently in Unified Field Mechanics II (RL Amoroso et al. eds., World Scientific 2018) and Bar-Ilan University's DAAT: Journal of Jewish Philosophy & Kabbalah (2019). Dr. Schipper is also a member of the Essentia Foundation Academic Advisory Board. TIMESTAMPS: (0:00) - Introduction (Kabbalah and The Mind-Body Problem) (0:33) - The Enigma of Consciousness (6:00) - What is the Kabbalah? (11:24) - Ten Sefirot Explained (37:17) - Subjective vs Objective (41:50) - Interinclusion (Indra's Net, Fractals Geometry, Holographism) (52:00) - Interinclusion (Quntum Entangelment) (59:00) - Governance (1:02:19) - Wisdom vs Understanding (1:14:50) - The Unknowable Head (1:07:26) - Summary: Kabbalistic Panpsychism is Panentheist, Hierarchical, Holographic & Relativistic (1:27:11) - Post-lecture Discussion (1:27:47) - What drew Hyman to the link between Kabbalah and Consciousness (1:34:13) - Universal Mind (Dual-aspect Monism) (1:40:01) - The "Mesianic Millennium" (a Teleology) (1:43:25) - AI & its implications (1:48:12) - Mysticism & Scientism (2:01:14) - Alternative methods gaining knowledge & Wisdom (2:04:50) - Hyman's final thoughts (2:09:50) - Conclusion EPISODE LINKS: - Hyman's Website: https://www.mcgill.ca/neurology-neurosurgery/hyman-m-schipper-md-phd-frcpc - Hyman's Publications: https://scholar.google.ca/citations?user=ce4AGfUAAAAJ&hl=en - Hyman's Books: https://www.amazon.com/stores/author/B09BBHFFM7 - Michael Levin: https://youtu.be/v6gp-ORTBlU?feature=shared - Iain McGilchrist: https://youtu.be/2UEXDs4mouU?feature=shared - Bernardo Kastrup: https://youtu.be/57Oguwg7omc?feature=shared - Hyman on ‎Essentia Foundation: https://youtu.be/oFa5Y3KsTnU?feature=shared - Hyman on Channel McGilchrist: https://youtu.be/rQ2uKbLhzKY?feature=shared CONNECT: - Website: https://tevinnaidu.com - Podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/drtevinnaidu - Twitter: https://twitter.com/drtevinnaidu - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/drtevinnaidu - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/drtevinnaidu - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/drtevinnaidu ============================= Disclaimer: The information provided on this channel is for educational purposes only. The content is shared in the spirit of open discourse and does not constitute, nor does it substitute, professional or medical advice. We do not accept any liability for any loss or damage incurred from you acting or not acting as a result of listening/watching any of our contents. You acknowledge that you use the information provided at your own risk. Listeners/viewers are advised to conduct their own research and consult with their own experts in the respective fields.

Today we're diving into the roles and responsibilities of key instructor titles within the martial arts hierarchy: Sensei, Renshi, Shihan, Kyoshi, Hanshi, and Soke. Understanding these titles not only enhances our respect for the art but also guides us in our own journey of martial development. Don't forget to grab your Karate Journal to document your journey: Amazon Karate Journal Link: https://amzn.to/3l9spmt If you found value in this episode or enjoyed it, please consider sharing it with your friends on social media. And if it didn't resonate with you, feel free to pass it along to your enemies – perhaps they'll find it enlightening! Support the show at no extra cost to you by shopping on Amazon through my affiliate link, where I receive a small commission on your purchases. It's a win-win! Find the link below. Amazon Affiliate Link: https://amzn.to/3qqfuhy You can also support the Karate For Mental Health Programme by purchasing our merchandise or donating via Buy Me a Coffee: www.buymeacoffee.com/KFMH And check out our shop for exclusive merchandise, including the Anxious Black Belt Mug: Les Bubka's Shop: https://lesshop.ammhub.com/accessories/anxious-black-belt-mug About Les Bubka: Author, Karate coach, entrepreneur, and creator of the #Hikite4ever T-shirt. Les promotes inclusive Karate with a focus on the mental health aspects of training. Teaching nationally and internationally. Let's connect: info@lesbubka.co.uk Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Anna E. McGlothlin, PhD, Berry Consultants, LLC, discusses Bayesian Hierarchical Models with JAMA Statistical Editor Roger J. Lewis, MD, PhD. Related Content: Bayesian Hierarchical Models

Welcome to Monday Night Live, your premier podcast for insights into the dynamic world of international business. I'm Derek Arden, and today I have the pleasure of speaking with Michael Williams, an esteemed friend and seasoned professional in the banking industry. Our conversation delves into the critical role of culture in international business and Mike's extensive experiences navigating diverse cultural landscapes. Mike Williams: A Journey Through CulturesMike Williams' career journey is nothing short of remarkable. Starting from a humble position as a tea boy at a high street bank, he climbed the corporate ladder to become the Chairman of a leading international bank. His career has spanned continents, allowing him to immerse himself in various cultural settings, each presenting unique challenges and learning opportunities. The Importance of Cultural UnderstandingIn our discussion, Mike emphasizes that understanding and respecting cultural differences is paramount in international business. He shares anecdotes from his career, highlighting how cultural awareness has been crucial in his roles. For instance, Mike recounts his time working for a Japanese bank, where the hierarchical and traditional business culture required a different approach compared to Western organizations. Hierarchical vs. Democratic CulturesOne of the key themes Mike discusses is the contrast between hierarchical and democratic cultures. In hierarchical cultures, like those found in Japan and parts of the GCC, decisions are made at the top, and employees are expected to follow directives without question. In contrast, democratic cultures, such as those in Scandinavian countries, encourage collective decision-making and employee participation. Understanding these cultural frameworks has been essential for Mike in effectively leading and negotiating in diverse environments. Cultural Seasons: A Metaphor for Career StagesMike uses the metaphor of seasons to describe his career stages, each representing a different cultural experience: Spring: His early years at a high street bank, learning the fundamentals of banking in a traditional British setting.Summer: His time at a Japanese bank, adapting to a blend of traditional banking and modern investment banking cultures.Autumn: Working in the GCC, where he encountered a unique mix of traditional values and modern business practices.Winter: His later years serving on various boards, where he applied his cumulative cultural knowledge to different organizational settings.Adapting to Middle Eastern Business CultureA significant portion of Mike's career was spent in the GCC, particularly in the UAE and Qatar. Here, he had to navigate a business environment deeply rooted in local customs and Islamic principles. Mike shares how understanding the nuances of Sharia law, which prohibits interest and certain types of investments, was crucial for his success. He also highlights the importance of building trust and relationships in a region where personal connections often drive business dealings. Measuring and Influencing Organizational CultureAs Chairman, one of Mike's responsibilities is to shape and measure the culture of his organization. He discusses the challenges of assessing an abstract concept like culture and the methods he uses, such as direct interaction with employees and evaluating the alignment of their values with the organization's goals. Mike stresses that even within a single company, subcultures can exist, influenced by leadership styles, departmental functions, and individual backgrounds. Cultural Adaptation and FlexibilityMike's experiences underscore the necessity of cultural adaptation and flexibility in international business. He recounts how he had to shift his management style when moving from a hierarchical Japanese bank to a more egalitarian environment in the GCC. These adjustments not only helped him succeed but also facilitated smoother operations and better team co...

What's the difference between a large language model and the human brain? And what's wrong with our theories of agency? In this episode, I chat about these questions with Jan Kulveit, who leads the Alignment of Complex Systems research group. Patreon: patreon.com/axrpodcast Ko-fi: ko-fi.com/axrpodcast The transcript: axrp.net/episode/2024/05/30/episode-32-understanding-agency-jan-kulveit.html Topics we discuss, and timestamps: 0:00:47 - What is active inference? 0:15:14 - Preferences in active inference 0:31:33 - Action vs perception in active inference 0:46:07 - Feedback loops 1:01:32 - Active inference vs LLMs 1:12:04 - Hierarchical agency 1:58:28 - The Alignment of Complex Systems group   Website of the Alignment of Complex Systems group (ACS): acsresearch.org ACS on X/Twitter: x.com/acsresearchorg Jan on LessWrong: lesswrong.com/users/jan-kulveit Predictive Minds: Large Language Models as Atypical Active Inference Agents: arxiv.org/abs/2311.10215   Other works we discuss: Active Inference: The Free Energy Principle in Mind, Brain, and Behavior: https://www.goodreads.com/en/book/show/58275959 Book Review: Surfing Uncertainty: https://slatestarcodex.com/2017/09/05/book-review-surfing-uncertainty/ The self-unalignment problem: https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/9GyniEBaN3YYTqZXn/the-self-unalignment-problem Mitigating generative agent social dilemmas (aka language models writing contracts for Minecraft): https://social-dilemmas.github.io/   Episode art by Hamish Doodles: hamishdoodles.com

Data Models Hello, this is Hall T. Martin with the Startup Funding Espresso -- your daily shot of startup funding and investing. A data model is a visualization of the data showing the structure, rules, and relationships for how it works. Here's a list of key data models to consider for your data program: Concept -- shows at a high level the overview of the data blocks and what they do. Logical -- shows the data structures and the attributes of the data held. Physical -- shows the files structures and database layouts for holding the data. Hierarchical -- shows the relationship between the data structures using a tree format. Network -- shows the relationship of the data structures using a network diagram. Entity relationship -- shows the entities of data being used, their attributes, and how each entity relates to the other. Graph  -- shows the data using nodes to represent the entity and edges which show the relationship between the nodes. Use the data model to plan out the capture, storage, and use of the data for your program. Break the data model into logical subsets for development and maintenance. Set up the data model to support the goals of the overall data project.  Use it to educate the team on the data set and how it works. Consider these points for setting up a data model for your company.   Thank you for joining us for the Startup Funding Espresso where we help startups and investors connect for funding. Let's go startup something today. _______________________________________________________ For more episodes from Investor Connect, please visit the site at:   Check out our other podcasts here:   For Investors check out:   For Startups check out:   For eGuides check out:   For upcoming Events, check out    For Feedback please contact info@tencapital.group    Please , share, and leave a review. Music courtesy of .

Welcome to The Nonlinear Library, where we use Text-to-Speech software to convert the best writing from the Rationalist and EA communities into audio. This is: [Aspiration-based designs] Outlook: dealing with complexity, published by Jobst Heitzig on April 28, 2024 on The AI Alignment Forum. Summary. This teaser post sketches our current ideas for dealing with more complex environments. It will ultimately be replaced by one or more longer posts describing these in more detail. Reach out if you would like to collaborate on these issues. Multi-dimensional aspirations For real-world tasks that are specified in terms of more than a single evaluation metric, e.g., how much apples to buy and how much money to spend at most, we can generalize Algorithm 2 as follows from aspiration intervals to convex aspiration sets: Assume there are d>1 many evaluation metrics ui, combined into a vector-valued evaluation metric u=(u1,…,ud). Preparation: Pick d+1 many linearly independent linear combinations fj in the space spanned by these metrics, and consider the d+1 many policies πj each of which maximizes the expected value of the corresponding function fj. Let Vj(s) and Qj(s,a) be the expected values of u when using πj in state s or after using action a in state s, respectively (see Fig. 1). Let the admissibility simplices V(s) and Q(s,a) be the simplices spanned by the vertices Vj(s) and Qj(s,a), respectively (red and violet triangles in Fig. 1). They replace the feasibility intervals used in Algorithm 2. Policy: Given a convex state-aspiration set E(s)V(s) (central green polyhedron in Fig. 1), compute its midpoint (centre of mass) m and consider the d+1 segments ℓj from m to the corners Vj(s) of V(s) (dashed black lines in Fig. 1). For each of these segments ℓj, let Aj be the (nonempty!) set of actions for which ℓj intersects Q(s,a). For each aAj, compute the action-aspiration E(s,a)Q(s,a) by shifting a copy Cj of E(s) along ℓj towards Vj(s) until the intersection of Cj and ℓj is contained in the intersection of Q(s,a) and ℓj (half-transparent green polyhedra in Fig. 1), and then intersecting Cj with Q(s,a) to give E(s,a) (yellow polyhedra in Fig. 1). Then pick one candidate action from each Aj and randomize between these d+1 actions in proportions so that the corresponding convex combination of the sets E(s,a) is included in E(s). Note that this is always possible because m is in the convex hull of the sets Cj and the shapes of the sets E(s,a) "fit" into E(s) by construction. Aspiration propagation: After observing the successor state s', the action-aspiration E(s,a) is rescaled linearly from Q(s,a) to V(s') to give the next state-aspiration E(s'), see Fig. 2. (We also consider other variants of this general idea) Hierarchical decision making A common way of planning complex tasks is to decompose them into a hierarchy of two or more levels of subtasks. Similar to existing approaches from hierarchical reinforcement learning, we imagine that an AI system can make such hierarchical decisions as depicted in the following diagram (shown for only two hierarchical levels, but obviously generalizable to more levels): Thanks for listening. To help us out with The Nonlinear Library or to learn more, please visit nonlinear.org.

In this episode, Cynthia speaks from her experience working in Asia for 3 decades about how to adapt to culture in disciple-making among those from hierarchical cultures. She answers questions about younger people discipling those who are older, or those of low status discipling those of higher status.

https://passionstruck.com/passion-struck-book/ - Order a copy of my new book, "Passion Struck: Twelve Powerful Principles to Unlock Your Purpose and Ignite Your Most Intentional Life," today! Picked by the Next Big Idea Club as a must-read for 2024.In this episode of Passion Struck, host John R. Miles interviews Bill Weir, renowned journalist and chief climate correspondent at CNN. Weir shares insights on addressing climate change through a hierarchical needs approach, drawing inspiration from Abraham Maslow's pyramid of needs. Weir discusses his upbringing, experiences covering global events, and the importance of storytelling in raising awareness about climate change. Bill is the author of the new book "Life as We Know It (Can Be): Stories of People, Climate, and Hope in a Changing World."Full show notes and resources can be found here: In this episode, you will learn:Bill Ware shares his upbringing and how it shaped his perspective on climate change.The importance of storytelling in addressing climate change and raising awareness.The role of youth advocacy, highlighted by movements led by figures like Greta Thunberg.The need for systems change, as discussed by influential figures like Richard Branson and the B team.All things Bill Weir: https://www.instagram.com/billweircnn/SponsorsBrought to you by Indeed. Head to https://www.indeed.com/passionstruck, where you can receive a $75 credit to attract, interview, and hire in one place.Brought to you by Nom Nom: Go Right Now for 50% off your no-risk two week trial at https://trynom.com/passionstruck.Brought to you by Cozy Earth. Cozy Earth provided an exclusive offer for my listeners. 35% off site-wide when you use the code “PASSIONSTRUCK” at https://cozyearth.com/This episode is brought to you by BetterHelp. Give online therapy a try at https://www.betterhelp.com/PASSIONSTRUCK, and get on your way to being your best self.This episode is brought to you By Constant Contact:  Helping the Small Stand Tall. Just go to Constant Contact dot com right now. So get going, and start GROWING your business today with a free trial at Constant Contact dot com.--► For information about advertisers and promo codes, go to:https://passionstruck.com/deals/Catch More of Passion StruckWatch my interview with Jen Gottlieb On How To Create Your Own Success By Being SeenCan't miss my episode with Dr. Scott Lyons On How You Break Free From Drama AddictionListen to my interview with Stefanie Wilder-Taylor On Loving And Leaving AlcoholCheck my interview with Dr. Elisa Hallerman On How You Reconnect With Your SoulLike this show? Please leave us a review here-- even one sentence helps! Consider including your Twitter or Instagram handle so we can thank you personally!How to Connect with JohnConnect with John on Twitter at @John_RMiles and on Instagram at @john_R_Miles.Subscribe to our main YouTube Channel Here: https://www.youtube.com/c/JohnRMilesSubscribe to our YouTube Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/@passionstruckclips

Many of us get lost in the complexities of achieving our goals on the journey to success. In today's episode, Kevin Palmieri and Alan Lazaros demystify the road to success by presenting real-life stories paired with solid strategies that underscore a fundamental truth: success is often more straightforward than we make it out to be.Link mentioned:Next Level Group Coaching - https://www.nextleveluniverse.com/group-coaching/Group 14 starts on (Tuesday) April 16th, 2024. Discount Code for NLGC (30% off): NLULISTENER______________________NLU is not just a podcast; it's a gateway to a wealth of resources designed to help you achieve your goals and dreams. From our Next Level Dreamliner to our Group Coaching, we offer a variety of tools and communities to support your personal development journey.For more information, please check out our website at the link below.

Li Jin joins Erik Torenberg, Dan Romero, and Antonio Garcia Martinez. Li is the co-founder of Variant Fund and a prolific writer. This episode dives deep into crypto, web3, memecoins, and the attention economy thesis. They cover the direction of techno-capitalism and its impact on politics, decentralization, and the cultural differences between American and European value systems. If you're looking for an ERP platform, check out NetSuite: https://netsuite.com/zen - now through April 15th NetSuite is offering a one-of-a-kind flexible financing program. – SPONSORS: NETSUITE | SQUAD NetSuite has 25 years of providing financial software for all your business needs. More than 36,000 businesses have already upgraded to NetSuite by Oracle, gaining visibility and control over their financials, inventory, HR, eCommerce, and more. If you're looking for an ERP platform head to NetSuite: http://netsuite.com/zen and download your own customized KPI checklist.

My problem is around polyamory and non-hierarchy. Specifically, how to deal with loving or caring about some partners more, or feeling more strongly for them, while maintaining a non-hierarchical relationship style. I currently have three partners, one long distance. One of the two local partners recently mentioned that they might move away, and raised the possibility of becoming long distance. I realised I'm not particularly interested in doing that, and I'd rather break up. I do love and care about them, and I don't want to break up, but I don't feel motivated enough to do the work of maintaining long distance with them. But I feel like saying this when I already have a long distance partner will hurt them intensely, and show that I just don't feel as strongly about them as my other partner who is long distance, which unfortunately is true. I know I could say that I just don't think our specific relationship would work well long distance, but that feels dishonest when I've come to realise that I just… don't feel as invested in staying together as I did when my other partner moved away. How do I navigate this? I feel so guilty. Sounds hard Hierarchies Discourses What does it do, rather than what it is Consensual non monogamy, consent being the freedom to choose to agree and to have the capacity to make that choice How the decisions are being made Duchamp's door Instead of being a self how about becoming a bush Lines of flight

Our culture says that it values equality and democracy, but is really obsessed with functionality and power structures. Catholicism, on the other hand, presumes a sacred ordering of things. Why? Greg and Ed discuss hierarchy and ask whether we need more of it. Support this ministry so more people can consider Catholicism! Website: https://www.consideringcatholicism.com/ Email: consideringcatholicism@gmail.com

Yann LeCun is the Chief AI Scientist at Meta, professor at NYU, Turing Award winner, and one of the most influential researchers in the history of AI. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - HiddenLayer: https://hiddenlayer.com/lex - LMNT: https://drinkLMNT.com/lex to get free sample pack - Shopify: https://shopify.com/lex to get $1 per month trial - AG1: https://drinkag1.com/lex to get 1 month supply of fish oil EPISODE LINKS: Yann's Twitter: https://twitter.com/ylecun Yann's Facebook: https://facebook.com/yann.lecun Meta AI: https://ai.meta.com/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: - Check out the sponsors above, it's the best way to support this podcast - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) - Introduction (09:10) - Limits of LLMs (20:47) - Bilingualism and thinking (24:39) - Video prediction (31:59) - JEPA (Joint-Embedding Predictive Architecture) (35:08) - JEPA vs LLMs (44:24) - DINO and I-JEPA (45:44) - V-JEPA (51:15) - Hierarchical planning (57:33) - Autoregressive LLMs (1:12:59) - AI hallucination (1:18:23) - Reasoning in AI (1:35:55) - Reinforcement learning (1:41:02) - Woke AI (1:50:41) - Open source (1:54:19) - AI and ideology (1:56:50) - Marc Andreesen (2:04:49) - Llama 3 (2:11:13) - AGI (2:15:41) - AI doomers (2:31:31) - Joscha Bach (2:35:44) - Humanoid robots (2:44:52) - Hope for the future

AWS Morning Brief for the week of February 20, 2024, with Corey Quinn. Links:Amazon Bedrock console gets a modern look-and-feel AWS Control Tower introduces APIs to register Organizational Units Build generative AI chatbots using prompt engineering with Amazon Redshift and Amazon BedrockHow to enforce creation of roles in a specific path: Use IAM role naming in hierarchy models

In this episode, we're demystifying a topic that's critical yet often overlooked in medical billing – Hierarchical Condition Category, or HCC coding. Understanding HCC coding is not just about compliance; it's about ensuring your practice's financial health. So, let's dive into the world of HCC codes and discover why they add a lot to your bottom line. HCC coding might sound like a complex term wrapped in layers of healthcare jargon, but it's actually a cornerstone of modern healthcare reimbursement. Put simply, HCC codes are part of a risk adjustment model used primarily by Medicare and other payers to predict future healthcare costs based on the diagnoses documented in a patient's medical records. But why are HCC codes so important? It's all about risk adjustment. In a system where healthcare providers are increasingly reimbursed based on the complexity of care rather than the volume of services, accurately capturing a patient's health status is crucial. Proper HCC coding ensures that the reimbursement you receive truly reflects the care your patients require, and the diagnostic complexity involved in providing care for them. And it ensures that your patients' RAF scores are as accurate as they can be. Please Follow or Subscribe to get new episodes delivered to you as soon as they drop! Visit Jill's company, Health e Practices' website: https://healtheps.com/ Subscribe to our newsletter, Health e Connections: http://21978609.hs-sites.com/newletter-subscriber Want more content? Find sample job descriptions, financial tools, templates and much more: www.MedicalMoneyMattersPodcast.com Purchase your copy of Jill's book here: Physician Heal Thy Financial Self Join our Medical Money Matters Facebook Group here: https://www.facebook.com/groups/3834886643404507/ Original Musical Score by: Craig Addy at https://www.underthepiano.ca/ Visit Craig's website to book your Once in a Lifetime music experience Podcast coaching and development by: Jennifer Furlong, CEO, Communication Twenty-Four Seven https://www.communicationtwentyfourseven.com/

Tom Fitton with Judicial Watch sat down with Steve Bannon to discuss some of the things the J6 committee has done…like deleting 100 encrypted files. The fact is that the deleting of these files and the hiding of exculpatory evidence is obviously fraud and illegal. It is meant to put innocent people in prison. On the subject of the 14th Amendment; Epic Times did a fantastic piece on how similar we are to the post Civil War era. And we talk about a video that blows up the January 6 myth.What does God's Word say? Proverbs 29:2 When the righteous increase, the people rejoice, but when the wicked rule, the people groan.Proverbs 29:12 If a ruler listens to falsehood, all his officials will be wicked.Acts 20:28 Pay careful attention to yourselves and to all the flock, in which the Holy Spirit has made you overseers, to care for the church of God, which he obtained with his own blood.Ephesians 5:11 Take no part in the unfruitful works of darkness, but instead expose them.Proverbs 28:16 A ruler who lacks understanding is a cruel oppressor, but he who hates unjust gain will prolong his days.Proverbs 16:12 It is an abomination to kings to do evil, for the throne is established by righteousness.Episode 1,357 Links:The ‘Unexploded Bomb' in the Constitution That's Threatening the 2024 Election; The history behind Section 3 of the 14th Amendment, which is being used to dislodge Trump from election ballots and is set to be heard by the Supreme Court.Judicial Watch Sues Defense Department for Details of Alleged Conversation between CIA Employees Seeking to ‘Get Rid' of then-President TrumpThe Blaze uncovers J6 CCTV evidence that shows Pelosi's team was in on it…JUSTICE! Fitton and Bannon on New Lawsuit Over Jan 6 Killing of Ashli Babbitt! READSecret Service Foreknowledge or Criminal Negligence? Damning New Evidence Surfaces In FBI's January 6 “Pipe Bomb” StoryDaniel Penny's Fight To Be Free Illustrates Leftists' Hierarchical, Two-Tiered Justice System4Patriots https://4Patriots.com/Todd See this week's discounts and deals before they are gone and get free shipping on orders over $97. Alan's Soaps https://alanssoaps.com/TODD Use coupon code ‘TODD' to save an additional 10% off the bundle price. Bioptimizers https://bioptimizers.com/todd Use promo code TODD for 10% off your order. Bonefrog https://bonefrogcoffee.com/todd Use code TODD at checkout to receive 10% off your first purchase and 15% on subscriptions. Bulwark Capital Bulwark Capital Management (bulwarkcapitalmgmt.com) Sign up for Zach's FREE 2024 Preview today at Know Your Risk Radio.com. SOTA Weight Loss https://sotaweightloss.com SOTA Weight Loss is, say it with me now, STATE OF THE ART! GreenHaven Interactive Digital Marketing https://greenhaveninteractive.com Your Worldclass Website Will Get Found on Google!

Join us on an insightful journey as Millie and Nick discuss the empowering path of Decolonizing Love in this podcast episode. Discover their perspectives on Navigating Non-Hierarchical Polyamory and explore the transformative nature of love beyond societal norms. Open your hearts to a conversation that challenges traditional boundaries and embraces diverse expressions of connection.

Dr. Liz King, Associate Editor of the Journal of Child Health Care speaks with Dr. Constantinos Kanaris to discuss their publication, "Mind the power gap: How hierarchical leadership in healthcare is a risk to patient safety".

Live stream services from Christ the Savior Orthodox Church (OCA) in Chicago

Live stream services from Christ the Savior Orthodox Church (OCA) in Chicago

Live stream services from Christ the Savior Orthodox Church (OCA) in Chicago

How do the 3rd, 4th, and 5th dimensions perceive giving and receiving? The 3rd dimension is characterized by separation, judgment, and duality. It tends to be self-centered, focusing on one's own survival. Giving and receiving in the 3rd dimension can be seen as transactional, with expectations attached. People keep track of their acts of giving. These acts of giving can be held over others' heads and expect reciprocation when desired. Moving into the 4th dimension, there is an increased awareness that there is more to the story. It expands into a wider consciousness, but still holds some judgment and a sense of superiority. Hierarchical structures are still present. Sometimes the spiritual community uses concepts like love and light as tools to manipulate and shame its members. In the 5th dimension, also known as the multidimensional state, there is a constant energetic awareness. The law of mutual benefit governs this dimension, and individuals no longer dump their negative emotions onto others unconsciously. They are able to read the room and have awareness of their impact. There is a conscious co-creation and a desire to contribute. Both personal and collective streams of consciousness are embraced simultaneously, with individuals able to take care of themselves while also considering the well-being of the group. In this multidimensional frequency, the need for external validation or recognition diminishes, and success is not measured in external terms. I would like to invite you to join me in a digital course called "3D to 5D Dimension Jumping." This multidimensional course allows us to collaboratively explore and discuss various topics from the perspectives of the 3rd, 4th, and 5th dimensions. https://sabrinabrightstar.com/store2/3d-5d-dimensions

“Hierarchical control systems are based in the idea that everyone is inherently flawed and incapable of experiencing their truth and their reality on their own, so therefore they need to be spoon fed.” - Michael Koyoti This is Part 2 of an extended conversation with Michael Koyoti, author of Isness - Science, Consciousness, Spirit. In this episode we learn how pervasive controlling hierarchies are in our culture (religion, science, academia, politics, etc.) and how they interfere with the principles of Isness, our natural state. These hierarchies are designed to keep a handful of people in charge, ruling through fear and trauma while promising some elusive future that never happens. They perpetuate through our obedience to them. Humanity seems to have been genetically ingrained and culturally infused with this desire to be controlled and told what to believe. By so doing, we abandon our true divine nature! Here are some of the many things we talk about: • The three aspects of controlling hierarchies which interfere with the principles of Isness • The savior syndrome • Every controlling hierarchy collapses under its own weight • Where our obedience/acquiescence comes from • A classic example of the scientific controlling hierarchy • How the principle of oneness devolves into a synthetic collective consciousness centered in narcissism • What we can start doing now to restore ourselves website: www.michaelkoyoti.com/ book: https://www.amazon.com/Ness-Science-Consciousnes-Spirit-ebook/dp/B0BW2892SJ Bio: Michael Koyoti has had a lifelong journey encompassing music, electronics, engineering, digital audio, technology executive roles, semiconductor startups, and venture capital. Alongside his technical career, he immersed himself into decades of meditation and spiritual inquiry with Sufis, Shamans, and mystic Christians. Among his many jobs, Michael worked for a government contractor that played a pivotal role in the development of the internet. Witnessing the devolution of the internet from decentralized to centralized, corporate controlled space, Michael began to focus on sovereign digital identity, decentralized computing and cyber security, while taking a deep dive into ancient traditions that embraced the sovereignty of the human spirit. © the spiritual forum 2023

Host Daniel J. Marino speaks with Gene Rondenet and Paula Gallagher on how data and information critical to proactively build a prospective risk model is key to to manage the potential risks of health care cost increases and prepare the organization for the future. As more and more provider organizations engage in risk-based contracts, including Medicare Advantage, understanding quality and performance along with clinical workflow integration is critical to contract success. On the third episode of this three-part series focusing on risk-based contract and performance, Marino invited two special guests from QRC to join the show to dive deeper into Risk Adjustment Factor (RAF) scores and the impact of Hierarchical condition category codes (HCCs). To stream our Station live 24/7 visit www.HealthcareNOWRadio.com or ask your Smart Device to “….Play Healthcare NOW Radio.” Find all of our network podcasts on your favorite podcast platforms and be sure to subscribe and like us. Learn more at www.healthcarenowradio.com/listen

"I'm struggling with adulthood, how can I keep going?" "Was I right to block someone I was dating?" "How can I lessen my jealousy in my relationship?" Want to submit a question to Bunny or listener response to be featured on a future episode? There are 3 options for sending in your question. Option 1: Write question on this form: https://www.bunnymichael.com/xo-higherself-podcast-1 Option 2: Record a voice memo and email it to xohigherself@gmail.com.  Option 3: Leave us a voice mail at 740-481-1216. For ad-free episodes and bonus content, including bi weekly bonus episodes subscribe to our Patreon at Patreon.com/xohigherself or sign up as an Apple subscriber Theme music composed by Michael Beharie Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices