Podcasts about orns

Joe Thomas is joined by Cam Smart to discuss the Hornets 2-2 draw away at Plymouth Argyle in a game that saw ex Watford striker, Andre Gray, with 2 superb finishes (yes you read that right!) to down the ‘Orns after twice taking the lead. Follow The Voices of the Vic Podcast: Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/TheVoicesOfTheVic Twitter/X - https://x.com/voicesofthevic?s=21 Instagram - https://instagram.com/voicesofthevic?igshid=Nzd2YXZoamd1cDM1 TikTok - https://www.tiktok.com/@thevoicesofthevic?_t=8oPOlabBIRN&_r=1 Spotify - https://open.spotify.com/show/6LWkbl2NkQbl1nTbBSllOn?si=RQQPSoG2TPeeDSWQtIJlYg Apple Podcasts - https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/the-voices-of-the-vic/id1518372507 Contact us: thevoicesofthevic@gmail.com Thanks for listening! Sponsored by Beer 52. To claim your FREE case of 8 beers visit www.beer52.com/VIC Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Mike Duffy is joined by Joe Thomas to discuss the 1-0 win over Oxford United which see's Watford extend their unbeaten home run to 13 matches. Follow The Voices of the Vic Podcast: Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/TheVoicesOfTheVic Twitter/X - https://x.com/voicesofthevic?s=21 Instagram - https://instagram.com/voicesofthevic?igshid=Nzd2YXZoamd1cDM1 TikTok - https://www.tiktok.com/@thevoicesofthevic?_t=8oPOlabBIRN&_r=1 Spotify - https://open.spotify.com/show/6LWkbl2NkQbl1nTbBSllOn?si=RQQPSoG2TPeeDSWQtIJlYg Apple Podcasts - https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/the-voices-of-the-vic/id1518372507 Contact us: thevoicesofthevic@gmail.com Thanks for listening! Sponsored by Beer 52. To claim your FREE case of 8 beers visit www.beer52.com/VIC Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Caity Kirkley & Joe Thomas are back to discuss the Hornets 2-1 win over 2nd placed Sunderland. Another win for the ‘Orns at home now means that Tom Cleverley is the first manager in 120 years to go unbeaten at home in their first 10 games. Follow The Voices of the Vic Podcast: Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/TheVoicesOfTheVic Twitter/X - https://x.com/voicesofthevic?s=21 Instagram - https://instagram.com/voicesofthevic?igshid=Nzd2YXZoamd1cDM1 TikTok - https://www.tiktok.com/@thevoicesofthevic?_t=8oPOlabBIRN&_r=1 Spotify - https://open.spotify.com/show/6LWkbl2NkQbl1nTbBSllOn?si=RQQPSoG2TPeeDSWQtIJlYg Apple Podcasts - https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/the-voices-of-the-vic/id1518372507 Contact us: thevoicesofthevic@gmail.com Thanks for watching! Sponsored by Beer 52. To claim your FREE case of 8 beers visit www.beer52.com/VIC Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Our Away days series has made is long needed return! we traveled to Brammal Lane on Sunday to watch the 'Orns take on a recently relegated Sheffield UTD team. We discuss the game, our audio log of the day and our thoughts going into the international break! Happy listening hornets!Let us know your thoughts!! Follow us on Twitter! @yellowsqurdpodFollow us on Instagram! @yellowsquaredpodSubscribe to the YouTube @YellowSquaredPod for the VIDEO version of this podcast every Wednesday at 7:45pm!

In August 2017, a grieving Watford fan receives messages from her recently deceased husband who's gone to the Watford Football Club afterlife. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Ben Aiton & Mike Duffy chat to James from W.T.I.D podcast 3 months on from our last encounter with Sheffield Wednesday which finished 1-0 to The ‘Orns in Danny Rohl's first game in charge for The Owls. Follow W.T.I.D Podcast: Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/WTIDPOD Twitter/X - https://x.com/wtidpod?s=21 Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/wtidpod?igsh=MXBqaWl4Njc4NmxpNg== Spotify - https://open.spotify.com/show/5g197XFBzNVc45rMndWEmV?si=ymbn-lkmShOCAC5wiOgGKQ Apple Podcasts - https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/the-wednesday-til-i-die-podcast/id1546099630 Follow The Voices of the Vic Podcast: Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/TheVoicesOfTheVic Twitter/X - https://x.com/voicesofthevic?s=21 Instagram - https://instagram.com/voicesofthevic?igshid=Nzd2YXZoamd1cDM1 Spotify - https://open.spotify.com/show/6LWkbl2NkQbl1nTbBSllOn?si=RQQPSoG2TPeeDSWQtIJlYg Apple Podcasts - https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/the-voices-of-the-vic/id1518372507 Contact us: thevoicesofthevic@gmail.com Thanks for listening! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Caity speaks to Scott from The Belgian Football Podcast to discuss new signing Giorgi Chakvetadze who has joined The ‘Orns from Belgian side KAA Gent. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Well. Can you believe it's been ten years since that moment? Ten years since the double save. Ten years since that flowing move and the ever increasing crescendo of noise. Ten years since Hogg's perfect header. Ten years since THAT Troy Deeney finish. To mark the occasion we spoke to a whole host of Watford supporters about their recollections of not just the goal, but of the entire day. The pre match feelings, the post match carnage. It's all here. That magnificent day, that unforgettable moment. All told by those that witnessed it. And a few that didn't. Happy Deeney day everybody. Come on you ‘Orns. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Not the season anyone expected or wanted, but at least Watford were able to round off 2022/23 with a win. Mike was joined by DCW, Kieran and Jordi to talk about the dead rubber with Stoke, say farewell to the boy from Brazil and look ahead to who might be next in the Hornets hot seat. The team also discuss the possible realities about Watford's Academy graduates, while there is also a brief summing up of Chris Wilder's stint as Head Coach. The season is done, but we're not finished quite yet, keep your eyes peeled for more from FTRE in the close season. Come on you ‘Orns. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Mike, Jon, DCW and Jas got together after the disappointing home draw with rock bottom Wigan Athletic and assess what it means for the rest of the Hornets' season. The team also discuss the welcome news that the club are committing to supporter communications, with Gino Pozzo agreeing to talk directly to fans for the first time in his tenure. What should supporters be asking him and why? This is From the Rookery End. Come on you ‘Orns. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Here we go again. Again. The Slaven Bilić era is over and the Chris Wilder mini-series has begun. Mike and Jas were at Berkhamsted Town and it was from a freezing Broadwater that they joined Jon and DCW for an emergency podcast to discuss the latest change in Head Coach. Is it a surprise? Is it the right call? Will it make a difference? We discuss it all in this, the latest From the Rookery End. Take a deep breath, it's onto the next one. Come on you ‘Orns. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.02.15.528627v1?rss=1 Authors: Yang, J.-Y., O'Connell, T. F., Hsu, W.-M. M., Bauer, M. S., Dylla, K. V., Sharpee, T. O., Hong, E. J. Abstract: A core challenge of olfactory neuroscience is to understand how neural representations of odor are generated and progressively transformed across different layers of the olfactory circuit into formats that support perception and behavior. The encoding of odor by odorant receptors in the input layer of the olfactory system reflects, at least in part, the chemical relationships between odor compounds. Neural representations of odor in higher order associative olfactory areas, generated by random feedforward networks, are expected to largely preserve these input odor relationships [1-3]. We evaluated these ideas by examining how odors are represented at different stages of processing in the olfactory circuit of the vinegar fly D. melanogaster. We found that representations of odor in the mushroom body (MB), a third-order associative olfactory area in the fly brain, are indeed structured and invariant across flies. However, the structure of MB representational space diverged significantly from what is expected in a randomly connected network. In addition, odor relationships encoded in the MB were better correlated with a metric of the similarity of their distribution across natural sources compared to their similarity with respect to chemical features, and the converse was true for odor relationships encoded in primary olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). Comparison of odor coding at primary, secondary, and tertiary layers of the circuit revealed that odors were significantly regrouped with respect to their representational similarity across successive stages of olfactory processing, with the largest changes occurring in the MB. The non-linear reorganization of odor relationships in the MB indicates that unappreciated structure exists in the fly olfactory circuit, and this structure may facilitate the generalization of odors with respect to their co-occurrence in natural sources. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

It was another frustrating afternoon for Hornets' fans at Vicarage Road, as an improved second half display wasn't enough to force a win against Blackburn. Mike, Jon and Jas gathered after the game to discuss a fixture that saw the long awaited return of Tom Cleverley, Ken Sema and Imaran Louza, with all of the returnees getting the FTRE treatment, along with the rest of the misfiring squad. There is also a look ahead to Burnely, as well as a look back to a previous classic encounter with the the Clarets. Plus a rewind interview from 2011 when the boys talked to then Assistant Manager Sean Dyche and goalkeeper coach Alec Chamberlain. It's another draw. It's another From the Rookery End podcast. Come on you ‘Orns! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Championship football is back and so is From the Rookery End! After a break, we were raring to go as Watford lined up against Hull. And then the game kicked off… If Hornets fans were hoping for a scintilating performance to raise the temperature on a bitterly cold afternoon, it quickly became apparent that it wasn't going to happen, as Slaven Bilic' men recorded their second 0-0 in a row. Jas and Mike got together at the final whistle to discuss the game, which featured a concerning injury to Hamza Choudhury, leaving Watford's threadbare midfield even more depleted. The boys discuss how Jeremy Ngakia, Joesph Hungbo and Tom Dele Bashiru did after being handed rare starts, while Mike also speaks to Canadian football expert about the signing of exciting midfield prospect Ismael Kone. It was cold. It was frustrating. But it's good to be back. This is From the Rookery End. Come on you ‘Orns. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

With the break for the World Cup upon on us, Mike, Jon and Colin made the trip along the M4 to Bristol, to see how the Hornets got on against the Robins… And the answer to that was… not great! While the day was a fun one, the game was anything but, with a team shorn of Pedro and Sarr struggling to make an impact against a side woefully out of form. The game seemed destined for stalemate from early on, and a forgettable performance was made worse by a serious injury to Dan Gosling. Everyone at FTRE wishes Dan, a hugely important part of the Watford squad and their recent good form, all the best for a full recovery. You can hear how the day played out, with our chats before and after the game, as we bring you this, the latest edition of From the Rookery End. Come on you ‘Orns! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Welcome to the first of what we hope will be a semi-regular series of awayday companion podcasts, created to accompany you as you traverse the country supporting the mighty golden boys! The idea is that we give you something to think about and discuss as you make your way to see the ‘Orns in action and in this podcast, released in time for the trip to Ashton Gate, we're in search of the best ever Watford XI containing players whose first or surname begin with A! We also look back at the midweek win against Reading, while also looking ahead to the challenge that Bristol City will pose from Robins fan (and wrestling promoter!) Sean Thorne. It's a packed FTRE so we hope you enjoy it - wherever and whenever you listen. We look forward to hearing your A XI's! Come on you ‘Orns Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

It's a familiar story, but I'm it's not the next chapter Watford fans seemed to want. Following the news of Rob Edwards' surprise sacking, Jon, Jas and Mike gathered to record their thoughts on yet another tumultuous day at Vicarage Road. Is the decision justifiable? What does it mean for the future? What does it say about the owner? Will all be forgiven if Slaven Bilić guides the Hornets back to the top flight? What should we, as fans, be feeling and doing? We discuss all this and more on the latest in an all too long line of emergency podcasts on this, the brand new From the Rookery End. Come on you ‘Orns. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

An eventful week in the world of Watford was ended with another point on the road and another clean sheet, although the game at Deepdale was arguably less interesting than off-field developments… Mike and Jon got together shortly after the final whistle to discuss the Preston stalemate, with praise for a clutch of Hornets, and persisting question marks over others. In discussing the squad situation, the boys try to get their heads round the situation with transfers; attempting to find a bit of balance during what feels like a tumultuous time. This is life as a Watford fan. It's never dull. This is From the Rookery End. Come on you ‘Orns. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

With Watford's season four games old, Mike and Jon are joined by author, journalist and Hornets fan Lionel Birnie to take a look at the latest away performance, alongside a wider look at the state of Watford's squad. Lionel reports back from a wet and rather sorry looking St Andrew's, where Ray Manaj secured a deserved point for Rob Edwards' men, before turning his attentions to the currwnt situation at WD18, with the help of a few decorating analogies on the way… It's a slightly unsettling time to be a Watford fan, with the transfer window ajar and letting in a troubling draught, so kick back and relax as we try to make sense of it all. There's never a dull moment. Let's enjoy it as best we can. Come on you ‘Orns. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Watford continued their decent start to the season with a hard earned win over Vincent Kompany's Burnley; thanks in large part to another terrific performance from Austrian stopper Dan Bachmann. Mike, Jon, Jas and DCW convened in the balmy Friday night heat to discuss another absorbing night at the Vic, which saw Captain Tom score on his birthday, fan favourite Kamara see red, Yasser Asprilla make an eye-catching debut and most importantly, Watford claim the three points against a fellow promotion hopeful. It's good to be back to winning ways. Come on you ‘Orns. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Watford remain unbeaten after their first away game in this Championship campaign, but how?! Well, Jon, Mike and his brother Andy gathered at the final whistle to try and work out exactly that. It was a tough watch but a welcome point; sensational then slack from Sarr, interspersed with some brilliance from Bachmann and defiant defending, all combining to mean the Hornets escaped the Hawthorns with what has to be deemed a lucky point. As well as the West Brom debrief, Jon spoke to the incredible Ann Swanson at the recent Junior Hornets fun day, and another bona fide legend in the shape of Sir Nigel Gibbs, who was in attendance at the launch of the Vicarage Road centenary exhibition at Watford Museum. Two legends, a legendary goal and a point on the road. What's not to love? This is From the Rookery End. Come on you ‘Orns. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

On Season 2, Episode 1 of the You Orns! podcast host and lifelong Watford FC supporter Omar Moore looks at a revamped, recommitted Watford Football Club as a new era under Rob Edwards begins and the 100-year anniversary of Watford FC at The Vic beckons next month. Also: A look at the offseason, the preseason, ins and outs, kit launches and a preliminary prediction for Watford in the new season ahead in the Championship. Follow You Orns! (Twitter) at https://twitter.com/YouOrnsWFC. This podcast is available on numerous podcasting platforms. Episode publish date: July 27, 2022. Subscribe to the You Orns! YouTube channel: https://bit.ly/3h2hZnd FYI: Watford news and stories: https://youornswfc.wordpress.com. Follow You Orns! on Twitter: https://twitter.com/YouOrnsWFC Follow You Orns! on Instagram: https://instagram.com/YouOrnsWFC. #WatfordFC --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/omar-moore8/support

The season may be over, but FTRE isn't going anywhere! One of the big stories of recent weeks has been the appointment of new Head Coach Rob Edwards, and we were recently lucky enough to spend some time with him at Vicarage Road. In this very special podcast, you'll get to hear exactly what he said. Mike, Jon and Jas chat to the new man about a host of topics including learning from Graham Taylor and Kenny Jackett, what his friends thought when he took the precarious job at WD18, his style of play and hopes and expectations for the new season.Rob (as you'll hear him insist we call him!) is open and honest and we think the chat will make for a great listen. It's a new era at Vicarage Road; this is your opportunity to hear directly form the man charged with making it a successful one. Welcome to Watford, Rob. Come on you ‘Orns! See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

The season may be over, but FTRE isn't going anywhere!   One of the big stories of recent weeks has been the appointment of new Head Coach Rob Edwards, and we were recently lucky enough to spend some time with him at Vicarage Road. In this very special podcast, you'll get to hear exactly what he said.   Mike, Jon and Jas chat to the new man about a host of topics including learning from Graham Taylor and Kenny Jackett, what his friends thought when he took the precarious job at WD18, his style of play and hopes and expectations for the new season. Rob (as you'll hear him insist we call him!) is open and honest and we think the chat will make for a great listen.   It's a new era at Vicarage Road; this is your opportunity to hear directly form the man charged with making it a successful one. Welcome to Watford, Rob. Come on you ‘Orns! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

As the end of the season finally (finally!) hives into view, and with the new Head Coach signed, sealed and delivered, attentions are starting to turn to the Watford squad, and which of them will be staying or going. That's the focus of this, the latest From the Rookery End podcast, in which The Athletic's Adam Leventhal is joined by Mike and DCW to discuss what is sure to be a busy summer of ins and outs at Vicarage Road. The futures of big names such as Ismailia Sarr, Emmanuel Dennis and Imran Louza are all discussed, with your hosts also trying to identify what is needed if the Hornets are to have a successful season back in the Championship. We're nearly there. Thanks for sticking with us. Come on you ‘Orns.

It's Thursday, and you know what that means. No, not that we're a few days closer to the end of the season, no, not that we're a few days away from being relegated by our old friends Palace… it's Thursday, so it's time for a brand new From the Rookery End podcast! This week Adam is joined by DCW and Mike to discuss what is shaping up to be an interesting shortlist of potential names for the soon to be vacant position of Head Coach at Vicarage Road.  Your hosts discuss the pros and cons of a former Hornets hero taking over the hot seat, while also debating the attributes that any potential boss will need and should possess. There is also a fairly brutal assessment of Roy Hodgson's time at WD18, as the team try to work out where his appointment ranks alongside other Pozzo choices. As always, there's much to discuss. We hope you enjoy it. Stick with it. We'll be there with you. Come on you ‘Orns

It's Thursday, so it's another From the Rookery End podcast, brought to you by The Athletic. This week Adam Leventhal is joined by Dave (back from the home end at the Etihad) and Mike (back from the home end at Sparta Prague) to discuss the key points of the Watford week, as the season inches ever closer to its conclusion. The chaps discuss Adam's latest piece which takes a look at who might be in the frame for the Head Coach role at Vicarage Road, while also talking about two players that will almost certainly be following Roy Hodgson out of the WD18 exit. There's also a look ahead to this weekend's clash with Sean Dyche-less Burnley, with expert insight from The Athletic's Burnley correspondent Andy Jones. This is From the Rookery End. Come on you ‘Orns!

Back for another midweek podcast, Adam Leventhal - the Athletic's Watford correspondent - is joined by Mike and Jon, who by discussing the now released round up from the first Supporters Committee meeting, try to work out a way of moving things forward. And, of course, we'll be looking ahead to this weekend's action when the Bees of Brentford visit Vicarage Road. Jay Harris, who reports on Brentford for the Athletic, gives us the lowdown on our opponents and how we may FINALLY get a home win for Watford fans. This is From The Rookery End and Come in you Orns

Premier League football is back, Watford are back and From the Rookery End is back!  Jas, Mike and Jon gathered after defeat at Anfield to talk about what was a decent showing from the Hornets, asking whether this respectable performance provides promise for the coming weeks. In addition to the game review, the boys also talk about the recently released accounts, and what the figures might mean for the Football Club. Click that listen button and enjoy praise for Kamara, concern about VAR, question marks over Kucka, money talk and much more. This is From the Rookery End. Come on you ‘Orns!

With no Watford fixture this weekend, The Athletic's Watford correspondent Adam Leventhal took the opportunity to hang out with an old friend… In this podcast you will hear from former Hornets boss Aidy Boothroyd as he talks to Adam about what life has been like post Watford, post England U21 and what the immediate future holds. It's a fascinating listen and a nintriguing insight into the life of someone for whom football is clearly integral. While the chat touches on Aidy's time at Watford, this episode is a much broader chat and will, we're sure, be interesting for supporters of any club.  We'll be back after the International break when Watford face the daunting prospect of a trip to Anfield, but until then, kick back, relax, and enjoy catching up with Aidy. Come on you ‘Orns!

Welcome to the latest From the Rookery End, which takes the form of our latest live episode, where Adam, Mike and DCW were joined by fellow supporters to discuss the latest goings on at Vicarage Road. In a wide ranging chat, the team discuss Roy's tactics and his approach to communication, hopes for the summer, hopes for the rest of the season and a great conversation as to what Watford are and what they should aim to represent. Thanks to everyone that got involved, and for those that didn't, this is your chance to hear exactly what you missed.  This is From the Rookery End. Come on you ‘Orns.

It was a more enjoyable afternoon at Vicarage Road, with a superb Cucho Hernandez finish the undeniable highlight, but it wasn't enough to avoid an eighth straight home defeat for Watford. Jon, Jas and Mike gathered outside a cold Vicarage Road to discuss a game that may well have provided entertainment to any neutrals, but delivered another example of how costly mistakes can be for long suffering home fans. The boys work their way through the team as they run the rule over a performance that was better, but ultimately not enough. There is time, there is a chance, and while hope is fading fast, From the Rookery End will be with you every step of the way. Come on you ‘Orns.

Jon, Jason and Mike are back with the latest From the Rookery End podcast, discussing an unexpected but most welcome away point (and clean sheet) at Manchester United. The boys discuss the ending of a run of 10 straight defeats at Old Trafford, and while not exactly doing cartwheels, it's fair to say they are happier than a few days earlier… There is praise for a spirited defensive performance and nod to the ever improving Imran Louza, while there are a few questions asked of what is evidently a forward line shorn of any confidence. The team also discuss Roy's prickly post Palace patter, talk about hope and also touch on the Watford career of Danny Webber after he chatted Watford with fellow Hornets' fan Charlie Zazzera. A point at Old Trafford is never to be sniffed at. Enjoy it and enjoy this, the latest episode of From the Rookery End. Come on you ‘Orns.

It was against the backdrop of an unwanted new record that Jon, Jas, Mike and Colin gathered to record this, the new edition of From the Rookery End. In losing 0-2 at home to Brighton, this Watford side became the first to lose six home games in a row in the top flight in Hornets history, and while the result may not have been too much of a surprise, the boys were shocked by the performance. There is a robust discussion about the tactics employed by Roy Hodgson, who after three games in charge is yet to see his team score, as the team try to assess just what went wrong at Vicarage Road. Again.  The chaps also pay tribute to the magnificent Ann Swanson, who was honoured at half time with the official announcement that the family stand will from now on be named after her. A truly wonderful moment in the middle of an otherwise forgettable afternoon. Despite the result and despite what it almost certainly means, the podcast is a goodun' so get it downloaded, get it listened to and let's get on to Villa. Come on you ‘Orns!

The boys discuss the away day experience at West Ham, the Hornets' performance and have a crack at predicting the results for the rest of the season. There's also a chat about how fans' frustrations manifest themselves, including how Adam, as The Athletic's Watford correspondent, deals with interactions with passionate Watford fans online. It's a tough time, and it's looking like a big task to rescue the season, but it's not over yet. This is From the Rookery End. Come on you ‘Orns

The Athletic's Watford correspondent Adam Leventhal was joined by Mike and DCW as he hosted the second live From the Rookery End podcast. The team were joined by fellow Watford supporters, who posed questions on subjects including the goalkeeper situation, contract lengths, the starting XI for Burnley, credit for Cathcart and Cleverley, and of course the big one - how does Ozan Tufan compare to Steve Talboys? A big thanks to everyone that joined in and got involved: for those that were unable to make it - this is how it sounded! We'll be back after Burnley. Come on you ‘Orns.

Watford endured a night to forget in their home fixture with Norwich, capitulating completely to gift the hosts a 0-3 win.  The morning after the night before, Mike, Jason and Jon gathered to discuss the game, but perhaps more importantly, the multiple factors that are combining to deliver such a disappointing situation. Is it the players? The owners? The Head Coach? The boys run the rule over all three. It's a tough time to be a Hornet, so we think this is an important time to have what is an important conversation. Come on you ‘Orns.

Watford suffered their 7th defeat in a row and conceded 4 at the King Power for the second time this season, as they lost in the FA Cup 3rd Round. Jon, Mike, Jason and Colin convened at the final whistle to discuss the latest defeat, which featured a much changed side with familiar fragilities. There is praise for James Morris, but there was precious little else for the team to enthuse about, with question marks over the defence (!) and concerns over the way Claudio Ranieri is setting up the side. Despite crashing out, the boys also take the opportunity to look back on some memorable cup moments, before looking forward to what is a monumentally big week for the Hornets. Let's do this. Come on you ‘Orns.

Join Mike, Jon and Jas for a pre-Christmas chinwag, as they identify 21 notable moments from Watford FC's 2021. You can also hear Colin's audio diary from his trip to Turf Moor, while we also drop by Hornets HQ to hear what Christmas Day for the Watford squad might sound like. No football? No problem! This is From the Rookery End. Merry Christmas and Come on you ‘Orns!

It was an evening to forget in West London for Watford fans as the Hornets threw away a lead to hand three points to the Bees. As always, talking helps, so join us as we get another tough one out of our systems! Jon, Mike and Colin were all at the Brentford Community Stadium and they gathered the next morning to revisit the game, trying to pinpoint exactly went wrong for Ranieri's men. Was it the substitutions? Poor individual performances? Simple errors or just the occasion getting to them? Give it a listen and let us know where you think the golden boys got it wrong. It's another tough one, but win, lose or draw, this is From the Rookery End. Come on you ‘Orns.

It's the end of a week that has seen Watford perform creditably against some of the best players in the game, and in the latest episode of From the Rookery End, Jon, Jason and Mike gather to discuss the latest attempt to not get humiliated by Manchester City. The boys talk about the quality the Hornets had to face, the defensive issues that continue to blight encouraging performances and look ahead to what is a crucial run of Premier League fixtures for Claudio Ranieri and his exciting team. Does the season start here? We'll soon find out, and we'll be with you every step of the way. This is From the Rookery End. Come on you ‘Orns.

The Athletic's Watford correspondent Adam Leventhal is joined once again by Mike and DCW to reflect on a barnstorming performance against Chelsea under the Vicarage Road lights on Wednesday night, with special praise reserved for the electric Emmanuel Dennis and the ever improving Imran Louza. There's also some early news of Watford's likely approach to the January transfer window in light of yet another injury, this time to Adam Masina, and we look ahead to the visit of Manchester City on Saturday as the Hornets face yet another daunting test at the hands of the reigning champions. It's Thursday and it's another From The Rookery End! Come on you Orns!

Welcome to the post Leicester edition of From the Rookery End, where you can hear Jon alongside a thawed out Mike and Colin after their trip to the frozen tundra of the King Power. The team run the rule over an afternoon that wasn't without entertainment, but ultimately ended in disappointment after the Hornets' defensive frailties were exposed once again. You can also hear from a whole host of fans (thanks to everyone who spoke to Mike before the match) about how they are feeling in terms of their connection with the Watford FC class of 2021/22. It was a tipsy turvy afternoon in Leicester. Here's what we made of it. Come on you ‘Orns.

It's Thursday which can only mean one thing. Adam Leventhal is back with another From the Rookery End podcast, brought to you by The Athletic. This week Adam is ably assisted by Mike and DCW who discuss the situation Head Coach Xisco Muñoz finds himself in, using Adam's latest piece on The Athletic as a touchstone. The boys look ahead to a tricky trip to Elland Road with the help of Phil Hay, and try to work out what, if any changes, should be made to the starting XI for what is a vital game. All this and much much more in your Thursday edition of From the Rookery End. Come on you ‘Orns! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Watford were back in Premier League action at Vicarage Road this weekend, taking on struggling Newcastle United. Jon, Jas, Colin and an even grumpier than usual Mike were on hand to share their verdict on the 1-1 draw and on this, the latest From the Rookery End podcast, you can hear what they had to say. There was disappointment aplenty, particularly with the chances afforded the opposition, but was the search for positives on a frustrating afternoon fruitful? Download and listen to find out! You can also hear the team discussing a range of “What if…” moments, looking back on some moments in Watford history that, had they gone a different way, could have resulted in a very different story. It's a comeback and another point. It's the brand new From the Rookery End podcast. Come on you ‘Orns. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Away days are back! Join Mike and Jon as they take From the Rookery End on the road and down to the South coast, as Watford took on Brighton. An optimistic pre-game drive soon turned into a post match post mortem, with Mike and Jon joined by Jacob Culshaw as they dissected a disjointed Watford display.  While the result was a disappointment, the thrill of following the Hornets on the road was undeniably welcome, so join us on the latest From the Rookery End and revel in the fact that we're once again able to follow our team up and down the country. Onto the next. Come on you ‘Orns! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Omar Moore, lifelong fan of Watford Football Club, hosts the brand new podcast You Orns!, dedicated to the goings-on at Vicarage Road at his beloved Watford FC. In this introductory episode Omar looks at the aftermath of Watford's automatic promotion from the English Football League Championship to the Premier League on April 24, 2021, less than a year after relegation from the latter. Also: A look at Watford's 38 matches in the Premier League 2021-22 season fixture list that was released today. And: Analysis of the new players who have been signed so far for Watford Football Club. Episode date: June 16, 2021. --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/omar-moore8/support

Watford signed off the 2020/21 campaign with another clean sheet and another home win, beating Play-Off bound Swansea 2-0. Mike, Jas and Jon breakdown the final game in this Championship season, and we’re also joined by Adam Leventhal, who talks us through three fascinating Watford pieces that are currently available on The Athletic. As it’s the season finale, the boys also run through their top ten moments of what was a record breaking season, so settle in, hit play and relive what has been an amazing season for all involved with Watford FC. We did it! This is From the Rookery End. Come on you ‘Orns! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

You may have heard; the ‘Orns are going up! After Watford secured promotion with a hard-earned win against Millwall, Jon, Jason and Mike took a deep breath and try to do a monumental achievement justice. The boys talk about the all important win, while also looking back over an unprecedented and ultimately successful season. Watford are up and this is our promotion podcast. The Hornets are Premier League; this is From the Rookery End. Enjoy. Oh, and Come on you ‘Orns! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Watford banished the memories of a disappointing derby day in the best way possible with a perfect performance at promoted Norwich. It was therefore an understandably upbeat trio of Jason, Mike and Jon that gathered at the final whistle to discuss a dream showing at Carrow Road. The boys keep a lid on their emotions long enough to talk through the game, which was seen through in expert fashion with a team featuring a number of changes from the weekend. You can also hear from Arlo, enjoy a chat about who Watford should break away with for their own version of the Super League, and gasp at the boys’ limited grasp of Mathematics as they try to work out what results are required to secure that sought after promotion spot. Nearly there. Come on you ‘Orns. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Watford got back to winning ways with a hard earned victory against Reading, so it was an increasingly confident quartet of Mike, Colin, Jason and Jon that gathered after the game to discuss the archetypal game of two halves. As well as discussing the Friday fun at the Vic, the boys look forward to the eagerly anticipated trip up the M1, while there are also chats with Geoff Wicken, one of the co-creators of the incredible “Watford Treasury, and Jacob Culshaw of WD18 Fans, who talks about what it’s been like to interview the likes of Tom Cleverley and Philip Zinckernagel. 3 points, 2 goals, 1 podcast. This is From the Rookery End. Enjoy! Come on you ‘Orns! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

With the busy Easter period in the books, Jon, Colin and Mike got together to discuss two games in four days; performances that extended the Hornets’ unbeaten run and maintained a healthy gap between them and the chasing pack.   The boys discuss the Wednesday win and the point at Middlesbrough, while also sharing their views on the news that Watford continue to look at a potential new home. There’s also a very special edition of Michael Parkin’s son, with Arlo taking the opportunity to turn from interviewee to interviewer! It’s been another busy week. Another intriguing set of results. This is another From the Rookery End. Six games to go. Come on you ‘Orns. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Σε αυτό το επεισόδιο του Box to Box Γιώργος Κοντογεώργης, Παναγιώτης Παλλαντζάς και Λευτέρης Ντανοβασίλης σκέφτονται αν τα προβλήματα της Γιουβέντους θα την κρατήσουν εκτός Champions League, συζητούν για τα ντέρμπι κορυφής σε Bundesliga και Ligue 1, φοβούνται για την Ατλέτικο που έχει συνεχόμενες εξόδους στη Σεβίλλη, ενώ δυσκολεύονται να καταλάβουν αν Λίβερπουλ και Άρσεναλ πρέπει να ρίξουν το βάρος στην Ευρώπη, αφήνοντας στην άκρη την 4άδα της Premier League. Αλλαγές προπονητών σε όλη την Ευρώπη, περισσότερα μεγάλα παιχνίδια και όλα όσα πρέπει να γνωρίζετε πριν τα σημαντικότερα ραντεβού στα κορυφαία πρωταθλήματα! Εισαγωγή Serie A 04:00" Bundesliga 11:45" Ligue 1 18:30" La Liga 23:04" Premier League 29:36" Quick Hits 41:20"

It was a thoroughly professional performance that saw Watford head into the International break with a ninth win in ten games; their fifth in a row. It was therefore little surprise that it was an upbeat Mike, Jason and Jon that gathered to talk about the Hornets comprehensive win over Birmingham City. In what was a pretty efficient team performance there was specific praise for the majestic Francisco Sierralta and a rejuvenated Nathaniel Chalobah, with the latter turning in a stunning Man of the Match performance. Heading into the International Break the boys try to come up with their “best players to be capped while playing for Watford XI” so be sure to share your thoughts and suggested teams in the comments below! It’s another win! (Yes, another one!) It’s another From the Rookery End. Come on you ‘Orns! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Watford got back to winning ways against Wycombe, so to celebrate, here’s a brand new From the Rookery End podcast. Mike and Jon spoke directly after the final whistle to discuss a professional display from the Hornets, discussing who took their opportunity in a team that featured a couple of enforced changes. The Athletic’s Watford correspondent Adam Leventhal is also on board, joining the boys to discuss the sad news of the death of former Watford player and manager Glenn Roeder. You can also hear from the magic man. Yes, hear what Gerard Deulofeu had to say when he caught up with Adam on the anniversary of what would be the Spaniard’s last game for the Hornets; that famous win against the Champions elect Liverpool. It’s all ready and waiting for you right this moment. It’s another From the Rookery End. Come on you ‘Orns! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

For the first time since 1979, Watford have won at Preston North End, and for the first time since Saturday, we’ve recorded a brand new From the Rookery End podcast! Jon, Mike, Jason and Adam Leventhal (live from Preston train station!) gather to discuss a stirring Watford victory, with audio from Xisco Muñoz’ post match press conference alongside a thorough breakdown of what Watford had to do to get their first win at Preston in over 40 years. You can also hear Mike playing his part in a fun prank on Watford’s Swedish wing wizard Ken Sema in this, the brand new From the Rookery End. Come on you ‘Orns! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

On a day where the whole Watford family were remembering Graham Taylor, the Golden boys were back in winning ways against Huddersfield. Jon, Mike and Jason talk about the key players, the change in mentality and where the squad is at for the upcoming games and the rest of this season.  Also, after much frustration from Watford fans about the off field activities of Ben Foster and Troy Deeney, we wanted to get in the mind of footballers and how they cope. We got in touch with former hornet Marvin Sordell to ask how he keeps a healthy mind and how he didn't always when on the pitch! Come on you ‘Orns! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

It’s back to league action this weekend , and right on cue From the Rookery End is back to look forward to a huge game against Huddersfield. Jon and Mike are joined by The Athletic’s Watford correspondent Adam Leventhal to discuss the Hornets’ likely transfer activity in January, as well as a look at a player who has already joined the ranks; Phillip Zinckernagel. We also hear from Jan Lohman, Watford’s first ever overseas signing and the subject of a fascinating recent interview with Adam for The Athletic. As Watford enter a crucial period of the season, From the Rookery End will be with you every step of the way. Come on you ‘Orns! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Watford were knocked out of the FA Cup despite a spirited performance at Old Trafford, with Jason, Jon and Mike gathering the day after to discuss the defeat. There is praise for new signing Zinckernagel, deputy keeper Bachmann and the impressive Sierralta, while question marks remain over the Hornets attacking prowess. As is (sadly for Mike in particular) customary, there is also another FA Cup quiz, let us know how you get on with Jon’s fiendish questions in the comments below. It’s a defeat. It’s not the end of the world. It’s a new From the Rookery End. Come on you ‘Orns! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

For the second successive home game there was late, late drama at Vicarage Road, with the Hornets happily coming out on top this time round. Mike, Jon and Jas convened after the breathless conclusion to Watford’s hard fought and (just about!) deserved victory, to talk about another intriguing encounter.  There’s also audio from “one of our own” as The Athletic’s Watford correspondent Adam Leventhal caught up with Sean Murray, who reflects on a career that saw him first make his Watford debut a decade ago. It was an early kick off, an early wake up call for the defence, and a late, late show from our very own SAS (Sema and Sarr), so hear all about it on your very own FTRE. This is From the Rookery End. Come on you ‘Orns! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Ben Aiton & Mike Duffy were back to discuss the defeat at Oakwell for the Orns (with a special guest!) and looked ahead to Wednesday's fixture against Stoke City and also spoke to Ben from the YYY Files Podcast.

It was a tough night in Buckinghamshire for Watford who laboured to a draw against previously pointless Wycombe Wanderers, leaving supporters and Head Coach Vladimir Ivić pretty unimpressed. Download the new From the Rookery End to hear what Jon, Mike and Jas made of it, with The Athletic’s Watford correspondent Adam Leventhal also joining from the scene. It was a tough watch, hopefully this will be a more enjoyable listen. It’s another point (just). It’s another From the Rookery End. Come on you ‘Orns. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.21.349688v1?rss=1 Authors: Rong, H., Zhang, L., Greer, C., Ben-Shahar, Y., Holy, T. E., Raman, B. Abstract: How is sensory information routed through different types of neurons within a circuit, and do equivalent circuits in different individuals follow similar organizational principles? We examined this issue in the fruit fly olfactory system. Odor-evoked signals from sensory neurons (ORNs) triggered neural responses that were patterned over space and time in cholinergic ePNs and GABAergic iPNs within the antennal lobe. The dendritic-axonal (I/O) response mapping was complex and diverse, and axonal organization was region-specific (mushroom body vs. lateral horn). In the lateral horn, feed-forward excitatory and inhibitory axonal projections matched 'odor tuning' in a stereotyped, dorsal-lateral locus, but mismatched in most other locations. In the temporal dimension, ORN, ePN and iPN odor-evoked responses had similar encoding features, such as information refinement over time and divergent ON and OFF responses. Notably, analogous spatial and temporal coding principles were observed in all flies, and the latter emerged from idiosyncratic neural processing approaches. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.08.332130v1?rss=1 Authors: McLaughlin, C. N., Brbic, M., Xie, Q., Li, T., Horns, F., Kolluru, S. S., Kebschull, J. M., Vacek, D., Xie, A., Li, J., Jones, R. C., Leskovec, J., Quake, S. R., Luo, L., Li, H. Abstract: Recognition of environmental cues is essential for the survival of all organisms. Precise transcriptional changes occur to enable the generation and function of the neural circuits underlying sensory perception. To gain insight into these changes, we generated single-cell transcriptomes of Drosophila olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs), thermosensory and hygrosensory neurons from the third antennal segment at an early developmental and adult stage. We discovered that ORNs maintain expression of the same olfactory receptors across development. Using these receptors and computational approaches, we matched transcriptomic clusters corresponding to anatomically and physiologically defined neuronal types across multiple developmental stages. Cell-type-specific transcriptomes, in part, reflected axon trajectory choices in early development and sensory modality in adults. Our analysis also uncovered type-specific and broadly expressed genes that could modulate adult sensory responses. Collectively, our data reveal important transcriptomic features of sensory neuron biology and provides a resource for future studies of their development and physiology. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info

We have lift off! The 2020/21 campaign is officially underway, with Watford the first team to score and the first team to record a win this season! Jason, Mike and Jon discuss the game, look at who did well, who we might need more from, and how the team did at implementing the Vladimir Ivić style of play in his first competitive game in charge. Mike spoke to The Athletic’s Watford correspondent Adam Leventhal  inside Vicarage Road at the final whistle to get a feel for what it was like to be at the game, with Adam also fielding his first “Ask Leventhal”’question, while also looking forward to his upcoming piece on Watford’s new Head Coach. You can hear audio from the main man’s press conference, before stepping back in time to reminisce about Vicarage Road, as the club launch a project to mark 100 years at at the stadium. Football is back and for an eleventh straight season, From the Rookery End will be with you and Watford every step of the way. Come on you ‘Orns! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.04.283424v1?rss=1 Authors: Sun, H., Liu, F., Ye, Z., Baker, A. P., Zwiebel, L. J. Abstract: Mosquitoes rely heavily on their olfactory systems for host seeking, selection of oviposition sites, and avoiding predators and other environmental dangers. Of these behaviors, the preferential selection of a human blood-meal host drives the vectorial capacity of anthropophilic female Anopheles coluzzii mosquitoes. Olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) are dispersed across several appendages on the head and express an obligate odorant receptor co-receptor (Orco) coupled with a tuning odorant receptor (OR) to form heteromeric, odor-gated ion channels in the membrane of these neurons. To examine the mechanistic and functional contributions of Orco/OR complexes to the chemosensory processes of An. coluzzii, we utilized CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to create a line of homozygous, Orco-knockout, mutant mosquitoes. As expected, orco-/- ORNs across both adult and larval stages of An. coluzzii display significantly lower background activity and lack nearly all odor-evoked responses. In addition, blood-meal-seeking, adult female, orco-/- mutant mosquitoes exhibit severely reduced attraction to human- and non-human-derived odors while gravid females are significantly less responsive to established oviposition attractants. These results reinforce observations in other insects that Orco is crucial in maintaining the activity of ORNs. In that light, it significantly influences a range of olfactory-driven behaviors central to the anthropophilic host preference that is critical to the vectorial capacity of An. coluzzii as a primary vector for human malaria. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.23.218586v1?rss=1 Authors: Maguire, S. E., Afify, A., Goff, L., Potter, C. J. Abstract: Mosquitoes locate and approach humans ('host-seek') when specific Olfactory Neurons (ORNs) in the olfactory periphery activate a specific combination of glomeruli in the mosquito Antennal Lobe (AL). We hypothesize that dysregulating proper glomerular activation in the presence of human odor will prevent host-seeking behavior. In experiments aimed at ectopically activating most ORNs in the presence of human odor, we made a surprising finding: ectopic expression of an AgOr (AgOr2) in Anopheles gambiae ORNs dampens the activity of the expressing neuron. This contrasts studies in Drosophila melanogaster, the typical insect model of olfaction, in which ectopic expression of non-native ORs in ORNs confers ectopic neuronal responses without interfering with native olfactory physiology. To gain insight into this dysfunction in mosquitoes, RNA-seq analyses were performed comparing wild-type antennae to those ectopically expressing AgOr2 in ORNs. Remarkably, almost all Or transcripts were significantly downregulated (except for AgOr2), and additional experiments suggest that it is AgOR2 protein rather than mRNA that mediates this downregulation. Our study shows that ORNs of Anopheles mosquitoes (in contrast to Drosophila) employ a currently unexplored regulatory mechanism of OR expression, which may be adaptable as a vector-control strategy. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info

It was (yet another!) must win game for Watford...and they did it! With their blood pressure slowly settling down and smiles on their faces, Jon, Jas and Mike gathered to discuss the latest valuable victory for the golden boys.In this, the latest From the Rookery End podcast, the chaps discuss what was the dictionary definition of a game of two halves, while also running the rule over a number of individual performances.There’s also a look ahead to the crucial fixture at West Ham with The Athletic’s Roshane Thomas, all delivered with an almighty sense of relief and a palpable, if not modest, dose of optimism. Come on you ‘Orns! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

After a tumultuous weekend, Jon and Mike are joined by The Athletic’s Watford correspondent as they pause to take stock and examine goings on in the wider Watford world.Adam talks us through his fascinating features with former Head Coach Javi Gracia and current Centre Back Craig Dawson. There’s also a look at the thorny issues involving Andre Grat’s infamous birthday party and the mysterious case of Papa Gueye, who after what has to be the shortest Watford career ever, is now officially a Marseille player.All this and much more as the boys take a moment and try to compose themselves ahead of Saturday’s daunting visit to Stamford Bridge. This is From the Rookery End. Come on you ‘Orns.

Project restart continues to be a false start for Watford, as Jon, Jas and Mike gather in the aftermath of another damaging display, this time against in form Southampton.The boys don’t pull any punches in their assessment of a listless display in which Watford failed to record a single shot on target. This combined with a litany of errors mean that positivity is pretty thin on the ground; despite a heartwarming message from young Arlo.This was a bad day at the office, but you’re not alone. As always, this is From the Rookery End. Come on you ‘Orns.

It’s back! And so of course is From the Rookery End. Jon and Jason are joined by Mike, one of the lucky few to be inside Vicarage Road, to discuss Watford’s hard earned, dramatic point against Leicester as project restart, starts.The game is the focal point of the show, with the boys covering all the main talking points from a fascinating encounter, including praise for Watford’s late saviour Craig Dawson. There’s also a welcome return for Arlo in our “Michael Parkin’s son” feature.With the games coming thick and fast, we also look ahead to the Hornet’s next fixture and ponder whether Pearson’s men will be able to do it on a pleasant Thursday early evening in Burnely. To help us work it out, we’re joined by The Athletic’s Burnley correspondent Andy Jones who describes the sort of challenge we’ll face in a few short days.Leicester review. Burnley preview. This is From the Rookery End. Come on you ‘Orns!

Project restart is nearly upon us and ahead of Watford’s fixture with the high flying Foxes, Jon and Mike are joined by Adam Leventhal to run the rule over the Hornets’ “pre-season friendly” with Brentford. Who impressed, while who has something still to prove.The boys assess the run in as they try to seek comfort from the tough fixtures other relegation threatened teams face, while in between a quite staggering number of appalling clichés from Mike, we hear from the Athletic’s Leicester correspondent Rob Tanner.Football’s nearly back and your new From the Rookery End podcast is here to help you get ready.  Come on you ‘Orns!

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.10.145235v1?rss=1 Authors: Guo, H., Guo, P.-P., Sun, Y.-L., Huang, L.-Q., Wang, C.-Z. Abstract: Helicoverpa armigera utilizes (Z)-11-hexadecenal (Z11-16:Ald) as its major sex pheromone component. Three pheromone binding proteins (PBPs) and two general odorant binding proteins (GOBPs) are abundantly expressed in male antennae of H. armigera. However, their precise roles in the olfactory detection of Z11-16:Ald remain enigmatic. To answer this question, we first synthesized the antibody against HarmOR13, a pheromone receptor (PR) primarily responding to Z11-16:Ald and mapped the local associations between PBPs / GOBPs and HarmOR13. Immunostaining showed that HarmPBPs and HarmGOBPs were localized in the supporting cells of sensilla trichodea and sensilla basiconica respectively. In particular, HarmPBP1 and HarmPBP2 were colocalized in the cells surrounding the olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) expressing HarmOR13. Next, using two noninterfering binary expression tools, we heterologously expressed HarmPBP1, HarmPBP2 and HarmOR13 in Drosophila T1 sensilla to validate the functional interplay between PBPs and HarmOR13. We found that the addition of HarmPBP1 or HarmPBP2 significantly increased the sensitivity of HarmOR13 to Z11-16:Ald. However, the presence of either HarmPBP1 or HarmPBP2 was ineffective to change the tuning breadth of HarmOR13. Taken together, our results support the idea that PBPs are contributors to the peripheral olfactory sensitivity but do not affect the selectivity. Lastly, we discovered that HarmOR13 and the Drosophila OR67d employed a similar coding mechanism to detect pheromones, suggesting that pheromone detection across different insect orders appears to co-opt a conserved molecular principle to recognize pheromone ligands Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info

How much do the FTRE hosts REALLY know about the Hornets? Well in this week’s podcast you’re about to find out as two teams go head to head in a battle of Watford wits! Hear Mike and Kelly take on Jason and Colin, as they tackle a number of fiendish rounds as well as coming under the spotlight in an individual Mastermind challenge.You can play along at home, too - we’d love to know how you get on.There’s no football, but there’s still From the Rookery End! Enjoy, and Come on you ‘Orns!

WATFORD 3-0 ASTON VILLA: It’s the last From the Rookery End of the decade and we’re wrapping up the last ten years on a high! The boys discuss the hard earned point at Bramall Lane as well as the exhilarating triumph against Aston Villa. There’s praise for Pearson, starry eyes for Sarr and even delight with Deulofeu. The final four in our search for your favourite Hornet of the decade is also unveiled. We’ve given ourselves hope - Come on you ‘Orns!

WATFORD 2-0 MANCHESTER UNITED: Well, you don’t need us to tell you how enjoyable that was, but we hope you’ll download the post Manchester United podcast anyway! The boys break down a memorable and much needed result, and also announce who has made it through to the next phase in our search for your favourite Watford player of the decade. It was a great day; relive it with the brand new From the Rookery End. Merry Christmas and Come on you ‘Orns!

WATFORD 0-0 PALACE: At the end of another eventful week in the world of Watford, Jon is joined by Colin, Mike and Jas who try and sum up the last tumultuous few days. The boys try to work out what new Head Coach Nigel Pearson has to do in order to kickstart the great escape, and also run the rule over the performances against Leicester and our old friends Crystal Palace. This is your latest dose of Watford waffle - it’s From the Rookery End. Come on you ‘Orns!

WATFORD 0-3 BURNLEY: Well. That wasn’t quite what we’d hoped for, was it? Hear how Jon, Mike and Jas react to yet another deeply disappointing afternoon at the Vic, as they try to get their heads round another home game without a win. Luckily, this episode isn’t all about the Burnley game, with interviews with two former Hornerts providing some vital light relief. Jon caught up with the legendary Sir Nigel Gibbs at an event celebrating the terrific Watford Treasury, while Kieran/Hollywood spoke with Jay DeMerit at the European Premiere of LaGolda at Vicarage Road.  Arlo is also back in Michael Parkin’s son, so there is plenty to enjoy despite the unpalatable on-field action. Come on you ‘Orns.

Charlie Orns and his wife Toni from Freeze Frame Photos stopped by to talk about his involvement in NW Ohio racing at various tracks and some fun things he has witnessed over the year. Lots of local tracks are shuffling their schedules a bit this weekend to combat Mother Nature...we have the details as well as Ryan Wichman's detailed racing forecast!

Southampton 0-2 Watford Mike is joined, outside Saint Mary's, by Kieran and Colin to talk through the Orns second away win of the season, the second on the south coast and the second with 2 goals and a clean sheet.

Welcome to the seventh season of From the Rookery End! As ever, it’s an exciting time to be a Watford supporter and we’re looking forward to bringing you a fans-eye view as the first year under Walter Mazzarri unfolds. In this, the first podcast of the campaign, we head to the Hertfordshire derby at Stevenage to run our eye over some of the new recruits, talk Troy, discuss 3-5-2 and cover off everything else that’s happened since the end of last season. Good grief, it’s great to be back! Come on you ‘Orns!

For all animals it is highly advantageous to associate an environmental sensory stimulus with a reinforcing experience. During associative learning, the neural representation of the sensory stimulus (conditioned stimulus; CS) converges in time and location with that of the reinforcer (unconditioned stimulus; US). The CS is then affiliated with a predictive value, altering the animal’s response towards it in following exposures. In my PhD thesis I made use of olfactory aversive conditioning in Drosophila to ask where these two different stimuli are represented and how they are processed in the nervous system to allow association. In the first part of my thesis, I investigated the presentation of the odor stimulus (CS) and its underlying neuronal pathway. CS-US association is possible even when the US is presented after the physical sensory stimulus is gone ('trace conditioning'). I compared such association of temporally non-overlapping stimuli to learning of overlapping stimuli ('delay conditioning'). I found that flies associate an odor trace with electric shock reinforcement even when they were separated with a 15 s gap. Memories after trace and delay conditioning have striking similarities: both reached the same asymptotic learning level, although at different rates, and both memories have similar decay kinetics and highly correlated generalization profiles across odors. Altogether, these results point at a common odor percept which is probably kept in the nervous system throughout and following odor presentation. In search of the physiological correlate of the odor trace, we used in vivo calcium imaging to characterize the odor-evoked activity of the olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) in the antennal lobe (in collaboration with Alja Luedke, Konstanz University). After the offset of odor presentation, ORNs showed odor-specific response patterns that lasted for a few seconds and were fundamentally different from the response patterns during odor stimulation. Weak correlation between the behavioral odor generalization profile in trace conditioning and the physiological odor similarity profiles in the antennal lobe suggest that the odor trace used for associative learning may be encoded downstream of the ORNs. In the second part of the thesis I investigated the presentation of different aversive stimuli (USs) and their underlying neuronal pathways. I established an odor-temperature conditioning assay, comparable to the commonly used odor-shock conditioning, and compared the neural pathways mediating both memory types. I described a specific sensory pathway for increased temperature as an aversive reinforcement: the thermal sensors AC neurons, expressing dTrpA1 receptors. Despite the separate sensory pathways for odor-temperature and odor-shock conditioning, both converge to one central pathway: the dopamine neurons, generally signaling reinforcement in the fly brain. Although a common population of dopamine neurons mediates both reinforcement types, the population mediating temperature reinforcement is smaller, and probably included within the population of dopamine neurons mediating shock reinforcement. I conclude that dopamine neurons integrate different noxious signals into a general aversive reinforcement pathway. Altogether, my results contribute to our understanding of aversive olfactory conditioning, demonstrating previously undescribed behavioral abilities of flies and their neuronal representations.

The formation of neuronal networks depends on the proper development and targeting of the neurons within the network. One key challenge during the development of such networks is the correct cross linking of axons and dendrites. Only correct synapse formation between dendrites and axons will allow neurons to contribute to the entire network. Therefore further insights into axon targeting mechanisms will help to understand the underlying developmental processes and contribute to future cures for a number of related diseases. Generally, once a neuron forms an axon, it starts growing towards a certain “target zone”. The underlying axon targeting mechanisms are controlled by a large number of extracellular cues provided by the extracellular matrix and neighboring cells. Depending on the neuron type, axons travel different distances towards their future synaptic partner. During that journey the neurons, more specifically the growth cone, constantly comes into contact with guidance cues. The growth cone symbolizes the forefront of an axon and is responsible to integrate different guidance signals. Depending on their nature, they trigger the local assembly or disassembly of the cytoskeleton and ultimately force the axon to turn into a certain direction. Although different guidance cues activate different signaling pathways, all of these cascades will eventually converge down on the cytoskeleton. These cytoskeletal rearrangements and changes in actin dynamics within the growth cone will promote the turning of the entire axon. In a series of events different guidance cues, attractive and repulsive, will guide the growth cone to its respective target. In this study I used the olfactory system, more specifically the olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs), of Drosophila melanogaster to investigate the mechanisms of axon targeting. The olfactory system of the fruit fly proved to be a very powerful model organism for a number of reasons: First, the number of genetic tools available for Drosophila allows the manipulation of many cellular aspects. Second, ORNs have an extremely stereotyped targeting pattern that proved to be a good system to investigate axon targeting mechanisms. The work presented in this thesis studied the role of the highly conserved actin binding protein Psidin during the development and targeting of ORNs. Herein, I was able to demonstrate that Psidin uses two independent molecular mechanisms to control ORN targeting and survival. To elucidate Psidin’s role in the aforementioned processes, I analyzed two predicted null alleles psidin1 (Brennan et al., 2007) and psidin55D4 (Kim et al., 2011), and one hypomorphic allele psidinIG978 (this study). The new hypomorphic allele psidinIG978 was mapped during this study and found to have a single point mutation within Psidin’s coding region (E320K). The data shown in this study demonstrate that Psidin is required at two different time points during the development of the olfactory system. During ORN development, Psidin is required as non-catalytic part of the N-acetyltransferase complex (NatB) to ensure ORN survival. At later stages during development, Psidin functions as an actin binding protein to regulate actin dynamics to ultimately ensure proper ORN axon targeting. I was able to show for the first time that Psidin’s previously reported function as actin binding protein in oocytes (Kim et al., 2011), is also true for neurons. The loss of Psidin leads to significantly reduced lamellipodia in growth cones of primary neurons in vitro. In agreement with Psidin’s role in actin dynamics is the finding that the parallel removal of the actin stabilizer Tropomyosin rescues the lamellipodia defect in psidin1 primary neurons. This strongly argues for Psidin being an actin destabilizing protein and antagonist of Tropomyosin. In general, psidin1 and psidin55D4 mutant axons showed severe mistargeting defects in vivo – e.g. defasciculation in Or59c and Or42a neurons or ectopic synapse formation in Or47a neurons. However, axons mutant for psidinIG978 displayed a less severe phenotype compared to the null alleles. In agreement with in vitro data, the parallel removal of Tropomyosin rescued the targeting defect in Or59c neurons in vivo. The growth cone and the lamellipodia are both important structures that keep axons responsive towards guidance cues. Therefore the lamellipodia reduction in psidin mutants is likely the cause for the observed targeting defects. Nevertheless, Psidin is required differentially among the ORN classes – the ones that project to dorsolateral or ventromedial glomeruli within the antennal lobe (AL) are more affected than centrally projecting classes. ORN classes that are more affected in psidin mutants have to turn upon entry of the AL. Therefore those classes (dorsolateral and ventromedial) have a higher requirement of Psidin, which has to maintain the lamellipodium, so that the axon can respond to cues in the first place. In addition, I overexpressed different isoforms of LimK and Cofilin to artificially create conditions that favor actin stabilization or destabilization. More generally, conditions that promoted actin destabilization and actin stabilization were able to rescue and aggravate the psidin1 phenotype, respectively. In addition to the targeting defect, psidin1 and psidin55D4 mutants showed a strong reduction in ORN cell numbers. In contrast, cell numbers were not affected in psidinIG978 mutant flies. Again, ORN classes were affected differently – e.g. Or42a neuron number was reduced by 83%, but Or59c number was only reduced by 46%. Indicating Psidin’s function in ORN survival, the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein p35 in psidin mutant neurons selectively rescued the cell number, but failed to rescue the targeting defects. Interestingly, the Psidin/Tropomyosin double mutant showed the opposite effect; here the targeting was rescued, but not the cell number. These findings gave strong indications that Psidin has two independent functions during ORN targeting and development. Psidin is predicted to be the non-catalytic part of the N-acteyltransferase complex B (NatB) in Drosophila (Brennan et al., 2007). Here, Psidin (non-catalytic) forms the NatB-complex together with dNAA20 (catalytic). This complex is thought to acetylate nascent protein chains N-terminally. In this study I demonstrated for the first time that both proteins interact in vivo and in vitro. Indicating that the NatB-complex is involved in ORN survival, the knock-down of dNAA20 in psidinIG978 mutants led to a reduction of ORN cell number that is reminiscent of the cell number in psidin1 or psidin55D4 background. At the same time, the knock-down of dNAA20 had no effect on the targeting of ORNs. Furthermore I was able to show that wild type Psidin and PsidinIG978 interact with dNAA20 at comparable levels in vitro. This is in agreement with the finding that the psidinIG978 allele selectively affects ORN targeting, but not ORN survival. In addition, I was able to map the interaction domain between Psidin and dNAA20. This revealed that the point mutation found in psidinIG978 is just outside of the minimal interaction domain. Deletion of the entire interaction domain led to a complete abolishment of the Psidin/dNAA20 interaction. Furthermore I was able to demonstrate that the interaction of Psidin and dNAA20 is regulated by the phosphorylation of a highly conserved serine residue (S678). Expression of the non-phosphorylatable Psidin isoform (S678A) rescued the targeting and cell number phenotype in vivo. Contrary expression of the phosphomimetic isoform (S678D) only rescued the targeting phenotype, but failed to restore ORN cell number in vivo. In line with this observation is the finding that the S678D isoform is unable to bind dNAA20 in vitro. At the same time the S678A isoform binds dNAA20 at normal levels in vitro. Taken together, the data presented in this work demonstrate that Psidin has two functions during the development and targeting of ORNs using two independent molecular mechanisms: First, during axon targeting Psidin is required as an actin destabilizing molecule and antagonist of Tropomyosin. Psidin maintains the lamellipodia size in growth cones and keeps the cytoskeleton in a dynamic and responsive state. This ensures that growing axons can respond properly to various guidance cues. Second, to ensure ORN survival, Psidin is required as non-catalytic part of the NatB-complex. Here, Psidin interacts with the catalytic subunit dNAA20. The formation of the NatB-complex is regulated by phosphorylation of a conserved serine. In its unphosphorylated state Psidin binds dNAA20 and ensures ORN survival, whereas phosphorylation causes the abolishment of this interaction which results in a reduction of ORN cell number. Concluding, this thesis unambiguously shows that Psidin is required at different time points during the formation of the olfactory system of Drosophila. It utilizes two different pathways to ensure (i) ORN survival as part of the NatB-complex and (ii) ORN targeting as actin binding protein. Due to its strong conservation in higher organisms, the here presented data provide important insights into the function of Psidin’s mammalian homologues.

Zyklonukleotid-aktivierte Kationenkanäle (CNG-Kanäle) spielen eine Schlüsselrolle im Seh- und Riechprozess. Der olfaktorische CNG-Kanal besteht aus den Untereinheiten CNGA2, CNGA4 und CNGB1b. Sowohl CNGA4 als auch CNGB1b können in heterologen Expressionssystemen nur zusammen mit CNGA2 funktionelle Kanäle bilden. Sie werden auch als modulatorische Untereinheiten bezeichnet, da sie dem CNG-Kanal charakteristische Eigenschaften verleihen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit sollte die Rolle von CNGB1b im Riechprozess anhand einer CNGB1-defizienten Mauslinie (CNGB1KO-Maus) untersucht werden. CNGB1KO-Mäuse zeigten im Vergleich zu gleichaltrigen Wildtyp-Mäusen ein deutlich eingeschränktes Riechvermögen. Dieses äußerte sich in verringertem Körpergewicht, schlechterem Abschneiden in einem Riechtest und einem veränderten Elektroolfaktogramm (EOG). EOGs von CNGB1KO-Mäusen zeigten verglichen mit WT-Mäusen ein verzögertes Einsetzen, eine verkleinerte Amplitude und eine verlangsamte Rückbildung der Duftantwort. Als Ursache für die verzögert einsetzende Reizantwort konnte eine verringerte Sensitivität des CNG-Kanals gegenüber zyklischen Nukleotiden ausgemacht werden. Die verkleinerte Amplitude im EOG konnte durch eine verringerte Menge an Kanalprotein erklärt werden, was einen um Faktor zehn verminderten CNG-Strom zur Folge hatte. Das verlangsamte Abklingen der Duftantwort konnte auf ein Fehlen der Calcium-Calmodulin-abhängigen Inaktivierung des CNG-Stroms zurückgeführt werden. Eine Interaktion von CNGA2 und CNGA4 in CNGB1-defizienten Neuronen wurde durch Co-Immunpräzipitation nachgewiesen. Mittels immunhistochemischer Färbungen wurde gezeigt, dass CNGA2 und CNGA4 zwar assemblierten, nicht aber in die Zilienmembran der ORNs transportiert wurden. Vielmehr wurde der CNGA2/CNGA4-Kanal in subziliären Zellkompartimenten zurückgehalten. Der Versuch, die Translokation in das Zilium durch Hemmung des proteolytischen Abbaus der CNG-Untereinheiten zu ermöglichen, war nicht erfolgreich, was auf eine streng reglementierte Qualitätskontrolle in olfaktorischen Rezeptorneuronen schließen ließ. Morphologisch unterschied sich das olfaktorische System von CNGB1KO-Mäusen verglichen mit dem Wildtyp durch eine Reduktion der Schichtdicke des olfaktorischen Epithels sowie einen verkleinerten Bulbus olfactorius. Neurone des Bulbus olfactorius von CNGB1-defizienten Mäusen waren bezüglich ihrer Duftantwort nicht von Wildtyp-Neuronen zu unterscheiden. Für die Bedeutung der CNGB1b-Untereinheit kann festgehalten werden, dass sie dem olfaktorischen CNG-Kanal charakteristische Eigenschaften wie erhöhte Empfindlichkeit gegenüber zyklischen Nukleotiden, die Fähigkeit zur Calcium-Calmodulin-abhängigen Inaktivierung und kontrolliertes Single Channel Flickering verleiht. Zudem spielt die CNGB1b-Untereinheit zusammen mit CNGA4 eine essentielle Rolle für den Transport des CNG-Kanals in die Zilienmembran der ORNs. Darüber hinaus ist CNGB1b unentbehrlich für eine normale Entwicklung des olfaktorischen Systems.